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de Vries YA, Harris MG, Vigo D, Chiu WT, Sampson NA, Al-Hamzawi A, Alonso J, Andrade LH, Benjet C, Bruffaerts R, Bunting B, de Almeida JMC, de Girolamo G, Florescu S, Gureje O, Haro JM, Hu C, Karam EG, Kawakami N, Kovess-Masfety V, Lee S, Moskalewicz J, Navarro-Mateu F, Ojagbemi A, Posada-Villa J, Scott K, Torres Y, Zarkov Z, Nierenberg A, Kessler RC, de Jonge P. Perceived helpfulness of treatment for specific phobia: Findings from the World Mental Health Surveys. J Affect Disord 2021; 288:199-209. [PMID: 33940429 PMCID: PMC8154701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although randomized trials show that specific phobia treatments can be effective, it is unclear whether patients experience treatment as helpful in clinical practice. We investigated this issue by assessing perceived treatment helpfulness for specific phobia in a cross-national epidemiological survey. METHODS Cross-sectional population-based WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys in 24 countries (n=112,507) assessed lifetime specific phobia. Respondents who met lifetime criteria were asked whether they ever received treatment they considered helpful and the number of professionals seen up to the time of receiving helpful treatment. Discrete-event survival analysis was used to calculate conditional-cumulative probabilities of obtaining helpful treatment across number of professionals seen and of persisting in help-seeking after prior unhelpful treatment. RESULTS 23.0% of respondents reported receiving helpful treatment from the first professional seen, whereas cumulative probability of receiving helpful treatment was 85.7% after seeing up to 9 professionals. However, only 14.7% of patients persisted in seeing up to 9 professionals, resulting in the proportion of patients ever receiving helpful treatment (47.5%) being much lower than it could have been with persistence in help-seeking. Few predictors were found either of perceived helpfulness or of persistence in help-seeking after earlier unhelpful treatments. LIMITATIONS Retrospective recall and lack of information about either types of treatments received or objective symptomatic improvements limit results. CONCLUSIONS Despite these limitations, results suggest that helpfulness of specific phobia treatment could be increased, perhaps substantially, by increasing patient persistence in help-seeking after earlier unhelpful treatments. Improved understanding is needed of barriers to help-seeking persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ymkje Anna de Vries
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, NL; Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, NL
| | - Meredith G. Harris
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Vigo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wai Tat Chiu
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy A. Sampson
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ali Al-Hamzawi
- College of Medicine, Al-Qadisiya University, Diwaniya governorate, Iraq
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura H. Andrade
- Núcleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiatrica - LIM 23, Instituto de Psiquiatria Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil Section of Psychiatric Epidemiology - LIM 23, Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Corina Benjet
- Department of Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brendan Bunting
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - José Miguel Caldas de Almeida
- Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health and Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Silvia Florescu
- National School of Public Health, Management and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oye Gureje
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychology, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chiyi Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health & Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Elie G. Karam
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Balamand University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon; Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Viviane Kovess-Masfety
- Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique (EHESP), EA 4057, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Sing Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | | | - Fernando Navarro-Mateu
- UDIF-SM, Servicio Murciano de Salud. IMIB-Arrixaca. CIBERESP-Murcia, Región de Murcia, Spain
| | - Akin Ojagbemi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - José Posada-Villa
- Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bogota, Colombia (Cundinamarca University, calle 28 # 5B 02, Bogotá, 11001000 (zip), Colombia)
| | - Kate Scott
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Yolanda Torres
- Center for Excellence on Research in Mental Health, CES University, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Zahari Zarkov
- Department of Mental Health, National Center of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Andrew Nierenberg
- Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter de Jonge
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, NL; Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, NL
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Scott KM, de Vries YA, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Al-Hamzawi A, Alonso J, Bromet EJ, Bunting B, Caldas-de-Almeida JM, Cía A, Florescu S, Gureje O, Hu CY, Karam EG, Karam A, Kawakami N, Kessler RC, Lee S, McGrath J, Oladeji B, Posada-Villa J, Stein DJ, Zarkov Z, de Jonge P; World Mental Health Surveys collaborators. Intermittent explosive disorder subtypes in the general population: association with comorbidity, impairment and suicidality. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2020; 29:e138. [PMID: 32638683 DOI: 10.1017/S2045796020000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) is characterised by impulsive anger attacks that vary greatly across individuals in severity and consequence. Understanding IED subtypes has been limited by lack of large, general population datasets including assessment of IED. Using the 17-country World Mental Health surveys dataset, this study examined whether behavioural subtypes of IED are associated with differing patterns of comorbidity, suicidality and functional impairment. METHODS IED was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview in the World Mental Health surveys (n = 45 266). Five behavioural subtypes were created based on type of anger attack. Logistic regression assessed association of these subtypes with lifetime comorbidity, lifetime suicidality and 12-month functional impairment. RESULTS The lifetime prevalence of IED in all countries was 0.8% (s.e.: 0.0). The two subtypes involving anger attacks that harmed people ('hurt people only' and 'destroy property and hurt people'), collectively comprising 73% of those with IED, were characterised by high rates of externalising comorbid disorders. The remaining three subtypes involving anger attacks that destroyed property only, destroyed property and threatened people, and threatened people only, were characterised by higher rates of internalising than externalising comorbid disorders. Suicidal behaviour did not vary across the five behavioural subtypes but was higher among those with (v. those without) comorbid disorders, and among those who perpetrated more violent assaults. CONCLUSIONS The most common IED behavioural subtypes in these general population samples are associated with high rates of externalising disorders. This contrasts with the findings from clinical studies of IED, which observe a preponderance of internalising disorder comorbidity. This disparity in findings across population and clinical studies, together with the marked heterogeneity that characterises the diagnostic entity of IED, suggests that it is a disorder that requires much greater research.
