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Hua WJ, Hwang WL, Yeh H, Lin ZH, Hsu WH, Lin TY. Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein combined with KRAS G12C inhibitor impedes intracellular AKT/ERK network to suppress lung cancer cells with KRAS mutation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129291. [PMID: 38211909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
KRAS mutations are tightly associated with lung cancer progression. Despite the unprecedented clinical success of KRASG12C inhibitors, recurrent mechanisms of resistance and other KRAS mutations require further therapeutic approaches. GMI, a protein from the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma microsporum, possesses antitumor activity; whereas, the biological function of GMI on regulating KRAS mutant lung cancer cells remains unknown. Herein, RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics showed that GMI may regulate KRAS-modulated MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways in A549 (KRASG12S) cells. Further experiments demonstrated that GMI inhibited KRAS activation and suppressed ERK1/2 and AKT signaling in A549 cells. Intriguingly, GMI inhibited AKT signaling but increased phosphorylation of ERK in H358 (KRASG12C) cells. GMI significantly suppressed tumor growth in LLC1 cells-allograft and H358 cells-xenograft mice. GMI showed a synergistic effect with KRASG12C inhibitors in inhibiting cell growth, KRAS activation and KRAS-mediated downstream signaling, leading to apoptosis in H358 cells. Combination of GMI and KRASG12C inhibitor, AMG 510, resulted in more durable inhibition of tumor growth and KRAS activity in H358 cells-xenograft mice. This study highlights the potential of GMI, a dietary fungal protein, as a viable therapeutic avenue for KRAS-mutant lung cancer in combination with KRASG12C inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jyun Hua
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cancer and Immunology Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Yeh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hu Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; LO-Sheng Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lo HC, Hua WJ, Yeh H, Lin ZH, Huang LC, Ciou YR, Ruan R, Lin KF, Tseng AJ, Wu ATH, Hsu WH, Chao CH, Lin TY. GMI, a Ganoderma microsporum protein, abolishes focal adhesion network to reduce cell migration and metastasis of lung cancer. Life Sci 2023; 335:122255. [PMID: 37967792 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer metastasis is a major cause of cancer-related deaths, emphasizing the urgent need for effective therapies. Although it has been shown that GMI, a fungal protein from Ganoderma microsporum, could suppress primary tumor growth in a wide spectrum of cancer types, it is still unclear whether GMI exhibits anti-metastasis properties, particularly in lung cancers. Further investigation is needed. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to investigate the potential inhibitory effects of GMI on lung cancer metastasis in vivo. Utilizing systematic and comprehensive approaches, our research aims to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-metastatic effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro migration and cell adhesion assays addressed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related phenotype. Proteomic and bioinformatic analyses identified the GMI-regulated proteins and cellular responses. GMI-treated LLC1-bearing mice were analyzed using IVIS Spectrum to assess the anti-metastatic effect. KEY FINDINGS GMI inhibits EMT as well as cell migration. GMI disrupts cell adhesion and downregulates integrin, resulting in inhibition of phosphorylated FAK. GMI induces macropinocytosis and lysosome-mediated degradation of integrin αv, α5, α6 and β1. GMI downregulates Slug via inhibition of FAK activity, which in turn enhances expressions of epithelial-related markers and decreases cell mobility. Mechanistically, GMI-induced FAK inhibition engenders MDM2 expression and enhances MDM2/p21/Slug complex formation, leading to Slug degradation. GMI treatment reduces the metastatic pulmonary lesion and prolongs the survival of LLC1-bearing mice. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings highlight GMI as a promising therapeutic candidate for metastatic lung cancers, offering potential avenues for further research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chih Lo
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jyun Hua
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Yeh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hu Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Huang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Ciou
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Runcheng Ruan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Fan Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Jung Tseng
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexander T H Wu
