1
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Keenan C, Al-Haddawi M, Bienvenu JG, Bradley AE, Brown P, Chen H, Colman K, Elwell M, Gatto N, Goodman D, Jacob B, Lanning L, McKinney L, Muhlbradt E, Perry R, Piaia A, Potenta D, Regan KS, Sefing B, Thibodeau M, Tibbs-Slone E, Woicke J, Zwickl CM. Guide for Combining Primary Tumors for Statistical Analysis in Rodent Carcinogenicity Studies. Toxicol Pathol 2024; 52:13-20. [PMID: 38445634 DOI: 10.1177/01926233241230553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The Tumor Combination Guide was created at the request of the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) by a Working Group of biopharmaceutical experts from international societies of toxicologic pathology, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and members of the Standard for Exchange of Nonclinical Data (SEND) initiative, to assist pharmacology/toxicology reviewers and biostatisticians in statistical analysis of nonclinical tumor data. The guide will also be useful to study and peer review pathologists in interpreting the tumor data. This guide provides a higher-level hierarchy of tumor types or categories correlating the tumor names from the International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND) publications with those available in the NEOPLASM controlled terminology (CT) code list in SEND. The version of CT used in a study should be referenced in the nonclinical study data reviewer's guide (SDRG) (section 3.1) of electronic submissions to the FDA. The tumor combination guide instructions and examples are in a tabular format to make informed decisions for combining tumor data for statistical analysis. The strategy for combining tumor types for statistical analysis is based on scientific criteria gleaned from the current scientific literature; as SEND and INHAND terminology and information evolve, this guide will be updated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul Brown
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Hepei Chen
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dawn Goodman
- Independent Consultant, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Binod Jacob
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lynda Lanning
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - LuAnn McKinney
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Thibodeau
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
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2
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Richards AB, Barker HG, Williams E, Swindell N, Mackintosh KA, Tyler R, Griffiths LJ, Foweather L, Stratton G. Motor Competence between Children with and without Additional Learning Needs: A Cross-Sectional Population-Level Study. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:1537. [PMID: 37761498 PMCID: PMC10529022 DOI: 10.3390/children10091537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine associations in motor competence between children with additional learning needs (ALN) and typically developing children. This cross-sectional study involved a nationally representative cohort of 4555 children (48.98% boys; 11.35 ± 0.65 years) from sixty-five schools across Wales (UK). Demographic data were collected from schools, and children were assessed using the Dragon Challenge assessment of motor competence, which consists of nine tasks completed in a timed circuit. A multi-nominal multi-level model with random intercept was fitted to explore the proficiency between children with ALN and those without. In all nine motor competence tasks, typically developing children demonstrated higher levels of proficiency than their peers with ALN, with these associations evident after accounting for age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. This study highlights motor competence inequalities at a population level and emphasises the need for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to prioritise motor competence development, particularly for children with ALN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie B. Richards
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (A.B.R.); (H.G.B.); (E.W.); (N.S.); (K.A.M.)
| | - Harriet G. Barker
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (A.B.R.); (H.G.B.); (E.W.); (N.S.); (K.A.M.)
| | - Emily Williams
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (A.B.R.); (H.G.B.); (E.W.); (N.S.); (K.A.M.)
| | - Nils Swindell
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (A.B.R.); (H.G.B.); (E.W.); (N.S.); (K.A.M.)
| | - Kelly A. Mackintosh
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (A.B.R.); (H.G.B.); (E.W.); (N.S.); (K.A.M.)
| | - Richard Tyler
- Health Research Institute, Movement Behaviours, Health, and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK;
| | - Lucy J. Griffiths
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK;
| | - Lawrence Foweather
- Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2EX, UK;
| | - Gareth Stratton
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (A.B.R.); (H.G.B.); (E.W.); (N.S.); (K.A.M.)