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Harris MG, Bharat C, Glantz MD, Sampson NA, Al‐Hamzawi A, Alonso J, Bruffaerts R, Caldas de Almeida JM, Cia AH, Girolamo G, Florescu S, Gureje O, Haro JM, Hinkov H, Karam EG, Karam G, Lee S, Lépine J, Levinson D, Makanjuola V, McGrath J, Mneimneh Z, Navarro‐Mateu F, Piazza M, Posada‐Villa J, Rapsey C, Tachimori H, Have M, Torres Y, Viana MC, Chatterji S, Zaslavsky AM, Kessler RC, Degenhardt L. Cross-national patterns of substance use disorder treatment and associations with mental disorder comorbidity in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Addiction 2019; 114:1446-1459. [PMID: 30835879 PMCID: PMC7408310 DOI: 10.1111/add.14599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To examine cross-national patterns of 12-month substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and minimally adequate treatment (MAT), and associations with mental disorder comorbidity. DESIGN Cross-sectional, representative household surveys. SETTING Twenty-seven surveys from 25 countries of the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2446 people with past-year DSM-IV SUD diagnoses (alcohol or illicit drug abuse and dependence). MEASUREMENTS Outcomes were SUD treatment, defined as having either received professional treatment or attended a self-help group for substance-related problems in the past 12 months, and MAT, defined as having either four or more SUD treatment visits to a health-care professional, six or more visits to a non-health-care professional or being in ongoing treatment at the time of interview. Covariates were mental disorder comorbidity and several socio-economic characteristics. Pooled estimates reflect country sample sizes rather than population sizes. FINDINGS Of respondents with past-year SUD, 11.0% [standard error (SE) = 0.8] received past 12-month SUD treatment. SUD treatment was more common among people with comorbid mental disorders than with pure SUDs (18.1%, SE = 1.6 versus 6.8%, SE = 0.7), as was MAT (84.0%, SE = 2.5 versus 68.3%, SE = 3.8) and treatment by health-care professionals (88.9%, SE = 1.9 versus 78.8%, SE = 3.0) among treated SUD cases. Adjusting for socio-economic characteristics, mental disorder comorbidity doubled the odds of SUD treatment [odds ratio (OR) = 2.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.71-3.20], MAT among SUD cases (OR = 2.75; 95% CI = 1.90-3.97) and MAT among treated cases (OR = 2.48; 95% CI = 1.23-5.02). Patterns were similar within country income groups, although the proportions receiving SUD treatment and MAT were higher in high- than low-/middle-income countries. CONCLUSIONS Few people with past-year substance use disorders receive adequate 12-month substance use disorder treatment, even when comorbid with a mental disorder. This is largely due to the low proportion of people receiving any substance use disorder treatment, as the proportion of patients whose treatment is at least minimally adequate is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith G. Harris
- School of Public HealthThe University of Queensland Herston QLD Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health ResearchThe Park Centre for Mental Health QLD Australia
| | - Chrianna Bharat
- National Drug and Alcohol Research CentreUniversity of New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | - Meyer D. Glantz
- Department of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research (DESPR)National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD USA
| | - Nancy A. Sampson
- Department of Health Care PolicyHarvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Ali Al‐Hamzawi
- College of Medicine, Al‐Qadisiya University, Diwaniya Governorate Iraq
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM‐Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute Barcelona Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) Barcelona Spain
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum–Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC‐KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg Leuven Belgium
| | - José Miguel Caldas de Almeida
- Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health and Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | | | | | - Silvia Florescu
- National School of Public Health, Management and Development Bucharest Romania
| | - Oye Gureje
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat Barcelona Spain
| | - Hristo Hinkov
- National Center of Public Health and Analyses Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Elie G. Karam
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of MedicineBalamand University Beirut Lebanon
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical PsychologySt George Hospital University Medical Center Beirut Lebanon
- Institute for Development Research Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC) Beirut Lebanon
| | - Georges Karam
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical PsychologySt George Hospital University Medical Center, Balamand University, Faculty of Medicine Beirut Lebanon
- Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC) Beirut Lebanon
| | - Sing Lee
- Department of PsychiatryChinese University of Hong Kong Tai Po Hong Kong
| | - Jean‐Pierre Lépine
- Hôpital Lariboisière‐Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Universités Paris Descartes‐Paris Diderot;INSERM UMR‐S 1144 Paris France
| | | | - Victor Makanjuola
- Department of Psychiatry, College of MedicineUniversity of Ibadan; University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria
| | - John McGrath
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health ResearchThe Park Centre for Mental Health Wacol QLD Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
- National Centre for Register‐Based ResearchAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Zeina Mneimneh
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social ResearchUniversity of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Fernando Navarro‐Mateu
- UDIF‐SM, Subdirección General de Planificación, Innovación y Cronicidad, Servicio Murciano de Salud, IMIB‐Arrixaca, CIBERESP‐ Murcia Murcia Spain
| | | | - José Posada‐Villa
- Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Faculty of Social Sciences Bogota Colombia
