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Holgersen K, Muk T, Ghisari M, Arora P, Kvistgaard AS, Drud-Heydary Nielsen S, Sangild PT, Bering SB. Neonatal Gut and Immune Responses to β- Casein Enriched Formula in Piglets. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00239-6. [PMID: 38703891 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-casein is the main casein constituent in human milk (HM) and a source of bioactive peptides for the developing gastrointestinal tract and immune system. Infant formulas contain less β-casein than HM, but whether different concentrations of β-casein affect tolerability and gut and immune maturation in newborns is unknown. OBJECTIVES Using near-term piglets as a model for newborn infants, we investigated whether increasing the β-casein fraction in bovine-based formula is clinically safe and may improve gut and immune maturation. METHODS Three groups of near-term pigs (96% gestation) were fed formula with bovine casein and whey protein (ratio 40:60): 1) standard skim milk casein (BCN-standard, 35% β-casein of total casein, n = 18); 2) β-casein enrichment to HM concentrations (BCN-medium, 65%, n = 19); and 3) high β-casein enrichment (BCN-high, 91%, n = 19). A reference group was fed 100% whey protein concentrate (WPC) as protein (WPC, n = 18). Intestinal and immune parameters were assessed before and after euthanasia on day 5. RESULTS Clinical variables (mortality, activity, body growth, and diarrhea) were similar among the groups, and no differences in intestinal or biochemical parameters were observed between BCN-standard and BCN-medium pigs. However, pigs receiving high amounts of β-casein (BCN-high) had lower small intestine weight and tended to have more intestinal complications (highest gut pathology score, permeability, and interleukin-8) than the other groups, particularly those receiving no casein (WPC pigs). Blood lymphocyte, thrombocyte, and reticulocyte counts were increased with higher β-casein, whereas eosinophil counts were reduced. In vitro blood immune cell responses were similar among groups. CONCLUSIONS β-casein enrichment of bovine-based formula to HM concentrations is clinically safe, as judged from newborn, near-term pigs, whereas no additional benefits to gut maturation were observed. However, excessive β-casein supplementation, beyond concentrations in HM, may potentially induce gut inflammation together with increased blood cell populations relative to natural β-casein concentrations or pure whey-based formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Holgersen
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tik Muk
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Pankaj Arora
- Arla Food Ingredients Group P/S, Viby J, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Drud-Heydary Nielsen
- Arla Food Ingredients Group P/S, Viby J, Denmark; Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stine Brandt Bering
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Røisgård S, Nopp A, Lindam A, Nilsson CA, West CE. Basophil allergen threshold sensitivity to casein (casein-specific CD-sens) predicts allergic reactions at a milk challenge in most but not all patients. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1265. [PMID: 38722265 PMCID: PMC11080960 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basophil activation test is an emerging clinical tool in the diagnosis of cow's milk allergy (CMA). The aim was to assess the association between the basophil allergen threshold sensitivity to the major milk protein casein (casein-specific CD-sens), the levels of milk- and casein-specific Immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE-ab), and the severity of allergic reactions at milk challenges. METHODS We enrolled 34 patients aged 5-15 (median 9) years who underwent a double-blind placebo-controlled milk-challenge (DBPCMC) as screening before inclusion in an oral immunotherapy study for CMA. The severity of the allergic reaction at the DBPCMC was graded using Sampson's severity score. Venous blood was drawn before the DBPCMC. Milk- and casein-specific IgE-ab were analyzed. Following in vitro stimulation of basophils with casein, casein-specific CD-sens, was determined. RESULTS Thirty-three patients completed the DBPCMC. There were strong correlations between casein-specific CD-sens and IgE-ab to milk (rs = 0.682, p < .001), and between casein-specific CD-sens and IgE-ab to casein (rs = 0.823, p < .001). There was a correlation between the severity of the allergic reaction and casein-specific CD-sens level (rs = 0.395, p = .041) and an inverse correlation between casein-specific CD-sens level and the cumulative dose of milk protein to which the patient reacted at the DBPCMC (rs = -0.418, p = .027). Among the 30 patients with an allergic reaction at the DBPCMC, 67% had positive casein-specific CD-sens, 23% had negative casein-specific CD-sens, and 10% were declared non-responders. CONCLUSION Two thirds of those reacting at the DBPMC had positive casein-specific CD-sens, but reactions also occurred despite negative casein-specific CD-sens. The association between casein-specific CD-sens and the severity of the allergic reaction and cumulative dose of milk protein, respectively, was moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Røisgård
- Department of Clinical SciencesPediatrics, Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Anna Nopp
- Clinical Science and EducationKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Sachs Children and Youth HospitalSödersjukhusetStockholmSweden
| | - Anna Lindam
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Research, Education and Development ÖstersundUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | | | - Caroline A. Nilsson
- Clinical Science and EducationKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Sachs Children and Youth HospitalSödersjukhusetStockholmSweden
| | - Christina E. West
- Department of Clinical SciencesPediatrics, Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
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Xie Q, Xu K, Sang Z, Luo D, Chen C, Fu W, Xue W. Allergenicity Modulation of Casein with the Modifications of Linearization, Cross-Linking, and Glycation via the Regulation of Th1/Th2 Homeostasis. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:10031-10045. [PMID: 38629959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Casein (CN) is the primary allergenic protein in cow's milk, contributing to the worldwide escalating prevalence of food allergies. However, there remains limited knowledge regarding the effect of structural modifications on CN allergenicity. Herein, we prepared three modified CNs (mCN), including sodium dodecyl sulfate and dithiothreitol-induced linear CN (LCN), transglutaminase-cross-linked CN (TCN), and glucose-glycated CN (GCN). The electrophoresis results indicated widespread protein aggregation among mCN, causing variations in their molecular weights. The unique internal and external structural characteristics of mCN were substantiated by disparities in surface microstructure, alterations in the secondary structure, variations in free amino acid contents, and modifications in functional molecular groups. Despite the lower digestibility of TCN and GCN compared to LCN, they significantly suppressed IL-8 production in Caco-2 cells without significantly promoting their proliferation. Moreover, GCN showed the weakest capacity to induce LAD2 cell degranulation. Despite the therapeutic effect of TCN, GCN-treated mice displayed the most prominent attenuation of allergic reactions and a remarkably restored Th1/Th2 imbalance, while LCN administration resulted in severe allergic phenotypes and endotypes in both cellular and murine models. This study highlighted the detrimental effect of linear modifications and underscored the significance of glycation in relation to CN allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xie