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science & Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; LO-Sheng Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hong Chao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS(2)B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Pérez-López P, Férnandez-Velasco P, Bahillo-Curieses P, de Luis D, Díaz-Soto G. Impact of glucose variability on the assessment of the glycemia risk index (GRI) and classic glycemic metrics. Endocrine 2023; 82:560-568. [PMID: 37695452 PMCID: PMC10618378 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of glucose variability on the relationship between the GRI and other glycemic metrics in a cohort of pediatric and adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using intermittent scanning continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM). METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 202 patients with T1D under intensive insulin treatment (25.2% CSII) using isCGM. Clinical, metabolic, and glycemic metrics were collected, and the GRI was calculated with its hypoglycemia (CHypo) and hyperglycemia (CHyper) components. The correlation between the GRI and other classical glycometrics in relation to the coefficient of variation (CV) was evaluated. RESULTS A total of 202 patients were included (53% male; 67.8% adults) with a mean age of 28.6 ± 15.7 years and 12.5 ± 10.9 years of T1D evolution (TIR 59.0 ± 17.0%; CV 39.8 ± 8.0%; GMI 7.3 ± 1.1%). The mean GRI was 54.0 ± 23.3 with a CHypo and CHyper component of 5.7 ± 4.8 and 23.4 ± 14.3, respectively. A strong negative correlation was observed between the GRI and TIR (R = -0.917; R2 = 0.840; p < 0.001), showing differences when dividing patients with low glycemic variability (CV < 36%) (R = -0.974; R2 = 0.948; p < 0.001) compared to those with greater CV instability (≥36%) (R = -0.885; R2 = 0.784; p < 0.001). The relationship of GRI with its two components was strongly positive with CHyper (R = 0.801; R2 = 0.641; p < 0.001) and moderately positive with CHypo (R = 0.398; R2 = 0.158; p < 0.001). When the GRI was evaluated with the rest of the classic glycemic metrics, a strong positive correlation was observed with HbA1c (R = 0.617; R2 = 0.380; p < 0.001), mean glucose (R = 0.677; R2 = 0.458; p < 0.001), glucose standard deviation (R = 0.778; R2 = 0.605; p < 0.001), TAR > 250 (R = 0.801; R2 = 0.641; p < 0.001), and TBR < 54 (R = 0.481; R2 = 0.231; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The GRI correlated significantly with all the glycemic metrics analyzed, especially with the TIR. Glycemic variability (GV) significantly affected the correlation of the GRI with other parameters and should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Pérez-López
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal 3; CP, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición Clínica (CIENC), Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal 3; CP, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pablo Férnandez-Velasco
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal 3; CP, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición Clínica (CIENC), Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal 3; CP, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pilar Bahillo-Curieses
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal 3; CP, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Daniel de Luis
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal 3; CP, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición Clínica (CIENC), Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal 3; CP, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Díaz-Soto
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal 3; CP, 47005, Valladolid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición Clínica (CIENC), Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal 3; CP, 47005, Valladolid, Spain.
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Hescot S, Debien V, Hadoux J, Drui D, Haissaguerre M, de la Fouchardiere C, Vezzosi D, Do Cao C, Libé R, Le Tourneau C, Baudin E, Massard C, du Rusquec P. Outcome of adrenocortical carcinoma patients included in early phase clinical trials: Results from the French network ENDOCAN-COMETE. Eur J Cancer 2023; 189:112917. [PMID: 37277263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At metastatic stage, treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) relies in first line on mitotane therapy, combination of mitotane with locoregional therapies or cisplatin-based chemotherapy according to initial presentation. In second line, ESMO-EURACAN recommendations favour enrolment of patients in clinical trials investigating experimental therapies. However, the benefit of this approach remains unknown. METHODS The aim of our retrospective study was to analyse the inclusion and outcomes of all patients of the French cohort ENDOCAN-COMETE included in early clinical trials between 2009 and 2019. RESULTS Of the 141 patients for whom a local or national multidisciplinary tumour board recommended, as first choice, to look for clinical trial, 27 patients (19%) were enroled in 30 early clinical trials. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.02 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI]; 2.3-4.6) and median overall survival (OS) was 10.2 months (95% CI; 7.13-16.3) while the best response, evaluable in 28 of 30 trial participants according to RECIST 1.1 criteria, was partial response for 3 patients (11%) stable disease for 14 patients (50%) and progressive disease for 11 patients (39%), resulting in a disease control rate of 61%. Median growth modulation index (GMI) in our cohort was 1.32, with a significantly prolonged PFS in 52% of the patients compared to the previous line. The Royal Marsden Hospital (RMH) prognostic score was not associated with OS in this cohort. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that patients with metastatic ACC benefit from inclusion in early clinical trials in second line. As recommended, if a clinical trial is available, it should be the first choice for suitable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ségolène Hescot
