1
|
Liu W, Zhang L, Karrar E, Wu D, Chen C, Zhang Z, Li J. A cooperative combination of non-targeted metabolomics and electronic tongue evaluation reveals the dynamic changes in metabolites and sensory quality of radish during pickling. Food Chem 2024; 446:138886. [PMID: 38422641 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Pickled radish is a traditional fermented food with a unique flavor after long-term preservation. This study analyzed the organoleptic and chemical characteristics of pickled radish from different years to investigate quality changes during pickling. The results showed that the sourness, saltiness, and aftertaste-bitterness increased after pickling, and bitterness and astringency decreased. The levels of free amino acids, soluble sugars, total phenols, and total flavonoids initially decreased during pickling but increased with prolonged pickling. The diversity of organic acids also increased over time. Through non-targeted metabolomics analysis, 349 differential metabolites causing metabolic changes were identified to affect the quality formation of pickled radish mainly through amino acid metabolism, phenylpropane biosynthesis and lipid metabolism. Correlation analysis showed that L*, soluble sugars, lactic acid, and acetic acid were strongly associated with taste quality. These findings provide a theoretical basis for standardizing and scaling up traditional pickled radish production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Emad Karrar
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Daren Wu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chaoxiang Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei W, Huang L, Huang J, Li J, Qing Y, Hou X, Liu W. Comprehensive Analysis of Chemical Ingredients of Waiganfengsha Granule and Absorbed Components in Rat Plasma Based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Curr Drug Metab 2024; 25:CDM-EPUB-140533. [PMID: 38779735 DOI: 10.2174/0113892002299899240515092703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Waiganfengsha Granule, an over-the-counter drug, is commonly used for treating windheat cold and sore throat in clinical settings. However, its material basis of medicinal efficacy is still unclear. In this study, an efficient integrated analytical strategy was established for its chemical and metabolite profiles study. METHODS Firstly, to avoid the possible false-positive results of structural elucidation, an in-house component library that contains chemical constituents reported in the literature from the six individual medicines of Waiganfengsha Granule was established. Secondary, mass data post-processing techniques, including precursor ion list and neutral loss filtering, were applied to enhance the identification accuracy. Thirdly, for the rapid characterization of those absorbed components after oral administration in rats, the identified chemical constituents were used as candidate components for the serum analysis. By comparing the retention time and analyzing mass data, the metabolites in rat plasma were identified. RESULTS As a result, 57 chemical ingredients were identified, including 21 phenolic acids, 9 alkaloids, 2 flavonoids, 5 lignins, 13 saponins, and 7 other compounds. Among these, 12 compounds were unambiguously identified by comparison with reference standards, and 45 were tentatively characterized by analyzing their accurate MS data, MS/MS fragmentation patterns, and also by comparison with those data reported in the literature. Additionally, 46 metabolites were detected and identified in rat plasma. CONCLUSION This study is beneficial for understanding the chemical composition and metabolic profiles of Waiganfengsha Granule, and the results obtained might provide a solid basis for further studies on its functional mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Liyuan Huang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Yingying Qing
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Xiaotao Hou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ding X, Li S, Huang H, Shen J, Ding Y, Chen T, Ma L, Liu J, Lai Y, Chen B, Wang Y, Tan Q. Bioactive triterpenoid compounds of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf in the treatment of diabetic ulcers via regulating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 325:117812. [PMID: 38301984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetic ulcers represent a chronic condition characterized by prolonged hyperglycemia and delayed wound healing, accompanied by endocrine disorders, inflammatory responses, and microvascular damage in the epidermal tissue, demanding effective clinical treatment approaches. For thousands of years, ancient Chinese ethnopharmacological studies have documented the use of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf in treating diabetic ulcers. Recent research has substantiated the diverse pharmacological effects of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, including its potential to alleviate hyperglycemia and exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune regulatory properties, which could effectively mitigate diabetic ulcer symptoms. Furthermore, being a natural medicine, Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf has demonstrated promising therapeutic effects and safety in the management of diabetic ulcers, holding significant clinical value. Despite its potential clinical efficacy and applications in diabetic ulcer treatment, the primary active components and underlying pharmacological mechanisms of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf remains unclear. Further investigations are imperative to establish a solid foundation for drug development in this domain. AIM OF THE STUDY AND MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we aimed to identify the active compounds and potential targets of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and TCMSP databases. Additionally, we attempt to identify targets related to diabetic ulcers. Following enrichment analysis, a network of protein-protein interactions was constructed to identify hub genes based on the common elements between the two datasets. To gain insights into the binding activities of the hub genes and active ingredients, molecular docking analysis was employed. Furthermore, to further validate the therapeutic effect of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, we exerted in vitro experiments using human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells and human myeloid leukemia monocytes (THP-1). The active ingredient of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf was applied in these experiments. Our investigations included various assays, such as CCK-8, scratch test, immunofluorescence, western blotting, RT-PCR, and flow cytometry, to explore the potential of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf triterpenoid extract (PTE) in treating diabetic ulcers. RESULTS The findings here highlighted PTE as the primary active ingredient in Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf. Utilizing network pharmacology, we identified 74 potential targets associated with diabetic ulcer treatment for Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, with five hub genes (JUN, MAPK1, STAT3, AKT1, and CTNNB1). Enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of multiple pathways in the therapeutic process, with the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway showing significant enrichment. Through molecular docking, we discovered that relevant targets within this pathway exhibited strong binding with the active components of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf. In vitro experiments unveiled that PTE (10 mg/L) facilitated the migration of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (P < 0.05). PTE also increased the expression of CD31 and VEGF mRNA (P < 0.05) while activating the expressions of p-PI3K and p-AKT (P < 0.05). Moreover, PTE demonstrated its potential by reducing the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB mRNA in THP-1 (P < 0.05) and fostering M2 macrophage polarization. These results signify the potential therapeutic effects of PTE in treating diabetic ulcers, with its beneficial actions mediated through the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS PTE is the main active ingredient in Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf that exerts therapeutic effects. Through PI3K-AKT signaling pathway activation and inflammatory response reduction, PTE promotes angiogenesis, thereby healing diabetic ulcers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Ding
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Shiyan Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, NO. 321, Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heyan Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jiayun Shen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Youjun Ding
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, NO. 321, Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Timson Chen
- Adolph Innovation Laboratory, Guangzhou Degu Personal Care Products Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Adolph Innovation Laboratory, Guangzhou Degu Personal Care Products Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jinfang Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yongxian Lai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Institute of Plant Resources and Chemistry, Nanjing Research Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Centre of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qian Tan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Hao BQ, Li YQ, Wang GL, Xu F, Liu GX, Shang MY, Cai SQ. [Existence forms of Tiantian Capsules and its raw material Aloe in rats]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2024; 49:1641-1660. [PMID: 38621949 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20231215.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the existence forms(original constituents and metabolites) of Tiantian Capsules, Aloe, and Tiantian Capsules without Aloe in rats for the first time, aiming to clarify the contribution of Aloe to the existence form of Tiantian Capsules. Rats were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage once a day for seven consecutive days. All urine and feces samples were collected during the seven days of administration, and blood samples were collected 0.5, 1, and 1.5 h after the last administration. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS was employed to detect and identify the original constituents and metabolites in the samples. A total of 34, 28, and 2 original constituents and 64, 94, and 0 metabolites were identified in the samples of rats administrated with Aloe, Tiantian Capsules, and Tiantian Capsules without Aloe, respectively. The main metabolic reactions were methylation, hydrogenation, hydroxylation, dehydroxylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation. This study clarified for the first time the existence forms and partial metabolic pathways of Aloe, Tiantian Capsules, and Tiantian Capsules without Aloe in rats, laying a foundation for revealing their effective forms. The findings are of great significance to the research on the functioning mechanism and quality control of Aloe and Tiantian Capsules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bei-Quan Hao
- Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yin-Qing Li
- Hebei Yuzhilin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Guang-Lu Wang
- Hebei Yuzhilin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guang-Xue Liu
- Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ming-Ying Shang
- Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shao-Qing Cai
- Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Naeem A, Yu C, Wang X, Peng M, Liu Y, Liu Y. Hydroxyethyl Cellulose-Based Hydrogels as Controlled Release Carriers for Amorphous Solid Dispersion of Bioactive Components of Radix Paeonia Alba. Molecules 2023; 28:7320. [PMID: 37959739 PMCID: PMC10648136 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radix Paeoniae Alba (RPA) has been used extensively in Chinese traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders, immune-modulating diseases, cancers, and numerous other conditions. A few of its active components include paeoniflorin, albiflorin, lactiflorin, and catechin. However, their therapeutic effectiveness is compromised by poor pharmacokinetic profiles, low oral bioavailability, short half-lives, and poor aqueous solubility. In this study, hydroxyethyl cellulose-grafted-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (HEC-g-AMPS) hydrogels were successfully prepared for the controlled release of Radix Paeonia Alba-solid dispersion (RPA-SD). A total of 43 compounds were identified in RPA-SD using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis. The hydrogel network formation was confirmed by FTIR, TGA, DSC, XRD, and SEM. Hydrogels' swelling and drug release were slightly higher at pH 1.2 (43.31% swelling, 81.70% drug release) than at pH 7.4 (27.73% swelling, 72.46% drug release) after 48 h. The gel fraction, drug release time and mechanical strength of the hydrogels increased with increased polymer and monomer concentration. Furthermore, the hydrogels were porous (84.15% porosity) and biodegradable (8.9% weight loss per week). Moreover, the synthesized hydrogels exhibited excellent antimicrobial and antioxidative properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abid Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (C.Y.); (M.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Quality Evaluation on Anti-Inflammatory Chinese Herbs, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Chengqun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (C.Y.); (M.P.)
