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Lifestyle habits to prevent the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia: Analysis of Japanese nationwide datasets. Prostate Int 2022; 10:200-206. [PMID: 36570647 PMCID: PMC9747574 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) refers to nonmalignant hyperplasia of prostate tissue, which causes lower urinary tract symptoms and has become a global public health concern in the aging population. The purpose of this study is to identify modifiable factors, which would prevent or delay BPH development. Methods The association between BPH marker drugs and climate-, socioeconomic-, health condition-, and lifestyle habits-related variables was investigated by analyzing nationwide datasets which were collected in 2018, aggregated by prefecture (administrative unit), and published by Japanese ministries. Uroselective α1 receptor blockers and dutasteride were used as marker drugs referring to BPH prevalence. Correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and binomial logistic regression analysis were conducted with 47 Japanese prefectures as the unit. Results The variables which showed |r| > 0.5 by correlation analysis were exercise habits (r = -0.5696), smoking habits (r = 0.6116), and daily drinking (r = 0.6001) for uroselective α1 receptor blockers, and antihypertensive medication (r = 0.5971), smoking habits (r = 0.6598), a small amount of drinking (r = -0.5292), and serum alanine aminotransferase (r = 0.6814) for dutasteride. Multiple linear regression equations were constructed by including these variables (R 2 = 0.5453 for uroselective α1 receptor blockers and R 2 = 0.5673 for dutasteride). Binomial logistic regression analysis found a significant association between climate in the resident area and BPH development. Conclusion This ecological study, analyzing Japanese nationwide datasets, demonstrates that healthy lifestyle habits, especially avoidance of smoking, implementation of exercise in daily life, and a small amount of alcohol consumption, are important to prevent or delay BPH development. High blood pressure and high serum alanine aminotransferase are suggested as risk factors of BPH development.
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Key Words
- ALT, serum alanine aminotransferase
- BMI, body mass index
- BP, blood pressure
- BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- Ccr, creatinine clearance
- Climate
- HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HbA1c, hemoglbinA1c
- Health condition
- LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Lifestyle habits
- MHLW, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
- NDB, National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups
- Socioeconomic variable
- VIF, variance inflation factor
- eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate
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Improvement initiative in LDL-C management in Saudi Arabia: A call to action. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2020; 31:100667. [PMID: 33145395 PMCID: PMC7596183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death in the Saudi Arabia (KSA). Over the last decade dyslipidemia has been the predominant risk factor in KSA. The linear relationship between low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, a marker for dyslipidemia, and progression of ASCVD is well established. The objective of this paper is to to provide an overview of the burden of disease, outline current clinical practice guidelines (CPG), examine gaps in care, and provide actionable recommendations to prevent, diagnose, and treat dyslipidemia in KSA. RESULTS Saudi Arabia has the highest prevalence of ASCVD in the Gulf region. Several gaps in the implementation of CPGs, including the underdiagnosis and undertreatment of dyslipidemia, inadequate primary and secondary prevention efforts, complicated by a fragmented health system have been identified. Compelling evidence indicates that target LDL-C levels are not achieved throughout the Middle East region. In addition, high-risk patients are often left unidentified with adequate treatment. CONCLUSION This statement recommends specific multilevel interventions to optimize the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of ASCVD. These recommendations focus on strengthening primary and secondary prevention through education initiatives, establishment of specialized prevention and treatment centers, and development of local and regional CPGs.
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Characterization of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1b2 knockout rats generated by CRISPR/Cas9: a novel model for drug transport and hyperbilirubinemia disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:850-860. [PMID: 32528832 PMCID: PMC7276679 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 and 1B3 (OATP1B1/3) as important uptake transporters play a fundamental role in the transportation of exogenous drugs and endogenous substances into cells. Rat OATP1B2, encoded by the Slco1b2 gene, is homologous to human OATP1B1/3. Although OATP1B1/3 is very important, few animal models can be used to study its properties. In this report, we successfully constructed the Slco1b2 knockout (KO) rat model via using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology for the first time. The novel rat model showed the absence of OATP1B2 protein expression, with no off-target effects as well as compensatory regulation of other transporters. Further pharmacokinetic study of pitavastatin, a typical substrate of OATP1B2, confirmed the OATP1B2 function was absent. Since bilirubin and bile acids are the substrates of OATP1B2, the contents of total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, and total bile acids in serum are significantly higher in Slco1b2 KO rats than the data of wild-type rats. These results are consistent with the symptoms caused by the absence of OATP1B1/3 in Rotor syndrome. Therefore, this rat model is not only a powerful tool for the study of OATP1B2-mediated drug transportation, but also a good disease model to study hyperbilirubinemia-related diseases.
