1
|
Rousselaki E, Michalopoulos P, Pavlidou A, Kaberi H, Prifti E, Dassenakis M. Pore-water nutrient concentrations variability under different oxygen regimes: A case study in Elefsis Bay, Greece. Sci Total Environ 2024; 915:169830. [PMID: 38190920 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressures considerably affect coastal areas, increasing nitrogen and phosphorous loads that lead to eutrophication. Eutrophication sometimes results in hypoxic and/or anoxic conditions near the bottom water. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations influence redox-sensitive nutrients, which can alter the benthic flux of nutrients. We retrieved sediment cores from two sites in the eastern and western parts of Elefsis Bay, a semi-enclosed area of the Eastern Mediterranean, Greece, during winter and summer. In the western part, seasonally hypoxic or anoxic conditions occurred. We analysed pore-water samples under normoxic, hypoxic and anoxic bottom water conditions to study the pore-water nutrient concentrations variability under different oxygen regimes. Ex situ incubation experiments were conducted at the site experiencing oxygen deficiency by manipulating the DO concentrations. The pore-water nutrient concentrations showed higher variability at the site experiencing oxygen deficiency. Notably, elevated ammonium concentrations were observed in the pore water during anoxic conditions, in the 2-20-cm sediment layer. However, the benthic fluxes of ammonium and phosphate at the 0-2-cm sediment layer were comparable under hypoxic and anoxic conditions. The results of the incubation experiments demonstrate a direct decrease in nitrate concentrations as the DO concentrations diminished in the overlying water. The incubations after re-oxygenating the overlying water show that phosphate was more efficiently scavenged when anoxic conditions prevailed in the bottom water. The incubation experiments indicate the rapid response of the seafloor to oxygen availability, particularly concerning processes that influence nitrate and phosphate concentrations. These observations highlight the dynamic nature of nutrient cycling in shallow, seasonally anoxic environments, such as Elefsis Bay, and emphasise the sensitivity of the seafloor ecosystem to changes in bottom water oxygen availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Rousselaki
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Anavyssos, Greece.
| | | | - Alexandra Pavlidou
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Helen Kaberi
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Eleni Prifti
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Manos Dassenakis
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thamizharasan A, Rajaguru VRR, Gajalakshmi S, Lim JW, Greff B, Rajagopal R, Chang SW, Ravindran B, Awasthi MK. Investigation on the physico-chemical properties of soil and mineralization of three selected tropical tree leaf litter. Environ Res 2024; 243:117752. [PMID: 38008202 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaf litter has a major role in the structure and function of soil ecosystems as it is associated with nutrient release and cycling. The present study is aimed to understand how well the decomposing leaf litter kept soil organic carbon and nitrogen levels stable during an incubation experiment that was carried out in a lab setting under controlled conditions and the results were compared to those from a natural plantation. In natural site soil samples, Anacardium. occidentale showed a higher value of organic carbon at surface (1.14%) and subsurface (0.93%) and Azadirachta. indica exhibited a higher value of total nitrogen at surface (0.28%) and subsurface sample (0.14%). In the incubation experiment, Acacia auriculiformis had the highest organic carbon content initially (5.26%), whereas A. occidentale had the highest nitrogen level on 30th day (0.67%). The overall carbon-nitrogen ratio showed a varied tendency, which may be due to dynamic changes in the complex decomposition cycle. The higher rate of mass loss and decay was observed in A. indica leaf litter, the range of the decay constant is 1.26-2.22. The morphological and chemical changes of soil sample and the vermicast were substantained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Thamizharasan
- Centre for Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
| | - V R R Rajaguru
- Centre for Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
| | - S Gajalakshmi
- Centre for Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India.
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Babett Greff
- Department of Food Science, Albert Kázmér Faculty of Mosomagyaróvár, Széchenyi István University, Lucsony street 15-17, 9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Rajinikanth Rajagopal
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC, J1M 1Z3, Canada
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mungenge CP, Wasserman RJ, Dondofema F, Keates C, Masina FM, Dalu T. Assessing chlorophyll-a and water quality dynamics in arid-zone temporary pan systems along a disturbance gradient. Sci Total Environ 2023; 873:162272. [PMID: 36801321 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Temporary pans are susceptible to various anthropogenic effects such as pollution, resource extraction, and land use intensification. However, given their small endorheic nature, they are almost entirely influenced by activities close to their internally drained catchments. Human-mediated nutrient enrichment within the pans can lead to eutrophication, resulting in increased primary productivity and decreased associated alpha diversity. The Khakhea-Bray Transboundary Aquifer region and the pan systems that characterise the area are understudied area with no records available of the biodiversity therein. Additionally, the pans are a major water source for the people in these areas. This study assessed differences in nutrients (i.e., ammonium, phosphates) and their effect on chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations in pans along a disturbance gradient in the Khakhea-Bray Transboundary Aquifer region, South Africa. Physicochemical variables, nutrients, and chl-a were measured from 33 pans representing variable anthropogenic exposure during the cool-dry season in May 2022. Five environmental variables (i.e., temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonium, and phosphates) showed significant differences between the undisturbed and disturbed pans. The disturbed pans generally had elevated pH, ammonium, phosphates and dissolved oxygen compared to the undisturbed pans. A strong positive relationship was observed between chl-a and temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, phosphates and ammonium. Chlorophyll-a concentration increased as surface area, and the distance from kraals, buildings and latrines decreased. Anthropogenic activities were found to have an overall effect on the pan water quality within the Khakhea-Bray Transboundary Aquifer region. Therefore, continuous monitoring strategies should be established to better understand the nutrient dynamics through time and the effect that this may have on productivity and diversity in these small endorheic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chipo P Mungenge
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
| | - Ryan J Wasserman
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Farai Dondofema
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Chad Keates
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Fannie M Masina
- Aquatic Systems Research Group, School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa
| | - Tatenda Dalu