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Debien
- DITEP, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien Hadoux
- Service d'Oncologie Endocrinienne, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Delphine Drui
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service d'Endocrinologie-Diabétologie et Nutrition, Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Magalie Haissaguerre
- Département d'Endocrinologie, Hôpital Universitaire de Bordeaux, Institut D'Oncologie de Bordeaux, INSERM, Pessac, France
| | | | - Delphine Vezzosi
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Hopital Larrey, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Rossella Libé
- Service d'Endocrinologie, French National Network for Adrenal Cancers ENDOCAN-COMETE, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Le Tourneau
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France; Unité de Recherche INSERM U900, Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Eric Baudin
- Service d'Oncologie Endocrinienne, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| | | | - Pauline du Rusquec
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France; Unité de Recherche INSERM U900, Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Cloud, France
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Lin ZH, Yeh H, Lo HC, Hua WJ, Ni MY, Wang LK, Chang TT, Yang MH, Lin TY. GMI, a fungal immunomodulatory protein, ameliorates SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein-induced inflammation in macrophages via inhibition of MAPK pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124648. [PMID: 37119883 PMCID: PMC10140468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Clinically, COVID-19 is often accompanied by a severe immune response (cytokine storm) which produces a large number of cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12, and consequently causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). GMI is a type of fungal immunomodulatory protein that is cloned from Ganoderma microsporum and acts as modulating immunocyte for various inflammatory diseases. This study identifies GMI as a potential anti-inflammatory agent and determines the effects of GMI on the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine secretion. Functional studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 envelop (E) protein induces inflammatory process in murine macrophages RAW264.7 and MH-S cells and in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated human THP-1 cells. GMI exhibits a strong inhibitory effect for SARS-CoV-2-E-induced pro-inflammatory mediators, including NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 in macrophages. GMI reduces SARS-CoV-2-E-induced intracellular inflammatory molecules, such as iNOS and COX-2, and inhibits SARS-CoV-2-E-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and P38. GMI also downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in lung tissue and serum after the mice inhale SARS-CoV-2-E protein. In conclusion, this study shows that GMI acts as an agent to alleviate SARS-CoV-2-E-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hu Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Yeh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Lo
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jyun Hua
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Ni
- Hungchi Women & Children's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kai Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Chang
- Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Qu Y, Li A, Zhong S. The efficiency of China's freshwater fishery breeding: nonparametric data envelopment analysis based on interprovincial data. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:48972-48987. [PMID: 36763276 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Studying the economic efficiency of freshwater fishery breeding is of great significance to the sustainable utilization of freshwater fishery resources. Based on the nonparametric research method, this study combines the super-SBM data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with the global Malmquist index (GMI) to evaluate the total factor productivity of freshwater fishery breeding (FTFP) of China from 2004 to 2019, so as to reflect the economic efficiency of freshwater fishery breeding in China. The empirical results show that (1) in general, FTFP has reached the effective level in China with a fluctuating trend in time, but it lacks a breakthrough value. (2) In China, FTFP shows significant differences in space, and its spatial development pattern has gradually evolved from "high in the south and low in the north" to "high in the north and low in the south." (3) The change of FTFP in China mainly depends on technological progress, while the change of scale efficiency and pure efficiency has no significant impact on it. (4) When environmental factors are taken into account, the FTFP value will decrease as a whole. Therefore, it is very important to optimize the structure of freshwater fishery breeding and strengthen the construction of aquatic science and technology system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qu
- School of Finance and Economics, Harbin Vocational College of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150399, China
| | - Aizhi Li
- School of Finance, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Shen Zhong
- School of Finance, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China.
