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Louvard C, Yong RQY, Cutmore SC, Cribb TH. The oceanic pleuston community as a potentially crucial life-cycle pathway for pelagic fish-infecting parasitic worms. Int J Parasitol 2024; 54:267-278. [PMID: 37977247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Pleustonic organisms form an important part of pelagic ecosystems by contributing to pelagic trophic chains and supporting connectivity between oceanic habitats. This study systematically analysed the trematode community harboured by pleustonic molluscs and cnidarians from offshore Queensland, Australia. Four mollusc and three cnidarian species were collected from beaches of North Stradbroke Island, Queensland. Two mollusc species and all three cnidarians harboured large numbers of hemiuroid metacercariae (Trematoda: Hemiuroidea). Eight taxa from four hemiuroid families (Accacoeliidae, Didymozoidae, Hemiuridae and Sclerodistomidae) were distinguished via molecular sequencing. Four of those taxa were identified to species. All trematode taxa except one didymozoid were shared by two or more host species; five species occurred in both gastropods and cnidarians. It is hypothesised that the life-cycles of these hemiuroids are highly plastic, involving multiple opportunistic pathways of metacercarial transmission to the definitive hosts. Transmission and the use of pleuston by hemiuroids likely varies with sea surface use and ontogenetic trophic shifts of apex predators. The small number of trematode species found in pleuston is consistent with significant ecological specificity, and the inference that other pelagic trematodes use alternative pathways of transmission that do not involve pleustonic organisms. Such pathways may involve i) pelagic hosts exclusively; ii) benthic or demersal hosts exclusively, consumed by apex predators during their dives; or iii) both benthic and pelagic hosts in transmission chains dependent on vertical migrations of prey. The influence of the connectivity of open-ocean ecosystems on parasite transmission is identified as an area in critical need of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Louvard
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Marine Parasitology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Russell Q-Y Yong
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Scott C Cutmore
- Queensland Museum, Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
| | - Thomas H Cribb
- Marine Parasitology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; Queensland Museum, Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
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Miller JL, Erickson L, Fork S, Roderick CL, Grear DA, Cole RA. Morbidity in California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus Eschscholtz, 1833) caused by Euryhelmis sp. Poche, 1926 ( Trematoda: Heterophyiidae). Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2024; 23:100908. [PMID: 38405673 PMCID: PMC10885628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In the fall of 2021, California Department of Fish and Wildlife reported larval and adult California giant salamanders (Dicamptodon ensatus Eschscholtz, 1833) with skin lesions at multiple creeks in Santa Clara and Santa Cruz Counties, California, USA. Field signs in both stages included rough, lumpy textured skin, and larvae with tails that were disproportionately long, flat, wavy, and flaccid. Presence of large-bodied larvae suggested delayed metamorphosis, with some larvae having cloudy eyes and suspected blindness. To determine the cause of the disease, three first-of-the-year salamanders from one location were collected, euthanized with 20% benzocaine, and submitted for necropsy to the U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center. Upon gross examination, all salamanders were emaciated with no internal fat stores, and had multiple pinpoint to 1.5-mm diameter raised nodules in the skin over the body, including the head, gills, dorsum, ventrum, all four limbs, and the tail; one also had nodules in the oral cavity and tongue. Histologically all salamanders had multiple encysted metacercariae in the dermis, subcutis, and skeletal muscles of the head, body, and tail that were often associated with granulomatous and granulocytic inflammation and edema. A small number of encysted metacercariae or empty cysts were present in the gills with minimal inflammation, and rarely in the kidney with no associated inflammation. Morphology of live metacercariae (Trematoda: Heterophyiidae), and sequencing of the 28S rRNA gene identified a species of Euryhelmis (Poche, 1926). Artificial digestion of a 1.65 g, decapitated, eviscerated carcass yielded 773 metacercariae, all of similar size and morphology as the live specimens. Based on these findings, the poor body condition of these salamanders was concluded to be due to heavy parasite burden. Environmental factors such as drought, increased temperature, and overcrowded conditions may be exacerbating parasite infections in these populations of salamander.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie L. Miller
- U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lawrence Erickson
- Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, Watsonville, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel A. Grear
- U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Cole
- U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI, USA
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Muzarabani KC, Carolus H, Schols R, Hammoud C, Barson M, Huyse T. An update on snail and trematode communities in the Sanyati Basin of Lake Kariba: New snail and trematode species but no human schistosomes. Parasitol Int 2024; 99:102830. [PMID: 38016629 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The construction of Lake Kariba brought about a rise in the incidence of schistosomiasis in its surrounding towns of Kariba (Zimbabwe) and Siavonga (Zambia). After extensive control programs in Kariba, schistosomiasis prevalence dropped significantly. The objective of this study was to revisit the same localities sampled by Chimbari et al. (2003), and provide an update on the snail community and prevalence of trematodes in the Northern shore of Lake Kariba while focusing on planorbid species. METHODS Monthly sampling of snails at 16 sites along the Northern shoreline of Lake Kariba, near Kariba town, was undertaken for one year. Minimum one specimen per morphotype was identified using molecular barcoding (sequencing a fragment of cytochrome c oxidase I subunit (COI)). The infection status of snails was assessed by Rapid Diagnostic PCRs (RD-PCR), and trematode infections were genotyped by sequencing COI and 18S rDNA markers. RESULTS We collected and identified seven snail species: Bulinus truncatus, Bulinus forskalii, Gyraulus sp., Physella acuta, Bellamya sp., Radix affinis plicatula and Pseudosuccinea columella. Physella acuta was the most abundant snail species (comprising 56.95% of the total snail count) and present at all sites. The B. truncatus population was found to be infected with the stomach fluke Carmyerius cruciformis, a Petasiger sp. and a trematode species belonging to the family Notocotylidae. No Schistosoma sp. infections were detected in our collected snail specimens. CONCLUSIONS We report B. truncatus as an intermediate snail host for Carmyerius cruciformis, and the presence of three non-schistosome trematode species that have not been reported in Lake Kariba before. Furthermore, we detect a possible shift in the snail community when compared to the report by Chimbari et al. (2003): this is the first record of Gyraulus sp. in Lake Kariba, and we did not observe the previously reported B. pfeifferi, B. globosus and Radix natalensis. Although this shift in snail communities might have contributed to the absence of Schistosoma spp. detection in this study, further monitoring of final and intermediate hosts across the Kariba basin is essential to prove a decrease of schistosomiasis in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kudzai C Muzarabani
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Hans Carolus
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruben Schols
- Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium; Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Cyril Hammoud
- Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium; Limnology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maxwell Barson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Tine Huyse
- Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
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Scholz T, Kuchta R, Barčák D, Cech G, Oros M. Small intestinal flukes of the genus Metagonimus (Digenea: Heterophyidae) in Europe and the Middle East: A review of parasites with zoonotic potential. Parasite 2024; 31:20. [PMID: 38551578 PMCID: PMC10979786 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The heterophyid trematode Metagonimus romanicus (Ciurea, 1915) (Digenea) is redescribed on the basis of type material from domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) in Romania, vouchers from experimentally infected cats (Felis catus) and adults recovered from golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) infected with metacercariae from scales of chub (Squalius cephalus) and common nase (Chondrostoma nasus) (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae) in Hungary. This trematode, endemic to Europe and neighbouring regions (northwestern Türkiye), was previously misidentified as M. yokogawai (Katsurada, 1912), a zoonotic parasite of humans in East Asia. However, the two species differ considerably both genetically and morphologically, e.g., in the position of the ventral sucker, the presence of the prepharynx, the anterior extent of the vitelline follicles and the posterior extent of the uterus. Metagonimus ciureanus (Witenberg, 1929) (syn. Dexiogonimus ciureanus Witenberg, 1929), described from domestic cats and dogs in Israel, is a valid species distributed in the Middle East and Transcaucasia, which is also confirmed by molecular data. It differs from all Metagonimus species, including M. romanicus, in having symmetrical testes instead of the oblique testes of the other congeners. The zoonotic significance of M. romanicus and M. ciureanus is unclear, but appears to be low in Europe, mainly because raw or undercooked, whole fish with scales are generally not consumed. Accidental infection of fishermen by metacercariae in the scales when cleaning fish is more likely, but has never been reported. Remains of cyprinoids with scales infected with metacercariae of Metagonimus spp. can be an important natural source of infection for dogs, cats, and other carnivores, which can serve as a reservoir for these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences Branišovská 31 370 05 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Roman Kuchta
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences Branišovská 31 370 05 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Barčák
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences Hlinkova 3 040 01 Košice Slovakia
| | - Gábor Cech
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute Hungária krt. 21 1143 Budapest Hungary
| | - Mikuláš Oros
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences Hlinkova 3 040 01 Košice Slovakia
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Cribb TH, Cutmore SC, Wee NQX, Browne JG, Morales PD, Pitt KA. Lepocreadiidae ( Trematoda) associated with gelatinous zooplankton (Cnidaria and Ctenophora) and fishes in Australian and Japanese waters. Parasitol Int 2024; 101:102890. [PMID: 38522781 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2024.102890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
We examined gelatinous zooplankton from off eastern Australia for lepocreadiid trematode metacercariae. From 221 specimens of 17 species of cnidarian medusae and 218 specimens of four species of ctenophores, infections were found in seven cnidarian and two ctenophore species. Metacercariae were distinguished using cox1 mtDNA, ITS2 rDNA and morphology. We identified three species of Prodistomum Linton, 1910 [P. keyam Bray & Cribb, 1996, P. orientale (Layman, 1930), and Prodistomum Type 3], two species of Opechona Looss, 1907 [O. kahawai Bray & Cribb, 2003 and O. cf. olssoni], and Cephalolepidapedon saba Yamaguti, 1970. Two species were found in cnidarians and ctenophores, three only in cnidarians, and one only in a ctenophore. Three Australian fishes were identified as definitive hosts; four species were collected from Scomber australasicus and one each from Arripis trutta and Monodactylus argenteus. Transmission of trematodes to these fishes by ingestion of gelatinous zooplankton is plausible given their mid-water feeding habits, although such predation is rarely reported. Combined morphological and molecular analyses of adult trematodes identified two cox1 types for C. saba, three cox1 types and species of Opechona, and six cox1 types and five species of Prodistomum of which only two are identified to species. All three genera are widely distributed geographically and have unresolved taxonomic issues. Levels of distinction between the recognised species varied dramatically for morphology, the three molecular markers, and host distribution. Phylogenetic analysis of 28S rDNA data extends previous findings that species of Opechona and Prodistomum do not form monophyletic clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Cribb
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Queensland Museum, Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia.