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3
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Wilmut K, Purcell C. Parent perceptions of cycle training for children with special education needs and disabilities: What drives intention to cycle? Heliyon 2023; 9:e16173. [PMID: 37215865 PMCID: PMC10199200 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Young people with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) are especially vulnerable to physical inactivity. Research has demonstrated the effectiveness of tailored cycle training for children with SEND, however, it is unclear whether this then results in a greater uptake of cycling. Aims To determine parent based perceptions of a SEND cycle training programme, factors which predict intention to cycle more and ongoing barriers to cycling. Methods A tailored questionnaire was distributed to parents of children who took part in the cycle training. Results Parents reported increased confidence in their child's ability to cycle independently with many also highlighting improvements in confidence and resilience. The outcome of the cycle training (level of enjoyment and change in cycling ability) had a positive influence on intention to cycle more while cycling frequency prior to training had a negative influence. Continuing barriers to cycling were identified which included difficulties accessing specialised equipment and a need for additional on-road cycle training. Conclusions and implications This study demonstrates the success of a specialised cycle training programme for children with SEND in terms of improvement to cycling and influences on the intention to cycle more.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Wilmut
- Centre for Psychological Research, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - C. Purcell
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
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4
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Sideropoulos V, Kye H, Dukes D, Samson AC, Palikara O, Van Herwegen J. Anxiety and Worries of Individuals with Down Syndrome During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Study in the UK. J Autism Dev Disord 2022; 53:2021-2036. [PMID: 35106684 PMCID: PMC8806133 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the effects of the pandemic on individuals with Down Syndrome (DS; n = 67) compared to other groups with Special Education Needs and Disabilities (SEND; n = 48) and their Typically Developing Siblings (TDS; n = 56). In total, 115 caregivers reported on their own anxiety and worries and of their children. Anxiety levels for individuals with DS appeared to be lower compared to other SEND populations and to TDS. In terms of worries, individuals with DS worried more about social-related worries but worried less about family-related aspects compared to the other groups. In sum, individuals with DS might show less anxiety but still worried more about specific aspects related to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sideropoulos
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL, Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK.
| | - H Kye
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL, Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Dukes
- Institute of Special Education, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A C Samson
- Institute of Special Education, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Faculty of Psychology, Unidistance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland
| | - O Palikara
- Department for Education Studies, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - J Van Herwegen
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL, Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
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5
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van der Meulen K, Granizo L, Del Barrio C. Emotional Peer Support Interventions for Students With SEND: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2022; 12:797913. [PMID: 35027905 PMCID: PMC8748258 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional peer support systems have benefits for student-student relationships and allow for children and adolescents' participation in schools. For students with specific educational needs and disabilities (SEND), positive relationships seem to be more difficult to attain and these students are more vulnerable to suffer negative peer experiences such as bullying and social exclusion. Systems in which peers can show helpful behavior are beneficial for schools in order to create a positive, supportive climate. Emotional peer support entails social interaction through emotional or practical help based on what these peers have in common and many times with benefits for both. This systematic review identified interventions of emotional peer support in schools for students with SEND. Twenty-three studies were identified that involved four types of befriending: circle of friends, peer buddying, peer networks, and social lunch clubs. Studies reported mainly positive outcomes for both focus students and peer supporters in terms of increased social interaction and social acceptance, as well as enhanced self-esteem and empathy on the individual level. Further bonding of the students by friendship was also perceived, but more precise data is required to draw further conclusions. Support by the school as an institution, the specific role of the teacher, and family participation are important factors related to the impact of peer support systems. Information on these aspects was scarce, and it is recommended to include variables of this nature in future research. Intervention descriptions revealed students' active participation through suggestions for activities, however their involvement in organizing the systems was limited. More research is needed to learn about the opportunities of emotional peer support to improve student-student relationships including the active involvement of the peers themselves in this support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin van der Meulen
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Granizo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y la Educación, Universidad a Distancia de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Del Barrio
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Kent C, Coupland B, Barnard C, Schofield J, Afif-Rider S. The Evolution of SEND at AstraZeneca. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 123:104954. [PMID: 33974947 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Kent
- Regulatory Safety, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Brett Coupland
- Regulatory Safety, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Claire Barnard
- Regulatory Safety, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, UK.
| | - Jason Schofield
- Data Science & AI, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Shameen Afif-Rider
- Regulatory Safety, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA.
