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Yin Y, Li J, Zhu S, Chen Q, Chen C, Rui Y, Shang J. Effect of biochar application on rice, wheat, and corn seedlings in hydroponic culture. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:379-390. [PMID: 37778812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, biochar has attracted considerable attention for soil quality improvement and carbon sequestration due to its unique physicochemical properties. However, the mechanism by which biochar application negatively affects the growth of crop seedlings has not been fully investigated. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of rice, wheat, and corn seedlings to biochar application (CK, 0 g/L; BC1, 0.5 g/L; and BC2, 1.0 g/L). Compared with the CK treatment, the BC1 and BC2 treatments decreased the fresh shoot and root weights of rice and corn seedlings (P < 0.05), but there was no significant effect on wheat seedlings (P > 0.05). For the contents of nutrient elements in seedlings, both BC1 and BC2 treatments hindered the roots from absorbing Fe and Cu and increased the uptake of Ca and Mn. Compared with the CK treatment, the translocation factor (TF) values of Ca, Mn, and Zn were significantly decreased especially in rice seedlings (35.3%-36.8%, 68.7%-76.5%, and 29.8%-22.0%, respectively) under the BC1 and BC2 treatments, while only Mn was significantly decreased in wheat and corn seedlings (P < 0.05). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis of root cross-sections showed that nano-sized biochar particles (10∼23 nm) were found in the root cells under BC2 treatment conditions. Our findings reveal that a large amount of biochar application can reduce nutrient absorption and translocation, and hinder rice, wheat, and corn seedlings, particularly rice seedling, in hydroponic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Yin
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jikai Li
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sihang Zhu
- Agricultural Management Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 102208, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chong Chen
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yukui Rui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianying Shang
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
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Sato Y, Miwa T, Inaba T, Akachi T, Tanaka E, Hori T, Murofushi K, Takagi H, Futamata H, Aoyagi T, Habe H. Microbially produced fertilizer provides rhizobacteria to hydroponic tomato roots by forming beneficial biofilms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:7365-7374. [PMID: 37773217 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12794-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydroponic cultivation of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) is important, and high tomato production depends on the use of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers. We had developed a microbial fertilizer (MF), which is mainly composed of nitrate. To investigate the effect of MF on plant growth, hydroponic tomato was grown with MF or commercial inorganic fertilizer (IF), and the microbiomes of the rhizosphere and the liquid phase were analyzed by confocal microscopy and high-throughput sequencing. Plant biomass and biofilm formation were increased by growth in MF compared to IF. The microbial community structures of tomato roots and hydroponic water differed between the two conditions, and three operational taxonomic units (OTUs) dominated in plants grown with MF. The three OTUs were related to Rudaea spp., Chitinophaga spp., and Stenotrophobacter terrae, which are reported to be disease-suppressive epiphytic or endophytic microbes of plant roots. Because these three OTUs also predominated in the MF itself, they were likely provided to the rhizosphere or endophytic environments of tomato roots via hydroponic water. KEY POINTS: • Microbial fertilizer for hydroponic growth enhanced biofilm formation on tomato root. • Microbial fertilizer contains tomato-root epiphytic or endophytic microbes. • Microbial fertilizer provided beneficial microbes to the rhizosphere and endophytic environments of tomato roots via hydroponic water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Sato
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba West, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Teruhiko Miwa
- Department of Eco-Farm, IAI Incorporated, 577-1 Obane, Shimizu, Shizuoka, 424-0103, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Inaba
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba West, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Takuto Akachi
- Department of Eco-Farm, IAI Incorporated, 577-1 Obane, Shimizu, Shizuoka, 424-0103, Japan
| | - Eiji Tanaka
- Department of Eco-Farm, IAI Incorporated, 577-1 Obane, Shimizu, Shizuoka, 424-0103, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hori
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba West, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Keita Murofushi
- Department of Environment and Energy, Industrial Research Institute of Shizuoka Prefecture, 2078 Makigaya, Aoi-Ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 421-1298, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Numazu Technical Support Center, Industrial Research Institute of Shizuoka Prefecture, 3981-1 Ohoka, Numazu, Shizuoka, 410-0022, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Futamata
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8561, Japan
| | - Tomo Aoyagi
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba West, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Habe
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba West, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan.