| | - Scott C Cutmore
- Queensland Museum, Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
| | - Nicholas Q-X Wee
- Queensland Museum, Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
| | - Joanna G Browne
- School of Environment and Science and Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; Museums Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | | | - Kylie A Pitt
- School of Environment and Science and Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
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Faltýnková A, Jouet D, Nielsen ÓK, Skírnisson K. First species record of Strigea falconis Szidat, 1928 ( Trematoda, Strigeidae) from gyrfalcon Falco rusticolus in Iceland-pros and cons of a complex life cycle. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:147. [PMID: 38433153 PMCID: PMC10909778 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08161-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Strigea falconis is a common parasite of birds of prey and owls widely distributed in the Holarctic. We aimed to characterise S. falconis from Iceland via integrative taxonomic approach and to contribute to the understanding of its circulation in the Holarctic. We recovered adult S. falconis from two gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus) collected in 2011 and 2012 in Iceland (Reykjanes Peninsula, Westfjords) and characterised them by morphological and molecular genetic (D2 of rDNA, cox1, ND1 of the mDNA) methods. We provide the first species record of S. falconis in Iceland which to the best of our knowledge is its northernmost distributional range. The presence of S. falconis in Iceland is surprising, as there are no suitable intermediate hosts allowing completion of its life cycle. Gyrfalcons are fully sedentary in Iceland; thus, the only plausible explanation is that they acquired their infection by preying upon migratory birds arriving from Europe. Our data indicate that the most likely candidates are Anseriformes and Charadriiformes. Also, we corroborate the wide geographical distribution of S. falconis, as we found a high degree of similarity between our haplotypes and sequences of mesocercariae from frogs in France and of a metacercaria from Turdus naumanni in Japan, and adults from Buteo buteo and Circus aeruginosus from the Czech Republic. The case of Strigea falconis shows the advantages of a complex life cycle and also depicts its pitfalls when a parasite is introduced to a new area with no suitable intermediate hosts. In Iceland, gyrfalcons are apparently dead-end hosts for S. falconis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Faltýnková
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Damien Jouet
- ESCAPE UR7510, USC ANSES PETARD, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51 Rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096, Reims Cedex, France
| | | | - Karl Skírnisson
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute for Experimental Pathology, Keldur, University of Iceland, IS-112, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Solórzano-García B, Hernández-Mena DI, Choudhury A, Pérez-Ponce de León G. The complete mitochondrial genome of 3 species of allocreadiids (Digenea, Allocreadiidae): characterization and phylogenetic position within the order Plagiorchiida. Parasitology 2024; 151:309-318. [PMID: 38223986 PMCID: PMC11007277 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182024000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Trematodes of the family Allocreadiidae are primarily found in the intestines of freshwater fishes around the world. The family includes 15 genera and c. 130 species. The last 2 decades have witnessed an increase in the genetic library of its species. Molecular data have been crucial for species delimitation and species description within Allocreadiidae and for understanding their evolutionary and biogeographical history and classification. Here, the mitogenomes of 3 species of allocreadiids were obtained using high throughput sequencing methods. Mitogenomes were compared with other members of the order Plagiorchiida to determine their molecular composition, gene rearrangement and phylogenetic interrelationships. The complete circular mitogenomes of Allocreadium lobatum, Creptotrematina aguirrepequenoi and Wallinia mexicana were 14 424, 13 769 and 13 924 bp long respectively, comprising 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 2 non-coding regions. Gene arrangements were identical to other Xiphidiatan trematodes. Phylogenetic analyses using the mitogenomes revealed Allocreadiidae as a monophyletic group closely related to other members of the suborder Xiphidiata; A. lobatum was yielded as the sister taxon of C. aguirrepequenoi + W. mexicana. Our study increases the complete mitochondrial genome library of trematodes and strengthens our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships and classification of this parasite group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Solórzano-García
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores unidad Mérida (ENES-Mérida, UNAM), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - David I. Hernández-Mena
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores unidad Mérida (ENES-Mérida, UNAM), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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Sitko J, Heneberg P. Avian trematodes of central European corvids are heterogeneous regarding preferences for host species and age. J Helminthol 2024; 98:e17. [PMID: 38325410 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Corvids are highly adaptive birds that respond well to anthropogenic changes in their environment. Trematode communities of corvids were studied mainly in the 1950s through 1970s in regularly flooded parts of the Volga River delta in Russia; more recent studies and data from other regions where the corvids are in less contact with postflooding habitats are limited. Data for Corvus corax were lacking. Using our samples obtained from 1963 to 2023, we performed a large-scale analysis of trematode species composition and community structure in Corvus frugilegus, Corvus cornix, C. corax, Coloeus monedula, Pica pica, and Garrulus glandarius; all originated from the Czech Republic. We identified corvids as hosts of mutually overlapping component communities of only a few species of trematodes (Brachylecithum lobatum, Lyperosomum petiolatum, Lyperosomum longicauda, Tamerlania zarudnyi, Urogonimus macrostomus), with the presence of many rare and incidental findings of other trematode species. Only a few species used corvids as their core hosts (L. longicauda and B. lobatum). Trematode component communities in first-year birds included Prosthogonimus cuneatus, Prosthogonimus ovatus, Plagiorchis asperus, and Morishitium dollfusi due to an increased share of insects (intermediate hosts of Prosthogonimus and Plagiorchis) and snails (intermediate hosts of Morishitium) in the diet of juveniles. The trematode component communities of corvid species overlapped but were heterogeneous at the level of host individuals, likely reflecting differences in food sources related to the respective host ages and nesting sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sitko
- Comenius Museum, Moravian Ornithological Station, Přerov, Czech Republic
| | - P Heneberg
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Moore SE, Siwertsson A, Lafferty KD, Kuris AM, Soldánová M, Morton D, Primicerio R, Amundsen PA. Parasites alter food-web topology of a subarctic lake food web and its pelagic and benthic compartments. Oecologia 2024; 204:257-277. [PMID: 38326516 PMCID: PMC10907417 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05503-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
We compared three sets of highly resolved food webs with and without parasites for a subarctic lake system corresponding to its pelagic and benthic compartments and the whole-lake food web. Key topological food-web metrics were calculated for each set of compartments to explore the role parasites play in food-web topology in these highly contrasting webs. After controlling for effects from differences in web size, we observed similar responses to the addition of parasites in both the pelagic and benthic compartments demonstrated by increases in trophic levels, linkage density, connectance, generality, and vulnerability despite the contrasting composition of free-living and parasitic species between the two compartments. Similar effects on food-web topology can be expected with the inclusion of parasites, regardless of the physical characteristics and taxonomic community compositions of contrasting environments. Additionally, similar increases in key topological metrics were found in the whole-lake food web that combines the pelagic and benthic webs, effects that are comparable to parasite food-web analyses from other systems. These changes in topological metrics are a result of the unique properties of parasites as infectious agents and the links they participate in. Trematodes were key contributors to these results, as these parasites have distinct characteristics in aquatic systems that introduce new link types and increase the food web's generality and vulnerability disproportionate to other parasites. Our analysis highlights the importance of incorporating parasites, especially trophically transmitted parasites, into food webs as they significantly alter key topological metrics and are thus essential for understanding an ecosystem's structure and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Moore
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Anna Siwertsson
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kevin D Lafferty
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, at Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Armand M Kuris
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Miroslava Soldánová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Morton
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Raul Primicerio
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Per-Arne Amundsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Hidaka M, Uraguchi K, Matsuyama H, Kouguchi H. The first record of Brachylaima ezohelicis ( Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes schrencki). Parasitol Int 2024; 98:102826. [PMID: 37984790 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Brachylaima spp. are trematodes that have a unique life cycle as they exclusively use land snails as the intermediate host. Although their intermediate host has been well studied, very little information is available about their definitive host, partly as isolation of its adult stage from wild animals is rare. We found three trematodes in the small intestine of a red fox (Vulpes vulpes schrencki) in Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan. The trematodes were identified as Brachylaima ezohelicis based on morphological features and genetic analysis, which is believed to have a definitive avian host. The morphological features of the isolated trematodes were consistent with B. ezohelicis samples grown in the definitive host except for body length. Our study suggests that B. ezohelicis uses mammals as definitive hosts as well as birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Hidaka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita 19, Nishi 12, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan.
| | - Kohji Uraguchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita 19, Nishi 12, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuyama
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita 19, Nishi 12, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kouguchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita 19, Nishi 12, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
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Kirillova NY, Kirillov AA, Shchenkov SV, Knyazev AE, Vekhnik VA. Morphological and molecular characterization of plagiorchiid trematodes ( Plagiorchis: Plagiorchiidae, Digenea) from bats with redescription of Plagiorchis mordovii Shaldybin, 1958. J Helminthol 2024; 98:e2. [PMID: 38167587 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Five Plagiorchis spp. parasitize bats in European Russia: Plagiorchis elegans, Plagiorchis koreanus, Plagiorchis mordovii, Plagiorchis muelleri, and Plagiorchis vespertilionis. Their identification is difficult due to a high morphological similarity. The morphological variability of these species is poorly studied. The taxonomic position of P. mordovii remains debatable. The purpose of our study was to analyse Plagiorchis spp. from European bats using a combination of morphological and molecular-phylogenetic approaches and to establish the taxonomic position of the problematic species P. mordovii.Plagiorchis spp. were shown to be variable morphologically and morphometrically both from various host species and from different specimens of the same species. We presented a new taxonomic key for identification of the Plagiorchis spp. from European bats, provided a complete description of Plagiorchis mordovii, and confirmed the validity and the generic affiliation of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Kirillova
- Laboratory for Biodiversity, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin RAS, Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Togliatti, 445003, Russia
| | - A A Kirillov
- Laboratory for Biodiversity, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin RAS, Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Togliatti, 445003, Russia
| | - S V Shchenkov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - A E Knyazev
- Laboratory for Biodiversity, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin RAS, Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Togliatti, 445003, Russia
| | - V A Vekhnik
- Laboratory for Biodiversity, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin RAS, Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Togliatti, 445003, Russia
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12
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Heneberg P, Sitko J. Morishitium polonicum (Machalska, 1980) is a junior synonym of Morishitium dollfusi (Timon-David, 1950) ( Trematoda: Cyclocoeliidae). Parasitol Res 2023; 122:3159-3168. [PMID: 37864718 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Species of the genus Morishitium Witenberg, 1928 are parasites of the body cavity, air sacs, and lungs of birds. At least 14 species are considered valid, but molecular confirmation of their status is lacking. Here, we provide the first molecular data on Morishitium dollfusi isolated from their type host Pica pica, compared them with previously reported molecular data from Morishitium polonicum isolated from their type and paratype hosts, Turdus merula and Turdus philomelos, and performed extensive measurements of 511 individuals of Morishitium spp. across a broad host spectrum, at multiple infection intensities, and year-round. We analyzed the molecular phylogenetics of Morishitium spp. adults isolated from bird hosts of Czech origin and provide comparative measurements of the analyzed specimens. Based on the molecular examination of morphologically identified specimens of M. dollfusi and M. polonicum (CO1, ND1, and ITS2 markers), we propose synonymization of Morishitium dollfusi (Timon-David, 1950) with Morishitium polonicum (Machalska, 1980) (isolates of European origin). The three markers were either identical (CO1, ITS2) or formed haplotypes shared by the two species (ND1). Morphological analyses revealed a continuum of key identification features for the two above-named species, although we used specimens matching the original descriptions and isolated them from the type hosts. Therefore, Morishitium polonicum is a junior synonym of Morishitium dollfusi. Attention is needed regarding the status of East Asian isolates identified previously as M. polonicum (or M. polonicum malayense). The molecular analysis revealed that these isolates form a distinct clade, and further research is needed to produce data allowing the likely separation of the malayense clade as a separate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Heneberg
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Jiljí Sitko
- Comenius Museum, Moravian Ornithological Station, Přerov, Czechia
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13
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Gorbushin AM. Unveiling novel RNA viruses in trematodes parasitizing common periwinkle: Implications for host-parasite interactions. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 201:108012. [PMID: 37898363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.108012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
This study characterized novel RNA viruses, parasites of parasites, or hyperparasites identified during transcriptomic analyses of two trematode species, Cryptocotyle lingua and Himasthla elongata, infecting a sea snail, Littorina littorea. According to the viral genome structures and phylogenetic analysis, Cryptolin alternavirus (ClRNAV1), Cryptolin calicivirus (ClRNAV2) and Himastelon rhabdovirus 1 (HeRNAV1) were respectively classified within the families Alternaviridae, Caliciviridae and Rhabdoviridae. They replicate species-specifically in two studied phases of trematode live cycle: intramolluscan parthenogenetic rediae and free-swimming cercariae. ClRNAV1 showed significantly higher expression in C. lingua cercariae relative to rediae. HeRNAV1's similarity to rabies viruses raises questions about its potential effects on the nervous system of H. elongata. This 'trematode rabies' could enable the use of genetically modified viruses for developing new methods to control the spread and intensity of diseases caused by trematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Gorbushin
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry (IEPhB RAS), St Petersburg, Russia.