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7
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Sato G, Matsumoto I, Watanabe M, Kinomoto T, Nakajima M, Yamamoto M, Inoue Y, Kobayashi K, Tanaharu T, Kiya A, Yamaguchi T, Hayashi H, Motoyama K, Suzuki M, Watanabe K. Qualitative analysis of actual Standard for Exchange of Nonclinical Data ( SEND) datasets for Data Domains: Proposition from Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association SEND Taskforce Team on standardization of nonclinical data. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 122:104919. [PMID: 33753112 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Standard for Exchange of Nonclinical Data (SEND) has been adopted by the US FDA, which has required pharmaceutical companies who are developing new drugs for the US market to implement SEND. The Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA) SEND Taskforce Team responded to this situation by starting a project to better understand the contents of SEND datasets. The project focused on domains generally included in the SEND domains for single- and repeat-dose general toxicology studies, and surveyed what kind of information are populated in which domains and in what way. The qualitative analysis of the results indicated that variations exist based on whether or not an individual variable was populated and on how the variable was populated. The Taskforce Team recommends reducing variations not only in the SEND datasets but also in the descriptions in the study protocol and/or final study report. Reduction of such variations should lead to higher quality datasets with powerful and increased searchability so that accumulated SEND datasets should become more valuable. These efforts would provide regulatory agencies with easier review of SEND datasets, which contributes to efficient development of new drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Sato
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), 2-3-11, Nihombashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0023, Japan; Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan.
| | - Izumi Matsumoto
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), 2-3-11, Nihombashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0023, Japan; Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 3-1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka, 554-0022, Japan
| | - Mayumi Watanabe
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), 2-3-11, Nihombashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0023, Japan; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan
| | - Toshiko Kinomoto
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), 2-3-11, Nihombashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0023, Japan; ZERIA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2512-1, Numagami, Oshikiri, Kumagaya-shi, Saitama, 360-0111, Japan
| | - Mikio Nakajima
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), 2-3-11, Nihombashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0023, Japan; Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku Izunokuni-shi, Shizuoka, 410-2321, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Yamamoto
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), 2-3-11, Nihombashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0023, Japan; MSD K.K., Urban Ace Kitahama Bldg. 2-3-7 Hiranomachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka, 541-0046, Japan
| | - Yuki Inoue
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), 2-3-11, Nihombashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0023, Japan; Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Keita Kobayashi
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), 2-3-11, Nihombashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0023, Japan; Kowa Company, Ltd., 332-1, OhnoShinden, Fuji-city, Shizuoka, 417-8650, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaharu
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), 2-3-11, Nihombashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0023, Japan; Bristol-Myers Squibb K.K., Shinjuku i-Land Tower, 5-1, Nishi-Shinjuku 6-chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-1327, Japan
| | - Akinori Kiya
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), 2-3-11, Nihombashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0023, Japan; Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yamaguchi
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), 2-3-11, Nihombashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0023, Japan; Eli Lilly Japan K.K., LILLY PLAZA ONE Bldg., 5-1-28, Isogamidori, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 651-0086, Japan
| | - Hitomi Hayashi
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), 2-3-11, Nihombashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0023, Japan; Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., 31-12, Shimo 3-chome, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-0042, Japan
| | - Keiko Motoyama
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), 2-3-11, Nihombashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0023, Japan; Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., 3-5-2 Nishi-kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0065, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Suzuki
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), 2-3-11, Nihombashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0023, Japan; Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1188, Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan
| | - Kazuto Watanabe
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), 2-3-11, Nihombashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0023, Japan; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
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8