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; Aquatic Systems Research Group, School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa; Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang Y, Bao X, Huang Z, Chen Y, Wu X, Li X, Wu X, Hu Y. Identification of pollutant delivery processes during different storm events and hydrological years in a semi-arid mountainous reservoir basin. Sci Total Environ 2023; 883:163606. [PMID: 37100149 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of pollutant delivery processes during storm events is essential for developing strategies to minimize adverse impacts on receiving water bodies. In this paper, hysteresis analysis and principal component analysis were coupled with identified nutrient dynamics to determine different pollutant export forms and transport pathways and analyze the impact of precipitation characteristics and hydrological conditions on pollutant transport processes through continuous sampling between different storm events (4 events) and hydrological years (2018-wet, 2019-dry) in a semi-arid mountainous reservoir watershed. Results showed pollutant dominant forms and primary transport pathways were inconsistent between different storm events and hydrological years. Nitrogen (N) was mainly exported in the form of nitrate-N(NO3-N). Particle phosphorous (PP) was the dominant P form in wet years, but total dissolved P (TDP) in dry year. Ammonia-N (NH4-N), total P (TP), total dissolved P(TDP) and PP had prominent flushing responses to storm events and were delivered mainly from overland sources by surface runoff; while the concentrations of total N(TN) and nitrate-N(NO3-N) were mainly diluted during storm events. Rainfall intensity and amount had significant control over P dynamics and extreme events played a key role in TP exports, accounting for >90 % of the total TP load exports. However, the cumulative rainfall and runoff regime during rainy season exerted significant control over N exports than individual rainfall features. In the dry year, NO3-N and TN were delivered primarily through soil water flow paths during storm events; nevertheless, wet year registered complex control on TN exports via soil water release, followed by surface runoff transport. Relative to dry year, wet year registered higher N concentration and more N load exports. These findings could provide scientific basis for determining effective pollution mitigation strategies in Miyun Reservoir basin and provide important references for other semi-arid mountain watersheds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xin Bao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Yiping Chen
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianing Wu
- PowerChina Resources Limited, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xuyong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yucong Hu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Summers EJ, Ryder JL. A critical review of operational strategies for the management of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in inland reservoirs. J Environ Manage 2023; 330:117141. [PMID: 36603251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Occurrences of freshwater harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing on a global scale, largely in part due to increased nutrient input and changing climate patterns. While reservoir management strategies that can influence phytoplankton are known, there is no published guideline or protocol for the management of harmful algal blooms. There is a need to establish what factors are the predominant drivers of blooms, and how common reservoir management strategies specifically influence each factor. The following literature review seeks to establish the benefits and drawbacks of operational management strategies that currently exist. The main focus is altering hydrodynamic conditions (hypolimnetic withdrawals, surface flushing, pulsed inflow, artificial mixing), in order to induce environmental changes within the reservoir itself. Since excess nutrients are one of the biggest contributors to worsening bloom conditions, internal nutrient dynamics and reduction are also discussed. Additionally, we review the predominant seasonal factors (stratification, light, temperature, and wind) that affect likelihood of bloom occurrence and duration. The ultimate objective of this review is to increase understanding of the relationships between HAB drivers and reservoir operations in order to inform the development of data, modeling, and management strategies for the prevention and mitigation of blooms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Summers
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA.
| | - Jodi L Ryder
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Duan YA, Chen XS, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Wang P, Duan XX, Qin XY, Zou YA, Deng ZM, Zhao QL. Potential risk of eutrophication in the deepest lake of Southwest China: Insights from phosphorus enrichment in bottom water. J Contam Hydrol 2023; 253:104127. [PMID: 36587423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Large deep lakes in plateau regions provide crucial ecosystem services but are susceptible to eutrophication due to their long water residence time. To date, the water quality of deep lakes has not received as much attention as that of shallow lakes owing to logistical challenges. This study investigated the seasonal variation and vertical distribution of phosphorus and related environmental variables in a large deep lake in the Yunnan Plateau, China (Fuxian Lake). Generally, the concentrations of total phosphorus (TP, R2 = 0.862), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP, R2 = 0.922), and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP, R2 = 0.889) exhibited a linear increase with the greater water depth, whereas the pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) showed decreasing trends. The TP, TDP, and DIP values were 0.012, 0.006, and 0.004 mg/L, respectively, in surface waters (0.5 m depth), and increased to 0.074, 0.065, and 0.062 mg/L, respectively, at 140.0 m depth. The averaged over ordering method demonstrated that DO and air temperature accounted for a higher proportion of the explained variance of TP, TDP, and DIP in the shallow water layer (0.5-20.0 m). In contrast, DO and pH accounted for a higher proportion of the explained variance of TP, TDP, and DIP in deeper water layers (40.0-150.0 m). As a warm monomictic lake, the higher observed phosphorus concentrations in deeper water and sediment potentially pose a risk of future eutrophication in the Fuxian Lake. Our findings demonstrate that more efficient technical and management measures should be taken to reduce the external phosphorus load to Fuxian Lake, so that the load to and from the sediment will decrease eventually.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Ai Duan
- Yunnan Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; Anhui Shengjin Lake Wetland Ecology National Long-term Scientific Research Base, Dongzhi 247230, China.
| | - Ying Huang
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Yunnan Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Yunnan Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Xue-Xin Duan
- Yunnan Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Xian-Yan Qin
- Geological Survey of Anhui Province (Anhui Institute of Geological Sciences), Hefei 230001, China
| | - Ye-Ai Zou
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zheng-Miao Deng
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhao
- Yunnan Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Kunming 650034, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gao S, Song Y, Song C, Wang X, Gong C, Ma X, Gao J, Cheng X, Du Y. Long-term nitrogen addition alters peatland plant community structure and nutrient resorption efficiency. Sci Total Environ 2022; 844:157176. [PMID: 35803431 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As an elemental carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pool in the world, peatlands are very sensitive to environmental changes. Under global warming, the increase in available N affects the dynamic changes of plant community structure and nutrients in a permafrost peatland. This study was based on a long-term in situ N addition experiment that had been conducted for 9 years. It utilized the peatland in the permafrost area of Great Hing'an Mountain as the research object to analyze the effects of N addition on the growth characteristics, community structure, and nutrient dynamics of peatland plants. The N inputs were N1: 6 g N m-2·year-1, N2: 12 g N m-2·year-1 and N3: 24 g N m-2·year-1, respectively. Our results showed that the adding N can affect the plant community structure of peatland by affecting the plant growth characteristics. The diversity and richness of plant species in the peatland decreased as the concentration of added N increased. The long-term N addition can reduce the N limitation of plants to some extent. Still, it could further aggravate their phosphorus (P) limitation, resulting in the joint limitation of N and P or the complete limitation by P. The N resorption efficiency decreased with the increase of N addition level. The P resorption efficiency of different plants had varied responses to the changes in the N nutrient environment. Our study clarified the impact of long-term N addition on the plant community structure and nutrient dynamics of peatland in a permafrost area and provided an important theoretical basis to accurately evaluate the carbon and nitrogen balance of peatland in a permafrost area owing to future climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China; University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yanyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China.
