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Paul P, Iftehimul M, Dey D, Mia MAR, Al-Khafaji K, Pal B, Biswas P, Mandal M, Hasan MN. Investigating the potent TOPO IIα inhibitors in breast cancer through the study of computational drug discovery research approaches. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10882-0. [PMID: 38773015 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second-leading cause of cancer after lung cancer. The disease has affected millions of people and resulted in many deaths. In the metastasis of breast cancer cells, Topoisomerase IIα plays a vital role. Therefore, this investigation aims to identify potential flavonoid compounds against BC by inhibiting this enzyme at an early stage. Based on previous studies, we selected and screened several plant-derived flavonoid compounds with potential anti-breast cancer activity using PyRx 0.8 and Schrodinger applications for preliminary molecular docking: the highest docking scores of Myricetin (-11.6 kcal/mol) and Quercetin (-10.0 kcal/mol). Next, we evaluated the top four compounds on the Way2Drug server to complete the cytotoxicity evaluation, which demonstrated anti-cancer and anti-breast cancer activity in various cell lines. According to pharmacokinetics studies, four compounds exhibited outstanding values and functioned similar to drug-like molecules. Moreover, Myricetin, Quercetin, and Morin displayed the highest number of hydrogen bonds, with the corresponding receptor forming residues asn120, thr147, and lys168. The protein-ligand complexes were validated using the Desmond simulator, and their data were compared to the anti-breast cancer drug Doxorubicin. In the simulation analysis, various parameters were evaluated, including RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, MolSA, PSA, and hydrogen bond interaction. Finally, validated our dynamic simulation result with MM-GBSA operation, and Myricetin and Quercetin had the greatest score of -72.74344651, -66.66771823 kcal/mol, which is outstanding than the control drug. Hence, the computational research approach determined that Myricetin, Quercetin, and Morin could be industrially developed for the alternative treatment of breast cancer following additional confirmation from animal and cell line studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Iftehimul
- Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Dipta Dey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdur Rashid Mia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Khattab Al-Khafaji
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Energy and Environmental Science, Al-Karkh, University of Science, Baghdad, 10081, Iraq
| | - Bidu Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Partha Biswas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Manoj Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, 8100, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Nazmul Hasan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
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Łopuszyński W, Brzana A, Szczubiał M, Bulak K, Śmiech A. Topoisomerase IIα immunoexpression in feline mammary carcinomas: A correlation with Ki67 immunoexpression and the mitotic count. Res Vet Sci 2023; 164:104992. [PMID: 37657395 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of topoisomerase IIα protein (Topo IIα) with Ki67 expression and mitotic count in feline mammary carcinomas (FMCs). Topo IIα is considered as a proliferation indicator as well as a molecular target of anthracycline chemotherapy. The studied material included 70 FMCs from female cats treated with mastectomy. Primary mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against Topo IIα and Ki67 were used in immunohistochemical reactions. The number of mitotic figures was counted at 400× magnification in a field of 2.37 mm2. Immunohistochemical reaction for Topo IIα occurred in cell nuclei. The Topo IIα index ranged from 6.12% to 54.60% and was positively correlated with the values of the Ki67 index (r = 0.7193) and the mitotic count (r = 0. 2858). This indicates the potential possibility of use of the immunohistochemical expression of Topo IIα to assess the rate of proliferation in FMCs. The wide range of expression of Topo IIα in individual tumorus found in the conducted studies allows us to hypothesize that its assessment could be used as a predictive marker in chemotherapy of FMCs with the use of anthracyclines. However, this requires confirmation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Łopuszyński
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Adam Brzana
- Regional Veterinary Inspectorate in Opole, Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Opole, Poland
| | - Marek Szczubiał
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamila Bulak
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Śmiech
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
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Kumar U, Castellanos-Uribe M, May ST, Yagüe E. Adaptive resistance is not responsible for long-term drug resistance in a cellular model of triple negative breast cancer. Gene 2023; 850:146930. [PMID: 36195266 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to cancer therapeutics represents a leading cause of mortality and is particularly important in cancers, such as triple negative breast cancer, for which no targeted therapy is available, as these are only treated with traditional chemotherapeutics. Cancer, as well as bacterial, drug resistance can be intrinsic, acquired or adaptive. Adaptive cancer drug resistance is gaining attention as a mechanism for the generation of long-term drug resistance as is the case with bacterial antibiotic resistance. We have used a cellular model of triple negative breast cancer (CAL51) and its drug resistance derivative (CALDOX) to gain insight into genome-wide expression changes associated with long-term doxorubicin (a widely used anthracycline for cancer treatment) resistance and doxorubicin-induced stress. Previous work indicates that both naïve and resistance cells have a functional p53-p21 axis controlling cell cycle at G1, although this is not a driver for drug resistance, but down-regulation of TOP2A (topoisomerase IIα). As expected, CALDOX cells have a signature characterized, in addition to down-regulation of TOP2A, by genes and pathways associated with drug resistance, metastasis and stemness. Both CAL51 and CALDOX stress signatures share 12 common genes (TRIM22, FAS, SPATA18, SULF2, CDKN1A, GDF15, MYO6, CXCL5, CROT, EPPK1, ZMAT3 and CD44), with roles in the above-mentioned pathways, indicating that these cells have similar functional responses to doxorubicin relaying on the p53 control of apoptosis. Eight genes are shared by both drug stress signatures (in CAL51 and CALDOX cells) and CALDOX resistant cells (FAS, SULF2, CDKN1A, CXCL5, CD44, SPATA18, TRIM22 and CROT), many of them targets of p53. This corroborates experimental data indicating that CALDOX cells, even in the absence of drug, have activated, at least partially, the p53-p21 axis and DNA damage response. Although this eight-gene signature might be an indicator of adaptive resistance, as this transient phenomenon due to short-term stress may not revert to its original state upon withdrawal of the stressor, previous experimental data indicates that the p53-p21 axis is not responsible for doxorubicin resistance. Importantly, TOP2A is not responsive to doxorubicin treatment and thus absent in both drug stress signatures. This indicates that during the generation of doxorubicin resistance, cells acquire genetic changes likely to be random, leading to down regulation of TOP2A, but selected during the generation of cells due to the presence of drug in the culture medium. This poses a considerable constraint for the development of strategies aimed at avoiding the emergence of drug resistance in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttom Kumar
