1
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Tonkaev P, Grechaninova E, Iorsh I, Montanarella F, Kivshar Y, Kovalenko MV, Makarov S. Multiscale Supercrystal Meta-atoms. Nano Lett 2024; 24:2758-2764. [PMID: 38407023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Meta-atoms are the building blocks of metamaterials, which are employed to control both generation and propagation of light as well as provide novel functionalities of localization and directivity of electromagnetic radiation. In many cases, simple dielectric or metallic resonators are employed as meta-atoms to create different types of electromagnetic metamaterials. Here, we fabricate and study supercrystal meta-atoms composed of coupled perovskite quantum dots. We reveal that these multiscale structures exhibit specific emission properties, such as spectrum splitting and polaritonic effects. We believe that such multiscale supercrystal meta-atoms will provide novel functionalities in the design of many novel types of active metamaterials and metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Tonkaev
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Evgeniia Grechaninova
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Ivan Iorsh
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Federico Montanarella
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Sergey Makarov
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
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2
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Mallick A, Mendez Lopez RD, Arye G, Cahen D, Visoly-Fisher I. Soil adsorption and transport of lead in the presence of perovskite solar cell-derived organic cations. J Hazard Mater 2023; 451:131147. [PMID: 36893601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite photovoltaics offer a highly efficient and low-cost solar energy harvesting technology. However, the presence of lead (Pb) cations in photovoltaic halide perovskite (HaPs) materials is concerning, and quantifying the environmental hazard of accidental Pb2+ leaching into the soil is crucial for assessing the sustainability of this technology. Pb2+ from inorganic salts was previously found to remain in the upper soil layers due to adsorption. However, Pb-HaPs contain additional organic and inorganic cations, and competitive cation adsorption may affect Pb2+ retention in soils. Therefore, we measured, analyzed by simulations and report the depths to which Pb2+ from HaPs penetrates into 3 types of agricultural soil. Most of the HaP-leached Pb2+ is found to be retained already in the first cm of the soil columns, and subsequent rain events do not induce Pb2+ penetration below the first few cm of soil surface. Surprisingly, organic co-cations from the dissolved HaP are found to enhance the Pb2+ adsorption capacity in clay-rich soil, compared to non-HaP-based Pb2+ sources. Our results imply that installation over soil types with improved Pb2+ adsorption, and removal of only the contaminated topsoil, are sufficient means to prevent ground water contamination by HaP-leached Pb2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Mallick
- Solar Energy Center, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Rene D Mendez Lopez
- Dept. of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Univ., Ramat Gan 52900, Israel; Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Gilboa Arye
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 849900, Israel.
| | - David Cahen
- Dept. of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Univ., Ramat Gan 52900, Israel; Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; Mol. Chem. & Mater. Sci. Dept., Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Iris Visoly-Fisher
- Solar Energy Center, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel.
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3
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Zhao XH, Wang F, Hu DY, Lu LM, Li L, Tang TY, Tang YL. Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the structural, elastic, and optoelectronic properties of vacancy-ordered double perovskite Cs 2PdBr 6. J Mol Model 2022; 28:337. [PMID: 36180751 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The vacancy-ordered double perovskite Cs2PdBr6 has the advantages of good optoelectronic properties, environmental friendliness, and high stability. It has been experimentally confirmed by researchers as an optoelectronic material with broad application prospects and research value, and is regarded as a potential substitute for lead halide perovskites. In this paper, based on the first-principles calculations in the framework of density functional theory, the crystal structure, elastic, electronic, and optical properties of Cs2PdBr6 under hydrostatic pressure of 0-6 GPa have been investigated with a step size of 0.5 GPa. The calculated results obtained under the condition of 0 GPa hydrostatic pressure are in good agreement with the existing experimental values. When the hydrostatic pressure is applied, the crystal structure parameters of Cs2PdBr6 appear nonlinear changes, but it can still maintain a stable cubic crystal structure. With the increase of pressure, the bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Young's modulus of Cs2PdBr6 increase gradually, and its ductility also improves gradually. Hydrostatic pressure can reduce the bandgap value of Cs2PdBr6, thereby enhancing the optoelectronic properties such as absorption and conductivity. In summary, hydrostatic pressure can change the bandgap value of Cs2PdBr6, improve its optoelectronic performance, and make it more suitable for use as the light-absorbing layer in solar cells.