| | - Changchun Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China; School of Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China
| | - Chao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China
| | - Xiuyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China
| | - Jinli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China; Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, PR China
| | - Yu Du
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang QW, Robson TM, Pieristè M, Kenta T, Zhou W, Kurokawa H. Canopy structure and phenology modulate the impacts of solar radiation on C and N dynamics during litter decomposition in a temperate forest. Sci Total Environ 2022; 820:153185. [PMID: 35065130 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Decomposition of plant organic matter plays a key role in the terrestrial biogeochemical cycles. Sunlight has recently been identified as an important contributor to carbon [C] turnover through photodegradation, accelerating decomposition even in forest ecosystems where understorey solar irradiance remains relatively low. However, it is uncertain how C and nutrients dynamics respond to fluctuations in solar spectral irradiance caused by canopy structure (understorey vs. gaps) and season (open vs. closed canopy phenology). Spectral-attenuation treatments were used to compare litter decomposition over eight months, covering canopy phenology, in a temperate deciduous forest and an adjacent gap. Exposure to the full spectrum of sunlight increased the loss of litter C and lignin by 75% and 64% in the forest gap, and blue light was responsible for respectively 27% and 42% of that loss. Whereas in the understorey, C and lignin loss were similar among spectral-attenuation treatments over the experimental period, except prior to and during spring canopy flush when exposure to the full spectrum of sunlight promoted C loss by 15% overall, 80% of which was attributable to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. Nitrogen [N] was immobilized in the understorey during canopy flush before the canopy completely closed but N was swiftly released during canopy leaf-fall. Our study suggests that blue-driven photodegradation plays an important role in lignin decomposition and N dynamics in canopy gaps, whereas seasonal canopy phenology affecting sunlight reaching the forest floor drastically changes patterns of C and N in litter during decomposition. Hence, including sunlight dynamics driven by canopy structure and phenology would improve estimates of biogeochemical cycling in forests responding to changes in climate and land-use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan.
| | - Thomas Matthew Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Marta Pieristè
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INRAE, ECODIV, Rouen 76000, France
| | - Tanaka Kenta
- Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukuba, Nagano, Japan
| | - Wangming Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hiroko Kurokawa
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou N, Zhang GL, Liu SM. Nutrient exchanges at the sediment-water interface and the responses to environmental changes in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 176:113420. [PMID: 35168072 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Release from the sediment is an important nutrient source to the water column of global oceans, especially for marginal seas with active biogeochemical processes. Benthic nutrient biogeochemistry and its responses to environmental changes were investigated in the eastern marginal seas of China using a two-layer diffusion-advection-reaction diagenetic model. Overall, the sediment represented the primary nutrient source with fluxes of ~-342 ± 197, -1.25 ± 0.50, and -114 ± 56 × 108 mol/month for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), phosphate, and silicate, respectively. This could contribute up to ~42% of nutrients requested by primary production (PP), with a DIN/SiO32-/PO43- molar ratio of 273:91:1, which was higher than that in the overlying water (49:47:1). Future benthic nutrient fluxes were predicted under two environmental change scenarios (increasing and decreasing PP and biogenic silica). Our study may help rebuild nutrient budgets in the future and formulate environmental management policies in marginal seas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Guo Ling Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
| | - Su Mei Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rizzo PF, Young BJ, Pin Viso N, Carbajal J, Martínez LE, Riera NI, Bres PA, Beily ME, Barbaro L, Farber M, Zubillaga MS, Crespo DC. Integral approach for the evaluation of poultry manure, compost, and digestate: Amendment characterization, mineralization, and effects on soil and intensive crops. Waste Manag 2022; 139:124-135. [PMID: 34968898 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The egg industry has increased its production worldwide during the last decades. Several waste management strategies have been proposed to treat large volumes of poultry manure. Composting and anaerobic digestion are the main stabilization processes used. However, there are disagreements on the criteria for applying raw and treated poultry manure to the soil. We studied the relationship between physicochemical, toxicological, microbiological, parasitological, and metabarcoding parameters of raw and treated poultry manure (compost and digestate). Subsequently, we evaluated the mineralization of C, N and P, and the effects of amended soil on horticultural and ornamental crops. Compost and digestate presented better general conditions than poultry manure for use as organic soil amendments. The highest pathogenic microorganism content (total and fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp.) was recorded for poultry manure. Multivariate analyses allowed associating a lower phytotoxicity with compost and a higher microbial diversity with digestate. Therefore, only compost presented stability and maturity conditions. We found high released CO2-C, N loss, and P accumulation in soil amended with a high dose of poultry manure during mineralization. However, high doses of poultry manure and digestate increased the biomass production in the valorization assay. We recommend the soil application of stabilized and mature poultry manure-derived amendments, which reduce the negative impacts on the environment and promote more sustainable practices in agricultural systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Federico Rizzo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMyZA), Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Las Cabañas y Los Reseros s/n, 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Brian Jonathan Young
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMyZA), Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Las Cabañas y Los Reseros s/n, 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Natalia Pin Viso
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo), Las Cabañas y Los Reseros s/n, 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Jazmín Carbajal
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMyZA), Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Las Cabañas y Los Reseros s/n, 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Laura Elizabeth Martínez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza, San Martin 3853, M5534, Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Nicolás Iván Riera
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMyZA), Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Las Cabañas y Los Reseros s/n, 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Patricia Alina Bres
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMyZA), Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Las Cabañas y Los Reseros s/n, 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Eugenia Beily
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMyZA), Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Las Cabañas y Los Reseros s/n, 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Lorena Barbaro
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul, Ruta Nacional 14. Km. 836, 3313, Cerro Azul, Misiones, Argentina.
