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Mossus Y, Biouélé RCM, Atanga LC, Nyeki ARN, Eko DM, Pouka ONNM, Djomou F, Njock LR, Ndjolo A. Predictive values of ultrasound characters associated with malignant thyroid nodules in Yaoundé: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J 2024; 47:38. [PMID: 38586068 PMCID: PMC10998248 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.38.42190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction most ultrasound criteria are defined in developed countries and commonly used in practice to assess the malignancy risk of thyroid nodules. This practice does not take into consideration some aspects of our context as delay of consultation and insufficient iodine intake. The objective of this study was to determine the predictive values of ultrasound characters associated with malignant thyroid nodules in our environment. Methods we conducted a cross-sectional, prospective, and analytical study in three hospitals in Yaoundé over a six-month period in 2022. Our sample consisted of thyroid nodules with ultrasound, cytopathological, and histopathological data. The ultrasound characters and histology status of category III thyroid nodules and higher in Bethesda score were analysed in univariate and multivariate statistics to determine their predictive values. Results eighty-nine nodules were obtained according to our inclusion criteria. The sex ratio was 0.46 and the average age of the patients was 46 years (IQR=42-59). The cancer prevalence in our sample was 22.47%. On ultrasound assessment, the characters associated to malignant histology (p<0.05) were nodules count, echogenicity, echostructure, presence or absence of microcalcifications, margins, and type of vascularization. Positive predictive values ranged from 26.15 to 57.14%, while negative predictive values ranged from 12.5 to 33.3%. Conclusion taken alone, the ultrasound characters of suspected thyroid nodules have poor predictive values. There was a high variability in sensitivity but that was generally good (60-95%) while specificity was low. The prediction of malignant thyroid nodules is correlated with the association of at least two ultrasound criteria supported by clinical arguments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Mossus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) and Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Roger Christian Meva'a Biouélé
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) and Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Leonel Christophe Atanga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) and Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Adèle-Rose Ngo Nyeki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) and Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - David Mindja Eko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) and Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Olive Nicole Ngaba Mambo Pouka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) and Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - François Djomou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) and Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Louis Richard Njock
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) and Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Alexis Ndjolo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) and Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Nlend AEN, Avenec P, Ngoué JE, Sandie AB. Morbidity and Mortality of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants in a Tertiary Referral Facility in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Int J MCH AIDS 2023; 12:e663. [PMID: 38312496 PMCID: PMC10753404 DOI: 10.21106/ijma.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Following the recorded progress in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Yaoundé, Cameroon, the proportion of HIV-exposed infants who are uninfected (UIH) is increasing. These children are subject to infectious and non-infectious fragility. The purpose of this study was to assess infectious morbidity and mortality rates among UIH in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study. Infants were included in the study and defined as the study subjects if they were between the ages of 24 months or younger, if they were born to HIV-positive mothers, and if they were confirmed to be HIV-negative. The main study outcomes were morbidity rate (defined as infectious, clinical events that required consultation or hospitalization) and death. Data were entered and saved in the Census and Survey Processing System (Cspro) 7.3. Statistical analyses were performed in R Software 3.6.2. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results In total, 240 subjects were recruited of whom 53.3% were males. Most of the HIV-positive mothers (95.7%) had used combination antiretroviral (ARV) therapy for at least four weeks during pregnancy. Among the subjects, 93.2% received ARV prophylaxis, 68.7% were exclusively breastfed for six months, 94.7% were fully vaccinated, and 60.6% had received cotrimoxazole up to the detection of the non-infection. Overall, the morbidity rate stood at 34.2%. The incidence of morbidity was 3 per 1,000 child months of the follow-up. The main pathologies were acute respiratory infections (60.79%) and malaria (17.65%). Three deaths were recorded, representing an overall mortality rate of 1.25% for an incidence of 1.1 per 1,000 child months of the follow-up (FU). Clinical events were more frequent in mothers diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy under the azidothymidine (AZT) + lamivudine (3TC) + névirapine (NVP) -based protocol (odds ratio of 3.83 [1.09-14.45; p = 0.039]). Morbidity was also higher for the follow-up periods of less than six months. Conclusion and Global Health Implications The overall mortality rate among UIH was low. However, the morbidity rate was considerably higher. Emphasis should be focused on in-care retention for up to 24 months for all UIH, which should include monitoring of HIV-infected mothers prior to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Njom Nlend
- Essos Hospital Center, National Social Insurance Fund Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon and Higher Institute of Medical Technology, University of Douala, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Higher Institute of Medical Technology, University of Douala, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Pascal Avenec
- Higher Institute of Medical Technology, University of Douala, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jeannette Epée Ngoué
- Essos Hospital Center, National Social Insurance Fund Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon and Higher Institute of Medical Technology, University of Douala, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Nzeng LFM, Nguefack-Tsague G, Tounouga DN, Soumah MM, Mbang FAA, Sigha OB, Nkoro GA, Kotto R, Kouotou EA. Factors associated with traction alopecia in women living in Yaoundé (Cameroon). BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:577. [PMID: 37940913 PMCID: PMC10631135 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traction alopecia (TA) is very common in Africa but few studies on African population are available. We sought to determine factors associated with TA and measure the association between these factors and TA. METHODS We carried out an analytical cross-sectional study in 29 hairdressing saloons in the city of Yaoundé. A questionnaire was administered and scalp exams were performed in order to look for TA and determine Marginal TA severity score if present. Participants were separated in two groups: TA group and a group without TA. RESULTS We finally included 223 women (77 having TA and 146 without TA). The median age was 26 years for women with TA and 24 years for women without TA. The factors associated with traction alopecia we found included: age ≥ 35 years (adjusted OR = 4; p = 0.016). Hairdressing undertaken by hairdressers only (adjusted OR = 0.2; p = 0.008), the avoidance of the regular use of nets, caps and head ties (OR = 0.2; p = 0.006) and relaxing hairs once a year or less (adjusted OR = 0.2; p = 0.005) could be protective factors. As well, we found a positive correlation between age and TA severity (r = 0.235; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Age and some haircare practices are associated to TA occurrence in our context. Women therefore need to be educated on these various factors that could be able to cause, worsen or prevent TA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohamed Maciré Soumah
- University Teaching Hospital of Conakry, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | | | - Grace Anita Nkoro
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rose Kotto
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutic Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
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Thierry DN, Djamouko-Djonkam L, Gisèle FD, Audrey MMP, Timoléon T, Serge Hubert ZT, Sinclair WC, Christophe AN. Assessment of the impact of the biological larvicide VectoMax G: Combination of Bacillus thuringiensis and Lysinibacillus sphaericus on non-target aquatic organisms in Yaoundé-Cameroon. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17723. [PMID: 37533979 PMCID: PMC10391952 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a renewed interest for larviciding during the recent decade. Although biological larvicides are considered not to be harmful to non-target organisms, there is still not sufficient data on the effect of new long-lasting larvicide formulations such as VectoMax G combining Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and Lysinibacullus sphaericus on the environment especially on non-target organisms. The present study aimed to assess the possible influence of VectoMax G on the diversity and abundance of the aquatic fauna cohabiting with mosquito larvae in breeding habitats during a larviciding trial in the city of Yaoundé. Twelve districts of the city of Yaoundé divided into 6 intervention and 6 control sites were chosen for the study. In each district 4 semi-permanent or permanent aquatic habitats were followed. VectoMax G application was done once every two weeks during 6 months and aquatic organisms were collected 48 h after each treatment. All collected organisms were brought to the laboratory for identification. Physico-chemical parameters were recorded as well. A high diversity of the zooplankton was recorded in the intervention areas with 28 species collected against 14 species in the control areas. Cladocerans were the most represented group in both sites while Ostracods were found only in control sites. A total of 19 macro-invertebrates species were recorded in the control areas vs 16 species in the intervention areas. Gasteropods were the most represented groups of macro-invertebrates. Vertebrates such as larvivorous fishes and amphibians larvae were also found in approximately similar densities in both sites. The study indicated no significant influence of larviciding with VectoMax G on the diversity and abundance of the non-target aquatic fauna in the city of Yaoundé.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djepand-Ngognouak Thierry
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Landre Djamouko-Djonkam
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Foko Dadji Gisèle
- Laboratory of Zoology, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Mayi Marie Paul Audrey
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Tchuinkam Timoléon
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Wondji Charles Sinclair
- Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA, Liverpool, UK
- Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), Yaoundé, P.O. Box 13591, Cameroon
| | - Antonio-Nkondjio Christophe
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA, Liverpool, UK
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Irma KNG, Thierry EBJ, Isaka KN, Vanelle WS, Efietngab AN, Emilie TT, Judith T, Lucia N. Parasitological assessment of some fruits and vegetables commonly sold in retail outlets in the Mfoundi Division of Cameroon. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2023; 22:e00313. [PMID: 37416760 PMCID: PMC10320589 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fruits and vegetables are very important for human diet as they provide all the nutrients needed to be healthy with just a daily-recommended intake of 400 to 600 mg. However, they constitute one of the major sources of human infectious agents. Thus monitoring of the microbial contaminants of the fruits and vegetables is very crucial for human safety. Method A cross sectional study was conducted on fruits and vegetables in four markets (Mfoundi, Mokolo, Huitième and Acacia) of the Yaoundé city from October 2020 to March 2021. In all, 528 samples were purchased (carrots, cucumbers, cabbages, lettuces, leeks, green beans, okra, celeries, pepper, green peppers and tomatoes) and processed for infective agents using the centrifugation methods (Formalin, distilled and saline water). Seventy-four (74) soil/water samples collected from the sale environment were analysed using the same technics. Results Overall, 149/528 (28.21%) were contaminated by at least one infective agent: 130 (24.62%) and 19 (3.6%) having one and two pathogen species respectively. Vegetables had high contamination rate (22.34%) than fruits (5.87%). Lettuce (52.08%), carrot (41.66%) and cabbage (35.41%), were the most contaminated while okra was the least (6.25%). Candida spp. (14.01%) and larva of Strongyloides stercoralis (7.76%) were more observed while Hookworms (1.13%) was the least. Frequency of Strongyloides stercoralis (p = 0.001) and Candida spp. (p = 0.01) were statistically high than other pathogens. Contamination rates were similar for washed (27.65%) and unwashed (28.78%) samples before sale. Candida spp. (p = 0.001), Strongyloides stercoralis (p = 0.01) and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (p = 0.017) showed significant contamination rates by month. Contamination trends were high in the rainy season (42.6%) than the dry season (15.1%). Correlation between environment and products sold revealed same pathogens in both cases. Conclusion The study highlights that the sale environment and products constitute potential source of microbial contamination. These data raised the concern of stakeholders about health risk related to vegetables and fruits sold in some local markets in Cameroon. Thus the necessity for them to development more appropriate policies on the surveillance of sale environment and on the management of these products during the different process phases by the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kame-Ngasse Ginette Irma
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), PO box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Kamwa-Ngassam Isaka
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO box 814, Cameroon
| | - Watat Stella Vanelle
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, PO box 812, Cameroon
| | - Atembeh-Noura Efietngab
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), PO box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Tchinda-Tiecheu Emilie
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), PO box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Tsafack Judith
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), PO box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Nkengazong Lucia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, PO box 812, Cameroon
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), PO box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Talipouo A, Doumbe-Belisse P, Ngadjeu CS, Djamouko-Djonkam L, Nchoutpouen E, Bamou R, Sonhafouo-Chiana N, Mayi APM, Dadji Foko GA, Awono-Ambene P, Kekeunou S, Wondji CS, Antonio-Nkondjio C. Larviciding intervention targeting malaria vectors also affects Culex mosquito distribution in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis 2023; 4:100136. [PMID: 37693015 PMCID: PMC10491826 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Although Culex species are considered to be equally affected by control measures targeting malaria vectors, there is still not enough evidence of the impact of interventions such as larviciding on the distribution of these mosquito species. The present study assessed the impact of a larviciding trial targeting malaria vectors on Culex mosquito species in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. A cluster randomized trial comparing 13 treated clusters and 13 untreated clusters was implemented. Data were collected at baseline and during the larviciding intervention, from March 2017 to November 2020. The microbial larvicide VectoMax G was applied once every 2 weeks in the intervention areas. Adult mosquitoes were collected using CDC light traps in both intervention and non-intervention areas and compared between arms. Globally, larviciding intervention was associated with 69% reduction in aquatic habitats with Culex larvae and 36.65% reduction of adult Culex densities in houses. Adult Culex densities were reduced both indoors (35.26%) and outdoors (42.37%). No change in the composition of Culex species was recorded. The study suggests a high impact of larviciding on Culex mosquito species distribution. The impact of the intervention can be improved if typical Culex breeding habitats including pit latrines are targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou Talipouo
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Patricia Doumbe-Belisse
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Carmène S. Ngadjeu
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Landre Djamouko-Djonkam
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Box 337, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Elysée Nchoutpouen
- Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), Yaoundé, P.O. Box 13591, Cameroon
| | - Roland Bamou
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Box 337, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Nadège Sonhafouo-Chiana
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Audrey Paul Marie Mayi
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Box 337, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Gisèle Aurélie Dadji Foko
- Laboratory of Zoology, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Parfait Awono-Ambene
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sévilor Kekeunou
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Charles S. Wondji
- Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), Yaoundé, P.O. Box 13591, Cameroon
- Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
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Agbor AM, Bruno K, Leonard T, Bahaya R, Alice L, Naidoo S, Charles F. Methods of payment for oral health care in Yaoundé. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2223. [PMID: 37680866 PMCID: PMC10481898 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Payment for dental services is one of the key determinants of treatment options, access to health care, and treatment decisions. The ability to pay for services directly affects the quality of life of an individual and also their accessibility to oral health services. The aim of the present study was to identify the different methods of payment used to obtain oral health care in Yaoundé, Cameroon This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in selected dental clinics in Yaoundé using convenient sampling between January 2021 and June 2021. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. A total of 377 patients aged 8 to 83 years made up of 194 (51.46%) females and 183 (48.54%) males participated in the study. There is no government-assisted package for oral health care in Cameroon and more than two-thirds (66.84%) made direct payments or paid out of pocket without a refund from any insurance company. More than half 147 (58.33%) of the study population did not complete the planned dental care due to insufficient funds. Direct payments covered treatments such as scaling, restorations, root canal therapy, and dental extractions while prostheses (dentures, crowns, bridges, and implants) were only afforded by very few patients. The reasons for the inability to pay for dental services included financial difficulties 107 (72.97%) and lack of time 36 (24.49%). Only half 36 (50%) of the participants employed in the formal sector had access to health insurance and treatments like scaling, dental prosthesis, orthodontics, and dental implants were rarely provided by an insurance company. These procedures were considered to be very expensive with fluctuating prices and were viewed as being for aesthetic purposes. The majority 67 (93.06%) of payments through insurance reported being reimbursed aftercare. Two-thirds of 48 (71.64%) of the insured participants said it was difficult to get reimbursed due to the administrative bottlenecks and as such some preferred to pay out of pocket despite being insured. Late consultations encountered led to caries complications with 105 (52.24%) pulpitis. In general, financial difficulty was reported by 97 (48.26%) as the main reason for not being able to afford dental care. Oral diseases present a huge burden for children and adults due to the high cost of treatment limiting their accessibility and treatment options. There is a need to create compulsory health insurance to enhance greater access to oral health services to encourage the population to seek dental care timeously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashu Michael Agbor
