1
|
Equihua Martinez G, Del Moreno Castillo MC, Lindner AK, Gargala G, Cessot G, van de Werve C, Caumes E, Harms G, Aurbach U, Kampmann B, Buffet P, Melenotte C. Surge in Imported Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Cases from Mexico in 2023: A Case Series. J Travel Med 2024:taae051. [PMID: 38578988 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In Europe, American cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania mexicana is a rare imported disease. A series of six cases in 2023 is a noteworthy escalation at our institutions compared to the past two decades. This surge is likely linked to an increase of cases and environmental changes in South-Eastern Mexico.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Equihua Martinez
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Center for Global Health, Institute of International Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andreas K Lindner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Center for Global Health, Institute of International Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gilles Gargala
- Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Mycology Department, University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | | | - Eric Caumes
- Hôtel Dieu, Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gundel Harms
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Center for Global Health, Institute of International Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Aurbach
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Center for Global Health, Institute of International Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Center for Global Health, Institute of International Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Buffet
- Centre Médical de l'Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre d'Infectiologie Necker Pasteur, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Cléa Melenotte
- Centre Médical de l'Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre d'Infectiologie Necker Pasteur, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Masiyiwa T, Bockarie MJ. Ending lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis in Africa: Reasons for hope. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 140:102-103. [PMID: 38280664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Moses John Bockarie
- College of Medical Sciences, Njala University, Bo Campus, Sierra Leone; International Society for Infectious Diseases.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yirgu R, Middleton J, Fekadu A, Davey G, Bremner S, Jones CI, Cassell JA. No secondary impact of ivermectin mass drug administration for onchocerciasis elimination on the prevalence of scabies in northwestern Ethiopia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2024; 118:110-117. [PMID: 37665766 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass drug administration (MDA) is among the five major strategies that are currently in use to control, eliminate or eradicate Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). Optimising MDA to control multiple NTDs maximises impact. The objective of this study is to estimate the secondary impact of ivermectin MDA for onchocerciasis on the prevalence of scabies. METHODS This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Ayu Guagusa district, northwestern Ethiopia. Scabies prevalence was estimated in surveys before the MDA, at 6 and 12 months afterwards. The sample size was 1437 people from a panel of 381 randomly selected study households. Multistage sampling was employed in randomly selecting six kebeles (the lowest administrative unit) with respective gotes (small villages) and households. All members of the selected households were invited to participate in the study and participants who were available in all three surveys formed a cohort. RESULTS Scabies prevalence was similar prior to the MDA (13.4%, 95% CI 11.7 to 15.2%) and 6 months after (11.7%, 95% CI 10.1 to 13.2%) but was substantially greater at 12 months (22.1%, 95% CI 20.1 to 24.1%). The 6-month incidence and disappearance rates were 10.8% (95% CI 8.8 to 13.2%) and 82.6% (95% CI 75.0 to 88.6%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Ivermectin MDA for onchocerciasis was not observed to have a secondary impact on the prevalence of scabies over the follow-up period of 12 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robel Yirgu
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Neglected Tropical Diseases, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, 9086, Ethiopia
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT)-Africa, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, 9086, Ethiopia
| | - Jo Middleton
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Neglected Tropical Diseases, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
| | - Abebaw Fekadu
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Neglected Tropical Diseases, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT)-Africa, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, 9086, Ethiopia
| | - Gail Davey
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Neglected Tropical Diseases, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, 9086, Ethiopia
| | - Stephen Bremner
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Neglected Tropical Diseases, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
| | - Christopher Iain Jones
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
| | - Jackie A Cassell
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Neglected Tropical Diseases, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nacife MBPESL, Siqueira LMV, Barbosa KF, Vianna VN, Masioli CZ, da Silva JC, Zicker F, Coelho PMZ, Katz N, Machado-Coelho GLL. Prevalence of helmintic infections in Brazilian Maxakali indigenous: a repeated cross-sectional design. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:18. [PMID: 38302951 PMCID: PMC10832216 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of intestinal parasites is known to be high among Amerindian populations; further, there are serious problems in the healthcare of these populations in Brazil. The Maxakali, located in the northeastern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil, is an indigenous group that still preserves many of its cultural aspects. This study aimed to compare the positivity rate of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in this ethnic group in epidemiological surveys conducted in 1972 and 2014. METHODS Stool parasitological examinations were performed by the Kato-Katz technique during both periods in this population. In 2014, the parasitological diagnosis was also realized with the TF-Test® technique. RESULTS In 1972, 270 inhabitants were examined. The positivity rates were 67.4% for Schistosoma mansoni, 72.9% for hookworms, 43.7% for Ascaris lumbricoides, and 23.7% for Trichuris trichiura. In 2014, 545 individuals were examined, and the positivity rates obtained were 45.7% for S. mansoni, 22.8% for hookworms, 0.6% for A. lumbricoides, and 2.8% for T. trichiura. CONCLUSIONS The comparison of the parasitological surveys conducted in 1972 and 2014, indicates that the indigenous Maxakali remained neglected by the health and indigenous protection authorities during these four decades. The infection rate observed in 2014 for schistosomiasis and hookworm remains high, considering the current epidemiological view of these diseases in the Brazilian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatriz Pena E Silva Leite Nacife
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Escola de Medicina, Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Rua Dois s/n, sala 203, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, CEP 35402-145, Brasil
| | | | - Keila Furbino Barbosa
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Escola de Medicina, Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Rua Dois s/n, sala 203, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, CEP 35402-145, Brasil
| | - Valeska Natiely Vianna
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Escola de Medicina, Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Rua Dois s/n, sala 203, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, CEP 35402-145, Brasil
| | - Cássio Zumerle Masioli
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Escola de Medicina, Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Rua Dois s/n, sala 203, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, CEP 35402-145, Brasil
| | - Jaime Costa da Silva
- Ministério da Saúde, Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena/Minas Gerais-Espírito Santo, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | | | - Naftale Katz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Escola de Medicina, Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Rua Dois s/n, sala 203, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, CEP 35402-145, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
AQUARON R, LUND P, BAKER C. [A case for the inclusion of oculocutaneous albinism as a skin-related Neglected Tropical Disease]. Med Trop Sante Int 2023; 3:mtsi.v3i4.2023.434. [PMID: 38390024 PMCID: PMC10879893 DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v3i4.2023.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is genetically transmitted. In this paper we advocate for this disease to be included in the NTD list of the WHO. OCA type 2 is the most common form of albinism in sub-Saharan Africa, with a prevalence of 1 in 7900 among the Bamileke of Cameroon, 1 in 3900 in South Africa and 1 in 1100 among the Ibos of Nigeria, as compared to a prevalence of 1 in 10,000 among African Americans and 1 in 36,000 among White Americans and Europeans. The medical problems related to ophthalmological aspects (poor visual acuity, ametropia, nystagmus, photophobia) and dermatological aspects of albinism (sensitivity to UV rays from the sun and development of skin cancers) are well known. However, their management is often challenging for persons with albinism in sub-Saharan Africa because of their financial burden and the difficulty of accessing medical specialists. In many African countries, persons with albinism are also very often the subject of social, cultural, medical, moral and economic discrimination, which can limit their access to education, employment and community life. They are considered 'white Africans', intermediary and incomplete, with innate powers for good and evil. This particularity has made persons with albinism the targets of mutilations and/or ritual attacks for the purposes of using their body parts in the preparation of charms to bring good luck, health or prosperity. On 13 June 2013, as a result of lobbying by the Canadian NGO Under the Same Sun and African albinism associations, United Nations bodies including UNESCO and the WHO (World Health Organization) responded and a Resolution addressing the discrimination and attacks was voted in. The date has since become International Albinism Awareness Day and is celebrated on a different theme each year with great energy and impact, especially by French, English and Portuguese speaking albinism associations across sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015 the Human Rights Council created the position of Independent Expert on Albinism to better collect and analyse data on the rights of persons with albinism around the world, and especially in countries where ritual attacks occur. The data collected by albinism associations and the authorities thus go directly to the UN Human Rights Directorate. Despite this international attention to the attacks on persons with albinism, one of the biggest threats is skin cancer, which very often leads to early death. In 2022, the WHO launched a strategic framework for the control and management of neglected skin-related neglected tropical diseases - an additional reason to include oculocutaneous albinism as an NTD. Although the focus is currently limited to dermatoses of an infectious nature, we argue here for the integration of oculocutaneous albinism among NTDs because the deadliness of these carcinomas in sub-Saharan Africa is well-known and has been examined in a number of medical publications. Here, we propose that oculocutaneous albinism in sub-Saharan Africa be classified as an NTD to help people with albinism have access to health, economic, social and cultural rights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert AQUARON
- Faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Patricia LUND
- Department of Biomolecular and Sports Science, Coventry University, Royaume-Uni
| | - Charlotte BAKER
- Department of Languages and Cultures, Lancaster University, Royaume-Uni
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Eaton J, Afolaranmi T, Tsaku P, Nwefoh E, Ode P, Baird T, Sunday P, Obindo T. Integration of services for Neglected Tropical Diseases and mental health in Nigeria: development of a practical model informed by international recommendations, contextual factors and service-user perspectives. Int Health 2023; 15:iii47-iii58. [PMID: 38118161 PMCID: PMC10732674 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health care is now recognised as essential for people affected by NTDs, but accessible services are rare. This paper presents results of a prevalence study for depression and anxiety among people living with leprosy and lymphatic filariasis, and collation of user perspectives on needs and priorities for a new service. METHODS Prevalence of mental conditions was carried out with 141 people living with leprosy and lymphatic filariasis and matched controls. Those who screened positive for depression or anxiety were interviewed in a qualitative study to understand their experiences of living with the conditions, and what their priorities would be for services and support. Results contributed to the process of developing a contextually adapted collaborative care model for implementation in the primary care system in Nigeria, using a Theory of Change approach. RESULTS We found high rates of depression, anxiety, and reduced wellbeing, with strong correlation across measures. The qualitative study revealed experiences of stigma and exclusion, and concern for financial and economic needs, and a desire for provision of free services and support for livelihoods. CONCLUSION Services should be designed with good understanding of local needs and service user priorities. CONTEXTE Les soins de santé mentale sont désormais reconnus comme essentiels pour les personnes touchées par les MTN, mais les services accessibles sont rares. Cet article présente les résultats d'une étude de prévalence de la dépression et de l'anxiété chez les personnes vivant avec la lèpre et la filariose lymphatique, ainsi que la collecte des points de vue des utilisateurs sur les besoins et les priorités d'un nouveau service. MÉTHODES UTILISÉES Une étude de prévalence des troubles mentaux a été menée auprès de 141 personnes vivant avec la lèpre et la filariose lymphatique et de témoins appariés. Celles qui ont été dépistées positives pour la dépression ou l'anxiété ont été interrogées dans le cadre d'une étude qualitative afin de comprendre leur expérience de la vie avec ces maladies et leurs priorités en matière de services et de soutien. Les résultats ont contribué au processus d'élaboration d'un modèle de soins collaboratifs adapté au contexte et destiné à être mis en œuvre dans le système de soins primaires au Nigeria, à l'aide d'une approche fondée sur la théorie du changement. RÉSULTATS Nous avons constaté des taux élevés de dépression, d'anxiété et de diminution du bien-être, avec une forte corrélation entre les mesures. L'étude qualitative a révélé des expériences de stigmatisation et d'exclusion, des préoccupations concernant les besoins financiers et économiques, ainsi qu'un désir de services gratuits et de soutien aux moyens de subsistance. CONCLUSION Les services doivent être conçus en tenant compte des besoins locaux et des priorités des utilisateurs. ANTECEDENTES Actualmente se reconoce que la atención de salud mental es esencial para las personas afectadas por ETD, pero los servicios accesibles son escasos. los servicios accesibles son escasos. Este documento presenta los resultados de un estudio de prevalencia de depresión y ansiedad entre las personas que viven con lepra y filariasis linfática, y las perspectivas de los usuarios sobre las necesidades y prioridades de un nuevo servicio. MÉTODOS Se realizó un estudio de prevalencia de trastornos mentales con 141 personas que vivían con lepra y filariasis linfática y controles emparejados. Los que dieron positivo en depresión o ansiedad fueron entrevistados en un estudio cualitativo para conocer sus de vivir con estas enfermedades y cuáles serían sus prioridades en cuanto a servicios y apoyo. servicios y apoyo. Los resultados contribuyeron al proceso de desarrollo de un modelo de atención para su aplicación en el sistema de atención primaria de Nigeria, utilizando un enfoque basado en la Teoría del Cambio. RESULTADOS Encontramos altas tasas de depresión, ansiedad y reducción del bienestar, con una fuerte correlación entre las medidas. correlación entre las medidas. El estudio cualitativo reveló experiencias de estigmatización y de estigmatización y exclusión, preocupación por las necesidades financieras y servicios gratuitos y apoyo a los medios de subsistencia. CONCLUSIÓN Los servicios deben diseñarse teniendo en cuenta las necesidades locales y las prioridades de los usuarios de los usuarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Eaton
- CBM Global, and Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | | | - Paul Tsaku
- The Leprosy Mission Nigeria, Fort Royal Homes Estate, 12 King's Drive, 900102 Lugbe, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Emeka Nwefoh
- CBM Global Country Office, 8 Huambo Crescent, Wuse 7, 904101 Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Philip Ode
- CBM Global Country Office, 8 Huambo Crescent, Wuse 7, 904101 Abuja, Nigeria
- CBM UK, Cambridge, CB5 8HY, UK
| | | | - Pius Sunday
- The Leprosy Mission Nigeria, Fort Royal Homes Estate, 12 King's Drive, 900102 Lugbe, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo Obindo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Jos, Plateau State 930001, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tan S, Machrumnizar M. Fish and Food-Fatale: Food-borne Trematode Opisthorchis viverrini and Cholangiocarcinoma. Helminthologia 2023; 60:287-299. [PMID: 38222491 PMCID: PMC10787637 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are a group of communicable diseases with a long history with human beings. NTDs are the proxy of poverty since they affect those in low-income and extreme-poverty populations, as those populations lack access to proper health care, clean water, sanitary conditions, and hygiene. NTDs create losses for a nation that come from the health and the economic sectors as well since the costs of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strain the national purse strings. One of the 20 different forms of NTDs on the list is food-borne trematodes, comprises of Fasciola, Paragonimus, Clonorchis, and Opisthorchis. Currently, it is estimated that food-borne trematodes can cause a devastating effect on mortality and morbidity. All of them are zoonotic, as humans become infected by ingestion of a second intermediate host, such as freshwater snails, fish, or water vegetables. Opisthorchis viverrini, one of the food-borne trematodes that can be found mostly in South East Asia regions, especially in the Mekong basin, is regarded as a group 1 carcinogen leading to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). This study aims to present the updated review of Opisthorchis viverrini and CCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Tan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta11440, Indonesia
- Tropical Diseases and Public Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta11440, Indonesia
| | - M. Machrumnizar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta11440, Indonesia
- Tropical Diseases and Public Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta11440, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dos Santos Nascimento IJ, Santana Gomes JN, de Oliveira Viana J, de Medeiros E Silva YMS, Barbosa EG, de Moura RO. The Power of Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Their Applications to Discover Cysteine Protease Inhibitors. Mini Rev Med Chem 2023:MRMC-EPUB-134235. [PMID: 37680157 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230901152257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
A large family of enzymes with the function of hydrolyzing peptide bonds, called peptidases or cysteine proteases (CPs), are divided into three categories according to the peptide chain involved. CPs catalyze the hydrolysis of amide, ester, thiol ester, and thioester peptide bonds. They can be divided into several groups, such as papain-like (CA), viral chymotrypsin-like CPs (CB), papain-like endopeptidases of RNA viruses (CC), legumain-type caspases (CD), and showing active residues of His, Glu/Asp, Gln, Cys (CE). The catalytic mechanism of CPs is the essential cysteine residue present in the active site. These mechanisms are often studied through computational methods that provide new information about the catalytic mechanism and identify inhibitors. The role of computational methods during drug design and development stages is increasing. Methods in Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) accelerate the discovery process, increase the chances of selecting more promising molecules for experimental studies, and can identify critical mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology and molecular pathways of action. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are essential in any drug discovery program due to their high capacity for simulating a physiological environment capable of unveiling significant inhibition mechanisms of new compounds against target proteins, especially CPs. Here, a brief approach will be shown on MD simulations and how the studies were applied to identify inhibitors or critical information against cysteine protease from several microorganisms, such as Trypanosoma cruzi (cruzain), Trypanosoma brucei (rhodesain), Plasmodium spp. (falcipain), and SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro). We hope the readers will gain new insights and use our study as a guide for potential compound identifications using MD simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor José Dos Santos Nascimento
- Cesmac University Center, Pharmacy Department, Maceió 57051-160, Brazil
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Joilly Nilce Santana Gomes
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Jéssika de Oliveira Viana
- Post-graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Yvnni Maria Sales de Medeiros E Silva
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Euzébio Guimarães Barbosa
- Post-graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Olimpio de Moura
