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Todisco V, Fridolfsson E, Axén C, Dahlgren E, Ejsmond MJ, Hauber MM, Hindar K, Tibblin P, Zöttl M, Söderberg L, Hylander S. Thiamin dynamics during the adult life cycle of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). J Fish Biol 2024; 104:807-824. [PMID: 37823583 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Thiamin is an essential water-soluble B vitamin known for its wide range of metabolic functions and antioxidant properties. Over the past decades, reproductive failures induced by thiamin deficiency have been observed in several salmonid species worldwide, but it is unclear why this micronutrient deficiency arises. Few studies have compared thiamin concentrations in systems of salmonid populations with or without documented thiamin deficiency. Moreover, it is not well known whether and how thiamin concentration changes during the marine feeding phase and the spawning migration. Therefore, samples of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were collected when actively feeding in the open Baltic Sea, after the sea migration to natal rivers, after river migration, and during the spawning period. To compare populations of Baltic salmon with systems without documented thiamin deficiency, a population of landlocked salmon located in Lake Vänern (Sweden) was sampled as well as salmon from Norwegian rivers draining into the North Atlantic Ocean. Results showed the highest mean thiamin concentrations in Lake Vänern salmon, followed by North Atlantic, and the lowest in Baltic populations. Therefore, salmon in the Baltic Sea seem to be consistently more constrained by thiamin than those in other systems. Condition factor and body length had little to no effect on thiamin concentrations in all systems, suggesting that there is no relation between the body condition of salmon and thiamin deficiency. In our large spatiotemporal comparison of salmon populations, thiamin concentrations declined toward spawning in all studied systems, suggesting that the reduction in thiamin concentration arises as a natural consequence of starvation rather than to be related to thiamin deficiency in the system. These results suggest that factors affecting accumulation during the marine feeding phase are key for understanding the thiamin deficiency in salmonids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Todisco
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Emil Fridolfsson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Axén
- Section for Fish, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elin Dahlgren
- Institution of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maciej J Ejsmond
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Science, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marc M Hauber
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Kjetil Hindar
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Petter Tibblin
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Markus Zöttl
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Linda Söderberg
- Institution of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Samuel Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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2
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Berger MM, Shenkin A, Dizdar OS, Amrein K, Augsburger M, Biesalski HK, Bischoff SC, Casaer MP, Gundogan K, Lepp HL, de Man AME, Muscogiuri G, Pietka M, Pironi L, Rezzi S, Schweinlin A, Cuerda C. ESPEN practical short micronutrient guideline. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:825-857. [PMID: 38350290 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trace elements and vitamins, named together micronutrients (MNs), are essential for human metabolism. The importance of MNs in common pathologies is recognized by recent research, with deficiencies significantly impacting the outcome. OBJECTIVE This short version of the guideline aims to provide practical recommendations for clinical practice. METHODS An extensive search of the literature was conducted in the databases Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and CINAHL for the initial guideline. The search focused on physiological data, historical evidence (for papers published before PubMed release in 1996), and observational and/or randomized trials. For each MN, the main functions, optimal analytical methods, impact of inflammation, potential toxicity, and provision during enteral or parenteral nutrition were addressed. The SOP wording was applied for strength of recommendations. RESULTS The limited number of interventional trials prevented meta-analysis and led to a low level of evidence for most recommendations. The recommendations underwent a consensus process, which resulted in a percentage of agreement (%): strong consensus required of >90 % of votes. Altogether the guideline proposes 3 general recommendations and specific recommendations for the 26 MNs. Monitoring and management strategies are proposed. CONCLUSION This short version of the MN guideline should facilitate handling of the MNs in at-risk diseases, whilst offering practical advice on MN provision and monitoring during nutritional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette M Berger
- Faculty of Biology & Medicine, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alan Shenkin
- Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Oguzhan Sıtkı Dizdar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Unit, University of Health Sciences Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Karin Amrein
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Austria.
| | - Marc Augsburger
- University Centre of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Michael P Casaer
- KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kursat Gundogan
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | | | - Angélique M E de Man
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Research VUmc Intensive Care (REVIVE), Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science (ACS), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam Medical Data Science (AMDS), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università di Napoli (Federico II), Naples, Italy; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Magdalena Pietka
- Pharmacy Department, Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital, Skawina, Poland.
| | - Loris Pironi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy; Centre for Chronic Intestinal Failure, IRCCS AOUBO, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Serge Rezzi
- Swiss Nutrition and Health Foundation, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Schweinlin
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Cristina Cuerda
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Nutrition Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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Stentz R, Cheema J, Philo M, Carding SR. A Possible Aquatic Origin of the Thiaminase TenA of the Human Gut Symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. J Mol Evol 2023; 91:482-491. [PMID: 37022443 PMCID: PMC10277260 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
TenA thiamin-degrading enzymes are commonly found in prokaryotes, plants, fungi and algae and are involved in the thiamin salvage pathway. The gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) produces a TenA protein (BtTenA) which is packaged into its extracellular vesicles. An alignment of BtTenA protein sequence with proteins from different databases using the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) and the generation of a phylogenetic tree revealed that BtTenA is related to TenA-like proteins not only found in a small number of intestinal bacterial species but also in some aquatic bacteria, aquatic invertebrates, and freshwater fish. This is, to our knowledge, the first report describing the presence of TenA-encoding genes in the genome of members of the animal kingdom. By searching metagenomic databases of diverse host-associated microbial communities, we found that BtTenA homologues were mostly represented in biofilms present on the surface of macroalgae found in Australian coral reefs. We also confirmed the ability of a recombinant BtTenA to degrade thiamin. Our study shows that BttenA-like genes which encode a novel sub-class of TenA proteins are sparingly distributed across two kingdoms of life, a feature of accessory genes known for their ability to spread between species through horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Stentz
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Norwich, UK.