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon
| | - Kaptue Bruno
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon
| | - Tedong Leonard
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon
| | - Reine Bahaya
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon
| | - Lumneh Alice
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon
| | - Sudeshni Naidoo
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Fokunang Charles
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Cameroon
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Tambo FFM, Badjang GT, Kamga GF, Sadjo SA, Tsala INK, Ondobo GA, Sosso MA. Bedside reduction of gastroschisis: A preliminary experience in yaounde-cameroon. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2023; 20:229-232. [PMID: 37470561 PMCID: PMC10450105 DOI: 10.4103/ajps.ajps_2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastroschisis denotes a congenital or sporadic malformation of the anterior abdominal wall, which is rarely associated with other anomalies. The mortality in African countries is still high almost 100%. Objective The aim was to determine the feasibility and safety of bedside reduction of gastroschisis and factors affecting the outcome in low-income setting. Methodology This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytic study over a period of 6 years conducted in the Pediatric Surgery Service of the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. Only neonates with gastroschisis seen within 6 h of life without bowel necrosis and in whom bedside reduction was attempted in the neonatology unit under sedation (with 0.5 mg/kg of diazepam intra-rectally and 0.5-1 mg of atropine intravenously) were included in this study. Ethical clearance was obtained for the Ethical Committee of the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital and a signed consent form was required from the parents of the children prior to the procedure. Results Twelve neonates with a mean age of 16.8 h (0 and 24 h) and mean birth weight of 2245 g (1860-3600 g) were enrolled. The mean time to presentation at hospital was 3.5 h (2-9 h). Bedside closure was successful in 10 patients. Two patients underwent primary closure in the theatre after failure of bedside reduction due to the volume of contents of gastroschisis. Mortality rate in our study was 33.3% and the morbidity was dominated by compartment syndrome and malnutrition. Conclusion Bedside reduction of gastroschisis under sedation in Yaoundé seems to be way to reduce the mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustin Felicien Mouafo Tambo
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Yaoundé Gyneco Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Surgery and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Gaelle Therese Badjang
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Yaoundé Gyneco Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Gacelle Fossi Kamga
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Yaoundé Gyneco Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Salihou Aminou Sadjo
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Yaoundé Gyneco Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Irene Nadine Kouna Tsala
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Yaoundé Gyneco Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Gervais Andze Ondobo
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Yaoundé Gyneco Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Surgery and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Maurice Aurélien Sosso
- Department of Surgery and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Mbouché LO, Mbassi AA, Nkolo JCE, Avebe JA, Kamga J, Fouda PJ, Angwafo III F. [Epidemiology and diagnosis of urinary lithiasis: a cross-sectional study in a Cameroonian based population]. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 45:61. [PMID: 37637399 PMCID: PMC10460109 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.45.61.38677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction urinary stone is a multifactorial disease characterized by the presence of concretions in the urinary tract. The diagnosis of urinary lithiasis is based on clinical and imaging findings. The objective of this study was to determine the profile of patients suffering from urolithiasis in the city of Yaounde. Methods this was a descriptive observational cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection. Patients with an age > 15 years and patients diagnosed with lithiasis confirmed by medical imaging were included in our study. The variables studied were sociodemographic, clinical and paraclinical. Results a total of 120 patients were included in our study. The mean age was 40.46±12.62 years with extremes from 19 to 74 years. Male gender was predominant at 60.8% (n=73). Renal colic was the circumstance found in 67.5% (n=81). Physical examination was normal in 55.8% (n=67). Insufficient hydration was found in 45% (n=61) of cases. Abdominal scanner was the most performed examination in our study in 50.7% (n=61). The median stone density was 731 Hounsfield units [346; 1183.5]. The stones were predominantly located in the upper tract. The left renal topography was predominant in 35% (n=42) of cases. Urine culture revealed Escherichia Coli at 60% (n=15). Blood calcium, phosphorus and uricemia were requested in 15.8% (n=19), 0.8% (n=1) and 12.5% (n=15) of cases, respectively. The results were normal. In the absence of a laboratory specialized in biochemical analysis of calculi, a minority of patients (n=3) benefited from spectrophotometry. Conclusion urinary lithiasis is a disease of men in their forties. Renal colic is the main revealing sign. The diagnosis is revealed by the abdominal scanner in half of the cases. Metabolic assessment and constitutional analysis of the calculus are still very rarely requested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landry Oriole Mbouché
- Service de Chirurgie et Spécialités, Hôpital Gynéco-Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
- Département de Chirurgie et Spécialités, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales de l´Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Achille Aurèle Mbassi
- Service d´Urologie, Hôpital Central de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
- Département de Chirurgie, Institut Supérieur de Technologie Médicale de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | | | - Josepha Abe Avebe
- Département de Chirurgie, Institut Supérieur de Technologie Médicale de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Justin Kamga
- Service de Chirurgie, Hôpital Général de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Pierre Joseph Fouda
- Département de Chirurgie et Spécialités, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales de l´Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
- Service d´Urologie, Hôpital Central de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Fru Angwafo III
- Département de Chirurgie et Spécialités, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales de l´Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
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Tounouga DN, Nansseu JR, Kouotou EA. Bifocal contact dermatitis following a temporary tattoo. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6470. [PMID: 36267827 PMCID: PMC9576966 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis from henna tattoos is often caused by PPD. This was a 35‐year‐old female patient with eczema lesions of the left forearm that occurred after henna's tattoo. The inner side of the left thigh, although not tattooed, was the site of eczema lesions, reproducing the design of the tattoo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jobert Richie Nansseu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaoundé IYaoundéCameroon,Health Emergency Information and Risk Assessment, Department of Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for AfricaBrazzavilleDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Emmanuel Armand Kouotou
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaoundé IYaoundéCameroon,Yaoundé University Teaching HospitalYaoundéCameroon
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Nana-Ndjangwo SM, Djiappi-Tchamen B, Mony R, Demanou M, Keumezeu-Tsafack J, Bamou R, Awono-Ambene P, Bilong Bilong CF, Antonio-Nkondjio C. Assessment of Dengue and Chikungunya Infections among Febrile Patients Visiting Four Healthcare Centres in Yaoundé and Dizangué, Cameroon. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102127. [PMID: 36298682 PMCID: PMC9612120 DOI: 10.3390/v14102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue and chikungunya are now widely distributed in Cameroon, but there is still not enough information on their prevalence in different epidemiological settings. This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of dengue and chikungunya in both urban and rural settings in Cameroon using three diagnostic tools. From December 2019 to September 2021, willing febrile (temperature >38 °C) outpatients visiting four healthcare facilities in the cities of Yaoundé and Dizangué were screened for dengue, and chikungunya. Clinical features of patient were recorded in a form, and their blood samples were analysed using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR), rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assays (ELISA). Odds ratios were used to determine the level of association between socio-demographic factors, clinical features, and infection status. The Kappa coefficient permitted to assess the level of agreement between RDTs and ELISA. Overall, 301 febrile patients were recruited in the study: 198 in Yaoundé and 103 in Dizangué. The prevalence of infection varied with the diagnostic tool used. For dengue diagnostics, 110 patients were positive to rtRT-PCR: 90 (45.45%) in Yaoundé, and 20 (19.42%) in Dizangué. The prevalence of dengue IgM using ELISA varied from 22.3% in Dizangué to 30.8% in Yaoundé. Dengue IgM rate using RDTs was 7.6% in Yaoundé and 3.9% in Dizangué. For chikungunya, one (0.5%) patient (Yaoundé, suburb) was positive to rtRT-PCR. The prevalence of chikungunya IgM according to ELISA varied from 18.4% in Dizangué to 21.7% in Yaoundé, while it was 4.5% in Yaoundé and 12.6% in Dizangué with RDTs. Only abdominal and retro-orbital pains were significantly associated with acute dengue infection. All four dengue serotypes were recorded, with a predominance of DENV-3 (35.45%) and DENV-4 (25.45%). Rapid Diagnostic Tests for either chikungunya or dengue displayed very poor sensitivity. This study further confirms the high endemicity of both dengue and chikungunya in Yaoundé and Dizangué. These data stress the need for active surveillance and the implementation of vector control measures to prevent the occurrence of outbreaks across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Mariette Nana-Ndjangwo
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Physiology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
- Correspondence: (S.M.N.-N.); (C.A.-N.)
| | - Borel Djiappi-Tchamen
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, Cameroon
| | - Ruth Mony
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Physiology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
| | - Maurice Demanou
- World Health Organization, IST West Africa, Ouagadougou P.O. Box 7019, Burkina Faso
| | - Joyce Keumezeu-Tsafack
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Douala, Douala P.O. Box 24157, Cameroon
| | - Roland Bamou
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, Cameroon
| | - Parfait Awono-Ambene
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
| | - Charles Félix Bilong Bilong
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Physiology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
| | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
- Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
- Correspondence: (S.M.N.-N.); (C.A.-N.)
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Djiappi-Tchamen B, Nana-Ndjangwo MS, Nchoutpouen E, Makoudjou I, Ngangue-Siewe IN, Talipouo A, Mayi MPA, Awono-Ambene P, Wondji C, Tchuinkam T, Antonio-Nkondjio C. Aedes Mosquito Surveillance Using Ovitraps, Sweep Nets, and Biogent Traps in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Insects 2022; 13:793. [PMID: 36135494 PMCID: PMC9500714 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Arbovirus diseases represent a significant public health problem in Cameroon and vector surveillance is a key component of prevention strategies. However, there is still not enough evidence of the efficacy of different sampling methods used to monitor Aedes mosquito population dynamic in different epidemiological settings. The present study provides data on the evaluation of ovitraps and different adult sampling methods in the city of Yaoundé and its close vicinity. Entomological surveys were carried out from February 2020 to March 2021 in two urban (Obili, Mvan), two peri-urban (Simbock, Ahala), and two rural (Lendom, Elig-essomballa) sites in the city of Yaoundé. The efficacy of three sampling methods, namely ovitraps, Biogent Sentinel trap, and sweep nets, was evaluated. Different ovitrap indices were used to assess the infestation levels across study sites; a general linear model was used to determine if there are statistical differences between positive ovitraps across ecological zones. A total of 16,264 Aedes mosquitoes were collected during entomological surveys. Ovitraps provided the highest mosquito abundance (15,323; 91.14%) and the highest species diversity. Of the five Aedes species collected, Aedes albopictus (59.74%) was the most commonly recorded in both urban and rural settings. Different Aedes species were collected in the same ovitrap. The ovitrap positivity index was high in all sites and varied from 58.3% in Obili in the urban area to 86.08% in Lendom in the rural area. The egg density index varied from 6.42 in Mvan (urban site) to 13.70 in Lendom (rural area). Adult sampling methods recorded mostly Aedes albopictus. The present study supports high infestation of Aedes species in the city of Yaoundé. Ovitraps were highly efficient in detecting Aedes distribution across study sites. The situation calls for regular surveillance and control of Aedes population to prevent sudden occurrence of outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borel Djiappi-Tchamen
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, Cameroon
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
| | - Mariette Stella Nana-Ndjangwo
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Physiology and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
| | - Elysée Nchoutpouen
- Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), Yaoundé P.O. Box 13591, Cameroon
| | - Idene Makoudjou
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Physiology and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
| | - Idriss Nasser Ngangue-Siewe
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala P.O. Box 24157, Cameroon
| | - Abdou Talipouo
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Physiology and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
| | - Marie Paul Audrey Mayi
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, Cameroon
| | - Parfait Awono-Ambene
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
| | - Charles Wondji
- Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), Yaoundé P.O. Box 13591, Cameroon
- Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Timoléon Tchuinkam
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, Cameroon
| | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
- Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
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Sonhafouo-Chiana N, Nkahe LD, Kopya E, Awono-Ambene PH, Wanji S, Wondji CS, Antonio-Nkondjio C. Rapid evolution of insecticide resistance and patterns of pesticides usage in agriculture in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:186. [PMID: 35655243 PMCID: PMC9164381 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The practice of agriculture in urban settings contributes to the rapid expansion of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. However, there is still not enough information on pesticide usage in most urban settings. The present study aims to assess the evolution of Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) population susceptibility to insecticides and patterns of pesticide usage in agriculture in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. METHODS WHO susceptibility tests and synergist PBO bioassays were conducted on adult An. gambiae (s.l.) mosquitoes aged 3 to 5 days emerging from larvae collected from the field. Seven insecticides (deltamethrin, permethrin, DDT, bendiocarb, propoxur, fenitrothion and malathion) were evaluated. The presence of target site mutation conferring knockdown (kdr) resistance was investigated using TaqMan assay, and mosquito species were identified using SINE-PCR. Surveys on 81 retailers and 232 farmers were conducted to assess general knowledge and practices regarding agricultural pesticide usage. RESULTS High resistance intensity to pyrethroids was observed with a high frequency of the kdr allele 1014F and low frequency of the kdr 1014S allele. The level of susceptibility of An. gambiae (s.l.) to pyrethroids and carbamates was found to decrease with time (from > 34% in 2017 to < 23% in 2019 for deltamethrin and permethrin and from 97% in 2017 to < 86% in 2019 for bendiocarb). Both An. gambiae (s.s.) and An. coluzzii were recorded. Over 150 pesticides and fertilizers were sold by retailers for agricultural purposes in the city of Yaoundé. Most farmers do not respect safety practices. Poor practices including extensive and inappropriate application of pesticides as well as poor management of perished pesticides and empty pesticide containers were also documented. CONCLUSIONS The study indicated rapid evolution of insecticide resistance and uncontrolled usage of pesticides by farmers in agriculture. There is an urgent need to address these gaps to improve the management of insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Sonhafouo-Chiana
- Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Parasites and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Leslie Diane Nkahe
- Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Edmond Kopya
- Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Parfait Herman Awono-Ambene
- Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Samuel Wanji
- Parasites and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
- Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and Environment (REFOTDE), P.O. Box 474, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Charles Sinclair Wondji
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), P.O. BOX 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA UK
| | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA UK
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Takou Tsapmene V, Bilong Y, Mah Mungyeh E, Assumpta Bella L. [Ocular abnormalities of children born prematurely at the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetrics And Pediatric Hospital]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2022; 45:633-639. [PMID: 35597680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify ocular abnormalities in premature children in order to treat reversible visual disorders and help prevent low vision and blindness in this population at risk. METHODOLOGY This was a cross-sectional, analytical study carried out from November 1, 2018 to July 31, 2019 at the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetric And Pediatric Hospital, including premature children, aged 3 to 15 years. The variables studied were age, sex, prenatal, birth and past ophthalmological history, visual acuity, oculomotor examination and fundus examination. For statistical analysis, we used the epi-info software 3.5.4, the Chi2 test, odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval with a significance P<0.05. RESULTS Of the 50 patients examined, the mean age was 6.02 years±2.58. Of the 22 optically corrected patients, hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism were predominant (70.5%) (n=31). Distance visual acuity, measured in 31 cooperative patients (62 eyes), was between 3/10 and 8/10 in 14 eyes (22.6%), and<3/10 in two eyes (3.2%). Strabismus was present in 21 patients (42%), of which 13 cases were esotropia (61.9%). Tropical endemic limbo-conjunctivitis was found in eight eyes (8%). There were no cases of retinopathy of prematurity. Very low birth weight (<1500g) and neonatal resuscitation were associated with strabismus. CONCLUSION Ocular abnormalities in preterm infants are dominated by strabismus, which is associated with very low birth weight and neonatal resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Takou Tsapmene
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun.