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Owusu L, Tuwor RD, Ackam N, Loglo A, Agbavor B, Agbanyo A, Dornu O, Antwi PB, Oppong MN, Adjei JK, Frimpong V, Abass MK, Novignon J, Asiedu K, Laryea DO, Amoako YA, Phillips RO. Role and capacity needs of community based surveillance volunteers in the integrated management of skin neglected tropical diseases (skin NTDs): a qualitative study from central Ghana. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1086. [PMID: 37280609 PMCID: PMC10243008 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16015-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community Based Surveillance Volunteers (CBSVs) have been instrumental in the management of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) but a concern that their services in scale up programmes may be affected due to high attrition rates has been widely acknowledged. We explored the roles and capacity needs of existing CBSVs to inform for a successful integrated NTD management programme in Ghana and similar contexts. METHODS We conducted qualitative interviews with 50 CBSVs, 21 Community Nurses, 4 Disease control officers, 7 skin NTD researchers, 2 skin NTD patients and a Director of District Health Services in Central Ghana. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and coded prior to translation and thematic analysis. RESULTS The roles of CBSVs in NTD management were shown to have an impact on disease identification, surveillance, health seeking behaviours and status of CBSVs. Lack of motivation, inadequate structures for engagement of CBSVs within the health system and delayed management of reported cases were identified as gaps that hinder effective delivery of CBSV roles. Provision of incentives as recognition for the unpaid services rendered by CBSVs was seen as a major factor to reduce the rate of CBSV attrition in this scale up programme. Other factors included the formulation of policies by government to guide CBSV engagement, regular training of CBSV in NTD management as well as provision of resources and logistics. CONCLUSION Measures including continuous training, institution of rewards and incentivization are important for ensuring the sustainability of CBSVs in the provision of skin NTD services in Ghana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Owusu
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ruth Dede Tuwor
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Nancy Ackam
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Aloysius Loglo
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Bernadette Agbavor
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Abigail Agbanyo
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Olivia Dornu
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Philemon Boasiako Antwi
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Michael Ntiamoah Oppong
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jonathan Kofi Adjei
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Venus Frimpong
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Jacob Novignon
- Department of Economics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | - Yaw Ampem Amoako
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Richard Odame Phillips
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rupprecht CE, Mshelbwala PP, Reeves RG, Kuzmin IV. Rabies in a postpandemic world: resilient reservoirs, redoubtable riposte, recurrent roadblocks, and resolute recidivism. Anim Dis 2023; 3:15. [PMID: 37252063 PMCID: PMC10195671 DOI: 10.1186/s44149-023-00078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabies is an ancient disease. Two centuries since Pasteur, fundamental progress occurred in virology, vaccinology, and diagnostics-and an understanding of pathobiology and epizootiology of rabies in testament to One Health-before common terminological coinage. Prevention, control, selective elimination, and even the unthinkable-occasional treatment-of this zoonosis dawned by the twenty-first century. However, in contrast to smallpox and rinderpest, eradication is a wishful misnomer applied to rabies, particularly post-COVID-19 pandemic. Reasons are minion. Polyhostality encompasses bats and mesocarnivores, but other mammals represent a diverse spectrum of potential hosts. While rabies virus is the classical member of the genus, other species of lyssaviruses also cause the disease. Some reservoirs remain cryptic. Although global, this viral encephalitis is untreatable and often ignored. As with other neglected diseases, laboratory-based surveillance falls short of the notifiable ideal, especially in lower- and middle-income countries. Calculation of actual burden defaults to a flux within broad health economic models. Competing priorities, lack of defined, long-term international donors, and shrinking local champions challenge human prophylaxis and mass dog vaccination toward targets of 2030 for even canine rabies impacts. For prevention, all licensed vaccines are delivered to the individual, whether parenteral or oral-essentially 'one and done'. Exploiting mammalian social behaviors, future 'spreadable vaccines' might increase the proportion of immunized hosts per unit effort. However, the release of replication-competent, genetically modified organisms selectively engineered to spread intentionally throughout a population raises significant biological, ethical, and regulatory issues in need of broader, transdisciplinary discourse. How this rather curious idea will evolve toward actual unconventional prevention, control, or elimination in the near term remains debatable. In the interim, more precise terminology and realistic expectations serve as the norm for diverse, collective constituents to maintain progress in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Rupprecht
- College of Forestry, Wildlife & Environment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Philip P. Mshelbwala
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - R. Guy Reeves
- Max Planck Institut Für Evolutionsbiologie, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Ivan V. Kuzmin
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mostafavi E, Ghasemian A, Abdinasir A, Nematollahi Mahani SA, Rawaf S, Salehi Vaziri M, Gouya MM, Minh Nhu Nguyen T, Al Awaidy S, Al Ariqi L, Islam MM, Abu Baker Abd Farag E, Obtel M, Omondi Mala P, Matar GM, Asghar RJ, Barakat A, Sahak MN, Abdulmonem Mansouri M, Swaka A. Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2001-2018. Int J Health Policy Manag 2022; 11:1286-1300. [PMID: 33904695 PMCID: PMC9808364 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2021.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) are predisposed to highly contagious, severe and fatal, emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), and re-emerging infectious diseases (RIDs). This paper reviews the epidemiological situation of EIDs and RIDs of global concern in the EMR between 2001 and 2018. METHODS To do a narrative review, a complete list of studies in the field was we prepared following a systematic search approach. Studies that were purposively reviewed were identified to summarize the epidemiological situation of each targeted disease. A comprehensive search of all published studies on EIDs and RIDs between 2001 and 2018 was carried out through search engines including Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. RESULTS Leishmaniasis, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are reported from all countries in the region. Chikungunya, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), dengue fever, and H5N1 have been increasing in number, frequency, and expanding in their geographic distribution. Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), which was reported in this region in 2012 is still a public health concern. There are challenges to control cholera, diphtheria, leishmaniasis, measles, and poliomyelitis in some of the countries. Moreover, Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever (AHF), and Rift Valley fever (RVF) are limited to some countries in the region. Also, there is little information about the real situation of the plague, Q fever, and tularemia. CONCLUSION EIDs and RIDs are prevalent in most countries in the region and could further spread within the region. It is crucial to improve regional capacities and capabilities in preventing and responding to disease outbreaks with adequate resources and expertise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Mostafavi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abubakar Abdinasir
- Infectious Hazards Management, World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Seyed Alireza Nematollahi Mahani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salman Rawaf
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Mostafa Salehi Vaziri
- Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Research Centre for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Gouya
- Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tran Minh Nhu Nguyen
- Infectious Hazards Management, World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Lubna Al Ariqi
- Infectious Hazards Management, World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Md. Mazharul Islam
- Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality and Environment, Doha, Qatar
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Majdouline Obtel
- Laboratory of Community Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Peter Omondi Mala
- Infectious Hazards Management, World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghassan M. Matar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut & Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana Jawad Asghar
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Global Health Strategists & Implementers (GHSI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amal Barakat
- Infectious Hazards Management, World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Nadir Sahak
- Infectious Hazard Management Department, World Health Organization, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Mariam Abdulmonem Mansouri
- Communicable Diseases Control Department, Public Health Directorate Unit, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Alexandra Swaka
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
García-Bernalt Diego J, Fernández-Soto P, Márquez-Sánchez S, Santos Santos D, Febrer-Sendra B, Crego-Vicente B, Muñoz-Bellido JL, Belhassen-García M, Corchado Rodríguez JM, Muro A. SMART-LAMP: A Smartphone-Operated Handheld Device for Real-Time Colorimetric Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases via Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:bios12060424. [PMID: 35735571 PMCID: PMC9221248 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid amplification diagnostics offer outstanding features of sensitivity and specificity. However, they still lack speed and robustness, require extensive infrastructure, and are neither affordable nor user-friendly. Thus, they have not been extensively applied in point-of-care diagnostics, particularly in low-resource settings. In this work, we have combined the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology with a handheld portable device (SMART-LAMP) developed to perform real-time isothermal nucleic acid amplification reactions, based on simple colorimetric measurements, all of which are Bluetooth-controlled by a dedicated smartphone app. We have validated its diagnostic utility regarding different infectious diseases, including Schistosomiasis, Strongyloidiasis, and COVID-19, and analyzed clinical samples from suspected COVID-19 patients. Finally, we have proved that the combination of long-term stabilized LAMP master mixes, stored and transported at room temperature with our developed SMART-LAMP device, provides an improvement towards true point-of-care diagnosis of infectious diseases in settings with limited infrastructure. Our proposal could be easily adapted to the diagnosis of other infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan García-Bernalt Diego
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.)