| | - Jitender Cheema
- Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Mark Philo
- Core Science Resources, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Simon R Carding
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Berger MM, Shenkin A, Schweinlin A, Amrein K, Augsburger M, Biesalski HK, Bischoff SC, Casaer MP, Gundogan K, Lepp HL, de Man AME, Muscogiuri G, Pietka M, Pironi L, Rezzi S, Cuerda C. ESPEN micronutrient guideline. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1357-1424. [PMID: 35365361 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trace elements and vitamins, named together micronutrients (MNs), are essential for human metabolism. Recent research has shown the importance of MNs in common pathologies, with significant deficiencies impacting the outcome. OBJECTIVE This guideline aims to provide information for daily clinical nutrition practice regarding assessment of MN status, monitoring, and prescription. It proposes a consensus terminology, since many words are used imprecisely, resulting in confusion. This is particularly true for the words "deficiency", "repletion", "complement", and "supplement". METHODS The expert group attempted to apply the 2015 standard operating procedures (SOP) for ESPEN which focuses on disease. However, this approach could not be applied due to the multiple diseases requiring clinical nutrition resulting in one text for each MN, rather than for diseases. An extensive search of the literature was conducted in the databases Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and CINAHL. The search focused on physiological data, historical evidence (published before PubMed release in 1996), and observational and/or randomized trials. For each MN, the main functions, optimal analytical methods, impact of inflammation, potential toxicity, and provision during enteral or parenteral nutrition were addressed. The SOP wording was applied for strength of recommendations. RESULTS There was a limited number of interventional trials, preventing meta-analysis and leading to a low level of evidence. The recommendations underwent a consensus process, which resulted in a percentage of agreement (%): strong consensus required of >90% of votes. Altogether the guideline proposes sets of recommendations for 26 MNs, resulting in 170 single recommendations. Critical MNs were identified with deficiencies being present in numerous acute and chronic diseases. Monitoring and management strategies are proposed. CONCLUSION This guideline should enable addressing suboptimal and deficient status of a bundle of MNs in at-risk diseases. In particular, it offers practical advice on MN provision and monitoring during nutritional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette M Berger
- Department of Adult Intensive Care, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alan Shenkin
- Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Anna Schweinlin
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Karin Amrein
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Austria.
| | - Marc Augsburger
- University Centre of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Michael P Casaer
- KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kursat Gundogan
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | | | - Angélique M E de Man
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Research VUmc Intensive Care (REVIVE), Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science (ACS), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam Medical Data Science (AMDS), Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università di Napoli (Federico II), Naples, Italy; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II, University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Magdalena Pietka
- Pharmacy Department, Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital, Skawina, Poland.
| | - Loris Pironi
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Centre for Chronic Intestinal Failure - Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Italy.
| | - Serge Rezzi
- Swiss Nutrition and Health Foundation (SNHf), Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Cristina Cuerda
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Nutrition Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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Amirani E, Aghadavod E, Shafabakhsh R, Asemi Z, Tabassi Z, Panahandeh I, Naderi F, Abed A. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of thiamin supplements in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:2085-2090. [PMID: 32722956 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1779212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of thiamin supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 60 patients with GDM. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either 100 mg/day thiamin supplements (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 6 weeks. RESULTS Thiamin supplementation significantly decreased serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (β - 0.98 mg/L; 95% CI, -1.54, -0.42; p = .001) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (β - 0.86 µmol/L; 95% CI, -1.15, -0.57; p < .001) when compared with the placebo. In addition, thiamin supplementation downregulated gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (p = .002) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with GDM. Thiamin supplementation did not affect other biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Overall, thiamin supplementation for 6 weeks to patients with GDM significantly reduced hs-CRP and MDA levels, and gene expression of TNF-α, but did not affect other biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinical Trials.govIdentifier no. http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20170513033941N58.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Tabassi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ida Panahandeh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naderi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Abed
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Abstract
A huge number of proteins that occur in the body have to be folded into a specific shape in order to become functional. Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids and the folding process is exquisitely complex. When this folding process is inhibited, the respective protein is referred to as being misfolded and nonfunctional. So the hypothesis that follows is in regard to the diseases that are caused by the misfolding of vital proteins and their reported relationship with thiamin metabolism. These diseases are termed proteopathies and there are at least 50 different conditions in which the mechanism is importantly related to a misfolded protein. In the brain, thiamin deficiency causes a cascade of events involving mild impairment of oxidative metabolism, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, including the pathology of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, all of which are examples of proteopathies. Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders related to the conformational alteration of the prion protein (PrP C) into a pathogenic and protease-resistant isoform (PrPSc). The physiological form (PrP C) is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed mainly in the central nervous system. Despite numerous efforts to elucidate its role, the exact biological function remains unknown. Prion-induced diseases, due to the conformational change in the protein, are a global health problem, with lack of effective therapy and 100% mortality. Thiamin and its derivatives bind the prion protein and intermolecular actions have been noted between thiamin and other thiamin-binding proteins, although the exact importance of this is conjectural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Lonsdale
- Cleveland Clinic, 28575 Westlake Village Dr., Westlake, OH 44145, United States.
