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Xu J, He K, Ji Y, Liu X, Dai Q. Downregulation of HHATL promotes cardiac hypertrophy via activation of SHH/DRP1. Exp Cell Res 2024; 439:114072. [PMID: 38719175 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
HHATL, previously implicated in cardiac hypertrophy in the zebrafish model, has emerged as a prioritized HCM risk gene. We identified six rare mutations in HHATL, present in 6.94 % of nonsarcomeric HCM patients (5/72). Moreover, a decrease of HHATL in the heart tissue from HCM patients and cardiac hypertrophy mouse model using transverse aortic constriction was observed. Despite this, the precise pathogenic mechanisms underlying HHATL-associated cardiac hypertrophy remain elusive. In this study, we observed that HHATL downregulation in H9C2 cells resulted in elevated expression of hypertrophic markers and reactive oxygen species (ROS), culminating in cardiac hypertrophy and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, the bioactive form of SHH, SHHN, exhibited a significant increase, while the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-like GTPase (DRP1) decreased upon HHATL depletion. Intervention with the SHH inhibitor RU-SKI 43 or DRP1 overexpression effectively prevented Hhatl-depletion-induced cardiac hypertrophy, mitigating disruptions in mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential through the SHH/DRP1 axis. In summary, our findings suggest that HHATL depletion activates SHH signaling, reducing DRP1 levels and thereby promoting the expression of hypertrophic markers, ROS generation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately leading to cardiac hypertrophy. This study provides additional compelling evidence supporting the association of HHATL with cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Keyu He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichen Ji
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiming Dai
- Department of Cardiology, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Holmberg KO, Borgenvik A, Zhao M, Giraud G, Swartling FJ. Drivers Underlying Metastasis and Relapse in Medulloblastoma and Targeting Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1752. [PMID: 38730706 PMCID: PMC11083189 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastomas comprise a molecularly diverse set of malignant pediatric brain tumors in which patients are stratified according to different prognostic risk groups that span from very good to very poor. Metastasis at diagnosis is most often a marker of poor prognosis and the relapse incidence is higher in these children. Medulloblastoma relapse is almost always fatal and recurring cells have, apart from resistance to standard of care, acquired genetic and epigenetic changes that correlate with an increased dormancy state, cell state reprogramming and immune escape. Here, we review means to carefully study metastasis and relapse in preclinical models, in light of recently described molecular subgroups. We will exemplify how therapy resistance develops at the cellular level, in a specific niche or from therapy-induced secondary mutations. We further describe underlying molecular mechanisms on how tumors acquire the ability to promote leptomeningeal dissemination and discuss how they can establish therapy-resistant cell clones. Finally, we describe some of the ongoing clinical trials of high-risk medulloblastoma and suggest or discuss more individualized treatments that could be of benefit to specific subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl O. Holmberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.O.H.); (M.Z.); (G.G.)
| | - Anna Borgenvik
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.O.H.); (M.Z.); (G.G.)
| | - Géraldine Giraud
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.O.H.); (M.Z.); (G.G.)
- Department of Women and Child Health, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Uppsala University Children’s Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J. Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.O.H.); (M.Z.); (G.G.)
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Yamada M, Mizuno S, Inaba M, Uehara T, Inagaki H, Suzuki H, Miya F, Takenouchi T, Kurahashi H, Kosaki K. Truncating variants of the sterol recognition region of SHH cause hypertelorism phenotype rather than hypotelorism-holoprosencephaly. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63614. [PMID: 38562108 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog signaling molecule (SHH) is a key molecule in the cilia-mediated signaling pathway and a critical morphogen in embryogenesis. The association between loss-of-function variants of SHH and holoprosencephaly is well established. In mice experiments, reduced or increased signaling of SHH have been shown to be associated with narrowing or excessive expansion of the facial midline, respectively. Herein, we report two unrelated patients with de novo truncating variants of SHH presenting with hypertelorism rather than hypotelorism. The first patient was a 13-year-old girl. Her facial features included hypertelorism, strabismus, telecanthus, malocclusion, frontal bossing, and wide widow's peak. She had borderline developmental delay and agenesis of the corpus callosum. She had a nonsense variant of SHH: Chr7(GRCh38):g.155802987C > T, NM_000193.4:c.1302G > A, p.(Trp434*). The second patient was a 25-year-old girl. Her facial features included hypertelorism and wide widow's peak. She had developmental delay and agenesis of the corpus callosum. She had a frameshift variant of SHH: Chr7(GRCh38):g.155803072_155803074delCGGinsT, NM_000193.4:c.1215_1217delCCGinsA, p.(Asp405Glufs*92). The hypertelorism phenotype contrasts sharply with the prototypical hypotelorism-holoprosencephaly phenotype associated with loss-of-function of SHH. We concluded that a subset of truncating variants of SHH could be associated with hypertelorism rather than hypotelorism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Yamada
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Mizuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Mie Inaba
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Tomoko Uehara
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Hidehito Inagaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hisato Suzuki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Miya
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takenouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Sun M, Gao Y, Li Z, Yang L, Liu G, Xu Z, Guo R, You Y, Yang Z. ERK signaling expands mammalian cortical radial glial cells and extends the neurogenic period. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314802121. [PMID: 38498715 PMCID: PMC10990156 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314802121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis for cortical expansion during evolution remains largely unknown. Here, we report that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling promotes the self-renewal and expansion of cortical radial glial (RG) cells. Furthermore, FGF-ERK signaling induces bone morphogenic protein 7 (Bmp7) expression in cortical RG cells, which increases the length of the neurogenic period. We demonstrate that ERK signaling and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling mutually inhibit each other in cortical RG cells. We provide evidence that ERK signaling is elevated in cortical RG cells during development and evolution. We propose that the expansion of the mammalian cortex, notably in human, is driven by the ERK-BMP7-GLI3R signaling pathway in cortical RG cells, which participates in a positive feedback loop through antagonizing SHH signaling. We also propose that the relatively short cortical neurogenic period in mice is partly due to mouse cortical RG cells receiving higher SHH signaling that antagonizes ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Yanjing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Zhenmeiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Guoping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Zhejun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Rongliang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Yan You
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Zhengang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
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Lavillaureix A, Rollier P, Kim A, Panasenkava V, De Tayrac M, Carré W, Guyodo H, Faoucher M, Poirel E, Akloul L, Quelin C, Whalen S, Bos J, Broekema M, van Hagen JM, Grand K, Allen-Sharpley M, Magness E, McLean S, Kayserili H, Altunoglu U, En Qi Chong A, Xue S, Jeanne M, Almontashiri N, Habhab W, Vanlerberghe C, Faivre L, Viora Dupont E, Philippe C, Safraou H, Laffargue F, Mittendorf L, Abou Jamra R, Patil SJ, Dalal A, Sarma AS, Keren B, Reversade B, Dubourg C, Odent S, Dupé V. DISP1 deficiency: monoallelic and biallelic variants cause a spectrum of midline craniofacial malformations. Genet Med 2024:101126. [PMID: 38529886 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE DISP1 encodes a transmembrane protein that regulates the secretion of the morphogen, Sonic hedgehog (SHH), a deficiency of which is a major cause of holoprosencephaly (HPE). This disorder covers a spectrum of brain and midline craniofacial malformations. The objective of the present study was to better delineate the clinical phenotypes associated with DISP1 variants. METHODS This study was based on the identification of at least one pathogenic variant of the DISP1 gene in individuals for whom detailed clinical data were available. RESULTS A total of 23 DISP1 variants were identified in heterozygous, compound heterozygous or homozygous states in 25 individuals with midline craniofacial defects. Most cases were minor forms of HPE, with craniofacial features such as orofacial cleft, solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI), and congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS). These individuals had either monoallelic loss-of-function variants or biallelic missense variants in DISP1. In individuals with severe HPE, the DISP1 variants were commonly found associated with a variant in another HPE-linked gene (i.e. oligogenic inheritance). CONCLUSION The genetic findings we have acquired demonstrate a significant involvement of DISP1 variants in the phenotypic spectrum of midline defects. This underlines its importance as a crucial element in the efficient secretion of SHH. We also demonstrated that the very rare SMMCI-CNPAS combination is part of the DISP1-related phenotype. The present study highlights the clinical risks to be flagged up during genetic counseling after the discovery of a pathogenic DISP1 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinoë Lavillaureix
- Génétique clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN-ITHACA, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Paul Rollier
- Génétique clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN-ITHACA, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Artem Kim
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France; Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Veranika Panasenkava
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Marie De Tayrac
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France; Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Wilfrid Carré
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France; Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Hélène Guyodo
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Faoucher
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France; Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Elisabeth Poirel
- Génétique clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN-ITHACA, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Linda Akloul
- Génétique clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN-ITHACA, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Chloe Quelin
- Génétique clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN-ITHACA, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sandra Whalen
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares des anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs, Hôpital Trousseau & Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Bos
- Department of Human Genetics, section Clinical Genetic, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjoleine Broekema
- Department of Human Genetics, section Clinical Genetic, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna M van Hagen
- Department of Human Genetics, section Clinical Genetic, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katheryn Grand
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Emily Magness
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott McLean
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Clinical Genetics, Christus Children's, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Angie En Qi Chong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shifeng Xue
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mederic Jeanne
- Service de génétique, FHU GenOMedS, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Naif Almontashiri
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (CGID), Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wisam Habhab
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU TRANSLAD, Centre hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Genetics of Developmental Disorders, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Eleonore Viora Dupont
- Centre de référence Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares, FHU TRANSLAD, Centre hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Genetics of Developmental Disorders, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Philippe
- Genetics of Developmental Disorders, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des maladies rares, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Hana Safraou
- Genetics of Developmental Disorders, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des maladies rares, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Fanny Laffargue
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, Service de génétique clinique, Clermont Ferrand - France
| | - Luisa Mittendorf
- Department for children and adolescents; University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Ashwin Dalal
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500039, India
| | - Asodu Sandeep Sarma
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500039, India
| | - Boris Keren
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Département de génétique médicale, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A*STAR, Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Disease, Translational research programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National. University of Singapore, Singapore. Department of Medical Genetics,Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics Smart-Health Initiative, BESE, KAUST, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Christèle Dubourg
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France; Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Génétique clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN-ITHACA, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Dupé
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France.