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Ho HPT, Vo DNK, Lin TY, Hung JN, Chiu YH, Tsai MH. Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein acts as a multifunctional broad-spectrum antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 by interfering virus binding to the host cells and spike-mediated cell fusion. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113766. [PMID: 36271550 PMCID: PMC9515347 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible coronavirus that has caused over 6 million fatalities. SARS-CoV-2 variants with spike mutations are frequently endowed with a strong capability to escape vaccine-elicited protection. Due to this characteristic, a broad-spectrum inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 infection is urgently demanded. Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein (GMI) was previously reported to alleviate infection of SARS-CoV-2 through ACE2 downregulation whereas the impact of GMI on virus itself was less understood. Our study aims to determine the effects of GMI on SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and the more detailed mechanisms of GMI inhibition against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection. METHODS ACE2-overexpressing HEK293T cells (HEK293T/ACE2) and SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses carrying spike variants were used to study the effects of GMI in vitro. Infectivity was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Fusion rate mediated by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was examined with split fluorescent protein /luciferase systems. The interactions of GMI with SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and ACE2 were investigated by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. RESULTS GMI broadly blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection in various cell lines. GMI effectively inhibited the infection of pseudotyped viruses carrying different emerged spike variants, including Delta and Omicron strains, on HEK293T/hACE2 cells. In cell-free virus infection, GMI dominantly impeded the binding of spike-bearing pseudotyped viruses to ACE2-expressing cells. In cell-to-cell fusion model, GMI could efficiently inhibit spike-mediated syncytium without the requirement of ACE2 downregulation. CONCLUSIONS GMI, an FDA-approved dietary ingredient, acts as a multifunctional broad-spectrum antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 and could become a promising candidate for preventing or treating SARS-CoV-2 associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Phan Thanh Ho
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Di Ngoc Kha Vo
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Epidemic Prevention, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Ning Hung
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Chiu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Epidemic Prevention, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Yeh H, Vo DNK, Lin ZH, Ho HPT, Hua WJ, Qiu WL, Tsai MH, Lin TY. GMI, a protein from Ganoderma microsporum, induces ACE2 degradation to alleviate infection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-pseudotyped virus. Phytomedicine 2022; 103:154215. [PMID: 35691077 PMCID: PMC9144848 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces a global serious pandemic and is responsible for over 4 million human deaths. Currently, although various vaccines have been developed, humans can still get SARS-CoV-2 infection after being vaccinated. Therefore, the blocking of SARS-CoV-2 infection may be potential therapeutic strategies. Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein (GMI), a small fungal protein, is cloned from Ganoderma microsporum. It exhibits anti-cancer and immunomodulatory functions. Currently, it is still unclear whether GMI involves in interfering with viral infection. PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the potential functions and mechanisms of GMI on inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection. METHODS The effects of GMI were examined in vitro on ACE2 overexpressing HEK293T (HEK293T/ACE2) cells exposed to SARS-CoV-2 Spike lentiviral pseudovirus encoding a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. The infection efficacy was determined using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The protein level of ACE2 was verified by Western blot. The effects of GMI on cell viability of HEK293T/ACE2 and lung epithelial WI38-2RA cells were determined by MTT assay. Mice received GMI via nebulizer. RESULTS GMI did not affect the cell viability of HEK293T/ACE2, WI38-2RA and macrophages. Functional studies showed that GMI inhibited GFP expressing SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus from infecting HEK293T/ACE2 cells. GMI slightly interfered the interaction between ACE2 and Spike protein. GMI interacted with S2 domain of Spike protein. Specifically, GMI dramatically reduced ACE2 expression in HEK293T/ACE2 and WI38-2RA cells. Mechanistically, GMI induced ACE2 degradation via activating protein degradation system, including proteasome and lysosome. Abolishing proteasome and lysosome by MG132 and bafilomycin A1, respectively, rescued GMI-reduced ACE2 levels. In addition, GMI triggered dynamin and lipid raft-mediated ACE2 endocytosis. ACE2 levels were downregulated in the lung tissue after the mice inhaling GMI. CONCLUSIONS GMI prevents SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection via induction of ACE2 degradation in host cells. Our findings suggest that GMI will be a potential prevention agent to alleviate SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin Yeh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Di Ngoc Kha Vo
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Zhi-Hu Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ha Phan Thanh Ho
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jyun Hua