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Azizi-Namini P, Ahmed M, Yan AT, Desjardins S, Al-Hesayen A, Mangat I, Keith M. Prevalence of Thiamin Deficiency in Ambulatory Patients with Heart Failure. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:1160-1167. [PMID: 30928321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiamin is a required coenzyme in energy production reactions that fuel myocardial contraction. Therefore, thiamin deficiency (TD) may aggravate cardiac dysfunction in patients with systolic heart failure (HF). OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of TD in ambulatory participants with HF as well as the relationships between thiamin status and HF severity, dietary thiamin intake, diuretic use, and circulating neurohormones. DESIGN A cross-sectional study comparing the prevalence of TD in ambulatory patients with HF with that of controls. Demographic, anthropometric, nutrition, medication use, and heart function data were collected from direct interviewing, questionnaires, and medical records. Blood samples were obtained to measure levels of neurohormones and assess TD. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Fifty age-matched control participants without HF and 100 outpatients with HF and reduced left ventricular function were recruited from clinics at St Michael's Hospital, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, between September 2009 and February 2011. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES To assess TD, erythrocyte thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. TD was defined as TPP<6.07 μg/dL (180 nmol/L). STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Prevalence rates were analyzed using χ2 test. Nonparametric statistics (Jonckheere-Terpstra, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman's correlation) were used to assess TPP levels in relation to HF severity, medication use and plasma concentrations of F2-isoprostanes, norepinephrine, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). RESULTS There was no significant difference in the prevalence of TD in outpatients with HF (6%) and controls (6%) (P=0.99). No relationship was found between heart function, thiamin intake, use or dose of diuretics, and TD. A positive relationship was observed between erythrocyte TPP and F2-isoprostane levels (rs=0.22, P=0.03) but not between erythrocyte TPP and norepinephrine (P=0.45) and NT-proBNP (P=0.58). CONCLUSION The prevalence of TD was low in ambulatory HF participants suggesting that, unlike hospitalized patients, ambulatory patients may be at a low risk for TD.
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Zhang M, Liu H, Huang X, Shao L, Xie X, Wang F, Yang J, Pei P, Zhang Z, Zhai Y, Wang Q, Zhang T, Huang J, Cui X. A novel LC-MS/MS assay for vitamin B 1, B 2 and B 6 determination in dried blood spots and its application in children. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1112:33-40. [PMID: 30844694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiamin, riboflavin and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) concentrations are useful indices for evaluating vitamin B1, B2 and B6 status. Several HPLC assays have been developed for determining thiamin, riboflavin and PLP in biological matrix. However, no existing LC-MS/MS methods can be used to quantify thiamin, riboflavin and PLP in dried blood spots (DBSs), which are often used as a sampling/storage vessel for blood from infants and children. This study evaluated the validity, reliability and stability of an LC-MS/MS assay for measuring thiamin, riboflavin and PLP in DBS cards. DBS samples were deproteinized by adding trichloroacetic acid containing thiamine-[13C4], riboflavin-[13C4,15N2] and pyridoxal-d3 as internal standards. Thiamin, riboflavin and PLP were separated on a C8 column with a 5-min run time. Both the between-run and within-run variable coefficients (CV% values) were < 8.56%. The accuracies were good and showed relative errors (RE% values) from -7.40% to 3.12%. The lower limits of quantification (LLOQs) ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 ng/mL, and the recoveries were from 81.49% to 112.23% for all 3 analytes. The matrix effects (ME% values) were acceptable, and the CV% values of the internal standard-normalized matrix factors were <15% (n = 6). Thiamin, riboflavin and PLP were stable on the DBS card during at least 15 days of room-temperature storage under vacuum in the dark, and the measurements of thiamin, riboflavin and PLP in the DBSs showed good agreement with the corresponding concentrations determined from liquid blood (R2 values >0.96). The validated method was successfully applied to the nutritional assessment of vitamins B1, B2, and B6 in 48 Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - HongJun Liu
- IPhase Pharma Services, Beijing 101111, China
| | - XiaoLan Huang
- Clinical Central Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - LiJun Shao
- IPhase Pharma Services, Beijing 101111, China
| | - XiaoLu Xie
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Neurology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Clinical Central Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | | | | | - Qian Wang
- IPhase Pharma Services, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - XiaoDai Cui
- Clinical Central Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
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Johnson CR, Fischer PR, Thacher TD, Topazian MD, Bourassa MW, Combs GF. Thiamin deficiency in low- and middle-income countries: Disorders, prevalences, previous interventions and current recommendations. Nutr Health 2019; 25:127-151. [PMID: 30798767 DOI: 10.1177/0260106019830847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiamin deficiency is a major public health concern in several low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)-current attention to the problem is lacking. AIM This review discusses prevalence of thiamin insufficiency and thiamin-deficiency disorders (TDDs) in LMICs, outlines programmatic experience with thiamin interventions, and offers recommendations to improve public-health and research attention to thiamin in LMICs. DISCUSSION Thiamin insufficiency, i.e. low-blood-thiamin status, is endemic among several Southeast Asian countries: Cambodia (70-100% of infants and 27-100% of reproductive-age women); Laos (13% of hospitalized infants); Thailand (16-25% of children and 30% of elderly adults). Thiamin deficiency accounts for up to 45% of under-5 deaths in Cambodia, 34% of infant deaths in Laos, and 17% of infant deaths in Myanmar. Deficiency also exists in Africa, Asia, and the Americas, but these instances have typically been isolated. Exclusively breastfed infants of thiamin-deficient mothers are at highest risk for TDD and related death. Intervention strategies that have been employed to combat thiamin deficiency include food processing, fortification, supplementation, dietary diversification, and dietary behaviors, all of which have shown varying levels of effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS We recommend universal thiamin-fortification of context-specific staple-foods in LMICs as a promising solution, as well as thiamin supplementation, particularly for pregnant and lactating women. Food processing regulations, dietary diversification, and modification of dietary behaviors to increase consumption of thiamin-rich foods may provide benefits in some circumstances, especially in countries without universal fortification programs or in populations dependent on food aid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip R Fischer