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Sawatdee S, Jarunglumlert T, Pavasant P, Sakihama Y, Flood AE, Prommuak C. Effect of mixed light emitting diode spectrum on antioxidants content and antioxidant activity of red lettuce grown in a closed soilless system. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:351. [PMID: 37415111 PMCID: PMC10324264 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light spectra have been demonstrated to result in different levels of comfort or stress, which affect plant growth and the availability of health-promoting compounds in ways that sometimes contradict one another. To determine the optimal light conditions, it is necessary to weigh the vegetable's mass against the amount of nutrients it contains, as vegetables tend to grow poorly in environments where nutrient synthesis is optimal. This study investigates the effects of varying light conditions on the growth of red lettuce and its occurring nutrients in terms of productivities, which were determined by multiplying the total weight of the harvested vegetables by their nutrient content, particularly phenolics. Three different light-emitting diode (LED) spectral mixes, including blue, green, and red, which were all supplemented by white, denoted as BW, GW, and RW, respectively, as well as the standard white as the control, were equipped in grow tents with soilless cultivation systems for such purposes. RESULTS Results demonstrated that the biomass and fiber content did not differ substantially across treatments. This could be due to the use of a modest amount of broad-spectrum white LEDs, which could help retain the lettuce's core qualities. However, the concentrations of total phenolics and antioxidant capacity in lettuce grown with the BW treatment were the highest (1.3 and 1.4-fold higher than those obtained from the control, respectively), with chlorogenic acid accumulation (8.4 ± 1.5 mg g- 1 DW) being particularly notable. Meanwhile, the study observed a high glutathione reductase (GR) activity in the plant achieved from the RW treatment, which in this study was deemed the poorest treatment in terms of phenolics accumulation. CONCLUSION In this study, the BW treatment provided the most efficient mixed light spectrum to stimulate phenolics productivity in red lettuce without a significant detrimental effect on other key properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopanat Sawatdee
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wang Chan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Teeraya Jarunglumlert
- Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (Rayong Campus), Ban Khai, Rayong, 21180, Thailand
| | | | - Yasuko Sakihama
- Graduate School/Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Adrian E Flood
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wang Chan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand.
| | - Chattip Prommuak
- Energy Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Souza V, Gimenes RMT, de Almeida MG, Farinha MUS, Bernardo LVM, Ruviaro CF. Economic feasibility of adopting a hydroponics system on substrate in small rural properties. Clean Technol Environ Policy 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37359162 PMCID: PMC10122873 DOI: 10.1007/s10098-023-02529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective is to analyze the economic feasibility of implementing a greenhouse in a hydroponics production system in substrate (sand) on a small family farm as an alternative to hydroponic cultivation using nutrient film technique (NFT). This case study was carried out in the Municipality of Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. The location was specifically selected because of the importance of agricultural activities and the need for productive diversification related to the context of the small rural producer. As a criterion for assessing economic viability, the techniques of net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), modified internal rate of return (MIRR), cost-benefit (C/B), profitability index (PI), equivalent annual value (EAV) and discounted payback (DP) were under consideration. A minimum attractiveness rate adjusted to the risk of emerging countries of 10.25% per year was considered. The viability of the project was verified, even when exposed to risk and uncertainty. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Souza
- Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul Brazil
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Arı B, Öz E, Can SZ, Bakırdere S. Bioaccessibility and bioavailability of selenium species in Se-enriched leeks (Allium Porrum) cultivated by hydroponically. Food Chem 2022; 372:131314. [PMID: 34818737 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Allium genus vegetables are of special interest since being potentially sources for selenium. In this study, the metabolization of selenite and selenate fortification at low and high levels in hydroponically cultivated Allium porrum (Leek) was investigated. The total Se analysis of nutritional solutions which was used in cultivation medium revealed that leeks had potential to accumulate Se above over 1000 mg/kg without any growth disturbance which was proved by comparing dry masses of control group with the ones fortified by Se species. Speciation analyses performed in edible parts which are leaves and stems showed that approximately 90% of total selenium was biotransformed into organo-selenium species in which MeSeCys and SeMet were found to be the most dominant in Se(IV) fortified leeks. However, selenate was found to be the most abundant species in edible parts of selenate fortified leeks especially at high levels. Although bioavailability rate of total selenium in selenate fortified leeks was found to be higher, lower amount of inorganic selenium and higher amount of MeSeCys were found to be bioavailable in Se(IV) fortified.