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Su X, Cai RY, Uljarević M, Van Herwegen J, Dukes D, Yang Y, Peng X, Samson AC. Brief Report: A Cross-Sectional Study of Anxiety Levels and Concerns of Chinese Families of Children With Special Educational Needs and Disabilities Post-first-wave of COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:708465. [PMID: 34616315 PMCID: PMC8488298 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.708465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has a multifaceted impact on mental health due to ill health, restrictions and lockdowns, and loss of employment and institutional support. COVID-19 may disproportionally impact families with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) due to the already higher prevalence of mental health conditions in children with SEND and their parents. Therefore, it is essential to determine the short-term impact of the pandemic on the mental health of families with SEND in order to identify their ongoing health support needs. The current study aims to examine the anxiety level and concerns of children with SEND and their parents living in China. The sample consisted of 271 parents of children with SEND aged between 6 and 17 years (M age = 8.37; SD age = 2.76). Parents completed an online survey between 10 April to 8 June 2020. Both child and parental anxiety levels and various concerns increased after the initial wave of COVID-19 when compared with retrospective pre-COVID-19 levels. Parental anxiety and concern levels were significantly higher for those living in rural areas compared to urban areas. In addition, parental and child anxiety and concern levels were significantly correlated with each other. Parental anxiety at the lowest level made a unique and significant statistical contribution to children's anxiety levels. The implications of the study findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Su
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Education and Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Ying Cai
- Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, Autism Spectrum Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mirko Uljarević
- Faculty of Medicine, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jo Van Herwegen
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Dukes
- Institute of Special Education, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yufang Yang
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Education and Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomei Peng
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Education and Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrea C Samson
- Institute of Special Education, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Psychology, Unidistance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland
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9
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Castro-Kemp S, Gaona C, Grande C, Palikara O. Consistency between provision, outcomes and functioning needs in statutory documents for young children with developmental disabilities in England. Res Dev Disabil 2021; 108:103815. [PMID: 33249341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely accepted that early childhood intervention for children with disabilities should address the assessment-intervention cycle holistically. Documenting both assessment and intervention is important to support provision effectively. In England, the official document that describes needs and provision for children with special educational needs and disabilities is the Education Health and Care plan. This document requires inter-professional collaboration and a focus on children's holistic participation, rather than diagnosis. AIM To examine the consistency between provision, outcomes and needs of young children with disabilities in England, as described in their Education Health and Care plans. METHODS The plans of 68 young children were examined and the relationships between documented needs, outcomes and provision actions analysed. RESULTS provision is more related to children's individual needs, than to their diagnoses, when needs are described in sufficient detail; interdisciplinarity leads to higher quality documentation of provision and outcomes. However, more needs to be done to support professionals in developing higher quality needs descriptions and interdisciplinary collaborations. IMPLICATIONS Training and interdisciplinarity with a common language between professionals have the potential to improve currently observed challenges regarding consistency between provision, needs and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Castro-Kemp
- School of Education, Roehampton University, Roehampton Lane, London SW155PJ, United Kingdom; Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Carolina Gaona
- School of Education, Roehampton University, Roehampton Lane, London SW155PJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Catarina Grande
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Porto University, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Olympia Palikara
- Centre for Education Studies, University of Warwick, Address: Education Studies, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
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10
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Anzai T, Matsuyama T, Wasko M, Hatakeyama H, Horikawa SI, Anzai R, Iwata H, Imai N, Mizuhashi F, Tsuboi M, Okuzono T, Takagi H, Cho H, Rong BTS, Masaki F, Nakae D. Establishment of the Global SEND Alliance (G-SEND) in Japan and efficient creation of electronic SEND datasets between CROs. J Toxicol Pathol 2019; 32:119-126. [PMID: 31092979 PMCID: PMC6511540 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2018-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Standard for Exchange of Nonclinical Data (SEND), adopted by the US Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), is a set of regulations for digitalization and standardization of
nonclinical study data; thus, related organizations have begun implementing processes in
support of SEND. The Global Editorial and Steering Committee (GESC), which provides
oversight of the International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria
(INHAND), has prepared the SEND Controlled Terminology (CT) for toxicologic pathology.
SEND provides electronic data standards created by the Clinical Data Interchange Standards
Consortium (CDISC), and CDISC also collaborates in the implementation of SEND.