- 2 Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | | | - Mark D Topazian
- 4 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Megan W Bourassa
- 5 The Sackler Institute for Nutrition Science, The New York Academy of Sciences, New York, USA
| | - Gerald F Combs
- 6 Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, USA
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Hanson AD, Amthor JS, Sun J, Niehaus TD, Gregory JF, Bruner SD, Ding Y. Redesigning thiamin synthesis: Prospects and potential payoffs. Plant Sci 2018; 273:92-99. [PMID: 29907313 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Thiamin is essential for plant growth but is short-lived in vivo and energetically very costly to produce - a combination that makes thiamin biosynthesis a prime target for improvement by redesign. Thiamin consists of thiazole and pyrimidine moieties. Its high biosynthetic cost stems from use of the suicide enzyme THI4 to form the thiazole and the near-suicide enzyme THIC to form the pyrimidine. These energetic costs lower biomass yield potential and are likely compounded by environmental stresses that destroy thiamin and hence increase the rate at which it must be made. The energy costs could be slashed by refactoring the thiamin biosynthesis pathway to eliminate the suicidal THI4 and THIC reactions. To substantiate this design concept, we first document the energetic costs of the THI4 and THIC steps in the pathway and explain how cutting these costs could substantially increase crop biomass and grain yields. We then show that a refactored pathway must produce thiamin itself rather than a stripped-down analog because the thiamin molecule cannot be simplified without losing biological activity. Lastly, we consider possible energy-efficient alternatives to the inefficient natural THI4- and THIC-mediated steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Hanson
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | | | - Jiayi Sun
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas D Niehaus
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jesse F Gregory
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven D Bruner
- Chemistry Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yousong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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11
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Beaudoin GAW, Johnson TS, Hanson AD. The PLUTO plastidial nucleobase transporter also transports the thiamin precursor hydroxymethylpyrimidine. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180048. [PMID: 29507060 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20180048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, the hydroxymethylpyrimidine (HMP) and thiazole precursors of thiamin are synthesized and coupled together to form thiamin in plastids. Mutants unable to form HMP can be rescued by exogenous HMP, implying the presence of HMP transporters in the plasma membrane and plastids. Analysis of bacterial genomes revealed a transporter gene that is chromosomally clustered with thiamin biosynthesis and salvage genes. Its closest Arabidopsis homolog, the plastidic nucleobase transporter (PLUTO), is co-expressed with several thiamin biosynthetic enzymes. Heterologous expression of PLUTO in Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased sensitivity to a toxic HMP analog, and disrupting PLUTO in an HMP-requiring Arabidopsis line reduced root growth at low HMP concentrations. These data implicate PLUTO in plastidial transport and salvage of HMP.
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12
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Moldovan MA, Petrova SA, Gelfand MS. Comparative genomic analysis of fungal TPP-riboswitches. Fungal Genet Biol 2018; 114:34-41. [PMID: 29548845 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Riboswitches are conserved RNA structures located in non-coding regions of mRNA and able to bind small molecules (e.g. metabolites) changing conformation upon binding. This feature enables them to function as regulators of gene expression. The thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) riboswitch is the only type of riboswitches found not only in bacteria, but also in eukaryotes - in plants, green algae, protists, and fungi. Two main mechanisms of fungal TPP riboswitch action, involving alternative splicing, have been established so far. Here, we report a large-scale bioinformatic study of riboswitch structural features, action mechanisms, and distribution along the fungal taxonomy groups. For each putatively regulated gene, we reconstruct the riboswitch structure, identify other components of the regulation machinery, and establish mechanisms of riboswitch-mediated regulation. In addition to three genes known to be regulated by TPP riboswitches, thiazole synthase THI4, hydroxymethilpyrimidine-syntase NMT1, and putative transporter NCU01977, we identify two new genes, a putative thiamin transporter THI9 and a transporter of unknown specificity. While the riboswitch sequence and structure remain highly conserved in all species and genes, the mode of riboswitch-mediated regulation varies between regulated genes. The riboswitch usage varies strongly between fungal taxa, with the largest number of riboswitch-regulated genes found in Pezizomycotina and no riboswitch-mediated regulation established in Saccaromycotina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Moldovan
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, RAS, Bolshoy Karetny per. 19, Moscow 127051, Russia; Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory 1-73, Moscow 119991, Russia,; Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143028, Russia.