| | - Charlene Rapsey
- Department of Psychological MedicineUniversity of Otago, Dunedin School of Medicine Otago New Zealand
| | - Hisateru Tachimori
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira Tokyo Japan
| | - Margreet Have
- Trimbos‐Instituutthe Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Yolanda Torres
- Center for Excellence on Research in Mental HealthCES University Medellin Colombia
| | - Maria Carmen Viana
- Department of Social Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Public HealthFederal University of Espírito Santo Vitoria Brazil
| | - Somnath Chatterji
- Department of Information, Evidence and ResearchWorld Health Organization Geneva Switzerland
| | - Alan M. Zaslavsky
- Department of Health Care PolicyHarvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care PolicyHarvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research CentreUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
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Degenhardt L, Bharat C, Glantz MD, Sampson NA, Scott K, Lim CCW, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Al-Hamzawi A, Alonso J, Andrade LH, Bromet EJ, Bruffaerts R, Bunting B, de Girolamo G, Gureje O, Haro JM, Harris MG, He Y, de Jonge P, Karam EG, Karam GE, Kiejna A, Lee S, Lepine JP, Levinson D, Makanjuola V, Medina-Mora ME, Mneimneh Z, Navarro-Mateu F, Posada-Villa J, Stein DJ, Tachimori H, Torres Y, Zarkov Z, Chatterji S, Kessler RC. The epidemiology of drug use disorders cross-nationally: Findings from the WHO's World Mental Health Surveys. Int J Drug Policy 2019; 71:103-112. [PMID: 31255918 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Illicit drug use and associated disease burden are estimated to have increased over the past few decades, but large gaps remain in our knowledge of the extent of use of these drugs, and especially the extent of problem or dependent use, hampering confident cross-national comparisons. The World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys Initiative involves a standardised method for assessing mental and substance use disorders via structured diagnostic interviews in representative community samples of adults. We conducted cross-national comparisons of the prevalence and correlates of drug use disorders (DUDs) in countries of varied economic, social and cultural nature. METHODS AND FINDINGS DSM-IV DUDs were assessed in 27 WMH surveys in 25 countries. Across surveys, the prevalence of lifetime DUD was 3.5%, 0.7% in the past year. Lifetime DUD prevalence increased with country income: 0.9% in low/lower-middle income countries, 2.5% in upper-middle income countries, 4.8% in high-income countries. Significant differences in 12-month prevalence of DUDs were found across country in income groups in the entire cohort, but not when limited to users. DUDs were more common among men than women and younger than older respondents. Among those with a DUD and at least one other mental disorder, onset of the DUD was usually preceded by the 'other' mental disorder. CONCLUSIONS Substantial cross-national differences in DUD prevalence were found, reflecting myriad social, environmental, legal and other influences. Nonetheless, patterns of course and correlates of DUDs were strikingly consistent. These findings provide foundational data on country-level comparisons of DUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Chrianna Bharat
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Meyer D Glantz
- Department of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research (DESPR), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy A Sampson
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kate Scott
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Carmen C W Lim
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Queensland, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Ali Al-Hamzawi
- College of Medicine, Al-Qadisiya University, Diwaniya governorate, Iraq
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura H Andrade
- Núcleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiátrica - LIM 23, Instituto de Psiquiatria Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evelyn J Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brendan Bunting
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Oye Gureje
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meredith G Harris
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Queensland, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Yanling He
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter de Jonge
- Developmental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elie G Karam
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Institute for Development Research Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges E Karam
- Institute for Development Research Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Balamand University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Andrzej Kiejna
- Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; University of Lower Silesia, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sing Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Jean-Pierre Lepine
- Hôpital Lariboisière- Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Universités Paris Descartes-Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1144, Paris, France
| | - Daphna Levinson
- Mental Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Victor Makanjuola
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Zeina Mneimneh
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fernando Navarro-Mateu
- Unidad de Docencia, Investigación y Formación en Salud Mental (UDIF-SM), Servicio Murciano de Salud, Murcia, Spain; IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
| | - José Posada-Villa
- Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health and South African Medical Council Research Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hisateru Tachimori
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yolanda Torres
- Center for Excellence on Research in Mental Health, CES University, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Zahari Zarkov
- Directorate Mental Health, National Center of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Somnath Chatterji