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Mingyan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (C.Y.); (M.P.)
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (C.Y.); (M.P.)
| | - Yali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Quality Evaluation on Anti-Inflammatory Chinese Herbs, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation, Health Commission of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fan Z, Guan J, Tang X, Ge S, Shen G, Li L, Zhu H, Feng B. Comparison of IDA, SWATH, and MS ALL techniques in the analysis of compounds of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5715. [PMID: 37607558 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction (HGWD) is an effective traditional Chinese medicine prescription, which is used for treating blood arthralgia in the clinic. However, its material basis has not been studied yet. Herein, a new and highly sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-MS (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technique is proposed and used for the high-resolution and accurate identification of the material basis of HGWD. Seventy-eight compounds have been identified in HGWD. The advantages of information-dependent acquisition (IDA), sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment-ion spectra (SWATH), and MSALL in the quantitative and qualitative analyses of compounds were compared. For the identification of compounds, the best mode with the highest accuracy is the IDA. For the quantification of compounds, MSALL shows the best repeatability and linearity. This research provides a theoretical basis for the study of quality control of traditional Chinese medicine preparations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyu Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
- School of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Jiao Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Xinmiao Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
- School of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Shengyu Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
- School of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Guanghai Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Lele Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Heyun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Bo Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li J, Zhou Z, Liu D, Dong H, Zhou J, Wu J. Therapeutic effects of Zhuling Jianpi capsule on experimental ulcerative colitis and characterization of its chemical constituents and metabolomics using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16553. [PMID: 37274655 PMCID: PMC10238897 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zhuling Jianpi Capsule (Zhuling) is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula used to treat symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the protective effects of Zhuling on experimental ulcerative colitis (UC) and the effective substance responsible for its efficacy have rarely been reported. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of orally administrated Zhuling on DSS-induced UC in mice. The chemical constituents and metabolomics of Zhuling were qualitatively analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The results showed that Zhuling treatment markedly alleviated DSS-induced clinical symptoms, restrained the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and improved intestinal epithelial barrier function. Furthermore, a total of 167 compounds have been identified or characterized, and 120 prototype components were detected in the urine, plasma, bile and feces of mice. Among them, altogether 26 representative prototypes were associated with 139 metabolites via the corresponding biotransformation pathways, and both of them mainly contained flavonoids, alkaloids, organic acids, monoterpenes, phenylpropanoids, triterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids and anthraquinones. Finally, 12 potent compounds mainly containing flavonoids, terpenoids and phenylpropanoids were screened out as potential quality control index components and might be the main substances that exert a pharmacological effect. Our data indicated that Zhuling administration prominently alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice. Additionally, the chemical and metabolic profiling provided helpful information on the potential pharmacodynamic substances of Zhuling, which can be further investigated in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Jinling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Ziqi Zhou
- Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijuan Dong
- The Public Laboratory Platform, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ding X, Hao S, Li H, Wang T, Li W, Guan S, Zheng Y, Guo L, Zhang D. Chemical Characteristics and Comparison of Schizonepetae Herba and Schizonepetae Herba Carbonisata by Combination of GC-MS and UHPLC-MS Strategies. J AOAC Int 2023:7079818. [PMID: 36929943 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizonepetae Herba (SH, Jingjie) and Schizonepetae Herba Carbonisata (SHC, Jingjie Tan) are two different forms of the same herbal material, with SHC being the processed product of SH. The different clinical efficacies of SH and SHC may be caused by changes in their chemical compositions. Despite this, there have been few studies that have reported on the comparative identification of SH and SHC. Therefore, the aims of this experiment are to investigate the differential changes of non-volatile and volatile components before and after SH processing. OBJECTIVES To establish combination strategies for identifying the chemical markers in SH and SHC, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) to use. METHODS An untargeted metabolomics approach using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and HS-GC-MS was utilized to comprehensively discriminate between SH and SHC. To identify chemical markers, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed on 14 batches of SH and SHC. RESULTS A total of 71 non-volatile compounds and 81 volatile compounds were tentatively identified in SH and SHC. Among these, 14 non-volatile compounds and 18 volatile oils were found to be potential characteristic markers that can differentiate between SH and SHC. CONCLUSIONS The present work provides valuable information for understanding the chemical differences between SH and SHC. The results obtained from this research may serve as a scientific foundation for comprehensively revealing the mechanisms involved in the carbonizing processing method of stir-frying SH. HIGHLIGHTS The chemical changes that occur before and after carbonizing Schizonepetae Herba were investigated using integrated methods based on LC-MS and GC-MS, and chemical markers in SH and SHC were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Ding
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
| | - Shenghui Hao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
| | - Hengyang Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
| | - Tao Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
| | - Shengjiang Guan
- Hebei Industrial Technology Institute for Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, Hebei Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011 China
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China.,Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Inheritance Base of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Hebei), Shijiazhuang, 050200 China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang, 050026 China
| | - Long Guo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China.,International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China.,Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Inheritance Base of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Hebei), Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China.,International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China.,Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Inheritance Base of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Hebei), Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Luo Y, Wu D, Zong L, Shen Y, Dai L, Luo X. Potential Anti-Inflammatory Components of Rhododendron molle G. Don Leaf Extracts in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201132. [PMID: 36843209 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Rhododendron molle G. Don has a long history of treating rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were established as cell inflammatory model to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of chloroform extract from R. molle leaves (CERL), ethyl acetate extract from R. molle leaves (EERL) and butanol extract from R. molle leaves (BERL) and analyze the potential anti-inflammatory components of R. molle. Potential anti-inflammatory components analysis of CERL were performed by HPLC and UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Prediction of potential anti-inflammatory components by molecular docking experiments. Compared with negative control group, 25 μg/mL CERL could reduce the release level of NO by 62 %, and the mRNA expression levels of COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were reduced by 69.74 %, 86.25 %, 77.94 % and 56.80 %, respectively. Western-Blot showed similar results. CERL, EERL and BERL exerted their inhibitory activity in dose-dependent manner. All results showed that the higher the concentration, the better the anti-inflammatory activity. CERL showed the best inhibitory activity, the second was EERL, and then was BERL. 21 terpenoids and 4 flavonoids were identified in CERL by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Molecular docking results showed that triterpenoids in CERL had better interaction with target proteins (TNF-α, IL-1β). It indicated that triterpenoids may be potential anti-inflammatory components of R. molle leaves. This study explored the anti-inflammatory activities of CERL, EERL, BERL, which laid a foundation for further promoting the clinical application of R. molle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Luo
- College of life science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Decai Wu
- College of life science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Luye Zong
- College of life science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Yu Shen
- College of life science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Liangfang Dai
- College of life science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xiangdong Luo
- College of life science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Y, Sun X, Qiu J, Zhou A, Xu P, Liu Y, Wu H. A UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based serum and urine metabolomics approach reveals the mechanism of Gualou-Xiebai herb pair intervention against atherosclerosis process in ApoE -/- mice. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1215:123567. [PMID: 36529071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a metabolic disorder commonly correlated with a high-fat diet (HFD). There are many endogenous metabolic changes associated with AS development. Gualou-Xiebai (GLXB) is a traditional Chinese medicine herb pair that has been used to treat AS. However, the mechanism of GLXB herb pair on the process of AS is still essentially unknown. In this study, aortic histopathological examination and biochemical analyses were used to validate the anti-atherosclerotic effects of GLXB herb pair on ApoE-/- mice during the disease course of AS. The mechanism of GLXB herb pair were performed by metabolomics approach based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). As a result, GLXB herb pair has protective effects on AS lesion development and improves blood lipid levels in ApoE-/- mice. A total of 34, 39, and 49 metabolites were found to be profoundly altered in the 9-week, 14-week, and 19-week model groups compared with the corresponding control groups. Among them, 16, 18, and 18 metabolites showed a trend toward normal levels after pharmacological intervention. Metabolic pathway analysis found that GLXB herb pair mainly affects glycerophospholipid metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions in 9 weeks; linoleic acid metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism in 14 weeks; arachidonic acid metabolism and pentose and glucuronate interconversions in 19 weeks. The results demonstrated that GLXB herb pair mainly played a therapeutic role by regulating glycerophospholipid metabolism and pentose and glucuronate interconversions in the whole process of AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jingwen Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - An Zhou
- The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Pengbo Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yarong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Hongfei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma RT, Han JX, Qiao JC, Tong LJ, Chen LX. In-vitro and In-vivo Identification, Absorbtion and Metabolism Network Analysis of Filifolium sibiricum Flavonoids Dropping Pill by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Curr Drug Metab 2023; 23:1143-1155. [PMID: 36733241 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666230202144113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filifolium sibiricum flavonoids dropping pill (FSFp), a unique Chinese Filifolii sibirici herba extract preparation, has the potential as an alternative therapy against S. aureus infection (SA) and antiinfection. However, its chemical composition and in vivo metabolism characteristics remain unknown, which limits its clinical application. METHODS Here, we aimed to understand the in vitro and in vivo material basis of FSFp. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to identify chemicals in FSFp as well as its phase I and phase II reaction metabolites in plasma, urine and feces. RESULTS A total of 38 chemicals were characterized in FSFp, including 22 flavonoids, 10 organic acids, 3 chromones, 1 aromatic ketone, 1 coumarin, and 1 ligan. After analysis of the drugged bio-samples, a total of 21 compounds were found in urine, and 16 of them were found in feces, but only one was found in plasma. In addition, 56 FSFp-related metabolites were characterized, of which 56 were in urine, 4 in feces, and 8 in plasma. CONCLUSION This is the first comprehensive research of FSFp on chemical constituents and metabolic profiles. It was expected that this study would offer reliable support for further investigation of FSFp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ting Ma
- The Inner Mongolia Mental Health Center, Hohhot 010010, China.,Department of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Ji-Xin Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Vocational College of Chemical Technology, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Jun-Chan Qiao
- Pharmacy Department, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Li-Jun Tong