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Li MY, Yang XL, Chung CC, Lai YJ, Tsai JC, Kuo YL, Yu JY, Wang TW. TRIP6 promotes neural stem cell maintenance through YAP-mediated Sonic Hedgehog activation. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23501. [PMID: 38411462 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301805rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
In the adult mammalian brain, new neurons are continuously generated from neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ)-olfactory bulb (OB) pathway. YAP, a transcriptional co-activator of the Hippo pathway, promotes cell proliferation and inhibits differentiation in embryonic neural progenitors. However, the role of YAP in postnatal NSCs remains unclear. Here, we showed that YAP was present in NSCs of the postnatal mouse SVZ. Forced expression of Yap promoted NSC maintenance and inhibited differentiation, whereas depletion of Yap by RNA interference or conditional knockout led to the decline of NSC maintenance, premature neuronal differentiation, and collapse of neurogenesis. For the molecular mechanism, thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6) recruited protein phosphatase PP1A to dephosphorylate LATS1/2, therefore inducing YAP nuclear localization and activation. Moreover, TRIP6 promoted NSC maintenance, cell proliferation, and inhibited differentiation through YAP. In addition, YAP regulated the expression of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway effector Gli2 and Gli1/2 mediated the effect of YAP on NSC maintenance. Together, our findings demonstrate a novel TRIP6-YAP-SHH axis, which is critical for regulating postnatal neurogenesis in the SVZ-OB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiu-Li Yang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chung
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Cheng Tsai
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lin Kuo
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Yah Yu
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Wei Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tang D, Bao H, Qi S. The C9orf72-SMCR8 complex suppresses primary ciliogenesis as a RAB8A GAP. Autophagy 2024. [PMID: 38293807 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2311541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately half of the familial cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontal temporal dementia (FTD) are attributed to the abnormal GGGGCC repeat expansion within the first intron of C9orf72, potentializing C9orf72 and its product as the most promising target for ALS therapeutics. Nevertheless, the biological function of C9orf72 remains unclear. Previously, we reported that C9orf72 and its binding partner, SMCR8, form a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) complex, which is proposed to regulate membrane trafficking and autophagy. Hereby, we found that the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex negatively regulates primary ciliogenesis and hedgehog (HH) signaling. Furthermore, the biochemical analysis and cell biology experiments identified C9orf72 as the RAB8A binding subunit and SMCR8 as the GAP subunit within the complex. Further, we discussed the relationship among the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex, primary ciliogenesis, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hui Bao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, P.R. China
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Goida J, Pilmane M. The presence and distribution of various genes in postnatal CLP-affected palatine tissue. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2024; 46:1. [PMID: 38227085 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-024-00412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide cleft lip with or without a cleft palate (CL/P) is the most common craniofacial birth defect. Apart from changes in facial appearance, additionally affected individuals often suffer from various associated comorbidities requiring complex multidisciplinary treatment with overall high expenses. Understanding the complete pathogenetic mechanisms of CL/P might aid in developing new preventative strategies and therapeutic approaches, help with genetic counselling, and improve quality of life. Many genes have been associated with the development of orofacial clefts; however, the majority require further research. Based on the role of PAX7, PAX9, SHH, SOX3, WNT3A, and WNT9B in orofacial development, the intention was to use chromogenic in situ hybridization to detect the six genes in postnatal CLP-affected palatine tissue and compare their distribution within the tissue samples. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in the distribution of PAX7, PAX9, WNT3A, and WNT9B were observed. In total, 19 pairs of moderate to very strong positive correlations were noted. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the cleft-affected palatine epithelium primarily seem to be associated with the PAX7 gene; however, PAX9, WNT3A, WNT9B, and SOX3 role seems to be more limited. Whilst connective tissue changes seem to depend on PAX7 only, SHH seems to participate individually and indistinctly. Numerous positive correlations reflect the complicating interactions of the pathways and their components in the orofacial cleft morphopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Goida
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, LV-1010, Latvia.
| | - Mara Pilmane
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, LV-1010, Latvia
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9
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Li Z, Liu G, Yang L, Sun M, Zhang Z, Xu Z, Gao Y, Jiang X, Su Z, Li X, Yang Z. BMP7 expression in mammalian cortical radial glial cells increases the length of the neurogenic period. Protein Cell 2024; 15:21-35. [PMID: 37300483 PMCID: PMC10762677 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The seat of human intelligence is the human cerebral cortex, which is responsible for our exceptional cognitive abilities. Identifying principles that lead to the development of the large-sized human cerebral cortex will shed light on what makes the human brain and species so special. The remarkable increase in the number of human cortical pyramidal neurons and the size of the human cerebral cortex is mainly because human cortical radial glial cells, primary neural stem cells in the cortex, generate cortical pyramidal neurons for more than 130 days, whereas the same process takes only about 7 days in mice. The molecular mechanisms underlying this difference are largely unknown. Here, we found that bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) is expressed by increasing the number of cortical radial glial cells during mammalian evolution (mouse, ferret, monkey, and human). BMP7 expression in cortical radial glial cells promotes neurogenesis, inhibits gliogenesis, and thereby increases the length of the neurogenic period, whereas Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling promotes cortical gliogenesis. We demonstrate that BMP7 signaling and SHH signaling mutually inhibit each other through regulation of GLI3 repressor formation. We propose that BMP7 drives the evolutionary expansion of the mammalian cortex by increasing the length of the neurogenic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenmeiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guoping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mengge Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhejun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanjing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zihao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaosu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhengang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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10
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Tophkhane SS, Richman JM. Tissues and signals with true organizer properties in craniofacial development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 157:67-82. [PMID: 38556459 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Transplantation experiments have shown that a true organizer provides instructive signals that induce and pattern ectopic structures in the responding tissue. Here, we review craniofacial experiments to identify tissues with organizer properties and signals with organizer properties. In particular, we evaluate whether transformation of identity took place in the mesenchyme. Using these stringent criteria, we find the strongest evidence for the avian foregut ectoderm. Transplanting a piece of quail foregut endoderm to a host chicken embryo caused ectopic beaks to form derived from chicken mesenchyme. The beak identity, whether upper or lower as well as orientation, was controlled by the original anterior-posterior position of the donor endoderm. There is also good evidence that the nasal pit is necessary and sufficient for lateral nasal patterning. Finally, we review signals that have organizer properties on their own without the need for tissue transplants. Mouse germline knockouts of the endothelin pathway result in transformation of identity of the mandible into a maxilla. Application of noggin-soaked beads to post-migratory neural crest cells transforms maxillary identity. This suggests that endothelin or noggin rich ectoderm could be organizers (not tested). In conclusion, craniofacial, neural crest-derived mesenchyme is competent to respond to tissues with organizer properties, also originating in the head. In future, we can exploit such well defined systems to dissect the molecular changes that ultimately lead to patterning of the upper and lower jaw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti S Tophkhane
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joy M Richman
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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11
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da Cunha JI, Barauna AMD, Garcez RC. Prechordal structures act cooperatively in early trabeculae development of gnathostome skull. Cells Dev 2023; 176:203879. [PMID: 37844659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate skull is formed by mesoderm and neural crest (NC) cells. The mesoderm contributes to the skull chordal domain, with the notochord playing an essential role in this process. The NC contributes to the skull prechordal domain, prompting investigation into the embryonic structures involved in prechordal neurocranium cartilage formation. The trabeculae cartilage, a structure of the prechordal neurocranium, arises at the convergence of prechordal plate (PCP), ventral midline (VM) cells of the diencephalon, and dorsal oral ectoderm. This study examines the molecular participation of these embryonic structures in gnathostome trabeculae development. PCP-secreted SHH induces its expression in VM cells of the diencephalon, initiating a positive feedback loop involving SIX3 and GLI1. SHH secreted by the VM cells of the diencephalon acts on the dorsal oral ectoderm, stimulating condensation of NC cells to form trabeculae. SHH from the prechordal region affects the expression of SOX9 in NC cells. BMP7 and SHH secreted by PCP induce NKX2.1 expression in VM cells of the diencephalon, but this does not impact trabeculae formation. Molecular cooperation between PCP, VM cells of the diencephalon, and dorsal oral ectoderm is crucial for craniofacial development by NC cells in the prechordal domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Isoppo da Cunha
- Graduate Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil; Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory (LACERT), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Maria Duarte Barauna
- Graduate Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil; Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory (LACERT), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Castilho Garcez
- Graduate Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil; Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory (LACERT), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil; Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
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12
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Kotulak-Chrzaszcz A, Kiezun J, Czajkowski M, Matuszewski M, Klacz J, Krazinski BE, Godlewski J, Kmiec Z, Wierzbicki PM. The immunoreactivity of GLI1 and VEGFA is a potential prognostic factor in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1110. [PMID: 37964226 PMCID: PMC10647108 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and its pathogenesis is strongly associated with VHL-HIF-VEGF signaling. SHH ligand is the upstream SHH pathway regulator, while GLI1 is its major effector that stimulates as a transcription factor, i.a. expression of VEGFA gene. The aim of present study was to assess the prognostic significance of SHH, GLI1 and VEGFA immunoreactivity in KIRC tissues. The analysis included paired tumor and normal samples from 34 patients with KIRC. The immunoreactivity of SHH, GLI1 and VEGFA proteins was determined by immunohistochemical (IHC) renal tissues staining. The IHC staining results were assessed using the immunoreactive score (IRS) method which takes into account the number of cells showing a positive reaction and the intensity of the reaction. Increased GLI1 protein immunoreactivity was observed in KIRC tissues, especially in early-stage tumors, according to the TNM classification. Elevated expression of the VEGFA protein was noted primarily in high-grade KIRC samples according to the Fuhrman/WHO/ISUP scale. Moreover, a directly proportional correlation was observed between SHH and VEGFA immunoreactivity in TNM 3 + 4 and Fuhrman/ISUP/WHO 3 + 4 tumor tissues as well as in samples of patients with shorter survival. We also observed an association between shorter patient survival as well as increased and decreased immunoreactivity, of the VEGFA and GLI1, respectively. The aforementioned findings suggest that the expression pattern of SHH, GLI1 and VEGFA demonstrates prognostic potential in KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kotulak-Chrzaszcz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, Gdansk, 80211, Poland.
| | - Jacek Kiezun
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, 10082, Poland
| | - Mateusz Czajkowski
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80402, Poland
| | - Marcin Matuszewski
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80402, Poland
| | - Jakub Klacz
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80402, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej E Krazinski
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, 10082, Poland
| | - Janusz Godlewski
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, 10082, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmiec
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, Gdansk, 80211, Poland
| | - Piotr M Wierzbicki
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, Gdansk, 80211, Poland
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13
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Tauziède-Espariat A, Masliah-Planchon J, Andrianteranagna M, Sievers P, Sahm F, von Deimling A, Hasty L, Delattre O, Beccaria K, Métais A, Chrétien F, Varlet P, Bourdeaut F. Diagnostic accuracy of a minimal immunohistochemical panel in at/rt molecular subtyping, correlated to dna-methylation profiling. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:136. [PMID: 37605249 PMCID: PMC10440909 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01630-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arnault Tauziède-Espariat
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, rue Cabanis, Paris, 75014, France.
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France.