| | - Y Bilong
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Hôpital de district de Mbalmayo, Mbalmayo, Cameroun; Hôpital gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - E Mah Mungyeh
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Hôpital gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - L Assumpta Bella
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Hôpital gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
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Ebong CE, Ali IM, Fouedjio HJ, Essangui E, Achu DF, Lawrence A, Sama D. Diagnosis of malaria in pregnancy: accuracy of CareStart™ malaria Pf/PAN against light microscopy among symptomatic pregnant women at the Central Hospital in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Malar J 2022; 21:78. [PMID: 35264170 PMCID: PMC8905860 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The need to start treatment early for pregnant women who present with clinical features of malaria usually conflicts with the need to confirm diagnosis by microscopy (MP) before treatment, due to delays in obtaining results. Parasite sequestration in the placenta is also a problem. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), which detect soluble antigens, are a valuable alternative. The objective of this study was to evaluate pretreatment parasite prevalence by microscopy and by RDT and to assess the accuracy of RDT with MP as reference. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the obstetrical unit of the Central Hospital in Yaoundé, during the period January-August 2015. Consenting patients with symptoms of suspected malaria in pregnancy were recruited and a blood sample taken for MP and RDT before treatment was started. The estimates of diagnostic performance (with 95% confidence interval) were calculated in OpenEpi online software using the Wilson’s score. The agreement, as reflected by the Cohen’s kappa, was calculated and interpreted using known intervals. Results The results showed that, out of the 104 patients recruited, 69.2% (95%CI: 59.1–77.5) were MP positive while 77.94% (95%CI: 63.1–80.9) were RDT positive. The sensitivity of the malaria RDT was 91.67% (95%CI: 83.69–96.77) while the specificity was 53.13% (95%CI: 31.39–65.57). The diagnostic accuracy of the RDT with MP as reference was 79.81% (95%CI: 70.0–86.1). All cases were due to Plasmodium falciparum. A Cohen’s kappa of 0.45 (95%CI: 0.26–0.64) was obtained, consistent with a moderate agreement between the tests. Conclusions The diagnostic accuracy of the CareStart™ malaria Pf/PAN compared to microscopy was high, but not as desirable, with a false negative RDT at very high parasitaemia. In tertiary facilities, RDTs appear to provide a better diagnostic solution compared to microscopy. However, future studies with larger sample sizes should make this observation more generalizable; as missing a case could have serious consequences on pregnancy outcome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04109-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliford Ebontane Ebong
- Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Central Hospital of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Innocent Mbulli Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Hortence Jeanne Fouedjio
- Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Central Hospital of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Dorothy Fosah Achu
- Ministry of Public Health, National Malaria Control Programme, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ayong Lawrence
- Malaria Unit, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Dohbit Sama
- Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,Gyneco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Akindeh NM, Ngum LN, Niba PTN, Ali IM, Ayem OLO, Chedjou JPK, Fomboh CT, Ekollo AHM, Mbu’u CM, Mbacham WF. Assessing Asymptomatic Malaria Carriage of Plasmodium falciparum and Non- falciparum Species in Children Resident in Nkolbisson, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Children (Basel) 2021; 8:children8110960. [PMID: 34828673 PMCID: PMC8623063 DOI: 10.3390/children8110960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is still a threat to public health as it remains the first endemic disease in the world. It is a pervasive parasitic disease in tropical and subtropical regions where asymptomatic malaria infection among humans serves as a significant reservoir for transmission. A rapid and correct diagnosis is considered to be an important strategy in the control of the disease especially in children, who are the most vulnerable group. This study assessed the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in children at the Nkolbisson health area in Yaoundé, Cameroon. A cross-sectional study design and a convenience sampling plan were used. A total of 127 participants were recruited after informed and signed consent from parents and/or guardians. Blood samples were collected by finger-pricking and venipuncture from children aged 6 months to 10 years and then screened for asymptomatic parasitemia by a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), light microscopy (LM) staining with Giemsa and 18S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for speciation. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. The study identified 85 children who were positive from the PCR, 95 positive from the RDT and 71 from the LM, revealing a malaria prevalence of 66.9%, 74.8% and 55.9%, respectively. The prevalence was not observed to be dependent on the sex and age group of the participants. Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species followed by Plasmodium malariae and then Plasmodium ovale. The RDT and LM had the same sensitivity (90.6%) with a slight difference in their specificity (RDT: 57.1%; LM: 54.8%). The RDT also demonstrated higher positive and negative predictive values compared with those of the LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nji Mbuh Akindeh
- Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3851, Cameroon; (L.N.N.); (P.T.N.N.); (I.M.A.); (O.L.O.A.); (J.P.K.C.); (C.T.F.); (A.H.M.E.); (C.M.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3851, Cameroon
- Correspondence: (N.M.A.); (W.F.M.); Tel.: +237-675354405 (N.M.A.); +237-677579180 (W.F.M.)
| | - Lesley Ngum Ngum
- Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3851, Cameroon; (L.N.N.); (P.T.N.N.); (I.M.A.); (O.L.O.A.); (J.P.K.C.); (C.T.F.); (A.H.M.E.); (C.M.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3851, Cameroon
- Institute of Medicine and Medicinal Plants Studies, Dschang 00237, Cameroon
| | - Peter Thelma Ngwa Niba
- Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3851, Cameroon; (L.N.N.); (P.T.N.N.); (I.M.A.); (O.L.O.A.); (J.P.K.C.); (C.T.F.); (A.H.M.E.); (C.M.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3851, Cameroon
| | - Innocent Mbulli Ali
- Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3851, Cameroon; (L.N.N.); (P.T.N.N.); (I.M.A.); (O.L.O.A.); (J.P.K.C.); (C.T.F.); (A.H.M.E.); (C.M.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang 00237, Cameroon
| | - Ornella Laetitia Oben Ayem
- Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3851, Cameroon; (L.N.N.); (P.T.N.N.); (I.M.A.); (O.L.O.A.); (J.P.K.C.); (C.T.F.); (A.H.M.E.); (C.M.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3851, Cameroon
| | - Jean Paul Kengne Chedjou
- Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3851, Cameroon; (L.N.N.); (P.T.N.N.); (I.M.A.); (O.L.O.A.); (J.P.K.C.); (C.T.F.); (A.H.M.E.); (C.M.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
| | - Calvino Tah Fomboh
- Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3851, Cameroon; (L.N.N.); (P.T.N.N.); (I.M.A.); (O.L.O.A.); (J.P.K.C.); (C.T.F.); (A.H.M.E.); (C.M.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3851, Cameroon
| | - Aristid Herve Mbange Ekollo
- Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3851, Cameroon; (L.N.N.); (P.T.N.N.); (I.M.A.); (O.L.O.A.); (J.P.K.C.); (C.T.F.); (A.H.M.E.); (C.M.M.)
- Institut Universitaire de Technologie, University of Ngoundere, Ngoundere BP 61207, Cameroon
| | - Cyrille Mbanwi Mbu’u
- Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3851, Cameroon; (L.N.N.); (P.T.N.N.); (I.M.A.); (O.L.O.A.); (J.P.K.C.); (C.T.F.); (A.H.M.E.); (C.M.M.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3851, Cameroon
| | - Wilfred Fon Mbacham
- Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3851, Cameroon; (L.N.N.); (P.T.N.N.); (I.M.A.); (O.L.O.A.); (J.P.K.C.); (C.T.F.); (A.H.M.E.); (C.M.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3851, Cameroon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3851, Cameroon
- Correspondence: (N.M.A.); (W.F.M.); Tel.: +237-675354405 (N.M.A.); +237-677579180 (W.F.M.)
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Djiappi-Tchamen B, Nana-Ndjangwo MS, Tchuinkam T, Makoudjou I, Nchoutpouen E, Kopya E, Talipouo A, Bamou R, Mayi MPA, Awono-Ambene P, Wondji C, Antonio-Nkondjio C. Aedes Mosquito Distribution along a Transect from Rural to Urban Settings in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Insects 2021; 12:819. [PMID: 34564259 PMCID: PMC8471432 DOI: 10.3390/insects12090819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The surveillance of mosquito vectors is important for the control of arboviruses diseases worldwide. Detailed information on the bionomics and distribution of their main vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, is essential for assessing disease transmission risk and for better planning of control interventions. METHODS Entomological surveys were carried out from November 2019 to November 2020 in six localities of Yaoundé city following a transect from urban to rural settings: two urban (Obili, Mvan), two peri-urban (Simbock, Ahala) and two rural areas (Lendom, Elig-essomballa)-during rainy and dry seasons. All water containers were inspected. Aedes mosquito abundance, species distribution and seasonal distribution patterns were compared using generalized linear models. Stegomyia indexes were estimated to determine the risk of arbovirus transmission. RESULTS A total of 6332 mosquitoes larvae were collected (2342 in urban areas, 1694 in peri-urban areas and 2296 in rural sites). Aedes species recorded included Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegytpi, Ae. simpsoni and Aedes spp. High mosquito abundance was registered in the rainy season (4706) compared to the dry season (1626) (p < 0.0001). Ae. albopictus was the most abundant Aedes species in urban (96.89%) and peri-urban (95.09%) sites whereas Ae. aegypti was more prevalent in rural sites (68.56%) (p < 0.0001). Both species were found together in 71 larval habitats. Ae. albopictus was mostly found in discarded tires (42.51%), whereas Ae. aegypti was more prevalent in plastic containers used for storing water (65.87%). The majority of Aedes mosquitoes' breeding places were situated close to human dwellings (0-10 m). CONCLUSION Uncontrolled urbanization seems to greatly favour the presence of Aedes mosquito species around human dwellings in Yaoundé. Controlling Aedes mosquito distribution is becoming urgent to reduce the risk of arbovirus outbreaks in the city of Yaoundé.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borel Djiappi-Tchamen
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, Cameroon; (B.D.-T.); (T.T.); (R.B.); (M.P.A.M.)
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (I.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (P.A.-A.)
| | - Mariette Stella Nana-Ndjangwo
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (I.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (P.A.-A.)
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
| | - Timoléon Tchuinkam
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, Cameroon; (B.D.-T.); (T.T.); (R.B.); (M.P.A.M.)
| | - Idene Makoudjou
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (I.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (P.A.-A.)
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
| | - Elysée Nchoutpouen
- Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), Yaoundé P.O. Box 13591, Cameroon; (E.N.); (C.W.)
| | - Edmond Kopya
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (I.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (P.A.-A.)
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
| | - Abdou Talipouo
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (I.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (P.A.-A.)
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
| | - Roland Bamou
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, Cameroon; (B.D.-T.); (T.T.); (R.B.); (M.P.A.M.)
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (I.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (P.A.-A.)
| | - Marie Paul Audrey Mayi
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, Cameroon; (B.D.-T.); (T.T.); (R.B.); (M.P.A.M.)
| | - Parfait Awono-Ambene
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (I.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (P.A.-A.)
| | - Charles Wondji
- Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), Yaoundé P.O. Box 13591, Cameroon; (E.N.); (C.W.)
- Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon; (M.S.N.-N.); (I.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (P.A.-A.)
- Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
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Bola AS, Andjock YCN, Choffor EN, Nanci E, Esene IN, Djomou F. Bilateral sphenoid sinus mucocele observed in Yaoundé-Cameroon: a case report. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 39:198. [PMID: 34603579 PMCID: PMC8464203 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.198.22886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A mucocele is a cystic and expansive lesion of the sinus cavities. It is uncommon in the sphenoid sinus and its management is quite challenging especially in low to middle income countries like Cameroon. A 43-years-old female was referred to us by a neurologist for chronic headache and visual disturbances. The pain was unresponsive to analgesics. Physical examination was non-remarkable and a head CT scan realized showed a cyst-like lesion in the sphenoid sinus cavity. Surgical endoscopic treatment was proposed and realized with basic endoscopic instruments, consisting of opening the cavity with drainage of the mucocele. A large opening was made on the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus, in order to ensure continuous drainage and prevent a recurrence. Sphenoid sinus mucocele is a rare condition, and its diagnosis can be difficult. Confirmation requires specific imaging and treatment is presently well established, but it can be managed with basic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Siafa Bola
- Department of Ophthalmology-Otolaryngology-Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Yves Christian Nkouo Andjock
- Department of Ophthalmology-Otolaryngology-Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Eliane Nanci
- Department of Ophthalmology-Otolaryngology-Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ignatius Ngene Esene
- Neurosurgery Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Francois Djomou
- Department of Ophthalmology-Otolaryngology-Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Chelo D, Nguefack F, Enyama D, Nansseu R, Feudjo Tefoueyet G, Mbassi Awa HD, Mekone Nkwelle I, Nguefack-Tsague G, Ndenbe P, Koki Ndombo PO. Impact and projections of the COVID-19 epidemic on attendance and routine vaccinations at a pediatric referral hospital in Cameroon. Arch Pediatr 2021; 28:441-450. [PMID: 34140219 PMCID: PMC8188383 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background At the beginning of March 2020, Cameroon experienced its first cases of infection with the new coronavirus (SARS-COV-2). Very quickly, there was a drop in the rate of hospital attendance. The purpose of this study was to observe the variations in the uptake of pediatric consultations and vaccinations in a pediatric hospital. Methods A descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out using consultation and vaccination statistics from a pediatric hospital in the city of Yaoundé, political capital of Cameroon, from January 2016 to May 2020. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and exported to R software (Version 3.3.3) for statistical analysis. First, time series raw data (before and after COVID-19) were plotted and the trend estimated by locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) methods. Then a classic seasonal decomposition was performed to distinguish between seasonal trends and irregular components using moving averages. The Webel–Ollech overall seasonality test (WO test) was also run to formally check for seasonality. The results of the study are presented as narrative tables and graphs. Results Following the partial confinement recommended by the government of Cameroon, the number of pediatric consultations decreased by 52% in April and by 34% in May 2020 compared with rates during the same periods in 2019 (P = 0.00001). For antenatal visits, the rates dropped by 45% and 34%, respectively, in April and May 2020 compared with 2019. The demand for immunization services also declined. As a result, the demand for BCG vaccines, third-dose tracer vaccines (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis), polio, and MMR in children as well as tetanus vaccines in childbearing women dropped significantly. Conclusion The start of the COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by a significant drop in consultation and vaccination activities. If no action is taken to correct this phenomenon, the ensuing months could be marked by a considerable increase in patients, sometimes suffering from vaccine-preventable diseases. The death rate could increase considerably in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chelo
- Mother and Child Center Chantal BIYA Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - F Nguefack
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - D Enyama
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - R Nansseu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - G Feudjo Tefoueyet
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - H D Mbassi Awa
- Mother and Child Center Chantal BIYA Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - I Mekone Nkwelle
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - G Nguefack-Tsague
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - P Ndenbe
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - P O Koki Ndombo
- Mother and Child Center Chantal BIYA Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Kuaban A, Balkissou AD, Ekongolo MCE, Nsounfon AW, Pefura-Yone EW, Kuaban C. Incidence and factors associated with unfavourable treatment outcome among patients with rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 38:229. [PMID: 34046134 PMCID: PMC8140730 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.229.28317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction in Cameroon patients with multidrug/rifampicin resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR/RR-PTB) are treated with a 9-11 month standardised shorter treatment regimen. Despite its effectiveness, factors associated with the occurrence of an unfavourable treatment outcome in this group of patients are not known. Determine the incidence and identify factors associated with an unfavourable treatment outcome among patients with rifampicin resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (RR-PTB) in Yaoundé. Methods we conducted a retrospective record review of all consecutive patients with bacteriologically confirmed RR-PTB followed up at the specialised MDR/RR-TB treatment centre of the Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé (JHY) from January 2013 to November 2019. A patient was classified as having an unfavourable outcome if he/she had treatment failure, died or was lost to follow-up during the course of treatment. Results a total of 242 RR-PTB patients with a mean age of 35.59 ± 12.02 years including 144 (59.5%) males were registered. Forty-nine (49) of the 242 patients had an unfavourable treatment outcome giving a cumulative incidence of 20.20% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 15.40-25.90%). Multivariable analysis revealed that patients with an unfavourable outcome were more likely to be males (odds ratio (OR): 2.94; 95% CI: 1.24-7.00, p= 0.015), HIV infected (OR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.17-6.06, p = 0.019), and have a baseline haemoglobin level ≤ 10g/dl (OR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.25-6.58, p = 0.013). Conclusion the rate of an unfavourable treatment outcome among patients with RR-PTB at the specialised MDR/RR-TB treatment centre of the JHY is relatively high. The male sex, HIV infection and moderate to severe anaemia are independent factors associated with an unfavourable treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Kuaban
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Eric Walter Pefura-Yone
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Chest Service, Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Christopher Kuaban
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Bamenda, Bamenda Regional Hospital, Bamenda, Cameroon
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Nkahe DL, Kopya E, Djiappi-Tchamen B, Toussile W, Sonhafouo-Chiana N, Kekeunou S, Mimpfoundi R, Awono-Ambene P, Wondji CS, Antonio-Nkondjio C. Fitness cost of insecticide resistance on the life-traits of a Anopheles coluzzii population from the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:171. [PMID: 33029560 PMCID: PMC7525343 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16039.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pyrethroid resistance is rapidly expanding in
An. gambiae s.l. populations across Sub-Saharan Africa. Yet there is still not enough information on the fitness cost of insecticide resistance . In the present study, the fitness cost of insecticide resistance on
Anopheles coluzzii population from the city of Yaoundé was investigated.