| | - Pedro Fernández-Soto
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.)
- Correspondence: (P.F.-S.); (A.M.); Tel.: +34-677596173 (ext. 6861) (P.F.-S.)
| | - Sergio Márquez-Sánchez
- BISITE Research Group, University of Salamanca, Calle Espejo s/n. Edificio Multiusos I+D+i, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (D.S.S.); (J.M.C.R.)
- Air Institute, IoT Digital Innovation Hub (Spain), 37188 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniel Santos Santos
- BISITE Research Group, University of Salamanca, Calle Espejo s/n. Edificio Multiusos I+D+i, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (D.S.S.); (J.M.C.R.)
| | - Begoña Febrer-Sendra
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.)
| | - Beatriz Crego-Vicente
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.)
| | - Juan Luis Muñoz-Bellido
- Microbiology and Parasitology Service, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Moncef Belhassen-García
- Internal Medicine Service, Infectious Diseases Section, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Juan M. Corchado Rodríguez
- BISITE Research Group, University of Salamanca, Calle Espejo s/n. Edificio Multiusos I+D+i, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (D.S.S.); (J.M.C.R.)
- Air Institute, IoT Digital Innovation Hub (Spain), 37188 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antonio Muro
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.)
- Correspondence: (P.F.-S.); (A.M.); Tel.: +34-677596173 (ext. 6861) (P.F.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Itoh S, Kouadio K, Didier KY, Ugai K, Yao KA, Yotsu RR. Evaluation of the Usability of a Mobile Application on Neglected Skin Diseases in Côte d'Ivoire: A Pilot Study. Stud Health Technol Inform 2022; 290:972-976. [PMID: 35673164 DOI: 10.3233/shti220225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the usability of a mobile phone-based system, "eSkinHealth", for healthcare providers in Côte d'Ivoire. The eSkinHealth can be used both online and offline to address the poor Internet connectivity of these rural settings. Data recorded in the mobile application were synchronized with an online database, and specialists in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire and in Japan advised local healthcare providers on difficult cases. In this pilot study, 21 healthcare providers used the eSkinHealth and completed questionnaires assessing the usability. The average score of a system usability scale for eSkinHealth was 84.2 (SD 11.7), which can be interpreted as excellent. The average registration for patient information (e.g., name, sex, age, area of residence) was 8.6 (SD 15.5). Further studies with more targeted areas and participants are needed to evaluate the usability of eSkinHealth in rural Côte d'Ivoire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Itoh
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kouame Kouadio
- Department of Environmental health, Institut Pasteur of Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Kazuko Ugai
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Rie Roselyne Yotsu
- School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Dermatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fimbo AM, Minzi OM, Mmbando BP, Gurumurthy P, Kamuhabwa AAR, Aklillu E. Safety and Tolerability of Ivermectin and Albendazole Mass Drug Administration in Lymphatic Filariasis Endemic Communities of Tanzania: A Cohort Event Monitoring Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050594. [PMID: 35631420 PMCID: PMC9147720 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ivermectin and albendazole (IA) combination preventive chemotherapy to all at-risk populations is deployed to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Although safety monitoring is imperative, data from Sub-Saharan Africa is scarce. We conducted a large-scale active safety surveillance of adverse events (AEs) following IA mass drug administration (MDA) to identify the type, incidence, and associated risk factors in Tanzania. After recording sociodemographic, clinical, and medical histories, 9640 eligible residents received single-dose IA combination preventive chemotherapy. Treatment-associated AEs were actively monitored through house-to-house visits on day 1, day 2, and day 7 of MDA. Events reported before and after MDA were cross-checked and verified to identify MDA-associated AEs. 9288 participants (96.3%) completed the seven-day safety follow-up, of whom 442 reported 719 MDA-associated AEs. The incidence of experiencing one or more type of MDA-associated AE was 4.8% (95% CI = 4.3−5.2%); this being significantly higher among those with Pre-MDA clinical events than those without (8.5% versus 4.1%, p < 0.001). AEs were mild (83.8%), moderate (15.9%), and severe (0.3%), and most resolved within 72 h. The incidence of experiencing one, two, ≥ three types of AEs were 2.8%, 1.3%, and 0.6%, respectively. The most common AEs were headache (1.23%), drowsiness (1.15%), fever (1.12%), and dizziness (1.06%). A chronic illness, or clinical manifestation of lymphatic filariasis, or being female or pre-existing clinical symptoms were independent significant predictors of AEs. IA combination preventive chemotherapy is safe and tolerable, and associated AEs are mild-to-moderate and transient, with few severe AEs. Safety monitoring during MDA campaigns in individuals with underlying clinical conditions is recommended for timely detection and management of AEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Fimbo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden;
- Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority (TMDA), Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 77150, Tanzania
| | - Omary Mashiku Minzi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 65013, Tanzania; (O.M.M.); (A.A.R.K.)
| | - Bruno P. Mmbando
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Center, Tanga P.O. Box 5004, Tanzania;
| | - Parthasarathi Gurumurthy
- Pharmacovigilance and Clinical Trials, Botswana Medicines Regulatory Authority, Gaborone 999106, Botswana;
| | - Appolinary A. R. Kamuhabwa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 65013, Tanzania; (O.M.M.); (A.A.R.K.)