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Julien Masliah-Planchon
- Laboratory of Somatic Genetics, Institut Curie, PMDT, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Mamy Andrianteranagna
- Research In Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology, Laboratory of Translationnal Research in Pediatric Oncology, Institut Curie Institute, SIREDO Center Care, INSERM U830, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Innovation, Paris, France
| | - Philipp Sievers
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lauren Hasty
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, rue Cabanis, Paris, 75014, France
| | | | - Kévin Beccaria
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, APHP, Necker Hospital, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Alice Métais
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, rue Cabanis, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Fabrice Chrétien
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, rue Cabanis, Paris, 75014, France
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, rue Cabanis, Paris, 75014, France
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- Research In Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology, Laboratory of Translationnal Research in Pediatric Oncology, Institut Curie Institute, SIREDO Center Care, INSERM U830, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Innovation, Paris, France
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Hamam SM, Abdelzaher E, Fadel SH, Nassra RA, Sharafeldin HA. Prognostic value of microRNA-125a expression status in molecular groups of pediatric medulloblastoma. Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:1869-1880. [PMID: 36892621 PMCID: PMC10290605 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-05899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Current treatment allows decent survival rates but often with life-long morbidity. Molecular classification provides a base for novel therapeutic approaches. However, these groups are heterogeneous. MicroRNA-125a has a tumor suppressor function. It is downregulated in several tumors. The expression of microRNA-125a in MB patients remains unclear. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the expression of microRNA-125a in molecular groups of pediatric MB patients in Egyptian population and its clinical significance. METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 50 pediatric MB patients were retrospectively collected. Immunohistochemistry for β-catenin, GAB1, YAP1, and p53 was done for molecular classification. MicroRNA-125a expression analysis was done using qRT-PCR. Follow-up data were obtained from patients' records. RESULTS MicroRNA-125a expression was significantly lower in MB patients showing large cell/anaplastic (LC/A) histology and in the non-WNT/non-SHH group. Lower levels of microRNA-125a showed a tendency toward poor survival rates; however, difference was not significant. Infants and larger preoperative tumor size were significantly associated with lower survival rates. On a multivariate analysis, preoperative tumor size was an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION MicroRNA-125a expression was significantly lower in categories of pediatric MB patients with worse prognosis namely LC/A histology and the non-WNT/non-SHH group suggesting a pathogenetic role. MicroRNA-125a expression could represent a promising prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in the non-WNT/non-SHH group which represents the most common and the most heterogeneous group of pediatric MBs coupled with the highest rates of disseminated disease. Preoperative tumor size represents an independent prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheir M Hamam
- Pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdelzaher
- Pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shady H Fadel
- Pediatric Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Nassra
- Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hend A Sharafeldin
- Pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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15
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Vaivads M, Akota I, Pilmane M. Characterization of SHH, SOX3, WNT3A and WNT9B Proteins in Human Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate Tissue. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:151. [PMID: 37366674 DOI: 10.3390/dj11060151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefts have been associated with specific cleft candidate genes which encode regulatory proteins required for orofacial region development. Cleft candidate genes encode proteins involved with the cleft morphopathogenesis process, but their exact interactions and roles are relatively unclear in human cleft tissue. This study evaluates the presence and correlations of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), SRY-Box Transcription Factor 3 (SOX3), Wingless-type Family Member 3A (WNT3A) and 9B (WNT9B) protein containing cells in different cleft tissue. Non-syndromic cleft-affected tissue was subdivided into three groups-unilateral cleft lip (UCL) (n = 36), bilateral cleft lip (BCL) (n = 13), cleft palate (CP) (n = 26). Control tissue was obtained from five individuals. Immunohistochemistry was implemented. The semi-quantitative method was used. Non-parametric statistical methods were applied. A significant decrease in SHH was found in BCL and CP tissue. SOX3, WNT3A and WNT9B had a significant decrease in all clefts. Statistically significant correlations were found. The significant decrease in SHH could be associated with BCL and CP pathogenesis. SOX3, WNT3A and WNT9B could have morphopathogenetic involvement in UCL, BCL, and CP. Similar correlations imply the presence of similar pathogenetic mechanisms in different cleft variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mārtiņš Vaivads
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Akota
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Cleft Lip and Palate Centre, Institute of Stomatology, Riga Stradins University, 20 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Māra Pilmane
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia
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16
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Louryan S, Choa-Duterre M, Lejong M, Vanmuylder N. Are birds pseudoteeth and denticulations related to touch papilla? An investigation in parrot, goose, and chicken. Morphologie 2023; 107:238-251. [PMID: 36481220 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We first studied the morphology and the development of goose denticulations, which develop mainly by a ripple process, and the touch papillae of the bill tip organ, which appears through an evagination process at the end of the beak. During their development, we observed the specific expression of PAX9, PITX2, and BMP4, while SHH was expressed mainly in the basal layer of the epithelium in a non-specific manner. Adult goose denticulations are associated with numerous columns. The goose denticulations and columns were filled with numerous Herbst and Grandry corpuscles, as well the touch papillae of the bill tip organ. Histological analysis of adult parrot pseudoteeth revealed that the osseous pseudoteeth were extended by similar columns filled with Herbst and Grandry corpuscles. We also examined adult and embryonic chicken beaks. During ontogeny, we observed a process of rostral evagination with folding associated with discrete ripples in the anterior part of the beak rudiment, in which PAX9, PITX2, and BMP4 are expressed. In the corresponding adult areas, there were numerous sensory corpuscles with rostral columns, which were similar to the features observed in goose. These observations support the hypothesis that pseudoteeth and denticulations constitute sensory organs, and that the touch papillae exhibit some similarities with pseudoteeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Louryan
- Laboratoire d'anatomie, biomécanique et organogenèse, université libre de Bruxelles, faculté de médecine, 808, route de Lennik, C.P. 619, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - M Choa-Duterre
- Laboratoire d'anatomie, biomécanique et organogenèse, université libre de Bruxelles, faculté de médecine, 808, route de Lennik, C.P. 619, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - M Lejong
- Laboratoire d'anatomie, biomécanique et organogenèse, université libre de Bruxelles, faculté de médecine, 808, route de Lennik, C.P. 619, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - N Vanmuylder
- Laboratoire d'anatomie, biomécanique et organogenèse, université libre de Bruxelles, faculté de médecine, 808, route de Lennik, C.P. 619, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
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17
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Wang Y, Ali M, Zhang Q, Sun Q, Ren J, Wang W, Tang D, Wang D. ATF4 Transcriptionally Activates SHH to Promote Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration of Gastric Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36900220 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a DNA-binding protein widely generated in mammals, which has two biological characteristics that bind the cAMP response element (CRE). The mechanism of ATF4 as a transcription factor in gastric cancer affecting the Hedgehog pathway remains unclear. Here, we observed that ATF4 was markedly upregulated in gastric cancer (GC) using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting assays in 80 paraffin-embedded GC samples and 4 fresh samples and para-cancerous tissues. ATF4 knockdown using lentiviral vectors strongly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of GC cells. ATF4 upregulation using lentiviral vectors promoted the proliferation and invasion of GC cells. We predicted that the transcription factor ATF4 is bound to the SHH promoter via the JASPA database. Transcription factor ATF4 is bound to the promoter region of SHH to activate the Sonic Hedgehog pathway. Mechanistically, rescue assays showed that ATF4 regulated gastric cancer cells' proliferation and invasive ability through SHH. Similarly, ATF4 enhanced the tumor formation of GC cells in a xenograft model.
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18
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Linke F, Johnson JEC, Kern S, Bennett CD, Lourdusamy A, Lea D, Clifford SC, Merry CLR, Stolnik S, Alexander MR, Peet AC, Scurr DJ, Griffiths RL, Grabowska AM, Kerr ID, Coyle B. Identifying new biomarkers of aggressive Group 3 and SHH medulloblastoma using 3D hydrogel models, single cell RNA sequencing and 3D OrbiSIMS imaging. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:6. [PMID: 36631900 PMCID: PMC9835248 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common malignant brain tumour in children, medulloblastoma (MB), is subdivided into four clinically relevant molecular subgroups, although targeted therapy options informed by understanding of different cellular features are lacking. Here, by comparing the most aggressive subgroup (Group 3) with the intermediate (SHH) subgroup, we identify crucial differences in tumour heterogeneity, including unique metabolism-driven subpopulations in Group 3 and matrix-producing subpopulations in SHH. To analyse tumour heterogeneity, we profiled individual tumour nodules at the cellular level in 3D MB hydrogel models, which recapitulate subgroup specific phenotypes, by single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and 3D OrbiTrap Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (3D OrbiSIMS) imaging. In addition to identifying known metabolites characteristic of MB, we observed intra- and internodular heterogeneity and identified subgroup-specific tumour subpopulations. We showed that extracellular matrix factors and adhesion pathways defined unique SHH subpopulations, and made up a distinct shell-like structure of sulphur-containing species, comprising a combination of small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) including the collagen organiser lumican. In contrast, the Group 3 tumour model was characterized by multiple subpopulations with greatly enhanced oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity. Extensive TCA cycle metabolite measurements revealed very high levels of succinate and fumarate with malate levels almost undetectable particularly in Group 3 tumour models. In patients, high fumarate levels (NMR spectroscopy) alongside activated stress response pathways and high Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2; gene expression analyses) were associated with poorer survival. Based on these findings we predicted and confirmed that NRF2 inhibition increased sensitivity to vincristine in a long-term 3D drug treatment assay of Group 3 MB. Thus, by combining scRNAseq and 3D OrbiSIMS in a relevant model system we were able to define MB subgroup heterogeneity at the single cell level and elucidate new druggable biomarkers for aggressive Group 3 and low-risk SHH MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Linke
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James E C Johnson
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stefanie Kern
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher D Bennett
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anbarasu Lourdusamy
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Daniel Lea
- Digital Research Service, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Steven C Clifford
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Catherine L R Merry
- School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Snow Stolnik
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Andrew C Peet
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - David J Scurr
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Anna M Grabowska
- School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian D Kerr
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Beth Coyle
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Rayrikar AY, Wagh GA, Santra MK, Patra C. Ccn2a-FGFR1- SHH signaling is necessary for intervertebral disc homeostasis and regeneration in adult zebrafish. Development 2023; 150:dev201036. [PMID: 36458546 PMCID: PMC10108606 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is the primary cause of back pain in humans. However, the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of IVD degeneration is poorly understood. This study shows that zebrafish IVDs possess distinct and non-overlapping zones of cell proliferation and cell death. We find that, in zebrafish, cellular communication network factor 2a (ccn2a) is expressed in notochord and IVDs. Although IVD development appears normal in ccn2a mutants, the adult mutant IVDs exhibit decreased cell proliferation and increased cell death leading to IVD degeneration. Moreover, Ccn2a overexpression promotes regeneration through accelerating cell proliferation and suppressing cell death in wild-type aged IVDs. Mechanistically, Ccn2a maintains IVD homeostasis and promotes IVD regeneration by enhancing outer annulus fibrosus cell proliferation and suppressing nucleus pulposus cell death through augmenting FGFR1-SHH signaling. These findings reveal that Ccn2a plays a central role in IVD homeostasis and regeneration, which could be exploited for therapeutic intervention in degenerated human discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amey Y. Rayrikar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
- S P Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Ganesh A. Wagh
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
- S P Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Manas K. Santra
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Chinmoy Patra
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