- The Inner Mongolia Mental Health Center, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- The Inner Mongolia Mental Health Center, Hohhot 010010, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang S, Lu L, Song T, Xu X, Yu J, Liu T. Optimization of Cordyceps sinensis fermentation Marsdenia tenacissima process and the differences of metabolites before and after fermentation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12586. [PMID: 36636205 PMCID: PMC9830164 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we explored the interaction of factors which influenced the Cordyceps sinensis fermentation Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight et Arn, a Dai (a national minority of China) medicine, and the optimal fermentation conditions. The differences of C. sinensis metabolites in normal state (CN) and products of two-way liquid fermentation of C. sinensis and Marsdenia tenacissima (CM) and Marsdenia tenacissima (MT). The interactive effect of factors was analyzed and the best conditions are obtained through the box-behnken design (BBD) in response surface methodology (RSM). All metabolites were determined by ultra high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS), analyzed and identified by metabonomics technology. Results showed that the optimum fermentation conditions were the concentration of raw medicinal materials is 160 g/L, the fermentation time is 6 days, the inoculation volume is 9.5%, the rotating speed is 170 rpm. 197 metabolites were identified in both positive ion and negative ion. 119 metabolites were significantly different between CN and CM. 43 metabolites were significantly different between CM and MT. Differential metabolic pathways were enriched. In conclusion, this paper optimizes the bidirectional fermentation process of M. tenacissima and C. sinensis through response surface methodology, and analyzes the changes of components from the level of metabonomics, so as to provide reference for exploring medicinal fungi fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Minority of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Minority of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tianyuan Song
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Minority of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Minority of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Minority of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tongxiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Minority of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China,Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wan X, Wu W, Zang Z, Li K, Naeem A, Zhu Y, Chen L, Zhong L, Zhu W, Guan Y. Investigation of the potential curative effects of Gui-Zhi-Jia-Ge-Gen decoction on wind-cold type of common cold using multidimensional analysis. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 298:115662. [PMID: 36031102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gui-Zhi-Jia-Ge-Gen decoction (GJGD) is a classical Chinese medicine prescription that has been widely used in clinical practice for centuries. In recent times, TCM has received considerable attention for its potential efficacy in treating a wind-cold type of common cold. However, the effect of the Gui-Zhi-Jia-Ge-Gen decoction on the wind-cold type of common cold is still not fully understood, which presents challenges for both quality control, research and development. Furthermore, the identification of potential pharmacodynamic ingredients (PPIs) is important for developing quality control procedures for industrial and large-scale production. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the potential curative effect of Gui-Zhi-Jia-Ge-Gen decoction on wind-type of common cold using multidimensional qualitative analysis that combined water-decoction spectrums, in vivo plasma spectrums, and molecular docking to identify key constituents of GJGD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Water-based GJGDs were formulated according to the clinical usage documented in ancient medical texts. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was combined with computer-aided modeling screening to identify GJGD PPIs in rats following oral administration. Molecular docking experiments were carried out to predict the binding affinity of the PPIs to tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Finally, the active ingredients of GJGD were further validated through pharmacodynamic experiments by assessing their efficacy in treating a wind-cold type of common cold in rats. RESULTS A total of 61 compounds were identified in the GJGD, 8 of which were detected in rat blood samples, providing stronger evidence for PPIs. Molecular docking also confirmed that these 8 compounds had a better affinity for TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. In animal studies, various doses of the GJGD groups and the positive control groups caused significant elevations (P < 0.05) in the levels of white blood cell count and lymphocyte ratio and caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the monocyte ratio and neutrophilic granulocyte ratio compared to the model group. Organ indexes of the GJGD treated groups were higher than the model group (P < 0.05). Significant neutrophil infiltration, hemorrhage, compensatory vacuole, and interstitium proliferation were observed in the lung tissue of the model group. However, the lung tissues of the various dose groups that received GJGD showed a near normal appearance, except for slight thickening, interstitium proliferation, and compensatory vacuole in some areas. The GJGD was found to be effective against a cold-wind type of common cold, which is in accordance with molecular docking studies suggesting that GJGD may be effective against a cold-wind type of common cold. Finally, based on multidimensional analysis, 8 potential compounds in GJGD were identified as PPIs (puerarin, 3'-hydroxy puerarin, 3'- methoxy puerarin, daidzin, cinnamic acid, paeoniflorin, liquiritin, and glycyrrhizic acid). CONCLUSION The present study combined water decoction spectral analysis, molecular docking, and in vivo blood plasma spectrum analysis to develop a multidimensional qualitative approach for the development of GJGD and to assess its effectiveness in a wind type of common cold in Sprague Dawley rats. Meanwhile, 8 compounds in the GJGD were identified as PPIs in this study, which may be useful in developing quality standards for complex TCM prescriptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenting Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Kang Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Abid Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Yulu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Lingyun Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China.
| | - Yongmei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou B, Huang W, Feng X, Liu Q, Ibrahim SA, Liu Y. Identification and quantification of intact glucosinolates at different vegetative growth periods in Chinese cabbage cultivars by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Food Chem 2022; 393:133414. [PMID: 35696949 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate glucosinolate variations in Chinese cabbage cultivars at different growth periods. Glucosinolates in two types of Chinese cabbage (Xiayangbai and Zaoshu-5) at different growth periods (seeds, germination, seedling, and rosette period) were investigated. Thirteen glucosinolates were identified and quantified using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Concentrations of the glucosinolates were significantly different between Xiayangbai and Zaoshu-5. The seed period generated the highest concentration of glucosinolates, and aliphatic glucosinolate predominated in seeds, seedling, and leaves of the rosette as well as during germination. However, the dominant glucosinolate in the roots was an aromatic glucosinolate (gluconasturtiin). In addition, glucoerucin was only found in the roots of rosettes. There were positive significant correlations with each other among gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, glucoraphanin, glucoalyssin, and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin. Our results released the metabolism pathways of glucosinolates in Chinese cabbage, which provided scientific evidence to develop functional foods with higher glucosinolate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wen Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xi Feng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Salam A Ibrahim
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, 171 Carver Hall, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang J, Lv Y, Zhang J, Bai YS, Li MY, Wang SQ, Wang LL, Liu GX, Xu F, Shang MY, Cai SQ. Analysis of In Vivo Existence Forms of Nardosinone in Mice by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS Technique. Molecules 2022; 27:7267. [PMID: 36364095 PMCID: PMC9653913 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nardosinone, a sesquiterpene peroxide, is one of the main active constituents of the ethnomedicine Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma, and it has many bioactivities, such as antiarrhythmia and cardioprotection. To elucidate its in vivo existence forms, its metabolism is first studied using mice. All urine and feces are collected during the six days of oral dosing of nardosinone, and blood is collected at one hour after the last dose. Besides, to validate some metabolites, a fast experiment is performed, in which nardosinone was orally administered and the subsequent one-hour urine is collected and immediately analyzed by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. In total, 76 new metabolites are identified in this study, including 39, 51, and 12 metabolites in urine, plasma, and feces, respectively. Nardosinone can be converted into nardosinone acid or its isomers. The metabolic reactions of nardosinone included hydroxylation, hydrogenation, dehydration, glucuronidation, sulfation, demethylation, and carboxylation. There are 56 and 20 metabolites with the structural skeleton of nardosinone and nardosinone acid, respectively. In total, 77 in vivo existence forms of nardosinone are found in mice. Nardosinone is mainly excreted in urine and is not detected in the feces. These findings will lay the foundation for further research of the in vivo effective forms of nardosinone and Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu-Sha Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shun-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Guang-Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ming-Ying Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shao-Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang N, Yang L, Shang L, Liang Z, Wang Y, Feng M, Yu S, Li X, Gao C, Li Z, Luo J. Altered Fecal Metabolomics and Potential Biomarkers of Psoriatic Arthritis Differing From Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:812996. [PMID: 35296075 PMCID: PMC8919725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease, and the diagnosis is quite difficult due to the unavailability of reliable clinical markers. This study aimed to investigate the fecal metabolites in PsA by comparison with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers for PsA. The metabolic profiles of the fecal samples from 27 PsA and 29 RA patients and also 36 healthy controls (HCs) were performed on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). And differentially altered metabolites were screened and assessed using multivariate analysis for exploring the potential biomarkers of PsA. The results showed that 154 fecal metabolites were significantly altered in PsA patients when compared with HCs, and 45 metabolites were different when compared with RA patients. A total of 14 common differential metabolites could be defined as candidate biomarkers. Furthermore, a support vector machines (SVM) model was performed to distinguish PsA from RA patients and HCs, and 5 fecal metabolites, namely, α/β-turmerone, glycerol 1-hexadecanoate, dihydrosphingosine, pantothenic acid and glutamine, were determined as biomarkers for PsA. Through the metabolic pathways analysis, we found that the abnormality of amino acid metabolism, bile acid metabolism and lipid metabolism might contribute to the occurrence and development of PsA. In summary, our research provided ideas for the early diagnosis and treatment of PsA by identifying fecal biomarkers and analyzing metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Linjiao Yang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lili Shang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhaojun Liang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Min Feng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuting Yu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Taowen P, Shuyuan F, Xiaoli S, Annan W, Feng Q, Yizhong Z, Jing L, Bin L, Kun L, Yunpeng D. Study on the action mechanism of the peptide compounds of Wuguchong on diabetic ulcers, based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, network pharmacology and experimental validation. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 288:114974. [PMID: 35033625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.114974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetic foot ulcers mainly refer to people who are initially diabetic and do not have peripheral neuropathy or peripheral vascular disease, but have developed foot infection, septicemia, and ulceration. Diabetic trauma disease is characterized by high sugar and very slow wound healing, which is the reason why some patients with severe diabetic trauma require amputation. Prolonged hyperglycemia can lead to changes in bodily functions and endocrine changes, which can lead to permeability damage of epidermal tissue structure, microvascular damage and, in more severe cases, nerve damage, which are also the main causes of diabetic trauma. Small molecule peptides have various biological activities, such as: lowering blood pressure, antibacterial and wound healing activities, etc. It is a drug recorded in classical Chinese medicine, it is safer to use natural active peptides to treat wounds compared to the listed drugs, and there are no side effects in its use.The wound healing effect of Wuguchong dry product has been confirmed but the mechanism is still unclear, whether it is related to the small molecule active peptides contained in it remains to be studied. AIM OF STUDY Objective To investigate the potential mechanism of the peptide compounds of Wuguchong (PCW) on diabetic wound healing and the relevant targets in the pathway associated with the treatment of diabetic ulcers using a systematic pharmacological and pharmacological experimental validation approach. METHODS 1) PCW was prepared by enzymatic digestion of TCMW and analyzed by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. 2) Further screening of the active chemical components of PCW using PubChem, Swiss Target Prediction data. 3) Prediction of its targets using Drug Bank, CTD, and Genecards databases. 4) Construct protein/gene interactions network diagrams for PCWs acting by using Cytoscape 3.7.0 software. 5) GO and KEGG analysis of PCW targets were performed by David database. 6) Validated by AO/EB staining, scratching and in vitro tube formation methods. 7) Explored the mechanism of PCW to promote diabetic wound healing by protein blotting and immunohistochemical detection of relevant protein expression. RESULTS and finally: 1) After the above screening, 81 active ingredients of PCW and 94 targets acting on diabetic ulcers were obtained. 2) 30 biological processes, 30 cellular compositions and 30 molecular functions were obtained by GO analysis; 28 signaling pathways were obtained by KEGG analysis. 3) The results of AO/EB staining assay, scratch assay and in vitro tube-forming assay showed that PCW has significant pro-vascular endothelial cell proliferation and pro-angiogenic effects in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirmed the effect of the PCW in treating diabetic ulcers to a certain extent, and further revealed its mechanism of action in depth, which provides a new reference for the next step of Chinese medicine in treating diabetic ulcers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Taowen
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China; Dalian Anti-infective Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Engineering Technology Research Center, China
| | - Fan Shuyuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China.