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Marcos Castellanos-Uribe
- Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Sean T May
- Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ernesto Yagüe
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
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Kubalová I, Weisshart K, Houben A, Schubert V. Super-resolution microscopy reveals the number and distribution of topoisomerase IIα and CENH3 molecules within barley metaphase chromosomes. Chromosoma 2023; 132:19-29. [PMID: 36719450 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-023-00785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Topoisomerase IIα (Topo IIα) and the centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENH3 are key proteins involved in chromatin condensation and centromere determination, respectively. Consequently, they are required for proper chromosome segregation during cell divisions. We combined two super-resolution techniques, structured illumination microscopy (SIM) to co-localize Topo IIα and CENH3, and photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) to determine their molecule numbers in barley metaphase chromosomes. We detected a dispersed Topo IIα distribution along chromosome arms but an accumulation at centromeres, telomeres, and nucleolus-organizing regions. With a precision of 10-50 nm, we counted ~ 20,000-40,000 Topo IIα molecules per chromosome, 28% of them within the (peri)centromere. With similar precision, we identified ~13,500 CENH3 molecules per centromere where Topo IIα proteins and CENH3-containing chromatin intermingle. In short, we demonstrate PALM as a useful method to count and localize single molecules with high precision within chromosomes. The ultrastructural distribution and the detected amount of Topo IIα and CENH3 are instrumental for a better understanding of their functions during chromatin condensation and centromere determination.
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Holmes TH, Winn LM. DNA damage, DNA repair gene expression, and topoisomerase IIα activity in CD-1 mice following in utero benzene exposure. Toxicol Lett 2022; 368:47-55. [PMID: 35963423 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Benzene is an environmental toxicant and known human carcinogen. Recent epidemiological studies show a relationship between exposure to benzene in pregnant women and increased incidence of childhood leukemias. Studies in murine models demonstrate a relationship between carcinogenicity and in utero benzene exposure which was sex dependent, thus the cellular mechanisms of benzene toxicity by sex require further studies. A hypothesized mechanism of benzene-induced in utero carcinogenicity is through increased DNA damage and reduced fetal DNA repair capacity. This includes the potential inhibition of topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα), in part, to generate double stranded DNA (dsDNA) breaks and induction of error-prone DNA repair. Using a mouse model of transplacental benzene carcinogenicity, gestational day (GD) 14 fetal livers were harvested 2, 6, and 24 h following maternal exposure to 200 mg/kg benzene and used to assess DNA damage, DNA repair gene expression and topo IIα activity. DNA damage, measured by levels of modified histone H2AX (γH2AX), is significantly increased in benzene exposed pups, with sex-dependent significance seen only in female pups. Comet assay results confirmed that benzene exposure in utero induces dsDNA damage in the GD14 fetal liver. Genes involved in DNA repair were assessed, and DNA repair gene expression changes were observed after 24 h in genes related to nucleotide excision repair, homologous recombination, and non-homologous end-joining. There were no significant differences in topo IIα activity in GD14 fetal livers at any timepoint, or between sexes. Overall, this study shows that 200 mg/kg benzene exposure induces dsDNA damage and alters fetal DNA repair gene expression in utero, without perturbing fetal topo IIα in CD-1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent H Holmes
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Louise M Winn
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Fu C, Zhang K, Wang M, Qiu F. Casticin and chrysosplenol D from Artemisia annua L. induce apoptosis by inhibiting topoisomerase IIα in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Phytomedicine 2022; 100:154095. [PMID: 35398735 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemisia annua L. (A. annua) and its active components exhibit antitumour effects in many cancer cells. However, the biological processes and mechanisms involved are not well understood, especially for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PURPOSE This study aimed to comprehensively explore the biological processes of A. annua and its active components in NSCLC cells and to identify the mechanism by which these compounds induce apoptosis. STUDY DESIGNS/METHODS Cell viability and flow cytometry assays were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of A. annua active components casticin (CAS) and chrysosplenol D (CHD) in A. annua in NSCLC cells. After treatment with CAS and CHD, A549 cells were subjected to RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and subjected to functional enrichment analysis (KEGG and GO analysis) as well as protein interaction network analysis. The key targets associated with apoptosis induction in A549 cells were screened by Cytoscape, and the screened DEGs were validated by qRT-PCR. Immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and molecular docking assays were used to determine whether CAS and/or CHD could induce apoptosis in NSCLC cells by inducing DNA damage through down-regulation of topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα) expression. The same experiments were verified again in the H1299 lung cancer cell line. RESULTS CAS and CHD inhibited NSCLC cells proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and significantly induced apoptosis. A total of 115 co-upregulated DEGs and 277 co-downregulated DEGs were identified in A549 cells following treatment with CAS and CHD. Comprehensive and systematic data about biological processes and mechanisms were obtained. DNA damage pathways and topo IIα targets were screened to study the apoptosis effects of CAS and CHD on NSCLC cells. CAS and CHD may be able to induce DNA damage by binding to topo IIα-DNA and reducing topo IIα activity. CONCLUSION This study suggested that CAS and CHD may reduce topo IIα activity by binding to topo IIα-DNA, affecting the replication of DNA, triggering DNA damage, and inducing apoptosis. It described a novel mechanism associated with topo IIα inhibition to reveal a novel role for CAS and CHD in A. annua as potential anticancer agents and/or adjuvants in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Fu