- S P Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
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20
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Wu J, Zhou F, Lai S, Wang W, Wu T, Liu Y, Yang L. Propofol Inhibits Biological Function of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through LINC00475-Mediated Sonic Hedgehog Pathway. Pharmacology 2023; 108:127-137. [PMID: 36516819 DOI: 10.1159/000527200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most deadly cancer. Many signal pathways are implicated in HCC development, including sonic hedgehog (SHH). Propofol is an anesthetic commonly used in surgery. Recent studies have reported that propofol inhibits tumorigenesis and the development of HCC in a dose-dependent manner. The study aimed to identify the mechanism of how the propofol-mediated SHH-signaling molecule works in HCC. METHODS Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion were examined, respectively, through colony formation, TUNEL, caspase-3 activity, and transwell assays. Protein levels of SHH, Ptch1, Smo, and Gli1 were determined via Western blot. RESULTS Propofol could inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induce apoptosis via suppression on SHH to inactivate the SHH pathway. By mechanistic assays, miR-340-5p was identified to target SHH and negatively regulate SHH. Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 475 (LINC00475) was the endogenous sponge of miR-340-5p to upregulate SHH. Finally, the rescue assays were implemented. The activator of the SHH pathway completely rescued the effects of LINC00475 and SHH in propofol-induced HCC cells. CONCLUSION Propofol inhibits HCC cell malignant behaviors via repressing LINC00475 to suppress SHH, thus inactivating the SHH pathway. These new findings might contribute to the understanding and application of propofol in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- JianE Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Fucheng Zhou
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Taian First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Shangshu Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
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21
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Xu J, Liu H, Lan Y, Jiang R. The transcription factors Foxf1 and Foxf2 integrate the SHH, HGF and TGFβ signaling pathways to drive tongue organogenesis. Development 2022; 149:dev200667. [PMID: 36227576 PMCID: PMC10655918 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The tongue is a highly specialized muscular organ with diverse cellular origins, which provides an excellent model for understanding mechanisms controlling tissue-tissue interactions during organogenesis. Previous studies showed that SHH signaling is required for tongue morphogenesis and tongue muscle organization, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that the Foxf1/Foxf2 transcription factors act in the cranial neural crest cell (CNCC)-derived mandibular mesenchyme to control myoblast migration into the tongue primordium during tongue initiation, and thereafter continue to regulate intrinsic tongue muscle assembly and lingual tendon formation. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis and identified Hgf, Tgfb2 and Tgfb3 among the target genes of Foxf2 in the embryonic tongue. Through genetic analyses of mice with CNCC-specific inactivation of Smo or both Foxf1 and Foxf2, we show that Foxf1 and Foxf2 mediate hedgehog signaling-mediated regulation of myoblast migration during tongue initiation and intrinsic tongue muscle formation by regulating the activation of the HGF and TGFβ signaling pathways. These data uncover the molecular network integrating the SHH, HGF and TGFβ signaling pathways in regulating tongue organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Xu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Han Liu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yu Lan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Rulang Jiang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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22
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Zhou P, Xu Y, Yang L, Meng P, Guo J, Liu Z, Jin B, Xie K, Zhu H, Du L, Jin X. Insm1 promotes differentiation of retinal progenitor cells toward photoreceptor cells in the developing retina through up-regulation of SHH. J Mol Histol 2022. [PMID: 36260151 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This article investigated the effect of Insm1 on RPC differentiation in mice and the underlying mechanism. The retinal tissues of mouse embryo at 12.5 days (E12.5) and postnatal 14 days (P14) were collected, following by the detection of Insm1 and corresponding markers by immunofluorescent staining. RPCs isolated from retinal tissues at P1 were cultured in culture medium for 7 days. The differentiation of photoreceptor and glial cells was assessed after RPCs transferred to the differentiation medium for 20 days. Next, the effect of Insm1 overexpression on the differentiation of RPCs toward rod photoreceptor and glial cells were assessed. Insm1 was highly expressed in RPCs of retinal tissues and decline in photoreceptor cells, while hardly expressed in glial cells. Based on the results of Pax-6 positive immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry detection, RPCs were successfully isolated from retinal tissues. After the culture in differentiation medium, RPCs showed positive staining of Rhodopsin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Further results showed that overexpression of Insm1 significantly increased the percentage of Rhodopsin positive cells, and up-regulated Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), hairy and enhancer of split homolog-1(Hes1), S-opsin and Rhodopsin levels, while decreased the percentage of Glutamine synthetase positive cells, and reduced Glutamine synthetase and GFAP levels. Whereas, the effect of Insm1 overexpression on these protein levels were partly abolished by the knockdown of SHH or Hes1. We conclude that Insm1 promotes the differentiation of RPCs into photoreceptor cells in the developing retina through up-regulation of SHH.
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23
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Qi Y, Yang C, Zhao H, Deng Z, Xu J, Liang W, Sun Z, Nieland JDV. Neuroprotective Effect of Sonic Hedgehog Mediated PI3K/AKT Pathway in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Model Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6971-6982. [PMID: 36056982 PMCID: PMC9525365 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is related to the progression of various tumors and nervous system diseases. Still, its specific role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), remains studied. This research investigates the role of SHH and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway proteins on ALS development in a SOD1-G93A transgenic mouse model. After injection of SHH and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibitors or agonists in hSOD1-G93A (9 weeks of age) transgenic mice, we studied skeletal muscle pathology using immunohistochemical staining and Western blot methods. In addition, recorded data on rotation time, weight, and survival were analyzed for these mice. Our study showed that the expression of SHH, Gli-1 and p-AKT in ALS mice decreased with the progression of the disease. The expression of p-AKT changed together with Gli-1 while injecting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibitor or agonist; SHH and Gli-1 protein expression remained unchanged; p-AKT protein expression significantly decreased while injecting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibitor. These results indicate that SHH has a regulatory effect on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In behavioral experiments, we found that the survival time of hSOD1-G93A mice was prolonged by injection of SHH agonist while shortened by injection of SHH inhibitor. In conclusion, we confirmed that the SHH pathway played a neuroprotective role in ALS by mediating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qi
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhanjin Deng
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Zhitang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
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24
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Place E, Manning E, Kim DW, Kinjo A, Nakamura G, Ohyama K. SHH and Notch regulate SOX9+ progenitors to govern arcuate POMC neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:855288. [PMID: 36033614 PMCID: PMC9404380 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.855288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) play key roles in feeding and energy homoeostasis, hence their development is of great research interest. As the process of neurogenesis is accompanied by changes in adhesion, polarity, and migration that resemble aspects of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), we have characterised the expression and regulation within the prospective ARC of transcription factors with context-dependent abilities to regulate aspects of EMT. Informed by pseudotime meta-analysis of recent scRNA-seq data, we use immunohistochemistry and multiplex in situ hybridisation to show that SOX2, SRY-Box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), PROX1, Islet1 (ISL1), and SOX11 are sequentially expressed over the course of POMC neurogenesis in the embryonic chick. Through pharmacological studies ex vivo, we demonstrate that while inhibiting either sonic hedgehog (SHH) or Notch signalling reduces the number of SOX9+ neural progenitor cells, these treatments lead, respectively, to lesser and greater numbers of differentiating ISL1+/POMC+ neurons. These results are consistent with a model in which SHH promotes the formation of SOX9+ progenitors, and Notch acts to limit their differentiation. Both pathways are also required to maintain normal levels of proliferation and to suppress apoptosis. Together our findings demonstrate that hypothalamic neurogenesis is accompanied by dynamic expression of transcription factors (TFs) that mediate EMTs, and that SHH and Notch signalling converge to regulate hypothalamic cellular homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsie Place
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Manning
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Arisa Kinjo
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Go Nakamura
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Ohyama
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Zhao J, Zeng G, Lin E, Cai C, Li P, Zou B, Li J. Combined HIF-1α and SHH Up-Regulation Is a Potential Biomarker to Predict Poor Prognosis in Postoperative Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J INVEST SURG 2022; 35:1660-1667. [PMID: 35768071 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2022.2090034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) or sonic hedgehog (SHH) is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Hypoxia inhibits ferroptosis, which induces cancer cell death. However, the correlation between the combined HIF-1α and SHH up-regulation with prognosis, and the association between SHH and ferroptosis remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate them. METHODS We detected the expression of HIF-1α and SHH in HCC. Cox regression, clinical data, and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed. In vitro cell experiments verified the relationship between HIF-1α and SHH, and observed the invasion of hypoxic HCC cells. The correlation between SHH and ferroptosis was also analyzed. RESULTS HIF-1α and SHH expression levels were significantly correlated with HCC (p < 0.0001). HIF-1α and SHH expression levels were found to be associated with TNM stage (p = 0.0121, p = 0.0078, respectively), vascular invasion (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, respectively), and recurrence (p = 0.0212, p = 0.0392, respectively). The combined upregulation of HIF-1α and SHH was an independent factor for predicting the overall survival (OS) of patients with HCC (p = 0.003), who had the shortest OS (p = 0.0009). SHH paralleled the increase in HIF-1α expression, which promotes cancer cell invasion. The upregulation of SHH was related to the inhibition of the expression of ferroptosis-related factors (FANCD2, p < 0.0001 and FTH1, p = 0.0009) in HCC. CONCLUSION Combined HIF-1α and SHH upregulation is a potentially poor prognosis indicator in patients with HCC because the upregulation of SHH inhibits ferroptosis in hypoxic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guifang Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - En Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Chaonong Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Peiping Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Baojia Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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26
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Sursal T, Ronecker JS, Dicpinigaitis AJ, Mohan AL, Tobias ME, Gandhi CD, Jhanwar-Uniyal M. Molecular Stratification of Medulloblastoma: Clinical Outcomes and Therapeutic Interventions. Anticancer Res 2022; 42:2225-2239. [PMID: 35489737 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric posterior fossa tumor. Recent genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic analyses have classified MB into three subgroups, Wingless Type (WNT), Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), and non-WNT/non-SHH (originally termed Group 3 and Group 4), with discrete patient profiles and prognoses. WNT is the least common subgroup with the best prognosis, characterized by nuclear β-catenin expression, mutations in Catenin beta-1 (CTNNB1), and chromosome 6 monosomy. SHH tumors contain mutations and alterations in GLI1, GLI2, SUFU, and PTCH1 genes, which constitutively activate the SHH pathway. Originally, the presence of TP53 gene alterations and/or MYC amplifications was considered the most reliable prognostic factor. However, recent molecular analyses have subdivided SHH MB into several subtypes with distinct characteristics such as age, TP53 mutation, MYC amplification, presence of metastases, TERT promoter alterations, PTEN loss, and other chromosomal alterations as well as SHH pathway-related gene mutations. The third non-WNT/non-SHH MB (Group3/4) subgroup is genetically highly heterogeneous and displays several molecular patterns, including MYC and OTX2 amplification, GFI1B activation, KBTBD4 mutation, GFI1 rearrangement, PRDM6 enhancer hijacking, KDM6A mutation, LCA histology, chromosome 10 loss, isochromosome 17q, SNCAIP duplication, and CDK6 amplification. However, based on molecular profiling and methylation patterns, additional non-WNT/non-SHH MB subtypes have been described. Recent WHO (2021) guidelines stratified MB into four molecular subgroups with four and eight further subgroups for SHH and non-WNT/non-SHH MB, respectively. In this review, we discuss advancements in genetics, epigenetics, and transcriptomics for better characterization, prognostication, and treatment of MB using precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Sursal
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, U.S.A
| | - Jennifer S Ronecker
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, U.S.A
| | - Alis J Dicpinigaitis
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, U.S.A
| | - Avinash L Mohan
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, U.S.A
| | - Michael E Tobias
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, U.S.A
| | - Chirag D Gandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, U.S.A
| | - Meena Jhanwar-Uniyal
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, U.S.A.