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100089, P. R. China
| | - Ke Xu
- Zhejiang Academy of Science & Technology for Inspection & Quarantine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311200, P. R. China
| | - Ziqing Sang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100089, P. R. China
| | - Dan Luo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100089, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100089, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Fu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Wentong Xue
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100089, P. R. China
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Ali AH, Li S, Liu SQ, Gan RY, Li HB, Kamal-Eldin A, Ayyash M. Invited review: Camel milk and gut health-Understanding digestibility and the effect on gut microbiota. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2573-2585. [PMID: 37977446 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Camel milk (CM), known for its immune-regulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antidiabetic properties, is a natural healthy food. It is easily digestible due to the high levels of β-casein and diverse secreted antibodies, exhibiting superior antibacterial and antiviral activities compared with bovine milk. β-casein is less allergic and more digestible because it is more susceptible to digestive hydrolysis in the gut; therefore, higher levels of β-casein make CM advantageous for human health. Furthermore, antibodies help the digestive system by destroying the antigens, which are then overwhelmed and digested by macrophages. The connection between the gut microbiota and human health has gained substantial research attention, as it offers potential benefits and supports disease treatment. The gut microbiota has a vital role in regulating the host's health because it helps in several biological functions, such as protection against pathogens, immune function regulation, energy harvesting from digested foods, and reinforcement of digestive tract biochemical barriers. These functions could be affected by the changes in the gut microbiota profile, and gut microbiota differences are associated with several diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, irritable bowel disorder, mental illness, allergy, and obesity. This review focuses on the digestibility of CM components, particularly protein and fat, and their influence on gut microbiota modulation. Notably, the hypoallergenic properties and small fat globules of CM contribute to its enhanced digestibility. Considering the rapid digestion of its proteins under conditions simulating infant gastrointestinal digestion, CM exhibits promise as a potential alternative for infant formula preparation due to the high β-/αs-casein ratio and protective proteins, in addition to the absence of β-lactoglobulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoneim H Ali
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Siqi Li
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Shao-Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Afaf Kamal-Eldin
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mutamed Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Lv L, Wang L, Li D, Miao X, Zhan H. Characterisation of a casein-/whey protein concentrate-Antarctic krill oil emulsion system and improvement of its storage stability. J Microencapsul 2024; 41:190-203. [PMID: 38602138 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2024.2335152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To develop Antarctic krill oil emulsions with casein and whey protein concentrate (WPC) and study their physicochemical properties and storage stability. METHODS Emulsions were prepared by homogenisation and ultrasonication. The properties of the emulsions were investigated via ultraviolet ray spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, confocal laser scanning microscope, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Fourier transform infra-red spectrometer, and fluorescence spectrum. Shelf life was predicted by the Arrhenius model. RESULTS Casein- and WPC-krill oil emulsions were well formed; the mean particle diameters were less than 128.19 ± 0.64 nm and 158 ± 1.56 nm, the polymer dispersity indices were less than 0.26 ± 0.01 and 0.27 ± 0.01, and the zeta potential were around -46.88 ± 5.02 mV and -33.51 ± 2.68 mV, respectively. Shelf life was predicted to be 32.67 ± 1.55 days and 29.62 ± 0.65 days (40 °C), 27.69 ± 1.15 days and 23.58 ± 0.14 days (50 °C), 24.02 ± 0.15 days and 20.1 ± 0.08 days (60 °C). CONCLUSION The prepared krill oil emulsions have great potential to become a new krill oil supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Lu Lv
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Deyang Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao Miao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Honglei Zhan
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Liang X, Qu Y, Gou X, Hu X, Zhou W, Bai J, Qin R, Wang J, Diao E, Zhou X. Characterization of the potential allergenicity of enzymatically hydrolyzed casein in Balb/c mouse model. J Food Sci 2024; 89:3037-3047. [PMID: 38563099 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Bovine casein is a major allergen present in cow milk to induce anaphylaxis. In this study, the potential allergenicity of enzymatically hydrolyzed casein (HC) was evaluated based on in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that Alcalase and Protamex treatment (AT, PT) reduced the potential allergenicity of CN, with the greatest reductions of 68.25% and 50.75%, respectively. In addition, in vivo results showed that HC effectively alleviated allergic response symptoms of Balb/c mice; a significant tendency toward decreased serum IgG1 and mast cell tryptase levels was observed, accompanied by a decrease of Th2-associated IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and an increase of IFN-γ levels in spleen. Moreover, the inflammation of the lung, jejunum, and ileum was remarkably ameliorated. The findings indicated that HC induced a shift toward Th1 response and maintained the Th1/Th2 immune balance. Importantly, our results provide the basis for the production of hypoallergenic dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Liang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety & Nutrition Function Evaluation, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Yezhi Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xiurong Gou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety & Nutrition Function Evaluation, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Xiuming Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety & Nutrition Function Evaluation, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Weini Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety & Nutrition Function Evaluation, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Jingyan Bai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety & Nutrition Function Evaluation, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Rui Qin