Furthermore, the Pharmaceutical Users Software Exchange (PhUSE), which includes members of
the US FDA, has conducted various activities to promote realistic and effective methods to
implement SEND. As we reported in 2015, there is a significant variation in the efficiency
and quality of SEND data implementation across pharmaceutical companies and contractors
(CROs) globally. To address this problem, the Global SEND Alliance (G-SEND) was
established in August 2018 to facilitate the coordination and standardization of SEND
datasets across CROs in Asia. This paper reports the first method for organizationally and
jointly creating consistent SEND datasets between CROs using G-SEND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Anzai
- Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-0064, Japan
| | - Takaaki Matsuyama
- Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-0064, Japan
| | - Michael Wasko
- PDS Life Science, 100 Valley Road, Suite 204, Mt. Arlington, NJ 07856, U.S.A
| | | | - Shin-Ichi Horikawa
- Ina Research Inc., 2148-188 Nishiminowa, Ina-shi, Nagano 399-4501, Japan
| | - Reo Anzai
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Hijiri Iwata
- Laboratory of Toxicologic Pathology, LunaPath LLC, 3-5-1 Aoihigashi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka 433-8114 Japan
| | - Norio Imai
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Fukutaro Mizuhashi
- BioSafety Research Center Inc., 582-2 Shioshinden, Iwata, Shizuoka 437-1213, Japan
| | - Masaru Tsuboi
- Drug Safety Testing Center Co., Ltd., 88-75 Shingo, Higashimatsuyama-shi, Saitama 355-0071, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okuzono
- Drug Development Solutions Division, Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd., 2117 Muramatsu, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1182, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Takagi
- Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hyeon Cho
- Chemon Inc., 240 Nampyeong-ro, Yangji-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17162, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Fumio Masaki
- CMIC Pharma Science Co., Ltd., 10221 Kobuchisawa-cho, Hokuto-shi, Yamanashi 408-0044, Japan
| | - Dai Nakae
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakura-ga-oka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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11
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Castro S, Grande C, Palikara O. Evaluating the quality of outcomes defined for children with Education Health and Care plans in England: A local picture with global implications. Res Dev Disabil 2019; 86:41-52. [PMID: 30658272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the Children and Families Act 2014 was introduced in England to regulate provision for children with disabilities. According to this policy, statements of special educational needs were replaced with education, health and care plans, which should include high-quality, holistic and participation-focused outcomes to regulate provision; this change aligns with international recommendations regarding provision for children with disabilities. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes defined for children with education, health and care plans in England. 236 Education Health and Care plans were included in the analysis, providing 2813 outcomes to be examined, which came from 11 local authorities and 42 schools and belong to 69 girls and 167 boys from 4 to 21 years of age. The outcomes were independently rated by two experienced researchers using a Goal Functionality Scale. Inter-rater agreement was calculated for 10% of the outcomes. Most outcomes were considered not to be functional or high-quality; differences in quality were found between local authorities, types of school, type of outcome, and the children's main need. There are important quality concerns regarding the outcomes that have been designed for children with disabilities in England, which should be addressed through standardised training and guidelines on procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Castro
- Roehampton University, School of Education, Roehampton Lane, London SW155PJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Catarina Grande
- Porto University, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Olympia Palikara
- Roehampton University, School of Education, Roehampton Lane, London SW155PJ, United Kingdom.