- Department of Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Degenhardt L, Bharat C, Bruno R, Glantz MD, Sampson NA, Lago L, Aguilar‐Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Andrade LH, Bunting B, Caldas‐de‐Almeida JM, Cia AH, Gureje O, Karam EG, Khalaf M, McGrath JJ, Moskalewicz J, Lee S, Mneimneh Z, Navarro‐Mateu F, Sasu CC, Scott K, Torres Y, Poznyak V, Chatterji S, Kessler RC. Concordance between the diagnostic guidelines for alcohol and cannabis use disorders in the draft ICD-11 and other classification systems: analysis of data from the WHO's World Mental Health Surveys. Addiction 2019; 114:534-552. [PMID: 30370636 PMCID: PMC7059958 DOI: 10.1111/add.14482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The World Health Organization's (WHO's) proposed International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition (ICD-11) includes several major revisions to substance use disorder (SUD) diagnoses. It is essential to ensure the consistency of within-subject diagnostic findings throughout countries, languages and cultures. To date, agreement analyses between different SUD diagnostic systems have largely been based in high-income countries and clinical samples rather than general population samples. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of, and concordance between diagnoses using the ICD-11, The WHO's ICD 10th edition (ICD-10) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th and 5th editions (DSM-IV, DSM-5); the prevalence of disaggregated ICD-10 and ICD-11 symptoms; and variation in clinical features across diagnostic groups. DESIGN Cross-sectional household surveys. SETTING Representative surveys of the general population in 10 countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Iraq, Northern Ireland, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain) of the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. PARTICIPANTS Questions about SUDs were asked of 12 182 regular alcohol users and 1788 cannabis users. MEASUREMENTS Each survey used the World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0 (WMH-CIDI). FINDINGS Among regular alcohol users, prevalence (95% confidence interval) of life-time ICD-11 alcohol harmful use and dependence were 21.6% (20.5-22.6%) and 7.0% (6.4-7.7%), respectively. Among cannabis users, 9.3% (7.4-11.1%) met criteria for ICD-11 harmful use and 3.2% (2.3-4.0%) for dependence. For both substances, all comparisons of ICD-11 with ICD-10 and DSM-IV showed excellent concordance (all κ ≥ 0.9). Concordance between ICD-11 and DSM-5 ranged from good (for SUD and comparisons of dependence and severe SUD) to poor (for comparisons of harmful use and mild SUD). Very low endorsement rates were observed for new ICD-11 feature for harmful use ('harm to others'). Minimal variation in clinical features was observed across diagnostic systems. CONCLUSIONS The World Health Organization's proposed International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition (ICD-11) classifications for substance use disorder diagnoses are highly consistent with the ICD 10th edition and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV). Concordance between ICD-11 and the DSM 5th edition (DSM-5) varies, due largely to low levels of agreement for the ICD harmful use and DSM-5 mild use disorder. Diagnostic validity of self-reported 'harm to others' is questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC)UNSW Sydney Australia
| | - Chrianna Bharat
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC)UNSW Sydney Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- School of Medicine (Psychology)University of Tasmania Hobart Australia
| | - Meyer D. Glantz
- Department of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research (DESPR)National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute of Health (NIH) Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Nancy A. Sampson
- Department of Health Care PolicyHarvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Luise Lago
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC)UNSW Sydney Australia
| | | | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research UnitIMIM‐Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute Barcelona Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) Barcelona Spain
| | - Laura Helena Andrade
- Núcleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiátrica ‐ LIM 23Instituto de Psiquiatria Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
| | - Brendan Bunting
- School of PsychologyUlster University Londonderry United Kingdom
| | - Jose Miguel Caldas‐de‐Almeida
- Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health and Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências MédicasUniversidade Nova de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | | | - Oye Gureje
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Elie G. Karam
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of MedicineBalamand University Beirut Lebanon
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical PsychologySt George Hospital University Medical Center Beirut Lebanon
- Institute for Development Research Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC) Beirut Lebanon
| | | | - John J. McGrath
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health ResearchThe Park Centre for Mental Health Wacol Australia
- Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of Queensland St Lucia Australia
- National Centre for Register‐based ResearchAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | | | - Sing Lee
- Department of PsychiatryChinese University of Hong Kong Tai Po Hong Kong
| | - Zeina Mneimneh
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social ResearchUniversity of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Fernando Navarro‐Mateu
- Unidad de Docencia, Investigación y Formación en Salud Mental (UDIF‐SM)Servicio Murciano de Salud Murcia Spain
- IMIB‐Arrixaca Murcia Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Murcia Spain
| | - Carmen C. Sasu
- National School of Public HealthManagement and Professional Development Bucharest Romania
| | - Kate Scott
- Department of Psychological MedicineUniversity of Otago Dunedin Otago New Zealand
| | - Yolanda Torres