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety & Nutrition Function Evaluation, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety & Nutrition Function Evaluation, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Enjie Diao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety & Nutrition Function Evaluation, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhou
- Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun, China
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Younis A, Hussain I, Ahmad SN, Shah A, Inayat I, Kanwal MA, Suleman S, Kamran MA, Matloob S, Ahmad KR. Validation of Bos taurus SNPs for Milk Productivity of Sahiwal Breed ( Bos indicus), Pakistan. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1306. [PMID: 38731312 PMCID: PMC11083440 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was the validation of the already reported Bos taurus SNPs in the Sahiwal breed. A total of nine SNPs of the casein gene were studied. Out of nine, seven Bos taurus SNPs of casein protein genes were found to be significantly associated with milk productivity traits. The genomic DNA was extracted from the mammary alveolar endothelial cells of a flock of 80 purebred Sahiwal lactating dams available at Khizrabad Farm near Sargodha. New allele-specific primers were designed from the NCBI annotated sequence database of Bos taurus to obtain 100 nt-long PCR products. Each dam was tested separately for all the SNPs investigated. Animals with genotype GG for the SNPs rs43703010, rs10500451, and 110323127, respectively, exhibited high milk yield. Similarly, animals with genotype AA for the SNPs rs11079521, rs43703016, and rs43703017 showed high milk yield consistently. For the SNP rs43703015, animals with genotype CC showed high milk productivity. These above-mentioned SNPs have previously been reported to significantly up-regulate casein protein contents in Bos taurus. Our results indicated SNPs that significantly affect the milk protein contents may also significantly increase per capita milk yield. These finding suggest that the above-mentioned reported SNPs can also be used as genetic markers of milk productivity in Sahiwal cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Younis
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (A.Y.); (I.I.); (M.A.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Imtiaz Hussain
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Nadia Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Chakwal, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan;
| | - Amin Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
| | - Iram Inayat
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (A.Y.); (I.I.); (M.A.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Muhammad Ali Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (A.Y.); (I.I.); (M.A.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Sadia Suleman
- Higher Education Department, Government of Punjab, Lahore 40100, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Atif Kamran
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (A.Y.); (I.I.); (M.A.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Saima Matloob
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (A.Y.); (I.I.); (M.A.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Khawaja Raees Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (A.Y.); (I.I.); (M.A.K.); (S.M.)
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Karydis-Messinis A, Kyriakaki C, Triantafyllou E, Tsirka K, Gioti C, Gkikas D, Nesseris K, Exarchos DA, Farmaki S, Giannakas AE, Salmas CE, Matikas TE, Moschovas D, Avgeropoulos A. Development and Physicochemical Characterization of Edible Chitosan- Casein Hydrogel Membranes for Potential Use in Food Packaging. Gels 2024; 10:254. [PMID: 38667673 PMCID: PMC11049393 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing global concern over plastic waste and its environmental impact has led to a growing interest in the development of sustainable packaging alternatives. This study focuses on the innovative use of expired dairy products as a potential resource for producing edible packaging materials. Expired milk and yogurt were selected as the primary raw materials due to their protein and carbohydrate content. The extracted casein was combined with various concentrations of chitosan, glycerol, and squid ink, leading to the studied samples. Chitosan was chosen due to its appealing characteristics, including biodegradability, and film-forming properties, and casein was utilized for its superior barrier and film-forming properties, as well as its biodegradability and non-toxic nature. Glycerol was used to further improve the flexibility of the materials. The prepared hydrogels were characterized using various instrumental methods, and the findings reveal that the expired dairy-based edible packaging materials exhibited promising mechanical properties comparable to conventional plastic packaging and improved barrier properties with zero-oxygen permeability of the hydrogel membranes, indicating that these materials have the potential to effectively protect food products from external factors that could compromise quality and shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Karydis-Messinis
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.K.); (E.T.); (K.T.); (C.G.); (D.A.E.); (S.F.); (C.E.S.); (T.E.M.)
| | - Christina Kyriakaki
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.K.); (E.T.); (K.T.); (C.G.); (D.A.E.); (S.F.); (C.E.S.); (T.E.M.)
| | - Eleni Triantafyllou
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.K.); (E.T.); (K.T.); (C.G.); (D.A.E.); (S.F.); (C.E.S.); (T.E.M.)
| | - Kyriaki Tsirka
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.K.); (E.T.); (K.T.); (C.G.); (D.A.E.); (S.F.); (C.E.S.); (T.E.M.)
| | - Christina Gioti
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.K.); (E.T.); (K.T.); (C.G.); (D.A.E.); (S.F.); (C.E.S.); (T.E.M.)
| | - Dimitris Gkikas
- DODONI SA, 1 Tagmatarchi Kostaki, Eleousa, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (D.G.); (K.N.)
| | | | - Dimitrios A. Exarchos
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.K.); (E.T.); (K.T.); (C.G.); (D.A.E.); (S.F.); (C.E.S.); (T.E.M.)
- Hellenic Institute for Packaging and Agrifood Safety, 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Spyridoula Farmaki
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.K.); (E.T.); (K.T.); (C.G.); (D.A.E.); (S.F.); (C.E.S.); (T.E.M.)
- Hellenic Institute for Packaging and Agrifood Safety, 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Aris E. Giannakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, Greece;
| | - Constantinos E. Salmas
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.K.); (E.T.); (K.T.); (C.G.); (D.A.E.); (S.F.); (C.E.S.); (T.E.M.)
| | - Theodore E. Matikas
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.K.); (E.T.); (K.T.); (C.G.); (D.A.E.); (S.F.); (C.E.S.); (T.E.M.)
- Hellenic Institute for Packaging and Agrifood Safety, 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.K.); (E.T.); (K.T.); (C.G.); (D.A.E.); (S.F.); (C.E.S.); (T.E.M.)
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.K.); (E.T.); (K.T.); (C.G.); (D.A.E.); (S.F.); (C.E.S.); (T.E.M.)