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Lun Qiu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Epidemic Prevention, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Epidemic Prevention, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Pujante Alarcón P, Alonso Felgueroso C, Ares Blanco J, Morales Sánchez P, Lambert Goitia C, Rodríguez Escobedo R, Rodríguez Rodero S, Delgado Alvarez E, Menéndez Torre EL. Correlation between glucose measurement parameters of continuous flash monitoring and HbA1c. Real life experience in Asturias. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022; 69:493-499. [PMID: 36028448 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite continuous glucose monitoring having been proven useful in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, A1C remains the gold standard for assessing disease management. MATERIAL AND METHODS Descriptive, retrospective study which included 252 patients, 40.5% male, mean age 44.91±14.57 years, mean duration of diabetes 22.21±13.12 years, 88.1% on basal-bolus insulin therapy and 11.9% users of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Glucose measurement, analytical and anthropometric data were obtained. RESULTS The mean time in range was 60.18±15.60% and was associated with A1C after adjusting for age, gender, duration of diabetes, BMI, insulin regimen, %CV and time below range (ß: -0.548; p<0.01). The glucose management indicator (GMI) was 7.19±0.69% and was also associated with A1C (ß: 0.957; p<0.01) regardless of age, gender, duration of diabetes, BMI, insulin treatment, %CV and time in range. The average difference between A1C and GMI was 0.17±0.65% (-2.70-3.40%), being higher as A1C increased, in a linear and significant manner, without being influenced by the duration of diabetes or CV. CONCLUSIONS Although we found a positive correlation between continuous glucose monitoring glucose measurement parameters and A1C, there is still not enough evidence to replace one parameter with another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Pujante Alarcón
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Carlos Alonso Felgueroso
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jessica Ares Blanco
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paula Morales Sánchez
- Laboratorio Metabolismo ENDO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Lambert Goitia
- Laboratorio Metabolismo ENDO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Raúl Rodríguez Escobedo
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sandra Rodríguez Rodero
- Laboratorio Metabolismo ENDO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elías Delgado Alvarez
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Edelmiro Luis Menéndez Torre
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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10
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Chao MW, Liao CW, Lin CH, Tseng CY. Immunomodulatory protein from ganoderma microsporum protects against oxidative damages and cognitive impairments after traumatic brain injury. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 120:103735. [PMID: 35562037 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes abnormal proliferation of neuroglial cells, and over-release of glutamate induces oxidative stress and inflammation and leads to neuronal death, memory deficits, and even death if the condition is severe. There is currently no effective treatment for TBI. Recent interests have focused on the benefits of supplements or natural products like Ganoderma. Studies have indicated that immunomodulatory protein from Ganoderma microsporum (GMI) inhibits oxidative stress in lung cancer cells A549 and induces cancer cell death by causing intracellular autophagy. However, no evidence has shown the application of GMI on TBI. Thus, this study addressed whether GMI could be used to prevent or treat TBI through its anti-inflammation and antioxidative effects. We used glutamate-induced excitotoxicity as in vitro model and penetrating brain injury as in vivo model of TBI. We found that GMI inhibits the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and reduces neuronal death in cortical neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity. In neurite injury assay, GMI promotes neurite regeneration, the length of the regenerated neurite was even longer than that of the control group. The animal data show that GMI alleviates TBI-induced spatial memory deficits, expedites the restoration of the injured areas, induces the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factors, increases the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1) and lowers the astroglial proliferation. It is the first paper to apply GMI to brain-injured diseases and confirms that GMI reduces oxidative stress caused by TBI and improves neurocognitive function. Moreover, the effects show that prevention is better than treatment. Thus, this study provides a potential treatment in naturopathy against TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Chao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Science, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Wei Liao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hung Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yi Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan.
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11
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Fellinger P, Rodewald K, Ferch M, Itariu B, Kautzky-Willer A, Winhofer Y. HbA1c and Glucose Management Indicator Discordance Associated with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Intermittent Scanning Glucose Monitoring System. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:288. [PMID: 35624589 PMCID: PMC9138367 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glucose management indicator (GMI) is frequently used as a substitute for HbA1c, especially when using telemedicine. Discordances between GMI and HbA1c were previously mostly reported in populations with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) using real-time CGM. Our aim was to investigate the accordance between GMI and HbA1c in patients with diabetes using intermittent scanning CGM (isCGM). In this retrospective cross-sectional study, patients with diabetes who used isCGM >70% of the time of the investigated time periods were included. GMI of four different time spans (between 14 and 30 days), covering a period of 3 months, reflected by the HbA1c, were investigated. The influence of clinical- and isCGM-derived parameters on the discordance was assessed. We included 278 patients (55% T1DM; 33% type 2 diabetes (T2DM)) with a mean HbA1c of 7.63%. The mean GMI of the four time periods was between 7.19% and 7.25%. On average, the absolute deviation between the four calculated GMIs and HbA1c ranged from 0.6% to 0.65%. The discordance was greater with increased BMI, a diagnosis of T2DM, and a greater difference between the most recent GMI and GMI assessed 8 to 10 weeks prior to HbA1c assessment. Our data shows that, especially in patients with increased BMI and T2DM, this difference is more pronounced and should therefore be considered when making therapeutic decisions.