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14
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Hechinger RF. More on formally naming trematode parthenitae and cercariae. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:891-892. [PMID: 37658005 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan F Hechinger
- Marine Biology Research Division-Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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15
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Vermaak A, Kudlai O, Yong RQY, Smit NJ. Novel insights into the genetics, morphology, distribution and hosts of the global fish parasitic digenean Proctoeces maculatus (Looss, 1901) (Digenea: Fellodistomidae). Parasitology 2023; 150:1242-1253. [PMID: 37905529 PMCID: PMC10801382 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023001026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Larval stages of the widely distributed digenean species Proctoeces maculatus (Looss, 1901) were reported 40 years ago from South Africa in the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris Cuvier (Octopodidae). However, the absence of adult specimens and molecular data from this region has hindered a comprehensive understanding of its distribution. In this study, we collected three species of intertidal and near-shore marine fishes [Clinus superciliosus (L.) (Clinidae), Diplodus capensis (Smith) (Sparidae) and Sparodon durbanensis (Castelnau) (Sparidae)] along the South African coast and discovered adult specimens of P. maculatus at five localities. By employing a combination of morphological and molecular techniques, including 28S rDNA, 18S rDNA and COI mtDNA analyses, the first report of adult P. maculatus from South Africa is presented. The findings encompass a comprehensive morphological description and molecular data, illuminating the true distribution of this species in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Vermaak
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Olena Kudlai
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Russell Q-Y. Yong
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Nico J. Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa
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16
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Brabec J, Salomaki ED, Kolísko M, Scholz T, Kuchta R. The evolution of endoparasitism and complex life cycles in parasitic platyhelminths. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4269-4275.e3. [PMID: 37729914 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Within flatworms, the vast majority of parasitism is innate to Neodermata, the most derived and diversified group of the phylum Platyhelminthes.1,2 The four major lineages of Neodermata maintain various combinations of life strategies.3 They include both externally (ecto-) and internally feeding (endo-) parasites. Some lineages complete their life cycles directly by infecting a single host, whereas others succeed only through serial infections of multiple hosts of various vertebrate and invertebrate groups. Food sources and modes of digestion add further combinatorial layers to the often incompletely understood mosaic of neodermatan life histories. Their evolutionary trajectories have remained molecularly unresolved because of conflicting evolutionary inferences and a lack of genomic data.4 Here, we generated transcriptomes for nine early branching neodermatan representatives and performed detailed phylogenomic analyses to address these critical gaps. Polyopisthocotylea, mostly hematophagous ectoparasites, form a group with the mostly hematophagous but endoparasitic trematodes (Trematoda), rather than sharing a common ancestor with Monopisthocotylea, ectoparasitic epithelial feeders. Phylogenetic placement of the highly specialized endoparasitic Cestoda alters depending on the model. Regardless of this uncertainty, this study brings an unconventional perspective on the evolution of platyhelminth parasitism, rejecting a common origin for the endoparasitic lifestyle intrinsic to cestodes and trematodes. Instead, our data indicate that complex life cycles and invasion of vertebrates' gut lumen, the hallmark features of these parasites, evolved independently within Neodermata. We propose the demise of the traditionally recognized class Monogenea and the promotion of its two subclasses to the class level as Monopisthocotyla new class and Polyopisthocotyla new class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Brabec
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic.
| | - Eric D Salomaki
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic; Center for Computational Biology of Human Disease and Center for Computation and Visualization, Brown University, 180 George St, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Martin Kolísko
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Kuchta
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic
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Flores VR, Hernández-Orts JS, Viozzi GP. A new species of Notocotylus (Digenea: Notocotylidae) from the black-necked swan Cygnus melancorhyphus (Molina) of Argentina. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 45:100925. [PMID: 37783528 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Notocotylus cygni n. sp. is described here, taken from the intestine of the black-necked swan Cygnus melancoryphus (Molina) of Patagonia, Argentina. This new species differs from other members of the genus Notocotylus by having the genital pore anterior to the caecal bifurcation (located slightly posterior to oral sucker) and the unequal number and arrangement of ventral papillae (2-3 in the lateral rows and 10-12 in the median row). Phylogenetic analyses of the 28S and ITS1-5.8S ribosomal DNA (rRNA) sequences of the new species and other notocotylid trematodes available in GenBank indicate that N. cygni n. sp. is a sister taxon of Notocotylus fosteri Kinsella et Tkach, 2005, a trematode of the intestine of the rice rat Oryzomys palustris of Florida, United States. The new species differs from N. fosteri in the unequal number and arrangement of ventral papillae, number of uterine loops, size of the egg, definitive hosts (birds vs. mammals), and disparate environment and geographical distribution (freshwater environment in Patagonia vs. salt marsh in North America). This is the eighth species of Notocotylus reported from birds in Argentina, and the ninth species from the family Notocotylidae recorded in black-necked swans in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Roxana Flores
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, INIBIOMA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - Jesús Servando Hernández-Orts
- Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Gustavo Pedro Viozzi
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, INIBIOMA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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18
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Checa J, Salazar C, Goyeche A, Rivera M, Silveira F, Maggioli G. A promising new target to control fasciolosis: Fasciola hepatica leucine aminopeptidase 2. Vet Parasitol 2023; 320:109959. [PMID: 37329826 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Parasite M17 leucine aminopeptidases (LAPs) have been associated with critical roles in different key functions such as the nutrition, migration, and invasion of the natural host. Native or recombinant LAP used as a vaccine antigen has proved effective to elicit protection against Fasciola hepatica infection in sheep, pointing to potential vaccine candidates against fascioliasis in ruminant species. Previously, the FhLAP1, abundantly secreted in vitro by the mature adult parasite was used as a vaccine antigen obtaining promising protection results against F. hepatica challenge in small ruminants. Here, we report the biochemical characterization of a second recombinant LAP (FhLAP2) associated with the juvenile stage of F. hepatica. FhLAP2 showed aminopeptidase activity using different synthetic substrates, including leucine, arginine, and methionine and was increased in the presence of Mn+ 2 and Mg+ 2. The activity was inhibited by bestatin, 1,10-phenanthroline, and EDTA, specific inhibitors of aminopeptidase and/or metalloproteases. Finally, the recombinant FhLAP2 functional form was tested in combination with Freund's incomplete adjuvant in an immunization trial in mice followed by an experimental challenge with F. hepatica metacercariae. The immunization with FhLAP2/FIA resulted in a significant reduction of parasite recovery compared to control groups. The immunized group elicited total specific IgG and subclasses IgG1 and IgG2 antibody responses. This study highlights the potential of a new candidate vaccine formulation with potential applications in natural ruminant hosts, especially those targeting the juvenile stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackeline Checa
- Unidad de Biología Parasitaria, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Salazar
- Unidad de Biología Parasitaria, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Antonella Goyeche
- Unidad de Biología Parasitaria, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Rivera
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Silveira
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Maggioli
- Unidad de Biología Parasitaria, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
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Hechinger RF. Let's restart formally naming 'larval' trematodes. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:638-649. [PMID: 37385923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Arguably the most unique biological features of trematode parasites involve their clonal parthenitae and cercariae. These life stages are biologically fascinating, medically and scientifically important, and often studied for years, lacking knowledge of their corresponding sexual adult stages. But sexual adults are the focus of trematode species-level taxonomy, partially explaining the relative neglect of documenting the diversity of parthenitae and cercariae and why researchers who do describe them give them only provisional names. Provisional names are unregulated, unstable, often ambiguous, and, I argue, often unnecessary. I suggest that we recommence formally naming parthenitae and cercariae using an improved naming scheme. The scheme should permit us to reap the benefits of formal nomenclature and thereby enhance research involving these diverse and important parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan F Hechinger
- Marine Biology Research Division-Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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20
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Izrailskaia AV, Besprozvannykh VV. Neodiplostomum cf. seoulense (Seo, Rim, Lee, 1964) sensu Pyo et al., 2014 ( Trematoda: Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886): morphology, life cycle, and phylogenetic relationships. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e61. [PMID: 37503735 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Furcocercariae of the genus Neodiplostomum Railliet, 1919 (Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886) were found in freshwater snails Helicorbis sujfunensis Starobogatov, 1957 (Planorbidae Rafinesque, 1815) collected from three localities in the Russian southern Far East. For the trematodes from each locality, frogs played the role of the second intermediate host, and rats were the definitive host. Chickens were insusceptible to infection. The morphological and molecular data obtained for these trematodes indicated they were representatives of the same species. The experimentally-derived adult individuals were morphometrically similar to the East Asian Neodiplostomum seoulense (Seo, Rim, Lee, 1964), Neodiplostomum oriolinum Oschmarin, 1963, Neodiplostomum leei Chai and Shin, 2002, and Neodiplostomum boryongense Shin et al., 2008. Analysis of available data on the life cycle, developmental stage morphology, and molecular genetic characteristics of East Asian Neodiplostomum revealed a lack of information for objective assessment of the species status of neodiplostomula found in the East Asia region. Based on the considerations above and the data for the cox1 marker, we named the trematode Neodiplostomum cf. seoulense (Seo, Rim, Lee, 1964) sensu Pyo et al., 2014. In a phylogenetic reconstruction based on nuclear and mitochondrial markers, neodiplostomulas clustered into geographically related groups: South American, North American, European, and East Asian, with the former occupying an external position in the tree, which may indicate South America as a center of Neodiplostomum speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Izrailskaia
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 100-letiya Street, 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
- Far Eastern Federal University, Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, FEFU Campus, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok, 690922, Russian Federation
| | - V V Besprozvannykh
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 100-letiya Street, 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