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Keyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Manyuan Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Jeon KH, Shrestha A, Jang HJ, Kim JA, Sheen N, Seo M, Lee ES, Kwon Y. Anticancer Activity of Indeno[1,2-b]-Pyridinol Derivative as a New DNA Minor Groove Binding Catalytic Inhibitor of Topoisomerase IIα. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:562-570. [PMID: 34011695 PMCID: PMC8411023 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase IIα has been a representative anti-cancer target for decades thanks to its functional necessity in highly proliferative cancer cells. As type of topoisomerase IIα targeting drugs, topoisomerase II poisons are frequently in clinical usage. However, topoisomerase II poisons result in crucial consequences resulted from mechanistically induced DNA toxicity. For this reason, it is needed to develop catalytic inhibitors of topoisomerase IIα through the alternative mechanism of enzymatic regulation. As a catalytic inhibitor of topoisomerase IIα, AK-I-191 was previously reported for its enzyme inhibitory activity. In this study, we clarified the mechanism of AK-I-191 and conducted various types of spectroscopic and biological evaluations for deeper understanding of its mechanism of action. Conclusively, AK-I-191 represented potent topoisomerase IIα inhibitory activity through binding to minor groove of DNA double helix and showed synergistic effects with tamoxifen in antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwa Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Aarajana Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ahn Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Naeun Sheen
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Our understanding of the structure and function of mitotic chromosomes has come a long way since these iconic objects were first recognized more than 140 years ago, though many details remain to be elucidated. In this chapter, we start with the early history of chromosome studies and then describe the path that led to our current understanding of the formation and structure of mitotic chromosomes. We also discuss some of the remaining questions. It is now well established that each mitotic chromatid consists of a central organizing region containing a so-called "chromosome scaffold" from which loops of DNA project radially. Only a few key non-histone proteins and protein complexes are required to form the chromosome: topoisomerase IIα, cohesin, condensin I and condensin II, and the chromokinesin KIF4A. These proteins are concentrated along the axis of the chromatid. Condensins I and II are primarily responsible for shaping the chromosome and the scaffold, and they produce the loops of DNA by an ATP-dependent process known as loop extrusion. Modelling of Hi-C data suggests that condensin II adopts a spiral staircase arrangement with an extruded loop extending out from each step in a roughly helical pattern. Condensin I then forms loops nested within these larger condensin II loops, thereby giving rise to the final compaction of the mitotic chromosome in a process that requires Topo IIα.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Paulson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, 800 Algoma Boulevard, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA.
| | - Damien F Hudson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Fernanda Cisneros-Soberanis
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, ICB, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, ICB, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK.
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Kitdumrongthum S, Reabroi S, Suksen K, Tuchinda P, Munyoo B, Mahalapbutr P, Rungrotmongkol T, Ounjai P, Chairoungdua A. Inhibition of topoisomerase IIα and induction of DNA damage in cholangiocarcinoma cells by altholactone and its halogenated benzoate derivatives. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110149. [PMID: 32344256 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase IIα enzyme (Topo IIα) plays a critical function in DNA replication process and is considered to be a promising target of anti-cancer drugs. In the present study, we reported that the altholactone derivatives modified by adding a halogenated benzoate group showed greater inhibitory activity on Topo IIα enzyme in cell-free system concomitant with cytotoxicity against the CCA cell lines (KKU-M055 and KKU-M213) than those of the parent altholactone. However, the cytotoxic activities of four halogenated benzoate altholactone derivatives including iodo-, fluoro-, chloro-, and bromobenzoate derivatives (compound 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively) were of equal potency. The fluorobenzoate derivative (compound 2) was chosen for investigating the underlying mechanism in CCA cells. Compound 2 arrested CCA cell cycle at sub G1 phase and induced apoptotic cell death. It markedly inhibited Topo IIα protein expression in both KKU-M055 and KKU-M213 cells, which was accompanied by DNA double-strand breaks demonstrated by an increase in phosphorylated H2A.X protein. Interestingly, KKU-M055 cells, which express higher Topo IIα mRNA compared to KKU-M213 cells, showed greater sensitivity to the compound, indicating the selectivity of the compound to Topo IIα enzyme. By computational docking analysis, the binding affinity of altholactone (-52.5 kcal/mol) and compound 2 (-56.7 kcal/mol) were similar to that of the Topo II poison salvicine (-53.7 kcal/mol). The aromatic moiety of both altholactones embedded in a hydrophobic pocket of Topo II ATPase domain. In addition, compound 2 induced the formation of linear DNA in Topo II-mediated cleavage assay. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the addition of fluorobenzoyl group to altholactone enhances potency and selectivity to inhibit type IIα topoisomerases. Atholactone and fluorobenzoate derivative act as Topo II cleavage complexes stabilizing compounds or Topo II poisons preferentially through binding at ATPase domain of Topo IIα, leading to DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis induction. Such activity of 3-fluorobenzoate derivative of altholactone should be further explored for the development of an anti-cancer drug for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarunya Kitdumrongthum
- Toxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somrudee Reabroi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanoknetr Suksen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patoomratana Tuchinda
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bamroong Munyoo
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Puey Ounjai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arthit Chairoungdua
- Toxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Legina MS, Nogueira JJ, Kandioller W, Jakupec MA, González L, Keppler BK. Biological evaluation of novel thiomaltol-based organometallic complexes as topoisomerase IIα inhibitors. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:451-465. [PMID: 32193613 PMCID: PMC7186247 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Topoisomerase IIα (topo2α) is an essential nuclear enzyme involved in DNA replication, transcription, recombination, chromosome condensation, and highly expressed in many tumors. Thus, topo2α-targeting has become a very efficient and well-established anticancer strategy. Herein, we investigate the cytotoxic and DNA-damaging activity of thiomaltol-containing ruthenium-, osmium-, rhodium- and iridium-based organometallic complexes in human mammary carcinoma cell lines by means of several biological assays, including knockdown of topo2α expression levels by RNA interference. Results suggest that inhibition of topo2α is a key process in the cytotoxic mechanism for some of the compounds, whereas direct induction of DNA double-strand breaks or other DNA damage is mostly rather minor. In addition, molecular modeling studies performed for two of the compounds (with Ru(II) as the metal center) evinces that these complexes are able to access the DNA-binding pocket of the enzyme, where the hydrophilic environment favors the interaction with highly polar complexes. These findings substantiate the potential of these compounds for application as antitumor metallopharmaceuticals. Graphic abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00775-020-01775-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Legina
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juan J Nogueira
- IADCHEM, Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A Jakupec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Leticia González
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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da Silva Filho FA, de Freitas Souza T, Ribeiro AG, Alves JEF, de Oliveira JF, de Lima Souza TRC, de Moura RO, do Carmo Alves de Lima M, de Carvalho Junior LB, de Almeida SMV. Topoisomerase inhibition and albumin interaction studies of acridine-thiosemicarbazone derivatives. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:582-589. [PMID: 31323270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, acridine-thiosemicarbazones (ATD) derivatives were tested for their interaction properties with BSA through UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic studies. Both hyperchromic and hypochromic effects, as well as red or blue shifts were demonstrated after the derivatives were added to the BSA. Values for the binding constant (Kb) ranged from 1.62 × 104 to 8.71 × 105 M-1 and quenching constant (KSV) from 3.46 × 102 to 7.83 × 103 M-1 indicating a good affinity to BSA protein. Complementary, two compounds were selected to assess their inhibition activity against topoisomerase IIα enzyme, of which derivative 3a presented the best result. Moreover, to evaluate protein-ligand interactions, as well as the antitopoisomerase potential of these compounds, tests of molecular modeling were performed between all compounds using the albumin and Topoisomerase IIα/DNA complex. Finally, in silico studies showed that all derivatives used in this research displayed good oral bioavailability potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francivaldo Araújo da Silva Filho
- Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), campus Garanhuns, Faculdade de Ciências, Educação e Tecnologia de Garanhuns (FACETEG), Garanhuns, PE, Brazil
| | - Thais de Freitas Souza
- Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), campus Garanhuns, Faculdade de Ciências, Educação e Tecnologia de Garanhuns (FACETEG), Garanhuns, PE, Brazil
| | - Amélia Galdino Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT), Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Jamerson Ferreira de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT), Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Olímpio de Moura
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba - Bodocongo, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Alves de Lima
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT), Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Sinara Mônica Vitalino de Almeida
- Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), campus Garanhuns, Faculdade de Ciências, Educação e Tecnologia de Garanhuns (FACETEG), Garanhuns, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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12
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Holmes TH, Winn LM. DNA Damage and Perturbed Topoisomerase IIα as a Target of 1,4-Benzoquinone Toxicity in Murine Fetal Liver Cells. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:339-346. [PMID: 31340051 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzene is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Recent studies have shown a link between the development of childhood leukemias and maternal benzene exposure, suggesting that these leukemias may be initiated in utero. Benzene crosses the placental barrier however the mechanisms behind in utero benzene toxicity have not been well elucidated. This study is the first to show that the benzene metabolite, benzoquinone (BQ), perturbs fetal topoisomerase IIα (Topo IIα), an enzyme essential for DNA repair. Using cultured murine CD-1 fetal liver cells, this study shows that Topo IIα activity decreases following 24 hours of exposure to BQ (12.5 and 15.625 µM), with the 12.5 µM confirmed to disrupt the c-kit+Lin-Sca-1-Il7rα- population of cells in culture. Pre-treatment with the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine did not prevent the inhibtion of Topo IIα by BQ. An increase in Topo IIα-DNA covalent adducts was detected following 24-hour exposures to BQ (12.5 and 50 µM). Interestingly, BQ (12.5 µM) exposure did not significantly increase levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a marker of oxidative stress after 24 hours. However, increased levels of the double-stranded DNA break marker γH2AX were detected following 24 hours of BQ exposure, confirming that Topo IIα-induced breaks are increased in BQ treated cells. This study shows that fetal Topo IIα is perturbed by BQ and suggests that this protein is a target of benzene and may be implicated with in utero benzene toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent H Holmes