Methods: A resistant
An. coluzzii colony was established from field collected mosquitoes resistant to both DDT and pyrethroid and selected for 12 generations with deltamethrin 0.05%. The Ngousso laboratory susceptible strain was used as control. A total of 100 females of each strain were blood fed and allowed for individual eggs laying, and then different life traits parameters such as fecundity, fertility, larval development time, emergence rate and longevity were measured. The TaqMan assay was used to screen for the presence of the L1014F and L1014S
kdr mutations. Results: Field collected mosquitoes from the F0 generation had a mortality rate of 2.05% for DDT, 34.16% for permethrin and 50.23% for deltamethrin. The mortality rate of the F12 generation was 30.48% for deltamethrin, 1.25% for permethrin and 0% for DDT. The number of eggs laid per female was lower in the resistant colony compared to the susceptible (p <0.0001). Insecticide resistant larvae were found with a significantly long larval development time (10.61±0.33 days) compare to susceptible (7.57±0.35 days). The number of emerging females was significantly high in the susceptible group compared to the resistant . The adults lifespan was also significantly high for susceptible (21.73±1.19 days) compared to resistant (14.63±0.68 days). Only the L1014F-
kdr allele was detected in resistant population.. Conclusion: The study suggests that pyrethroid resistance is likely associated with a high fitness cost on
An.coluzzii populations. The addition of new tools targeting specifically larval stages could improve malaria vectors control and insecticide resistance management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Leslie Nkahe
- Malaria Research Laboratory, OCEAC, Yaoundé, Centre, PO Box 288, Cameroon.,Department of Animal Biology, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Edmond Kopya
- Malaria Research Laboratory, OCEAC, Yaoundé, Centre, PO Box 288, Cameroon.,Department of Animal Biology, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Borel Djiappi-Tchamen
- Malaria Research Laboratory, OCEAC, Yaoundé, Centre, PO Box 288, Cameroon.,Department of Animal Biology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Nadege Sonhafouo-Chiana
- Malaria Research Laboratory, OCEAC, Yaoundé, Centre, PO Box 288, Cameroon.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Sevilor Kekeunou
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Remy Mimpfoundi
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Malaria Research Laboratory, OCEAC, Yaoundé, Centre, PO Box 288, Cameroon.,Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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22
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Siafa AB, Nkouo YCA, Owona S, Nganwa G, Djomou F. [An unusual case of condylomata acuminata identified in the nasal cavity of a patient living in Yaoundé, Cameroon: a clinical report and literature review]. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 36:349. [PMID: 33224415 PMCID: PMC7664146 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.349.24918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Condylomata acuminata are sexually transmitted lesions caused by human papillomavirus. They mainly occur in the anogenital area and exceptionally in the nasal cavity. We here report a new case of uncommon detection. The study involved a HIV-positive female patient with recurrence of vulvar condylomata acuminata treated in the department of gynecology. She was referred to our department with pink masses in the nasal cavity preventing nasal breathing and evolving over several weeks. Clinical examination and computerized tomography (CT) scan suggested condylomata. Surgical treatment was performed under general anesthesia and endoscopic control; the histological examination showed condylomata acuminata. The postoperative course was simple, with no recurrence after 6 months of follow-up. Condylomata acuminata in the nasal cavity are rare or even exceptional; only very few cases have been described in the literature. They commonly affect young subjects with or without HIV infection, having sexual risk behavior and can occur in several areas, in particular in the genital area. In this case, nasal lesions could result from hand-mediated transfer. Surgical treatment is effective and long-term follow-up is essential to treat possible recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Bola Siafa
- Service Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de Stomatologie de la Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales de l'Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Yves Christian Andjock Nkouo
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de Stomatologie de la Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales de l'Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun.,Service Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale de l'Hôpital Général de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Sandrine Owona
- Service Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Grâce Nganwa
- Département d'Anatomopathologie de la Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Douala, Douala, Cameroun
| | - François Djomou
- Service Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de Stomatologie de la Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales de l'Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
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23
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Sosso SM, Tchouaket MCT, Fokam J, Simo RK, Torimiro J, Tiga A, Lobe EE, Ambada G, Nange A, Semengue ENJ, Nka AD, Tala V, Chenwi C, Abba A, Ka'e AC, Yagai B, Colizzi V, Ndjolo A. Human immunodeficiency virus is a driven factor of human papilloma virus among women: evidence from a cross-sectional analysis in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Virol J 2020; 17:69. [PMID: 32430034 PMCID: PMC7236111 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancers, causing 270.000 deaths annually worldwide of which 85% occur in developing countries with an increasing risk associated to HIV infection. This study aimed at comparing HPV’s positivity and genotype distribution in women according to their HIV status and determinants. Methods A comparative study was carried out in 2012 at the Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre (CIRCB) among 278 women enrolled consecutively at the General Hospital and the Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital of the City of Yaoundé. HPV genotyping was performed by real-time PCR, HIV serological screening by serial algorithm, CD4 T cell phenotyping by flow cytometry and HIV viral load by Abbott m2000RT. Statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and Graph Pad version 6.0 software; with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results Globally, mean age was 37 ± 3 years; median CD4-count for HIV+ was 414 cells/mm3 [IQR: 264.75–588] and median viremia was 50 RNA copies/mL [IQR: < 40–8288]. Overall HPV rate was 38.49% (107/278); 58.88% for single women vs. others (28.97% married, 2.80% divorced, 9.34% for widows), OR: 2.164; p = 0.0319. Following HIV status, HPV rate was 43.48% (80/184) among HIV+ vs. 28.72% (27/94) among HIV- (OR: 1.937; p < 0.0142); HPV genotypes among HIV+ vs. HIV- were respectively distributed as follows: genotype 16 (3.75% vs. 0.00%, p = 0.57), genotype 18 (3.75% vs. 3.70%, p = 1.00), co-infection 16 and others (8.75% vs. 7.40%, p = 1.00), co-infection 18 and others (8.75% vs. 11.11%, p = 0.71), co-infection 16, 18 and others (2.50% vs. 0.00%, p = 1.00) and other genotypes (72.50% vs. 77.78%, p = 0.80). Among HIV+ participants, HPV rate following CD4 was 62.88% (61/97) for CD4 < 500 vs. 35.71% (20/56) for CD4 ≥ 500 (OR: 3.05; p = 0.0012) while HPV rate following HIV viremia was 42.71% (41/96) with < 1000 RNA copies/ml vs. 66.00% (33/50) with > 1000 RNA copies/ml (OR = 0.384; p = 0.009). Conclusion In Yaoundé, HPV rate appear to be very high, with higher rates of genotypes other than 16 and 18. In the event of HIV infection, the risk of HPV positivity is two times higher, favoured essentially by immunodeficiency. Thus, HIV-infected women should be closely monitored to prevent the emergence of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Martin Sosso
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Michel Carlos Tommo Tchouaket
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Joseph Fokam
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon.,School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rachel Kamgaing Simo
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Judith Torimiro
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon.,University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Aline Tiga
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Elise Elong Lobe
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Georgia Ambada
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Achille Nange
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon.,University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alex Durand Nka
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon.,University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Valère Tala
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon.,University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Collins Chenwi
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon.,University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Aissatou Abba
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon.,School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Aude Christelle Ka'e
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon.,University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bouba Yagai
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon.,University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Colizzi
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon.,University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Evangelical University of Bandjoun, Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | - Alexis Ndjolo
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon.,University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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24
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Djamouko-Djonkam L, Nkahe DL, Kopya E, Talipouo A, Ngadjeu CS, Doumbe-Belisse P, Bamou R, Awono-Ambene P, Tchuinkam T, Wondji CS, Antonio-Nkondjio C. Implication of Anopheles funestus in malaria transmission in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:10. [PMID: 32048986 PMCID: PMC7015064 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2020005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of Anopheles funestus to malaria transmission in the urban environment is still not well documented. The present study assesses the implication of An. funestus in malaria transmission in two districts, Nsam and Mendong, in the city of Yaoundé. Adult mosquitoes were collected using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light traps (CDC-LT) and human landing catches from April 2017 to March 2018 and were identified morphologically to the species level. Those belonging to the Anopheles gambiae complex and to the Anopheles funestus group were further processed by PCR to identify members of each complex/group. Anopheline mosquitoes were analysed to determine their infection status using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bioassays were conducted with 2–5-day-old female Anopheles funestus and An. gambiae s.l. to determine their susceptibility to permethrin, deltamethrin and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Six anopheline species were collected in the peri-urban district of Mendong: Anopheles gambiae, An. coluzzii, An. funestus, An. leesoni, An. ziemanni and An. marshallii; only four out of the six were recorded in Nsam. Of the two members of the Anopheles gambiae complex collected, An. coluzzii was the most prevalent. Anopheles coluzzii was the most abundant species in Nsam, while An. funestus was the most abundant in Mendong. Both Anopheles funestus and An. gambiae s.l. were found to be infected with human Plasmodium at both sites, and both were found to be resistant to DDT, permethrin, and deltamethrin. This study confirms the participation of An. funestus in malaria transmission in Yaoundé and highlights the need to also target this species for sustainable control of malaria transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landre Djamouko-Djonkam
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon - Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Diane Leslie Nkahe
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon - Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Edmond Kopya
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon - Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Abdou Talipouo
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon - Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Carmene Sandra Ngadjeu
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon - Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Patricia Doumbe-Belisse
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon - Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Roland Bamou
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon - Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Parfait Awono-Ambene
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Timoléon Tchuinkam
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon - Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA Liverpool, UK
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25
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Ngadjeu CS, Doumbe-Belisse P, Talipouo A, Djamouko-Djonkam L, Awono-Ambene P, Kekeunou S, Toussile W, Wondji CS, Antonio-Nkondjio C. Influence of house characteristics on mosquito distribution and malaria transmission in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Malar J 2020; 19:53. [PMID: 32000786 PMCID: PMC6993434 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-3133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improving house structure is known to limit contact between humans and mosquitoes and reduce malaria transmission risk. In the present study, the influence of house characteristics on mosquito distribution and malaria transmission risk was assessed in the city of Yaoundé. Methods The study was conducted from March 2017 to June 2018 in 32 districts of the city of Yaoundé. Mosquito collections were performed indoor in 10 to 15 houses per district using CDC light traps. A total of 467 houses, selected randomly were used. A pretested questionnaire was submitted to participants of the study to collect information on the household: the number of people per house, education level, type of walls, presence of ceilings and eaves, number of windows, usage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), number of bedroom and number of window. Mosquitoes collected were identified morphologically. Anophelines were tested by ELISA to detect infection by Plasmodium parasites. General Estimating Equations adjusting for repeated measures in the same house fitting negative binomial analysis were used to assess the influence of house characteristics on mosquito distribution. Results A total of 168,039 mosquitoes were collected; Culex spp emerged as the predominant species (96.48%), followed by Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) (2.49%). Out of the 1033 An. gambiae s.l. identified by PCR, 90.03% were Anopheles coluzzii and the remaining were An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) (9.97%). The high number of people per household, the presence of screens on window and the possession of LLINs were all associated with fewer mosquitoes collected indoors, whilst opened eaves, the high number of windows, the presence of holes in walls and living close to breeding sites were associated with high densities of mosquitoes indoor. Out of 3557 Anophelines tested using ELISA CSP, 80 were found infected by Plasmodium falciparum parasites. The proportion of mosquitoes infected did not vary significantly according to house characteristics. Conclusion The study indicated that several house characteristics such as, the presence of holes on walls, opened eaves, unscreened window and living close to breeding sites, favored mosquito presence in houses. Promoting frequent use of LLINs and house improvement measures, such as the use of screen on windows, closing eaves, cleaning the nearby environment, should be integrated in strategies to improve malaria control in the city of Yaoundé.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmene S Ngadjeu
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Patricia Doumbe-Belisse
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Abdou Talipouo
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Landre Djamouko-Djonkam
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 337, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Parfait Awono-Ambene
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sevilor Kekeunou
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Wilson Toussile
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure Polytechnique University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 8390, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Faculty of Medicine Paris-Sud, 63 rue Gabriel Peri, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Charles S Wondji
- Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
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26