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12
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Crabbs TA, McDorman KS. Brief Synopsis: Review of Renal Tubule and Interstitial Anatomy and Physiology and Renal INHAND, SEND, and DIKI Nomenclature. Toxicol Pathol 2018; 46:920-924. [PMID: 30189790 DOI: 10.1177/0192623318798758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a synopsis of the first two presentations from the second scientific session of the 37th Annual Symposium of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology in Indianapolis, Indiana, on June 18, 2018; the session focused on acute kidney injury. The first presentation, given by Dr. Kevin McDorman, focused on "Fundamentals of Renal Tubule and Interstitial Anatomy and Physiology." Several common background findings from toxicity studies were additionally discussed. Lastly, factors that impact the relevance and usefulness of historical control data, such as quality and consistency of histopathology, were discussed. The second presentation, given by Dr. Torrie Crabbs, provided a review of International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND), Standard for Exchange of Nonclinical Data (SEND), and drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) nomenclature. INHAND is a global collaborative project that provides internationally accepted standardized nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for proliferative and nonproliferative changes in laboratory animals in toxicity and carcinogenicity studies. SEND is currently a required standard for data submission to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Since the FDA has indicated its preference for INHAND nomenclature, SEND will predominately use INHAND terminology; thus, familiarity with INHAND terminology is critical for toxicologic pathologists. The diagnostic features of three common DIKI findings, in addition to several complicated INHAND terminologies, were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torrie A Crabbs
- 1 Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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13
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Kaufman L, Gore K, Zandee JC. Data Standardization, Pharmaceutical Drug Development, and the 3Rs. ILAR J 2017; 57:109-119. [PMID: 28053065 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilw030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the efforts, cost, and extensive use of animals for nonclinical research, only a small number of studies have methodically compared findings from animal toxicology studies to those from human clinical trials. Impediments to understanding the translation of nonclinical safety have included the lack of easy access to data and the need for extensive data curation given the diverse terminologies, formats, and data platforms in use. SEND and SDTM study data standards, developed by CDISC and about to become mandated by FDA, can address this and other drug development issues by facilitating access to data in ways that are not currently feasible. A consistent data standard across clinical and nonclinical will discourage the development of data silos, which easily become obstacles to data sharing and maximizing the value of animal and human data. The confluence of rapid scientific advances, increasingly larger quantities of diverse data, technological advances in data mining, and the FDA's requirements for standardized study data create new opportunities for the advancement of drug development and for refinement in the way we use animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kaufman
- Laura Kaufman, PhD, DABT, is an independent consultant based out of New Jersey. Katrina Gore, BSc, MSc, is the founder of KDL Gore Solutions Ltd, Hertfordshire, England. Joyce Chandler Zandee, MS, is Chief Operating Officer at Integrated Nonclinical Development Solutions, Inc, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Katrina Gore
- Laura Kaufman, PhD, DABT, is an independent consultant based out of New Jersey. Katrina Gore, BSc, MSc, is the founder of KDL Gore Solutions Ltd, Hertfordshire, England. Joyce Chandler Zandee, MS, is Chief Operating Officer at Integrated Nonclinical Development Solutions, Inc, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joyce Chandler Zandee
- Laura Kaufman, PhD, DABT, is an independent consultant based out of New Jersey. Katrina Gore, BSc, MSc, is the founder of KDL Gore Solutions Ltd, Hertfordshire, England. Joyce Chandler Zandee, MS, is Chief Operating Officer at Integrated Nonclinical Development Solutions, Inc, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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14
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Watanabe A, Kusuoka O, Sato N, Nakazono O, Wasko M, Potenta D, Nakae D, Hatakeyama H, Iwata H, Naota M, Anzai T. Specific pathologist responses for Standard for Exchange of Nonclinical Data ( SEND). J Toxicol Pathol 2017; 30:201-207. [PMID: 28798527 PMCID: PMC5545672 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2017-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Standard for Exchange of Nonclinical Data (SEND), introduced by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is a scheme for the computerization, electronic application, and screening of preclinical data. Since its establishment, related organizations have been working together to implement SEND. However, it is difficult for individual pharmaceutical companies that often outsource to achieve complete compliance with SEND; hence, the cooperation of contract research organizations (CROs) and SEND Registered Solution Providers (RSPs) is indispensable. In SEND, most data, including those on pathology findings, are converted into controlled terminology (CT), but it is not a simple process to convert findings or levels of severity in the field of pathology, which is a descriptive science. The authors have successfully completed an FDA trial submission for a toxicology test conducted at a CRO and in doing so acquired important knowledge. This article presents a clear picture of such important knowledge from a pathologist's viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Watanabe
- Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni-shi, Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan.,Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Osamu Kusuoka
- Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni-shi, Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sato
- Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni-shi, Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakazono
- Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni-shi, Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan
| | - Michael Wasko
- PDS Life Sciences, 100 Valley Road, Suite 204, Mt. Arlington, NJ 07856, U.S.A
| | - Daniel Potenta
- PDS Life Sciences, 100 Valley Road, Suite 204, Mt. Arlington, NJ 07856, U.S.A
| | - Dai Nakae
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | | | - Hijiri Iwata
- LunaPath LLC, 3-5-1 Aoihigashi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka 433-8114, Japan
| | - Misaki Naota
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Anzai
- PDS Life Sciences, 100 Valley Road, Suite 204, Mt. Arlington, NJ 07856, U.S.A.,Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-0064, Japan
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15
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Brown AP, Drew P, Knight B, Marc P, Troth S, Wuersch K, Zandee J. Graphical display of histopathology data from toxicology studies for drug discovery and development: An industry perspective. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 82:167-172. [PMID: 27769829 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Histopathology data comprise a critical component of pharmaceutical toxicology studies and are typically presented as finding incidence counts and severity scores per organ, and tabulated on multiple pages which can be challenging for review and aggregation of results. However, the SEND (Standard for Exchange of Nonclinical Data) standard provides a means for collecting and managing histopathology data in a uniform fashion which can allow informatics systems to archive, display and analyze data in novel ways. Various software applications have become available to convert histopathology data into graphical displays for analyses. A subgroup of the FDA-PhUSE Nonclinical Working Group conducted intra-industry surveys regarding the use of graphical displays of histopathology data. Visual cues, use-cases, the value of cross-domain and cross-study visualizations, and limitations were topics for discussion in the context of the surveys. The subgroup came to the following conclusions. Graphical displays appear advantageous as a communication tool to both pathologists and non-pathologists, and provide an efficient means for communicating pathology findings to project teams. Graphics can support hypothesis-generation which could include cross-domain interactive visualizations and/-or aggregating large datasets from multiple studies to observe and/or display patterns and trends. Incorporation of the SEND standard will provide a platform by which visualization tools will be able to aggregate, select and display information from complex and disparate datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan P Brown
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Philip Drew
- PDS Consultants, Innovation Centre, 49 Oxford Street, Leicester, LE1 5XY England, UK
| | - Brian Knight
- Boehringer-Ingelheim, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Philippe Marc
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4200, Switzerland
| | - Sean Troth
- Merck & Co., Inc., WP81-404, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Kuno Wuersch
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4200, Switzerland
| | - Joyce Zandee
- Integrated Nonclinical Development Solutions (INDS) Incorporated, 6111 Jackson Road, Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
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16
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Skydsgaard M. International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND) for Lesions in the Minipig. Toxicol Pathol 2015; 44:480-1. [PMID: 26534938 DOI: 10.1177/0192623315614119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND) is a global project establishing diagnostic criteria and nomenclature for both proliferative and nonproliferative changes in laboratory animals. Nonrodent working groups (NRWGs) have been established for the dog, nonhuman primate, minipig, and the rabbit. The Global Editorial and Steering Committee (GESC) oversees the activities of the INHAND projects and is composed of toxicologic pathologists from all of the participating societies. In 2012, INHAND GESC began a collaboration with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) in adapting INHAND terminology for standardized nonclinical data submission to the FDA. The Standard for Exchange of Nonclinical Data is an implementation of the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium Study Data Tabulation Model for nonclinical studies. The NRWG for the minipig consists of toxicologic and diagnostic pathologists from Japan, North America, and Europe, and the group has 15 members including a GESC representative. The NRWGs are reviewing the applicability of the rodent nomenclature for the species and providing terminology unique for the species as well as determining rodent terminology not appropriate for the species. This information will be published with representative illustrations and references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikala Skydsgaard
- Pathology, Non-clinical Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