| | - Shi Xiaoli
- Pharmacy Department of Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Wang Annan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Qiu Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zhang Yizhong
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Liu Jing
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Li Bin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Li Kun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China.
| | - Diao Yunpeng
- Dalian Anti-infective Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Engineering Technology Research Center, China; College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hong F, Yan Y, Zhao L, Yu BY, Chai CZ. [Analysis on ingredients and metabolites of Gegen Decoction absorbed into blood based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2021; 46:5944-5952. [PMID: 34951186 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210727.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the plasma components of Gegen Decoction(GGD) by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS), which is expected to serve as a reference for exploring the pharmacodynamic substances of GGD. Female Wistar rats were given(ig) GGD and then plasma samples were collected and analyzed by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The results showed that 42 chemical components were identified: 25 prototypes(14 from Puerariae Lobatae Radix, 6 from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 3 from Paeoniae Radix Alba, and 2 from Ephedrae Herba) and 17 metabolites(from isoflavonoids in Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma). UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS was employed to achieve rapid analysis of plasma components of GGD, laying a basis for elucidating the therapeutic material basis and mechanism of GGD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Medicine Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198, China Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Medicine Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Medicine Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198, China Department of Pharmacology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Medicine Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198, China Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Chai
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Medicine Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198, China Department of Pharmacology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang J, Fan L, Zhang L, Zheng D, Wang Y, Sun X, Ji Y. Pharmacokinetics study of a supersaturatable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for ellagic acid by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Acta Pharm 2021; 71:679-87. [PMID: 36651551 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2021-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the bioavailability of ellagic acid loaded super-saturatable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS), its pharmacokinetic properties were studied in rats with an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. The plasma samples were treated by solid-phase extraction method, and gallic acid was used as the internal standard when determining the concentration of ellagic acid. Results showed that the established analytical method was sensitive and accurate, which is applicable to the pharmacokinetic study of ellagic acid. The drug was found to be absorbed rapidly in vivo, and the plasma concentration-time curve showed double peaks, indicating that ellagic acid were reabsorbed by entero-hepatic circulation after oral administration. Compared with ellagic acid suspension, the apparent clearance of ellagic acid-loaded S-SMEDDS and SMEDDS reduced significantly, and the AUC 0~t of them were 4.7 and 5.8-fold increase, respectively. Therefore, the bioavailability of ellagic acid-loaded S-SMEDDS was higher than that of the suspension and SMEDDS.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhu H, Chang W, Zhou C, Xu C, Su W, Gao F, Tan X, Lu S. Chemicalome and metabolome profiling of Chai-Gui Decoction using an integrated strategy based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1185:122979. [PMID: 34688199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions are widely believed to exert therapeutic benefits via a multiple-component and multiple-target mode. The systemic profiling of their in vitro chemicalome and in vivo metabolome is of great importance for further understanding their clinical value. Herein, an integrated strategy using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry was proposed to profile the chemicalome and metabolome of Chai-Gui Decoction. Particularly, an approach combined mass defect filter, characteristic product ion filter, and neutral loss filter was adopted to identify metabolites in plasma, urine, bile, and feces by MetabolitePilot. Consequently, a total of 174 constituents were identified or tentatively characterized and 70 metabolites that related to 21 representative structural components were matched in rat biofluids. Among them, 19 prototypes and 7 metabolites that contributed to flavonoids, monoterpenes, and phenylpropanoids were detected distribution in brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung or spleen. This study provided a generally applicable approach to comprehensive investigation on chemicalome and metabolome of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, and offered reasonable guidelines for further screening of quality control indicators of Chai-Gui Decoction.
Collapse
|
21
|
Fu CL, Liu CH, Pan J, Lu Y, Sun J, Li YJ, Wang AM. [Mechanism of Liangfu Dropping Pills in treatment of gastrointestinal diseases based on plasma pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2021; 46:5393-5402. [PMID: 34738443 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210705.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To study the active chemical components and mechanism of Liangfu Dropping Pills in treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS method was employed to analyze the components of Liangfu Dropping Pills in plasma. The protein targets of the absorbed compounds were predicted in the TCMSP database and the SwissTargetPrediction database. The targets associated with gastrointestinal diseases were collected from OMIM, CTD, GeneCards, and DrugBank. The common target genes between components and diseases were screened out for the building of protein-protein interaction(PPI) network in the STRING database. Metascape was used to carry out gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Cytoscape was employed to construct the PPI network diagram and absorbed component-target network diagram. The molecular docking between the components absorbed in blood and potential key targets was performed by AutoDock vina 4.2.6 to screen and verify the main active components and targets. Twelve chemcial components were identified in Liangfu Dropping Pills, in which four components were absorbed in blood, including galangin, rhamnocitrin, galangin 3-methyl ether, and α-cyperone. These components acted on 189 common targets which were mainly involved in the cell responses to nitrogen compounds, organic cyclic compounds, and hormones, and enriched in the PI3 K-Akt signaling pathway, Foxo signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that the four components had strong affinity with core targets. The material basis of Liangfu Dropping Pills treating gastrointestinal diseases may be galangin, rhamnocitrin, galangin 3-methyl ether, and α-cyperone. This study provides a theoretical basis for further development and application of Liangfu Dripping Pills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Li Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004, China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Chun-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yong-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Ai-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang YT, Cai H, Duan Y, Pei K, Mo ZQ, Niu MJ, Duan YC. [Roles of processing and compatibility in antidepression of Sini Powder:a metabonomics study]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2021; 46:4993-5004. [PMID: 34738394 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210319.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The antidepressant mechanism of Sini Powder was investigated by metabonomics based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, and the roles of processing and compatibility in the antidepression of Sini Powder were discussed in the present study. The chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS) model of depression was induced in the model group, the Bupleuri Radix group, the Paeoniae Radix Alba group, the herb-pair group(Bupleuri Radix-Paeoniae Radix Alba), the Sini Powder group, and the vinegar-processed Sini Powder group(Bupleuri Radix and Paeoniae Radix Alba were vinegar-processed). After the establishment of the model, the rats in each group were continuously administered with corresponding drugs(ig) at a dose of 9.6 g·kg~(-1) for eight days [the rats in the model group and the normal group(without model induction) received the same volume of normal saline at the same time]. Following the last administration, the differential metabolites were identified to analyze metabolic pathways based on the rat plasma samples collected from each group. A total of sixteen potential biomarkers were identified. The metabolites with significant changes were involved in many biological metabolic pathways, such as amino acid metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and purine metabolism. After drug intervention, some biomarkers returned to normal levels. Further comparisons of processing and compatibility revealed that the vinegar-processed Sini Powder group had the most total metabolic pathways where differential metabolites were returned to normal. Compared with the individual herbs, the herb-pair significantly improved the recovery of differential metabolites in the pentose phosphate and purine metabolic pathways. Compared with the Sini Powder, the vinegar-processed Sini Powder facilitated the recovery of differential metabolites in the arginine biosynthesis, and pyrimidine and pentose phosphate metabolic pathways. As indicated by the results, Sini Powder may interfere with depression by regulating lipid and nucleotide metabolisms. The processing and compatibility of Chinese herbal medicines can potentiate the intervention on depression by regulating nucleotide, energy, and amino acid metabolisms to a certain extent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hao Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ke Pei
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinzhong 030024, China
| | - Zi-Qing Mo
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min-Jie Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi-Chen Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang S, Zhang X, Dong Y, Sun G, Jiang A, Li Y. Cleavage rules of mass spectrometry fragments and rapid identification of chemical components of Radix Paeoniae Alba using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Phytochem Anal 2021; 32:836-849. [PMID: 33503685 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radix Paeoniae Alba (RPA) presents several pharmacological effects, including analgesia, liver protection, and toxicity reduction. RPA consists mostly of monoterpenes and their glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, and organic acids, with monoterpenes being the main active pharmaceutical ingredients. OBJECTIVE To establish an effective method for rapid classification and identification of the main monoterpenes, flavonoids, and organic acids in RPA. METHODS We used ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and data post-processing technology to rapidly classify and identify the monoterpenoids, flavonoids, and organic acids in RPA. We also summarised the diagnostic product ions and neutral losses of monoterpenoids, flavonoids, and organic acids in RPA reported in the literature. RESULTS We identified 24 components, namely 18 monoterpenoids, one flavonoid, and five organic acids. CONCLUSION In this study, we analysed the chemically active pharmaceutical ingredients and assessed the quality of RPA. In addition, we demonstrated that UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS can be used to qualitatively classify and identify the variety of chemical components of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) to a certain extent. Moreover, we confirmed that mass spectrometry can be used to identify the components of TCMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenshen Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaqian Dong