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Fouelifack FY, Meche Dahda LC, Fouedjio JH, Fouelifa LD, Enow Mbu R. [Factors associated to the coiling of umbilical cord: case-control study conducted in three hospitals in Yaoundé]. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 35:23. [PMID: 32341744 PMCID: PMC7174007 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.35.23.19365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction La circulaire du cordon ombilical correspond à l’enroulement du cordon ombilical en un ou plusieurs tours sur une partie du fœtus. Anomalie la plus fréquente du cordon, sa prévalence varie selon les auteurs de 5,7% à 35,1%. En 2011, le taux de mortalité périnatale liée à la circulaire du cordon au Cameroun était de 6,1%. Cependant ses facteurs associés restent peu connus dans notre contexte. Notre objectif était de déterminer les facteurs associés aux circulaires du cordon dans trois hôpitaux de Yaoundé Méthodes Il s’agissait d’une étude analytique de type cas-témoin, réalisée pendant 4 mois dans les maternités de l’Hôpital Central de Yaoundé, du Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Yaoundé et du Centre d’Animation Sociale et Sanitaire de Nkoldongo. Pour un cas (nouveau-nés avec circulaire du cordon), on recrutait 2 témoins (nouveau-nés sans circulaire) tous en présentation céphalique, issus de grossesses monofoetales à terme. Les données recueillies étaient compilées sur des fiches techniques préétablies, saisies et analysées grâce aux logiciels Microsoft Excel 2017 et SPSS version 23. Les outils utilisés pour l’analyse étaient la moyenne d’âge, l’écart type et la fréquence, le rapport de cote cru (OR) et/ou ajusté (aOR) avec leur intervalle de confiance à 95%. P était considéré significatif pour toute valeur inférieure à 5% Résultats Sur un total de 3300 accouchements, 500 nouveau-nés soit 15,15% avaient une circulaire du cordon. Toutes les circulaires étaient autour du cou. Nous avons retenu et analysé 136 nouveau-nés avec circulaire du cordon (cas) pour 272 nouveau-nés sans circulaire (témoins). Les facteurs indépendamment associés aux circulaires étaient non modifiables: longueur du cordon = 70cm (ORa = 32 IC = 17,5-35 P = 0,02), sexe masculin (ORa = 67,09 IC = 22,31 - 97,46 P = 0,001), APGAR 5ème minute < 7 (ORa = 76,98 IC =2,19-27,05 P = 0,017), et modifiables: l’âge gestationnel ≥ 42SA (ORa = 15,15 IC = 6,14-18,2 P=0,001) Conclusion La circulaire du cordon est une anomalie fréquente du cordon. Nous suggérons aux décideurs de sensibiliser davantage le personnel de santé et la population sur l’importance de l’échographie du troisième trimestre afin de rechercher et prévoir la prise en charge des nouveau-nés avec circulaire du cordon. Les cliniciens devraient éviter autant que possible le post terme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Ymele Fouelifack
- Hôpital Central de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun.,Institut Supérieur de Technologie Médicale de Nkolondom, Yaoundé, Cameroun.,Groupe Associatif pour la Recherche, l'Education et la Santé (GARES-Falaise), Dschang, Cameroun
| | | | - Jeanne Hortence Fouedjio
- Hôpital Central de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun.,Faculté de Médicine et des Sciences Biomédicales de l'Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Loic Dongmo Fouelifa
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Lomé, Ecole des Services de Santé des Armées de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Robinson Enow Mbu
- Hôpital Central de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun.,Faculté de Médicine et des Sciences Biomédicales de l'Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun.,Ministère de la Santé Publique, Yaoundé, Cameroun
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Tebeu PM, Belinga E, Sama JD, Kenmogne SA, Tchente C, Sandjong I. [Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features of acute pelvic pain in female patients hospitalized in the Yaoundé Gynaecology-Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital]. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 35:16. [PMID: 32341737 PMCID: PMC7170743 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.35.16.14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Les algies pelviennes aiguës sont responsables d’une morbi-mortalité importante. L’objectif de ce travail était de décrire leurs aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques à Yaoundé Méthodes Nous avons mené une étude transversale descriptive avec collecte prospective des données au Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique de l’Hôpital Gynéco-Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé du 1er avril au 31 juillet 2015. Nous avons inclus toutes les femmes admises pour douleur pelvienne dont l’évolution était inférieure à un mois et ayant accepté de participer à l’étude. Nous avons exclu les femmes qui étaient au troisième trimestre de grossesse ou en post-partum. Le logiciel Epi info version 3.5.4 a servi à l’analyse des données. Ces données ont été présentées sous forme de fréquence et de pourcentage. Résultats Au total 5915 femmes ont consulté pendant la période de l’étude dont 125(2,11%) étaient des algies pelviennes aiguës. La moyenne d’âge était de 29,5 ± 6,9 ans. Les étiologies des douleurs étaient les infections génitales hautes (36,8%) et la grossesse extra-utérine (18,4%). Le traitement surtout médical (92,8%), associait antibiotiques (65,5%), anti-inflammatoires (56,9%) et antalgiques (39,7%). La chirurgie a été réalisée chez 25(20%) patientes par laparotomie (80%) et cœlioscopie (20%). L’indication chirurgicale était la grossesse extra-utérine dans 76% des cas. La régression de la douleur était obtenue chez 99% des cas. Conclusion Les d’algies pelviennes aigues survenaient chez les femmes jeunes, dues aux infections génitales hautes et à la grossesse extra-utérine étaient principalement. En cas de grossesse extra-utérine le traitement chirurgical était surtout la laparotomie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Marie Tebeu
- Département de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Faculté de Médecine et de Sciences Biomédicales, Université de Yaoundé I, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Cameroun.,Ligue d'Initiative et de Recherche Active pour la Santé et l'Education de la Femme (LIRASEF), Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Etienne Belinga
- Département de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Faculté de Médecine et de Sciences Biomédicales, Université de Yaoundé 1, Centre Hospitalier de Recherche et d'Application en Chirurgie Endoscopique et Reproduction Humaine, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Julius Dohbit Sama
- Département de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université de Yaoundé I, Hôpital Gynéco-Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Sandrine Adeline Kenmogne
- Ligue d'Initiative et de Recherche Active pour la Santé et l'Education de la Femme (LIRASEF), Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Charlotte Tchente
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Douala, Douala, Cameroun
| | - Isaac Sandjong
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpital Gynéco-Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
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Fouelifack FY, Sama JD, Sone CE. Assessment of adherence to iron supplementation among pregnant women in the Yaounde gynaeco-obstetric and paediatric hospital. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 34:211. [PMID: 32201546 PMCID: PMC7065651 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.34.211.16446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anemia is a global problem affecting 41.8% of pregnant women. Iron deficiency is the leading cause during pregnancy. Its prevalence among Cameroonian pregnant women was estimated at 50.9% in 2004. Few studies have evaluated women's adherence to iron supplementation prescribed during pregnancy. We carried this study in order to evaluate the rate of adherence to iron supplementation and its determinants during pregnancy. Methods The study was cross-sectional descriptive, on postpartum women at the Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital of Yaoundé during three months. Adherence was measured using the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). The total score was classified as low, moderate and high adherence. Results For a total of 304 recruited women, 16.4% were highly compliant, 27.6% moderately compliant, while 56% were low compliant with iron supplementation during pregnancy. The reasons for non-adherence were side effects (19.7%), forgetting (70.1%) and inaccessibility of iron supplements (20.1%). Up to 85 (or 28%) women found it boring to take medication daily. Women with no side effects were about thrice most likely to adhere to the iron supplementation than those with side effects: OR = 3.73 [2.43-5.71]; P = 0.04. Women aged 25 years and above were more likely to be non-compliant to iron supplementation than those youngers: OR = 0.40 [0.31-0.88]; P = 0.02. Conclusion To improve adherence to antenatal iron supplementation, it is important to increase communication for behavior change and counseling before or during antenatal care. Forgetting being the main reason for non-adherence, women should keep their iron in a place of easy access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Ymele Fouelifack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Higher Institute of Medical Technology of Nkolondom, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit of Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Julius Dohbit Sama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit of Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Charles Enome Sone
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit of Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Kamla I, Kamgaing N, Billong S, Tochie JN, Tolefac P, de Paul Djientcheu V. Antenatal and postnatal diagnoses of visible congenital malformations in a sub-Saharan African setting: a prospective multicenter cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:457. [PMID: 31766990 PMCID: PMC6876077 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visible congenital malformations (VCMs) are one of the principal causes of disability in the world. Prenatal diagnosis is a paramount mandatory integral part of the follow up of pregnancies with VCM of the foetus in high-income setting. We aimed to determine the incidence of prenatal diagnosis of VCMs in a low-resource setting with no policy on antenatal diagnosis of VCMs. METHODS We carried out a prospective cohort multicenter study from July 2015 to June 2016 in 10 randomly selected maternity units of Yaoundé, Cameroon. We enrolled all newborns with one or more detectable VCMs at birth. Variables studied were findings of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters' obstetrical ultrasound scans, in order to establish a concordance between the clinical and sonographic diagnoses of the VCMs and determine the frequency of antenatal diagnosis as well as the rate of medical abortion. RESULTS The incidence of VCMs was 9 per 1000 births. The main VCMs were malformations of the skeletal (4.3%), neurological (2.2%), and gastrointestinal (2.1%) systems. The sex ratio was 1.1. Among the malformed newborns, 37% were premature and in 18.5% the diagnosis of a VCM was confirmed after a therapeutic termination of pregnancy (following suggestive findings of a malformation on antenatal ultrasound scan). The prevalence of sonographic antenatal diagnosis of VCMs was 21%. Hydrocephalus was the most diagnosed VCM antenatally. The mean gestational age at which antenatal clinics were initiated was 15 ± 5 weeks. The mean number of obstetrical ultrasound scans performed was two. CONCLUSION The incidence of VCMs in our resource-limited setting is high and antenatal diagnosis rates are very low. Overall, our study emphasizes on the importance antenatal diagnosis of VCMs, often overlooked in our setting. The goal being to reduce maternal and foetal morbidity in a setting already burdened by a high maternal and neonatal mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kamla
- Department of Surgery and sub-Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science of University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Nelly Kamgaing
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science of University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Serge Billong
- Department of Surgery and sub-Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science of University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Joel Noutakdie Tochie
- Department of Surgery and sub-Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science of University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Paul Tolefac
- Department of Surgery and sub-Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science of University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Vincent de Paul Djientcheu
- Department of Surgery and sub-Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science of University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Djamouko-Djonkam L, Mounchili-Ndam S, Kala-Chouakeu N, Nana-Ndjangwo SM, Kopya E, Sonhafouo-Chiana N, Talipouo A, Ngadjeu CS, Doumbe-Belisse P, Bamou R, Toto JC, Tchuinkam T, Wondji CS, Antonio-Nkondjio C. Spatial distribution of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato larvae in the urban environment of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Infect Dis Poverty 2019; 8:84. [PMID: 31594541 PMCID: PMC6784347 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-019-0597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid and unplanned urbanization of African cities is considered to increase the risk of urban malaria transmission. The present study objective was to assess factors influencing the spatio-temporal distribution of Anopheles gambiae s.l. larvae in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methods All water bodies were checked once every 2 months for the presence of mosquito larvae from March 2017 to May 2018 in 32 districts of Yaoundé. Physico-chemical characteristics including the size, depth, turbidity, pH, temperature, conductivity, sulfates, organophosphates, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), conductivity, iron and calcium were recorded and analyzed according to anopheline larvae presence or absence. High resolution satellite images from landsat sentinel Enhanced Thematic Mapper were used for spatial mapping of both field and environmental variables. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify variables closely associated with anopheline larvae distribution. Results A total of 18 696 aquatic habitats were checked and only 2942 sites (15.7%) contained anopheline larvae. A high number of sites with anopheline larvae (≥ 69%) presented late instar larvae (L3, L4 and pupae). Anopheline mosquito larvae were sampled from a variety of breeding sites including puddles (51.6%), tire prints (12.9%), wells (11.7%) and drains (11.3%). Bivariate logistic regression analyses associated anopheline larvae presence with the absence of predators, absence of algae, absence of vegetation and depth of less than 1 m. Conductivity, turbidity, organophosphates, H2O2 and temperature were significantly high in breeding sites with anopheline larvae than in breeding sites without these larvae (P < 0.1). Anopheline species collected included An. coluzzii (91.1%) and An. gambiae s.s. (8.9%). GIS mapping indicated a heterogeneous distribution of anopheline breeding habitats in the city of Yaoundé. Land cover analysis indicated high variability of the city of Yaoundé’s landscape. Conclusions The data confirms adaptation of An. gambiae s.l. to the urban domain in the city of Yaoundé and calls for urgent actions to improve malaria vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landre Djamouko-Djonkam
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Vector Borne Infectious Disease Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Biology and Ecology (VBID-LABEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Souleman Mounchili-Ndam
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 337, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Nelly Kala-Chouakeu
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Vector Borne Infectious Disease Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Biology and Ecology (VBID-LABEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Stella Mariette Nana-Ndjangwo
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 337, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Edmond Kopya
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 337, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Nadége Sonhafouo-Chiana
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Abdou Talipouo
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 337, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Carmene Sandra Ngadjeu
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 337, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Patricia Doumbe-Belisse
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 337, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Roland Bamou
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Vector Borne Infectious Disease Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Biology and Ecology (VBID-LABEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Jean Claude Toto
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Timoléon Tchuinkam
- Vector Borne Infectious Disease Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Biology and Ecology (VBID-LABEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
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Nansseu JR, Kameni BS, Assah FK, Bigna JJ, Petnga SJ, Tounouga DN, Tchokfe Ndoula S, Noubiap JJ, Kamgno J. Prevalence of major cardiovascular disease risk factors among a group of sub-Saharan African young adults: a population-based cross-sectional study in Yaoundé, Cameroon. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029858. [PMID: 31594879 PMCID: PMC6797357 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence estimates of some major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a young adult-aged population living in Yaoundé, Cameroon. DESIGN A cross-sectional study held from May to July 2017. SETTING PARTICIPANTS: Students aged 18-35 years, with no known history of CVD, found at the campus during recruitment and who voluntarily agreed to be included in the study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Data were collected on personal and family history as well as lifestyle and nutritional habits; anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were also measured. Prevalence rates were calculated with their respective 95% CI. RESULTS Overall, 931 participants (53.8% males) were included, with a median age of 23 years (IQR 21-25). The prevalence estimates for some major CVD risk factors were: 3.1% (95% CI 2.0 to 4.2) for family history of heart attack, 6.3% (95% CI 4.7 to 7.9) for family history of stroke, 26.7% (95% CI 23.9 to 29.5) for hazardous alcohol consumption, 0.9% (95% 0.3 to 1.5) for current tobacco smoking, 27.6% (95% CI 24.7 to 30.5) for secondhand smoking, 88.9% (95% CI 86.9 to 90.9) for physical inactivity, 99.0% (95% CI 98.4 to 99.6) for inadequate fruits and/or vegetables consumption, 39.8% (95% CI 36.7 to 42.9) for self-reported anxiety, 49.2% (95% CI 46.0 to 52.4) for self-reported depression, 22.1% (95% CI 19.4 to 24.8) for overweight, 3.9% (95% CI 2.7 to 5.1) for obesity, 14.4% (95% CI 12.1 to 16.7) for abdominal obesity, 14.5% (95% CI 12.2 to 16.8) for excess body fat mass, 30.0% (95% CI 27.1 to 32.9) for suspected prehypertension and 2.8% (95% CI 1.7 to 3.9) for suspected hypertension. CONCLUSION The prevalence of some major CVD risk factors is high among young adults living in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Therefore, specific actions should be undertaken in this population to mitigate the upcoming burden of CVD. Accordingly, younger-aged adult populations should be encouraged and accompanied to practice physical activity, eat healthily, and stop or avoid smoking and/or hazardous alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobert Richie Nansseu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department for the Control of Disease, Epidemics and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bibiane Siaheu Kameni