| | - Svetlana A Petrova
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, RAS, Bolshoy Karetny per. 19, Moscow 127051, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Gelfand
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, RAS, Bolshoy Karetny per. 19, Moscow 127051, Russia; Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory 1-73, Moscow 119991, Russia,; Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143028, Russia; Faculty of Computer Science, Higher School of Economics, Kochnovsky pr. 3, Moscow 125319, Russia
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13
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Tonduti D, Invernizzi F, Panteghini C, Pinelli L, Battaglia S, Fazzi E, Zorzi G, Moroni I, Garavaglia B, Chiapparini L, Nardocci N. SLC19A3 related disorder: Treatment implication and clinical outcome of 2 new patients. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2018; 22:332-335. [PMID: 29287834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Encephalopathies with neostriatal involvement constitute a heterogeneous group of acquired and genetically inherited conditions that include Bilateral Striatal Necrosis (BSN) and other Striatal Lesions (SL) (Tonduti et al). We describe two new patients suffering from BSN due to biallelic SLC19A3 mutations. In the first patient vitamin supplementation was started early on, resulting in the remission of the clinical picture, and an almost complete normalization of the neuroradiological findings. In the second one treatment was started late, compliance was irregular and the resulting clinical outcome was poor. The clinical outcome of our two patients confirms and further stresses the importance of the early administration of vitamin supplementation in all patients presenting with neostriatal lesions, or clear bilateral striatal necrosis. Patient 2 didn't present any additional episode of acute decompensation after the age of 20 years despite having completely stopped treatment. This suggests the existence of an age dependency of thiamin requirement in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Tonduti
- Child Neurology Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
| | - Federica Invernizzi
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Celeste Panteghini
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pinelli
- Neuroradiology Unit, Pediatric Neuroradiology Section, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Battaglia
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, ASST Spedali Civili - Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Fazzi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, ASST Spedali Civili - Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zorzi
- Child Neurology Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Moroni
- Child Neurology Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Chiapparini
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Nardo Nardocci
- Child Neurology Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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14
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Sannino D, Angert ER. Genomic insights into the thiamin metabolism of Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus NRRL B-4156 and P. apiarius NRRL B-23460. Stand Genomic Sci 2017; 12:59. [PMID: 29026451 PMCID: PMC5627462 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-017-0276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus is the model organism for studying thiaminase I, an enigmatic extracellular enzyme. Originally isolated from the feces of clinical patients suffering from thiamin deficiency, P. thiaminolyticus has been implicated in thiamin deficiencies in humans and other animals due to its ability to produce this thiamin-degrading enzyme. Its close relative, P. apiarius, also produces thiaminase I and was originally isolated from dead honeybee larvae, though it has not been reported to be a honeybee pathogen. We generated draft genomes of the type strains of both species, P. thiaminolyticus NRRL B-4156 and P. apiarius NRRL B-23460, to deeply explore potential routes of thiamin metabolism. We discovered that the thiaminase I gene is located in a highly conserved operon with thiamin biosynthesis and salvage genes, as well as genes involved in the biosynthesis of the antibiotic bacimethrin. Based on metabolic pathway predictions, P. apiarius NRRL B-23460 has the genomic capacity to synthesize thiamin de novo using a pathway that is rarely seen in bacteria, but P. thiaminolyticus NRRL B-4156 is a thiamin auxotroph. Both genomes encode importers for thiamin and the pyrimidine moiety of thiamin, as well as enzymes to synthesize thiamin from pyrimidine and thiazole.
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15
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Riahi A, Mansour M, Bedoui I, Derbali H, Messelmani M, Zaouali J, Mrissa R. Acute beriberi neuropathy mimicking Guillain-Barré syndrome after a strict vegetarian diet. Iran J Neurol 2017; 16:100-102. [PMID: 28761634 PMCID: PMC5526775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Heidari Y, Howe GW, Kluger R. The reactivity of lactyl-oxy thiamin implies the role of the amino-pyrimidine in thiamin catalyzed decarboxylation. Bioorg Chem 2016; 69:153-158. [PMID: 27816798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has previously been established that the deprotonated amino substituent of the pyrimidine of thiamin diphosphate (ThDP) acts as an internal base to accept the C2H of the thiazolium in ThDP-dependent enzymes. The amino group has also been implicated in assisting the departure of the aldehydic product formed after loss of CO2 from ketoacid substrates. However, the potential role for the pyrimidine amino group in the key decarboxylation step has not been assessed. Oxythiamin contains a hydroxyl group in place of the pyrimidine amino group in thiamin, providing a basis for comparison of reactivity. Lactyl-oxythiamin (LOTh), the conjugate of pyruvic acid and oxythiamin was prepared by condensation of ethyl pyruvate and hydroxyl-protected oxythiamin followed by deprotection and acidic hydrolysis of the ethyl ester. The rate constants observed for the decarboxylation of LOTh in neutral and acidic solutions are about four times smaller than those for the corresponding compound that contains the amino group, lactylthiamin. The difference in reactivity is consistent with the amino group's participation in facilitating the decarboxylation step by allowing a competitive addition pathway that produces bicarbonate and has implications for the corresponding enzymic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Heidari
- Davenport Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Graeme W Howe
- Davenport Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ronald Kluger