| | - Marisa Farber
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo), Las Cabañas y Los Reseros s/n, 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marta Susana Zubillaga
- Cátedra de Fertilidad y Fertilizantes, Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Uso de la Tierra, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Diana Cristina Crespo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMyZA), Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Las Cabañas y Los Reseros s/n, 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Salomon MJ, Watts-Williams SJ, McLaughlin MJ, Cavagnaro TR. Spatiotemporal dynamics of soil health in urban agriculture. Sci Total Environ 2022; 805:150224. [PMID: 34818789 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a paucity of data on the state of urban agriculture soils. In order to develop efficient management practices, it is necessary to understand the seasonal dynamics of the soil health of these systems. This study sampled two community gardens, and one commercial urban agriculture site on a monthly basis over the span of one year. The dynamic analysis examined soil nutritional, chemical and microbial properties. Plant biodiversity was significantly higher in community gardens compared to commercial sites. Analysis of soil nutrients revealed fluctuations of mineral nitrogen with seasonal conditions and consistently high concentrations of plant-available phosphorus. We identified gradually decreasing soil total nitrogen and carbon concentrations throughout the year. Soils were abundant in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores. Soil metabarcoding using 16S and ITS amplicons revealed a seasonal gradient of the microbial diversity and changes after the application of organic fertilizer. Soil-borne potential human pathogens were also detected in the soils. The results of this study provide relevant information about soil management principles in urban agriculture systems. These principles include mulching and the use of nutrient-balanced composts to counteract decreasing carbon pools and the excessive accumulation of phosphorus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Salomon
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
| | - S J Watts-Williams
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - M J McLaughlin
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - T R Cavagnaro
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu J, Sun Y, Tian G, Li X, Yang Z. Fast biodegradation of long-alkanes by enhancing bacteria performance rate by per-oxidation. J Environ Manage 2022; 301:113933. [PMID: 34731951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The long-alkanes biodegradation rate was generally found slow during widely used pre-oxidation combined with biodegradation for oil contamination treatment, resulting in long and unsustainable removal. In this study, different chitosan content was used to produce iron catalysts for pre-oxidation, and nutrients were added for the long-alkanes biodegradation experiment. Mechanism of Fenton pre-oxidation and improvement in the biodegradation rate of long-alkanes were studied by analyzing the change in organic matter and bacterial community structure, the amount and activity of bacteria in the biological stage, and the degradation amount long-alkanes hydrocarbon before and after pre-oxidation. Results showed that the destruction of bacteria greatly reduced when hydroxyl radical intensity decreased to 4.40 a.u.. Also, the proportion of humic acid-like was high (40.88%), and the community structure was slightly changed with the pre-oxidation for the fast biodegradation (FB) group. In the subsequent biodegradation, it was found that the degradation rate of each long-alkanes in the FB group increased significantly (C30: 4.18-8.32 mg/(kg·d)) with the increase of the degradation of long-alkanes (10-50%). Further studies showed that the high nutrient dynamics (6.05 mg/(kg·d)) of the FB group resulted in high bacteria performance rate (0.53 mol CO2 × log CFU/(104 g2 d)), which further accelerated the substrate transformation(41%). Therefore, the biodegradation rate of long-alkanes was increased (43.8 mg/(kg·d)) with the removal rate of long-alkanes of 76%. The half-life of long-alkanes for the FB group (64 d) was 33 d shorter than the slow biodegradation group (99 d). These results exhibited that pre-oxidation regulation can shorten the bioremediation cycle by improving the biodegradation rate of long-alkanes. This research has good engineering application value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 710055, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yanjie Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 710055, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guiyong Tian
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 710055, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiumin Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 710055, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhengli Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 710055, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mishra DR, Kumar A, Muduli PR, Acharyya T, Acharya P, Singh S, Rastogi G. Landfall season is critical to the impact of a cyclone on a monsoon-regulated tropical coastal lagoon. Sci Total Environ 2021; 770:145235. [PMID: 33513491 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyclones can produce a wide variety of short-term and long-term ecological impacts on coastal lagoons depending on cyclone's physical-meteorological characteristics and the lagoon's geographic, geomorphic, and bathymetric characteristics. Here, we theorized that in monsoon regulated tropical coastal lagoons, another important factor that could determine the impact of a cyclone is the landfall season or time of the year with reference to the monsoon season. We analyzed the impact of two cyclones which made landfall near Chilika, Asia's largest brackish water lagoon in different seasons, Cyclone Fani and Titli before and after the monsoon season. We compared field measured and satellite-derived water quality parameters including nutrient, salinity, water temperature, transparency, Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), total suspended matter (TSM), and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) before and after the cyclones. We found that although both the cyclones were of similar intensities, after their land interaction, their impact on the lagoon's water quality was contrasting. The post-monsoon cyclone produced a substantial increase in total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP), a large drop in salinity, CDOM, and Chl-a. In contrast, after the pre-monsoon cyclone, TN and TP did not show any such hike, no substantial change in salinity and CDOM either, and only a slight increase in Chl-a was observed. We found that the controlling factor in determining the impact of a cyclone is the rate and duration of freshwater discharge to the lagoon, which is normally a strong pulse for pre-monsoon and a continued high flow for post-monsoon cyclones. We conclude that the antecedent conditions of the lagoon and the watershed at the time of a cyclone's landfall is a key criterion in determining the impact. The combined use of satellite data and field data was proved critical to capture the overall impact of cyclones on the hydrological characteristics of the monsoon-regulated coastal lagoon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak R Mishra
- Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Pradipta R Muduli
- Wetland Research and Training Centre, Chilika Development Authority, Balugaon, Odisha, India
| | - Tamoghna Acharyya
- School of Sustainability, Xavier University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prasannajit Acharya
- Wetland Research and Training Centre, Chilika Development Authority, Balugaon, Odisha, India
| | - Sambit Singh
- School of Sustainability, Xavier University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Gurdeep Rastogi
- Wetland Research and Training Centre, Chilika Development Authority, Balugaon, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sharma V, Prasanna R, Hossain F, Muthusamy V, Nain L, Shivay YS, Kumar S. Cyanobacterial inoculation as resource conserving options for improving the soil nutrient availability and growth of maize genotypes. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2393-409. [PMID: 33661314 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing the benefits of plant-microbe interactions towards better nutrient mobilization and plant growth is an important challenge for agriculturists globally. In our investigation, the focus was towards analyzing the soil-plant-environment interactions of cyanobacteria-based formulations (Anabaena-Nostoc consortium, BF1-4 and Anabaena-Trichoderma biofilm, An-Tr) as inoculants for ten maize genotypes (V1-V10). Field experimentation using seeds treated with the formulations illustrated a significant increase of 1.3- to 3.8-fold in C-N mobilizing enzyme activities in plants, along with more than five- to six-fold higher values of nitrogen fixation in rhizosphere soil samples. An increase of 22-30% in soil available nitrogen was also observed at flag leaf stage, and 13-16% higher values were also recorded in terms of cob yield of V6 with An-Tr biofilm inoculation. Savings of 30 kg N ha-1 season-1 was indicative of the reduced environmental pollution, due to the use of microbial options. The use of cyanobacterial formulations also enhanced the economic, environmental and energy use efficiency. This was reflected as 37-41% reduced costs lowered GHG emission by 58-68 CO2 equivalents and input energy requirement by 3651-4296 MJ, over the uninoculated control, on hectare basis. This investigation highlights the superior performance of these formulations, not only in terms of efficient C-N mobilization in maize, but also making maize cultivation a more profitable enterprise. Such interactions can be explored as resource-conserving options, for future evaluation across ecologies and locations, particularly in the global climate change scenario.
Collapse
|
15
|
Hong J, Lu X, Ma X, Wang X. Five-year study on the effects of warming and plant litter quality on litter decomposition rate in a Tibetan alpine grassland. Sci Total Environ 2021; 750:142306. [PMID: 33182203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The decomposition of plant litter is a key link in global C budgets and provides strong feedback to changes in climate and biogeochemical cycles. However, the combined effects of global warming and plant litter quality on the rate of plant litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics in alpine ecosystems are still poorly understood. We conducted a warming experiment to investigate the effects of litter quality and temperature on decomposition rates and variations in nutrients of four common herbaceous plants (low-quality litter species Stipa purpurea and Carex moorcroftii and high-quality litter species Astragalus confertus and Leontopodium nanum) during 2011-2016. During the initial stages of decomposition, warming had no significant effect on the mass loss of plant litter for low-quality litter species, but in the later stages of decomposition, it had a negative effect on the mass loss across all species (P < 0.05). Litter quality was the best predictor of N and P release/immobilisation during the decomposition of aboveground plant litter. Low-quality litter had the highest immobilisation of N at about 80% of the initial remaining mass; nutrients were then released in the following stages of decomposition. However, the fraction of initial P decreased with the mass remaining during the initial and later phases of decomposition, but a short period of P immobilisation occurred in the middle phase of decomposition. For high-quality litter, the fraction of initial N and P decreased with the mass remaining during the whole decomposition process. Warming had a marginal influence on the N and P dynamics throughout the decomposition process. Our study showed that the decay of plant litter was strongly suppressed by warming climate and that the N and P dynamics on the investigated Tibetan grassland were mainly regulated by litter quality, providing valuable insights into the biogeochemical cycles of nutrients in alpine ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Hong
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Xainza Alpine Steppe and Wetland Ecosystem Observation Station, Xainza 853100, China
| | - Xuyang Lu
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xingxing Ma
- College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mok JS, Kim SH, Kim J, Cho H, An SU, Choi A, Kim B, Yoon C, Thamdrup B, Hyun JH. Impacts of typhoon-induced heavy rainfalls and resultant freshwater runoff on the partitioning of organic carbon oxidation and nutrient dynamics in the intertidal sediments of the Han River estuary, Yellow Sea. Sci Total Environ 2019; 691:858-867. [PMID: 31326809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of typhoons accompanied by heavy precipitation has increased for the past 40 years in northeast Asia. To elucidate the impact of three consecutive typhoon-induced heavy rainfall events and resultant freshwater runoff on the partitioning of organic carbon (Corg) oxidation and nutrient dynamics, we investigated the geochemical constituents, the rate of anaerobic Corg oxidation, sulfate reduction (SR), iron reduction (FeR) and P speciation in the intertidal mud flat of the Han River estuary, Yellow Sea. Corg oxidation by SR and FeR and their metabolic products (∑CO2, NH4+, H2S, Fe2+) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) during and immediately after the heavy rainfall. Additional mesocosm experiments demonstrated that potential N2 production rates increased up to 2.4 times with increased nitrate concentrations during freshwater runoff. The results suggest that denitrification becomes a significant Corg oxidation pathway substituting for SR during high-nitrate freshwater runoff, which may remove substantial portion of the N introduced into the estuary. P speciation analysis further revealed that the concentrations of iron bound P decreased by 2.2 fold during the heavy rainfall compared to that measured before the rainfall. The results suggest that an excess supply of riverine Si keeps P from binding to Fe, thereby stimulating P release. Taking projections of enhanced rainfall events in the future into account, our results suggest that the intensified storm events and resultant riverine runoff induces a shift of Corg oxidation pathways in the sediments, which ultimately alters C-N-P-S-Fe dynamics and may deepen N-limiting conditions in coastal ecosystems of the Yellow Sea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sook Mok