- HIV Care Unit, Ngaoundéré Regional Hospital and Regional Technical Group for the fight against HIV/AIDS, Adamawa Regional Delegation, Ministry of Public Health, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Felix Kembe Assah
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Joel Bigna
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Saint-Just Petnga
- Kousseri Regional Hospital, Far-North Regional Delegation, Ministry of Public Health, Kousseri, Cameroon
| | - Dahlia Noelle Tounouga
- Lafe-Baleng Divisional Health Centre, Western Regional Delegation, Ministry of Public Health, Bafoussam, Cameroon
| | - Shalom Tchokfe Ndoula
- Regional Technical Group of the Expanded Program on Immunization, Far-North Regional Delegation, Ministry of Public Health, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Jean Jacques Noubiap
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Joseph Kamgno
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre for Research on Filariasis and other Tropical Diseases, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Amougou SN, Mbita SMM, Danwe D, Tebeu PM. Factor associated with progression to chronic arterial hypertension in women with preeclampsia in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 33:200. [PMID: 31692749 PMCID: PMC6814329 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.200.16857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypertensive diseases in pregnancy are the leading medical problem during pregnancy. Some of the women affected remain hypertensive after pregnancy and the post-partum period. This study aimed to assess the factors associated to the persistence of hypertension after preeclampsia. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study which included all women who had preeclampsia. The minimal follow-up period was 12 months. We excluded from the study all women who had superimposed preeclampsia. Sociodemographic data and past history were recorded and a physical exam was performed for all participants. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors independently associated to the persistence of hypertension. Results Our cohort consisted of 136 women. The mean follow-up period was 3.7 years. Thirty two women (23.53%) remained hypertensive. This represented an incidence rate of 2.85% per year. Old age (≥ 40 years), housewife occupation, multigravidity (> 4), onset of preeclampsia before 34 weeks' gestation, obesity and the presence of hypertension in siblings were factors independently associated to persistent hypertension. Conclusion Many women affected by preeclampsia remain hypertensive after pregnancy. It is important to provide adequate follow-up for this patients in order to intervene on the factors leading to this outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ndongo Amougou
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon.,University Teaching Hospital of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Simon Maginot Mintya'a Mbita
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Dieudonne Danwe
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Pierre-Marie Tebeu
- University Teaching Hospital of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Ela ME, Cumber SN, Dakenyo RD, Tekam DD, Heumou PCB, Marvin GL, Ateudjieu J, Tsakoue EF. [Association between malaria and low birth weight in Yaounde, Cameroon]. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 33:127. [PMID: 31558926 PMCID: PMC6754849 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.127.18101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Low birth weight (LBW) is an important predictor of newborn survival and development. Given its pathophysiology, malaria is presumed to be one of the risk factors for low birth weight. This study aims to determine the association between malaria in pregnant women (PW) and LBW (weight < 2500 g). Methods We conducted a case-control analytical study based on the administration of a questionnaire and an observation chart. We calculated the crude odds ratio (OR) and the adjusted odds ratio to determine this association. Logistic regression was applied to recognize the variables which act as determinants of the issue under discussion. Results This study involved 156 women (78 cases and 78 controls). The prevalence of LBW was 12.32% (105/852); 41.02% (64/156) of women had had malaria during pregnancy and 42.14% of parturients had received three doses of IPT (intermittent preventive treatment). A significant association between malaria and LBW emerged. Crude odds ratio= 3.75 [P = 0.0001 (p < 0.05)] and adjusted OR = 2.82 [P = 0.01 (p < 0.05)] were calculated taking into account the various confusion factors. Conclusion Malaria during pregnancy is a factor increasing the risk of LBW. Efforts should be made to improve IPT coverage and the use of long lasting impregnated mosquito nets in order to prevent malaria during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Ebode Ela
- Faculté de Médecine et Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Dschang, Dschang, Cameroun
| | - Samuel Nambile Cumber
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Gezina, Pretoria, South Africa.,Section for Epidemiology and Social Medecine, Department of Public Health, Institute of Medecine (EPSO) The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Rama Djouedjon Dakenyo
- Faculté de Médecine et Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Dschang, Dschang, Cameroun
| | - Dorine Djuissi Tekam
- Faculté de Médecine et Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Dschang, Dschang, Cameroun
| | | | - Giresse Lowe Marvin
- Faculté de Médecine et Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Dschang, Dschang, Cameroun
| | - Jerome Ateudjieu
- Faculté de Médecine et Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Dschang, Dschang, Cameroun
| | - Eva Fomo Tsakoue
- Faculté de Médecine et Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Dschang, Dschang, Cameroun
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Kemo ADD, Nkegoum B, Nangue C, Djuikwo F, Bita'a LB, Tebeu PM. Histo-epidemiological aspects of gynecological and breast cancers at the University Teaching Hospital of Yaoundé. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 33:130. [PMID: 31558929 PMCID: PMC6754847 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.130.18874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer is a public health problem that affect women more than men. The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiological and histopathological features of gynecological malignancies in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of histologically proven gynecological cancers over a 10-year period (2008-2017) in the Gynecology and Pathological Anatomy Departments of the University Teaching Hospital of Yaoundé. Results A total of 682 cancers were identified among which, 342 gynecological cancers, for an overall frequency of 50.1% and an annual frequency of 34.2 cases on average. There was a trend suggesting an increase annual frequency over time. The cervix was the most frequent location with 182 cases (53.2%); followed by breast with 96 cases (28.1%); endometrium with 33 cases (9.7%) and ovaries 15 cases (4.4%). These patients were on average 51.9±13.7 years old, mostly housewives (56.8%), married (60.4%), multiparous (61.3%) and referred (62.6%). Histopathologically, cervical cancer was predominantly squamous cell carcinoma (86.8%), invasive (80.9%) and well differentiated (45.5%). For breast cancers, the majority were ductal carcinomas (78.1%), invasive (92%), and histological grade SBR II (50.6%). The most common histopathological types of endometrial and ovarian cancer were adenocarcinoma (72.2%) and serous cystadenocarcinoma (46.7%), respectively. Conclusion Gynecological cancers are common. Screening is expected to increase at 30 years for cervical cancer and start at age 40 with mammography for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blaise Nkegoum
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University Teaching Hospital of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Charlette Nangue
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University Teaching Hospital of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Félicité Djuikwo
- Department of Parasitology, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon
| | | | - Pierre Marie Tebeu
- Gynecology-Obstetrics Service, University Teaching Hospital of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Talipouo A, Ngadjeu CS, Doumbe-Belisse P, Djamouko-Djonkam L, Sonhafouo-Chiana N, Kopya E, Bamou R, Awono-Ambene P, Woromogo S, Kekeunou S, Wondji CS, Antonio-Nkondjio C. Malaria prevention in the city of Yaoundé: knowledge and practices of urban dwellers. Malar J 2019; 18:167. [PMID: 31072344 PMCID: PMC6509831 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2799-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria prevention in Cameroon mainly relies on the use of ITNs. Although several free distribution campaigns of treated nets have been conducted across the country, bed net usage remains very low. A household survey was conducted to assess knowledge of the population and practices affecting treated net usage in the city of Yaoundé. Methods A community-based descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in January 2017 in 32 districts of the city of Yaoundé. Parents (household head, spouse or an elder representative) who consented to the study, were interviewed using a structured pre-tested questionnaire. Interviews were conducted in French or English. A questionnaire consisting of 22 questions was administered to know (i) people’s knowledge and attitude on preventive measures; and, (ii) attitudes concerning the treatment of malaria and estimated amount spent for malaria prevention and treatment. Results A total of 1643 household heads were interviewed. Over 94% of people interviewed associated malaria transmission to mosquito bites. The main methods used against mosquito bites were: treated bed nets (94%; n = 1526) and insecticide spray or coils (32.2%; n = 523). The majority of people interviewed reported using bed nets mainly to prevent from mosquito bites (84.4%, n = 1257), rather than for malaria prevention (47.3%). Knowledge and attitude analysis revealed that people with university or secondary level of education have better knowledge of malaria, prevention and treatment measures compared to those with the primary level (OR = 7.03; P < 0.001). Also, wealthy households were more aware of good practices concerning malaria prevention and treatment compared to poor ones. In the majority of districts of Yaoundé, over 50% of people interviewed per district, had good knowledge of malaria and prevention measures but less than 50% applied good practices concerning malaria treatment and prevention. The amount spent annually by a household for vector control was CFAF 11,589 ± 1133 (US$21.87 ± 2.14) and CFAF 66,403 ± 4012 (US$125.29 ± 7.57) for malaria treatment. Conclusion The study indicated that, despite good knowledge of malaria and prevention measures, few people apply good practices. More sensitization needs to be done to improve adherence to good practices concerning malaria prevention and treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-019-2799-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou Talipouo
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Carmene S Ngadjeu
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Patricia Doumbe-Belisse
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Landre Djamouko-Djonkam
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 337, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Nadege Sonhafouo-Chiana
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, P.O. Box 456, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Edmond Kopya
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Roland Bamou
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 337, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Parfait Awono-Ambene
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sylvain Woromogo
- Centre Inter Etats d'Enseignement Supérieur en Santé Publique d'Afrique Centrale (CIESPAC), P.O. Box 1536, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Sevilor Kekeunou
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Charles S Wondji
- Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
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Edinga-Melenge BE, Yakam AT, Nansseu JR, Bilong C, Belinga S, Minkala E, Noudjeu PA, Ondhoua M, Kokola SW, Ama Moor VJ, Ashuntantang G. Reference intervals for serum cystatin C and serum creatinine in an adult sub-Saharan African population. BMC Clin Pathol 2019; 19:4. [PMID: 30923459 PMCID: PMC6423796 DOI: 10.1186/s12907-019-0086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum cystatin C (SCysC) and serum creatinine (SCr) are two biomarkers used in common practice to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). For SCysC and SCr to be used in a given population, normal values need to be determined to better assess patients. This study aimed to determine SCysC and SCr reference intervals (RIs) in a Cameroonian adult population and factors susceptible of influencing them. Methods We carried-out a cross-sectional study from November 2016 to May 2017 in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Participants were Cameroonians aged 18 years and above, residing inside the country and found in good health at study inclusion. SCysC and SCr were determined by particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay standardized against the ERM-DA471/IFCC reference material and by the IDMS reference modified Jaffe kinetic method, respectively. RIs were determined using the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles and their respective 90% confidence intervals (CIs). The quantile regression served to identify potential factors likely influencing SCysC and SCr values. Results We included 381 subjects comprising 49.1% females.. RIs for SCysC varied between 0.57 (90%CI: 0.50–0.60) and 1.03 mg/L (90%CI: 1.00–1.10) for females, and from 0.70 (90%CI: 0.60–0.70) to 1.10 mg/L (90%CI: 1.10–1.20) for males. Concerning SCr, its RIs ranged from 0.58 (90%CI: 0.54–0.61) to 1.08 mg/dL (90%CI: 1.02–1.21) for females, and from 0.74 (90%CI: 0.70–0.80) to 1.36 mg/dL (90%CI: 1.30–1.45) for males. Men had significantly higher SCysC and SCr values than women (p < 0.001). Likewise, subjects aged 50 years and above had higher SCysC values in comparison to younger age groups (p < 0.001), which was not the case for SCr values (p = 0.491). Moreover, there was a positive and significant correlation between SCysC and SCr in women (ρ = 0.55, p < 0.001), in men (ρ = 0.39, p < 0.001) and globally (ρ = 0.58; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the sex influenced both biomarkers’ values across all quantile regression models while age and body surface area (BSA) influenced them inconsistently. Conclusion This study has determined serum cystatin C and serum creatinine reference intervals in an adult Cameroonian population, whose interpretations might take into account the patient’s sex and to a certain extent, his/her age and/or BSA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12907-019-0086-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertille Elodie Edinga-Melenge
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,2Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Adrienne Tchapmi Yakam
- 3Ebebda District Hospital, Centre Regional Delegation, Ministry of Public Health, Ebebda, Cameroon
| | - Jobert Richie Nansseu
- 4Department for the Control of Disease, Epidemics and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,5Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Catherine Bilong
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Suzanne Belinga
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Eric Minkala
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Michel Ondhoua
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Vicky Joceline Ama Moor
- 2Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,6Laboratory of Biochemistry, Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Gloria Ashuntantang
- 7Cardiology and Nephrology Unit, Yaoundé General Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,8Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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37
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Doumbe-Belisse P, Ngadjeu CS, Sonhafouo-Chiana N, Talipouo A, Djamouko-Djonkam L, Kopya E, Bamou R, Toto JC, Mounchili S, Tabue R, Awono-Ambene P, Wondji CS, Njiokou F, Antonio-Nkondjio C. High malaria transmission sustained by Anopheles gambiae s.l. occurring both indoors and outdoors in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Wellcome Open Res 2018; 3:164. [PMID: 30756096 PMCID: PMC6364383 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14963.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malaria remains a major public health problem in Cameroon; however, despite reports on the adaptation of anopheline species to urban habitats, there is still not enough information on malaria transmission pattern in urban settings. In the frame of a larval control trial in the city of Yaoundé, we conducted baseline surveys to assess malaria transmission dynamics in this city. Methods: Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors using CDC light traps and human landing catches from March 2017 to March 2018 in 30 districts of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Mosquitoes were sorted by genus and identified to the species level using PCR. The TaqMan method and ELISA were used to determine mosquito infection status to
Plasmodium. Bioassays were conducted to assess female
Anopheles gambiae susceptibility to insecticides. Results: A total of 218,991 mosquitoes were collected. The main malaria vectors were An.
gambiae s.l. (n=6154) and
An. funestus s.l. (n=229). Of the 1476
An. gambiae s.l. processed by PCR, 92.19% were
An. coluzzii and 7.81%
An. gambiae.
An. funestus s.l. was composed of 93.01% (173/186)
An. funestus and 4.84% (13/186)
An. leesoni. The average biting rate of anopheline was significantly high outdoor than indoor (P=0.013). Seasonal variation in mosquito abundance and biting rate was recorded. The infection rate by
Plasmodium falciparum was 2.13% (104/4893 mosquitoes processed). The annual entomological inoculation rate was found to vary from 0 to 92 infective bites/man/year (ib/m/y). Malaria transmission risk was high outdoor (66.65 ib/m/y) compared to indoor (31.14 ib/m/y).