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Key Words
- A/G, albumin/globulin ratio
- ADRs, adverse drug reactions
- ALB, albumin
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- AUC, the area under the time–plasma concentration curve
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CL/F, clearance/bioavailability
- CR, reatinine
- CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- CRISPR/Cas9
- Chr, chromosome
- Cmax, peak concentration
- DAB, 3,3′-diaminobenzidine
- DBL, direct bilirubin
- DDI, drug–drug interaction
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- FDA, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GLB, globulin
- GLU, glucose
- HCG, human chorionic gonadotropin
- HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HE, haemotoxylin and eosin
- HMG, hydroxymethylglutaryl
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- HZ, heterozygous
- IBIL, indirect bilirubin
- IS, internal standard solution
- KO, knockout
- LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- MC, methylcellulose
- MRT, mean residence time
- NC, nitrocellulose
- OATP1B1/3
- OATP1B1/3, organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 and 1B3
- OATP1B2
- OATPs, organic anion transporting polypeptides
- PAM, protospacer adjacent motif
- PMSG, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin
- R-GT, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase
- Rat model
- SD, Sprague–Dawley
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SLC, solute carrier
- SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- T-CH, total cholesterol
- T7E I, T7 endonuclease I
- TALEN, transcription activator-like effector nuclease
- TBA, total bile acid
- TBL, total bilirubin
- TBST, Tris-buffered saline Tween 20
- TG, triglyceride
- TP, total protein
- Tmax, peak time
- Transporter
- UA, uric acid
- Ugt1a1, UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1
- Vd/F, the apparent volume of distribution/bioavailability
- WT, wild type
- ZFN, zinc-finger nucleases
- crRNA, mature CRISPR RNA
- p.o., peroral
- sgRNA, single guide RNA
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Temporal trends in lipid testing among children and adolescents: A population based study. Prev Med Rep 2017; 8:267-272. [PMID: 29204335 PMCID: PMC5705799 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unfavorable lipid levels during childhood are associated with subsequent development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The American Academy of Pediatrics and National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in 2011 recommended universal lipid screening for children between ages 9–11 years and between ages 17–21 years. The objective of the study was to determine temporal trends in lipid testing among children and young adults in a mid-western population. The Rochester Epidemiology Project database was used to identify lipid testing in ages 2–21 years (n = 51,176) in the Olmsted County population from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2014. Generalized estimating equations with Poisson distribution were used to test for temporal trends in lipid testing across the age groups. There was modest increase in lipid testing in children in the age groups, 9–11 years and 17–21 years (1.5% in 2008 to 2.2% in 2014, P < 0.001 and 4.4% in 2008 to 4.6% in 2014, P = 0.02, respectively). There was a significant decrease in proportion of 17–21 year olds with elevated total cholesterol (16.2% in 2008 to 11.6% in 2014; P = 0.01) and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (22.6% in 2008 to 12.6% in 2014; P < 0.001). In this population-based study, rates of lipid testing increased minimally only in the last six years. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to improve guideline dissemination and address attitudes, practices and barriers to lipid testing in children and young adults. In 2011, universal lipid screening was recommended for children and young adults. We investigated temporal trends in lipid testing in a mid-western community. There was only a minimal increase in rates of lipid testing. There is need for improve guideline dissemination and implementation.