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Kwon MJ, Hwang Y, Lee J, Ham B, Rahman A, Azam H, Yang JS. Waste nutrient solutions from full-scale open hydroponic cultivation: Dynamics of effluent quality and removal of nitrogen and phosphorus using a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor. J Environ Manage 2021; 281:111893. [PMID: 33434759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydroponic cultivation is revolutionizing agricultural crop production techniques all over the world owing to its minimal environmental footprint, enhanced pest control, and high crop yield. However, waste nutrient solutions (WNS) generated from hydroponic systems contain high concentrations of N and P; moreover, they are discharged into surface and subsurface environments, leading to eutrophication and subsequent ecosystem degradation. In this study, the nutrient concentrations in WNS from 10 hydroponic indoor tomato, capsicum, and strawberry farms (greenhouses) were monitored for up to six months. The concentrations of N and P in WNS discharged from these farms were 48.0-494.0 mg L-1 and 12.7-96.9 mg L-1, respectively, which exceeded the Korean water quality guidelines (40.0 mg L-1 N and 4.0 mg L-1 P) for effluents. These concentrations were varied and dependent on the supplied nutrient concentrations, crop types, and growth stages. In general, the concentrations of N and P were in the following order: tomato > capsicum > strawberry. High N as NO3- and P as PO43- but low organic C in WNS warrant subsequent treatment before discharge. Therefore, this study tested a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system as a potential technology for WNS treatment. The SBR system had BOD, COD, nitrate, and phosphate removal efficiency of 100, 100, 89.5, and 99.8%, respectively. In addition, the SBR system removed other cations such as Ca2+, dissolved Fe, K+, Mg2+, and Na+ and the removal efficiencies of those ions were 48, 67, 18, 14 and 15%, respectively. Lower methanol addition (0.63 mg L-1) and extended aeration (~30 min) improved SBR performance efficiency of C, N, and P removal. Thus, SBR showed significant promise as a treatment alternative to WNS pollutants originating from hydroponic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Jae Kwon
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunho Hwang
- Green School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Han River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Yangpyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Lee
- Green School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School Affairs Team, Gangwon State University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Baknoon Ham
- Green School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hossain Azam
- Civil Engineering, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jung-Seok Yang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
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Sousa GV, Teles VLG, Pereira EG, Modolo LV, Costa LM. Interactions between As and Se upon long exposure time and effects on nutrients translocation in golden flaxseed seedlings. J Hazard Mater 2021; 402:123565. [PMID: 32759002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Se is a beneficial nutrient for some plant species, while As is considered a toxic element, even at low concentrations. This study investigated the interaction between As and Se on golden flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) seedlings to better understand the extent of Se in the mitigation of As uptake and translocation. In addition, co-exposure experiments allowed to determine how As and Se affected absorption and distribution of the essential micronutrients Fe, Zn and Mn. Seedlings were cultivated in a 10 % v v-1 Hoagland solution supplemented with AsV, SeIV, SeVI or AsV + SeIV at different concentrations. SeVI presented the highest toxicity and translocation factor. The toxicity of AsV was attenuated by SeIV, which stimulated As uptake and translocation. SeIV reduced As accumulation, establishing a tolerance mechanism. Only a high concentration of As (200 μmol L-1) led to leaf chlorosis or seedling death, independently of co-exposure with Se species. Co-exposure also altered the uptake of Fe, Zn and Mn, without affecting As translocation from roots to shoot. In general, the interaction of As with Se was beneficial for golden flaxseed seedlings, when compared to the effects of As solely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle V Sousa
- LEAQUAA- Departmento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vânia L G Teles
- LEAQUAA- Departmento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo G Pereira
- LASP- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 35570-00, Florestal, MG, Brazil
| | - Luzia V Modolo
- GEBioPlan -Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Letícia M Costa
- LEAQUAA- Departmento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Lee JY, Yang H, Lee TK, Lee CH, Seo JW, Kim JE, Kim SY, Park JHY, Lee KW. A short-term, hydroponic-culture of ginseng results in a significant increase in the anti-oxidative activity and bioactive components. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1007-12. [PMID: 32577317 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng CA Meyer has a variety of biological effects, including antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Ginseng requires long-term cultivation, but this can be shortened using hydroponic systems to facilitate the commercial development of ginseng as a functional food. However, the characteristics of short-term-cultured (< 30 days) hydroponic ginseng (sHCG) are unclear. We investigated the characteristics of 21-day-cultured sHCG compared 5-year-old normally cultured ginseng. The free radical-scavenging activity and total ginsenoside and phenolic contents were significantly higher in sHCG than in normally cultured ginseng. Fifteen ginsenosides were detected in sHCG, and the concentrations of most were higher in shoots than roots. These findings suggest that 21-day-cultured sHCG, due to its enhanced antioxidant activity and higher concentrations of total phenolics and ginsenosides (including Rd and Re), has potential as a functional food.