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27
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Kaushik I, Srivastava SK. GABA A receptor agonist suppresses pediatric medulloblastoma progression by inhibiting PKA-Gli1 signaling axis. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2584-2602. [PMID: 35331907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sonic hedgehog-activated subgroup of medulloblastoma (SHH-MB) is one of the most common malignant pediatric brain tumors. Recent clinical studies and genomic databases indicate that GABAA receptor holds significant clinical relevance as a therapeutic target for pediatric MB. Herein, we report that "moxidectin," a GABAA receptor agonist, inhibits the proliferation of Daoy, UW426, UW228, ONS76, and PFSK1 SHH-MB cells by inducing apoptosis. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that moxidectin significantly induced GABAA receptor expression and inhibited cyclic AMP (cAMP)-mediated protein kinase A (PKA)-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-Gli1 signaling in SHH-MB. Gli1 and the downstream effector cancer stem cell (CSC) molecules such as Pax6, Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog were also inhibited by moxidectin treatment. Interestingly, moxidectin also inhibited the expression of MDR1. Mechanistic studies using pharmacological or genetic inhibitors/activators of PKA and Gli1 confirmed that the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of moxidectin were mediated through inhibition of PKA-Gli1 signaling. Oral administration of 2.5 mg/kg moxidectin suppressed the growth of SHH-MB tumors by 55%-80% in subcutaneous and intracranial tumor models in mice. Ex vivo analysis of excised tumors confirmed the observations made in the in vitro studies. Moxidectin is an FDA-approved drug with an established safety record, therefore any positive findings from our studies will prompt its further clinical investigation for the treatment of MB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itishree Kaushik
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Sanjay K Srivastava
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA.
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28
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Kotulak-Chrzaszcz A, Rybarczyk A, Klacz J, Matuszewski M, Kmiec Z, Wierzbicki PM. Expression levels of sonic hedgehog pathway genes and their targets are upregulated in early clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:58. [PMID: 35266008 PMCID: PMC8920499 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and aggressive subtype of kidney cancer, with high mortality rates worldwide. The sonic hedgehog (SHH) molecular cascade is altered in various malignancies in tumorigenesis, and several SHH pathway inhibitors have been considered as potential anticancer drugs. The aim of the present study was to determine the expression profile of SHH signaling components and their target genes in ccRCC. Additionally, the present study examined the effects of SHH pathway inhibitory drugs (RU-SKI43, cyclopamine and GLI-antagonist 61) on cell viability, cell cycle progression, expression levels of SHH target genes and migration ability in 786-O, ACHN and HK2 cells. The study also included paired tumor and normal samples from 62 patients with ccRCC. The mRNA levels in clinical samples and cell lines were measured via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Cell viability was examined using a sulforhodamine B assay. Flow cytometry was used to investigate cell cycle progression and the migratory rate of cells was assessed using a wound healing assay. High mRNA levels of SHH, smoothened (SMO), glioma-associated zinc finger protein (GLI)1-3, BCL2 apoptosis regulator (BCL2), MYC proto-oncogene (MYC), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and cyclin D1 (CCND1) were observed in the tumor tissues, especially in early ccRCC, according to the TNM stage or World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade. High expression levels of VEGFA, as well as low CCND1 mRNA expression, were associated with short overall survival, and increased VEGFA expression was an independent prognostic factor of a poor outcome in patients with advanced ISUP grade (Cox hazard ratio test). Cyclopamine treatment was found to arrest 786-O cells in the G2/M phase and decreased the expression levels of GLI1, BCL2, VEGFA and CCND1. RU-SKI43 inhibited cell migration and decreased the expression levels of BCL2, MYC and CCND1 in ACHN cells. Overall, the results of the present study suggested that SHH signaling may be involved in the early development of ccRCC, and the expression levels of CCND1 and VEGFA may serve as prognostic factors of this disease. Cyclopamine and RU-SKI43 appear to be potential anti-renal cell carcinoma drugs; however, this hypothesis requires verification by further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kotulak-Chrzaszcz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rybarczyk
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jakub Klacz
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80402 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Matuszewski
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80402 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmiec
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr M Wierzbicki
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80211 Gdansk, Poland
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Liu T, Zhang Z, Wang C, Huang H, Li Y. BRD4 promotes the migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells through the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway and enhances cisplatin resistance. Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 100:179-187. [PMID: 35167374 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy is a widely used strategy for bladder cancer (BCa) treatment. However, its clinical efficacy is affected by chemotherapy resistance via complex molecular mechanisms. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new targets for BCa therapy. Here, we showed that bromodomain-4 protein (BRD4) expression is upregulated in BCa tissues and cells. Inhibition of BRD4 attenuated the migration and invasion of BCa cells, which was rescued by the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway activator recombinant human Sonic hedgehog peptide (rhSHH). We further found that cisplatin (DDP) suppressed the migration and invasion of BCa cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. However, overexpression of BRD4 weakened the pharmacological effects of DDP. In brief, our research revealed that BRD4 promotes migration and invasion by positively regulating the SHH pathway, drives DDP resistance in BCa, and is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001 Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001 Anhui, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001 Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001 Anhui, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001 Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001 Anhui, China
| | - Houbao Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001 Anhui, China
| | - Yawei Li
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong, P.R. China
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30
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Hong Z, He X, Yu F, Liu H, Zhang X, Zhang Y. Three Novel Variants of CEP290 and CC2D2DA and a Link Between ZNF77 and SHH Signaling Pathway Are Found in Two Meckel-Gruber Syndrome Fetuses. Reprod Sci 2022. [PMID: 34981460 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00835-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS) is a rare lethal autosomal recessive inherited disorder. Missed diagnosis might happen in clinical works due to an unclear genotype–phenotype correlation. We analyzed two families visiting our center; the parents are normal; each of the family aborted a fetus at 12WG. Following ultrasonography and pathological examination, both were diagnosed as MKS. Whole exome sequencing identified a compound heterozygous of two novel variants of CEP290 and a heterozygous of a novel variant of CC2D2A. Frameshift mutations in ZNF77 were also detected. Western blot analyzing whole-brain tissue showed that the expression of ZNF77, CC2D2A, and CEP290 was enhanced. HEK293T transfected with over-expression wildtype/mutated ZNF77 plasmid showed that SHH was increased in wildtype ZNF77 cells, while SHH and CC2D2A were increased in mutated ZNF77 cells. Our research provided two novel pathogenic variants of CEP290 and CC2D2A and suggested that ZNF77 might promote the expression of CC2D2A and regulate the amount of SHH.