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12
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Peng KT, Chen JL, Kuo LT, Yu PA, Hsu WH, Lee CW, Chang PJ, Huang TY. GMI, an Immunomodulatory Peptide from Ganoderma microsporum, Restrains Periprosthetic Joint Infections via Modulating the Functions of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Effector T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6854. [PMID: 34202218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection are difficult to treat due to antibiotic resistance. It is known that the biofilms from methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) promote expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to suppress T-cell proliferation and benefit bacterial infections. This study finds that GMI, a fungal immunomodulatory peptide isolated from Ganoderma microsporum, suppresses MDSC expansion to promote the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells. The enhancement is likely attributed to increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α and reduction in ROS expression. Similar beneficial effects of GMI on the suppression of MDSC expansion and IL-6 expression are also observed in the whole blood and reduces the accumulation of MDSCs in the infected bone region in a mouse PJI infection model. This study shows that GMI is potentially useful for treating S. aureus-induced PJIs.
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13
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Sharma R, Singh C, Khadwal A, Prakash G, Malhotra P, Jain A, Jandial A, Suri V, Muthu V, Prabhakar N, Gorsi U, Chakrabarti A, Varma S, Lad DP. Role of pre-transplant chest high-resolution computed tomography and serum galactomannan index in predicting post-transplant invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2021; 23:e13632. [PMID: 33973316 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of pre-HCT chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and serum galactomannan index (GMI) in predicting the post-allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is debatable. METHODS This was a single-center, prospective study from 2014 to 2019. The primary objective was to study if pre-HCT chest HRCT and serum GMI predicted IPA post-HCT. The secondary objective was day +100 mortality. All consecutive, consenting patients of ≥12 years of age undergoing allo-HCT were included and had pre-HCT chest HRCT and serum GMI. All patients received mold active antifungal prophylaxis. The EORTC/MSG criteria were used for the diagnosis of IPA. RESULTS A total of 82 patients with median age 27 years (12-59 years) were included. The underlying diagnoses included hematological malignancies (79%) and aplastic anemia (21%). Fifteen percent of patients was treated for prior history of probable IPA (>6 weeks before HCT). Pre-HCT chest HRCT satisfied EORTC clinical criteria in 24% patients. Serum GMI ≥0.5 was seen in 27% of patients. Post-HCT probable IPA was seen in 24% of patients. There were more patients with pre-HCT chest HRCT findings satisfying EORTC clinical criteria (45% vs. 18%, P = .014) and GMI ≥0.5 (45% vs. 21%, P = .03) in the group with post-HCT IPA compared to those without IPA. There was higher day+100 mortality in patients with post-HCT IPA (55% vs. 18%, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS The presence of EORTC clinical criteria on pre-HCT chest HRCT, serum GMI ≥0.5, and prior history of IPA predicted post-HCT IPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Charanpreet Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Khadwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gaurav Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arihant Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aditya Jandial
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikas Suri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Valliappan Muthu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nidhi Prabhakar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ujjwal Gorsi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arunaloke Chakrabarti
- Department of Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Subhash Varma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepesh P Lad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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14
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Gazda P, Nowicki M. Giant Stress-Impedance Effect in CoFeNiMoBSi Alloy in Variation of Applied Magnetic Field. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:1919. [PMID: 33921341 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The article presents the stress impedance investigation of CoFeNiMoBSi alloy in variation of the applied magnetic field. In order to carry out the study, a specialized stand was developed that allows for loading the sample with stresses and simultaneous action of the DC (direct current) magnetizing field. The tests were carried out for as-cast and Joule annealed samples. The significant influence of the magnetizing field acting on the sample on the stress-impedance results was demonstrated and the dependence of the maximum impedance change in the stress-impedance effect was determined, depending on the field acting. The obtained results are important due to the potential use of the stress-impedance effect for the construction of stress sensors.