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, South Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, South Korea; Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), 385, Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan Metropolitan City 49111, South Korea
| | - Jonguk Kim
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), 385, Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan Metropolitan City 49111, South Korea
| | - Hyeyoun Cho
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, South Korea
| | - Sung-Uk An
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, South Korea
| | - Ayeon Choi
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, South Korea
| | - Bomina Kim
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, South Korea
| | - Cheolho Yoon
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul Center, Natural Science Campus, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Bo Thamdrup
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jung-Ho Hyun
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Baker EB, Showers WJ. Hysteresis analysis of nitrate dynamics in the Neuse River, NC. Sci Total Environ 2019; 652:889-899. [PMID: 30380495 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have caused N saturation in many terrestrial ecosystems. The transfer of nutrients and sediments to freshwater environments has resulted in water quality impairments including eutrophication, increased turbidity, ecosystem acidification, and loss of biodiversity. Storm events account for the transport of a large proportion of nutrients and sediments found in watersheds on an annual basis. To implement effective water-quality management strategies, the importance of surface and subsurface flow paths during storm events and low flow conditions need to be quantified. The increased availability of optical in-situ sensors makes high-frequency monitoring of catchment fluxes practical. In this study, we present a high-resolution nitrate monitoring record over a 10-year period in the Neuse River Basin near Clayton, North Carolina. The relationship between discharge and nitrate concentration for 365 storm events are categorized into hysteresis classes that indicate different transport mechanisms into the river. Storm events over the entire period of this study are divided between clockwise, counter-clockwise, and complex hysteresis patterns, indicating multiple nitrate flow paths during different seasons and years. Logistic regression of a suite of environmental variables demonstrates that antecedent soil moisture is a significant factor in determining the storm hysteresis class, with the odds of counter-clockwise hysteresis increasing by 10.3% for every 1 percentage point increase in the soil moisture. There is also an overlying seasonal effect, which indicates that dry soil conditions and frequent small storms during summer leads to greater nitrate transport on the rising limb, in contrast to slower, groundwater-driven inputs during the rest of the year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan B Baker
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - William J Showers
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vigouroux G, Destouni G, Jönsson A, Cvetkovic V. A scalable dynamic characterisation approach for water quality management in semi-enclosed seas and archipelagos. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 139:311-327. [PMID: 30686432 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In semi-enclosed seas, eutrophication may affect both the coastal waters and the whole sea. We develop and test a modelling approach that can account for nutrient loads from land as well as for influences and feedbacks on water quality across the scales of a whole semi-enclosed sea and its coastal zones. We test its applicability in the example cases of the Baltic Sea and one of its local archipelagos, the Archipelago Sea. For the Baltic Sea scale, model validation shows good representation of surface water quality dynamics and a generally moderate model performance for deeper waters. For the Archipelago Sea, management scenario simulations show that successful sea measures may have the most important effects on coastal water quality. This highlights the need to consistently account for whole-sea water-quality dynamics and management effects, in addition to effects of land drivers, in modelling for characterisation and management of local water quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Vigouroux
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden; Resources, Energy and Infrastructure, Sustainability Assessment and Management, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 10B, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden.
| | - G Destouni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden.
| | - A Jönsson
- COWI AB, Solna Strandväg 78, Solna 171 54, Sweden.
| | - V Cvetkovic
- Resources, Energy and Infrastructure, Sustainability Assessment and Management, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 10B, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dunham A, Archer SK, Davies SC, Burke LA, Mossman J, Pegg JR, Archer E. Assessing condition and ecological role of deep-water biogenic habitats: Glass sponge reefs in the Salish Sea. Mar Environ Res 2018; 141:88-99. [PMID: 30115533 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic habitats play important roles in shallow-water ecosystems, but their roles in deeper waters are less well-studied. We quantitatively assessed 19 glass sponge reefs in the Salish Sea for live reef-building sponge cover and biodiversity, explored potential drivers behind variation observed among reefs, and quantified individual and collective roles the reefs play in filtration and carbon removal. The reefs support diverse and abundant communities of invertebrates and fish, with 115 unique taxonomic groups observed. Sponge cover varied widely between reefs: percent live reef-building sponge cover ranged from 0.2 to 17.5% and proportion of live reef habitat category ranged from 0.2 to 92%. These differences were predominantly driven by the seabed terrain characteristics such as seafloor rugosity, curvature, and depth; human pressure measures explored in this study - density of anthropogenic objects and fishing footprint over the past 17 years - did not mask the natural influence of seabed terrain. The difference in sponge cover between the reefs led to wide variation in ecosystem function with individual reefs processing between 465 and 47,300 L/m2 per day. Collectively, each day the 19 reefs filter 1.04 × 1011 L of water which corresponds to 1% of the total water volume in Strait of Georgia and Howe Sound combined. The reefs remove up to 1 g of carbon per m2 per day, comparable to carbon sequestration rates reported for terrestrial old growth forests and to "blue carbon" sequestration rates by marine vegetation. Implications for sponge reef conservation and monitoring are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Dunham
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada; Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, BC, V9R 5S5, Canada.