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Liu Y, Zhen H, Wu X, Wang J, Luo Y, Hu J, Liu X, Li S, Li M, Shi B, Ren C, Gu Y, Hao Z. Molecular Characteristics of JAK2 and Its Effect on the Milk Fat and Casein Synthesis of Ovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4027. [PMID: 38612844 PMCID: PMC11012485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to its association with milk protein synthesis via the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway, JAK2 also affects milk fat synthesis. However, to date, there have been no reports on the effect of JAK2 on ovine mammary epithelial cells (OMECs), which directly determine milk yield and milk contents. In this study, the coding sequence (CDS) region of ovine JAK2 was cloned and identified and its tissue expression and localization in ovine mammary glands, as well as its effects on the viability, proliferation, and milk fat and casein levels of OMECs, were also investigated. The CDS region of ovine JAK2, 3399 bp in length, was cloned and its authenticity was validated by analyzing its sequence similarity with JAK2 sequences from other animal species using a phylogenetic tree. JAK2 was found to be expressed in six ovine tissues, with the highest expression being in the mammary gland. Over-expressed JAK2 and three groups of JAK2 interference sequences were successfully transfected into OMECs identified by immunofluorescence staining. When compared with the negative control (NC) group, the viability of OMECs was increased by 90.1% in the pcDNA3.1-JAK2 group. The over-expression of JAK2 also increased the number and ratio of EdU-labeled positive OMECs, as well as the expression levels of three cell proliferation marker genes. These findings show that JAK2 promotes the viability and proliferation of OMECs. Meanwhile, the triglyceride content in the over-expressed JAK2 group was 2.9-fold higher than the controls and the expression levels of four milk fat synthesis marker genes were also increased. These results indicate that JAK2 promotes milk fat synthesis. Over-expressed JAK2 significantly up-regulated the expression levels of casein alpha s2 (CSN1S2), casein beta (CSN2), and casein kappa (CSN3) but down-regulated casein alpha s1 (CSN1S1) expression. In contrast, small interfered JAK2 had the opposite effect to JAK2 over-expression on the viability, proliferation, and milk fat and milk protein synthesis of OMECs. In summary, these results demonstrate that JAK2 promotes the viability, proliferation, and milk fat synthesis of OMECs in addition to regulating casein expression in these cells. This study contributes to a better comprehension of the role of JAK2 in the lactation performance of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jiqing Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (C.R.); (Y.G.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiyun Hao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (C.R.); (Y.G.)
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10
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Lokuge GMS, Larsen MK, Maigaard M, Wiking L, Larsen LB, Lund P, Poulsen NA. Effects of feeding whole-cracked rapeseeds, nitrate, and 3-nitrooxypropanol on protein composition, minerals, and vitamin B in milk from Danish Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00642-8. [PMID: 38580150 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the individual or combined effects of feeding dietary fat (whole-cracked rapeseed), nitrate, and 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) on protein profile, mineral composition, B vitamins, and nitrate residues in milk from dairy cows. Forty-eight Danish Holstein cows used in an 8 × 8 incomplete Latin square design were fed 8 factorially arranged diets ((30 or 63 g crude fat/kg DM) × (0 or 10 g nitrate/kg DM) × (0 or 80 mg 3-NOP/kg DM)) over 6 periods of 21 d each. In each period, milk samples were collected from individual cows during the third week by pooling milk obtained from 4 consecutive milkings, and analyzed for protein profile including protein modifications, mineral composition, riboflavin, cobalamin, and presence of nitrate residues. Fat supplementation led to an increase in the phosphorylation degree of αS1-CN by 8.5% due to a decreased relative proportion of αS1-CN 8P and an increased relative proportion of αS1-CN 9P and further to a decrease in the relative proportion of αS2-CN by 2.4%. Additionally, fat supplementation decreased the relative proportions of glycosylated and unglycosylated forms of κ-CN, consequently leading to a 3.6% decrease in total κ-CN. In skim milk, K, Ca, P, and Mg concentrations were altered by individual use of fat, nitrate, and 3-NOP. Feeding nitrate resulted in a 5.4% increase in riboflavin concentration in milk while supplementing 3-NOP increased cobalamin concentration in milk by 21.1%. The nitrate concentration in milk was increased upon feeding nitrate however, this increased concentration was well below the maximum permissible limit of nitrate in milk (<50 mg/L). In conclusion, no major changes were observed in milk protein, and mineral compositions by feeding fat, nitrate, and 3-NOP to dairy cows while the increased riboflavin and cobalamin by nitrate and 3-NOP, respectively, could be of beneficial nutritional value for milk consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayani M S Lokuge
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Mette K Larsen
- Arla Foods Ingredients, ARINCO, Maelkevejen 4, DK-6920 Videbæk, Denmark
| | - M Maigaard
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, AU Viborg - Research Centre Foulum, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - L Wiking
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - L B Larsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - P Lund
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, AU Viborg - Research Centre Foulum, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - N A Poulsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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11
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Wang D, Cao Z, Gao Y, Yang L, Zhao L. Impact of the Pre-Dehydration and Drying Methods on the Mass Transfer and Quality Attributes of Yak Milk Casein. Foods 2024; 13:1062. [PMID: 38611365 PMCID: PMC11012072 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Drying is an important preservation method of casein. Traditional natural draining and drying processes have low efficiency, long processing time, and poor product quality, which urgently need to be improved. This study investigated the effects of pre-dehydration intensities (30 N 30 min (PreD1) and 50 N 30 min (PreD2)) and drying methods (including pulsed vacuum drying (PVD), infrared drying (IRD), and hot air drying (HAD)) on the drying kinetics, drying modeling, and quality of yak milk casein. These findings reveal that PreD2 and PVD both had a positive impact on shortening the drying time. Compared to other combined treatments, PreD2-PVD had the shortest drying time of 6 h. The Midilli-Kucuk mathematical model effectively predicted the drying of casein. The yak milk casein powder treated with PreD2-PVD possessed a higher content of gross compositions, superior color, lower levels of fat oxidation and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and higher emulsifying activity index (EAI) and emulsion stability index (ESI) values. Overall, combining pre-dehydration with PVD proved effective in improving the drying rate and maintaining a good quality of yak milk casein, showing promising potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
| | - Zhi Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.C.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yumei Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.C.); (Y.G.)
| | - Lin Yang
- Food Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China;
| | - Lili Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.C.); (Y.G.)