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4
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Janker L, Tong Y, Polavarapu L, Feldmann J, Urban AS, Krenner HJ. Real-Time Electron and Hole Transport Dynamics in Halide Perovskite Nanowires. Nano Lett 2019; 19:8701-8707. [PMID: 31663745 PMCID: PMC6909264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
For optoelectronic devices, high transport mobilities of electrons and holes are desirable, which, moreover, should be close to identical. Acousto-optoelectric spectroscopy is employed to probe the spatiotemporal dynamics of both electrons and holes inside CsPbI3 nanowires. These dynamics are induced without the need for electrical contacts simply by the piezoelectric field of a surface acoustic wave. Its radio frequency of fSAW = 324 MHz natively avoids spurious contributions from ion migration typically occurring in these materials. The observed dynamic modulation of the photoluminescence is faithfully reproduced by solving the drift and diffusion currents of electrons and holes induced by the surface acoustic wave. These calculations confirm that the mobilities of electrons and holes are equal and quantify them to be μe = μh = 3 ± 1 cm2 V-1 s-1. Additionally, carrier loss due to surface recombination is shown to be largely suppressed in CsPbI3 nanowires. Both findings mark significant advantages over traditional compound semiconductors, in particular, GaAs, for applications in future optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. The demonstrated sublifetime modulation of the optical emission may find direct application in switchable perovskite light-emitting devices employing mature surface acoustic wave technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Janker
- Lehrstuhl
für Experimentalphysik 1 and Augsburg Centre for Innovative
Technologies, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, 86179 Augsburg, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstr. 4, 80339 Munich, Germany
| | - Yu Tong
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Königinstr. 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Königinstr. 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Center
for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz
1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Königinstr. 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstr. 4, 80339 Munich, Germany
- Center
for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz
1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander S. Urban
- Nanospectroscopy
Group, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstr. 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstr. 4, 80339 Munich, Germany
- Center
for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz
1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Hubert J. Krenner
- Lehrstuhl
für Experimentalphysik 1 and Augsburg Centre for Innovative
Technologies, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, 86179 Augsburg, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstr. 4, 80339 Munich, Germany
- Center
for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz
1, 80539 Munich, Germany
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5
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Hintermayr V, Lampe C, Löw M, Roemer J, Vanderlinden W, Gramlich M, Böhm AX, Sattler C, Nickel B, Lohmüller T, Urban AS. Polymer Nanoreactors Shield Perovskite Nanocrystals from Degradation. Nano Lett 2019; 19:4928-4933. [PMID: 31322894 PMCID: PMC6892581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have shown impressive advances, exhibiting optical properties that outpace conventional semiconductor NCs, such as near-unity quantum yields and ultrafast radiative decay rates. Nevertheless, the NCs suffer even more from stability problems at ambient conditions and due to moisture than their bulk counterparts. Herein, we report a strategy of employing polymer micelles as nanoreactors for the synthesis of methylammonium lead trihalide perovskite NCs. Encapsulated by this polymer shell, the NCs display strong stability against water degradation and halide ion migration. Thin films comprising these NCs exhibit a more than 15-fold increase in lifespan in comparison to unprotected NCs in ambient conditions and even survive over 75 days of complete immersion in water. Furthermore, the NCs, which exhibit quantum yields of up to 63% and tunability of the emission wavelength throughout the visible range, show no signs of halide ion exchange. Additionally, heterostructures of MAPI and MAPBr NC layers exhibit efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), revealing a strategy for optoelectronic integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena
A. Hintermayr
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Schellingstrasse 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Lampe
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Schellingstrasse 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Nanospectroscopy
Group, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Löw
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Schellingstrasse 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Janina Roemer
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Schellingstrasse 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Soft
Condensed Matter Group, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Willem Vanderlinden
- Chair
for Applied Physics, Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience
(CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Amalienstrasse
54, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Gramlich
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Schellingstrasse 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Nanospectroscopy
Group, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Anton X. Böhm
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Schellingstrasse 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Soft
Condensed Matter Group, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Sattler
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Schellingstrasse 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Soft
Condensed Matter Group, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Bert Nickel
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Schellingstrasse 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Soft
Condensed Matter Group, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Theobald Lohmüller
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Schellingstrasse 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander S. Urban
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Schellingstrasse 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Nanospectroscopy
Group, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
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6
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Mayers MZ, Tan LZ, Egger DA, Rappe AM, Reichman DR. How Lattice and Charge Fluctuations Control Carrier Dynamics in Halide Perovskites. Nano Lett 2018; 18:8041-8046. [PMID: 30387614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we develop a microscopic approach aimed at the description of a suite of physical effects related to carrier transport in, and the optical properties of, halide perovskites. Our theory is based on the description of the nuclear dynamics to all orders and goes beyond the common assumption of linear electron-phonon coupling in describing the carrier dynamics and band gap characteristics. When combined with first-principles calculations and applied to the prototypical MAPbI3 system, our theory explains seemingly disparate experimental findings associated with both the charge-carrier mobility and optical absorption properties, including their temperature dependencies. Our findings demonstrate that orbital-overlap fluctuations in the lead-halide structure plays a significant role in determining the optoelectronic features of halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Z Mayers