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31
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Suk Y, Gwynne WD, Burns I, Venugopal C, Singh SK. Childhood Medulloblastoma: An Overview. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2423:1-12. [PMID: 34978683 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1952-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, representing 60% of childhood intracranial embryonal tumors. Despite multimodal advances in therapies over the last 20 years that have yielded a 5-year survival rate of 75%, high-risk patients (younger than 3 years, subtotal resection, metastatic lesions at diagnosis) still experience a 5-year overall survival of less than 70%. In this introductory chapter on pediatric MB, we describe the initial discrimination of MB based on histopathological examination and the more recent progress made in global gene expression profiling methods that have allowed scientists to more accurately subclassify and prognosticate on MB based on molecular characteristics. The identification of subtype-specific molecular drivers and pathways presents novel therapeutic targets that could lead to MB subtype-specific treatment modalities. Additionally, we detail how the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis provides an explanation for tumor recurrence, and the potential for CSC-targeted therapies to address treatment-refractory MB. These personalized therapies can potentially increase MB survivorship and negate some of the long-term neurotoxicity associated with the current standard of care for MB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Suk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - William D Gwynne
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Burns
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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32
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Zeng L, Jin JY, Luo FM, Sheng Y, Wu PF, Xiang R. ZPA Regulatory Sequence Variants in Chinese Patients With Preaxial Polydactyly: Genetic and Clinical Characteristics. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:797978. [PMID: 35652055 PMCID: PMC9149355 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.797978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Preaxial polydactyly (PPD) is a common congenital abnormality with an incidence of 0.8-1.4% in Asians, characterized by the presence of extra digit(s) on the preaxial side of the hand or foot. PPD is genetically classified into four subtypes, PPD type I-IV. Variants in six genes/loci [including GLI family zinc finger 3 (GLI3), ZPA regulatory sequence (ZRS), and pre-ZRS region] have been identified in PPD cases. Among these loci, ZRS is, perhaps, the most special and well known, but most articles only reported one or a few cases. There is a lack of reports on the ZRS-variant frequency in patients with PPD. In this study, we recruited 167 sporadic or familial cases (including 154 sporadic patients and 13 families) with PPD from Central-South China and identified four ZRS variants in four patients (2.40%, 4/167), including two novel variants (ZRS131A > T/chr7:g.156584439A > T and ZRS474C > G/chr7:g.156584096C > G) and two known variants (ZRS428T > A/chr7:g.156584142T > A and ZRS619C > T/chr7:g.156583951C > T). ZRS131A > T and ZRS428T > A were detected in PPD I cases and ZRS474C > G and ZRS619C > T combinedly acted to cause PPD II. The detectable rate of ZRS variants in PPD I was 1.60% (2/125), while PPD II was significantly higher (9.52%, 2/21). Three bilateral PPD cases harbored ZRS variants (13.64%, 3/22), suggesting that bilateral PPD was more possibly caused by genetic etiologies. This study identified two novel ZRS variants, further confirmed the association between ZRS and PPD I and reported a rare PPD II case resulted from the compound heterozygote of ZRS. This investigation preliminarily evaluated a ZRS variants rate in patients with PPD and described the general picture of PPD in Central-South China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie-Yuan Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang-Mei Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pan-Feng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Louryan S, Choa-Duterre M, Lejong M, Vanmuylder N. Evolution and development of parrot pseudoteeth. J Morphol 2021; 283:207-218. [PMID: 34910319 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Parrot embryos carry peculiar appendages at their developing beak that have been described as pseudoteeth. To better characterize the pattern of development responsible for the emergence of these dental appendages, we examined parrot embryos combining conventional histology and microtomography approaches. Using immunohistochemistry, we observed the epithelial and mesenchymal expression of several proteins involved in tooth development in mammals. Parrot pseudoteeth arose by epithelial and mesenchymal evagination, and their early development was similar to the ontogeny of scales and feathers. There was no enamel tissue, and the evaginations were surrounded by the rhamphotheca. In adults, the rhamphotheca covers entirely the appendages, now represented by bone evaginations, which were more numerous in the lower than in the upper beak, being similar to the osseous teeth of the fossil Pelagornithidae. These embryonic pseudoteeth resembled reptile's first-generation teeth and dental appendages of chicken talpid2 mutants. Proteins involved in mammalian odontogenesis, such as SHH, BMP4, PITX2, and PAX9, were found to be generally expressed in beak epithelium and mesenchyme during parrot pseudoteeth development, with clusters of high-level expression in the pseudoteeth rudiments. This suggests that a similar, highly conserved gene expression program gives rise to the appearance of odontode derivatives in numerous species, despite their divergent developmental paths. These results provide new insights into the development and evolution of odontode-derived structures in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Louryan
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Biomécanique et Organogenèse (LABO), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Myriam Choa-Duterre
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Biomécanique et Organogenèse (LABO), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie Lejong
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Biomécanique et Organogenèse (LABO), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Vanmuylder
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Biomécanique et Organogenèse (LABO), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Brussels, Belgium
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34
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Lucas JT, Tinkle CL, Huang J, Onar-Thomas A, Srinivasan S, Tumlin P, Becksfort JB, Klimo P, Boop FA, Robinson GW, Orr BA, Harreld JH, Krasin MJ, Northcott PA, Ellison DW, Gajjar A, Merchant TE. Revised clinical and molecular risk strata define the incidence and pattern of failure in medulloblastoma following risk-adapted radiotherapy and dose-intensive chemotherapy: results from a phase III multi-institutional study. Neuro Oncol 2021; 24:1166-1175. [PMID: 34894262 PMCID: PMC9248404 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We characterize the patterns of progression across medulloblastoma (MB) clinical risk and molecular subgroups from SJMB03, a Phase III clinical trial. METHODS One hundred and fifty-five pediatric patients with newly diagnosed MB were treated on a prospective, multi-center phase III trial of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and dose-intense chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant. Craniospinal radiotherapy to 23.4 Gy (average risk, AR) or 36-39.6 Gy (high risk, HR) was followed by conformal RT with a 1 cm clinical target volume to a cumulative dose of 55.8 Gy. Subgroup was determined using 450K DNA methylation. Progression was classified anatomically (primary site failure (PSF) +/- distant failure (DF), or isolated DF), and dosimetrically. RESULTS Thirty-two patients have progressed (median follow-up 11.0 years (range, 0.3-16.5 y) for patients without progression). Anatomic failure pattern differed by clinical risk (P = .0054) and methylation subgroup (P = .0034). The 5-year cumulative incidence (CI) of PSF was 5.1% and 5.6% in AR and HR patients, respectively (P = .92), and did not differ across subgroups (P = .15). 5-year CI of DF was 7.1% vs. 28.1% for AR vs. HR (P = .0003); and 0% for WNT, 15.3% for SHH, 32.9% for G3, and 9.7% for G4 (P = .0024). Of 9 patients with PSF, 8 were within the primary site RT field and 4 represented SHH tumors. CONCLUSIONS The low incidence of PSF following conformal primary site RT is comparable to prior studies using larger primary site or posterior fossa boost volumes. Distinct anatomic failure patterns across MB subgroups suggest subgroup-specific treatment strategies should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Lucas
- Corresponding Author: John T. Lucas Jr., MD, MS, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 210, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA ()
| | - Christopher L Tinkle
- Corresponding Author: Christopher L. Tinkle, MD, PhD, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 210, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA ()
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Arzu Onar-Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Parker Tumlin
- Present affiliation: West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA
| | - Jared B Becksfort
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul Klimo
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Frederick A Boop
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Giles W Robinson
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brent A Orr
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julie H Harreld
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew J Krasin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul A Northcott
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - David W Ellison
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amar Gajjar
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas E Merchant
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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35
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Gamart J, Barozzi I, Laurent F, Reinhardt R, Martins LR, Oberholzer T, Visel A, Zeller R, Zuniga A. SMAD4 target genes are part of a transcriptional network that integrates the response to BMP and SHH signaling during early limb bud patterning. Development 2021; 148:273522. [PMID: 34822715 PMCID: PMC8714076 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SMAD4 regulates gene expression in response to BMP and TGFβ signal transduction, and is required for diverse morphogenetic processes, but its target genes have remained largely elusive. Here, we identify the SMAD4 target genes in mouse limb buds using an epitope-tagged Smad4 allele for ChIP-seq analysis in combination with transcription profiling. This analysis shows that SMAD4 predominantly mediates BMP signal transduction during early limb bud development. Unexpectedly, the expression of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes is precociously downregulated and intracellular cholesterol levels are reduced in Smad4-deficient limb bud mesenchymal progenitors. Most importantly, our analysis reveals a predominant function of SMAD4 in upregulating target genes in the anterior limb bud mesenchyme. Analysis of differentially expressed genes shared between Smad4- and Shh-deficient limb buds corroborates this function of SMAD4 and also reveals the repressive effect of SMAD4 on posterior genes that are upregulated in response to SHH signaling. This analysis uncovers opposing trans-regulatory inputs from SHH- and SMAD4-mediated BMP signal transduction on anterior and posterior gene expression during the digit patterning and outgrowth in early limb buds. Summary: The transcriptional targets of SMAD4 in early limb buds are identified and the largely opposing impact of BMP and SHH signaling on early digit patterning and outgrowth is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gamart
- Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Iros Barozzi
- Functional Genomics Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Reinhardt
- Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurène Ramos Martins
- Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Oberholzer
- Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Axel Visel
- Functional Genomics Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.,School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Rolf Zeller
- Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aimée Zuniga
- Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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36
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Hussein MT, Attaai A, Kamel G, Mokhtar DM. Spatiotemporal expression of sonic hedgehog signalling molecules in the embryonic mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Gene Expr Patterns 2021; 42:119217. [PMID: 34767969 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2021.119217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDA) play an important role in controlling the voluntary motor movement, reward, and emotion-based behaviour. Differentiation of mDA neurons from progenitors depends on several secreted proteins, such as sonic hedgehog (SHH). The present study attempted to elucidate the possible role(s) of some SHH signaling components (Ptch1, Gli1, Gli2 and Gli3) in the spatiotemporal development of mDA neurons along the rostrocaudal axis of the midbrain and their possible roles in differentiation and survival of mDA neurons and the significance of using in vitro models for studying the development of mDA neurons. At E12 and E14, only Ptch1 and Gli1 were expressed in ventrolateral midbrain domains. All examined SHH signalling molecules were not detected in mDA area. Whereas, in MN9D cells, many SHH signalling molecules were expressed and co-localized with the dopaminergic marker; tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and their expression were upregulated with SHH treatment of the MN9D cells. These results suggest that mDA neurons differentiation and survival might be independent of SHH in the late developmental stages (E12-18). Besides, MN9D cell line is not the ideal in vitro model for investigating the differentiation of mDA and hence, the ventral midbrain primary culture might be favored over MN9D line.