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louise M Winn
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Dalvie ED, Gopas J, Golan-Goldhirsh A, Osheroff N. 6,6'-Dihydroxythiobinupharidine as a poison of human type II topoisomerases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1881-1885. [PMID: 31182315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A number of natural products with medicinal properties increase DNA cleavage mediated by type II topoisomerases. In an effort to identify additional natural compounds that affect the activity of human type II topoisomerases, a blind screen of a library of 341 Mediterranean plant extracts was conducted. Extracts from Nuphar lutea, the yellow water lily, were identified in this screen. N. lutea has been used in traditional medicine by a variety of indigenous populations. The active compound in N. lutea, 6,6'-dihydroxythiobinupharidine, was found to enhance DNA cleavage mediated by human topoisomerase IIα and IIβ ∼8-fold and ∼3-fold, respectively. Mechanistic studies with topoisomerase IIα indicate that 6,6'-dihydroxythiobinupharidine is a "covalent poison" that acts by adducting the enzyme outside of the DNA cleavage-ligation active site and requires the N-terminal domain of the protein for its activity. Results suggest that some of the medicinal properties of N. lutea may result from the interactions between 6,6'-dihydroxythiobinupharidine and the human type II enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha D Dalvie
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Jacob Gopas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; Department of Oncology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Avi Golan-Goldhirsh
- The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Beer Sheva 84990, Israel
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA; Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6307, USA; VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
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14
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Oviatt AA, Kuriappan JA, Minniti E, Vann KR, Onuorah P, Minarini A, De Vivo M, Osheroff N. Polyamine-containing etoposide derivatives as poisons of human type II topoisomerases: Differential effects on topoisomerase IIα and IIβ. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2961-2968. [PMID: 30006062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Etoposide is an anticancer drug that acts by inducing topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage. Despite its wide use, etoposide is associated with some very serious side-effects including the development of treatment-related acute myelogenous leukemias. Etoposide targets both human topoisomerase IIα and IIβ. However, the contributions of the two enzyme isoforms to the therapeutic vs. leukemogenic properties of the drug are unclear. In order to develop an etoposide-based drug with specificity for cancer cells that express an active polyamine transport system, the sugar moiety of the drug has been replaced with a polyamine tail. To analyze the effects of this substitution on the specificity of hybrid molecules toward the two enzyme isoforms, we analyzed the activity of a series of etoposide-polyamine hybrids toward human topoisomerase IIα and IIβ. All of the compounds displayed an ability to induce enzyme-mediated DNA cleavage that was comparable to or higher than that of etoposide. Relative to the parent drug, the hybrid compounds displayed substantially higher activity toward topoisomerase IIβ than IIα. Modeling studies suggest that the enhanced specificity may result from interactions with Gln778 in topoisomerase IIβ. The corresponding residue in the α isoform is a methionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria A Oviatt
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Jissy A Kuriappan
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Elirosa Minniti
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Kendra R Vann
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Princess Onuorah
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Anna Minarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco De Vivo
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA; Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6307, USA; VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
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15
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Heestand GM, Schwaederle M, Gatalica Z, Arguello D, Kurzrock R. Topoisomerase expression and amplification in solid tumours: Analysis of 24,262 patients. Eur J Cancer 2017; 83:80-87. [PMID: 28728050 PMCID: PMC5613945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Topoisomerase I (TOPO1) and topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) are specific targets of multiple chemotherapy drugs. Increased expression of TOPO1 protein and amplification of the TOP2A gene have been associated with treatment response in colorectal and breast cancers, respectively. TOPO1 and TOP2A may be potential therapeutic targets in other malignancies as well. Summary of methods We analysed TOPO1 protein expression and TOP2A gene amplification in patients (n = 24,262 specimens) with diverse cancers. Since HER2 and TOP2A co-amplification have been investigated for predictive value regarding anthracycline benefit, we analysed specimens for HER2 amplification as well. Results Overexpressed TOPO1 protein was present in 51% of the tumours. Four percent of the tumours had TOP2A amplification, with gallbladder tumours and gastroesophageal/oesophageal tumours having rates over 10%. Overall, 4903 specimens were assessed for both TOP2A and HER2 amplification; 129 (2.6%) had co-amplification. High rates (>40%) of HER2 amplification were seen in patients with TOP2A amplification in breast, ovarian, gastroesophageal/oesophageal and pancreatic cancer. Conclusion Our data indicate that increased TOPO1 expression and TOP2A amplification, as well as HER2 co-alterations, are present in multiple malignancies. The implications of these observations regarding sensitivity to chemotherapy not traditionally administered to these tumour types merits investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Heestand
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Maria Schwaederle
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Zoran Gatalica
- Caris Life Sciences, 4750 South 44th Place, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA.
| | - David Arguello
- Caris Life Sciences, 4750 South 44th Place, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA.