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Liang Z Tan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - David A Egger
- Institute of Theoretical Physics , University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
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7
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Kepenekian M, Traore B, Blancon JC, Pedesseau L, Tsai H, Nie W, Stoumpos CC, Kanatzidis MG, Even J, Mohite AD, Tretiak S, Katan C. Concept of Lattice Mismatch and Emergence of Surface States in Two-dimensional Hybrid Perovskite Quantum Wells. Nano Lett 2018; 18:5603-5609. [PMID: 30086221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface states are ubiquitous to semiconductors and significantly impact the physical properties and, consequently, the performance of optoelectronic devices. Moreover, surface effects are strongly amplified in lower dimensional systems such as quantum wells and nanostructures. Layered halide perovskites (LHPs) are two-dimensional solution-processed natural quantum wells where optoelectronic properties can be tuned by varying the perovskite layer thickness n, i.e., the number of octahedra spanning the layer. They are efficient semiconductors with technologically relevant stability. Here, a generic elastic model and electronic structure modeling are applied to LHPs heterostructures with various layer thickness. We show that the relaxation of the interface strain is triggered by perovskite layers above a critical thickness. This leads to the release of the mechanical energy arising from the lattice mismatch, which nucleates the surface reorganization and may potentially induce the formation of previously observed lower energy edge states. These states, which are absent in three-dimensional perovskites are anticipated to play a crucial role in the design of LHPs for optoelectronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaël Kepenekian
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Boubacar Traore
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | | | - Laurent Pedesseau
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, FOTON-UMR 6082 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Hsinhan Tsai
- Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Wanyi Nie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Constantinos C Stoumpos
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Jacky Even
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, FOTON-UMR 6082 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Aditya D Mohite
- Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Claudine Katan
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 , F-35000 Rennes , France
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8
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Tiguntseva EY, Zograf GP, Komissarenko FE, Zuev DA, Zakhidov AA, Makarov SV, Kivshar YS. Light-Emitting Halide Perovskite Nanoantennas. Nano Lett 2018; 18:1185-1190. [PMID: 29365259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoantennas made of high-index dielectrics with low losses in visible and infrared frequency ranges have emerged as a novel platform for advanced nanophotonic devices. On the other hand, halide perovskites are known to possess high refractive index, and they support excitons at room temperature with high binding energies and quantum yield of luminescence that makes them very attractive for all-dielectric resonant nanophotonics. Here we employ halide perovskites to create light-emitting nanoantennas with enhanced photoluminescence due to the coupling of their excitons to dipolar and multipolar Mie resonances. We demonstrate that the halide perovskite nanoantennas can emit light in the range of 530-770 nm depending on their composition. We employ a simple technique based on laser ablation of thin films prepared by wet-chemistry methods as a novel cost-effective approach for the fabrication of resonant perovskite nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Tiguntseva
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - G P Zograf
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - F E Komissarenko
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - D A Zuev
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - A A Zakhidov
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
- University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - S V Makarov
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Yuri S Kivshar
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Australian National University , Canberra, Austrailian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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9
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Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites are emerging as promising candidates for nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. To realize their full potential, it is important to understand the role of those defects that can strongly impact material properties. In contrast to other popular 2D semiconductors (e.g., transition metal dichalcogenides MX2) for which defects typically induce harmful traps, we show that the electronic activities of defects in 2D perovskites are significantly tunable. For example, even with a fixed lattice orientation one can change the synthesis conditions to convert a line defect (edge or grain boundary) from electron acceptor to inactive site without deep gap states. We show that this difference originates from the enhanced ionic bonding in these perovskites compared with MX2. The donors tend to have high formation energies and the harmful defects are difficult to form at a low halide chemical potential. Thus, we unveil unique properties of defects in 2D perovskites and suggest practical routes to improve them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyue Liu
- Materials and Process Simulation Center and ‡The Resnick Sustainability Institute, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Hai Xiao
- Materials and Process Simulation Center and ‡The Resnick Sustainability Institute, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center and ‡The Resnick Sustainability Institute, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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10
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Abstract
Ferroelectricity and band topology are two extensively studied yet distinct properties of insulators. Nonetheless, their coexistence has never been observed in a single material. Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that a noncentrosymmetric perovskite structure of CsPbI3 allows for the simultaneous presence of ferroelectric and topological orders with appropriate strain engineering. Metallic topological surface states create an intrinsic short-circuit condition, helping stabilize bulk polarization. Exploring diverse structural phases of CsPbI3 under pressure, we identify that the key structural feature for achieving a ferroelectric topological insulator is to suppress PbI6 cage rotation in the perovskite structure, which could be obtained via strain engineering. Ferroelectric control over the density of topological surface states provides a new paradigm for device engineering, such as perfect-focusing Veselago lens and spin-selective electron collimator. Our results suggest that CsPbI3 is a simple model system for ferroelectric topological insulators, enabling future studies exploring the interplay between conventional symmetry-breaking and topological orders and their novel applications in electronics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Liu
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science , Washington, DC 20015, United States
| | - Youngkuk Kim
- The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Liang Z Tan
- The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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