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12
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Qian J, Zheng L, Huang M, Zhao M. Potential Mechanisms of Casein Hexapeptide YPVEPF on Stress-Induced Anxiety and Insomnia Mice and Its Molecular Effects and Key Active Structure. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:6189-6202. [PMID: 38501577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The hexapeptide YPVEPF with strong sleep-enhancing effects could be detected in rat brain after a single oral administration as we previously proved. In this study, the mechanism and molecular effects of YPVEPF in the targeted stress-induced anxiety mice were first investigated, and its key active structure was further explored. The results showed that YPVEPF could significantly prolong sleep duration and improve the anxiety indexes, including prolonging the time spent in the open arms and in the center. Meanwhile, YPVEPF showed strong sleep-enhancing effects by significantly increasing the level of the GABA/Glu ratio, 5-HT, and dopamine in brain and serum and regulating the anabolism of multiple targets, but the effects could be blocked by bicuculline and WAY100135. Moreover, the molecular simulation results showed that YPVEPF could stably bind to the vital GABAA and 5-HT1A receptors due to the vital structure of Tyr-Pro-Xaa-Xaa-Pro-, and the electrostatic and van der Waals energy played dominant roles in stabilizing the conformation. Therefore, YPVEPF displayed sleep-enhancing and anxiolytic effects by regulating the GABA-Glu metabolic pathway and serotoninergic system depending on distinctive self-folding structures with Tyr and two Pro repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Huapeptides Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhaoqing 526000, China
| | - Mingtao Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, Henan 462300, China
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13
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Iung J, Doyen A, Remondetto G, Pouliot Y, Brisson G. The affinity of milk fat globule membrane fragments and buttermilk proteins to hydroxyapatite. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00572-1. [PMID: 38490551 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Buttermilk differs from skim milk by the presence of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) fragments that are released during cream churning. MFGM is rich in health-promoting components, such as phospholipids and membrane proteins, but these compounds have a negative impact on buttermilk techno-functional properties in dairy applications. The isolation of MFGM from buttermilk improved its functionality while also recovering the MFGM bioactive components. Hydroxyapatite (HA) can be used to extract MFGM by adsorption via charged site interactions. However, the affinity of HA to MFGM or the main buttermilk proteins (casein micelles (CM), β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and α-lactalbumin (α-lac)) is not known. The influence of important physicochemical parameters such as pH and temperature on these interactions is also unclear. For each buttermilk component, a quartz crystal microbalance diffusion analysis was performed to determine the maximum adsorption time and the attached mass density on HA-coated gold sensors. The influence of pH, ionic strength (IS), and temperature (T) on the affinity of each buttermilk component for HA particles was assessed using a 3-levels and 3-factors Box-Behnken design. The absorption rate was highest for the CM, followed by β-lg and α-lac, and then by the MFGM. Nevertheless, the final maximal attached mass densities to the HA were similar for the MFGM and CM, and 2.5 times higher than for β-lg and α-lac. This difference can be explained by the higher number of binding sites found in CM and their heavier mass. The model obtained by the Box-Behnken design plan showed that the adsorption of the CM changed with T, pH and IS. These results suggest that the techno-functional properties of buttermilk may be restored by specifically extracting MFGM with HA. Experiments are ongoing to determine conditions for fractionating MFGM directly from buttermilk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Iung
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - A Doyen
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - G Remondetto
- Agropur Cooperative, St Hubert, Quebec, J3Z 1G5, Canada
| | - Y Pouliot
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - G Brisson
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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14
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Modiri-Dovom A, Arianfar A, Naji-Tabasi S, Hakimzadeh V. Production and investigation of Pickering emulsion stabilised by casein-Qodume Shirazi ( Alyssum homolocarpum) seed gum complex particles: gastrointestinal digestion. J Microencapsul 2024; 41:79-93. [PMID: 37982588 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2023.2282987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been growing research interests in designing Pickering emulsions. In this work, Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) and casein protein (CP) nanoparticles (NPs) fabricated as Pickering stabilizers. AHSG (0.0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15% (w/w))-CP (2% (w/w)) nanoparticles were fabricated and their properties were investigated (mean diameter, morphology, zeta potential, Fourier transform infra-red, and contact angle). Formation and stability of Pickering emulsion (Pes) stabilized by AHSG-CP NPs were monitored by mean diameter, rheological properties, and in vitro digestion. AHSG-CP Nps exhibited a small size (107.75 ± 0.42-201.52 ± 0.70 nm) and had wettability between 64.94 ± 3.44° and 70.92 ± 7.64°. The stability of PEs was greatly improved by 0.05AHSG-CP NPs, even after 30 days of storage, centrifugation, and in vitro digestion, owing to the reinforcement of particle structure at the oil/water interfaces.This study demonstrates that 0.05% (w/w) AHSG-CP NP showed the highest stability during storage and against gastrointestinal digestion which showed its suitability as a fat reducer emulsion structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Modiri-Dovom
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
| | - Akram Arianfar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
| | - Sara Naji-Tabasi
- Department of Food Nanotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Hakimzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
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15
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Viora L, Tichané T, Nottelet B, Mouton J, Garric X, Van Den Berghe H, Coudane J. Casein-based conjugates and graft copolymers. Synthesis, properties, and applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13306. [PMID: 38369928 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Biobased natural polymers, including polymers of natural origin such as casein, are growing rapidly in the light of the environmental pollution caused by many mass-produced commercial synthetic polymers. Although casein has interesting intrinsic properties, especially for the food industry, numerous chemical reactions have been carried out to broaden the range of its properties, most of them preserving casein's nontoxicity and biodegradability. New conjugates and graft copolymers have been developed especially by Maillard reaction of the amine functions of the casein backbone with the aldehyde functions of sugars, polysaccharides, or other molecules. Carried out with dialdehydes, these reactions lead to the cross-linking of casein giving three-dimensional polymers. Acylation and polymerization of various monomers initiated by amine functions are also described. Other reactions, far less numerous, involve alcohol and carboxylic acid functions in casein. This review provides an overview of casein-based conjugates and graft copolymers, their properties, and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurianne Viora