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guijiang Sun
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Aili Jiang
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yubo Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ma Y, Wang BL, Wang L, Huang CY, Sun M, Jiao GY, Zhang F, Chen WS. [Effective components of Shengxian Decoction and its mechanism of action in treating chronic heart failure based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS integrated with network pharmacology]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2021; 46:2489-2500. [PMID: 34047095 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200915.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the effective components of Shengxian Decoction and its mechanism of action in treating chronic heart failure. Firstly, UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS was established to identify the main chemical constituents in the rat serum after intragastric administration with Shengxian Decoction. Secondly, the absorbed components in serum were then used for the network pharmacology analysis to infer the mechanism and effective components. Targets for constituents in serum were predicted at TCMSP and Swiss-TargetPrediction database. An association network map was drawn by network visualization software Cytoscape 3.6.1. Finally, GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out for the core target genes. By UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, 18 prototype compounds were definitely identified, including five compounds from Astragali Radix, four compounds from Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, four compounds from Bupleuri Radix, four compounds from Cimicifugae Rhizoma, and one compound from Platycodonis Radix. Those components of Shengxian Decoction were closely associated with 13 key protein targets, including inflammatory factors, like IL6, IL1 B, TNF, PTGS2, IL10; redox enzymes CAT, HMOX1, and MPO; cardiovascular targets, like VEGFA, NOS3, and NOS2; and transmememial proteins CAV1 and INS. Network pharmacology analysis showed that the 18 compounds could be responsible for the treatment of chronic heart failure by regulating HIF-1 signaling pathways, PI3 K-Akt signaling pathways, cGMP-PKG signaling pathways, cAMP signaling pathways and TNF signaling pathways. This study provided a scientific basis for mechanism and effective ingredients of Shengxian Decoction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200003, China Chemistry and Biological Engineering College, Yichun University Yichun 336000, China
| | - Bo-Long Wang
- Chemistry and Biological Engineering College, Yichun University Yichun 336000, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cui-Yun Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guang-Yang Jiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wan-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200003, China Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang X, Gao H, Tan S, Xu C, Xu F, Wang T, Chu J, Han Y, Wu D, Jin C. An integrated approach to uncover quality markers of stir-baking Semen Cuscuta with salt solution preventing recurrent spontaneous abortion based on chemical and metabolomic profiling. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1177:122727. [PMID: 34102535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The previous research of clinical big data mining showed that stir-baking Semen Cuscuta with salt solution (YP) ranked the first in the usage rate of treating abortion caused by kidney deficiency. At the same time, pharmacodynamic studies also showed that YP has better effect on improving recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) compared to raw products of Semen Cuscuta (SP). However, there were few studies on the biomarkers of YP improving RSA. In this study, the chemical and metabonomic profiling were used to screen the quality markers of YP on improving RSA. Firstly, a metabolomics study was carried out to select representative biomarkers of RSA. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) technique was used to investigate the components of exogenous and endogenous in serum of rats after administrated with YP and SP. As a result, 14 differential compounds were identified between the serum of rats administrated SP and YP. Compared to SP, there was an upward trend in YP of the compounds including kaempferol-3-glucuronide, iso-kaempferol-3-glucuronide, (1S) -11-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid and 3-phenylpropionic acid. Meanwhile, there was a reducing trend in YP of the compounds including kaempferol 3-arabinofuranoside, apigenin-3-O-glucoside, hyperoside, caffeic acid-β-D glucoside, dicaffeoylquinic acid, linoleic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid, palmitic acid and methyl myristate. 12 biomarkers for RSA indication were identified. SP and YP have a certain effect on the endogenous biomarker. The regulation effect of YP was higher than that of SP. The main metabolic pathways included phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, sphingolipid metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. This study demonstrated a promising way to elucidate the active chemical and endogenous material basis of TCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Bozhou 236800, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Song Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Fengqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Tongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Jijun Chu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Yanquan Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Deling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Bozhou 236800, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China.
| | - Chuanshan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Bozhou 236800, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sun Y, He Y, Liu S, Gao H, Pi Z, Song F, Liu Z, Liu S. Comparative pharmacokinetics of Ding-Zhi-Xiao-Wan preparation and its single herbs in rats by using a putative multiple-reaction monitoring UPLC-MS/MS method. Phytochem Anal 2021; 32:362-374. [PMID: 32896044 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The formula of Chinese medicine, Ding-Zhi-Xiao-Wan (DZXW), has the distinct feature of compatibility therapy, which is attributed to the interactions of multi-herbs. However, the quantification problem caused by the absence of pure reference standards is a bottleneck to clarify the compatibility advantages from the perspective of pharmacokinetics (PKs). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a putative multiple-reaction monitor (PMRM) strategy for exploring the comparative PKs of DZXW and its single herbs. METHODS First, precursor ion and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) chromatograms were obtained via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight MS (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) under different collision energy (CE) values. Then, the two most abundance ions in the MS/MS chromatograms were chosen as product ions, and CE values were selected according to the abundance of the product ion peaks. Next, a PMRM strategy consisting of optimal MRM parameters was constructed. Finally, the established PMRM parameters were imported to UHPLC coupled with triple quadrupole MS (UHPLC-TQ-MS) for quantification. RESULTS The strategy was exemplified by the comparative PK study of DZXW and its single herbs. This strategy could extend the PK scopes of multi-components. The quantitative results displayed substantial variations in PK parameters between DZXW and its single herbs. CONCLUSION The PK parameters indicated that the DZXW formula could increase the exposure levels of most ingredients and reduce the maximum concentration (Cmax ) of Radix Polygala, indicating that herb compatibility could produce synergistic effects and diminish possible toxic effects. This study provides a viable orientation for the compatibility investigation of traditional Chinese medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yang He
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Shuxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hongxue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xia Z, Liu X, Tong L, Wang H, Feng M, Xi X, He P, Qin X. Comparison of chemical constituents of Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum and Bupleurum chinense DC. using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS based on a metabonomics approach. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5133. [PMID: 33811357 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The overall chemical composition of Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum and Bupleurum chinense DC. was compared in this study. Metabolites were identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Multivariate statistical analysis techniques such as principal component analysis were used to conduct metabonomics analysis and study the correlation between different components. Principal component analysis results showed a clear distinction among medicinal materials of different origins and divided them into different categories, consistent with the results of hierarchical cluster analysis. Both partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) showed that the two materials could be distinguished clearly. Using PLS-DA and OPLS-DA combined with the S-plot and a variable importance in the projection (VIP) score >1, 24 differential metabolites were screened and identified; all of the metabolites were triterpenoid saponins. In addition, SPSS 25.0 and Metabo Analyst 4.0 were used to analyze significant differences in the relative contents of different compounds in the two materials. This study has successfully provided not only a new direction for research based on the chemical substances identified and the quality evaluation of Bupleuri Radix but also a better theoretical basis for the expansion of medicinal sources and their clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodi Xia
- Shanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Shanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.,Shanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Liguo Tong
- Shanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Han Wang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Mali Feng
- Shanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.,Shanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaohu Xi
- Shanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.,Shanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Pan He
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhou L, Wu X, Yang F, Zhang M, Huang R, Liu J. Characterization of Molecular Species and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Purified Phospholipids from Antarctic Krill Oil. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:124. [PMID: 33669109 DOI: 10.3390/md19030124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The phospholipids (PLs) from Antarctic krill oil were purified (>97.2%) using adsorption column chromatography. Forty-nine PL molecular species were characterized by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Most of molecular species contained eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5), and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4). Notably, a special species PC (20:5/22:6) (1298.17 nmol/g) and many ether PLs were detected. The Antarctic krill PL liposome (IC50 = 0.108 mg/mL) showed better anti-inflammatory activity than crude Antarctic krill oil (IC50 = 0.446 mg/mL). It could block NF-κB signaling pathway via suppression of IκB-α degradation and p65 activation and dose-dependently reduce the cellular content of inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, it can suppress carrageenan-induced mouse paw swelling. Results from the present study could provide a reference for better evaluation of nutritional and medicinal values of Antarctic krill oil.