An. gambiae s.l. was found highly resistant to DDT, permethrin and deltamethrin. High prevalence of the West Africa
kdr allele 1014F was recorded and this was not found to influence
An. gambiae s.l. infection status. Conclusion: The study suggests high malaria transmission occurring in the city of Yaoundé and call for immediate actions to improve control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Doumbe-Belisse
- Malaria Research Laboratory, OCEAC, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Carmene Sandra Ngadjeu
- Malaria Research Laboratory, OCEAC, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Abdou Talipouo
- Malaria Research Laboratory, OCEAC, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Landre Djamouko-Djonkam
- Malaria Research Laboratory, OCEAC, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Edmond Kopya
- Malaria Research Laboratory, OCEAC, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Roland Bamou
- Malaria Research Laboratory, OCEAC, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Raymond Tabue
- National Malaria Control Programme, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Malaria Research Laboratory, OCEAC, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
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Tounouga DN, Kouotou EA, Nansseu JR, Zoung-Kanyi Bissek AC. Epidemiological and Clinical Patterns of Kaposi Sarcoma: A 16-Year Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study from Yaoundé, Cameroon. Dermatology 2018; 234:198-204. [PMID: 30205412 DOI: 10.1159/000492175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is increasing fast among HIV-infected populations, but the disease remains desperately underexplored in Cameroon, where the burden of HIV is high. METHODS This is a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out over a period of 16 years (January 2001 to December 2016) at the HIV day care unit of the Central Hospital of Yaoundé, Cameroon. The diagnosis was based on clinical aspects and histological confirmation, and we used a preconstructed questionnaire for data collection through patients' electronic and physical files. RESULTS Among 14,220 files reviewed, 316 cases of KS were identified, yielding a cumulative incidence of 2.2%. In the end, 266 patients (55% male) were included in this study. The patients' age ranged from 17 to 72 years, with a mean of 37.8 ± 9.5 years. KS was the presenting manifestation of HIV in 89.8% of the cases. Cutaneous lesions occurred more often (81.6%), mainly located on the lower limbs (47.7%); mucous lesions were found in 15.8% of the patients, while 8 patients (3.0%) had associated visceral lesions. The lesions predominantly were lymphedemas (28.6%) and papulonodules (21.1%). At the diagnosis of KS, the median CD4 count was 175 cells/mm3 (interquartile range 80.5-288.5), and 150 patients (56.6%) had CD4 counts < 200 cells/mm3. CONCLUSIONS KS is frequent among our HIV-infected patients; it seems to occur most often at a younger adult age and represents one of the presenting manifestations of HIV/AIDS in our context. It seems to equally affect men and women, occurring more often when CD4 counts are < 200 cells/mm3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Armand Kouotou
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Biyem-Assi District Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jobert Richie Nansseu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, .,Department for the Control of Disease, Epidemics and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé,
| | - Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi Bissek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Koh VM, Essome H, Sama JD, Foumane P, Ebah BM. [Vaginal birth after previous cesarean section in low-resource countries: healthcare chain and materno-fetal follow-up]. Pan Afr Med J 2018; 30:255. [PMID: 30637040 PMCID: PMC6317296 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.30.255.15678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of uterine scars, an established risk factor for obstetric morbidity, is increasing worldwide. In developing countries, spontaneous uterine ruptures may constitute 87.4% of cases. Tratment is a problem in modern obstetrics, in particular in these countries. This study aims to describe healthcare chain and materno-fetal follow-up of post-partum women with uterine scar in three university hospitals in the city of Yaoundé in order to highlight morbidity management problems in low-resource countries at the dawn of sustainable development goals. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study based on the collection of prospective data over a period of six months in 2014. The study included all consenting post-partum women with uterine scar, having given birth to a gestational at a gestational age greater than or equal to a total of 28 weeks of amenorrhea. The sampling was consecutive and exhaustive. Chi square test statistic was applied in all research areas, with a reliability threshold of p≤ 0.05. Data on 252 women with uterine scars, reflecting a rate of 8% (252/3145), were collected during the study period. Prenatal consultations were performed by inadequate staff in an inadequate sanitary structure in 30% of cases. Women were referred due to delivery complications after first admission to an inadequate sanitary structure in 25% of cases (6 uterine ruptures and 7 dead fetus before admission). There was indication for cesarean section/laparotomy on admission in 39% of cases; the rate of vaginal delivery was of 23%; there was indication for trial of scar in 30% of cases, with a success rate of 76.3%. Vaginal delivery was related to parity, a history of vaginal delivery, fetal macrosomia and was inversely related to the number of scars. Maternal mortality was zero and cesarean section was related to materno-fetal morbidity. The poor quality of prenatal consultations and the management of delivery are the main determinants of problems during vaginal birth after cesarean section in our environment. The establishment of a system facilitating access to skilled health care practitioners/adequate health care facilities for pregnant women with uterine scar would improve the prognosis of post-partum women with uterine scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valère Mve Koh
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
- Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Henri Essome
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Douala, Cameroun
| | - Julius Dohbit Sama
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
- Hôpital Gynéco et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Pascal Foumane
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
- Hôpital Gynéco et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Bénédicte Mengue Ebah
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
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Ngouana TK, Drakulovski P, Krasteva D, Toghueo RK, Kouanfack C, Reynes J, Delaporte E, Boyom FF, Mallié M, Bertout S. Genetic diversity of the Hwp1 gene and HIS3, EF3, CDC3 microsatellites and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida albicans isolates from Yaoundé HIV-infected patients. Med Mycol 2017; 55:546-54. [PMID: 27744307 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular epidemiology and the antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida albicans are scarce in Cameroon. Authors studied the genetic diversity and the antifungal susceptibility of C. albicans isolates from Yaoundé HIV-infected patients. Clinical isolates were obtained by mycological diagnosis of oropharyngeal swabs, stools, urine, and vaginal swabs from patients. C. albicans isolates were confirmed by the Light cycler real-time PCR of the ITS1 region of the 5.8s ribosomal DNA. The ABC genotypes and the Hwp1 gene amplification were carried out with specific primers. Microsatellite length polymorphism of HIS3, CDC3, and EF3 microsatellites was analysed. The antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out by the CLSI broth microdilution M27-A3 and M27-S4 protocols. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) results were interpreted according to updated clinical breakpoints (CBPs) recommended by the CLSI or epidemiological cut-off values (ECVs). One hundred and thirteen (113) isolates were obtained from the analysis of 1218 samples. The ABC genotyping showed 79 (69.91%) genotype A, 24 (21.23%) genotype B, and 10 (8.84%) genotype C. The Hwp1 gene amplification provided a newly observed genetic polymorphism, named H and 5 genotypes described (H1-H5). The microsatellite analysis generated 65 molecular types. All the isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B (MIC ≤ 1 μg/ml); 79.64% of isolates were wild type to itraconazole (MIC ≤ 0.12 μg/ml); and 86.72% of isolates were susceptible to fluconazole (MIC ≤ 2 μg/ml). These results highlight the important genetic diversity of C. albicans isolates among Yaoundé HIV-infected patients and bring clues for the comprehension of the molecular epidemiology of the yeast in Cameroon.
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Koki G, Helles G, Bilong Y, Biangoup P, Aboubakar H, Epée E, Bella AL, Ebana Mvogo C. [Characteristics of post-traumatic blindness at the Yaoundé Army Training, Application and Referral Hospital]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2018; 41:540-545. [PMID: 29914763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the characteristics of blindness after ocular trauma. METHODOLOGY In this retrospective descriptive study, we considered the files of patients who had consulted the service for ocular trauma between January 2008 and December 2014. Included were patients of both sexes and all ages whose monocular or binocular vision with best optical correction was strictly below 1/20. Statistical analysis was performed with EPI Info version 3.5.4 software, and the Chi2 test was used with statistically significant values of P≤0.05. RESULTS Over the period from 2008 to 2014, we found 100 cases of blindness (101 eyes) resulting from 591 cases of ocular trauma, for a frequency of 16.92 %. Among them, 75 men with a median age of 35.5±19.8 years. Children younger than 15 years accounted for 11 % of the series. The blindness was monocular in 99 % and binocular in 1 %, distributed as follows: 55 cases (55 %) category V, 27 (27 %) category IV and 18 (18 %) category III according to the CIM-10. In the anterior segment, cataract was responsible for category III and IV blindness, while in the posterior segment, retinal detachment was found in all categories. In all age ranges irrespective of sex, category V blindness was most frequent. CONCLUSION Blindness following ocular trauma is frequent in our context. It can be avoided. Consequently, it is essential to put in place strategies for prevention of ocular trauma via education of the population through public awareness campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Koki
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales de Yaoundé (FMSB), route de Melen, Yaounde, Cameroun; Hôpital d'instruction, d'application et de référence des armées de Yaoundé (HIARAY), BP 12974, Yaoundé, Cameroun.
| | - G Helles
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales de Yaoundé (FMSB), route de Melen, Yaounde, Cameroun
| | - Y Bilong
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales de Yaoundé (FMSB), route de Melen, Yaounde, Cameroun
| | - P Biangoup
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales de Yaoundé (FMSB), route de Melen, Yaounde, Cameroun; Hôpital d'instruction, d'application et de référence des armées de Yaoundé (HIARAY), BP 12974, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - H Aboubakar
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales de Yaoundé (FMSB), route de Melen, Yaounde, Cameroun
| | - E Epée
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales de Yaoundé (FMSB), route de Melen, Yaounde, Cameroun
| | - A L Bella
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales de Yaoundé (FMSB), route de Melen, Yaounde, Cameroun
| | - C Ebana Mvogo
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales de Yaoundé (FMSB), route de Melen, Yaounde, Cameroun
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Tambo FFM, Tolefac PN, Ngowe MN, Minkande JZ, Mbouche L, Guemkam G, Telelen NA, Angwafo FF, Sosso AM. Posterior urethral valves: 10 years audit of epidemiologic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects in Yaoundé gynaeco-obstetric and paediatric hospital. BMC Urol 2018; 18:46. [PMID: 29783971 PMCID: PMC5963049 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-018-0364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of posterior urethral valve (PUV) is estimated at 1:5000-1:8000 males. It is the most common paediatric urologic urgency and the most common cause of male obstructive uropathy and chronic renal failure in children. The study aimed to describe the experience of Yaoundé gynaeco-obstetrics and paediatric hospital in the management of PUV. METHODS Retrospectively, medical records were retrieved over a ten year period and all data recorded and analyzed for study objectives. Patients were called and evaluated for outcomes regarding morbidity and mortality. RESULTS A total of 18 patients all males were managed over the ten year period, given prevalence of 13 cases/100,000 admissions and an admission rate of 2 per annum. The median age at presentation was 22 months and 13 (72.2%) participants presented late. Voiding urethrocystogram was done in all the participants where it showed dilated and elongated posterior urethral valves in 16 (88.9%) of the cases. Endoscopic valve ablation resulted in the relief of obstruction in all but 3 (16.7%) participants that had residual valves and 2 (11.2%) participants that had urethral stenosis. Type I valves were most common in 14 (78.0%) participants. The mean duration of follow up was 34.56 ± 21.47 months. Complications at final follow up were: 10 (55.6%) chronic renal failure, 2 (11.2%) end-stage renal failure. The case fatality rate was 5.6%. CONCLUSION Many patients present late in our setting with already established complications. There is the need to counsel parents/guardians on the importance of long-term follow up after relief of obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustin Felicien Mouafo Tambo
- Departmennt of Surgery and Subspecialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Paediatric Surgery Unit, Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Paul Nkemtendong Tolefac
- Specialized Internship Program, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Marcelin Ngowe Ngowe
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jacqueline Ze Minkande
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Landry Mbouche
- Paediatric Surgery Unit, Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Georgette Guemkam
- Paediatric Nephrology Unit, Mother and Child Centre, Chantal Biya Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Fru Fobuzshi Angwafo
- Departmennt of Surgery and Subspecialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Paediatric Surgery Unit, Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Aurelien Maurice Sosso
- Departmennt of Surgery and Subspecialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Amani A, Nansseu JR, Mah EM, Vougmo CM, Moluh SM, Mbu R. Use of a social media network to reduce early neonatal mortality: a preliminary report from a quality improvement project in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol 2017; 3:26. [PMID: 29163979 PMCID: PMC5684755 DOI: 10.1186/s40748-017-0064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perinatal networks have yielded substantial contribution in decreasing the neonatal mortality rate. We present here the process of implementation of a perinatal network in Yaoundé (Cameroon) based on the WhatsApp messenger application as well as some preliminary results and achievements. Methods In December 2016, the Yaoundé Perinatal Network was launched, regrouping a multidisciplinary team of health professionals dealing with perinatal care in Yaoundé, Cameroon. The network takes advantage of WhatsApp facilities and is coordinated by 5 administrators. One of their main duties is to have a twice-daily updated status of the available equipment (incubators, oxygen and phototherapy) and bed capacities across the Yaoundé pediatric units. Once a request is sent through the network, other members react, either by giving advice or by telling where the desired equipment or expertise is available at that moment. Then, the baby is immediately prepared for transfer, occurring once the receiving pediatric unit has attested that it is already prepared to receive the new patient. Results From December 18, 2016 to July 31, 2017, 139 members representing all the principal maternities and tertiary pediatric units in Yaoundé were already included in the network. The network permitted instant sharing of knowledge and information between its members for an optimal delivery of care. Two hundred and seventeen neonates were transferred using the network; the median time of response after a request had been sent was 19.5 min and the delay in transferring a neonate averaged 70 min. Conclusion Taking account of the preliminary promising notes, there is hope that the Yaoundé Perinatal Network will help to reduce neonatal mortality in our context. Lessons learned from its implementation will serve to replicate this innovative health action in other towns of the country. Moreover, this experience could be a source of inspiration for other countries facing similar challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adidja Amani
- Department of Family Health, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jobert Richie Nansseu
- Department for the Control of Disease, Epidemics and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Evelyn M Mah
- Neonatology Unit, Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Pediatrics and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Seidou Moluh Moluh
- Department of Family Health, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Robinson Mbu
- Department of Family Health, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Kamga DVT, Nana PN, Fouelifack FY, Fouedjio JH. [Role of abortion and ectopic pregnancies in maternal mortality rate at three university hospitals in Yaoundé]. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 27:248. [PMID: 28979649 PMCID: PMC5622819 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.27.248.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction L'organisation mondiale de santé (OMS) estime que chaque année dans le monde 585 000 femmes meurent de complications liés à la grossesse, à l'accouchement, aux suites de couche et à l'avortement (ce dernier contribuant pour 13% des décès maternels). La GEU est responsable de 10% de mortalité maternelle au premier trimestre de la grossesse. Le taux de mortalité maternelle reste élevé au Cameroun, estimé à 782 pour 100 000 naissances vivantes selon EDS-MICS 2011. La contribution de ces deux entités dans la mortalité maternelle étant peu documentée dans notre pays, nous avons entrepris de réaliser cette étude avec pour objectif d'évaluer la contribution des avortements et des GEU dans la mortalité maternelle au Cameroun. Méthodes il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective et analytique. Nous avons colligé tous les dossiers des patientes enceintes et décédées avant la 28ème semaine de grossesse, dans trois hôpitaux universitaires: Hôpital Central de Yaoundé (HCY), Hôpital Gynéco-Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé (HGOPY), Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire (CHU), sur la période allant du 1er juin 2011 au 31 mai 2016, soit sur cinq ans. Les données étaient compilées sur une fiche technique préétablie et testée, saisies en utilisant le logiciel CS pro 6.2 et analysées par le logiciel SPSS 20. Les tests statistiques de comparaison utilisés étaient le Khi 2 et le test de Fischer en fonction des effectifs. Le seuil de significativité était retenu pour P < 005. Résultats Tous avons enregistré 524 décès maternels pour 31116 naissances vivantes, soit un taux de mortalité maternelle (TMM) de 1538.9/100 000 naissances vivantes. Sur les 524 décès maternels, 414 dossiers étaient exploitables, parmi lesquels, 100 (soit 24.2%) concernaient les avortements et 24 (soit 5.8%) concernaient les grossesses extra-utérines, ces 2 entités contribuaient ainsi pour 30% de décès maternels (124 dossiers sur 414). L'analyse des 124 dossiers montre que l'âge moyen était de 27.58 +/-6 ans avec des extrêmes de 18 et 48. La tranche d'âge de 20 à 24 ans était la plus représentée (33.1%), suivie de celle de 25 à 29 ans (24.19%). Les célibataires constituaient 75%, les ménagères 36.7 %, de niveau d'instruction secondaire dans 62.5% et multigestes constituaient 36.1% de notre échantillon. Aucune consultation prénatale n'avait été initiée dans 73.4% et seulement 2.4% en avaient fait au moins 4. Les complications ayant conduit au décès étaient dominées par les hémorragies et les infections. Conclusion Les avortements et grossesse extra-utérines restent des causes majeures de la mortalité maternelle dans notre pays. Nous recommandons un renforcement de la planification familiale pour limiter les grossesses non désirées et une prise en charge par assistance socio-économique des patientes à risques.