| | - S K Archer
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - S C Davies
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - L A Burke
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - J Mossman
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - J R Pegg
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - E Archer
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yeh TC, Liao CS, Chen TC, Shih YT, Huang JC, Zehetner F, Hein T. Differences in N loading affect DOM dynamics during typhoon events in a forested mountainous catchment. Sci Total Environ 2018; 633:81-92. [PMID: 29573694 PMCID: PMC6520230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nutrient dynamics in small mountainous rivers (SMRs) strongly depend on hydrologic conditions, and especially on extreme events. Here, we investigated the quantity and quality of DOM and inorganic nutrients during base-flow and typhoon events, in a chronically N-saturated mainstream and low N-loaded tributaries of a forested small mountainous reservoir catchment in Taiwan. Our results suggest that divergent transport mechanisms were triggered in the mainstream vs. tributaries during typhoons. The mainstream DON increased from 3.4 to 34.7% of the TDN pool with a static DOC:NO3-N ratio and enhanced DOM freshness, signalling a N-enriched DOM transport. Conversely, DON decreased from 46 to 6% of the TDN pool in the tributaries and was coupled with a rapid increase of the DOC:NO3-N ratio and humified DOM signals, suggesting the DON and DOC were passively and simultaneously transported. This study confirmed hydrology and spatial dimensions being the main drivers shaping the composition and concentration of DOM and inorganic nutrients in small mountainous catchments subject to hydrologic extremes. We highlighted that the dominant flow paths largely controlled the N-saturation status and DOM composition within each sub-catchment, the effect of land-use could therefore be obscured. Furthermore, N-saturation status and DOM composition are not only a result of hydrologic dynamics, but potential agents modifying the transport mechanism of solutes export from fluvial systems. We emphasize the importance of viewing elemental dynamics from the perspective of a terrestrial-aquatic continuum; and of taking hydrologic phases and individual catchment characteristics into account in water quality management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tz-Ching Yeh
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz (WCL), Inter-university Research Institute, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Chien-Sen Liao
- Department of Civil and Ecological Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chien Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology (NPUST), Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Shih
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Chuan Huang
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Franz Zehetner
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Hein
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz (WCL), Inter-university Research Institute, Lunz am See, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Prasad M, Tzortzakis N, McDaniel N. Chemical characterization of biochar and assessment of the nutrient dynamics by means of preliminary plant growth tests. J Environ Manage 2018; 216:89-95. [PMID: 28412057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biochar can be produced from several organic sources with varying nutrients and metal concentrations. Four commercial grade biochars were evaluated as peat substitute. Biochars were characterised for plant nutrients and for biological stability. The results showed that there were negligible quantities of N and P and generally high levels of K and high biological stability. When these materials were mixed with peat at 10, 25 and 50% and nutrients were added to bring them to the same level of nutrients as in fertilized peat, it was found that biochar mixtures considerably reduced the levels of calcium chloride/DTPA (CAT) extractable N (including nitrate), P, and electrical conductivity- greater extent with higher rates of biochar addition except for K. The pH and K levels were increased with biochar addition. The drop in EC has important implications regarding the use of other materials used to dilute peat, for example, composted green waste, the rate of dilution is limited due to high EC and biochar addition gives the potential for higher peat dilution of these materials. Nitrate and phosphorus are very vulnerable to leaching of these nutrients in the environment in peat substrates and the binding of these by biochar has implication for leaching and nutrient application strategy. Root development using Cress test and tomato plant height and biomass using containers, were in some cases better than peat indicating that biochar could be used to dilute peat e.g. for seedling production where root development and rapid growth are very important. Application of biochars resulted in a marked reduction of N (and P) in the plant. There were significant correlation between CAT extractable N and P and corresponding plant concentration, indicating the standard growing media test, CAT, would be suitable for assessing the nutrient status of peat biochar mixes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munoo Prasad
- Compost/AD Research & Advisory (IE, CY), Naas, Ireland; Bord na Mona Research Centre, Main Street, Newbridge, Ireland.
| | - Nikos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Nicola McDaniel
- Bord na Mona Research Centre, Main Street, Newbridge, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Awad YM, Lee SS, Kim KH, Ok YS, Kuzyakov Y. Carbon and nitrogen mineralization and enzyme activities in soil aggregate-size classes: Effects of biochar, oyster shells, and polymers. Chemosphere 2018; 198:40-48. [PMID: 29421756 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) and polymers are cost-effective additives for soil quality improvement and long-term sustainability. The additional use of the oyster shells (OS) powder in BC- or polymer-treated soils is recommended as a nutrient source, to enhance aggregation and to increase enzyme activities. The effects of soil treatments (i.e., BC (5 Mg ha-1) and polymers (biopolymer at 0.4 Mg ha-1 or polyacrylamide at 0.4 Mg ha-1) with or without the OS (1%)) on the short-term changes were evaluated based on a 30-day incubation experiment with respect to several variables (e.g., CO2 release, NH4+ and NO3- concentrations, aggregate-size classes, and enzyme activities in an agricultural Luvisol). The BC and BP with the addition of OS increased the portion of microaggregates (<0.25 mm) relative to the control soil without any additions, while PAM alone increased the portion of large macroaggregates (1-2 mm). Concentrations of NO3- also increased in soils treated with OS, OS + BC, and OS + BP as result of the increased chitinase and leucine aminopeptidase activities. The BC and BP when treated with the additional OS had significant short-term impacts on N mineralization without affecting C mineralization in soil. Consequently, the combination of BC or BP with OS was seen to accelerate N turnover without affecting C turnover (and related C losses) from soil. As such, the addition of these additives contributed considerably to the improvement of soil fertility and C sequestration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Mahmoud Awad
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 420049 Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Noman A, Ali Q, Maqsood J, Iqbal N, Javed MT, Rasool N, Naseem J. Deciphering physio-biochemical, yield, and nutritional quality attributes of water-stressed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plants grown from Zn-Lys primed seeds. Chemosphere 2018; 195:175-189. [PMID: 29268176 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage appears to be expedited under the current climate change scenario worldwide. The present work was aimed to investigate the effects of zinc-chelated lysine (Zn-Lys) on germination and yield of water stressed radish plants. The research was comprised of two studies where the effect of Zn-Lys seed priming on germination attributes under PEG-induced water stress was investigated in the first experiment. In the second experiment, growth, physio-biochemical, and yield responses of water-stressed radish plants raised from Zn-Lys primed seeds were recorded. The seeds pre-conditioned with 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, or 6 mg kg-1 of Zn-Lys was grown in petri-dishes and pots. Priming treatments significantly improved the germination attributes under water stress. Plants raised from primed seeds exhibited significant improvements in plant biomass production, leaf photosynthetic pigments, final root yield, and nutritional quality. Furthermore, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were increased, while the melondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased. Root flavonoids, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, protein, carbohydrates, fiber and lysine content were significantly improved due to Zn-Lys seed priming, both under water-stressed and non-stressed conditions. Moreover, plant's mineral nutrients such as K and Ca as well as Mg, Fe, P, and Zn of final harvested roots were also improved due to Zn-Lys seed priming. Overall, for the induction of drought tolerance and nutritional quality, Zn-Lys regimes of 3 and 4.5 mg kg-1 were most effective. It can be inferred that the Zn-Lys priming maintained a potential balance of nutrient uptake and translocation by preventing drought-induced lipid peroxidation of membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Qasim Ali