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen LL, Lai CJS, Mao LY, Yin BW, Tian M, Jin BL, Wei XY, Chen JL, Ge H, Zhao X, Li WY, Guo J, Cui GH, Huang LQ. Chemical constituents in different parts of seven species of Aconitum based on UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 193:113713. [PMID: 33160222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aconitum L., the main source of Aconitum medicinal materials, is rich in diterpenoid alkaloids. Several drugs derived from diterpenoid alkaloids are widely used to the current clinical treatment of pain, inflammation, and other symptoms. This paper aims to clarify the main metabolites and distribution of diterpenoid alkaloids in different parts of Aconitum plants. To that end, 7 species of Aconitum from three subgenera were analyzed by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS under identical conditions. The fragmentation regularity of various types of diterpene alkaloids were determined and a total of 126 metabolites were identified by comparing the reference material and secondary mass spectrometry, with the literature. 67, 49, 17, 41, 14, 17 and 21 metabolites were identified from Aconitum carmichaeli, Aconitum stylosum, Aconitum sinomontanum, Aconitum vilmorinianum, Aconitum pendulum, Aconitum tanguticum and Aconitum gymnandrum, respectively. Meanwhile, the structure type of A. carmichaeli, A. stylosum, A. vilmorinianum, A. pendulum, A. gymnandrum were identified as C19 type, A. sinomontanum was C18 type, while A. tanguticum was C20 type. A high similarity of metabolites was found between A. stylosum and A. vilmorinianum. The quantitative analysis of 19 compounds and the relative peak area of all metabolites which obtained through internal standard berberine, highlighted compounds like karakoline, talatisamine and atisine as references for future study of metabolic pathways. Furthermore, results from metabolites distribution and relative peak area analysis suggest that the leaf of A. carmichaeli, the leaf and stem of A. stylosum and A. vilmorinianum, and the flower of A. pendulum have potential as medicinal resources and are worth further development. These results establish a foundation for the comprehensive utilization of Aconitum resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Liu-Ying Mao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bi-Wei Yin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mei Tian
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bao-Long Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xu-Ya Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jin-Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hui Ge
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Li
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Tibetan Medicine Research Center,Xining,810001,China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Guang-Hong Cui
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Deng Y, Yao H, Chen W, Wei H, Li X, Zhang F, Gao S, Man H, Chen J, Tao X, Li M, Chen W. Profiling of polar urine metabolite extracts from Chinese colorectal cancer patients to screen for potential diagnostic and adverse-effect biomarkers. J Cancer 2020; 11:6925-6938. [PMID: 33123283 PMCID: PMC7592006 DOI: 10.7150/jca.47631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolomics has demonstrated its potential in the early diagnosis, drug safety evaluation and personalized toxicology research of various cancers. Objectives: We aim to screen for potential diagnostic and capecitabine-related adverse effect (CRAE) biomarkers from urinary endogenous metabolites in Chinese colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods: The metabolic profiles of 139 CRC patients and 50 non-neoplastic controls were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results: There were 41 metabolites identified between the CRC patients and the non-neoplastic controls, and 19 metabolites were identified between CRC patients with and without CRAE. Based on these identified metabolites, bioinformatic analysis and prediction model construction were completed. Most of these differential metabolites have important roles in cell proliferation and differentiation and the immune system. Based on binary logistic regression, a CRC prediction model, composed of 3-methylhistidine, N-heptanoylglycine, N1,N12-diacetylspermine and hippurate, was established, with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.980 (95% CI: 0.953-1.000; sensitivity: 94.3%; specificity: 92.0%) in the training set, and an AUC of 0.968 (95% CI: 0.933-1.000; sensitivity: 89.9%; specificity: 92.0%) in the testing set. In addition, methionine and 4-pyridoxic acid can be combined to predict hand foot syndrome, with an AUC of 0.884; ubiquinone-1 and 4-pyridoxic acid can be combined to predict anemia, with an AUC of 0.889; and 5-acetamidovalerate and 3,4-methylenesebacic acid can be combined to predict neutropenia, with an AUC of 0.882. Conclusion: The profiling of urine polar metabolites has great potential in the early detection of CRC and the prediction of CRAE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China, 200003
| | - Houshan Yao
- Department of Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China, 200003
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China, 200003
| | - Hua Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China, 200003
| | - Xinxing Li
- Department of Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China, 200003
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China, 200003
| | - Shouhong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China, 200003
| | - Huan Man
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China, 200003
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Jiangxi Province, China, 336000
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China, 200003
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Jiangxi Province, China, 336000
| | - Xia Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China, 200003
| | - Mingming Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China, 200003
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China, 200003
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China, 201203
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sun LL, Bai HY, Zheng WH, Wang LY, Zhao W, Li JY, Shi YB, Yang ZG. [Metabolomics study of Danggui Buxue Tang on treatment of type 2 diabetes mice using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:636-644. [PMID: 32237524 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20191105.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS)-based metabolomics approach was used to explore the mechanism of Danggui Buxue Tang(DBT) in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM). T2 DM mice model was induced by high-sugar and high-fat fodder and streptozotocin(STZ). The routine indexes such as body weight, blood glucose, plasma insulin, IL-6 and related organ indexes were determined. The UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique was used to analyze the metabolism profile of serum samples between the control group and model group, and multiple statistical analysis methods including principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were used to screen and identify biomarkers. Metabolic profiling revealed 16 metabolites as the most potential biomarkers distinguishing mice in model group from those in control group. The metabolomics pathway analysis(MetPA) was used to investigate the underlying metabolic pathways. Seven major metabolic pathways such the valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid. Eleven metabolites such as taurocholic acid and palmitic acid were down-regulated in T2 DM mice, and five metabolites such as L-leucine and leukotriene E4 were up-regulated. Moreover, the sixteen biomar-kers of each administration group had a trend of returning to mice in control group. The significantly-altered metabolite levels indicated that DBT can improve the progression of type 2 diabetes by increasing insulin sensitivity, regulating sugar and lipid metabolism disorders, and relieving inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hai-Ying Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wen-Hui Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li-Yao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jian-Yin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan-Bin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Deng W, Rao J, Chen X, Li D, Zhang Z, Liu D, Liu J, Wang Y, Huang O. Metabolomics study of serum and urine samples reveals metabolic pathways and biomarkers associated with pelvic organ prolapse. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1136:121882. [PMID: 31809960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common medical condition among women and involves complicated diagnostics and controversial surgical management. The exact molecular mechanism underlying POP is poorly understood, especially at the metabolism level. To explore the metabolic mechanism underlying POP and discover potential biomarkers for POP diagnosis, we applied a non-targeted metabolomics approach using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Metabolomics study of serum samples from patients with POP (n = 24) and controls (n = 22) revealed a total of 59 metabolites that are significantly different (VIP ≥ 1 and p ≤ 0.05) between the two groups. Between urine samples from POP patients (n = 45) and controls (n = 59), 33 metabolites differed significantly (VIP ≥ 1 and p ≤ 0.05). Metabolic pathways affected by these differentially expressed metabolites were analyzed. In both serum and urine samples, three pathways including arginine biosynthesis and purine metabolism were found to be significantly related to POP. Six metabolites including GPC, 1-methyladenosine, maleic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid, inosine, and citrate are significantly changed (VIP ≥ 1 and p ≤ 0.05) in both serum and urine samples from patients with POP. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis showed that using these six metabolites as a biomarker could distinguish patients with POP from controls with good accuracy in both serum (AUC = 1) and urine samples (AUC = 0.854). Collectively, these results further extended our understanding of key regulatory metabolic pathways involved in the pathophysiology of POP, as well as provided some promising biomarkers for effective POP diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Rao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Jiangxi Cancer Center, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Jiangxi Cancer Center, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Dongqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yaoqing Wang
- Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ouping Huang
- Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhao XJ, Xing TT, Li YF, Jiao BN. Analysis of phytochemical contributors to antioxidant capacity of the peel of Chinese mandarin and orange varieties. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:825-833. [PMID: 30907199 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1587743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemicals in the peel of six oranges and ten mandarins including seven wild varieties and three cultivars were systematically characterised using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, and the correlation analysis was performed between phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity in order to investigate the phytochemical contributors to antioxidant capacity. The gradient elution was completed within 16 min and 92 compounds were undoubtedly or tentatively identified. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacities were determined using ABTS, DPPH and FRAP methods. The number of compounds, their contents and the antioxidant capacities were sequenced in the same order of the wild mandarins > cultivated mandarins > oranges. The correlation analysis that showed five compounds were significantly correlated with the antioxidant capacity and can act as main contributors to the citrus varieties with high antioxidant capacities. This study is systematic for the metabolites identification of mandarins and oranges and provides valuable information for effective utilisation of citrus peel and their bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University , Chongqing , P. R. China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University , Chongqing , P. R. China
| | - Tian Tian Xing
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University , Chongqing , P. R. China
| | - Yuan Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University , Chongqing , P. R. China
| | - Bi Ning Jiao
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University , Chongqing , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yao YF, Lin CZ, Liu FL, Zhang RJ, Zhang QY, Huang T, Zou YS, Wang MQ, Zhu CC. Identification and Pharmacokinetic Studies on Complanatuside and Its Major Metabolites in Rats by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010071. [PMID: 30585251 PMCID: PMC6337141 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies on complanatuside, a quality marker of a Chinese materia medicatonic, Semen Astragali Complanati, were carried out. The UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry) method was applied to identify the metabolites of complanatuside in rat plasma, bile, stool, and urine after oral administration at the dosage of 72 mg/kg. Up to 34 metabolites (parent, 2 metabolites of the parent drug, and 31 metabolites of the degradation products) were observed, including processes of demethylation, hydroxylation, glucuronidation, sulfonation, and dehydration. The results indicated glucuronidation and sulfonation as major metabolic pathways of complanatuside in vivo. Meanwhile, a HPLC-MS method to quantify complanatuside and its two major metabolites—rhamnocitrin 3-O-β-glc and rhamnocitrin—in rat plasma for the pharmacokinetic analysis was developed and validated. The Tmax (time to reach the maximum drug concentration) of the above three compounds were 1 h, 3 h, and 5.3 h, respectively, while the Cmax (maximum plasma concentrations)were 119.15 ng/mL, 111.64 ng/mL, and 1122.18 ng/mL, and AUC(0-t) (area under the plasma concentration-time curve) was 143.52 µg/L·h, 381.73 µg/L·h, and 6540.14 µg/L·h, accordingly. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of complanatuside and its two metabolites suggested that complanatuside rapidly metabolized in vivo, while its metabolites—rhamnocitrin—was the main existent form in rat plasma after oral administration. The results of intracorporal processes, existing forms, and pharmacokinetic characteristics of complanatuside in rats supported its low bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Yao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Rd, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Chao-Zhan Lin