| | - Eleni Aklillu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden;
- Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority (TMDA), Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 77150, Tanzania
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The economic impact of schistosomiasis and the underlying tradeoffs between water resources development and public health concerns have yet to be quantified. Schistosomiasis exerts large health, social and financial burdens on infected individuals and households. While irrigation schemes are one of the most important policy responses designed to reduce poverty, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, they facilitate the propagation of schistosomiasis and other diseases. METHODS We estimate the economic impact of schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso via its effect on agricultural production. We create an original dataset that combines detailed household and agricultural surveys with high-resolution geo-statistical disease maps. We develop new methods that use the densities of the intermediate host snails of schistosomiasis as instrumental variables together with panel, spatial and machine learning techniques. RESULTS We estimate that the elimination of schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso would increase average crop yields by around 7%, rising to 32% for high infection clusters. Keeping schistosomiasis unchecked, in turn, would correspond to a loss of gross domestic product of approximately 0.8%. We identify the disease burden as a shock to the agricultural productivity of farmers. The poorest households engaged in subsistence agriculture bear a far heavier disease burden than their wealthier counterparts, experiencing an average yield loss due to schistosomiasis of between 32 and 45%. We show that the returns to water resources development are substantially reduced once its health effects are taken into account: villages in proximity of large-scale dams suffer an average yield loss of around 20%, and this burden decreases as distance between dams and villages increases. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a rigorous estimation of how schistosomiasis affects agricultural production and how it is both a driver and a consequence of poverty. It further quantifies the tradeoff between the economics of water infrastructures and their impact on public health. Although we focus on Burkina Faso, our approach can be applied to any country in which schistosomiasis is endemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Rinaldo
- Department of Economics and Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), University of Exeter, Exeter, England.
| | - Javier Perez-Saez
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Penelope Vounatsou
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Arcand
- Department of International Economics, The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland.,Fondation pour les études et recherches sur le développement international (FERDI), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Goodwin CED, Léchenne M, Wilson-Aggarwal JK, Koumetio SM, Swan GJF, Moundai T, Ozella L, McDonald RA. Seasonal fishery facilitates a novel transmission pathway in an emerging animal reservoir of Guinea worm. Curr Biol 2021:S0960-9822(21)01609-2. [PMID: 34910949 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exploitation of natural resources is a driver of human infectious disease emergence. The emergence of animal reservoirs of Guinea worm Dracunculus medinensis, particularly in domestic dogs Canis familiaris, has become the major impediment to global eradication of this human disease. 93% of all Guinea worms detected worldwide in 2020 were in dogs in Chad. Novel, non-classical pathways for transmission of Guinea worm in dogs, involving consumption of fish, have been hypothesized to support the maintenance of this animal reservoir. We quantified and analyzed variation in Guinea worm emergence in dogs in Chad, across three climatic seasons, in multiple villages and districts. We applied forensic stable isotope analyses to quantify dietary variation within and among dogs and GPS tracking to characterize their spatial ecology. At the end of the hot-dry season and beginning of the wet season, when fishing by people is most intensive, Guinea worm emergence rates in dogs were highest, dogs ate most fish, and fish consumption was most closely associated with disease. Consumption of fish by dogs enables a non-classical transmission pathway for Guinea worm in Chad. Seasonal fisheries and the facilitation of dogs eating fish are likely contributing to disease persistence and to this key impediment to human disease eradication. Interrelated natural resource use, climatic variation, companion animal ecology, and human health highlight the indispensability of One Health approaches to the challenges of eradicating Guinea worm and other zoonotic diseases.
Collapse
|
17
|
Barth TFE, Casulli A. Morphological Characteristics of Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis Lesions in Human Liver and Bone. Pathogens 2021; 10:1326. [PMID: 34684275 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among echinococcoses diseases of human interest, two have a global public health impact: cystic and alveolar echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and Echinococcus multilocularis, respectively. Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis are neglected infectious diseases epidemiologically and are clinically vastly different with distinct microscopic features. Because of the rareness of these zoonotic diseases, pathologists have limited diagnostic experience in the analysis of the lesions caused by Echinococcus tapeworms. Here, we describe the main microscopic features to be considered to characterize these lesions: laminated layer, central necrosis, growth pattern, and delineation from adjacent tissue. Moreover, immunohistology using monoclonal antibodies is of great diagnostic help in reaching a definitive diagnosis by identifying the laminated body and small particles of E. multilocularis (spems) and small particles of E. granulosus (spegs).
Collapse
|
18
|
Banze L, Madureira AC, Zacarias BC, Nhacupe N, Mascaro-Lazcano C, Benson CA, Schooley RT, Noormahomed EV. Coinfection of HIV-1 with Schistosoma spp. and with Intestinal Parasites in Patients Attending Boane Health Center, Maputo Province, Mozambique. EC Microbiol 2021; 17:3-16. [PMID: 36649459 PMCID: PMC9836084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background It is hypothesized that schistosomiasis and intestinal parasites increase susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and enhance AIDS progression by immunomodulation. This study aims to compare the prevalence and risk factors for schistosomiasis and intestinal parasites in HIV-1 infected and uninfected persons and to evaluate the association between HIV-1 induced immunosuppression and risk factors for parasite infection. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Boane Health Center in Boane village, Maputo Province from April to June 2017 in 280 patients aged over 5 years. From each of 140 HIV-1 infected or 140 HIV-1 uninfected persons, demographic and clinical data were collected as well as one stool and urine sample for parasitological analysis. All stool samples were processed using direct wet mount and Ritchie method for detection of common parasites, and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining techniques to identify Cryptosporidium spp., Cystoisospora belli and Cyclospora spp. oocysts from children stools. The urine was sedimented and analyzed for S. haematobium eggs detection. Results The overall prevalence of parasitism in the study population was 46.8% (131/280). Fifty six percent of the HIV-1 infected persons (78/140) were infected by at least one parasite compared to 38% (53/140 of the HIV-1 uninfected persons (odds ratio [OR] 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-3.3).Further, HIV-1 infected persons were more likely to be infected by S. mansoni (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.8-15.8) when compared to HIV-1 uninfected person and HIV-1 infected women were more likely to be infected by S. mansoni (OR 6.7 CI 95% 1.8-22.8%) when compared to HIV-1 uninfected women (p< 0.001). HIV-1 serostatus (OR 7.0, 95% CI 1.5-31.2). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that HIV-1 infected status (OR=1.813575), the use of river or lake as water sources either for drinking (OR=7.289245) or domestic chores (OR=9.16205) were significant risk factor for parasitic infection. Partcipants with secondary and higher school (OR=0.379) were less likely to have a parasitic infection compared with primary school or illiterate participants. Conclusions It is possible that the a high prevalence of schistosomiais and intestinal parasites in this region plays an important role on the transmission and pathogenesis of HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Banze
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
- Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Borges Cerveja Zacarias
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
- Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Noémia Nhacupe
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
- Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Constance A Benson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Robert T Schooley
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Emilia Virginia Noormahomed
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
- Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research, Maputo, Mozambique
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, University of California, San Diego, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Oswald WE, Kennedy DS, Farzana J, Kaliappan SP, Atindegla E, Houngbégnon P, Chisambi A, Witek-McManus S, Galagan SR, Emmanuel-Fabula M, Gwayi-Chore MC, Legge H, Yard E, Kalua K, Ibikounlé M, Ajjampur SSR, Means AR, Ásbjörnsdóttir KH, Halliday KE, Walson JL. Development and application of an electronic treatment register: a system for enumerating populations and monitoring treatment during mass drug administration. Glob Health Action 2021; 13:1785146. [PMID: 32666905 PMCID: PMC7480461 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1785146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed an electronic treatment register for the DeWorm3 Project, a cluster-randomised, controlled trial in Benin, India, and Malawi testing the feasibility of interrupting transmission of soil-transmitted helminths through community-wide mass drug administration. The electronic treatment register was designed in xlsform, deployed via the SurveyCTO mobile data collection platform, and implemented on smartphones running the Android operating system. The versatile system enables collection of census and treatment status information, facilitates data aggregation and visualisation, and permits real-time feedback loops during implementation of mass drug administration. Here we describe the system’s design and use within the DeWorm3 Project and key features, and by sharing the register here, we hope our readers will further explore its use within their research and disease-control activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William E Oswald
- DeWorm3, Division of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum , London, UK.,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London, UK
| | - David S Kennedy
- DeWorm3, Division of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum , London, UK.,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London, UK
| | - Jasmine Farzana
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College , Vellore, India
| | | | - Eloic Atindegla
- Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin (IRCB) , Calavi, Benin
| | | | - Alvin Chisambi
- Blantyre Institute for Community Outreach, Lions Sight First Eye Hospital , Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Stefan Witek-McManus
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London, UK
| | - Sean R Galagan
- DeWorm3, Division of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum , London, UK.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mira Emmanuel-Fabula
- DeWorm3, Division of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum , London, UK.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marie-Claire Gwayi-Chore
- DeWorm3, Division of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum , London, UK.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hugo Legge