- Davenport Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The thiamin is often used in the treatment of neuropathy, and pregabalin is often used to treat neuropathic pain. Our study examined the influence of thiamin on the efficacy of pregabalin in a rat model of spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced neuropathic pain. METHODS Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into six groups. The neuropathic pain-relieving properties were measured by plantar test, cold plate test, and hot plate test after administration of pregabalin (i.v) and/or thiamin (i.p) in SNL rats 14 days after operation. RESULTS In the therapy period, pregabalin, or thiamin alone all produced antinociceptive effects in rats with neuropathic pain. And combination treatment of thiamin and pregabalin resulted in an enhanced pain relief compared to the administration of pregabalin or thiamin alone. CONCLUSION Combination of thiamin and pregabalin produces an additive antinociceptive effect in neuropathic pain rats, this drug combination may offer a beneficial treatment option for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- a Department of Pain , Henan Province Hospital , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Song-He Ma
- a Department of Pain , Henan Province Hospital , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Ling-Jie Xia
- a Department of Pain , Henan Province Hospital , Zhengzhou , China
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18
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Chotimah C, Sudjadi, Riyanto S, Rohman A. Simultaneous Determination of Metamizole, Thiamin and Pyridoxin Using UV-Spectroscopy in Combination with Multivariate Calibration. Adv Pharm Bull 2016; 5:593-8. [PMID: 26819934 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2015.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Analysis of drugs in multicomponent system officially is carried out using chromatographic technique, however, this technique is too laborious and involving sophisticated instrument. Therefore, UV-VIS spectrophotometry coupled with multivariate calibration of partial least square (PLS) for quantitative analysis of metamizole, thiamin and pyridoxin is developed in the presence of cyanocobalamine without any separation step. METHODS The calibration and validation samples are prepared. The calibration model is prepared by developing a series of sample mixture consisting these drugs in certain proportion. Cross validation of calibration sample using leave one out technique is used to identify the smaller set of components that provide the greatest predictive ability. The evaluation of calibration model was based on the coefficient of determination (R(2)) and root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC). RESULTS The results showed that the coefficient of determination (R(2)) for the relationship between actual values and predicted values for all studied drugs was higher than 0.99 indicating good accuracy. The RMSEC values obtained were relatively low, indicating good precision. The accuracy and presision results of developed method showed no significant difference compared to those obtained by official method of HPLC. CONCLUSION The developed method (UV-VIS spectrophotometry in combination with PLS) was succesfully used for analysis of metamizole, thiamin and pyridoxin in tablet dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chusnul Chotimah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. ; The National Agency of Drug and Food Control, district of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sudjadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Sugeng Riyanto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Rohman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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19
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Dong W, Stockwell VO, Goyer A. Enhancement of Thiamin Content in Arabidopsis thaliana by Metabolic Engineering. Plant Cell Physiol 2015; 56:2285-96. [PMID: 26454882 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Thiamin is an essential nutrient in the human diet. Severe thiamin deficiency leads to beriberi, a lethal disease which is common in developing countries. Thiamin biofortification of staple food crops is a possible strategy to alleviate thiamin deficiency-related diseases. In plants, thiamin plays a role in the response to abiotic and biotic stresses, and data from the literature suggest that boosting thiamin content could increase resistance to stresses. Here, we tested an engineering strategy to increase thiamin content in Arabidopsis. Thiamin is composed of a thiazole ring linked to a pyrimidine ring by a methylene bridge. THI1 and THIC are the first committed steps in the synthesis of the thiazole and pyrimidine moieties, respectively. Arabidopsis plants were transformed with a vector containing the THI1-coding sequence under the control of a constitutive promoter. Total thiamin leaf content in THI1 plants was up approximately 2-fold compared with the wild type. THI1-overexpressing lines were then crossed with pre-existing THIC-overexpressing lines. Resulting THI1 × THIC plants accumulated up to 3.4- and 2.6-fold more total thiamin than wild-type plants in leaf and seeds, respectively. After inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae, THI1 × THIC plants had lower populations than the wild-type control. However, THI1 × THIC plants subjected to various abiotic stresses did not show any visible or biochemical changes compared with the wild type. We discuss the impact of engineering thiamin biosynthesis on the nutritional value of plants and their resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, 2121 S First Street, Hermiston, OR 97838, USA Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Virginia O Stockwell
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Aymeric Goyer
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, 2121 S First Street, Hermiston, OR 97838, USA
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Bielecki M, Howe GW, Kluger R. Lithium-stabilized nucleophilic addition of thiamin to a ketone provides an efficient route to mandelylthiamin, a critical pre-decarboxylation intermediate. Bioorg Chem 2015; 62:124-9. [PMID: 26333207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mandelylthiamin (MTh) is an accurate model of the covalent intermediate derived from the condensation of thiamin diphosphate and benzoylformate in benzoylformate decarboxylase. The properties and catalytic susceptibilities of mandelylthiamin are the subjects of considerable interest. However, the existing synthesis gives only trace amounts of the precursor to MTh as it is conducted under reversible conditions. An improved approach derives from the unique ability of lithium ions to drive to completion the otherwise unfavorable condensation of the conjugate base of thiamin and methyl benzoylformate. The unique efficiency of the condensation reaction in the presence of lithium ions is established in contrast to the effects of other Lewis acids. Interpretation of the pattern of the results indicates that the condensation of the ketone and thiamin is thermodynamically controlled. It is proposed that the addition of lithium ions displaces the equilibrium toward the product through formation of a stable lithium-alkoxide.