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Njotang PN, Yakum MN, Ajong AB, Essi MJ, Akoh EW, Mesumbe NE, Ako S, Mbu ER. Determinants of modern contraceptive practice in Yaoundé-Cameroon: a community based cross sectional study. BMC Res Notes 2017. [PMID: 28646919 PMCID: PMC5483298 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite numerous efforts put in place to increase modern contraceptive use in Cameroon as a means to fight maternal and infant mortality, the prevalence of modern contraception has shown only a slow increase and maternal mortality is constantly rising. This paper attempts to identify barriers to contraceptive use in Biyem-Assi, Yaoundé-Cameroon so as to clearly define in which domain and how to intervene concerning contraceptive use in Cameroon. METHODS It was a community-based cross sectional study involving a two-steps cluster sampling. Data were collected from November 2014 to April 2015 and analysis done with Epi-Info version 3.5.4. Association between contraceptive use and independent factors was estimated by calculating odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval at 95%. Significance of association in univariate analysis was estimated by calculating the p value with chi2 test. Potential confounder (pregnancy intention) controlled in a multiple logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 613 sexually active women were enrolled into the study with a mean age of 27.2 (δ ± 6.2) years. Among the women, 293 (47.8%) were in a union and 530 (86.8%) of them had attended at least a secondary education. Also, 107 (17.5%) responded that their beliefs do not approve contraceptive use and 101 (16.6%) said their partners do not approve contraception. At the moment of data collection, 361 (58.9 [54.9-62.8] %) were currently using a modern contraceptive method. The rate of use of modern contraception was significantly lower in women in a union (OR 0.57, p = 0.0002) and in those with age greater than 30 years (OR 0.45, p = 0.0004). Conversely, the rate of use was significantly higher in women whose partners approved contraception (OR 4.14, p = 0.0000) or when family planning was discussed within the couple (OR 1.93, p = 0.0028). CONCLUSION The rate of use of modern contraception in Biyem-Assi Health District is relatively high. Women in a union and those aged greater than 30 years turn to be less likely to use a contraceptive method than the rest of the population meanwhile women whose partner approve contraceptive-use or who discuss about family planning with their partners, are most likely to use a contraceptive method than others. To increase the rate of use of modern contraception in Yaoundé-Cameroon, interventions should target more of couples and not women alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Nana Njotang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Atem Bethel Ajong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marie José Essi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Nzene Edmond Mesumbe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Simon Ako
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Enow Robinson Mbu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Directorate of Family Health, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Kouotou EA, Nansseu JRN, Adegbidi H, Zoa Mebara TCJ, Ndjitoyap Ndam EC. Skin whitening among Cameroonian female university students: knowledge, attitudes, practices and motivations. BMC Womens Health 2017; 17:33. [PMID: 28412949 PMCID: PMC5392984 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Lack of data on skin whitening (SW) among Cameroonian female university students prompted us to undertake the present study which aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitudes, practices and motivations of female university students vis-a-vis SW. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January to April 2013 in 4 university campuses of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Any female student regularly registered in one of the study sites, who was present at the campus when the investigator visited and volunteered to participate in the study was enrolled. Results Overall, we recruited 620 female students, their ages ranging from 16 to 46 years with a mean of 21.3 ± 2.9 years. Only 87 participants (14%) found that SW was a good practice. One hundred and sixty nine respondents (27.3%) were currently practicing SW with no age difference when compared to their counterparts (p = 0.09). The desire to have a uniform body skin color was the prevailing reason motivating the practice of SW (39.1%), followed by the need to have a soft skin (29%). Assessment of levels of knowledge regarding advantages of the black skin and deleterious effects of SW showed excellent scores (≥75% of good answers) only in 6.1 and 0.5% of cases respectively, with no difference between those practicing SW or not (all p values > 0.05). Conclusion The practice of SW is common among Cameroonian female university students who should therefore be educated on the advantages of the black skin and the harmful effects of SW. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12905-017-0385-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Armand Kouotou
- Biyem-Assi District Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,Yaoundé General Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box: 8314, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Jobert Richie N Nansseu
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Sickle Cell Disease Unit, Mother and Child Centre, Chantal Biya Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Elie Claude Ndjitoyap Ndam
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Yaoundé General Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Kouotou EA, Kechia FA, Iwewe Somo Y, Nguena Feungue U, Nansseu JR, Moyou Somo R. [Mycological profile of onychomycosis in Yaoundé, Cameroon]. J Mycol Med 2017; 27:238-244. [PMID: 28347600 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of data concerning the mycological spectrum of onychomycosis in Cameroon prompted us to conduct the present study, which aimed to determine the mycological profile of onychomycosis diagnosed during dermatologic consultations in Yaoundé, Cameroon. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study held from October 2014 to March 2015 in six hospitals of Yaoundé. Patients suspected of onychomycosis were consecutively recruited during dermatologic consultations; anamnestic and clinical data were recorded and one or several nail fragments sampled for mycological examination (direct examination or culture). RESULTS A total of 3457 patients were examined during the study period, 117 of whom were suspected of onychomycosis; 133 samplings were performed. The distolateral subungual form was the dominating one: 72/110; 65.5%. The diagnosis was confirmed with 110 of the 133 samples (82.7%), these collected among 96 patients, hence a prevalence of 2.8% (96/3457). We isolated 99 germs, among which two-co-infestations. Dermatophytes (52/99; 52.5%), especially Trichophyton rubrum (23/52; 44.2%) and Trichophyton verrucosum (11/52; 21.2%) were the main pathogens causing onychomycois of the toes whereas yeasts (43/99; 43.4%), Candida albicans (31/43; 72.1%) in majority, were the prevailing germs incriminated in onychomycosis of the fingers. There were few cases of molds infestation (4/99; 4%). CONCLUSION Onychomycosis are common in dermatology consultations in Yaoundé. Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton verrucosum are the main pathogens in cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Kouotou
- Centre hospitalier et universitaire de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Hôpital général de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales (FMSB), B.P 8314, Yaoundé, Cameroun.
| | - F A Kechia
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales (FMSB), B.P 8314, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Laboratoire de mycologie de la FMSB, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Y Iwewe Somo
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales (FMSB), B.P 8314, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Laboratoire de mycologie de la FMSB, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - U Nguena Feungue
- Centre hospitalier et universitaire de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales (FMSB), B.P 8314, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Laboratoire de mycologie de la FMSB, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - J R Nansseu
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales (FMSB), B.P 8314, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - R Moyou Somo
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales (FMSB), B.P 8314, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Laboratoire de mycologie de la FMSB, Yaoundé, Cameroun
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Epée E, Koki G, Dohvoma VA, Kenne C, Biangoup NP, Tocke O, Mvilongo C, Bella AL, Ebana Mvogo C. [Epidemiological and clinical aspects of tropical endemic limbo-conjunctivitis in students in Yaoundé]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2016; 39:744-749. [PMID: 27765447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION TELC, tropical endemic limbo-conjunctivitis, is a keratoconjunctivitis seen more frequently in dry intertropical settings than humid ones. We aim to determine the epidemiologic and clinical profile of this condition in a city with a humid equatorial climate. PATIENTS AND METHODS During first third of 2014, we conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in schools. Included were children aged 3-15 years who received parental consent. The selection was conducted in two steps. After an initial examination of children within the schools, the diagnosis was then confirmed by a complete ophthalmologic examination carried out in the hospital. For ethical clearance, the study received all necessary authorizations. The data were analyzed using the CSPro version 4.0 software in French and the comparison test used was χ2 with a confidence limit of 95 %. RESULTS Out of 353 students examined, 129 were referred to the Yaoundé central hospital, among which 82 (23.2 %) were confirmed with TELC. The median age of the children diagnosed with TELC was 8.24+0.6 years. Boys (57.3 %) were affected more than girls. The age range of 6-12 years (64.6 %) was the most represented. A recrudescence of the attacks was observed during the dry season (93 %) of cases. Dust (49 %) and sun exposure (43 %) were aggravating factors. CONCLUSION The prevalence of TELC observed in school in this study is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Epée
- Faculté de medecine et des sciences biomedicales de l'université de Yaoundé I, BP 11216, 11216 Yaoundé, Cameroun.
| | - G Koki
- Faculté de medecine et des sciences biomedicales de l'université de Yaoundé I, BP 11216, 11216 Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - V A Dohvoma
- Faculté de medecine et des sciences biomedicales de l'université de Yaoundé I, BP 11216, 11216 Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - C Kenne
- Faculté de medecine et des sciences biomedicales de l'université de Yaoundé I, BP 11216, 11216 Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - N P Biangoup
- Faculté de medecine et des sciences biomedicales de l'université de Yaoundé I, BP 11216, 11216 Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - O Tocke
- Faculté de medecine et des sciences biomedicales de l'université de Yaoundé I, BP 11216, 11216 Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - C Mvilongo
- Faculté de medecine et des sciences biomedicales de l'université de Yaoundé I, BP 11216, 11216 Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - A L Bella
- Faculté de medecine et des sciences biomedicales de l'université de Yaoundé I, BP 11216, 11216 Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - C Ebana Mvogo
- Faculté de medecine et des sciences biomedicales de l'université de Yaoundé I, BP 11216, 11216 Yaoundé, Cameroun
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Antonio-Nkondjio C, Poupardin R, Tene BF, Kopya E, Costantini C, Awono-Ambene P, Wondji CS. Investigation of mechanisms of bendiocarb resistance in Anopheles gambiae populations from the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Malar J 2016; 15:424. [PMID: 27549778 PMCID: PMC4994282 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to the carbamate insecticide bendiocarb is emerging in Anopheles gambiae populations from the city of Yaoundé in Cameroon. However, the molecular basis of this resistance remains uncharacterized. The present study objective is to investigate mechanisms promoting resistance to bendiocarb in An. gambiae populations from Yaoundé. Methods The level of susceptibility of An. gambiae s.l. to bendiocarb 0.1 % was assessed from 2010 to 2013 using bioassays. Mosquitoes resistant to bendiocarb, unexposed and susceptible mosquitoes were screened for the presence of the Ace-1R mutation using TaqMan assays. Microarray analyses were performed to assess the pattern of genes differentially expressed between resistant, unexposed and susceptible. Results Bendiocarb resistance was more prevalent in mosquitoes originating from cultivated sites compared to those from polluted and unpolluted sites. Both An. gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii were found to display resistance to bendiocarb. No G119S mutation was detected suggesting that resistance was mainly metabolic. Microarray analysis revealed the over-expression of several cytochrome P450 s genes including cyp6z3, cyp6z1, cyp12f2, cyp6m3 and cyp6p4. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis supported the detoxification role of cytochrome P450 s with several GO terms associated with P450 activity significantly enriched in resistant samples. Other detoxification genes included UDP-glucosyl transferases, glutathione-S transferases and ABC transporters. Conclusion The study highlights the probable implication of metabolic mechanisms in bendiocarb resistance in An. gambiae populations from Yaoundé and stresses the need for further studies leading to functional validation of detoxification genes involved in this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,Vector Group Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
| | - Rodolphe Poupardin
- Vector Group Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Billy Fossog Tene
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Edmond Kopya
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Carlo Costantini
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR 016, 911, Avenue Agropolis, P.O. Box 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Parfait Awono-Ambene
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Charles S Wondji
- Vector Group Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
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Balkissou AD, Pefura-Yone EW, Netong Gamgne M, Endale Mangamba LM, Onana Ngono I, Poka Mayap V, Evouna Mbarga A, Assamba Mpom SA, Kanko NF, Fodjeu G, Tagne Kamdem PE, Fogang D, Kuaban C. [Residual pleural opacity in patients treated for pleural tuberculosis in Yaounde]. Rev Pneumol Clin 2016; 72:115-121. [PMID: 26651928 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneumo.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of residual pleural opacity (RPO) at the end and after 6 months (M12) of antituberculosis treatment (ATT) in adults with pleural tuberculosis. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, all patients admitted for pleural tuberculosis between September 2010 and August 2012 in the pneumology A unit of Yaounde Jamot Hospital were included. Each patient was then followed up for 12 months. RPO was considered significant if it was measured 10mm or more on standard chest X-ray. The logistic regression model was used to investigate the risk factors of significant RPO at the end of antituberculosis treatment. RESULTS Of the 193 patients included, median (interquartile range) age of 33 (25-42) years, 115 (59.6%) were men. The incidence (95% CI) of significant RPO was 22.0% (14.9-29.1) and 11.0% (4.9-17.1) at the end of ATT and at M12 respectively. In multivariate analysis, the risk factors of the occurrence of a significant RPO at the end of ATT and at M12 were smoking, associated parenchymal lesions, and hypoglycopleuria. CONCLUSION Cumulative incidence of RPO ≥ 10 mm was 22% at the end of ATT and 11% after 12 months from the beginning of treatment. Patients with risk factors of RPO ≥ 10 mm should benefit from greater surveillance and appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Balkissou
- Département de médecine interne et spécialités, faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Hôpital Jamot de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun.
| | - E W Pefura-Yone
- Département de médecine interne et spécialités, faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Hôpital Jamot de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - M Netong Gamgne
- Centre de diagnostic d'imagerie médicale et de conseils en radioprotection, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - L-M Endale Mangamba
- Département de médecine interne et spécialités, faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Hôpital Laquintinie, Douala, Cameroun
| | - I Onana Ngono
- Département de médecine interne et spécialités, faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - V Poka Mayap
- Département de médecine interne et spécialités, faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - A Evouna Mbarga
- Département de médecine interne et spécialités, faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - S A Assamba Mpom
- Département de médecine interne et spécialités, faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - N F Kanko
- Département de médecine interne et spécialités, faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - G Fodjeu
- Département de médecine interne et spécialités, faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - P E Tagne Kamdem
- Département de médecine interne et spécialités, faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - D Fogang
- Hôpital Jamot de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - C Kuaban
- Département de médecine interne et spécialités, faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Faculté de sciences de la santé, Bamenda, Cameroun
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