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Vermaak A, Smit NJ, Kudlai O. Molecular characterisation of three species of Coitocaecum (Digenea: Opecoelidae) infecting Clinus superciliosus (Clinidae) in South Africa, with description of Coitocaecum brayi sp. n. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2023; 70:2023.015. [PMID: 37522654 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2023.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The genus Coitocaecum Nicoll, 1915 is part of the most speciose digenean family, the Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925, which is found globally in both freshwater and marine fishes. Fifteen opecoelid species have been reported from marine fishes in South Africa, yet only one species of Coitocaecum has been described from this region: Coitocaecum capense Bray, 1987. During an explorative study of the digeneans of the endemic, intertidal fish Clinus superciliosus (Linnaeus) from the Saldanha Bay area, Cape Town harbour, Hermanus, the Tsitsikamma section of the Garden Route National Park and Chintsa East in South Africa, a total of three distinct species of Coitocaecum were identified based on morphological and molecular (28S rDNA, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA and COI mtDNA) data: the previously mentioned C. capense, Coitocaecum brayi sp. n. and a third, unnamed species. We provide the first molecular characterisation of species of Coitocaecum from South Africa, accompanied by detailed morphological descriptions. This study illustrates the importance of an integrated taxonomic approach, especially when studying species with similar morphology. These findings further emphasise the lack of information on the true diversity and molecular data for trematodes of marine fishes in South Africa, creating a great capacity for future explorative taxonomic studies and highlighting the use of intertidal areas for conducting such research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Vermaak
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Nico J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Olena Kudlai
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Dutton HR, Bullard SA, Kelly AM. NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF CYCLOCOELIDAE STOSSICH, 1902 (PLATYHELMINTHES: DIGENEA) INFECTING THE NASOPHARYNGEAL CAVITY OF CANADA GOOSE, BRANTA CANADENSIS (ANSERIFORMES: ANATIDAE) FROM WESTERN ALABAMA. J Parasitol 2023; 109:349-356. [PMID: 37527275 PMCID: PMC10658866 DOI: 10.1645/23-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
While surveying the parasites of birds associated with western Alabama aquaculture ponds, we collected several specimens of Anativermis normdroneni n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea: Cyclocoelidae) from the nasopharyngeal cavity of a Canada goose, Branta canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Anseriformes: Anatidae). These flukes were heat killed and fixed in neutral buffered formalin for morphology or preserved in 95% ethanol for DNA extraction. Anativermis resembles Morishitium (Witenberg, 1928) by having testes that are spheroid with smooth margins and located in the posterior quarter of the body, an anterior testis that is lateral to the midline and abuts the respective cecum, a posterior testis that is medial (testes diagonal) and abuts the cyclocoel, a genital pore that is immediately postpharyngeal, and a vitellarium that is discontinuous posteriorly. The new genus differs from Morishitium and is unique among all other cyclocoelid genera by having the combination of a body that is broadest in the anterior body half, a posterior body end that is more sharply tapered than the anterior body end, an ovary that nearly abuts the posterior testis, a vitellarium that is asymmetrical and distributes from the area immediately posterior to the cecal bifurcation posteriad to approximately the level of the ovary, and uterine loops extending dorsolateral to the ceca and filling the space between the ceca and the respective body margin for nearly the entire body length. The new genus was recovered as a distinct lineage in separate 28S, 18S, and ITS2 phylogenetic analyses. This is the first report of a cyclocoelid infecting the Canada goose and of a cyclocoelid from Alabama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley R. Dutton
- Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory and Southeastern Cooperative Fish Parasite and Disease Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Stephen A. Bullard
- Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory and Southeastern Cooperative Fish Parasite and Disease Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849
- Department of Zoology, School for Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Anita M. Kelly
- Alabama Fish Farming Center, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Greensboro, Alabama 36744
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Bray RA, Cutmore SC, Cribb TH. Proposal of a new genus, Doorochen (Digenea: Lepocreadioidea), for reef-inhabiting members of the genus Postlepidapedon Zdzitowiecki, 1993. Parasitol Int 2023; 93:102710. [PMID: 36423873 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new genus, Doorochen n. gen., is erected for four species of Postlepidapedon Zdzitowiecki, 1993, all of which inhabit members of the labroid genus Choerodon Bleeker, the tuskfishes, and which molecular phylogenies have indicated are not congeneric with the type-species, P. opisthobifurcatum (Zdzitowiecki, 1990) Zdzitowiecki, 1993. Doorochen secundum (Durio & Manter, 1968) n. comb. from Choerodon graphicus (De Vis), the Graphic tuskfish, from the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and New Caledonia is designated the type-species of the new genus. Other species recognised are Doorochen spissum (Bray, Cribb & Barker, 1997) n. comb. from C. venustus (De Vis), the Venus tuskfish, C. cyanodus (Richardson), the Blue tuskfish, and C. graphicus from the GBR; D. uberis (Bray, Cribb & Barker, 1997) n. comb. from C. schoenleinii (Valenciennes), the Blackspot tuskfish, and C. venustus from the GBR and Moreton Bay; and D. philippinense (Machida, 2004) n. comb. from C. anchorago (Bloch), the Orange-dotted tuskfish, from Philippine waters. In addition to these four species, two new species are described: D. zdzitowieckii n. sp. from C. fasciatus (Günther), the Harlequin tuskfish, and C. graphicus from the GBR; and D. goorchana n. sp. from C. anchorago from the GBR and Palau. The genus Postlepidapedon is now considered to comprise just two species, P. opisthobifurcatum and P. quintum Bray & Cribb, 2001. The relationships of Doorochen, Postlepidapedon, Myzoxenus Manter, 1934 and Intusatrium Durio & Manter, 1968 in the family Lepidapedidae Yamaguti, 1958 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A Bray
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Scott C Cutmore
- Queensland Museum, Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
| | - Thomas H Cribb
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Faltýnková A, Kudlai O, Pantoja C, Jouet D, Skírnisson K. Prey-mimetism in cercariae of Apatemon (Digenea, Strigeidae) in freshwater in northern latitudes. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:815-831. [PMID: 36670312 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cercariae, the free-living larval stages of trematodes, have adopted an amazing variety of transmission strategies. One of them is prey-mimetism, i.e. cercariae mimicking prey to attract motile hosts to be eaten. In a period between 2002 and 2019, we examined small planorbid snails, Bathyomphalus contortus, Gyraulus parvus and Planorbis planorbis from lakes in Finland and Iceland and from the Curonian Lagoon in Lithuania. Cercariae with conspicuously enlarged tails and unusual swimming behaviour, likely mimicking invertebrate prey, were detected and studied by the use of morphological and molecular (cox1, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and 28S rDNA) methods. Cercariae of two species belonging to the genus Apatemon (Strigeidae) were recognised. We consider Apatemon sp. 5 ex P. planorbis from the Curonian Lagoon identical to Cercaria globocaudata U. Szidat, 1940. Cercariae ex G. parvus from Iceland and ex B. contortus from Finland were conspecific, and we named them Apatemon sp. 6; these cercariae could not be associated with any known species. For the first time, we verified that cercariae of the Bulbocauda group belong to the genus Apatemon. We provide a mini-review on records of furcocercariae of the family Strigeidae with enlarged tails reported in freshwaters of the northern hemisphere and reveal that it is not only Apatemon but also Australapatemon and most likely Strigea which belong to the Bulbocauda group, rendering it a purely ecological assemblage. Understanding which invertebrate swimming behaviour these cercariae are mimicking will enhance our knowledge of the processes behind trematode transmission and will help to assess evolutionary pathways of host-finding strategies in trematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Faltýnková
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Kudlai
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Camila Pantoja
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Damien Jouet
- BioSpecT EA7506, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096, Reims Cedex, France
| | - Karl Skírnisson
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute for Experimental Pathology, Keldur, University of Iceland, IS-112, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Hamann MI, Fernández MV, González CE. Larval Digenean Parasitizing Amphibian Hosts from the Argentinian Chaco Region. Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:194-207. [PMID: 36542296 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00650-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The diversity of larval digenetic trematodes can provide information on one or more intermediate hosts prior to maturation into the definitive host; on host activity and distribution; and in some cases, on environmental perturbations. In this context, the goal of the present study was to analyse the trematode larvae found in adult amphibians collected from the Argentinian Chaco Region. Few studies have been reported on the systematics of larval digeneans in amphibians. METHODS A total of 167 specimens of frogs (Leptodactylus macrosternum, Leptodactylus latinasus, Lepidobatrachus laevis, Lepidobatrachus llanensis and Lysapsus limellum) and toads (Rhinella bergi) were examined for larval digeneans. Frogs and toads were collected in two Argentinian ecoregions (Dry Chaco and Humid Chaco); between June 2002 and December 2019. Morphology of each taxon was studied in detail using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS Fourteen different taxa of the families Diplostomidae (Alariinae gen sp., Didelphodiplostomum sp., Pharingostomoides sp. and Tylodelphys sp.), Proterodiplostomidae (Heterodiplostomum lanceolatum), and Strigeidae (Strigea spp.) were found infecting the body cavity, mesentery, muscle, fluid in the spinal cord canal, and cranial cavity of amphibians. All species are described and illustrated, and their life cycles are briefly discussed. CONCLUSION These infections provide new information on the morphology, morphometry, and composition of the diversity of mesocercariae and metacercariae in amphibians, thus contributing to the knowledge of potential intermediate hosts. In addition, our results serve as an indicator of parasite and host biodiversity in different ecoregions of the Gran Chaco.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Hamann
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Ruta 5, Km 2.5, AMD, W 3400, Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - M V Fernández
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Ruta 5, Km 2.5, AMD, W 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - C E González
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Ruta 5, Km 2.5, AMD, W 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
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Moguel-Chin WI, Hernández-Mena DI, Torres-Castro M, Barrientos-Medina RC, Hernández-Betancourt SF, MacSwiney G MC, García-Prieto L, Vidal-Martínez VM, Selem-Salas CI, Panti-May JA. Survey on helminths of bats in the Yucatan Peninsula: infection levels, molecular information and host-parasite networks. Parasitology 2023; 150:172-83. [PMID: 36444644 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182022001627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Helminth species of Neotropical bats are poorly known. In Mexico, few studies have been conducted on helminths of bats, especially in regions such as the Yucatan Peninsula where Chiroptera is the mammalian order with the greatest number of species. In this study, we characterized morphologically and molecularly the helminth species of bats and explored their infection levels and parasite–host interactions in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. One hundred and sixty-three bats (representing 21 species) were captured between 2017 and 2022 in 15 sites throughout the Yucatan Peninsula. Conventional morphological techniques and molecular tools were used with the 28S gene to identify the collected helminths. Host–parasite network analyses were carried out to explore interactions by focusing on the level of host species. Helminths were found in 44 (26.9%) bats of 12 species. Twenty helminth taxa were recorded (7 trematodes, 3 cestodes and 10 nematodes), including 4 new host records for the Americas. Prevalence and mean intensity of infection values ranged from 7.1 to 100% and from 1 to 56, respectively. Molecular analyses confirmed the identity of some helminths at species and genus levels; however, some sequences did not correspond to any of the species available on GenBank. The parasite–host network suggests that most of the helminths recorded in bats were host-specific. The highest helminth richness was found in insectivorous bats. This study increases our knowledge of helminths parasitizing Neotropical bats, adding new records and nucleotide sequences.