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Kim YN, Choi JY, Cho YO. Regular moderate exercise training can alter the urinary excretion of thiamin and riboflavin. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:43-8. [PMID: 25671067 PMCID: PMC4317479 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Physical exercise promotes energy producing pathways requiring thiamin and riboflavin as a coenzyme. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of regular exercise training on urinary excretion of thiamin and riboflavin. MATERIALS/METHODS Fifty rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups: non-exercise training (NT, n = 25) and regular exercise training (ET, n = 25) for 5 weeks. The rats performed moderate exercise on a treadmill (0.5-0.8 km/hour) for 30 min/day, 5 days/week. Twenty-four hour urine samples were collected at the end of the 0 week, 3rd week, and 5th week of training and thiamin and riboflavin were analyzed. RESULTS No significant differences in thiamin and riboflavin intakes for each week were observed between the NT and ET groups. Urinary thiamin excretion of each group was the highest at the 5th week compared to the levels at 0 and 3rd week. Urinary thiamin at the 5th week was significantly lower in the ET group than in the NT group. Urinary riboflavin excretion was increased by training duration, however, no difference was observed between NT and ET for each week. At 0 and 3rd week, no significant relationships were observed between dietary intake and urinary excretion of thiamin and riboflavin, however, at the 5th week, urinary excretion was significantly increased by dietary intake only in the NT group (P < 0.05). Thiamin excretion of both NT and ET groups was significantly increased with riboflavin excretion at the 5th week (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Regular moderate exercise training increased urinary excretion of thiamin. Dietary intakes and urinary excretions of thiamin and riboflavin showed positive correlation in both the exercise training and non-exercise training groups as the exercise training period went by, while the correlations in the exercise training group were weaker than those in the non-exercise training group. Therefore, regular exercise training can alter the urinary excretion of thiamin and riboflavin in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Nam Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, 33, Samyangro 114 gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 132-714, Korea
| | - Ji Young Choi
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, 33, Samyangro 114 gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 132-714, Korea
| | - Youn-Ok Cho
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, 33, Samyangro 114 gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 132-714, Korea
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22
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Liddicoat C, Hucker B, Liang H, Vriesekoop F. Thiamin analysis in red wine by fluorescence reverse phase-HPLC. Food Chem 2015; 177:325-9. [PMID: 25660893 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The derivatization of thiamin vitamers to their respective thiochrome by ferricyanide to facilitate fluorescence detection following separation by HPLC provides a powerful analytical tool. However the polyphenolic compounds in red wine readily interact with ferricyanide, reducing the effectiveness of ferricyanide oxidation in the derivatization of thiamin. We describe a method to facilitate the removal of polyphenolic compounds that interfere with the ferricyanide derivatization of thiamin. Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone afforded the total removal of phenolic compounds from red wines and allowed a spike recovery of thiamin vitamers (101% for thiamin; 104% for TMP; and 100% for TDP) in a wide range of red wines. This research found that Merlot styles of red wine contained the highest concentration of total thiamin (29.01 ng/mL) while Pinot Noir wines contained the lowest total concentration (8.27 ng/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Liddicoat
- Institute of Food and Crop Science, School of Health Sciences, Federation University Australia, Post Office Box 663, Ballarat 3353, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barry Hucker
- Institute of Food and Crop Science, School of Health Sciences, Federation University Australia, Post Office Box 663, Ballarat 3353, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hao Liang
- Institute of Food and Crop Science, School of Health Sciences, Federation University Australia, Post Office Box 663, Ballarat 3353, Victoria, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Frank Vriesekoop
- Institute of Food and Crop Science, School of Health Sciences, Federation University Australia, Post Office Box 663, Ballarat 3353, Victoria, Australia; Department of Food Science and Agri-Food Supply Chain Management, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, United Kingdom.