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Maqsood
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - M Tariq Javed
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jazia Naseem
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jiang Z, Liu S, Zhang J, Zhao C, Wu Y, Yu S, Zhang X, Huang C, Huang X, Kumar M. Newly discovered seagrass beds and their potential for blue carbon in the coastal seas of Hainan Island, South China Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 125:513-521. [PMID: 28818604 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Eight new seagrass beds were discovered along the coastline of Hainan Island in South China Sea with an area of 203.64ha. The leaf N content of all seagrasses was above the median value, indicative of N limitation, with their C:N ratio recorded significantly lower than the limiting criteria. This suggested that N is not limiting but in replete status. Further, the lower C content observed in the seagrass leaves was accompanied by higher nutrient concentration. The mean seagrass biomass C was 0.23±0.16MgCha-1, while the average sediment organic carbon (SOC) stock was 7.02±3.57MgCha-1. The entire SOC stock of the newly discovered seagrass beds was 1306.45 Mg C, and the overall SOC stock of seagrass bed at Hainan Island was 40858.5 Mg C. These seagrass beds are under constant threats from sea reclamation, nutrient input, aquaculture activities for oyster and snail farming, and fishing activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572200, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Songlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572200, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572200, PR China
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572200, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yunchao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572200, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shuo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chi Huang
- College of Marine Life Science, Chinese Ocean University, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bowes MJ, Jarvie HP, Halliday SJ, Skeffington RA, Wade AJ, Loewenthal M, Gozzard E, Newman JR, Palmer-Felgate EJ. Characterising phosphorus and nitrate inputs to a rural river using high-frequency concentration-flow relationships. Sci Total Environ 2015; 511:608-20. [PMID: 25596349 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The total reactive phosphorus (TRP) and nitrate concentrations of the River Enborne, southern England, were monitored at hourly interval between January 2010 and December 2011. The relationships between these high-frequency nutrient concentration signals and flow were used to infer changes in nutrient source and dynamics through the annual cycle and each individual storm event, by studying hysteresis patterns. TRP concentrations exhibited strong dilution patterns with increasing flow, and predominantly clockwise hysteresis through storm events. Despite the Enborne catchment being relatively rural for southern England, TRP inputs were dominated by constant, non-rain-related inputs from sewage treatment works (STW) for the majority of the year, producing the highest phosphorus concentrations through the spring-summer growing season. At higher river flows, the majority of the TRP load was derived from within-channel remobilisation of phosphorus from the bed sediment, much of which was also derived from STW inputs. Therefore, future phosphorus mitigation measures should focus on STW improvements. Agricultural diffuse TRP inputs were only evident during storms in the May of each year, probably relating to manure application to land. The nitrate concentration-flow relationship produced a series of dilution curves, indicating major inputs from groundwater and to a lesser extent STW. Significant diffuse agricultural inputs with anticlockwise hysteresis trajectories were observed during the first major storms of the winter period. The simultaneous investigation of high-frequency time series data, concentration-flow relationships and hysteresis behaviour through multiple storms for both phosphorus and nitrate offers a simple and innovative approach for providing new insights into nutrient sources and dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Bowes
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon. OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - H P Jarvie
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon. OX10 8BB, UK
| | - S J Halliday
- School of Human and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
| | - R A Skeffington
- School of Human and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
| | - A J Wade
- School of Human and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
| | - M Loewenthal
- Environment Agency, Fobney Mead, Reading RG2 0SF, UK
| | - E Gozzard
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon. OX10 8BB, UK
| | - J R Newman
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon. OX10 8BB, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hietz P, Wanek W, Wania R, Nadkarni NM. Nitrogen-15 natural abundance in a montane cloud forest canopy as an indicator of nitrogen cycling and epiphyte nutrition. Oecologia 2002; 131:350-355. [PMID: 28547706 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-002-0896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2001] [Accepted: 01/30/2002] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nutrients obtained by epiphytes may either be of atmospheric origin or from organic matter in the canopy, which decomposes to form canopy soil on large branches. We hypothesised that the N supply for epiphytes on small branches was lower, and a larger proportion provided by rainwater, than for epiphytes rooting in canopy soil. We tested this by measuring the N concentration and isotopic composition in terrestrial and canopy soil and in various canopy compartments of a Costa Rican cloud forest. In general, epiphytes on small branches without canopy soil had lower N foliar concentrations and δ15N signals than plants rooted in canopy soil, suggesting that the former receive a higher proportion of N directly from the rain. Epiphytes on small branches also had less negative δ13C values, indicating more frequent water stress. Epiphytes had lower δ15N values (-3.9±2.3‰) than ground-rooted trees (-1.1±1.6‰), and canopy soil had lower values (0.7±1.2‰) than terrestrial soil (3.8±0.7‰). Assuming that the isotopic effect of terrestrial and canopy soil organic matter formation is similar, our findings support earlier results showing that canopy soil is derived mainly from epiphytes, with only minor inputs from host tree matter. Thus, the epiphyte N cycle appears to be largely detached from the tree-soil cycle. Epiphylls on leaves of understorey shrubs had higher δ15N signals than cryptogams in the upper canopy, as a result of either 15N accumulation in throughfall or increased N2 fixation. The correlation between epiphyll and understorey host leaf δ15N suggests some exchange of N between epiphylls and host leaves. Differences between epiphyte groups also appear to be related to uptake of N through mycorrhizas or N2 fixation. Thus, the source and quantity of N supply is highly variable, depending on the systematic group and canopy position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hietz
- Institute of Botany, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gregor Mendel-Strasse 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Institute of Ecology and Conservation Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rita Wania
- Institute of Ecology and Conservation Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|