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Sitko J, Heneberg P. Long-term study reveals central European aerial insectivores as an unusual group of hosts that harbor mostly helminths that are unable to complete life-cycles in the nesting quarters of their hosts. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:32. [PMID: 36703152 PMCID: PMC9878787 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central European aerial insectivores are long-distance migrants that winter in sub-Saharan Africa. Most of them employ the fly-and-forage migrating strategy and differ in their food composition. The composition and structure of helminth component communities of these hosts are poorly understood, and information regarding seasonality and long-term changes is unavailable. METHODS From 1963 to 2022, we analyzed the population trends of helminths in five aerial insectivore species. Namely, we examined Apus apus, Hirundo rustica, Delichon urbicum, Riparia riparia, and Ficedula albicollis; all originated from the Czech Republic. RESULTS We identified central European aerial insectivores as hosts that are parasitized mostly by helminths that cannot complete their life-cycles in the nesting quarters of their hosts. This phenomenon is unknown in other bird host species. In contrast, only a single dominant trematode species that completes its life-cycle locally colonized the central European aerial insectivores. All other dominant species of Trematoda, all Nematoda, and all Acanthocephala were dependent on intermediate hosts unavailable in the nesting quarters of the examined bird hosts. Surprisingly, these helminths transmitted from winter quarters or migratory routes were diverse, and many of them were abundant in terms of both prevalence and intensity of infection. The helminth component communities of aerial insectivores were dynamic systems. During the study period, three species became new and regularly encountered members of helminth fauna of examined hosts, and other species gradually increased or decreased their intensity of infection. In contrast to other groups of bird hosts, the dominant helminth species of aerial insectivores did not experience local extinctions or rapid population losses. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of helminths of five central European aerial insectivores revealed component communities that heavily rely on completing host-parasite cycles at migration routes or wintering grounds. The composition of the analyzed component communities changed dynamically during the 60-year-long study period, but there was no evidence of large-scale declines in abundance or prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiljí Sitko
- grid.447835.90000 0001 2188 945XMoravian Ornithological Station, Comenius Museum, Prerov, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Heneberg
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XThird Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Belousova YV, Atopkin DM, Vodiasova EA. The first modern morphological description of Cercaria pennata and molecular evidence of its synonymy with Pronoprymna ventricosa in the Black Sea. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e12. [PMID: 36700420 DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X22000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
During the parasitological examination of molluscs Abra segmentum obtained from the Black Sea basin, parthenitae belonging to the family Faustulidae were found. The cercariae were obtained by natural emergence and were studied using differential interference contrast microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Specimens resemble Cercaria pennata ex Tapes rugatus which was described from the Sevastopol area, in the shape and length of the body, tail length, location and shape of internal organs, suckers, pharynx, testicular rudiments, and the number and position of longitudinal lamellae on the tail finlets. To date, there are only limited descriptions of the parthenitae of C. pennata without detailed measurements, thus the taxonomic position of the individuals studied needs thorough revision and molecular verification. According to the molecular analyses, C. pennata was identical to that of published sequences of Pronoprymna ventricosa.
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Lee J. Planarians to schistosomes: an overview of flatworm cell-types and regulators. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e7. [PMID: 36644809 DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X22000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains a major neglected tropical disease that afflicts over 200 million people globally. Schistosomes, the aetiological agent of schistosomiasis, are parasitic flatworms that propagate between molluscan and mammalian hosts. Inside the mammalian host, schistosomes rapidly grow over 100-fold in size and develop into a sexually mature male or female that thrives in the bloodstream for several decades. Recent work has identified schistosome stem cells as the source that drives parasite transmission, reproduction and longevity. Moreover, studies have begun to uncover molecular programmes deployed by stem cells that are essential for tissue development and maintenance, parasite survival and immune evasion. Such programmes are reminiscent of neoblast-driven development and regeneration of planarians, the free-living flatworm relative of schistosomes. Over the last few decades, research in planarians has employed modern functional genomic tools that significantly enhanced our understanding of stem cell-driven animal development and regeneration. In this review, we take a broad stroke overview of major flatworm organ systems at the cellular and molecular levels. We summarize recent advances on genetic regulators that play critical roles in differentiation and maintenance of flatworm cell types. Finally, we provide perspectives on how investigation of basic parasite biology is critical to discovering new approaches to battle schistosomiasis.
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Metz DCG, Turner AV, Nelson AP, Hechinger RF. Potential for Emergence of Foodborne Trematodiases Transmitted by an Introduced Snail (Melanoides tuberculata) in California and Elsewhere in the United States. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:183-192. [PMID: 36214840 PMCID: PMC10202430 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We document that 3 human-infectious trematodes and their introduced first intermediate host snail (Melanoides tuberculata) are widespread throughout southern California. We surveyed 41 fishing localities, 19 of which harbored snails infected with zoonotic trematodes. Two of the parasites, Haplorchis pumilio and Centrocestus formosanus, are fishborne intestinal trematodes recognized as being important human pathogens in other areas of the world; the third, Philophthalmus gralli, can infect the human eye. An additional 5 species detected infecting M. tuberculata are likely of little direct threat to people; however, they may be recently introduced to the Americas, highlighting the risk that additional pathogenic trematodes transmitted by the snail in its native range could be introduced to the United States. The current, possible human-infection risk in California clarifies the need to consider the introduced snail and its parasites from a public health perspective anywhere in the United States the snail has been introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C G Metz
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew V Turner
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alexandria P Nelson
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ryan F Hechinger
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Keeney DB, Cobb SA, Jadin RC, Orlofske SA. Atypical life cycle does not lead to inbreeding or selfing in parasites despite clonemate accumulation in intermediate hosts. Mol Ecol 2022; 32:1777-1790. [PMID: 36579456 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many parasites utilize asexual and sexual reproduction and multiple hosts to complete their life cycles. How these taxa avoid inbreeding is an essential question for understanding parasite evolution and ecology. Aquatic trematodes that require multiple host species may benefit from diverse genetic parasite assemblages accumulating within second intermediate hosts prior to sexual reproduction in definitive hosts. However, Cotylurus species are able to utilize the same snail species as first and second intermediate hosts, potentially resulting in the accumulation of genetically identical clones (clonemates) prior to sexual reproduction. In this study, we developed and analysed novel microsatellite loci to determine if clones are accumulating within snail hosts prior to ingestion by bird hosts and the effects this could have on parasite inbreeding. Contrary to previous studies of aquatic trematodes, significantly large numbers of clonemates were present within snails, but full-sibs were not. Genetic structure was present over a relatively small geographical scale despite the use of vagile definitive hosts. Phylogenetic analysis identified the Cotylurus sp. clones as belonging to a single species. Despite the presence of clones within snails, mating between clones/selfing was not common and heterozygosity is maintained within individuals. Potential issues with clones mating may be mitigated by the presence of snails with numerous clones, the consumption of many snails by bird hosts and parasite clone recognition/avoidance. Use of the same host species for multiple life stages may have advantages when parasites are able to avoid inbreeding and the required hosts are common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon B Keeney
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Sarah A Cobb
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Robert C Jadin
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biology, Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point, Stevens Point, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sarah A Orlofske
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biology, Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point, Stevens Point, Wisconsin, USA
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Mordvinov V, Pakharukova M. Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzymes in Trematodes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123039. [PMID: 36551794 PMCID: PMC9775572 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Trematode infections occur worldwide causing considerable deterioration of human health and placing a substantial financial burden on the livestock industry. The hundreds of millions of people afflicted with trematode infections rely entirely on only two drugs (praziquantel and triclabendazole) for treatment. An understanding of anthelmintic biotransformation pathways in parasites should clarify factors that can modulate therapeutic potency of anthelmintics currently in use and may lead to the discovery of synergistic compounds for combination treatments. Despite the pronounced epidemiological significance of trematodes, there is still no adequate understanding of the functionality of their metabolic systems, including xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. The review is focused on the structure and functional significance of the xenobiotic-metabolizing system in trematodes. Knowledge in this field can solve practical problems related to the search for new targets for antiparasitic therapy based on a focused action on certain elements of the parasite's metabolic system. Knowledge of the functionality of this system is required to understand the adaptation of the biochemical processes of parasites residing in the host and mechanisms of drug resistance development, as well as to select a promising molecular target for the discovery and development of new anthelmintic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viatcheslav Mordvinov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 10 Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Maria Pakharukova
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 10 Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(913)-394-6669
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Krupenko D, Kremnev G, Gonchar A, Uryadova A, Miroliubov A, Krapivin V, Skobkina O, Gubler A, Knyazeva O. Species complexes and life cycles of digenetic trematodes from the family Derogenidae. Parasitology 2022; 149:1590-1606. [PMID: 35968696 PMCID: PMC11077523 DOI: 10.1017/s003118202200110x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The best way to study digenean diversity combines molecular genetic methods, life-cycle studies and elaborate morphological descriptions. This approach has been barely used for one of the most widespread digenean taxa parasitizing fish – the superfamily Hemiuroidea. Here, we applied the integrative approach to the hemiuroideans from the family Derogenidae parasitizing fish at the White and Barents Seas. Analysis of 28S, 18S, 5.8S rDNA, ITS2 and cox1 gene sequences from sexually adult worms (maritae) showed genetic heterogeneity for 2 derogenid species known from this area: Derogenes varicus and Progonus muelleri. Thus, 2 pairs of genetic lineages were found: DV1 and DV2, PM1 and PM2, respectively. Data from other regions indicate that 2 more lineages of D. varicus probably exist. Based on previous records from the White and Barents Seas, we hypothesized that the cercariae found in the moonsnails (family Naticidae) belong to the Derogenidae and may help to differentiate these lineages as species. According to our results, Cercaria appendiculata from Cryptonatica affinis matched DV1, similar nameless cercariae from Euspira pallida and Amauropsis islandica matched DV2, and Cercaria octocauda from C. affinis matched PM1. We provide new data on the structure of these cercariae and discuss the life-cycle pattern of the studied digeneans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Krupenko
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Georgii Kremnev
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Gonchar
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandra Uryadova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksei Miroliubov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Krapivin
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Skobkina
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Arseniy Gubler
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Knyazeva
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Sousa DERD, Castro MBD. Pancreatic eurytrematosis in small ruminants: A forgotten disease or an untold history? Vet Parasitol 2022; 311:109794. [PMID: 36087515 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Trematodiosis are among the most neglected parasitic diseases worldwide. The pancreatic eurytrematosis (PE) is a chronic parasitic infection mostly reported in cattle but has been unnoticed in small ruminants for many decades. Our review showed PE has been recorded as scattered regional reports in goats and sheep, mainly in Asia and Eastern Europe. Eurytrema coelomaticum, Eurytrema cladorchis, and Eurytrema pancreaticum have been the main pathogenic species infecting pancreatic ducts of small ruminants. Climatic, environmental, and regional conditions in both hemispheres may support the survival and feasibility of intermediate hosts and parasitic forms, enabling the emergence and spread of PE in small ruminants. As a primarily asymptomatic condition, PE in goats and sheep flocks may also have a high prevalence, causing severe parasitic pancreatitis, production losses, and death. There is little information on anthelmintic therapeutics for PE in small ruminants, and most used anti-fluke drugs are ineffective. PE is likely more unnoticed than a neglected trematodiosis in goats and sheep, or both from a global perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Márcio Botelho de Castro
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70636-200, Brazil.