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Mehta AP, Abdelwahed SH, Mahanta N, Fedoseyenko D, Philmus B, Cooper LE, Liu Y, Jhulki I, Ealick SE, Begley TP. Radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzymes in cofactor biosynthesis: a treasure trove of complex organic radical rearrangement reactions. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:3980-6. [PMID: 25477515 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r114.623793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this minireview, we describe the radical S-adenosylmethionine enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of thiamin, menaquinone, molybdopterin, coenzyme F420, and heme. Our focus is on the remarkably complex organic rearrangements involved, many of which have no precedent in organic or biological chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angad P Mehta
- From the Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 and
| | - Sameh H Abdelwahed
- From the Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 and
| | - Nilkamal Mahanta
- From the Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 and
| | - Dmytro Fedoseyenko
- From the Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 and
| | - Benjamin Philmus
- From the Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 and
| | - Lisa E Cooper
- From the Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 and
| | - Yiquan Liu
- From the Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 and
| | - Isita Jhulki
- From the Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 and
| | - Steven E Ealick
- the Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850
| | - Tadhg P Begley
- From the Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 and
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Nemeria NS, Ambrus A, Patel H, Gerfen G, Adam-Vizi V, Tretter L, Zhou J, Wang J, Jordan F. Human 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex E1 component forms a thiamin-derived radical by aerobic oxidation of the enamine intermediate. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:29859-73. [PMID: 25210035 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.591073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein are reported unique properties of the human 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (OGDHc), a rate-limiting enzyme in the Krebs (citric acid) cycle. (a) Functionally competent 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E1o-h) and dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase components have been expressed according to kinetic and spectroscopic evidence. (b) A stable free radical, consistent with the C2-(C2α-hydroxy)-γ-carboxypropylidene thiamin diphosphate (ThDP) cation radical was detected by electron spin resonance upon reaction of the E1o-h with 2-oxoglutarate (OG) by itself or when assembled from individual components into OGDHc. (c) An unusual stability of the E1o-h-bound C2-(2α-hydroxy)-γ-carboxypropylidene thiamin diphosphate (the "ThDP-enamine"/C2α-carbanion, the first postdecarboxylation intermediate) was observed, probably stabilized by the 5-carboxyl group of OG, not reported before. (d) The reaction of OG with the E1o-h gave rise to superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (reactive oxygen species (ROS)). (e) The relatively stable enzyme-bound enamine is the likely substrate for oxidation by O2, leading to the superoxide anion radical (in d) and the radical (in b). (f) The specific activity assessed for ROS formation compared with the NADH (overall complex) activity, as well as the fraction of radical intermediate occupying active centers of E1o-h are consistent with each other and indicate that radical/ROS formation is an "off-pathway" side reaction comprising less than 1% of the "on-pathway" reactivity. However, the nearly ubiquitous presence of OGDHc in human tissues, including the brain, makes these findings of considerable importance in human metabolism and perhaps disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Nemeria
- From the Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Attila Ambrus
- the Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary, and
| | - Hetalben Patel
- From the Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Gary Gerfen
- the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Vera Adam-Vizi
- the Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary, and
| | - Laszlo Tretter
- the Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary, and
| | - Jieyu Zhou
- From the Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Junjie Wang
- From the Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Frank Jordan
- From the Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102,
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25
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Cerutti D, Guilpain P, Schiffmann A, Rivière S, Carra C, Labauge P, Le Quellec A. [Serious clinical manifestations of vitamin deficiency after a "sleeve" gastrectomy: role of psychogenic anorexia]. Rev Med Interne 2013; 35:609-12. [PMID: 24321087 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Morbid obesity is an emerging condition in the general population. Bariatric surgery, which has demonstrated its effectiveness for weight loss, mortality and morbidity related to obesity, is required in some patients. However, it may be associated with various adverse effects, including vitamin deficiencies. CASE REPORT We report a 33-year old man who presented central and peripheral neurological deficits and cardiac manifestations related to multiple vitamin deficiencies, following "sleeve" gastrectomy. The vitamin deficiencies were related to insufficient ingesta secondary to psychogenic anorexia. The patient improved with vitamins, antidepressant drugs and atypical neuroleptics. CONCLUSION Post-operative complications of "sleeve" gastrectomy include vitamin deficiencies that can develop in the context of psychogenic anorexia and ingesta reduction, in the absence of any digestive malabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cerutti
- Département de médecine interne, équipe « médecine interne, maladies multi-organiques de l'adulte », université Montpellier 1, hôpital Saint-Éloi, CHRU de Montpellier, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - P Guilpain
- Département de médecine interne, équipe « médecine interne, maladies multi-organiques de l'adulte », université Montpellier 1, hôpital Saint-Éloi, CHRU de Montpellier, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
| | - A Schiffmann
- Département de médecine interne, équipe « médecine interne, maladies multi-organiques de l'adulte », université Montpellier 1, hôpital Saint-Éloi, CHRU de Montpellier, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - S Rivière
- Département de médecine interne, équipe « médecine interne, maladies multi-organiques de l'adulte », université Montpellier 1, hôpital Saint-Éloi, CHRU de Montpellier, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - C Carra
- Département de neurologie, université Montpellier 1, hôpital Gui-De-Chauliac, CHRU de Montpellier, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - P Labauge
- Département de neurologie, université Montpellier 1, hôpital Gui-De-Chauliac, CHRU de Montpellier, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - A Le Quellec
- Département de médecine interne, équipe « médecine interne, maladies multi-organiques de l'adulte », université Montpellier 1, hôpital Saint-Éloi, CHRU de Montpellier, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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Yazdani M, Zallot R, Tunc-Ozdemir M, de Crécy-Lagard V, Shintani DK, Hanson AD. Identification of the thiamin salvage enzyme thiazole kinase in Arabidopsis and maize. Phytochemistry 2013; 94:68-73. [PMID: 23816351 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The breakdown of thiamin (vitamin B1) and its phosphates releases a thiazole moiety, 4-methyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)thiazole (THZ), that microorganisms and plants are able to salvage for re-use in thiamin synthesis. The salvage process starts with the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of THZ, which in bacteria is mediated by ThiM. The Arabidopsis and maize genomes encode homologs of ThiM (At3g24030 and GRMZM2G094558, respectively). Plasmid-driven expression of either plant homolog restored the ability of THZ to rescue Escherichia coli thiM deletant strains, showing that the plant proteins have ThiM activity in vivo. Enzymatic assays with purified recombinant proteins confirmed the presence of THZ kinase activity. Furthermore, ablating the Arabidopsis At3g24030 gene in a thiazole synthesis mutant severely impaired rescue by THZ. Collectively, these results show that ThiM homologs are the main source of THZ kinase activity in plants and are consequently crucial for thiamin salvage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yazdani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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