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Akiyama H, Nose M, Takiguchi H, Sugiyama K, Tsutsui R, Hisaka S, Fuchino H, Inui T, Kawano N, Taguchi T, Kudo T, Kawahara N, Yoshimatsu K. Mutagenetic and anti-allergic studies for evaluation of extracts of Coptis Rhizome produced by an artificial hydroponic system. J Nat Med 2019; 73:608-613. [PMID: 30847756 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As a part of the investigation of the safety and efficacy of the cultivated Coptis japonica rhizome extracts using an artificial hydroponic cultivation system, the mutagenetic and anti-allergic activities were evaluated. Some extracts of commercial crude drugs of Coptis sp. were also evaluated for the comparison. None of the extracts showed a significant mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA102 by the Ames tests, but all the extracts showed in S. typhimurium TA98. The extracts of the hydroponically cultivated rhizomes showed anti-allergic activities against contact hypersensitivity as well as those of commercial crude drugs of Coptis sp. These results suggested the potential of the hydroponically cultivated rhizomes as one of the alternative sources for the medicinal usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Akiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiko Nose
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Hajime Takiguchi
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sugiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Riho Tsutsui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Hisaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fuchino
- Tsukuba Division, Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0843, Japan
| | - Takayuki Inui
- Tsukuba Division, Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0843, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kawano
- Tsukuba Division, Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0843, Japan
| | - Takaaki Taguchi
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kudo
- Kajima Technical Research Institute, Kajima Corporation, 19-1, Tobitakyu 2-chome, Chofushi, Tokyo, 182-0036, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kawahara
- Tsukuba Division, Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0843, Japan
| | - Kayo Yoshimatsu
- Tsukuba Division, Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0843, Japan
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Akiyama H, Nose M, Ohtsuki N, Hisaka S, Takiguchi H, Tada A, Sugimoto N, Fuchino H, Inui T, Kawano N, Hayashi S, Hishida A, Kudo T, Sugiyama K, Abe Y, Mutsuga M, Kawahara N, Yoshimatsu K. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of Glycyrrhiza uralensis root extracts produced using artificial hydroponic and artificial hydroponic-field hybrid cultivation systems. J Nat Med 2016; 71:265-271. [PMID: 27848205 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots used in this study were produced using novel cultivation systems, including artificial hydroponics and artificial hydroponic-field hybrid cultivation. The equivalency between G. uralensis root extracts produced by hydroponics and/or hybrid cultivation and a commercial Glycyrrhiza crude drug were evaluated for both safety and efficacy, and there were no significant differences in terms of mutagenicity on the Ames tests. The levels of cadmium and mercury in both hydroponic roots and crude drugs were less than the limit of quantitation. Arsenic levels were lower in all hydroponic roots than in the crude drug, whereas mean lead levels in the crude drug were not significantly different from those in the hydroponically cultivated G. uralensis roots. Both hydroponic and hybrid-cultivated root extracts showed antiallergic activities against contact hypersensitivity that were similar to those of the crude drug extracts. These study results suggest that hydroponic and hybrid-cultivated roots are equivalent in safety and efficacy to those of commercial crude drugs. Further studies are necessary before the roots are applicable as replacements for the currently available commercial crude drugs produced from wild plant resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Akiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan.