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Anzai T, Kaminishi M, Sato K, Kaufman L, Iwata H, Nakae D. Responses to the Standard for Exchange of Nonclinical Data ( SEND) in non-US countries. J Toxicol Pathol 2015; 28:57-64. [PMID: 26028814 PMCID: PMC4444503 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2015-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Standard for the Exchange of Nonclinical Data (SEND), adopted by the US FDA, is part of a set of regulations and guidances requiring the submission of standardized electronic study data for nonclinical and clinical data submissions. SEND is the nonclinical implementation of SDTM (Study Data Tabulation Model), the standard electronic format for clinical regulatory submissions to FDA. SEND, SDTM, and the associated Controlled Terminology have been developed by CDISC (Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium). In order to successfully implement SEND, interdisciplinary contributions between sponsors and CROs, need a model for task allocation. This is being undertaken by the Pharmaceutical Users Software Exchange (PhUSE). Because SEND is currently the preferred submission format of the US FDA only and will become required by it starting in December 2016, only American academic societies and companies are actively involved. An exception to this is the INHAND initiative, which leads the way in standardizing terminology for toxicological pathology. On the other hand, international globalization of other clinical and nonclinical practices is not feasible because there are substantial differences between the US and non-US countries in CRO involvement in drug development. Thus, non-US countries must consider and develop approaches to SEND that meet their needs. This paper summarizes the activities of the major organizations involved in SEND development and implementation, discusses the effective use of SEND, and details a compliance scheme (research material of the Showa University School of Medicine) illustrating how pharmaceutical companies can complete a large amount of work up to an FDA application with the effective utilization of CROs and solution providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Anzai
- Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-0064, Japan
| | - Masamichi Kaminishi
- Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-0064, Japan
| | - Keizo Sato
- Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-0064, Japan
| | - Laura Kaufman
- PDS Life Sciences, 100 Valley Road, Suite 204, Mt. Arlington, NJ 07856, U.S.A
| | - Hijiri Iwata
- LunaPath LLC, Aoihigashi 3-5-1, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka 433-8114, Japan
| | - Dai Nakae
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakura-ga-Oka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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18
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Johnson CA, Winkelmann CT, Wise LD. Considerations for conducting imaging studies in support of developmental toxicology studies for regulatory submission. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 48:41-3. [PMID: 24863470 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical imaging technologies are increasingly being applied to developmental toxicology studies in drug development to determine potential compound toxicity. Although most of these studies are conducted in a non-regulatory setting, there is interest in performing these imaging studies under applicable regulations, for example Good Laboratory Practices (GLP), to support regulatory decisions concerning drug safety. This manuscript will describe regulations and processes to consider when bringing an imaging technology into GLP compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colena A Johnson
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, United States.
| | | | - L David Wise
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, United States
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19
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Little AS, Nakaji P, Milligan J. Endoscopic endonasal transmaxillary approach and endoscopic sublabial transmaxillary approach: surgical decision-making and implications of the nasolacrimal duct. World Neurosurg 2012; 80:583-90. [PMID: 22381853 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2012.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nasolacrimal duct resides in the wall of the medial nasal cavity and influences minimal access endoscopic transmaxillary approaches to the lateral skull base. We describe an algorithm for surgical approach selection on the basis of the relationship of the target lesion to a line drawn from the anterior nasal SEptum through the Nasolacrimal Duct to the lesion (i.e., SEND line). METHODS We use the SEND line to estimate the lateral extent in the endonasal middle meatal transmaxillary approach, where the surgeon has good surgical freedom without the use of angled instruments and endoscopes. Lesions with an epicenter lateral to the SEND line were addressed through a sublabial anterior antrostomy transmaxillary corridor. Tumors with a more medially located epicenter, such as those involving the lateral sphenoid sinus and pterygoid plates, were addressed through the endonasal middle meatal corridor. Extensive tumors involving both domains were addressed through a combination approach. RESULTS We describe three instructive cases in which the approach selection was determined in part by preoperative assessment of the location of the tumor relative to the SEND line. CONCLUSIONS The endoscopic sublabial transmaxillary and endoscopic endonasal middle meatal transmaxillary approaches are complementary corridors to the anterior skull base that can be used independently or in combination. The location of the target lesion relative to the SEND line as determined on preoperative imaging can serve as a guide for surgical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Little
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Division of Neurological Surgery, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
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