- IBMM (Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron), CNRS, Montpellier University, ENSCM, Department "Polymers for Health and Biomaterials", Pôle Chimie Balard, Montpellier, France
| | - Teddy Tichané
- IBMM (Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron), CNRS, Montpellier University, ENSCM, Department "Polymers for Health and Biomaterials", Pôle Chimie Balard, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Nottelet
- IBMM (Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron), CNRS, Montpellier University, ENSCM, Department "Polymers for Health and Biomaterials", Pôle Chimie Balard, Montpellier, France
| | - Julia Mouton
- Polymers Composites and Hybrids (PPCH), IMT Mines d'Alès, Alès, France
- EPF Graduate School of Engineering, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Garric
- IBMM (Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron), CNRS, Montpellier University, ENSCM, Department "Polymers for Health and Biomaterials", Pôle Chimie Balard, Montpellier, France
- Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, Nimes, France
| | - Hélène Van Den Berghe
- IBMM (Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron), CNRS, Montpellier University, ENSCM, Department "Polymers for Health and Biomaterials", Pôle Chimie Balard, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Coudane
- IBMM (Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron), CNRS, Montpellier University, ENSCM, Department "Polymers for Health and Biomaterials", Pôle Chimie Balard, Montpellier, France
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16
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Saad K, Shabaan I, Hassan AEMM, Ezzat M, Abouzed MA, Hamed Y, Ibrahim MFM, Gad EF. Gluten-Free, Casein-Free Diet for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Controlled Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2024; 16:S905-S908. [PMID: 38595631 PMCID: PMC11001083 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1074_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Numerous therapeutic and dietary interventions have been examined in the last thirty years for pediatric patients diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our interventional study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the gluten-free, casein-free (GFCF) diet in a cohort of Egyptian children with ASD. Materials and Methods The present clinical trial was conducted as a prospective 12-month, open-label, case-controlled interventional study. Thirty-six ASD children who were newly diagnosed and had not taken any prior psychiatric or rehabilitation therapy were included in this study. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups: group A, which received the GFCF diet, and group B, which served as the control group and was not restricted to food containing gluten and casein for 12 months. All patients were followed up for 1 year. Results Following the implementation of the GFCF diet in group A, significant improvements in CARS scores were observed compared to group B after 6-month and 1-year follow-up periods. Conclusions The introduction of the GFCF diet could be helpful and promising for autistic children. Conclusive evidence regarding the effectiveness of the GFCF diet remains a subject of controversy. Nonetheless, our study contributes some evidence supporting its potential benefits for children with ASD. It is recommended that future research on the GFCF diet employ a more sophisticated research design, incorporating a consistent baseline measure that can effectively assess the therapeutic effects of these interventions for individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Saad
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Islam Shabaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Ezzat
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abouzed
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasser Hamed
- Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Eman F. Gad
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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17
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Peniche H, Razonado IA, Alcouffe P, Sudre G, Peniche C, Osorio-Madrazo A, David L. Wet-Spun Chitosan-Sodium Caseinate Fibers for Biomedicine: From Spinning Process to Physical Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1768. [PMID: 38339046 PMCID: PMC10855522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We designed and characterized chitosan-caseinate fibers processed through wet spinning for biomedical applications such as drug delivery from knitted medical devices. Sodium caseinate was either incorporated directly into the chitosan dope or allowed to diffuse into the chitosan hydrogel from a coagulation bath containing sodium caseinate and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The latter route, where caseinate was incorporated in the neutralization bath, produced fibers with better mechanical properties for textile applications than those formed by the chitosan-caseinate mixed collodion route. The latter processing method consists of enriching a pre-formed chitosan hydrogel with caseinate, preserving the structure of the semicrystalline hydrogel without drastically affecting interactions involved in the chitosan self-assembly. Thus, dried fibers, after coagulation in a NaOH/sodium caseinate aqueous bath, exhibited preserved ultimate mechanical properties. The crystallinity ratio of chitosan was not significantly impacted by the presence of caseinate. However, when caseinate was incorporated into the chitosan dope, chitosan-caseinate fibers exhibited lower ultimate mechanical properties, possibly due to a lower entanglement density in the amorphous phase of the chitosan matrix. A standpoint is to optimize the chitosan-caseinate composition ratio and processing route to find a good compromise between the preservation of fiber mechanical properties and appropriate fiber composition for potential application in drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Peniche
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, Universite J. Monnet, CNRS, UMR 5223, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; (H.P.); (I.A.R.); (P.A.); (G.S.)
- Biomaterials Center, University of Havana, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Ivy Ann Razonado
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, Universite J. Monnet, CNRS, UMR 5223, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; (H.P.); (I.A.R.); (P.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Pierre Alcouffe
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, Universite J. Monnet, CNRS, UMR 5223, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; (H.P.); (I.A.R.); (P.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Guillaume Sudre
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, Universite J. Monnet, CNRS, UMR 5223, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; (H.P.); (I.A.R.); (P.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Carlos Peniche
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana 10600, Cuba;
| | - Anayancy Osorio-Madrazo
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC), Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Laboratory of Organ Printing, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Laurent David
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, Universite J. Monnet, CNRS, UMR 5223, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; (H.P.); (I.A.R.); (P.A.); (G.S.)