- DeWorm3, Division of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum , London, UK.,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London, UK
| | - Elodie Yard
- DeWorm3, Division of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum , London, UK
| | - Khumbo Kalua
- Blantyre Institute for Community Outreach, Lions Sight First Eye Hospital , Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Moudachirou Ibikounlé
- Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin (IRCB) , Calavi, Benin.,Département de Zoologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi , Cotonou, Benin
| | - Sitara Swarna Rao Ajjampur
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College , Vellore, India
| | - Arianna Rubin Means
- DeWorm3, Division of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum , London, UK.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristjana H Ásbjörnsdóttir
- DeWorm3, Division of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum , London, UK.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katherine E Halliday
- DeWorm3, Division of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum , London, UK.,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London, UK
| | - Judd L Walson
- DeWorm3, Division of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum , London, UK.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hillyer JF. Parasites and Parasitology in this SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 World: An American Society of Parasitologists Presidential Address. J Parasitol 2021; 106:859-868. [PMID: 33450760 DOI: 10.1645/20-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the worst global health crises of this generation. The core of this pandemic is the rapid transmissibility of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, its high morbidity and mortality, and the presence of infectious asymptomatic carriers. As a result, COVID-19 has dominated this year's headlines and commanded significant research attention. As we consider SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential that scientists, governments, the media, and the general population also come to grips with the everyday cost of parasitic diseases. Plasmodium (malaria), schistosomes, filarial worms, hookworms, Ascaris, whipworms, and other protozoan and metazoan parasites take a tremendous toll on local communities. Yet, because most of these diseases are no longer endemic to developed countries, their research and intervention are not funded at levels that are proportional to their global morbidity and mortality. The scientific and public health communities must indeed vigorously fight SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, but while doing so and beyond, it will be essential to demonstrate steadfast resolve toward understanding and combating the parasitic diseases that for centuries have haunted humankind.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julián F Hillyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Molyneux DH, Aboe A, Isiyaku S, Bush S. COVID-19 and neglected tropical diseases in Africa: impacts, interactions, consequences. Int Health 2020; 12:367-372. [PMID: 32725145 PMCID: PMC7443717 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David H Molyneux
- Emeritus Professor, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Agatha Aboe
- Global Trachoma Coordinator, Sightsavers, PO Box KIA 18190, Airport, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sunday Isiyaku
- Country Director Ghana and Nigeria, Sightsavers, 1 Golf Course Road, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Simon Bush
- Director, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Sightsavers, PO Box KIA 18190, Airport, Accra, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wilson-Aggarwal JK, Goodwin CED, Swan GJF, Fielding H, Tadesse Z, Getahun D, Odiel A, Adam A, Marshall HH, Bryant J, Zingeser JA, McDonald RA. Ecology of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) as a host for Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis) infection in Ethiopia. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:531-542. [PMID: 32615005 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The global programme for the eradication of Guinea worm disease, caused by the parasitic nematode Dracunculus medinensis, has been successful in driving down human cases, but infections in non-human animals, particularly domestic dogs (Canis familiaris), now present a major obstacle to further progress. Dog infections have mainly been found in Chad and, to a lesser extent, in Mali and Ethiopia. While humans classically acquire infection by drinking water containing infected copepods, it has been hypothesized that dogs might additionally or alternatively acquire infection via a novel pathway, such as consumption of fish or frogs as possible transport or paratenic hosts. We characterized the ecology of free-ranging dogs living in three villages in Gog woreda, Gambella region, Ethiopia, in April-May 2018. We analysed their exposure to potential sources of Guinea worm infection and investigated risk factors associated with infection histories. The home ranges of 125 dogs and their activity around water sources were described using GPS tracking, and the diets of 119 dogs were described using stable isotope analysis. Unlike in Chad, where Guinea worm infection is most frequent, we found no ecological or behavioural correlates of infection history in dogs in Ethiopia. Unlike in Chad, there was no effect of variation among dogs in their consumption of aquatic vertebrates (fish or frogs) on their infection history, and we found no evidence to support hypotheses for this novel transmission pathway in Ethiopia. Dog owners had apparently increased the frequency of clean water provision to dogs in response to previous infections. Variations in dog ranging behaviour, owner behaviour and the characteristics of natural water bodies all influenced the exposure of dogs to potential sources of infection. This initial study suggests that the classical transmission pathway should be a focus of attention for Guinea worm control in non-human animals in Ethiopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecily E D Goodwin
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - George J F Swan
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Helen Fielding
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | | | | | - Anyaro Odiel
- Public Health Emergency Management Guinea Worm Focal Point, Gog Woreda Health Office, Pugnido, Ethiopia
| | - Alamo Adam
- Public Health Emergency Management Guinea Worm Focal Point, Gog Woreda Health Office, Pugnido, Ethiopia
| | - Harry H Marshall
- Centre for Research in Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Jessica Bryant
- Centre for Research in Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | | | - Robbie A McDonald
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lopes MJ, da Silva ET, Ca J, Gonçalves A, Rodrigues A, Mandjuba C, Nakutum J, D'Alessandro U, Achan J, Logan J, Bailey R, Last A, Walker S, Marks M. Perceptions, attitudes and practices towards scabies in communities on the Bijagós Islands, Guinea-Bissau. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2020; 114:49-56. [PMID: 31722016 PMCID: PMC6974396 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trz102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scabies is highly endemic among impoverished populations and has been recently included in the WHO's list of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Community support and behavioural changes are essential for the success of control interventions. This study aimed to explore beliefs, prevention attitudes and healthcare-seeking behaviours towards scabies in the Bijagós Archipelago of Guinea-Bissau. METHODS Data were collected through two methods. Community key informants (community members, community health workers, healthcare workers and traditional healers) were interviewed using snowball sampling. A questionnaire covering perceptions, attitudes and practices was administered to community members using random cluster sampling. Thematic analysis of qualitative data was applied to identify themes. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data analysis. RESULTS There was a satisfactory awareness about scabies, but perceptions about disease causation and transmission were imprecise. Misconceptions about personal hygiene as the primary measure for scabies prevention were recurrent. Some participants recognised the importance of early treatment to interrupt transmission. Treatment of close contacts was not considered important. Costs were the main determining factor for treatment choice between traditional healer and the local health centre. Late presentation and delayed treatment were common and associated with poverty and stigmatisation. Scabies impaired quality of life by affecting social interactions, health, fitness to work and school attendance. CONCLUSIONS There is a need to improve education, recognition, management and affordable access to treatment. Community education, healthcare workers' training and skin NTD integrated control programmes should address the challenges highlighted in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Lopes
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, IC 19, 2720-276 Amadora, Portugal
| | | | - Janete Ca
- Region Sanitaria Bolama-Bijagós, Bubaque, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Adriana Gonçalves
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | | | - Cristóvão Mandjuba
- Ministry of Public Health, Avenida Unidade Africana, 26, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Jose Nakutum
- Region Sanitaria Bolama-Bijagós, Bubaque, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Umberto D'Alessandro
- MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara P.O. Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Jane Achan
- MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara P.O. Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - James Logan
- Disease Control Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - Robin Bailey
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Anna Last
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Steve Walker
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael Marks
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Veale CGL, Laming D, Swart T, Chibale K, Hoppe HC. Exploring the Antiplasmodial 2-Aminopyridines as Potential Antitrypanosomal Agents. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:2034-2041. [PMID: 31670464 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently we reported the results of a screen of the Pathogen Box in which we identified 4-(2-amino-5-(4-(methylsulfonyl) phenyl) pyridin-3-yl)-2-methoxyphenol (MMV010576, 1) as our priority antitrypanosomal hit. This compound had previously been identified as a potent and selective antiplasmodial agent, where a focused optimization campaign, resulted in a medium-sized library of compounds, with favorable drug-like properties, one of which (MMV048, 2, 5-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-6'-(trifluoromethyl)-[3,3'-bipyridin]-2-amine) is currently undergoing clinical trials for malaria. Accordingly, we investigated this library, in order to elucidate structural activity relationship details of this class of compounds as inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei. Our study has identified several structural features important for antitrypanosomal activity, which are distinct from those required for antiplasmodial activity. Results from this study can be exploited to develop potent antitrypanosomal agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clinton G L Veale
- School of Chemistry and Physics Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | | | - Tarryn Swart
- Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D) South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vaca HR, Celentano AM, Macchiaroli N, Kamenetzky L, Camicia F, Rosenzvit MC. Histone deacetylase enzymes as potential drug targets of Neglected Tropical Diseases caused by cestodes. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2019; 9:120-132. [PMID: 30897528 PMCID: PMC6426703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cestode parasites cause neglected diseases, such as echinococcosis and cysticercosis, which represent a significant problem in human and animal health. Benzimidazoles and praziquantel are the only available drugs for chemotherapy and it is therefore important to identify new alternative drugs against cestode parasites. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are validated drug targets for the treatment of cancer and other diseases, including neglected diseases. However, knowledge of HDACs in cestodes is very scarce. In this work, we investigated cestode HDACs as potential drug targets to develop new therapies against neglected diseases caused by cestodes. Here we showed the full repertoire of HDAC coding genes in several members of the class Cestoda. Between 6 and 7 zinc-dependent HDAC coding genes were identified in the genomes of species from Echinococcus, Taenia, Mesocestoides and Hymenolepis genera. We classified them as Class I and II HDACs and analyzed their transcriptional expression levels throughout developmental stages of Echinococcus spp. We confirmed for the first time the complete HDAC8 nucleotide sequences from Echinococcus canadensis G7 and Mesocestoides corti. Homology models for these proteins showed particular structural features which differentiate them from HDAC8 from Homo sapiens. Furthermore, we showed that Trichostatin A (TSA), a pan-HDAC inhibitor, decreases the viability of M. corti, alters its tegument and morphology and produces an increment of the total amount of acetylated proteins, including acetylated histone H4. These results suggest that HDAC from cestodes are functional and might play important roles on survival and development. The particular structural features observed in cestode HDAC8 proteins suggest that these enzymes could be selectively targeted. This report provides the basis for further studies on cestode HDAC enzymes and for discovery of new HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of neglected diseases caused by cestode parasites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo R Vaca
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Piso 13, Paraguay 2155, CP1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Celentano
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Piso 13, Paraguay 2155, CP1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Piso 13, Paraguay 2155, CP1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Macchiaroli
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Piso 13, Paraguay 2155, CP1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Kamenetzky
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Piso 13, Paraguay 2155, CP1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Camicia
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Piso 13, Paraguay 2155, CP1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Mara C Rosenzvit
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Piso 13, Paraguay 2155, CP1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dean L, Njelesani J, Mulamba C, Dacombe R, Mbabazi PS, Bates I. Establishing an international laboratory network for neglected tropical diseases: Understanding existing capacity in five WHO regions. F1000Res 2018; 7:1464. [PMID: 31119028 PMCID: PMC6509956 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16196.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Limited laboratory capacity is a significant bottleneck in meeting global targets for the control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases (NTD). Laboratories are essential for providing clinical data and monitoring data about the status and changes in NTD prevalence, and for detecting early drug resistance. Currently NTD laboratory networks are informal and specialist laboratory expertise is not well publicised, making it difficult to share global expertise and provide training, supervision, and quality assurance for NTD diagnosis and research. This study aimed to identify laboratories within five World Health Organisation regions (South-East Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, Americas, Western Pacific and Europe) that provide NTD services and could be regarded as national or regional reference laboratories, and to conduct a survey to document their networks and capacity to support NTD programmes. Methods. Potential NTD reference laboratories were identified through systematic searches, snowball sampling and key informants. Results. Thirty-two laboratories responded to the survey. The laboratories covered 17 different NTDs and their main regional and national roles were to provide technical support and training, research, test validation and standard setting. Two thirds of the laboratories were based in academic institutions and almost half had less than 11 staff. Although greater than 90 per cent of the laboratories had adequate technical skills to function as an NTD reference laboratory, almost all laboratories lacked systems for external verification that their results met international standards. Conclusions. This study highlights that although many laboratories believed they could act as a reference laboratory, only a few had all the characteristics required to fulfil this role as they fell short in the standard and quality assurance of laboratory processes. Networks of high quality laboratories are essential for the control and elimination of disease and this study presents a critical first step in the development of such networks for NTDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dean
- Capacity Research Unit, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Janet Njelesani
- Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Charles Mulamba
- Capacity Research Unit, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Russell Dacombe
- Capacity Research Unit, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pamela S Mbabazi
- Global Working Group on Capacity Strengthening for National NTD Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Imelda Bates
- Capacity Research Unit, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dean L, Page S, Hawkins K, Stothard R, Thomson R, Wanji S, Gyapong M, Anagbogu I, Molyneux D, Theobald S. Tailoring mass drug administration to context: implementation research is critical in achieving equitable progress in the control and elimination of helminth neglected tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Int Health 2017; 8:233-4. [PMID: 27481833 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihw031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of a technological quick fix or 'magic-bullet' for control and elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) is flawed. NTDs are embedded within complex biological and social systems that are shaped by ecological and political contexts. This commentary emphasises the need for implementation research to address implementation gaps in the control of NTDs. With a specific focus on sub-Saharan Africa and helminth diseases amenable to preventive chemotherapy through mass drug administration, we explore the important role of context, programme partnerships and community in achieving equitable and effective NTD control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dean
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA;
| | - Samantha Page
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA
| | | | - Russell Stothard
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA
| | - Rachael Thomson
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA
| | - Samuel Wanji
- Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and Environment, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | | | - David Molyneux
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA
| | - Sally Theobald
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mankbadi M, Goyack L, Thiel B, Weinstein D, Simms-Cendan J, Hernandez C. Dermatologic Simulation of Neglected Tropical Diseases for Medical Professionals. MedEdPORTAL 2016; 12:10525. [PMID: 30984867 PMCID: PMC6440398 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While patients with neglected tropical diseases may present for care in the United States, they are encountered so infrequently that medical professionals may have little chance of being exposed to these illnesses during training. This simulation on dermatological presentations of neglected tropical diseases was used as a teaching tool for multifaceted topics including disease management, interdisciplinary collaboration, and sociocultural issues. To achieve this goal, we created four cases with patients demonstrating clinical and dermatological presentations. METHODS Through the use of a moulage kit, this simulation portrayed four common neglected tropical diseases that are rarely encountered in the United States: dengue fever, cutaneous leishmaniasis, lepromatous leprosy, and yaws. Following the clinical experience, a debrief session discussing sociocultural and dermatological factors of neglected tropical diseases occurred. RESULTS The feedback obtained regarding the simulation was exceptionally positive. The participants indicated that the simulation improved their medical knowledge of neglected tropical diseases, diagnostic abilities, and interprofessional communication skills. DISCUSSION This simulation can easily be adapted for use in conferences, health professional education, and patient advocacy, making it relevant for training in a wide variety of settings. Through the application of this simulation, greater progress can be made in the education of medical professionals on neglected tropical diseases and dermatology. Not only will the application of realistic workshops increase medical competency regarding these rarely encountered diseases, it will also provide opportunities to engage with these diseases, which can cultivate interest in the future pursuit of global health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mankbadi
- Medical Student, University of Central Florida College of Medicine
| | - Laura Goyack
- Medical Student, University of Central Florida College of Medicine
| | - Bryan Thiel
- Medical Student, University of Central Florida College of Medicine
| | - David Weinstein
- Assistant Professor of Dermatology, University of Central Florida College of Medicine
| | - Judith Simms-Cendan
- Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Central Florida College of Medicine; Director of International Experiences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine
| | - Caridad Hernandez
- Associate Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jenny AM, Li M, Ashbourne E, Aldrink M, Funk C, Stergachis A. Assessment of the scope and practice of evaluation among medical donation programs. Global Health 2016; 12:69. [PMID: 27814729 PMCID: PMC5096304 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-016-0210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medical donation programs for drugs, other medical products, training and other supportive services can improve access to essential medicines in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and provide emergency and disaster relief. The scope and extent to which medical donation programs evaluate their impact on recipients and health systems is not well documented. Methods We conducted a survey of the member organizations of the Partnership for Quality Medical Donations (PQMD), a global alliance of non-profit and corporate organizations, to identify evaluations conducted in conjunction with donation programs. Results Twenty-five out of the 36 PQMD organizations that were members at the time of the survey participated in the study, for a response rate of 69 %. PQMD members provided information on 34 of their major medical donation programs. Half of the donation programs reported conducting trainings as a part of their donation program. Twenty-six (76 %) programs reported that they conduct routine monitoring of their donation programs. Less than 30 % of donation programs were evaluated for their impact on health. Lack of technical staff and lack of funding were reported as key barriers to conducting impact evaluations. Conclusions Member organizations of PQMD provide a broad range of medical donations, targeting a wide range of public health issues and events. While some level of monitoring and evaluation was conducted in nearly 80 % of the donation programs, a program’s impact was infrequently evaluated. Opportunities exist to develop consistent metrics for medical donation programs, develop a common framework for impact evaluations, and advocate for data collection and analysis plans that collect meaningful metrics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisa M Jenny
- Department of Global Health, Global Medicines Program, University of Washington, Harris Hydraulics Building, Room 321, 1705 NE Pacific St., Box 357965, Seattle, WA, 98195-7965, USA.