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Rd, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Fang-Le Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Rd, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Run-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Rd, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Qiu-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Rd, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Rd, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Yuan-Sheng Zou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Rd, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Mei-Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Rd, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Chen-Chen Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Rd, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhao Q, Zhao N, Ye X, He M, Yang Y, Gao H, Zhang X. Rapid discrimination between red and white ginseng based on unique mass-spectrometric features. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 164:202-210. [PMID: 30391809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Red ginseng (RG) and white ginseng (WG), two processed products of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, are in high demand due to their unique features. In this study, some of these unique features were identified and confirmed as biomarkers of RG by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, data mining, support vector machine, and artificial neural network. Principal component analysis showed clear separation between the RG and WG extracts, indicating the presence of potential discriminators. In addition, 20 features that are dominant in RG were found by data mining. Samples of Panax quinquefolium (PQ) and Panax notoginseng (PN), close relatives of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer, were investigated and it was found that 17 features which were absent in PQ and PN samples, were present in RG and WG. Five of these markers were identified as nitrogen-containing compounds that have not been previously reported. Finally, we found that RG can be identified among different ginseng medicinal herbs including RG, WG, PQ, and PN samples, by loading four feature markers corresponding to nitrogen-containing compounds into a discriminating model, based on a support vector machine or an artificial neural network. Thus, this study provides an efficient tool to identify RG during pharmacological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - Nan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - Xueting Ye
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - Meixi He
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - Yiren Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mi J, Han Y, Xu Y, Kou J, Li WJ, Wang JR, Jiang ZH. Deep Profiling of Immunosuppressive Glycosphingolipids and Sphingomyelins in Wild Cordyceps. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:8991-8998. [PMID: 30059214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Deep profiling of glycosphingolipids and sphingomyelins in wild Cordyceps was carried out by using offline chromatographic enrichment followed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-ultrahigh definition-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-UHD-Q-TOF-MS). A total of 119 glycosphingolipids (72 new ones) and 87 sphingomyelins (43 new ones) were identified from wild Cordyceps on the basis of the accurate mass and MS/MS fragmentations, isotope patterns, sphingolipid (SPL) database matching, confirmation by SPL standards, and the reversed-phase liquid chromatographic retention rule. This study is the most comprehensive report on the identification of glycosphingolipids and sphingomyelins from fungus. A subsequent lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse splenic lymphocyte proliferation assay showed that the Cordyceps glycosphingolipid fraction exhibits higher immunosuppressive activity compared to that of Cordyceps sphingomyelins. Our findings provided insight into the chemical diversity of sphingolipids in Cordyceps and chemical evidence for the therapeutic application of wild Cordyceps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health , Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau , China
| | - Yuwei Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM , China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Road , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Yingqiong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM , China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Road , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM , China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Road , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Wen-Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine , China HEC Pharm Co. Ltd , Guangdong 523850 , China
| | - Jing-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health , Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau , China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health , Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau , China
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Xie Q, Zhao H, Li N, Su L, Xu X, Hong Z. Protective effects of timosaponin BII on oxidative stress damage in PC12 cells based on metabolomics. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4321. [PMID: 29920723 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peroxide and oxygen free radicals are some of the causes of oxidative stress in brain tissue, and could lead to the change of brain structure and function. In addition, oxidative damage is one of the most important causes of the aging of the vast majority of tissues. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of timosaponin BII on oxidative stress damage of PC12 induced by H2 O2 using metabolomics based on the UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis method was used to identify 35 metabolites as decisive marker compounds in a preliminary interpretation of the mechanism of the antioxidative effect of timosaponin BII. The majority of these metabolites are involved in the glutathione metabolism, amino acid metabolism, sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Our results suggest that timosaponin BII demonstrates systematic antioxidant effects in the PC12 oxidative damage cell model via the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways. These findings provide insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying oxidative stress damage and suggest innovative and effective treatments for this disorder, providing a reliable basis for the development of novel therapeutic target in timosaponin BII treatment of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinmei Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Su
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanying Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liao M, Song G, Cheng X, Diao X, Sun Y, Zhang L. Simultaneous Determination of Six Coumarins in Rat Plasma and Metabolites Identification of Bergapten in Vitro and in Vivo. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:4602-4613. [PMID: 29663811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coumarins are abundant in Umbelliferae and Rutaceae plants possessing varied pharmacological activities. The objectives of this study are to develop and validate the method for determination of six coumarins in rat plasma by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and identify the metabolites of bergapten by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS), respectively. Data-dependent acquisition mode (DDA) was applied to trigger enhanced product ion (EPI) scans by analyzing multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) signals. An efficient data processing method "key product ions (KPIs)" was used for rapid detection and identification of metabolites as an assistant tool. The time to reach the maximum plasma concentration ( Tmax) for the six compounds ranged from 1 to 6 h. A total of 24 metabolites of bergapten were detected in vitro and in vivo. The results could provide a basis for absorption and metabolism of coumarins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , 361 East Zhongshan Road , Shijiazhuang , Hebei 050017 , P. R. China
| | - Gengshen Song
- Beijing Youcare Kechuang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. , Yongchangbahao Tech Plaza No. 3, Yongchang North Road BDA , Beijing , 100176 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoye Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , 361 East Zhongshan Road , Shijiazhuang , Hebei 050017 , P. R. China
| | - Xinpeng Diao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , 361 East Zhongshan Road , Shijiazhuang , Hebei 050017 , P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , 361 East Zhongshan Road , Shijiazhuang , Hebei 050017 , P. R. China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , 361 East Zhongshan Road , Shijiazhuang , Hebei 050017 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Diao X, Liao M, Cheng X, Liang C, Sun Y, Zhang X, Zhang L. Identification of metabolites of Helicid in vivo using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4263. [PMID: 29669394 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Helicid is an active natural aromatic phenolic glycoside ingredient originating from a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine and has the significant effects of sedative hypnosis, anti-inflammatory analgesia and antidepressant. In this study, we analyzed the potential metabolites of Helicid in rats by multiple mass defect filter and dynamic background subtraction in ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Moreover, we used a novel data processing method, 'key product ions', to rapidly detect and identify metabolites as an assistant tool. MetabolitePilot™ 2.0 software and PeakView™ 2.2 software were used for analyzing metabolites. Twenty metabolites of Helicid (including 15 phase I metabolites and five phase II metabolites) were detected by comparison with the blank samples. The biotransformation route of Helicid was identified as demethylation, oxidation, dehydroxylation, hydrogenation, decarbonylation, glucuronide conjugation and methylation. This is the first study simultaneously detecting and identifying Helicid metabolism in rats employing UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology. This experiment not only proposed a method for rapidly detecting and identifying metabolites, but also provided useful information for further study of the pharmacology and mechanism of Helicid in vivo. Furthermore, it provided an effective method for the analysis of other aromatic phenolic glycosides metabolic components in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Diao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoye Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Caijuan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zabela V, Hettich T, Schlotterbeck G, Wimmer L, Mihovilovic MD, Guillet F, Bouaita B, Shevchenko B, Hamburger M, Oufir M. GABA A receptor activity modulating piperine analogs: In vitro metabolic stability, metabolite identification, CYP450 reaction phenotyping, and protein binding. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1072:379-89. [PMID: 29227934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In a screening of natural products for allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors (γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor), piperine was identified as a compound targeting a benzodiazepine-independent binding site. Given that piperine is also an activator of TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1) receptors involved in pain signaling and thermoregulation, a series of piperine analogs were prepared in several cycles of structural optimization, with the aim of separating GABAA and TRPV1 activating properties. We here investigated the metabolism of piperine and selected analogs in view of further cycles of lead optimization. Metabolic stability of the compounds was evaluated by incubation with pooled human liver microsomes, and metabolites were analyzed by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. CYP450 isoenzymes involved in metabolism of compounds were identified by reaction phenotyping with Silensomes™. Unbound fraction in whole blood was determined by rapid equilibrium dialysis. Piperine was the metabolically most stable compound. Aliphatic hydroxylation, and N- and O-dealkylation were the major routes of oxidative metabolism. Piperine was exclusively metabolized by CYP1A2, whereas CYP2C9 contributed significantly in the oxidative metabolism of all analogs. Extensive binding to blood constituents was observed for all compounds.