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15
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Chiu LY, Hsin IL, Tsai JN, Chen CJ, Ou CC, Wu WJ, Sheu GT, Ko JL. Combination treatment of Src inhibitor Saracatinib with GMI, a Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein, induce synthetic lethality via autophagy and apoptosis in lung cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1148-1157. [PMID: 32686156 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Saracatinib is an oral Src-kinase inhibitor and has been studied in preclinical models and clinical trials of cancer therapy. GMI, a fungal immunomodulatory protein from Ganoderma microsporum, possesses antitumor capacity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of combination treatment with saracatinib and GMI on parental and pemetrexed-resistant lung cancer cells. Cotreatment with saracatinib and GMI induced synergistic and additive cytotoxic effect in A549 and A400 cells by annexin V/propidium iodide assay and combination index. Using western blot assay, saracatinib, and GMI combined treatment synergistically induced caspase-7 activation in A549 cells. Different from A549 cells, saracatinib and GMI cotreatment markedly increased LC3B-II in A400 cells. ATG5 silencing abolished the caspase-7 activation and reduced cell death in A549 cells after cotreatment. This is the first study to provide a novel strategy of treating lung cancer with or without drug resistance via combination treatment with GMI and saracatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yen Chiu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Lun Hsin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ning Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chyn Ou
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jun Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Tarng Sheu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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16
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Oriot P, Hermans MP. "Mind the gap please…": estimated vs. measured A 1c from continuous measurement of interstitial glucose over a 3-month period in patients with type 1 diabetes. Acta Clin Belg 2020; 75:109-115. [PMID: 30596337 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2018.1561780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Glycated hemoglobin (A1c) is the measurement of choice to estimate the glycemic exposure over the last 3 months prior to sampling. The Free Style Libre® is a continuous glucose monitoring device which provides an estimated A1c (eA1c) from average interstitial glucose using Nathan's ADAG equation. The objective of this study was to compare eA1c and A1c in type 1 diabetes patients (T1D) over a period of 3 months.Materials and methods: Data were collected from patient charts between July 2016 and October 2017. 3-months recordings with >70% of data available were analyzed. eA1c was recorded at each visit and the corresponding A1c value measured by high performance liquid chromatography in a single reference lab.Results: A total of 344 reports from 170 T1D were studied, 3 categories were identified: eA1c = A1c: 13% of reports. eA1c > A1c: 57% of reports, positive difference (eA1c - A1c) of +0.74 ± 0.5% (P < 0.0001). eA1c < A1c: 30% of reports, negative difference (eA1c - A1c) of -0.5 ± 0.3% (P < 0.0001).Conclusion: eA1c value was generally overestimated compared to measured A1c in this T1D cohort. This lesser concordance may result from differences in measured glucose source and/or frequency to calculate eA1c compared to ADAG, but also from using the reverse equation which is a source of potential bias. Another explanation could be a different rate of hypoglycemia between groups, or an asymmetric distribution of A1c patients' phenotypes with differential hyper- or hypoglycation intrinsic propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Oriot
- Centre Hospitalier de Mouscron, Service de diabétologie et endocrinologie, Mouscron, Belgium
| | - Michel P Hermans
- Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Service d’Endocrinologie et Nutrition, Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Yu X, Hu Q, Shen M. Provincial Differences and Dynamic Changes in Mariculture Efficiency in China: Based on Super-SBM Model and Global Malmquist Index. Biology (Basel) 2020; 9:E18. [PMID: 31963326 DOI: 10.3390/biology9010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The continued growth in mariculture efficiency in China is vital in ensuring that the country will continue to be the primary source of its own food in the 21st century. A large gap exists between the input and output of mariculture in China’s coastal provinces. Hence, methods to improve mariculture efficiency can be developed by analyzing provincial differences and dynamic changes in mariculture efficiency. These methods are important in solving China’s food security problems. This study uses the super-slacks-based measure model and global Malmquist index to measure the mariculture efficiency scores and their changes in China’s nine coastal provinces from 2004 to 2016. Results suggest that the mariculture efficiencies in Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian, Shandong, and Guangdong are higher than those in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Liaoning, and Hebei. The mariculture efficiency in China increased by 6.45% from 2004 to 2016, and technological progress was the main driving force for this. The authors combine the results with the mariculture characteristics in each province and present the following findings: (1) mariculture scale affects mariculture efficiency; (2) efficient mariculture relies on a good marine ecosystem; (3) policy adjustments significantly affect the development of mariculture; (4) the key to improving mariculture efficiency is enhancing mariculture technology.