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research and Policy Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andy Stergachis
- Department of Global Health, Global Medicines Program, University of Washington, Harris Hydraulics Building, Room 321, 1705 NE Pacific St., Box 357965, Seattle, WA, 98195-7965, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research and Policy Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
In 2012 WHO declared a target to eradicate yaws by 2020. The cornerstone of this strategy is community mass treatment with azithromycin. Initial studies suggest this is a very effective tool that may be capable of interrupting transmission. Alongside this there has been progress in the development and validation of diagnostic tests for yaws. Several new challenges have also emerged, in particular, evidence that Haemophilus ducreyi can cause phenotypically similar ulcers in yaws endemic communities, and evidence for a possible non-human primate reservoir. The 2020 eradication target remains ambitious and more challenges should be expected on the journey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Marks
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of tropical infectious diseases of poorest people. Of 17 NTDs managed by WHO, two, guinea worm disease (by 2015) and yaws (by 2020) are targeted for eradication, and four (blinding trachoma, human African trypanosomiasis, leprosy, and lymphatic filariasis) for elimination by 2020. The goals look promising but 11 others are still highly prevalent. Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are one NTD which prevail over the world including temperate zones. They had been highly prevalent in Korea but are mostly disappearing at present through systematic and sustainable control activity. The successful experience of STH control enables Korean experts to develop many programs of NTD control in developing countries. Several programs of both official development aid and non-governmental organizations are now targeting NTDs. Most NTDs are low in health priority compared to their health threats because they are chronic, insidious, and of low mortality. No one, including the victims, raised priority of NTD control with a loud voice in the endemic field of the diseases. After the millennium development goals declared disease control over the world, NTDs are becoming less neglected globally. Even with limited resources, beginning a sustainable national program is the key for the control and elimination of NTDs. No more neglect, especially no more self-neglect, can eliminate diseases and upgrade quality of life of the neglected people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Choi
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Ran Yu
- Department of Environmental Biology, School of Medicine Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Tae Hong
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Johansen MV, Lier T, Sithithaworn P. Towards improved diagnosis of neglected zoonotic trematodes using a One Health approach. Acta Trop 2015; 141:161-9. [PMID: 23886849 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaching the goal of control, elimination and eradication of the Neglected Tropical Disease in a foreseeable future provides significant challenges at the ground level especially regarding helminthiasis. Helminths are still mainly diagnoses by egg identification in stool, methods with low sensitivity and for most species low specificity. Cross-sectoral collaboration with regard to zoonoses is almost non-existing and cross-validation by inter-laboratory evaluation of diagnostic tests is not a common practice. The aim of this review was to elucidate the dilemma of helminth diagnosis using zoonotic trematodes as examples. Much progress has been made improving the diagnostic sensitivity of Opisthorchis and Clonorchis using DNA-based techniques but the specificity of these tests is still a challenge due to the many most common but neglected intestinal trematodes. The burden of these diseases and ways to control them remains to be elucidated. Although efficacious drugs are available, the effectiveness of mass drug administration remains to be assessed. The importance of animal reservoirs and ways to control the diseases in animals are yet unknown. Diagnostic challenges regarding Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mekongi include the many light infections and the persisting influx from the animal reservoirs. The sensitivity of the faecal based techniques suited morbidity control but will be insufficient for elimination of the helminths. More accurate diagnostic tools are required and new algorithms for detection and progression of helminth elimination will be needed. Standardized inter-laboratory test validation, inter-sectoral collaboration and establishment of an international One Health diagnostic platform, sharing best practices on diagnosis of helminth zoonoses, could all significantly contribute to control and elimination of these diseases.
Collapse
|
33
|
Bardosh K, Inthavong P, Xayaheuang S, Okello AL. Controlling parasites, understanding practices: the biosocial complexity of a One Health intervention for neglected zoonotic helminths in northern Lao PDR. Soc Sci Med 2014; 120:215-23. [PMID: 25261615 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A parasitological survey in northern Lao PDR showed a remote ethnic minority village to be hyper-endemic for Taenia solium, a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) that impacts human and pig health. An intervention combining human Mass Drug Administration (MDA) with porcine vaccination and antihelmintic treatment was then implemented, targeting both T. solium and other soil-transmitted helminths. To understand the biosocial complexity of this integrated One Health intervention, we conducted a rapid ethnographic study exploring the transmission dynamics of T. solium and locally acceptable long-term control options. Informed by two years of project work in the village, this included six focus group discussions, 35 semi-structured interviews, a latrine survey, a school-based education meeting, participant observation and many unstructured interviews conducted over two weeks in October 2013. We found that risk behaviours were mediated by various social determinants including limited market access, interrelationships between alcohol, ancestral sacrifices and the consumption of raw pork, seasonal variations and poor latrine coverage. Only sixteen percent of households had latrines, attributed to the unacceptability of dry latrines, lack of water access, poor building techniques and poverty. Whilst women could explain T. solium transmission, most men and children could not, revealing that distributed posters/leaflets relied too heavily on text and ambiguous images. Compliance with MDA was high due to trust between project staff and village leaders. However understandings of pharmacology, minor side effects, human migration and children's fear of worms may lead to resistance in future programmes. Our research highlights the complexities of controlling T. solium and other soil-transmitted helminths in a remote ethnic minority village and the need to integrate biomedical and participatory approaches. Although we showcase the heuristic value of using rapid ethnography to inform intervention strategies as part of a One Health/NTD agenda, we also identify several possible paradoxes and conundrums in embedding locally-grounded biosocial analysis into NTD programmes. These need to be acknowledged and negotiated by multidisciplinary teams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bardosh
- School of Social and Political Science, The University of Edinburgh, 58 George Square, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Division of Pathway Medicine and Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Phouth Inthavong
- National Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Luang Prabang Road, Ban Huanmouang, Vientiane Capital, Lao Democratic People's Republic
| | - Sivilai Xayaheuang
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL) Regional Programme, 5 Portarlington Road, East Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna L Okello
- National Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Luang Prabang Road, Ban Huanmouang, Vientiane Capital, Lao Democratic People's Republic; CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL) Regional Programme, 5 Portarlington Road, East Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|