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37
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Dottermusch M, Uksul N, Knappe UJ, Erdlenbruch B, Wefers AK. An H3F3A K27M-mutation in a sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma. Brain Pathol 2021; 32:e13024. [PMID: 34747078 PMCID: PMC9048514 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dottermusch
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nesrin Uksul
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, University Hospital of Ruhruniversität Bochum, Minden, Germany
| | - Ulrich J Knappe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, University Hospital of Ruhruniversität Bochum, Minden, Germany
| | - Bernhard Erdlenbruch
- Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, University Department for Children and Adolescents, Ruhr University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Annika K Wefers
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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38
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Cierpikowski P, Lis-Nawara A, Bar J. SHH Expression Is Significantly Associated With Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:5405-5413. [PMID: 34732409 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly invasive malignancy with poor prognosis. Recent reports suggest that Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) plays a key role in tumor progression and worsens the response to therapy, possibly through an association with a cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype. The objective of our study was to investigate the relationship between SHH expression and CSC markers in OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 67 OSCC specimens were immunostained for SHH and CSC markers using specific antibodies and expression was correlated with clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS SHH expression was significantly correlated with CD133 (p=0.026, r=0.272) and SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2; p<0.001, r=0.793). SHH and SOX2 expression were associated with worse survival in OSCC (p=0.003 and p=0.003, respectively). In multivariate analysis SHH and CD44 were independent prognostic biomarkers in patients with OSCC (p=0.001 and p=0.008, respectively). CONCLUSION Our study revealed that SHH overexpression is closely associated with CSC markers, contributing to tumor progression and worse outcomes of patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Cierpikowski
- Department of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Lis-Nawara
- Department of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julia Bar
- Department of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Zang M, Hou J, Huang Y, Wang J, Ding X, Zhang B, Wang Y, Xuan Y, Zhou Y. Crocetin suppresses angiogenesis and metastasis through inhibiting sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in gastric cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 576:86-92. [PMID: 34482028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths and chemoresistance is a key obstacle to the treatment of GC, particularly in advanced GC. As an active component of saffron stigma, crocetin has important therapeutic effects on various diseases including tumors. However, the therapeutic potential of crocetin targeting GC is still unclear and the underlying mechanisms are remained to be further explored. In this study, crocetin significantly inhibited angiogenesis in GC, including tubes of HUVECs and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation of GC cells. Crocetin also suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion. To explore which signaling pathway involving in crocetin, HIF-1α, Notch1, Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and VEGF were examined with crocetin treatment and we found that SHH significantly decreased. Crocetin suppressed SHH signaling with SHH, PTCH2, Sufu and Gli1 protein level decreased in western blot assay. In addition, crocetin suppressed SHH secretion in GC and HUVEC cells. The promoted effects on cell migration induced by secreted SHH were also inhibited by crocetin in GC and HUVEC cell co-culture system. Furthermore, recombinant SHH promoted angiogenesis as well as cell migration and proliferation. However, these promoted effects were reversed by crocetin treatment. These results revealed that crocetin suppressed GC angiogenesis and metastasis through SHH signaling pathway, indicating that crocetin may function as an effective therapeutic drug against GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingde Zang
- Department of Gastric Cancer Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Junyi Hou
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yakai Huang
- Department of Gastric Cancer Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jiangli Wang
- Department of Gastric Cancer Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xusheng Ding
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Baogui Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89 Guhuai Road, Rencheng District, Jining City, 272000, PR China
| | - Yanong Wang
- Department of Gastric Cancer Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yi Xuan
- Department of Gastric Cancer Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Gastric Cancer Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
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40
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Korshunov A, Okonechnikov K, Stichel D, Ryzhova M, Schrimpf D, Sahm F, Sievers P, Absalyamova O, Zheludkova O, Golanov A, Jones DTW, Pfister SM, von Deimling A, Kool M. Integrated molecular analysis of adult sonic hedgehog ( SHH)-activated medulloblastomas reveals two clinically relevant tumor subsets with VEGFA as potent prognostic indicator. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:1576-1585. [PMID: 33589929 PMCID: PMC8408884 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to now, adult medulloblastoma (MB) patients are treated according to the protocols elaborated for pediatric MB although these tumors are different in terms of clinical outcomes and biology. Approximately 70% of adult MB disclose a sonic hedgehog (SHH) molecular signature in contrast to about 30% in pediatric cohorts. In addition, adult SHH-MB (aSHH-MB) are clinically heterogeneous but there is consensus neither on their optimal treatment nor on risk stratification. Thus, the identification of clinically relevant molecular subsets of aSHH-MB and identification of potential treatment targets remains inconclusive. METHODS We analyzed 96 samples of institutionally diagnosed aSHH-MB through genome-wide DNA methylation profiling, targeted DNA sequencing, and RNA sequencing to identify molecular subcategories of these tumors and assess their prognostic significance. RESULTS We defined two aSHH-MB numerically comparable epigenetic subsets with clinical and molecular variability. The subset "aSHH-MBI" (46%/48%) was associated with PTCH1/SMO (54%/46%) mutations, "neuronal" transcriptional signatures, and favorable outcomes after combined radio-chemotherapy (5-year PFS = 80% and OS = 92%). The clinically unfavorable "aSHH-MBII" subset (50%/52%; 5-year PFS = 24% and OS = 45%) disclosed GLI2 amplifications (8%), loss of 10q (22%), and gene expression signatures associated with angiogenesis and embryonal development. aSHH-MBII tumors revealed strong and ubiquitous expression of VEGFA both at transcript and protein levels that was correlated with unfavorable outcome. CONCLUSIONS (1) The histologically uniform aSHH-MB cohort exhibits clear molecular heterogeneity separating these tumors into two molecular subsets (aSHH-MBI and aSHH-MBII), which are associated with different cytogenetics, mutational landscapes, gene expression signatures, and clinical course. (2) VEGFA appears to be a promising biomarker to predict clinical course, which needs further prospective validation as its potential role in the pathogenesis of this subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Korshunov
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology (B300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Okonechnikov
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Damian Stichel
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology (B300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Ryzhova
- N.N. Burdenko Neurosurgical Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniel Schrimpf
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology (B300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology (B300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Sievers
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology (B300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Olga Zheludkova
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Russian Scientific Center of Radiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Golanov
- N.N. Burdenko Neurosurgical Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Pediatric Glioma Research Group (B360), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology & Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology (B300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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41
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Mecklenburg N, Kowalczyk I, Witte F, Görne J, Laier A, Mamo TM, Gonschior H, Lehmann M, Richter M, Sporbert A, Purfürst B, Hübner N, Hammes A. Identification of disease-relevant modulators of the SHH pathway in the developing brain. Development 2021; 148:272000. [PMID: 34463328 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic gene variants in humans that affect the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway lead to severe brain malformations with variable penetrance due to unknown modifier genes. To identify such modifiers, we established novel congenic mouse models. LRP2-deficient C57BL/6N mice suffer from heart outflow tract defects and holoprosencephaly caused by impaired SHH activity. These defects are fully rescued on a FVB/N background, indicating a strong influence of modifier genes. Applying comparative transcriptomics, we identified Pttg1 and Ulk4 as candidate modifiers upregulated in the rescue strain. Functional analyses showed that ULK4 and PTTG1, both microtubule-associated proteins, are positive regulators of SHH signaling, rendering the pathway more resilient to disturbances. In addition, we characterized ULK4 and PTTG1 as previously unidentified components of primary cilia in the neuroepithelium. The identification of genes that powerfully modulate the penetrance of genetic disturbances affecting the brain and heart is likely relevant to understanding the variability in human congenital disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Mecklenburg
- Disorders of the Nervous System, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Izabela Kowalczyk
- Disorders of the Nervous System, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Witte
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Görne
- Disorders of the Nervous System, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alena Laier
- Disorders of the Nervous System, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamrat M Mamo
- Disorders of the Nervous System, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannes Gonschior
- Cellular Imaging, Light Microscopy, Leibniz-Research Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Cellular Imaging, Light Microscopy, Leibniz-Research Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Richter
- Advanced Light Microscopy Technology Platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anje Sporbert
- Advanced Light Microscopy Technology Platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Purfürst
- Electron microscopy technology platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Hammes
- Disorders of the Nervous System, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
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42
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de Castro VF, Mattos D, de Carvalho FM, Cavalcanti DP, Duenas-Roque MM, Llerena J, Cosentino VR, Honjo RS, Leite JCL, Sanseverino MT, de Souza MPA, Bernardi P, Bolognese AM, Santana da Silva LC, Barbero P, Correia PS, Bueno LSM, Savastano CP, Orioli IM. New SHH and Known SIX3 Variants in a Series of Latin American Patients with Holoprosencephaly. Mol Syndromol 2021; 12:219-233. [PMID: 34421500 DOI: 10.1159/000515044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the failure of the embryonic forebrain to develop into 2 hemispheres promoting midline cerebral and facial defects. The wide phenotypic variability and causal heterogeneity make genetic counseling difficult. Heterozygous variants with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity in the SHH, SIX3, ZIC2, and TGIF1 genes explain ∼25% of the known causes of nonchromosomal HPE. We studied these 4 genes and clinically described 27 Latin American families presenting with nonchromosomal HPE. Three new SHH variants and a third known SIX3 likely pathogenic variant found by Sanger sequencing explained 15% of our cases. Genotype-phenotype correlation in these 4 families and published families with identical or similar driver gene, mutated domain, conservation of residue in other species, and the type of variant explain the pathogenicity but not the phenotypic variability. Nine patients, including 2 with SHH pathogenic variants, presented benign variants of the SHH, SIX3, ZIC2, and TGIF1 genes with potential alteration of splicing, a causal proposition in need of further studies. Finding more families with the same SIX3 variant may allow further identification of genetic or environmental modifiers explaining its variable phenotypic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Freitas de Castro
- ECLAMC at Departamento de Genética, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniel Mattos
- ECLAMC at Departamento de Genética, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Flavia Martinez de Carvalho
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,ECLAMC at Laboratorio Epidemiol. Malformações Congênitas, IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Milagros M Duenas-Roque
- ECLAMC at Servicio de Genética, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins/EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Juan Llerena
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,ECLAMC at Centro de Genética Médica, IFF/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pricila Bernardi
- Núcleo de Genética Clínica, Departamento de Clínica Médica/UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Bolognese
- Departamento de Ortodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Santana da Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Erros Inatos de Metabolismo, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/UFP, Belém, Brazil
| | - Pablo Barbero
- RENAC, Centro Nacional de Genética Médica Dr. Eduardo E. Castilla/MS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Iêda Maria Orioli
- ECLAMC at Departamento de Genética, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Henao-Restrepo J, Caro-Urrego YA, Barrera-Arenas LM, Arango-Viana JC, Bermudez-Munoz M. Expression of activator proteins of SHH/GLI and PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 signaling pathways in human gliomas is associated with high grade tumors. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 122:104673. [PMID: 34371011 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings have demonstrated a synergic crosstalk between SHH/GLI and PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 signaling in glioblastoma progression cells in vitro and in tumors in mice, but it is not known if this also occurs in human gliomas. We then aimed to investigate the expression of key proteins of these pathways in different human gliomas. The expression of PTEN, phospho-Akt (Ser473), phospho-S6K1 (Thr389), SHH, GLI1, GLI2 and GLI3 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in gliomas and in control brain tissues. The pattern of expression of each protein was established according to glioma type, glioma grade and to cell type; the relative expression of each protein was used to perform statistical analyses. We found that the expression of proteins of both signaling pathways differs between normal brain and glioma tissues. For instance, normal astrocytes had a different protein expression pattern compared with reactive and tumoral astrocytes. Interestingly, we detected a recurrent pattern of expression of GLI3 in oligodendrocytes and of phospho-S6K1 in mitotic neoplastic cells. We also identified differences of cell signaling according to glioma type: oligodendrogliomas and ependymomas are related with the expression of SHH/GLI proteins. Finally, we detected that high grade gliomas statistically correlate with the expression of GLI1 and GLI2, and that GLI1, GLI2, phospho-Akt and phospho-S6K1 are more expressed in patients with less survival, suggesting that activation of these cell signaling influences glioma outcome and patient survival. In summary, our results show that proteins of PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 and SHH/GLI pathways are differentially expressed in human gliomas according to tumor type and grade, and suggest that the activation of these signaling networks is associated with glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Henao-Restrepo
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 #53-108, 050010 Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Yudys Anggelly Caro-Urrego
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Cra. 51d #62-29, 050010 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lina Marcela Barrera-Arenas
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Health Sciences Faculty, University Corporation Remington, Calle 51 #51-27, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Juan Carlos Arango-Viana
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Cra. 51d #62-29, 050010 Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Maria Bermudez-Munoz
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 #53-108, 050010 Medellín, Colombia.