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18
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Nowicki M, Gazda P, Szewczyk R, Marusenkov A, Nosenko A, Kyrylchuk V. Strain Dependence of Hysteretic Giant Magnetoimpedance Effect in Co-Based Amorphous Ribbon. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12132110. [PMID: 31262016 PMCID: PMC6651656 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The significant strain dependence of the hysteretic Giant Magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect in a Co67Fe3Cr3B12Si15 amorphous alloy in a low magnetizing field is presented. A simplistic test stand capable of continuous measurements of GMI characteristics under the influence of strain is detailed. Based on the results, a stress-impedance (SI) sensor is proposed, with a gauge factor similar to semiconductor strain gauges but more robust. An effective method of minimizing external magnetic field influence on the SI effect is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Nowicki
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, 02-495 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Gazda
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, 02-495 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Szewczyk
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, 02-495 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anton Nosenko
- V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics of NAS of Ukraine, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Kyrylchuk
- V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics of NAS of Ukraine, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
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19
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Hsin IL, Hsu JC, Wu WJ, Lu HJ, Wu MF, Ko JL. GMI, a fungal immunomodulatory protein from Ganoderma microsporum, induce apoptosis via β-catenin suppression in lung cancer cells. Environ Toxicol 2018; 33:955-961. [PMID: 29974605 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
β-catenin is important in development of lung cancer. In our previous study, GMI, a fungal immunomodulatory protein, inhibits lung cancer cell survival. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of GMI on β-catenin inhibition and apoptosis induction. GMI induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells bearing wild-type and mutated EGFR. GMI did not reduce the β-catenin mRNA expression but suppressed the protein expressions of β-catenin that resulted in the transcriptional downregulation of its target genes: survivin and cyclin-D1. The transcriptional activation activity of β-catenin was demonstrated by TOPFLASH/FOPFLASH luciferase reporter assay. Inhibition of GSK-3β and proteasome blocked the inhibiting effect of GMI on β-catenin and its target genes. β-catenin silencing increased activation of apoptosis in GMI-treated H1355 cells. This is the first study to reveal the novel function of GMI in inducing apoptosis via β-catenin inhibition. These results provide a new potential of GMI in against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Lun Hsin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Inflammation Research & Drug Development Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jun Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Ju Lu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fang Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Lee PH, Hsieh PL, Liao YW, Yu CC. Inhibitory effect of GMI, an immunomodulatory protein from Ganoderma microsporum, on myofibroblast activity and proinflammatory cytokines in human fibrotic buccal mucosal fibroblasts. Environ Toxicol 2018; 33:32-40. [PMID: 28984080 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) has been indicated as one of the oral potentially malignant disorders. Epidemiological studies have attributed this pathological fibrosis to the habit of areca nuts chewing, which causes chronic inflammation and persistent activation of myofibroblasts in the oral cavity. Hence, it is crucial to find an effective intervention to ameliorate inflammation in order to prevent the malignant progression of OSF. In this study, we assessed the anti-inflammatory effect of the immunomodulatory protein, GMI, extracted from Ganoderma microsporum on the expression proinflammatory cytokines and the myofibroblast characteristics in human fibrotic buccal mucosal fibroblasts (fBMFs). Our results demonstrated that the expression level of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were decreased after exposure of GMI and the myofibroblast activities, including collagen gel contraction, migration, invasion, and wound healing abilities were inhibited as well. Furthermore, we confirmed these findings in the arecoline-stimulated BMFs. Consistent with the above findings, the expression of the myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin and other fibrogenic markers, such as type I collagen, fibronectin, and vimentin in fBMFs were all reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our data suggested that GMI suppressed the proinflammatory cytokines and myofibroblast features in fBMFs, and could serve as a promising and natural antifibrosis agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hui Lee
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Liao
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Vázquez JA, Taha MK, Findlow J, Gupta S, Borrow R. Global Meningococcal Initiative: guidelines for diagnosis and confirmation of invasive meningococcal disease. Epidemiol Infect 2016; 144:3052-7. [PMID: 27357022 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268816001308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) is an international group of scientists and clinicians with recognized expertise in meningococcal disease including microbiology, immunology, epidemiology, public health and vaccinology. The GMI was established to promote the global prevention of meningococcal disease through education, research and international cooperation. The GMI held its second summit meeting in 2013 to discuss the different aspects of existing meningococcal immunization programmes and surveillance systems. Laboratory confirmation and characterization were identified as essential for informing evidence-based vaccine implementation decisions. The relative merits of different confirmatory methodologies and their applications in different resource settings were a key component of the discussions. This paper summarizes the salient issues discussed, with special emphasis on the recommendations made and any deficiencies that were identified.
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