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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16
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Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay S, Sarkar M, Mandal A, Das V, Kumar A, Giri B. Biological evaluation of a halogenated triterpenoid, 2α-bromo-dihydrobelulonic acid as inhibitor of human topoisomerase IIα and HeLa cell proliferation. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 268:68-76. [PMID: 28254521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pentacyclic lupane-type (6-6-6-6-5 type) triterpenoid, Betulinic acid (BA) is a potent inhibitor of topoisomerases and is of immense interest as anticancer drugs. However, the compound being highly lipophilic, has limited in vivo uptake capacity. BA derivatives with halogen substituent at C-2 have improved membrane permeability and cytotoxicity against cancer cells. AIM The halogenated triterpenoid, 2α-bromo-dihydrobetulonic acid (B1) was synthesized from betulinic acid (BA) isolated from Bischofia javanica. Aim of the study was to determine whether B1 could act as a more efficient inhibitor of Topo IIα activity and HeLa cell proliferation, in comparison to BA. RESULT B1 displayed efficient inhibition of DNA relaxation activity of topoisomerase IIα and the inhibitory effect was markedly improved upon pre-incubation of the compound with enzyme. Topoisomerase IIα inhibition by B1 was relieved in presence of increasing concentrations of DNA suggesting the compound as a reversible catalytic inhibitor. Subsequent UV and fluorescence spectroscopy studies indicated that B1 interacts and intercalates with DNA at concentrations signicantly greater than that required for topoisomerase IIα inhibition. The compound showed cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells with significantly lower IC50 value (7.5 μM) as compared to that of BA (30 μM) and had very low damaging/cytotoxic effect on normal cells. Treatment of B1 impaired HeLa cell proliferation by inducing Go-G1 arrest through lowered expression of cyclin D1 and PCNA polypeptides, and enhanced expression of p21. B1 treatment also increased the accumulation of early and late apoptotic cells in a concentration dependent manner as indicated by annexin V-FITC/PI binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734 013, West Bengal, India.
| | - Swagata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734 013, West Bengal, India
| | - Mrinmoy Sarkar
- Experimental Medicine & Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata, 700 126, India
| | - Amitava Mandal
- Natural Products and Polymer Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734 013, West Bengal, India; Molecular Complexicity Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Raiganj University, Raiganj, 733134, West Bengal, India
| | - Vaskar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734 013, West Bengal, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734 013, West Bengal, India
| | - Biplab Giri
- Experimental Medicine & Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata, 700 126, India; Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India.
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17
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Kratz AS, Richter KT, Schlosser YT, Schmitt M, Shumilov A, Delecluse HJ, Hoffmann I. Fbxo28 promotes mitotic progression and regulates topoisomerase IIα-dependent DNA decatenation. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:3419-3431. [PMID: 27754753 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1246093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase IIα is an essential enzyme that resolves topological constraints in genomic DNA. It functions in disentangling intertwined chromosomes during anaphase leading to chromosome segregation thus preserving genomic stability. Here we describe a previously unrecognized mechanism regulating topoisomerase IIα activity that is dependent on the F-box protein Fbxo28. We find that Fbxo28, an evolutionarily conserved protein, is required for proper mitotic progression. Interfering with Fbxo28 function leads to a delay in metaphase-to-anaphase progression resulting in mitotic defects as lagging chromosomes, multipolar spindles and multinucleation. Furthermore, we find that Fbxo28 interacts and colocalizes with topoisomerase IIα throughout the cell cycle. Depletion of Fbxo28 results in an increase in topoisomerase IIα-dependent DNA decatenation activity. Interestingly, blocking the interaction between Fbxo28 and topoisomerase IIα also results in multinucleated cells. Our findings suggest that Fbxo28 regulates topoisomerase IIα decatenation activity and plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Kratz
- a Cell Cycle Control and Carcinogenesis, F045, German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Kai T Richter
- a Cell Cycle Control and Carcinogenesis, F045, German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Yvonne T Schlosser
- a Cell Cycle Control and Carcinogenesis, F045, German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Miriam Schmitt
- a Cell Cycle Control and Carcinogenesis, F045, German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Anatoliy Shumilov
- b Pathogenesis of Virus Associated Tumors, F100, German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Henri-Jacques Delecluse
- b Pathogenesis of Virus Associated Tumors, F100, German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Ingrid Hoffmann
- a Cell Cycle Control and Carcinogenesis, F045, German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
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Mladenović M, Stanković N, Matić S, Stanić S, Mihailović M, Mihailović V, Katanić J, Boroja T, Vuković N. Newly discovered chroman-2,4-diones neutralize the in vivo DNA damage induced by alkylation through the inhibition of Topoisomerase IIα: A story behind the molecular modeling approach. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:243-66. [PMID: 26319574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Eight chroman-2,4-diones, namely 2a-h, previously investigated as anticoagulants, of which 2a and 2f as the most active, were evaluated as in vivo genotoxic agents in Wistar rat livers and kidneys using the comet assay. Compounds 2a, 2b, and 2f without genotoxic activity were applied prior to ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and diminished EMS-induced DNA damage according to the total score and percentage of reduction. EMS produce harmful O(6)-ethylguanine lesion which is incorporated in aberrant genotoxic GT and TG pairing after ATP-dependent DNA strand breaks have been catalyzed by rat Topoisomerase IIα (rTopIIα, EC 5.99.1.3). Therefore, the mechanism of 2a, 2b, and 2f antigenotoxic activity was investigated on the enzyme level using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations insamuch as it had been determined that compounds do not intercalate DNA but instead inhibit the ATPase activity. Calculations predicted that compounds inhibit ATP hydrolysis before the DNA-EMS cleavage is being catalyzed by rTopIIα, prevent EMS mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, and beside anticoagulant activity can even be applied in the cancer treatment to control the rate of anticancer alkylation drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Mladenović