- Center for Excellence on Research in Mental HealthCES University Medellin Colombia
| | - Vladimir Poznyak
- Department of Mental Health and Substance AbuseWorld Health Organization Geneva Switzerland
| | - Somnath Chatterji
- Department of Information, Evidence and ResearchWorld Health Organization Geneva Switzerland
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care PolicyHarvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
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Scott KM, Lim CCW, Hwang I, Adamowski T, Al-Hamzawi A, Bromet E, Bunting B, Ferrand MP, Florescu S, Gureje O, Hinkov H, Hu C, Karam E, Lee S, Posada-Villa J, Stein D, Tachimori H, Viana MC, Xavier M, Kessler RC. The cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV intermittent explosive disorder. Psychol Med 2016; 46:3161-3172. [PMID: 27572872 PMCID: PMC5206971 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716001859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is the first cross-national study of intermittent explosive disorder (IED). METHOD A total of 17 face-to-face cross-sectional household surveys of adults were conducted in 16 countries (n = 88 063) as part of the World Mental Health Surveys initiative. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0) assessed DSM-IV IED, using a conservative definition. RESULTS Lifetime prevalence of IED ranged across countries from 0.1 to 2.7% with a weighted average of 0.8%; 0.4 and 0.3% met criteria for 12-month and 30-day prevalence, respectively. Sociodemographic correlates of lifetime risk of IED were being male, young, unemployed, divorced or separated, and having less education. The median age of onset of IED was 17 years with an interquartile range across countries of 13-23 years. The vast majority (81.7%) of those with lifetime IED met criteria for at least one other lifetime disorder; co-morbidity was highest with alcohol abuse and depression. Of those with 12-month IED, 39% reported severe impairment in at least one domain, most commonly social or relationship functioning. Prior traumatic experiences involving physical (non-combat) or sexual violence were associated with increased risk of IED onset. CONCLUSIONS Conservatively defined, IED is a low prevalence disorder but this belies the true societal costs of IED in terms of the effects of explosive anger attacks on families and relationships. IED is more common among males, the young, the socially disadvantaged and among those with prior exposure to violence, especially in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Scott
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - C. C. W. Lim
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - I. Hwang
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard University Medical School, 180 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - T. Adamowski
- Medical University of Wroclaw, L. Pasteur Str. 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A. Al-Hamzawi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Qadisia University, Diwaniya 00964, Iraq
| | - E. Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Putnam Hall – South Campus, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8790, USA
| | - B. Bunting
- University of Ulster, College Avenue, Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK
| | - M. P. Ferrand
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Honorio Delgado, Lima, Peru
| | - S. Florescu
- Health Services and Research Evaluation Center, National School of Public Health Management and Professional Development, 31 Vaselor Street, Bucharest, 021253, Romania
| | - O. Gureje
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, PMB 5116, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - H. Hinkov
- National Center for Public Health Protection, 15 Acad. Ivan Ev. Geshov blvd, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - C. Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health and Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, 13-15/F, Block B, No. 2019 Buxin Road, Luohu District, No. 1080 Cuizu Road, Luohu District, 518020, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - E. Karam
- St. George Hospital University Medical Center, Balamand University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy & Applied Care (IDRAAC), Medical Institute for Neuropsychological Disorders (MIND), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Institute for Development, Research Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), St. George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Ashrafieh 166378, Lebanon
| | - S. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Flat 7A, Block E, Staff Quarters, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - J. Posada-Villa
- Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, Cra 7 No. 119-14 Cons. 511, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - D. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - H. Tachimori
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - M. C. Viana
- Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Rua Dr Eurico de Aguiar 888/705, Vitoria, ES 29055-280, Brazil
| | - M. Xavier
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC) and Department of Mental Health, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R. C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard University Medical School, 180 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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7