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Jia TW, Wang W, Zhou YB, Zhou J, Mei ZQ, Li SZ. [Taxonomic rank of human parasites]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2022; 34:420-428. [PMID: 36116936 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2021202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological category is effective to indicate the evolution of organism populations between past and present. Conventional taxonomy of human parasites mainly depends on important morphological features, which suffers from a problem of categorizing related-genera species with similar morphological characteristics. With recent advances in molecular biological technologies, the effective applications of mitochondrial and ribosomal biomarkers and sequencing greatly improve the development of the taxonomic rank of human parasites. Worldwide, the classification of human parasites have been continuously revised and improved. Hereby, we re-categorize parasitic Protozoa, Trematoda, Cestoda and Nematoda, so as to provide insights into the researches on molecular systematics and genetic evolution of human parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Jia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- Co-first authors
| | - W Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory on Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214064, China
- Co-first authors
| | - Y B Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Tropical Disease Research Center, China
| | - J Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, China
| | - Z Q Mei
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - S Z Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
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Vélez-Sampedro V, Uruburu M, Lenis C. Morphological, molecular, and life cycle study of a new species of Oligogonotylus Watson, 1976 (Digenea, Cryptogonimidae) from Colombia. Zookeys 2022; 1115:169-186. [PMID: 36761075 PMCID: PMC9848881 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1115.75538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes Oligogonotylusandinus sp. nov. and its life cycle from a rural fish farm in Sopetrán, Antioquia, Colombia. The endemic species of snail Aroapyrguscolombiensis and the fishes Poeciliacaucana and Andinoacaralatifrons are identified as the first intermediate host, the second intermediate host and the definitive host, respectively. The new species was defined through an integrative approach, combining the traditional morphology of its developmental stages with molecular analyses of the markers ITS2 from ribosomal DNA and COI from mitochondrial DNA. This new species can be distinguished from its congeners by genetic divergence, the position of the vitelline fields, and the number of gonotyls. This work represents the first report of a species of this genus in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Vélez-Sampedro
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 62 No. 52-59, CP 050010, Medellín, Antioquia, ColombiaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad EAFIT, Carrera 49 No. 7 sur 50, Medellín, Antioquia, ColombiaUniversidad EAFITMedellínColombia
| | - Mónica Uruburu
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 62 No. 52-59, CP 050010, Medellín, Antioquia, ColombiaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Carolina Lenis
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 62 No. 52-59, CP 050010, Medellín, Antioquia, ColombiaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
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Hernández-Mena DI, Cabañas-Granillo J, Medina-Hernández E, Pérez-Ponce de León G. Discovery of a new species of Homalometron Stafford, 1904 (Digenea: Apocreadiidae) from the stripped mojarra, Eugerres plumieri in a coastal lagoon of the Gulf of Mexico. J Helminthol 2022; 96:e46. [PMID: 35815391 DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X22000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To date, 34 species of the genus Homalometron (Apocreadiidae) have been described; five of them in Mexican fresh or brackish water fish, whereas five have been reported as parasites of members of the fish family Gerreidae. While sampling wildlife vertebrates during a field course of parasitology at the Los Tuxtlas Biological Station (Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) in Veracruz, specimens of digeneans were collected from the intestine of the stripped mojarra, Eugerres plumeri in Sontecomapan Lagoon. Specimens were studied morphologically and molecularly, and we discovered that they represented a new species of Homalometron. The new species is morphologically like the other four congeners in having three pairs of well-developed oral papillae on the oral sucker: Homalometron elongatum; Homalometron lesliorum; Homalometron carapavae; and Homalometron papilliferum. Here, we describe the newly discovered species, increasing our understanding about the parasite diversity of brackish water fishes of Mexico.
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Vainutis KS, Voronova AN, Duscher GG, Shchelkanov EM, Shchelkanov MY. Origins, phylogenetic relationships and host-parasite interactions of Troglotrematoidea since the cretaceous. Infect Genet Evol 2022; 101:105274. [PMID: 35337967 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we raise the issue concerning origins and historical relationships of the trematodes from the families Troglotrematidae and Paragonimidae using phylogenetic analysis and molecular-clock method for estimating evolutionary rates. For the first time we provided 28S rRNA gene fragment (1764 bp) for the type species Troglotrema acutum - zoonotic trematodes that cause cranial lesions (troglotremiasis) in mustelid and canid mammals of the Central Europe, Iberian Peninsula, and North-West Caucasus. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that T. acutum belongs to the monophyletic family Troglotrematidae sister with the family Paragonimidae. The family Troglotrematidae includes five genera: Nanophyetus, Troglotrema, Skrjabinophyetus, Nephrotrema, and Macroorchis; and the family Paragonimidae is monotypic including the only genus Paragonimus. We recover the superfamily Troglotrematoidea for these two families. Divergence of the common ancestor of the superfamily Troglotrematoidea (common troglotrematoid ancestor) likely occurred during the Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic Era and potentially originated in the Asiatic region. The lineage of the family Troglotrematidae is much closer to the common troglotrematoid ancestor than the species of the family Paragonimidae. The radiation time of the common troglotrematoid ancestor (126 Ma, the Early Cretaceous), and formation of the families Troglotrematidae and Paragonimidae (96 Ma and 73 Ma respectively, the Late Cretaceous) corresponds to the time of settling in East Asia by many species of mammaliaforms (about 130-70 Ma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin S Vainutis
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 1 Selskaya Street, 690087 Vladivostok, Russian Federation; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Anastasia N Voronova
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 1 Selskaya Street, 690087 Vladivostok, Russian Federation; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Georg G Duscher
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; AGES-Austrian Agency for Health & Food Safety, Robert-Koch-Gasse 17, A-2340 Moedling, Austria.
| | - Egor M Shchelkanov
- Moscow Region State University, Moscow Region, Radio street, 10/1, Moscow 105005, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu Shchelkanov
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 1 Selskaya Street, 690087 Vladivostok, Russian Federation; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia; Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the RAS, pr. 100-letija, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
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Barton DP, Zhu X, Nuhoglu A, Pearce L, McLellan M, Shamsi S. Parasites of Selected Freshwater Snails in the Eastern Murray Darling Basin, Australia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:7236. [PMID: 35742485 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic snails serve an important role in the ecosystem. They also play an essential role in the life cycle of many parasites as hosts and may pose risks to animal and human health. In Australia, the role of snails in the transmission of parasites of livestock is well studied. However, despite the country’s unique biodiversity and wildlife, little is known about the role of snails in the transmission and survival of parasites in other ecosystems, including aquatic and aquaculture systems. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of parasites in freshwater snails in the eastern Murray Darling Basin. A total of 275 snails were collected from various localities, including aquaculture fishery ponds and natural creeks during the summer and autumn months in the southern hemisphere. Three different species of freshwater snails, all common to the area, were found, including Bullastra lessoni (n = 11), Isidorella hainesii (n = 157), and Haitia acuta (n = 107), of which 9.1%, 1.3%, and 4.7%, respectively, were found to be harboring various developmental stages of Trematoda. No other parasite was found in the examined snails. Parasites were identified as Choanocotyle hobbsi, Plagiorchis sp. and Petasiger sp. based on the sequences of their ITS2, 18S, and 28S ribosomal DNA region. Herein, we report a native parasite Choanocotyle hobbsi in an introduced snail, Haitia acuta, from both natural and aquaculture ponds. As there are no genetic sequences for adult specimens of Petasiger spp. and Plagiorchis spp. collected in Australia for comparison, whether the specimens collected in this study are the larval stage of one of the previously described species or are a new, undescribed species cannot yet be determined. Our results also suggest snails collected from aquaculture ponds may be infected with considerably more parasites.