| | - M Nose
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - N Ohtsuki
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - S Hisaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - H Takiguchi
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - A Tada
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - N Sugimoto
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - H Fuchino
- Tsukuba Division, Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 303-0843, Japan
| | - T Inui
- Tsukuba Division, Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 303-0843, Japan
| | - N Kawano
- Tsukuba Division, Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 303-0843, Japan
| | - S Hayashi
- Hokkaido Division, Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 108-4 Aza Ohashi, Nayoro, Hokkaido, 096-0065, Japan
| | - A Hishida
- Hokkaido Division, Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 108-4 Aza Ohashi, Nayoro, Hokkaido, 096-0065, Japan
| | - T Kudo
- Kajima Technical Research Institute, Kajima Corporation, 19-1, Tobitakyu 2-chome, Chofushi, Tokyo, 182-0036, Japan
| | - K Sugiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Y Abe
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - M Mutsuga
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - N Kawahara
- Tsukuba Division, Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 303-0843, Japan
| | - K Yoshimatsu
- Tsukuba Division, Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 303-0843, Japan
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Lenz H, Dombinov V, Dreistein J, Reinhard MR, Gebert M, Knoop V. Magnesium deficiency phenotypes upon multiple knockout of Arabidopsis thaliana MRS2 clade B genes can be ameliorated by concomitantly reduced calcium supply. Plant Cell Physiol 2013; 54:1118-31. [PMID: 23628997 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant MRS2 membrane protein family members have been shown to play important roles in magnesium uptake and homeostasis. Single and double knockouts for two Arabidopsis thaliana genes, AtMRS2-1 and AtMRS2-5, have previously not shown significant phenotypes even under limiting Mg(2+) supply although both are strongly expressed already in early seedlings. Together with AtMRS2-10, these genes form clade B of the AtMRS2 gene family. We now succeeded in obtaining homozygous AtMRS2-1/10 double and AtMRS2-1/5/10 triple knockout lines after selection under increased magnesium supply. Although wilting early, both new mutant lines develop fully and are also fertile under standard magnesium supply, but show severe developmental retardation under limiting Mg(2+) concentrations. To investigate nutrient dependency of germination and seedling development under various conditions, including variable supplies of Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Zn(2+), Mn(2+), Co(2+), Cd(2+) and Cu(2+), in a reproducible and economical way, we employed a small-scale liquid culturing system in 24-well plate set-ups. This allowed the growth and monitoring of individual plantlets of different mutant lines under several nutritional conditions in parallel, and the scoring and statistical evaluation of developmental stages and biomass accumulation. Detrimental effects of higher concentrations of these elements were similar in mutants and the wild type. However, growth retardation phenotypes seen upon hydroponic cultivation under low Mg(2+) could be ameliorated when Ca(2+) concentrations were concomitantly lowered, supporting indications for an important interplay of these two most abundant divalent cations in the nutrient homeostasis of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Lenz
- Abteilung Molekulare Evolution, IZMB-Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Botanik, Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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Choi SY, Cho CW, Lee Y, Kim SS, Lee SH, Kim KT. Comparison of Ginsenoside and Phenolic Ingredient Contents in Hydroponically-cultivated Ginseng Leaves, Fruits, and Roots. J Ginseng Res 2013; 36:425-9. [PMID: 23717146 PMCID: PMC3659603 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2012.36.4.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, hydroponically-cultivated ginseng leaves, fruits, and roots were respectively extracted with ethanol. The contents of 12 ginsenosides and three phenolics in the extracts were quantitatively analyzed and the free radical scavenging activities were measured and compared. Hydroponically-cultivated ginseng leaves contained higher levels of gensenosides (Rg1, Rg2+Rh1, Rd, and Rg3) and p-coumaric acid than the other parts of the ginseng plants. The 2,2’-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging activities of leaves were also the highest. Accordingly, hydroponically-grown ginseng leaves were shown to hold promise for use as an environmentally-friendly natural anti-oxidant.
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