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18
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Cámara-Martos F. Influence of Dietary Fibre and Protein Fractions on the Trace Element Bioaccessibility of Turnip Tops ( Brassica rapa) Growing under Mediterranean Conditions. Foods 2024; 13:462. [PMID: 38338598 PMCID: PMC10855086 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the influence of three dietary fibre fractions (pectin, gum arabic and cellulose) and three protein fractions (casein, lactalbumin and soy) on the trace element bioaccessibility (Fe, Mn, Ni, Se and Zn) of turnip tops (B. rapa subsp. Rapa) growing under Mediterranean conditions. Then, it aimed to promote the use of this vegetable not only for direct fresh consumption but also as a main ingredient in the development of food mixtures. The results showed that soluble fibre fractions, such as pectin and gum arabic, can enhance the bioaccessibility of trace elements, such as Fe, Mn, Se and Zn. This effect was not proved for cellulose (an insoluble fibre fraction), in which, at best, no bioaccessibility effect was observed. Regarding the protein fractions, with the exception of Se, caseins and lactalbumin had a neutral effect on improving the trace element bioaccessibility. This did not hold true for soy protein, in which a considerable improvement in the bioaccessibility of Fe, Mn, Se and Zn was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cámara-Martos
- Departamento de Bromatología y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
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19
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Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh N. Evidence of additive genetic variation for major milk proteins in dairy cows: A meta-analysis. J Anim Breed Genet 2024. [PMID: 38230949 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In the past, there have been reports of genetic parameters for milk proteins in various dairy cattle populations. The high variability among genetic parameter estimates has been caused by this. This study aimed to use a random-effects meta-analysis model to compile published estimates of genetic parameter for major milk proteins of α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, sum of whey proteins, casein, αs1 -casein, αs2 -casein, β-casein, and κ-casein in dairy cows. The study used a total of 140 heritability and 256 genetic correlation estimates from 23 papers published between 2004 and 2022. The estimated range of milk protein heritability is from 0.284 (for α-lactalbumin in milk) to 0.596 (for sum of whey proteins). The genetic correlation estimates between casein and milk yield, milk fat and protein percentages were -0.461, 0.693, and 0.976, respectively (p < 0.05). The genetic correlation estimates between milk proteins expressed as a percentage of milk were significant and varied from 0.177 (between β-lactoglobulin and κ-casein) to 0.892 (between αs1 -casein and αs2 -casein). Moderate-to-high heritability estimates for milk proteins and their low genetic associations with milk yield and composition indicated the possibility for improving milk proteins in a genetic selection plan with negligible correlated effects on production traits in dairy cows.
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20
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Sharma D, Lande AG, Sameni D, Yadav DN, Kapila R, Kapila S. Comparative evaluation of milk proteins and oil-seed-cake-derived proteins extracted by chemical and biological methods for obesity management. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:315-327. [PMID: 37592881 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In light of the exponential rise in global population, there is a critical requirement to reduce food waste on a global scale. According to studies, agricultural wastes such as oil-seed cakes offer great nutritional value. Acid precipitation (A) and alkaline extraction methods (traditional methods) were used to extract protein from oil-seed cakes; however, both procedures are linked to decreased protein quality and quantity, which prompted the development of a novel strategy known as the biological/microbial/probiotic (B) method. Therefore, the present study aimed to highlight the optimal way of protein extraction from oil-seed cakes and the effect of extraction methods on protein efficacy against obesity. The outcomes were also compared with milk proteins. RESULTS In vitro study provided evidence that proteins from both sources (plant and milk) suppressed adipogenesis and stimulated adipolysis in 3T3L-1 cells. For the in vivo study, mice were fed with different protein extracts: soya protein preparation (SPP), ground protein preparation (GPP), whey protein (WP) and casein protein (CP) containing 40% of their calories as fat. Body weight decreased significantly in all the rats except CP-fed rats. Body mass index, atherogenic index, plasma triglyceride and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level decreased significantly in all the groups in comparison to the model group (high-fat-diet group), but the decrease was more pronounced in plant proteins than milk proteins. In hepatocytes, the expression of fasting-induced adipose factor, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α genes was increased significantly in SPP-fed groups. Adiponectin gene expression was upregulated significantly in visceral fat tissue in groups fed SPP-B, GPP-A and CP, whereas leptin gene was downregulated significantly in all groups except SPP-A. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that SPP-B showed the most effective anti-obesity property, followed by WP. Additionally, we found that the biological precipitation approach produced better outcomes for plant proteins isolated from oil-seed cakes than the acid precipitation method. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Sharma
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Abhijit Gajanan Lande
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Deepika Sameni
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | | | - Rajeev Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Suman Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
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21
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Rubio LA. Dietary Milk or Isolated Legume Proteins Modulate Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:149. [PMID: 38201979 PMCID: PMC10781060 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Shifts toward increased proteolytic fermentation, such as, for example, in athlete and high-protein weight loss diets, may alter the relative abundance of microbial species in the gut and generate bioactive, potentially deleterious metabolic products. In the current investigation, intestinal (caecal) microbiota composition was studied in rats fed diets differing only in their constituent proteins: milk (casein (CAS), lactalbumin (LA)) or legume (Cicer arietinum, Lupinus angustifolius) protein isolates (chickpea protein isolate (CPI), lupin protein isolate (LI)). ANOSIM and Discriminant Analysis showed significant (p < 0.05) differences at both family and genus levels in both microbiota composition and functionality as a consequence of feeding the different proteins. Differences were also significant (p < 0.05) for predicted functionality parameters as determined by PICRUSt analysis. LA induced a generally healthier microbiota composition than CAS, and higher amounts of Methanobrevibacter spp. and Methanogenic_PWY were found in the LI group. LEfSe analysis of bacterial composition and functional activities revealed a number of groups/functions able to explain the different effects found with milk and legume protein isolates. In conclusion, the mostly beneficial modulation of intestinal microbiota generally found with legume-based diets is likely to be due, at least in part, to their constituent proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Rubio
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Sustainable Production, Estación Experimental del Zaidin (CSIC), Profesor Abareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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22