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Kirillova NY, Shchenkov SV, Kirillov AA, Ruchin AB. Trematodes of Genera Gyrabascus and Parabascus from Bats in European Russia: Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:878. [PMID: 35741399 PMCID: PMC9219772 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Morphological variability of trematodes from bats (Chiroptera) is poorly studied. Since the variability of adult digenean specimens may be rather high, morphological features are often insufficient for the identification of closely related species, and confirmation with the use of molecular data is required. The aim of our study was to combine the morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of several bat trematodes from the genera Gyrabascus and Parabascus (Pleurogenidae): Gyrabascus amphoraeformis, Gyrabascus oppositus, Parabascus lepidotus, Parabascus duboisi, and Parabascus semisquamosus, of which G. amphoraeformis and G. oppositus are little known in European Russia. We made detailed morphological descriptions of these trematodes from several definitive hosts, analyzed morphometric features, and generated new partial sequences of the 28S rRNA gene. A broad variability of trematodes of the genera Gyrabascus and Parabascus was revealed both from various host species and from specimens of the same host species. We propose a new taxonomic key for the identification of the studied species. Certain host specificity of these trematodes was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Yu. Kirillova
- Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin RAS, Togliatti 445003, Russia; (N.Y.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Sergei V. Shchenkov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia;
| | - Alexander A. Kirillov
- Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin RAS, Togliatti 445003, Russia; (N.Y.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexander B. Ruchin
- Joint Directorate of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, National Park “Smolny”, Saransk 430005, Russia
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de Sousa Machado HT, de Oliveira SS, Benício RA, de Castro Araújo K, Ávila RW. Helminths Infecting Sympatric Congeneric Treefrogs in Northeastern Brazil. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:658-67. [PMID: 35000112 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to describe the helminth fauna associated with two sympatric congeneric treefrogs species (Boana multifasciata and Boana raniceps) from a highland marsh in northeastern Brazil. In addition, we investigate the body size influence on parasitological descriptors in these treefrogs, in which we expected that larger frogs would have greater abundance and richness helminths too, and no differences with respect to helminth composition once both hosts are exposed to similar environmental conditions. METHODS We collected anurans during the rainy season from 11 January to 09 February 2019, using visual and auditory searches in breeding environments. We analysed the presence of ectoparasites under an epidermis, oral cavity, and endoparasites present in the organs. Using a Linear mixed-effects model we tested the relationship between the host body size (length and weight) and helminths abundance and richness. In addition, we used the ANOSIM R test to investigate the differences between the hosts with respect to helminth composition. RESULTS We recorded 37 individuals (15 specimens of B. multifasciata and 22 of B. raniceps), in which 89.1% of them were infected by at least one helminth species. We found 355 helminths from 12 taxa parasitizing the two treefrogs, but just three parasite taxa were common to both species. All identified helminth species found in B. multifasciata are new records and four are new records for B. raniceps. In addition, we present the first record of Cosmocerca paraguayensis in Brazil. We found no support for the hypothesis that larger frogs tend to be more parasitized, at least for congeneric species, and sympatric hosts species have similar helminth composition. We also present a compilation of helminths occurring in treefrogs belonging to the Boana genus in South American, increasing our knowledge of the parasitic diversity of Neotropical anurans. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a lack of knowledge about helminth fauna associated with amphibians even for common and widely distributed species, such as Boana spp., and demonstrate the need to deepen our knowledge about host parasitic relationships, especially in the Neotropical region.
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Heneberg P, Casero M. Recent large-scale philophthalmosis outbreak in Portugal: inefficacy of common antihelminthic agents. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:167. [PMID: 35551666 PMCID: PMC9097061 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitic conjunctivitis caused by Philophthalmus spp. is a common ophthalmic disease in birds, with localized outbreaks occurring worldwide. There is no consensus on treating this disease; mechanical removal is considered a standard recommendation, but is associated with disease relapses within days or weeks. METHODS From 2015 to 2020, we examined 4295 Larus michahellis and Larus fuscus gulls in southern Portugal for the presence of Philophthalmus spp. Due to the need to treat dozens of infected gulls in the rescue station, we tested three treatment regimens aimed at targeting Philophthalmus lucipetus in the infected gulls: (I) the ophthalmic application of levamisole; (II) the oral application of milbemycin in combination with praziquantel; and (III) the subcutaneous application of ivermectin. RESULTS The outbreak of philophthalmosis in gulls in southern Portugal has been ongoing since the first cases were reported in 2015-2016. The prevalence of philophthalmosis has fluctuated annually, peaking a maximum of 10.3% in L. fuscus in 2017 and at 2.1% in L. michahellis in 2016. The infection intensity peaked at a median of 11.5 eye-flukes per host bird in L. fuscus in 2016 and a median of six eye-flukes per host bird in L. michahellis in 2017. Nine gulls were infected with >50 eye-flukes. None of the treatment options were effective at treating P. lucipetus infections: the numbers of eye-flukes in the infected birds did not decrease, and the clinical signs of the disease did not change. CONCLUSIONS An outbreak of philophthalmosis in southern Portugal has massively affected two species of gulls in the region. Two previously suggested philophthalmosis treatments (ocular levamisole and praziquantel given orally), as well as a third mode of treatment with a previously failed compound (ivermectin administered subcutaneously) were used. However, the treatments did not affect the numbers of P. lucipetus in the eyes of the treated gulls. Further research should address ophthalmic gel formulations or sub-conjunctival delivery mode for antihelminthic drugs that are effective against Philophthalmus spp. in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Heneberg
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - María Casero
- Wildlife Rehabilitation and Research Center of Ria Formosa (RIAS), Ria Formosa Natural Park, Olhão, Portugal
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Sereno-Uribe AL, González-García MT, Ortega-Olivares MP, López-Jiménez A, García-Varela M, Andrade-Gómez L. First record of Patagifer bilobus (Rudolphi, 1819) Dietz, 1909 (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), with a morphological and molecular characterization from two threskiornithid species in Mexico. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:1921-1935. [PMID: 35488923 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Patagifer Dietz, 1909 is a small genus of echinostomatids, with 12 recognized species, mostly parasitising threskiornithid birds, distributed worldwide. In the current research, adult specimens of the type species, Patagifer bilobus (Rudolphi, 1819) Dietz, 1909 from the white faced ibis (Plegadis chihi) and white ibis (Eudocimus albus) were re-described, providing new metrical data for the number of head collar spines. Those specimens were recorded from eight localities in Mexico and compared morphologically with specimens previously identified as Patagifer lamothei. A total of 19 specimens identified as P. bilobus including two hologenophores were sequenced with three molecular markers: domains D1-D3 of the large subunit (LSU), the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1, ITS2) plus 5.8S from the nuclear rDNA, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) from mitochondrial DNA. The new sequences were aligned with other sequences of Patagifer spp., downloaded from GenBank. Phylogenetic trees inferred from each data set, placed all the specimens in a clade, confirming that the isolates belonged to the same species. The morphological examination of specimens previously identified as P. lamothei by Ortega-Olivares MP, Hernández-Mena DI, Pérez-Ponce de León G, García-Varela M (2011) Helminths of the white ibis, Eudocimus albus (Aves Therskiornithidae) in Mexico. (Zootaxa 3088, 15-26. 10.11646/zootaxa.3088.1.2) and in combination with molecular data confirms that those specimens should be reassigned to P. bilobus. In addition, this is the first study in P. bilobus using an integrative taxonomy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lucia Sereno-Uribe
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Marcelo Tonatiuh González-García
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, CP, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mirza Patricia Ortega-Olivares
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Alejandra López-Jiménez
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, CP, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martín García-Varela
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Andrade-Gómez
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, CP, Mexico.
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Cribb TH, Bray RA, Justine JL, Reimer J, Sasal P, Shirakashi S, Cutmore SC. A world of taxonomic pain: cryptic species, inexplicable host-specificity, and host-induced morphological variation among species of Bivesicula Yamaguti, 1934 ( Trematoda: Bivesiculidae) from Indo-Pacific Holocentridae, Muraenidae and Serranidae. Parasitology 2022; 149:1-23. [PMID: 35357289 PMCID: PMC10090613 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The taxonomy of species of Bivesicula Yamaguti, 1934 is analysed for samples from holocentrid, muraenid and serranid fishes from Japan, Ningaloo Reef (Western Australia), the Great Barrier Reef (Queensland), New Caledonia and French Polynesia. Analysis of three genetic markers (cox1 mtDNA, ITS2 and 28S rDNA) identifies three strongly supported clades of species and suggests that Bivesicula as presently recognized is not monophyletic. On the basis of combined morphological, molecular and biological data, 10 species are distinguished of which five are proposed as new. Bivesicula Clade 1 comprises seven species of which three are effectively morphologically cryptic relative to each other; all seven infect serranids and four also infect holocentrids. Bivesicula Clade 2 comprises three species of which two are effectively morphologically cryptic relative to each other; all three infect serranids and one also infects a muraenid. Bivesicula Clade 3 comprises two known species from apogonids and a pomacentrid, and forms a clade with species of Paucivitellosus Coil, Reid & Kuntz, 1965 to the exclusion of other Bivesicula species. Taxonomy in this genus is made challenging by the combination of low resolving power of ribosomal markers, the existence of regional cox1 mtDNA populations, exceptional and unpredictable host-specificity and geographical distribution, and significant host-induced morphological variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Cribb
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland4072, Australia
| | - Rodney A. Bray
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, LondonSW7 5BD, UK
| | - Jean-Lou Justine
- ISYEB, Institut de Systématique Évolution Biodiversité, UMR7205 MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, UPMC, Université des Antilles, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 Rue Cuvier, 75005Paris, France
| | - James Reimer
- Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa903-0213, Japan
| | - Pierre Sasal
- CRIOBE, USR3278-EPHE/CNRS/UPVD/PSL, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860Perpignan, France
| | - Sho Shirakashi
- Aquaculture Research Institute, Kindai University, Shirahama 3153, Wakayama649-2211, Japan
| | - Scott C. Cutmore
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland4072, Australia
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Tsuchida K, Rauque C, Viozzi G, Flores V, Urabe M. First report of post-cyclic transmission in trematodes: Derogenes lacustris (Digenea: Hemiuroidea) in Patagonian freshwater fishes. Parasitology 2022; 149:234-238. [PMID: 35234596 PMCID: PMC11010469 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The transmission of adult parasites from prey to predatory hosts has been demonstrated for some acanthocephalan and one cestode species. Derogenes lacustris (Digenea: Hemiuroidea: Derogenidae) is a generalist parasite that infects, as an adult, the stomach of native and introduced freshwater fishes in Andean Patagonia. In the present work, the post-cyclic transmission of D. lacustris from native Galaxias maculatus (Galaxiidae) to introduced Oncorhynchus mykiss (Salmonidae) was proved experimentally. The observed transmission rate for this experimental infection was 19%. The body length of D. lacustris on day 14 post-infection was significantly greater than before transmission. The number of eggs also increased significantly after transmission, showing that D. lacustris can survive, grow and continue with egg production for at least 2 weeks in predatory salmonids. This study provides the first experimental evidence of post-cyclic transmission of trematodes and the results suggest that post-cyclic parasitism enables this species to broaden its range of hosts and distribution ranges in Argentinean Patagonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Tsuchida
- Division of Environmental Dynamics, Graduate School of Environmental Sciences, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga522-8533, Japan
| | - Carlos Rauque
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, INIBIOMA (CONICET-Univ. Nac. del Comahue), Quintral 1250, (8400) San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Viozzi
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, INIBIOMA (CONICET-Univ. Nac. del Comahue), Quintral 1250, (8400) San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Verónica Flores
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, INIBIOMA (CONICET-Univ. Nac. del Comahue), Quintral 1250, (8400) San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Misako Urabe
- Department of Ecosystem Studies, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga522-8533, Japan
