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Aoki M, Hayashi H, Rao KV, Das D, Higashi-Kuwata N, Bulut H, Aoki-Ogata H, Takamatsu Y, Yedidi RS, Davis DA, Hattori SI, Nishida N, Hasegawa K, Takamune N, Nyalapatla PR, Osswald HL, Jono H, Saito H, Yarchoan R, Misumi S, Ghosh AK, Mitsuya H. A novel central nervous system-penetrating protease inhibitor overcomes human immunodeficiency virus 1 resistance with unprecedented aM to pM potency. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 29039736 PMCID: PMC5644950 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection/AIDS has significantly extended the life expectancy of HIV-1-infected individuals and reduced HIV-1 transmission at very high rates. However, certain individuals who initially achieve viral suppression to undetectable levels may eventually suffer treatment failure mainly due to adverse effects and the emergence of drug-resistant HIV-1 variants. Here, we report GRL-142, a novel HIV-1 protease inhibitor containing an unprecedented 6-5-5-ring-fused crown-like tetrahydropyranofuran, which has extremely potent activity against all HIV-1 strains examined with IC50 values of attomolar-to-picomolar concentrations, virtually no effects on cellular growth, extremely high genetic barrier against the emergence of drug-resistant variants, and favorable intracellular and central nervous system penetration. GRL-142 forms optimum polar, van der Waals, and halogen bond interactions with HIV-1 protease and strongly blocks protease dimerization, demonstrating that combined multiple optimizing elements significantly enhance molecular and atomic interactions with a target protein and generate unprecedentedly potent and practically favorable agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Aoki
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Medical Technology, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kalapala Venkateswara Rao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Debananda Das
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | | | - Haydar Bulut
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Hiromi Aoki-Ogata
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Ravikiran S Yedidi
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - David A Davis
- Retroviral Disease Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Nishida
- Bioanalysis Group, Drug Metabolism and Analysis Department, Nonclinical Research Center, Drug Development Service Segment, LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hasegawa
- Protein Crystal Analysis Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Innovative Collaboration Organization, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Prasanth R Nyalapatla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Heather L Osswald
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saito
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Robert Yarchoan
- Retroviral Disease Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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