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Key Words
- ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
- Children
- Dyslipidemia
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Hypercholesterolemia
- LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Lipids
- NCEP, National Cholesterol Education Program
- NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- NHLBI, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- REP, Rochester Epidemiology Project
- Screening
- TC, total cholesterol
- mg/dL, milligrams/deciliters
- non-HDL-C, non high density lipoprotein cholesterol
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Obesity anthropometric indicators associated with cardiometabolic risk in Portuguese children and adolescents. Prev Med Rep 2017; 8:158-162. [PMID: 29057209 PMCID: PMC5643080 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the association between cardiometabolic risk with body mass index and skinfold independently or in combination in youth. This cross-sectional study comprised a convenience sample of 450 children and adolescents (255 girls), aged 10 to 18 years old. Indicators of body composition were measured, and hemodynamic assessment completed. The association between body mass index and/or sum of skinfolds and cardiometabolic risk (z score of the sum of triglycerides/high density lipoprotein cholesterol, waist circumference, and mean blood pressure), was calculated using Generalized Linear Models Regression. The results showed that youngsters classified as overweight or obese with the highest skinfold measurements had the strongest association with cardiometabolic risk (< beta >: 2.60; IC 95%: 2.25–3.0) when compared with those exhibiting normal skinfold thickness (< beta >: 1.78; IC 95%: 1.30–2.20). Body mass index was most strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk (< beta >: 1.78; IC 95%: 1.3–2.2), in comparison to skinfold thickness, which was associated to a lesser extent (< beta >: 0.41; IC 95%: 0.34–0.49). Results of this cross-sectional study indicate that body mass index is more strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk than skinfold thickness. However when these two measures of overweight/obesity are combined, prediction of cardiometabolic risk is further improved. It is therefore important that public health professionals consider both body mass index and sum of skinfolds to better predict cardiometabolic risk in overweight and obese youth. Implications for future research include the use of longitudinal designs and inclusion of children from other racial/ethnic groups. Body mass index and skinfold improved the prediction of cardiometabolic risk. Body mass index seems to be the best indicator of cardiometabolic risk factors. Anthropometric indicators are cost-effective screening of overweight/obesity.
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Key Words
- BMI, body mass index
- Body mass index
- CM, cardiometabolic
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- ESKF, average of skinfolds
- HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Health
- LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- MAP, mean arterial pressure
- OW/OB, overweight/obese
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- SKF, skinfolds
- Skinfold
- TG, triglycerides
- WC, waist circumference
- WHtR, waist-to-height ratio
- Youngsters
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ADIPOQ single nucleotide polymorphism: Association with adiponectin and lipoproteins levels restricted to men. Meta Gene 2015; 5:98-104. [PMID: 26137445 PMCID: PMC4484719 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine inversely correlated with obesity, which has beneficial effect on insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. Considering its potential as a therapeutic target in the metabolic disorder contexts, and in order to add knowledge in the area, our study evaluated the ADIPOQ 276G > T polymorphism effect on adiponectin levels, and on lipoproteins of clinical interest in a population sample composed of 211 healthy individuals. Significant effects were observed only among men: the carriers of heterozygous genotype (GT) showed high levels of adiponectin (p = 0.018), while the rare homozygous genotype (TT) gave its carriers a negative phenotype, represented by higher levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 0.004 and p = 0.005) and total cholesterol (TC) (p = 0.010 and p = 0.005) compared to carriers of other genotypes (GG and GT respectively), the independent effect of SNP on LDL-C and TC levels was confirmed by multiple regression analysis (p = 0.008 and p = 0.044). We found no evidence of correlation between circulating adiponectin levels and biochemical markers, which suggests, therefore, an SNP 276G > T independent effect on adiponectin levels and on lipoprotein metabolism in men enrolled in this study.
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Key Words
- 276G > T SNP
- ADIPOQ gene
- AMPK, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- Adiponectin
- BMI, body mass index
- ELISA, enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay
- GWA study, genome-wide association study
- Gender effect
- HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HL, hepatic lipase
- IDL, intermediate density lipoproteins
- LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LDLR, LDL-C receptor
- LPL, lipoprotein lipase
- Lipid metabolism
- SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- VLDL, very low density lipoproteins
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Association of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome components in type 2 diabetic Egyptian patients. Meta Gene 2014; 2:540-56. [PMID: 25606437 PMCID: PMC4287888 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To date the published data concerning the possible interplay between vitamin D (VitD) and Vit D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism with the immune/inflammatory mediators in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is insufficient. Some of the immune non-classical actions of vitamin D may point to its role in the pathogenesis of type 2 DM through down-regulation of cytokines (IL-6). Although there is evidence to support a relationship among vitamin D status, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance, the underlying mechanism requires further exploration. We aimed to investigate the role of vitamin D in chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in type 2 DM. Moreover, to examine the association of VDR gene polymorphisms [VDR 2228570 C > T (FokI); VDR 1544410 A > G (BsmI)] with the components of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) in type 2 diabetic Egyptian patients . Subjects and methods A total of 190 subjects were enrolled in this study, 60 controls and 130 type 2 diabetic patients (Group II). Group II was subdivided into 63 patients without MetSyn (subgroup IIa) and 67 patients with MetSyn (subgroup IIb). Genetic analysis for VDR gene polymorphisms was done in all subjects. VitD and IL-6 plasma levels were estimated. Results The TT genotype for the VDR FokI was significantly more frequent in subgroup IIb than in subgroup IIa and controls (X2 = 6.83, P = 0.03 and X2 = 16.592, P = 0.000) respectively. The T allele was more frequent in the MetSyn group as compared to diabetics without MetSyn (p = 0.001), odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI for the T allele of C > T (FokI) = 2.30 (1.37–3.86). We did not detect any significant difference in VDR BsmI genotypes between patients and control groups (P = 0.947). FokI VDR was significantly associated with the lipid profile parameters, VitD and IL-6 plasma levels in subgroup IIa and associated with HOMA-IR, insulin, VitD, IL-6 levels, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) in subgroup IIb while BsmI VDR variant was associated only with VitD values in both subgroups. Conclusion The present study suggests an interaction between VDR polymorphisms and important components of MetSyn, VitD and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6). FokI VDR polymorphisms may be linked to mild inflammation and insulin resistance and might represent a genetic determinant for developing MetSyn in type 2 diabetic Egyptian patients. The challenge is determining the mechanisms of VitD action for recommendation of VitD supplementation that reduces the risks of MetSyn, insulin resistance and progression to type 2 diabetes.