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Shchenkov SV, Sokolov SG, Denisova SA. Phylogenetic position of Atriophallophorus minutus ( Trematoda: Microphallidae), the type-species of the genus Atriophallophorus Deblock & Rosé, 1964, based on partial 28S rDNA gene sequence. Parasitol Int 2021; 87:102534. [PMID: 34971813 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We found metacercariae of a microphallid trematode Atriophallophorus minutus in freshwater snails Bithynia tentaculata. In this study, we provide a morphological description of whole-mount specimens and semi-thin sections of experimentally grown adults of this species. Our morphological examination supports the idea that the adults of Atriophallophorus spp. have a ventral sucker with a sinistral interruption of the outer edge. In the 28S rDNA gene-based phylogenetic analyses, our specimens of A. minutus were grouped into Atriophallophorus spp. clade, as a sister taxon to Atriophallophorus winterbourni + Atriophallophorus sp. Analysis of the pairwise genetic distances between coI mtDNA gene sequences revealed a low divergence between the two specimens of A. minutus (1.1%) and a greater divergence (up to 16.6%) between them and A. winterbourni. Since other Atriophallophorus spp. are known to have a strict specificity to the polyvalent intermediate host, we suggest that A. minutus reported from different snail species may represent a complex of cryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Shchenkov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya embankment, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Sergey G Sokolov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, 33 Leninskiy prospect, 119071 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre of the RAS, 11 Pushkinskaya Street, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Sofia A Denisova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya embankment, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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da Fonseca CF, Rojas NJJT, Vieira FM, Dos Santos Ferreira AP, da Silva Rodrigues M, de Barros MEG, da Silva Júnior VA, de Moura GJB, de Oliveira JB. Helminth fauna and histopathology associated with parasitic infections in Phrynops geoffroanus (Schweigger, 1812) (Testudines, Chelidae) in a Brazilian river subjected to anthropogenic activities. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2021; 26:100639. [PMID: 34879950 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the structure of the helminth fauna and identify the macroscopic and histopathological alterations associated with parasitic infections in Phrynops geoffroanus. Freshwater turtles of both sexes were captured during the dry and rainy seasons in four municipalities along the Capibaribe River. The study included 63 animals, of which 79.37% (50/63) were parasitized by one or more helminths. In total, 933 helminths of seven taxa were recovered: Serpinema monospiculatus, Spiroxys figueiredoi, Nematophila grandis, Polystomoides brasiliensis, Cheloniodiplostomum testudinis, Telorchis birabeni, and Prionosomoides scalaris. Monogeneans and digenetic trematodes were more sensitive to environmental pressures, since the prevalences varied significantly between areas. Nematodes proved to be more resistant to environmental pressure and caused severe injuries to their hosts: nodules in the stomach and small intestine, adhesions in the liver capsule, and pulmonary emphysema. Parasitic granulomas were recorded at the infection sites and in the lungs and liver, the latter caused by migration of S. figueiredoi larvae. This is the first record of P. brasiliensis, N. grandis, C. testudinis, and T. birabeni parasitizing P. geoffroanus in the state of Pernambuco. Histopathology proved to be an important tool for studies on the impact of parasites at the individual, population, and ecosystem levels. Considering the use of the Capibaribe River for public water supply, fishing, and other activities, within the One Health perspective, this study demonstrates that the anthropogenic impact affects parasites and their hosts, in addition to the human population that uses this ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Farias da Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal Tropical (PPGCAT), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratório de Parasitologia (LAPAR), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), Avenida 17 de agosto 1057, 52060-590 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Nicolás Jonathan Jesús Tarmeño Rojas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal Tropical (PPGCAT), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Matos Vieira
- Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dos Santos Ferreira
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Midiã da Silva Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal Tropical (PPGCAT), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratório de Estudos Herpetológicos e Paleoherpetológicos (LEHP), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maria Edna Gomes de Barros
- Laboratório de Histologia, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Valdemiro Amaro da Silva Júnior
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratório de Histologia, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal Tropical (PPGCAT), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratório de Estudos Herpetológicos e Paleoherpetológicos (LEHP), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal (PPGBA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade (PPGBio), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Bianque de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal Tropical (PPGCAT), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratório de Parasitologia (LAPAR), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal (PPGBA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade (PPGBio), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Programa de Educação Tutorial Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas (PET Biologia), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Chrisanfova G, Mozharovskaya L, Zhukova T, Nefedova D, Semyenova S. Non-coding Regions of Mitochondrial DNA and the cox1 Gene Reveal Genetic Variability Among Local Belarusian Populations of the Causative Agent of Cercarial Dermatitis, Bird Schistosome Trichobilharzia szidati (Digenea: Schistosomatidae). Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:1193-1203. [PMID: 33860433 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cercariae of avian blood flukes Trichobilharzia szidati (Digenea, Schistosomatidae) are known to cause cercarial allergic dermatitis ("swimmer's itch") in humans. Global epidemics can have significant impacts on local tourism-related economies in recreational areas. Little is known about the genetic polymorphism of the parasite population, or about the variability of the non-coding regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the possibility of using this as a genetic marker. MATERIALS AND METHODS The T. szidati cercariae were collected over 7 years from 33 naturally infected Lymnaea stagnalis snails from five sites at two neighboring lakes in Belarus. We investigated the variability of the short (SNR) and long (LNR) non-coding regions of mt DNA and the genetic diversity within the 1125-bp sequences of the gene for subunit 1 of cytochrome c oxidase (cox1). RESULTS In the SNR sequences, we found only length variability caused by changes in the number of bases in the mononucleotide tracts T6-T8. LNR demonstrates high variability in nucleotide sequence length (182-260 bp) depending on the presence of two long deletions of 59 and 78 nucleotides. Both mitochondrial loci (LNR and cox1) are characterized by high haplotype diversity (H = 0.922 and H = 1.0, respectively); the nucleotide diversity is significantly higher for LNR (π = 1.926 ± 0.443) compared to cox1 (π = 0.704 ± 0.059). Phylogenetic reconstructions based on the variability of each of the loci (LNR and cox1) and their concatenated sequences revealed their shallow structure and the absence of a correlation between the distribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and the geographic origin of parasites from two Belarusian lakes. We identified at last four weakly sublineages in the phylogenetic pattern of T. szidati. The carriers of each deletion have specific patterns for each of the two loci and form their own phylogeographic sublineages. An association between two fixed LNR substitutions and a fixed non-synonymous substitution in cox1 was found in four representatives of one lineage that had a short deletion in the LNR. CONCLUSIONS This study clarified the phylogeographic structure of the Belarusian population of T. szidati. Our data provide the basis for the use two mt markers in large-scale population studies of the parasite, as well as for studying the molecular evolution of coding and non-coding mtDNA in trematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Chrisanfova
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Mozharovskaya
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Zhukova
- Naroch Biological Station Named After G. G. Vinberg, Belarusian State University, Myadel District, Minsk Region, Belarus
| | - Darya Nefedova
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Seraphima Semyenova
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Chaudhary A, Singh K, Sharma B, Singh HS. Description of the Metacercaria of Cardiocephaloides sp. (Digenea, Diplostomoidea), Newly Recorded from the Brain of Gangetic Leaffish (Nandus nandus) and Its Genetic Characterization in India. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:1597-1604. [PMID: 34118023 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiocephaloides comprises strigeid trematodes that represent a small genus. In this study, metacercaria identified as Cardiocephaloides sp. was collected from the Gangetic leaffish Nandus nandus from the Ganga River at Bairaj, Bijnor (29º01'N, 77º45'E) in the state of Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India. Partial DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and 28S gene of nuclear ribosomal DNA were generated and compared with available sequences of Cardiocephaloides species from Genbank database. METHODS Encysted metacercariae of Cardiocephaloides sp. were collected from Nandus nandus were processed, identified and documented using morphological methods. The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 cluster and 28S gene of ribosomal DNA of metacercariae were also sequenced and used for phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS The infections of brain parasites are poorly understood in India and if studies are available, they are not properly described. During this study, the species collected were found belongs to the genus Cardiocephaloides. Metacercariae of Cardiocephaloides sp. is distinguished morphologically from others that also harbor brain by the presence of having an egg shape cyst and body elongate oval in shape with well-developed anterior part. The metacercariae are identified by matching of molecular sequence data and is compared to other species of Strigeidae. CONCLUSION This is the first record of metacercaria of Cardiocephaloides sp. from India. This molecular data from the present study will provide future comparative insights into species of Cardiocephaloides and its close affiliation to other congeners from different geographical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Chaudhary
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, UP, India.
| | - Komal Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, UP, India
| | - Bindu Sharma
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, UP, India
| | - Hridaya S Singh
- Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, UP, India
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Kuzmina TA, Salganskij OO, Dykyy IV, Lisitsyna OI, Korol EM, Faltýnková A, Kuzmin YI. Helminths of the Antarctic dragonfish, Parachaenichthys charcoti (Perciformes, Notothenioidei, Bathydraconidae) Studied near Galindez Island (Argentine Islands, West Antarctica). Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:1424-1430. [PMID: 34021877 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Antarctic dragonfish, Parachaenichthys charcoti is a notothenioid teleost fish endemic to the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica. It is a relatively rare fish species; therefore, published data on the parasite communities of P. charcoti are limited. The present study was performed on the Ukrainian Antarctic Station "Akademik Vernadsky", Argentine Islands, West Antarctica and the purpose was to examine the species diversity of the parasites of P. charcoti and to identify the parameters of helminth infection and helminth component community. METHODS Fifteen specimens of P. charcoti were caught at a depth of 10-30 m and examined using standard parasitological techniques. All helminths (6251 specimens) were collected manually, fixed in 70% ethanol and identified based on their morphology. RESULTS All examined specimens of P. charcoti were found to be infected with helminths; each fish harboured 10-20 helminth species (mean 13.2; median 13) and 237-804 helminth specimens (mean 417; median 401). Twenty-seven helminth species were found, including nine species of trematodes, 4 of cestodes, 4 of nematodes and 10 of acanthocephalans. P. charcoti is the definitive host for 11 out of 27 helminth species recorded. In the helminth component community, the diversity indices were 2.03 (Shannon's index) and 0.79 (Simpson's index); Pielou evenness index was 0.61, and Berger-Parker dominance index was 0.38. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a high species diversity and complex structure of the helminth community in Antarctic dragonfish P. charcoti in the Argentine Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana A Kuzmina
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine, 15, Bogdan Khmelnytsky Street, Kyiv, 01030, Ukraine.
- State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Tarasa Shevchenko Blvd, 16, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine.
| | - Oleksander O Salganskij
- State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Tarasa Shevchenko Blvd, 16, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Ihor V Dykyy
- Department of Zoology, Lviv National University, 4, Grushevsky Street, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - Olga I Lisitsyna
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine, 15, Bogdan Khmelnytsky Street, Kyiv, 01030, Ukraine
| | - Eleonora M Korol
- National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine, 15, Bogdan Khmelnytsky Street, Kyiv, 01030, Ukraine
| | - Anna Faltýnková
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Yuriy I Kuzmin
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine, 15, Bogdan Khmelnytsky Street, Kyiv, 01030, Ukraine
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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