- Kragujevac Center for Computational Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, PO Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Nevena Stanković
- Kragujevac Center for Computational Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, PO Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Sanja Matić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, PO Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Snežana Stanić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, PO Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Mirjana Mihailović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir Mihailović
- Bioactive Natural Products Investigation, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, PO Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Katanić
- Bioactive Natural Products Investigation, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, PO Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Tatjana Boroja
- Bioactive Natural Products Investigation, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, PO Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Nenad Vuković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, PO Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
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Saleh EM. Inhibition of topoisomerase IIα sensitizes FaDu cells to ionizing radiation by diminishing DNA repair. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8985-92. [PMID: 26081617 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high efficiency of ionizing radiation (IR) to inactivate malignant tumours in general, an appreciable number of individual patients cannot be cured by standard IR. Head and neck tumours are not likely to be cured even by high-dose radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Accordingly, combined therapy is one of the most applicable strategies. Topoisomerase IIα is a ubiquitous enzyme that removes knots and tangles from the genetic material by generating and subsequently resealing of transient double-strand breaks. Due to its unique mechanism of action, topoisomerase IIα is the target of many chemotherapeutic agents such as etoposide. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of inhibiting topoisomerase IIα by etoposide on the response of squamous cell carcinoma to IR. Results of the present study demonstrated a radiosensitizing effect for the topoisomerase IIα inhibitor etoposide on exponentially growing squamous cell carcinoma (FaDu) cell line especially at low radiation doses. This effect was found to be due to inhibition, by etoposide, of the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage. Cell cycle studies showed that the concentration of etoposide that sensitized the cells to radiation had no effect on the distribution of cells at different phases of the cell cycle. Synchronization of FaDu cells in different cell cycle phases revealed that proliferating G1 and G2 cells are responsible for sensitization of cells at low doses of ionizing radiation. It might, therefore, be concluded that topoisomerase II enzyme may be involved in the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage and consequently its inhibition constitute a strategy for sensitizing tumour cells to ionizing radiation.
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20
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Jain CK, Roychoudhury S, Majumder HK. Selective killing of G2 decatenation checkpoint defective colon cancer cells by catalytic topoisomerase II inhibitor. Biochim Biophys Acta 2015; 1853:1195-204. [PMID: 25746763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells with defective DNA decatenation checkpoint can be selectively targeted by the catalytic inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα) enzyme. Upon treatment with catalytic topo IIα inhibitors, cells with defective decatenation checkpoint fail to arrest their cell cycle in G2 phase and enter into M phase with catenated and under-condensed chromosomes resulting into impaired mitosis and eventually cell death. In the present work we analyzed decatenation checkpoint in five different colon cancer cell lines (HCT116, HT-29, Caco2, COLO 205 and SW480) and in one non-cancerous cell line (HEK293T). Four out of the five colon cancer cell lines i.e. HCT116, HT-29, Caco2, and COLO 205 were found to be compromised for the decatenation checkpoint function at different extents, whereas SW480 and HEK293T cell lines were found to be proficient for the checkpoint function. Upon treatment with ICRF193, decatenation checkpoint defective cell lines failed to arrest the cell cycle in G2 phase and entered into M phase without proper chromosomal decatenation, resulting into the formation of tangled mass of catenated and under-condensed chromosomes. Such cells underwent mitotic catastrophe and rapid apoptosis like cell death and showed higher sensitivity for ICRF193. Our study suggests that catalytic inhibitors of topoisomerase IIα are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of colon cancers with defective DNA decatenation checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Kumar Jain
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India; Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Hemanta Kumar Majumder
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Turner JG, Dawson J, Cubitt CL, Baz R, Sullivan DM. Inhibition of CRM1-dependent nuclear export sensitizes malignant cells to cytotoxic and targeted agents. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 27:62-73. [PMID: 24631834 PMCID: PMC4108511 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking of proteins is a significant factor in the development of cancer and drug resistance. Subcellular localization of exported proteins linked to cancer development include those involved in cell growth and proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, transformation, angiogenesis, cell adhesion, invasion, and metastasis. Here, we examined the basic mechanisms involved in the export of proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. All proteins over 40kDa use the nuclear pore complex to gain entry or exit from the nucleus, with the primary nuclear export molecule involved in these processes being chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1, exportin 1 or XPO1). Proteins exported from the nucleus must possess a hydrophobic nuclear export signal (NES) peptide that binds to a hydrophobic groove containing an active-site Cys528 in the CRM1 protein. CRM1 inhibitors function largely by covalent modification of the active site Cys528 and prevent binding to the cargo protein NES. In the absence of a CRM1 inhibitor, CRM1 binds cooperatively to the NES of the cargo protein and RanGTP, forming a trimer that is actively transported out of the nucleus by facilitated diffusion. Nuclear export can be blocked by CRM1 inhibitors, NES peptide inhibitors or by preventing post-translational modification of cargo proteins. Clinical trials using the classic CRM1 inhibitor leptomycin B proved too toxic for patients; however, a new generation of less toxic small molecule inhibitors is being used in clinical trials in