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Key Words
- BMI, body mass index
- CI, confidence intervals
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- FPI, fasting plasma insulin
- HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HOMA, Homeostasis of Metabolic Assessment
- HPLC, High performance liquid chromatography
- HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin
- IL-6, interleukin -6
- IRS, insulin receptor substrates
- Insulin resistance
- Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
- LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- MetSyn, metabolic syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
- NHANES III, National Health and Examination Survey
- OR, odds ratio
- PGs, pro-inflammatory prostaglandins
- PTH, parathyroid hormone
- Polymorphisms
- Pro-inflammatory cytokines
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- SD, standard deviation
- SOCS, suppressors of cytokine signaling
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)
- VDR, Vit D receptor
- VitD, Vitamin D
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin D Receptor gene
- WC, waist circumference
- X2, Chi-square
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Investigation of the monocyte diapedesis-related LFA-1 and JAM-A gene variants in Turkish coronary heart disease patients. Meta Gene 2013; 2:1-10. [PMID: 25606383 PMCID: PMC4287794 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background LFA-1/JAM-A interaction plays a significant role in early steps of leukocyte transendothelial migration (diapedesis) which takes part in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. In this population-based case–control study, the frequencies of JAM-A rs790056 and LFA-1 rs8058823 gene polymorphisms in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and healthy subjects were investigated and the correlations between the different genotypes and cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed. Methods The JAM-A and LFA-1 genotypes were determined in 153 patients with CHD and 124 controls by PCR–RFLP assay. Results In CHD patient group, the frequency of JAM-A rs790056 TT genotype and the frequency of T allele were higher when compared with the control group (p = 0.03 and p = 0.007,respectively). In patient groups, the frequency of LFA-1 rs8058823 AA genotype was higher (p = 0.000), and the frequency of AG genotype was lower when compared with the control group (p = 0.031). In the control group, LFA-1 rs8058823 G allele carriers had higher SBP than subjects with AA genotype (p = 0.038), whereas in the CHD patient group, G allele carriers had lower DBP than subjects with AA genotype (p = 0.007). The multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that the JAM-A rs790056 TT genotype (OR = 2.472, p = 0.045) and LFA-1 rs8058823 AA genotype (OR = 6.751, p = 0.000) were risk factors for CHD development. Conclusion These results suggest that the wild type genotypes and alleles of JAM-A rs790056 (TT genotype and T allele) and LFA-1 rs8058823 (AA genotype and A allele) were found to be risk factors for CHD, whereas rare genotypes and alleles were found to be higher in healthy controls thus being protective. JAM-A common genotype and allele were more frequent in CHD group than controls. LFA-1 common genotype was more frequent in CHD group than controls. LFA-1 rare allele had lower DBP than subjects with common genotype. JAM-A and LFA-1 common genotypes were risk factors for CHD development.
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Key Words
- 3′UTR, 3′-untranslated region
- BMI, body mass index
- CHD, coronary heart disease
- CI, confidence interval
- Coronary heart disease
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- Diapedesis
- HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HWE, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
- JAM-A
- JAM-A, junctional adhesion molecule-A
- LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LFA-1
- LFA-1, leukocyte function-associated antigen-1
- LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy
- OR, odds ratio
- PCR-RFLP, polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism
- Polymorphism
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- VLDL-C, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol
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