Collapse
|
41
|
Liao M, Cheng X, Diao X, Sun Y, Zhang L. Metabolites identificaion of two bioactive constituents in Trollius ledebourii in rats using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1068-1069:297-312. [PMID: 29127056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Orientin and vitexin, 4'-hydroxyl-2-phenylchromen-4-one, are both major flavones derivatives found in Trollius ledebourii possessing definite pharmacological activities. In this study, in vitro metabolisms investigated on rat liver microsomes (RLMs) and in vivo metabolisms explored on Male Sprague Dawley rats of orientin and vitexin were tested, respectively. A systematic method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was developed to characterize metabolites by means of electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry in positive ion mode. An on-line data acquisition method multiple mass defect filter (MMDF) combined with dynamic background subtraction (DBS) was developed to observe probable relevant metabolites. By comparison of chromatographic behaviors with reference substances, exact protonated ions, MS/MS fragment ions and relevant literature, a total of 12 metabolites of orientin and 23 metabolites of vitexin were detected, respectively, which suggested that orientin is more metabolically stable than vitexin. Oxidation, methylation, acetylation, reduction, loss of C6H10O5 and glucuronide conjugation were the major biotransformation routes of both of them in rats. More significant, glutamine conjugation, loss of CO and loss of CH2O were the unique metabolic pathways of vitexin compared with that of orientin for the first time. Besides, most metabolites were observed in rat urine and feces, implying that urine and feces were the active metabolic places for flavones. This is the first study on metabolisms of orientin and vitexin in vitro and in vivo simultaneously and the proposed metabolic pathways of them might provide further understanding of their pharmacological mechanisms and later study on their excretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University,361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China
| | - Xiaoye Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University,361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China
| | - Xinpeng Diao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University,361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China
| | - Yupeng Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University,361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University,361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yuan L, Liang C, Diao X, Cheng X, Liao M, Zhang L. Metabolism studies on hydroxygenkwanin and genkwanin in human liver microsomes by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:332-341. [PMID: 28415902 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1319991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxygenkwanin (HYGN) and genkwanin (GN) are major constituents of Genkwa Flos for the treatment of edema, ascites, cough, asthma and cancer. This is a report about the investigation of the metabolic fate of HYGN and GN in human liver microsomes and the recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). An on-line data acquisition method multiple mass defect filter (MMDF) combined with dynamic background subtraction (DBS) was developed to trace all probable metabolites. Based on this analytical strategy, three phase I metabolites and seven glucuronide conjugation metabolites of HYGN, seven phase I metabolites and 12 glucuronide conjugation metabolites of GN were identified in the incubation samples of human liver microsomes. The results indicated that demethylation, hydroxylation and o-glucuronidation were main metabolic pathways of HYGN and GN. The specific UGT enzymes responsible for HYGN and GN glucuronidation metabolites were identified using recombinant UGT enzymes. The results indicated that UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A9, UGT1A10 and UGT2B7 might play major roles in the glucuronidation reactions. Overall, this study may be useful for the investigation of metabolic mechanism of HYGN and GN, and it can provide reference and evidence for further experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| | - Caijuan Liang
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| | - Xinpeng Diao
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| | - Xiaoye Cheng
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| | - Man Liao
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhu M, Li N, Zhao M, Yu W, Wu JL. Metabolomic profiling delineate taste qualities of tea leaf pubescence. Food Res Int 2017; 94:36-44. [PMID: 28290365 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The amount of pubescence on leaf epidermis is an important morphological marker for the quality of green tea, and the tea with plenty of pubescence is generally recognized as having a better taste. However, there is no systematic study on chemical compositions of tea leaf pubescence. The contributions of pubescence to taste properties are far from clear. In this research, 114 components were identified from the tea leaf pubescence of yunkang 10, a broad-leaf tea cultivar with plenty leaf pubescence, for the first time with a non-targeted metabolomics approach using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Compared to the tea leaf with the pubescence removed (non-pubescent leaf), the pubescence obtained from the same shoots had relatively higher contents of amino acids and lower contents of polyphenols. It was also found that the umami of pubescence was elevated, while the bitterness and astringency were significantly declined. Partial least-squares (PLS) analysis suggested that the polyphenols and amino acids accounted for the taste quality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the metabolites in tea leaf pubescence were profiled. The results offer the direct concrete evidence on the contributions of pubescence to the tea taste properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macau, China.
| | - Ming Zhao
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Wenliang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macau, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liang Y, Wu JL, Leung ELH, Zhou H, Liu Z, Yan G, Liu Y, Liu L, Li N. Identification of Oxygenated Fatty Acid as a Side Chain of Lipo-Alkaloids in Aconitum carmichaelii by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and a Database. Molecules 2016; 21:437. [PMID: 27043515 PMCID: PMC6273321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipo-alkaloid is a kind of C19-norditerpenoid alkaloid usually found in Aconitum species. Structurally, they contain an aconitane skeleton and one or two fatty acid moieties of 3–25 carbon chains with 1–6 unsaturated degrees. Analysis of the lipo-alkaloids in roots of Aconitum carmichaelii resulted in the isolation of six known pure lipo-alkaloids (A1–A6) and a lipo-alkaloid mixture (A7). The mixture shared the same aconitane skeleton of 14-benzoylmesaconine, but their side chains were determined to be 9-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid, 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid and 10-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid, respectively, by MS/MS analysis after alkaline hydrolysis. To our knowledge, this is the first time of the reporting of the oxygenated fatty acids as the side chains in naturally-occurring lipo-alkaloids. In order to identify more lipo-alkaloids, a compound database was established based on various combinations between the aconitane skeleton and the fatty acid chain, and then, the identification of lipo-alkaloids was conducted using the database, UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and MS/MS. Finally, 148 lipo-alkaloids were identified from A. carmichaelii after intensive MS/MS analysis, including 93 potential new compounds and 38 compounds with oxygenated fatty acid moieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
- School of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Guanyu Yan
- School of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medicinal Sciences and Nursing, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gu WY, Li N, Leung ELH, Zhou H, Yao XJ, Liu L, Wu JL. Rapid identification of new minor chemical constituents from Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma by combined use of UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, preparative HPLC and UHPLC-SPE-NMR-MS techniques. Phytochem Anal 2015; 26:428-35. [PMID: 26183111 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Herbs are an important resource for new drug development. However, the conventional approach for the discovery of new compounds from herbs was time-consuming, tedious, and inefficient. OBJECTIVES Establish a quick approach to identify new minor constituents in herbs. METHODS The constituents in herbs were firstly analysed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Based on the accurate masses, isotopic ions, and the characteristic fragmentation ions in the mass spectra, the molecular compositions and possible structures of compounds were first deduced. After being enriched by a preparative HPLC method, the potential new minor structures were definitely identified by an on-line UHPLC-solid phase extraction-nuclear magnetic resonance-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-SPE-NMR-MS) approach. RESULTS By combined the use of UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, preparative HPLC and UHPLC-SPE-NMR, three new minor compounds were definitely identified as bis-3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropanoid-substituted catechins (A2 and A3) and 4″-formyl-astilbin (B5). In addition, five isomers of bis-dihydroxyphenylpropanoid-substituted catechin (A1, A4-A7), four isomers of 4″-formyl-astilbin (B1-B4), engeletin formates and isomers (C1-C5), formyl-cinchonains (D1-D4), formyl-caffeoylshikimic acid (E1-E4) were also tentatively determined by MS and MS/MS characterisation. CONCLUSION The combination of UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, preparative HPLC and UHPLC-SPE-NMR-MS techniques is a quick and effective approach for finding new minor constitutes from herbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
- Faculty of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Xiao-Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Madala NE, Piater LA, Steenkamp PA, Dubery IA. Multivariate statistical models of metabolomic data reveals different metabolite distribution patterns in isonitrosoacetophenone-elicited Nicotiana tabacum and Sorghum bicolor cells. Springerplus 2014; 3:254. [PMID: 24936386 PMCID: PMC4044000 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Isonitrosoacetophenone (INAP, 2-keto-2-phenyl-acetaldoxime) is a novel inducer of plant defense. Oxime functional groups are rare in natural products, but can serve as substrates depending on existing secondary pathways. Changes in the metabolomes of sorghum and tobacco cells treated with INAP were investigated and chemometric tools and multivariate statistical analysis were used to investigate the changes in metabolite distribution patterns resulting from INAP elicitation. Liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) supplied unique chemical fingerprints that were generated in response to specific metabolomic events. Principal component analysis (PCA) together with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and Metabolic Trees were used for data visualization. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and shared and unique structure (SUS) plots were exploited in parallel to reveal the changes in the metabolomes. PCA indicated that the cells responded differentially to INAP through changes in the metabolite profiles. Furthermore, HCA and Metabolic Trees showed that INAP induced metabolic perturbations in both cell lines and that homeostasis was re-established over time. OPLS-DA-based shared and unique structure (SUS) plots confirmed the results and revealed differences in the metabolites distribution patterns between tobacco and sorghum cells. Chemometric analyses of metabolomic data offers insight into changes in metabolism in response to chemical elicitation. Although similar, the response in sorghum cells was found to be more consistent and well-coordinated when compared to tobacco cells, indicative of the differences in secondary metabolism between cyanogenic and non-cyanogenic plants for oxime metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ntakadzeni E Madala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006 South Africa
| | - Lizelle A Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006 South Africa
| | - Paul A Steenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006 South Africa ; BioSciences division, CSIR, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
| | - Ian A Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|