patients with both hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Additional trials are being initiated using small-molecule CRM1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapeutics such as pegylated liposomal doxorubicin. In this review, we present evidence that combining the new CRM1 inhibitors with other classes of therapeutics may prove effective in the treatment of cancer. Potential combinatorial therapies discussed include the use of CRM1 inhibitors and the addition of alkylating agents (melphalan), anthracyclines (doxorubicin and daunomycin), BRAF inhibitors, platinum drugs (cisplatin and oxaliplatin), proteosome inhibitors (bortezomib and carfilzomib), or tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (imatinib). Also, the sequence of treatment may be important for combination therapy. We found that the most effective treatment regimen involved first priming the cancer cells with the CRM1 inhibitor followed by doxorubicin, bortezomib, carfilzomib, or melphalan. This order sensitized both de novo and acquired drug-resistant cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel G Turner
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jana Dawson
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Christopher L Cubitt
- Translational Research Core Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Rachid Baz
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Daniel M Sullivan
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Aljančić IS, Vučković I, Jadranin M, Pešić M, Dorđević I, Podolski-Renić A, Stojković S, Menković N, Vajs VE, Milosavljević SM. Two structurally distinct chalcone dimers from Helichrysum zivojinii and their activities in cancer cell lines. Phytochemistry 2014; 98:190-196. [PMID: 24361288 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dimers tomoroside A (1) and tomoroside B (2) of the co-occuring known chalcone monomer (3), along with the seven known flavonoid glucosides (4-10), were isolated from the aerial parts of Helichrysum zivojinii Černjavski & Soška. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. Compound 1 inhibited topo IIα and hif-1α expression and stimulated doxorubicin anticancer effect, while 2 increased the expression of hif-1α, probably acting as antioxidant and redox status modulator. Notably, 2 synergized with Tipifarnib showing potential to improve the action of this new chemotherapeutic involved in the modulation of mitogene activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana S Aljančić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Center for Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ivan Vučković
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milka Jadranin
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Center for Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Pešić
- Institute for Biological Research, Department of Neurobiology, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iris Dorđević
- Faculty for Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobodenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Podolski-Renić
- Institute for Biological Research, Department of Neurobiology, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Stojković
- Institute for Biological Research, Department of Neurobiology, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Menković
- Institute for Medicinal Plant Research, "Dr. Josif Pančić", Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vlatka E Vajs
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Center for Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
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23
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Shapiro AB, Austin CA. A high-throughput fluorescence anisotropy-based assay for human topoisomerase II β-catalyzed ATP-dependent supercoiled DNA relaxation. Anal Biochem 2013; 448:23-9. [PMID: 24309019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Because of their essentiality for DNA replication, transcription, and repair, type II topoisomerases are targets for antibacterial and anticancer drugs. There are two type II topoisomerases in humans, topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) and topoisomerase IIβ (TOP2B), and two in bacteria, gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Inhibition of one or both of the human type II topoisomerases by antibacterial compounds targeting their bacterial counterparts could result in toxicity. In addition, side effects of anticancer drugs targeting TOP2A could result from inhibition of TOP2B. A simple and rapid biochemical assay for the activity of TOP2A and TOP2B would be advantageous for screening for novel inhibitors, testing them for selectivity for one enzyme over the other, and testing for potential toxicity of antibacterial type II topoisomerases mediated by human topoisomerase II inhibition. In this paper, we show that a previously reported high-throughput, fluorescence anisotropy-based assay for ATP-dependent relaxation of supercoiled DNA by human TOP2A can also be used under identical conditions for human TOP2B. We used this assay to compare the potencies versus both enzymes of 19 compounds reported in the literature to inhibit human and/or bacterial type II topoisomerases. We also used the assay to investigate the effect of ATP concentration on inhibitor potencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Shapiro
- Infection Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
| | - Caroline A Austin
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, The University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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24
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Abstract
Type II topoisomerases are essential enzymes that regulate DNA under- and overwinding and remove knots and tangles from the genetic material. In order to carry out their critical physiological functions, these enzymes utilize a double-stranded DNA passage mechanism that requires them to generate a transient double-stranded break. Consequently, while necessary for cell survival, type II topoisomerases also have the capacity to fragment the genome. This feature of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes, respectively, is exploited to treat a variety of bacterial infections and cancers in humans. All type II topoisomerases require divalent metal ions for catalytic function. These metal ions function in two separate active sites and are necessary for the ATPase and DNA cleavage/ligation activities of the enzymes. ATPase activity is required for the strand passage process and utilizes the metal-dependent binding and hydrolysis of ATP to drive structural rearrangements in the protein. Both the DNA cleavage and ligation activities of type II topoisomerases require divalent metal ions and appear to utilize a novel variant of the canonical two-metal-ion phosphotransferase/hydrolase mechanism to facilitate these reactions. This article will focus primarily on eukaryotic type II topoisomerases and the roles of metal ions in the catalytic functions of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Deweese
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, TN 37204-3951, USA
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