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Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common CNS embryonal tumor. While the overall cure rate is around 70%, patients with high‐risk disease continue to have poor outcome and experience long‐term morbidity. MB is among the tumors for which diagnosis, risk stratification, and clinical management has shown the most rapid advancement. These advances are largely due to technological improvements in diagnosis and risk stratification which now integrate histomorphologic classification and molecular classification. MB stands as a prototype for other solid tumors in how to effectively integrate morphology and genomic data to stratify clinicopathologic risk and aid design of innovative clinical trials for precision medicine. This review explores the current diagnostic and classification of MB in modern neuropathology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A Orr
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105
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45
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Abstract
It is found that the activation of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is related to the degree of inflammation in patients suffering from periodontitis. Cullin3 (CUL3), an important ubiquitin ligase, can control SHH signaling. In this study, we were dedicated to clarify the roles of SHH and CUL3 in P. gingivalis-LPS (Pg-LPS)-treated periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). In this study, cell viability was detected using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The inflammatory cytokines of PDLSCs were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). With the application of western blots, the protein levels of SHH, Gli1 and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were determined. Alkaline phosphatase staining and Alizarin red staining were performed to evaluate the differentiation and mineralization capabilities of PDLSCs. The apoptotic cells were screened using TUNEL staining. The results showed that Pg-LPS inhibited cell viability and triggered inflammation of PDLSCs. Overexpression of CUL3 weakened the differentiation and mineralization capabilities of PDLSCs. Moreover, CUL3 overexpression aggravated inflammation and cell apoptosis induced by Pg-LPS. It is worth noting that although the protein levels of SHH, Gli1 and Nrf2 were elevated in PDLSCs treated with Pg-LPS, overexpression of CUL3 decreased the expressions of Gli1 and Nrf2. Overall, SHH/Gli1 and Nrf2 were involved in the inflammation and cell apoptosis of PDLSCs, which was dominated by CUL3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhong Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiangling Su
- Department of Stomatology, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shixiong Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chun Shi
- Department of Endodontics and Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Baroni LV, Sampor C, Gonzalez A, Lubieniecki F, Lamas G, Rugilo C, Bartels U, Heled A, Smith KS, Northcott PA, Bouffet E, Alderete D, Ramaswamy V. Bridging the treatment gap in infant medulloblastoma: molecularly informed outcomes of a globally feasible regimen. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:1873-1881. [PMID: 32413139 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infant medulloblastoma represents an enormous challenge in neuro-oncology, due to their simultaneous high-risk of recurrence and high risk of severe neurodevelopmental sequelae with craniospinal irradiation. Currently infant medulloblastoma are treated with intensified protocols, either comprising intraventricular methotrexate or autologous transplant, both of which carry significant morbidity and are not feasible in the majority of the world. We sought to evaluate the molecular predictors of outcome in a cohort of infants homogeneously treated with induction chemotherapy, focal radiation and maintenance chemotherapy. METHODS In a retrospective analysis, 29 young children treated with a craniospinal irradiation sparing strategy from Hospital Garrahan in Buenos Aires were profiled using Illumina HumanMethylationEPIC arrays, and correlated with survival. RESULTS Twenty-nine children (range, 0.3-4.6 y) were identified, comprising 17 sonic hedgehog (SHH), 10 Group 3/4, and 2 non-medulloblastomas. Progression-free survival (PFS) across the entire cohort was 0.704 (95% CI: 0.551-0.899). Analysis by t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding revealed 3 predominant groups, SHHβ, SHHγ, and Group 3. Survival by subtype was highly prognostic with SHHγ having an excellent 5-year PFS of 100% (95% CI: 0.633-1) and SHHβ having a PFS of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.42-1). Group 3 had a PFS of 0.50 (95% CI: 0.25-1). Assessment of neurocognitive outcome was performed in 11 patients; the majority of survivors fell within the low average to mild intellectual disability, with a median IQ of 73.5. CONCLUSIONS We report a globally feasible and effective strategy avoiding craniospinal radiation in the treatment of infant medulloblastoma, including a robust molecular correlation along with neurocognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena V Baroni
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Service of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Sampor
- Service of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gonzalez
- Service of Interdisciplinary Clinic, Hospital JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Gabriela Lamas
- Service of Pathology, Hospital JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Rugilo
- Service of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ute Bartels
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ayala Heled
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle S Smith
- Developmental Neurobiology, Brain Tumor Research Division, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Paul A Northcott
- Developmental Neurobiology, Brain Tumor Research Division, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Alderete
- Service of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hupfer A, Brichkina A, Adhikary T, Lauth M. The mammalian Hedgehog pathway is modulated by ANP32 proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 553:78-84. [PMID: 33761414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Transcriptional profiling has so far delineated four major MB subgroups of which one is driven by uncontrolled Hedgehog (Hh) signaling (SHH-MB). This pathway is amenable to drug targeting, yet clinically approved compounds exclusively target the transmembrane component Smoothened (SMO). Unfortunately, drug resistance against SMO inhibitors is encountered frequently, making the identification of novel Hh pathway components mandatory, which could serve as novel drug targets in the future. Here, we have used MB as a tool to delineate novel modulators of Hh signaling and have identified the Acidic Nuclear Phosphoprotein 32 (ANP32) family of proteins as novel regulators. The expression of all three family members (ANP32A, ANP32B, ANP32E) is increased in Hh-induced MB and their expression level is negatively associated with overall survival in SHH-MB patients. Mechanistically, we could find that ANP32 proteins function as positive modulators of mammalian Hh signaling upstream of GLI transcription factors. These findings add hitherto unknown regulators to the mammalian Hh signaling cascade and might spur future translational efforts to combat Hh-driven malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hupfer
- Philipps University Marburg, Center for Tumor- and Immune Biology (ZTI), Clinics of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infectiology, Germany
| | - Anna Brichkina
- Philipps University Marburg, Center for Tumor- and Immune Biology (ZTI), Clinics of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infectiology, Germany
| | - Till Adhikary
- Philipps University Marburg, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research, Germany
| | - Matthias Lauth
- Philipps University Marburg, Center for Tumor- and Immune Biology (ZTI), Clinics of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infectiology, Germany.
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Jiao X, Rahimi Balaei M, Abu-El-Rub E, Casoni F, Pezeshgi Modarres H, Dhingra S, Kong J, Consalez GG, Marzban H. Reduced Granule Cell Proliferation and Molecular Dysregulation in the Cerebellum of Lysosomal Acid Phosphatase 2 (ACP2) Mutant Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2994. [PMID: 33804256 PMCID: PMC7999993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal acid phosphatase 2 (Acp2) mutant mice (naked-ataxia, nax) have a severe cerebellar cortex defect with a striking reduction in the number of granule cells. Using a combination of in vivo and in vitro immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, BrdU assays, and RT-qPCR, we show downregulation of MYCN and dysregulation of the SHH signaling pathway in the nax cerebellum. MYCN protein expression is significantly reduced at P10, but not at the peak of proliferation at around P6 when the number of granule cells is strikingly reduced in the nax cerebellum. Despite the significant role of the SHH-MycN pathway in granule cell proliferation, our study suggests that a broader molecular pathway and additional mechanisms regulating granule cell development during the clonal expansion period are impaired in the nax cerebellum. In particular, our results indicate that downregulation of the protein synthesis machinery may contribute to the reduced number of granule cells in the nax cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Jiao
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Maryam Rahimi Balaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Ejlal Abu-El-Rub
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
- Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Filippo Casoni
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Hassan Pezeshgi Modarres
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Sanjiv Dhingra
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Jiming Kong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Giacomo G Consalez
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Hassan Marzban
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
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Kp M, Kumar A, Biswas D, Moiyadi A, Shetty P, Gupta T, Epari S, Shirsat N, Srivastava S. The proteomic analysis shows enrichment of RNA surveillance pathways in adult SHH and extensive metabolic reprogramming in Group 3 medulloblastomas. Brain Tumor Pathol 2021; 38:96-108. [PMID: 33438046 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-020-00391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma, a common malignant brain tumor in children, comprises four molecular subgroups WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4. In the present study, we performed a deep proteome-based investigation of SHH, Group 3 and Group 4 tumors. The adult SHH medulloblastomas were found to have a distinct proteomic profile. Several RNA metabolism-related pathways including mRNA splicing, 5' to 3' RNA decay, 3' to 5' RNA decay by the RNA exosome, and the N6-methyladenosine modification of RNA were enriched in adult SHH tumors. The heightened expression of the RNA surveillance pathways is likely to be essential for the viability of adult SHH subgroup medulloblastomas, which carry mutations in U1snRNA encoding gene and thus could be a vulnerability of these tumors. Group 3 and Group 4 medulloblastomas, on the other hand, are known to have an overlap in their expression profiles and underlying genetic alterations. Group 3 proteome was found to be distinctively enriched in several metabolic pathways including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glutamine anabolism, glutathione-mediated anti-oxidant pathway, and drug metabolism pathway suggests that the extensive metabolic rewiring is likely to be responsible for the aggressive clinical behavior of Group 3 tumors. This comprehensive proteomic analysis has provided valuable insight into the biology of Group 3 and adult SHH medulloblastomas, which could be further explored for effective treatment of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manubhai Kp
- Proteomics Lab, Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Anurag Kumar
- Department Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Deeptarup Biswas
- Proteomics Lab, Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Aliasgar Moiyadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Prakash Shetty
- Department of Neurosurgery, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Tejpal Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Sridhar Epari
- Department of Pathology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Neelam Shirsat
- Shirsat Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Proteomics Lab, Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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Mullard M, Cadé M, Morice S, Dupuy M, Danieau G, Amiaud J, Renault S, Lézot F, Brion R, Thepault RA, Ory B, Lamoureux F, Corre I, Brounais-LeRoyer B, Rédini F, Verrecchia F. Sonic Hedgehog Signature in Pediatric Primary Bone Tumors: Effects of the GLI Antagonist GANT61 on Ewing's Sarcoma Tumor Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3438. [PMID: 33228057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The poor clinical outcomes for Osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) patients underscore the urgency of developing novel therapeutic strategies for these pathologies. In this context, the emerging role of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling in cancer has been critically evaluated, focusing on the potential for targeting SHH signaling as an anticancer strategy. The aims of this work were (1) to highlight and to compare a possible SHH/Gli signature between OS and ES, (2) to strengthen our knowledge concerning the role of EWS-FLI1 in the SHH signature in ES and (3) to evaluate the effect of the specific Gli inhibitor GANT61 in vivo on the growth of ES tumors using an orthotopic mice model. Our work identifies Gli1 as a promising therapeutic target in ES and demonstrates that GANT61, through inhibition of Gli1 transcriptional activity, may be a promising therapeutic strategy hindering ES tumor progression, and specifically primary tumor growth. Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) are the most common malignant bone tumors in children and adolescents. In many cases, the prognosis remains very poor. The Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway, strongly involved in the development of many cancers, regulate transcription via the transcriptional factors Gli1-3. In this context, RNAseq analysis of OS and ES cell lines reveals an increase of some major compounds of the SHH signaling cascade in ES cells, such as the transcriptional factor Gli1. This increase leads to an augmentation of the transcriptional response of Gli1 in ES cell lines, demonstrating a dysregulation of Gli1 signaling in ES cells and thus the rationale for targeting Gli1 in ES. The use of a preclinical model of ES demonstrates that GANT61, an inhibitor of the transcriptional factor Gli1, reduces ES primary tumor growth. In vitro experiments show that GANT61 decreases the viability of ES cell, mainly through its ability to induce caspase-3/7-dependent cell apoptosis. Taken together, these results demonstrates that GANT61 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for inhibiting the progression of primary ES tumors.
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