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Stein DJ, McLaughlin KA, Koenen KC, Atwoli L, Friedman MJ, Hill ED, Maercker A, Petukhova M, Shahly V, van Ommeren M, Alonso J, Borges G, de Girolamo G, de Jonge P, Demyttenaere K, Florescu S, Karam EG, Kawakami N, Matschinger H, Okoliyski M, Posada-Villa J, Scott KM, Viana MC, Kessler RC. DSM-5 and ICD-11 definitions of posttraumatic stress disorder: investigating "narrow" and "broad" approaches. Depress Anxiety 2014; 31:494-505. [PMID: 24894802 PMCID: PMC4211431 DOI: 10.1002/da.22279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition (DSM-5) and ICD-11 has led to reconsideration of diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys allow investigation of the implications of the changing criteria compared to DSM-IV and ICD-10. METHODS WMH Surveys in 13 countries asked respondents to enumerate all their lifetime traumatic events (TEs) and randomly selected one TE per respondent for PTSD assessment. DSM-IV and ICD-10 PTSD were assessed for the 23,936 respondents who reported lifetime TEs in these surveys with the fully structured Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). DSM-5 and proposed ICD-11 criteria were approximated. Associations of the different criteria sets with indicators of clinical severity (distress-impairment, suicidality, comorbid fear-distress disorders, PTSD symptom duration) were examined to investigate the implications of using the different systems. RESULTS A total of 5.6% of respondents met criteria for "broadly defined" PTSD (i.e., full criteria in at least one diagnostic system), with prevalence ranging from 3.0% with DSM-5 to 4.4% with ICD-10. Only one-third of broadly defined cases met criteria in all four systems and another one third in only one system (narrowly defined cases). Between-system differences in indicators of clinical severity suggest that ICD-10 criteria are least strict and DSM-IV criteria most strict. The more striking result, though, is that significantly elevated indicators of clinical significance were found even for narrowly defined cases for each of the four diagnostic systems. CONCLUSIONS These results argue for a broad definition of PTSD defined by any one of the different systems to capture all clinically significant cases of PTSD in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Correspondence to: Dan J. Stein, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital J2, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town , South Africa.
| | | | - Karestan C. Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Lukoye Atwoli
- Department of Psychiatry, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Matthew J. Friedman
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont
| | - Eric D. Hill
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andreas Maercker
- Division of Psychopathology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Petukhova
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victoria Shahly
- Division of Psychopathology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark van Ommeren
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, Institut Municipal d Investigacio Medica (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain,CIBER en Epidemologıa y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guilherme Borges
- Division of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research, Department of Epidemiological Research, National Institute of Psychiatry (Mexico) & Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Peter de Jonge
- Department of Psychiatry (PdJ), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Demyttenaere
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Florescu
- Health Services Research and Evaluation Center, National School of Public Health Management and Professional Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elie G. Karam
- Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy & Applied Care (IDRAAC), Medical Institute for Neuropsychological Disorders (MIND), St. George Hospital University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Herbert Matschinger
- Public Health Research Unit (HM), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michail Okoliyski
- Department of Mental Health, National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, Ministry of Health, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jose Posada-Villa
- Instituto Colombiano del Sistema Nervioso, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota D.C., Colombia
| | - Kate M. Scott
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Maria Carmen Viana
- Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Karam EG, Friedman MJ, Hill ED, Kessler RC, McLaughlin KA, Petukhova M, Sampson L, Shahly V, Angermeyer MC, Bromet EJ, de Girolamo G, de Graaf R, Demyttenaere K, Ferry F, Florescu SE, Haro JM, He Y, Karam AN, Kawakami N, Kovess-Masfety V, Medina-Mora ME, Browne MAO, Posada-Villa JA, Shalev AY, Stein DJ, Viana MC, Zarkov Z, Koenen KC. Cumulative traumas and risk thresholds: 12-month PTSD in the World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. Depress Anxiety 2014; 31:130-42. [PMID: 23983056 PMCID: PMC4085043 DOI: 10.1002/da.22169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical research suggests that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients exposed to multiple traumatic events (TEs) rather than a single TE have increased morbidity and dysfunction. Although epidemiological surveys in the United States and Europe also document high rates of multiple TE exposure, no population-based cross-national data have examined this issue. METHODS Data were analyzed from 20 population surveys in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative (n = 51,295 aged 18+). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (3.0) assessed 12-month PTSD and other common DSM-IV disorders. Respondents with 12-month PTSD were assessed for single versus multiple TEs implicated in their symptoms. Associations were examined with age of onset (AOO), functional impairment, comorbidity, and PTSD symptom counts. RESULTS 19.8% of respondents with 12-month PTSD reported that their symptoms were associated with multiple TEs. Cases who associated their PTSD with four or more TEs had greater functional impairment, an earlier AOO, longer duration, higher comorbidity with mood and anxiety disorders, elevated hyperarousal symptoms, higher proportional exposures to partner physical abuse and other types of physical assault, and lower proportional exposure to unexpected death of a loved one than cases with fewer associated TEs. CONCLUSIONS A risk threshold was observed in this large-scale cross-national database wherein cases who associated their PTSD with four or more TEs presented a more "complex" clinical picture with substantially greater functional impairment and greater morbidity than other cases of PTSD. PTSD cases associated with four or more TEs may merit specific and targeted intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie G. Karam
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy, and Applied Care (IDRAAC), St. George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Matthew J. Friedman
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for PTSD, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Eric D. Hill
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katie A. McLaughlin
- Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Petukhova
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura Sampson
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victoria Shahly
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Evelyn J. Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York
| | | | - Ron de Graaf
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Demyttenaere
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Finola Ferry
- MRC Trial Methodology Hub, Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Ulster, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia E. Florescu
- Public Health Research and Evidence Based Medicine Department, National School of Public Health and Health Services Management, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, University of Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yanling He
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimee N. Karam
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy, and Applied Care (IDRAAC), St. George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Viviane Kovess-Masfety
- Department of Epidemiology, EHESP School for Public Health, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Mark A. Oakley Browne
- Statewide and Mental Health Services, Department of Health and Human Services, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Arieh Y. Shalev
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah University Hospital, Kiriat Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maria Carmen Viana
- Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Zahari Zarkov
- Department of Mental Health, National Center of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Karestan C. Koenen
- Psychiatric-Neurological Epidemiology Cluster Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York,Correspondence to: Karestan C. Koenen, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 720G, New York, NY 10032.
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9
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Nakash O, Levav I, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Andrade LH, Angermeyer MC, Bruffaerts R, Caldas-de-Almeida JM, Florescu S, de Girolamo G, Gureje O, He Y, Hu C, de Jonge P, Karam EG, Kovess-Masfety V, Medina-Mora ME, Moskalewicz J, Murphy S, Nakamura Y, Piazza M, Posada-Villa J, Stein DJ, Taib NI, Zarkov Z, Kessler RC, Scott KM. Comorbidity of common mental disorders with cancer and their treatment gap: findings from the World Mental Health Surveys. Psychooncology 2014; 23:40-51. [PMID: 23983079 PMCID: PMC3992888 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to study the comorbidity of common mental disorders (CMDs) and cancer, and the mental health treatment gap among community residents with active cancer, cancer survivors and cancer-free respondents in 13 high-income and 11 low-middle-income countries. METHODS Data were derived from the World Mental Health Surveys (N = 66,387; n = 357 active cancer, n = 1373 cancer survivors, n = 64,657 cancer-free respondents). The World Health Organization/Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used in all surveys to estimate CMDs prevalence rates. Respondents were also asked about mental health service utilization in the preceding 12 months. Cancer status was ascertained by self-report of physician's diagnosis. RESULTS Twelve-month prevalence rates of CMDs were higher among active cancer (18.4%, SE = 2.1) than cancer-free respondents (13.3%, SE = 0.2) adjusted for sociodemographic confounders and other lifetime chronic conditions (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.44, 95% CI 1.05-1.97). CMD rates among cancer survivors (14.6%, SE = 0.9) compared with cancer-free respondents did not differ significantly (AOR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.82-1.11). Similar patterns characterized high-income and low-middle-income countries. Of respondents with active cancer who had CMD in the preceding 12 months, 59% sought services for mental health problems (SE = 5.3). The pattern of service utilization among people with CMDs by cancer status (highest among persons with active cancer, lower among survivors and lowest among cancer-free respondents) was similar in high-income (64.0%, SE = 6.0; 41.2%, SE = 3.0; 35.6%, SE = 0.6) and low-middle-income countries (46.4%, SE = 11.0; 22.5%, SE = 9.1; 17.4%, SE = 0.7). CONCLUSIONS Community respondents with active cancer have higher CMD rates and high treatment gap. Comprehensive cancer care should consider both factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ora Nakash
- School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
| | - Itzhak Levav
- Department of Community Mental Health, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola
- Center for Reducing Health Disparities (CRHD), Community Engagement Program of the Clinical Translational Science Center (CTSC), University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, US
| | - Jordi Alonso
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Helena Andrade
- Institute of Psychiatry University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jose Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC) and Department of Mental Health, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Slivia Florescu
- Scoala Nationala de Sanatate Publica, Management si Perfectionare in Domeniul Sanitar (SNSPMPDSB), Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Oye Gureje
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Yanling He
- Shangai Mental Health Center, Shangai, PR China
| | - Chiyi Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health and Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Peter de Jonge
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elie G. Karam
- Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy & Applied Care (IDRAAC) Medical Institute for Neuropsychological Disorders (MIND); Department of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology St. George Hospital University Medical Center Balamand University, Faculty of Medicine Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Viviane Kovess-Masfety
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Paris Descartes University research Unit EHESP School for Public Health, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Zahari Zarkov
- National Center of Public Health and Analyses, Department of Mental Health, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kate M. Scott
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand
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10
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Stein DJ, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Bruffaerts R, de Jonge P, Liu Z, Caldas-de-Almeida JM, O’Neill S, Viana MC, Al-Hamzawi AO, Angermeyer MC, Benjet C, de Graaf R, Ferry F, Kovess-Masfety V, Levinson D, de Girolamo G, Florescu S, Hu C, Kawakami N, Haro JM, Piazza M, Wojtyniak BJ, Xavier M, Lim CC, Kessler RC, Scott K, Scott KM. Associations between mental disorders and subsequent onset of hypertension. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2014; 36:142-9. [PMID: 24342112 PMCID: PMC3996437 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work has suggested significant associations between various psychological symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety, anger, alcohol abuse) and hypertension. However, the presence and extent of associations between common mental disorders and subsequent adult onset of hypertension remain unclear. Further, there are few data available on how such associations vary by gender or over life course. METHODS Data from the World Mental Health Surveys (comprising 19 countries and 52,095 adults) were used. Survival analyses estimated associations between first onset of common mental disorders and subsequent onset of hypertension, with and without psychiatric comorbidity adjustment. Variations in the strength of associations by gender and by life course stage of onset of both the mental disorder and hypertension were investigated. RESULTS After psychiatric comorbidity adjustment, depression, panic disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, alcohol abuse and drug abuse were significantly associated with subsequent diagnosis of hypertension (with odds ratios ranging from 1.1 to 1.6). Number of lifetime mental disorders was associated with subsequent hypertension in a dose-response fashion. For social phobia and alcohol abuse, associations with hypertension were stronger for males than females. For panic disorder, the association with hypertension was particularly apparent in earlier-onset hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Depression, anxiety, impulsive eating disorders and substance use disorders were significantly associated with the subsequent diagnosis of hypertension. These data underscore the importance of early detection of mental disorders, and of physical health monitoring in people with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ron de Graaf
- Author for correspondence: University of Cape Town Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Groote Schuur Hospital, Anzio Rd, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bogdan J Wojtyniak
- Author for correspondence: University of Cape Town Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Groote Schuur Hospital, Anzio Rd, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Kate M Scott
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand
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11
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Alhasnawi S, Sadik S, Rasheed M, Baban A, Al-Alak MM, Othman AY, Othman Y, Ismet N, Shawani O, Murthy S, Aljadiry M, Chatterji S, Al-Gasseer N, Streel E, Naidoo N, Mahomoud Ali M, Gruber MJ, Petukhova M, Sampson NA, Kessler RC. The prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV disorders in the Iraq Mental Health Survey (IMHS). World Psychiatry 2009; 8:97-109. [PMID: 19516934 PMCID: PMC2694515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the prevalence and correlates of anxiety, mood, behavioral, and substance disorders are presented from a 2007-8 national survey of the Iraq population, the Iraq Mental Health Survey (IMHS). The IMHS was carried out by the Iraq Ministry of Health in collaboration with the Iraq Ministry of Planning and the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative. Interviews were administered to a probability sample of Iraqi household residents by trained lay interviewers. The WHO Composite International Diagnostic interview (CIDI) was used to assess DSM-IV disorders. The response rate was 95.2%. The estimated lifetime prevalence of any disorder was 18.8%. Cohort analysis documented significantly increasing lifetime prevalence of most disorders across generations. This was most pronounced for panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, with lifetime-to-date prevalence 5.4-5.3 times as high at comparable ages in the youngest (ages 18-34) as oldest (ages 65+) cohorts. Anxiety disorders were the most common class of disorders (13.8%) and major depressive disorder (MDD) the most common disorder (7.2%). Twelve-month prevalence of any disorder was 13.6%, with 42.1% of cases classified mild, 36.0% moderate, and 21.9% serious. The disorders most often classified serious were bipolar disorder (76.9%) and substance-related disorders (54.9%). Socio-demographic correlates were generally consistent with international epidemiological surveys, with the two exceptions of no significant gender differences in mood disorders and positive correlations of anxiety and mood disorders with education. Only 2.2% of IMHS respondents reported receiving treatment for emotional problems in the 12 months before interview, including 23.7% of those with serious, 9.2% with moderate, and 5.3% with mild disorders and 0.9% of other respondents. Most healthcare treatment, which was roughly equally distributed between the general medical and specialty sectors, was of low intensity. Further analyses of barriers to seeking treatment are needed to inform government efforts to expand the detection and treatment of mental disorders.
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