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Cronin C, Muñoz Archidona C, Fernández Prudencio B, Gallagher A, Velasco Zuniga R, Trujillo Wurttele J. Real-Life Use of Component-Specific IgE in IgE-Mediated Cow's Milk Protein Allergy in a Spanish Paediatric Allergy Centre. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:76. [PMID: 37987254 PMCID: PMC10660737 DOI: 10.3390/antib12040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Spain, IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) affects approximately 0.69% of infants. Molecular diagnosis may be useful for monitoring natural spontaneous tolerance development in CMPA. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyse a cohort of paediatric patients with IgE-mediated CMPA who were avoiding milk products awaiting natural tolerance and determine the relationship between disease persistence and major cow's milk allergens. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 200 patients diagnosed with IgE-mediated CMPA between 2011 and 2020 was conducted. Patients strictly avoided milk products until an oral food challenge was performed. The main outcome was the introduction of liquid milk following a negative oral food challenge and its correlation with IgE and SPT measurements of milk components at diagnosis. Secondary outcomes included the rate of allergic reactions and anaphylaxis during the treatment period and its correlation with IgE and SPT measurements. RESULTS Of the 200 charts analysed, 122 patients had a negative oral food challenge to milk (61.0%) (95% confidence interval (CI): 54.1-67.5) following a period of strict avoidance of milk. Higher levels of component-specific IgE, especially casein, were associated with failure in the oral food challenge (p = 0.02). Allergic reactions were experienced by 106 children (53%), of which 34 (17%; 95% CI: 12.4-22.8) had anaphylactic reactions. The risk of anaphylaxis was not predicted by raised IgE levels. CONCLUSIONS While a large proportion of children acquired natural tolerance to cow's milk following a period of strict avoidance, IgE-mediated CMPA persisted in many children. Casein IgE levels at diagnosis were raised in those who failed to achieve natural tolerance. Allergic reactions to milk, including anaphylaxis, occurred commonly, but this was not predicted by raised IgE levels or SPT measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe Cronin
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), HRB Clinical Research Facility Cork (CRF-C), Cork University Hospital, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Aoife Gallagher
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), HRB Clinical Research Facility Cork (CRF-C), Cork University Hospital, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics, Cork University Hospital, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
| | - Roberto Velasco Zuniga
- Paediatric Emergency Unit, Hospital Universitari Parc Tauli Barcelona, 08208 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Trujillo Wurttele
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), HRB Clinical Research Facility Cork (CRF-C), Cork University Hospital, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics, Cork University Hospital, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
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23
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Brzyski P, Boris R. The Influence of Acid Casein on the Selected Properties of Lime-Metakaolin Mortars. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7050. [PMID: 37959646 PMCID: PMC10649651 DOI: 10.3390/ma16217050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the ways to modify selected parameters of lime mortars is the use of biopolymers of animal origin, such as bone glue, skin glue, bovine blood, eggs, and casein. These are protein-based biopolymers. Casein is an example of an organic polymer produced from cow's milk. The aim of the work was to investigate the possibilities of improving selected properties of mortars based on hydrated lime and metakaolin. The mixture was modified with powdered technical casein in amounts of 0.5%, 1.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% as a partial mass replacement for the binding mixture. Additionally, the influence of increasing the amount of water on the properties of the mortar with a casein admixture of 2% was checked. This study examined consistency, shrinkage, water absorption, capillary action, porosity, flexural, compressive strength, and Young's modulus. The admixture of casein influenced the properties of the mortar, but not in all cases, and it was possible to determine a clear trend related to the variable amount of casein. Strength properties deteriorated as the amount of casein increased. When air bubbles were introduced into the mortar after the casein was dissolved, the porosity increased as the amount of admixture increased. The moisture properties improved; namely, casein led to a reduction in water absorption and water absorption caused by capillary action. No relationship was observed between the amount of casein and the drying shrinkage. Increasing the amount of water in the mixture led to the expected effects, i.e., an increase in porosity, shrinkage, and water absorption, and a decrease in mechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Brzyski
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, 40 Nadbystrzycka St., 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Boris
- Institute of Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 28 Linkmenu St., LT-08217 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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24
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Regula P, Agress A, Rosenstreich D, Rubinstein A, Ramesh M. Adult-onset IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy-a rare phenotype. J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob 2023; 2:100142. [PMID: 37781661 PMCID: PMC10509834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Cow's milk allergy has been studied extensively in infants and young children and has public health importance around the globe. We describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of 3 cases of a rare presentation of adult-onset IgE-mediated cows' milk allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prudhvi Regula
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Ariela Agress
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - David Rosenstreich
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Arye Rubinstein
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Manish Ramesh
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
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25
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Trotta RJ, Swanson KC, Klotz JL, Harmon DL. Postruminal Casein Infusion and Exogenous Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 Administration Differentially Stimulate Pancreatic α-Amylase and Small Intestinal α-Glucosidase Activity in Cattle. J Nutr 2023; 153:2854-2867. [PMID: 37573014 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing luminal carbohydrate flow decreases pancreatic α-amylase activity but can increase jejunal maltase activity, suggesting that regulation of carbohydrase activity is perhaps uncoordinated in response to luminal carbohydrate flow. Increasing luminal casein flow increases pancreatic α-amylase activity in cattle, and exogenous glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) has been shown to increase small intestinal α-glucosidase activity in nonruminants. OBJECTIVES The objective was to evaluate the effects of postruminal casein infusion, exogenous GLP-2, or their combination on endogenous pancreatic and small intestinal carbohydrase activity in cattle postruminally infused with starch. METHODS Holstein steers [n = 24; 250 ± 23 kg body weight (BW)] received a continuous abomasal infusion of 3.94 g raw corn starch/kg of BW combined with either 0 or 1.30 g casein/kg of BW. Steers received subcutaneous injections in 2 equal portions daily of excipient (0.5% bovine serum albumin) or 100 μg GLP-2/kg of BW per day. At the end of the 7-d treatment period, steers were slaughtered for tissue collection. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.). RESULTS Postruminal casein infusion increased (P ≤ 0.03) pancreatic mass by 12.6%, total pancreatic α-amylase activity by 50%, and postruminal starch disappearance from 96.7% to 99.3%. Exogenous GLP-2 increased (P < 0.01) total small intestinal and mucosal mass by 1.2 kg and 896 g, respectively. Relative to control, GLP-2 and casein + GLP-2 increased (P = 0.04) total small intestinal α-glucosidase activity by 83.5%. Total small intestinal maltase, isomaltase, and glucoamylase activity was 90%, 100%, and 66.7% greater for GLP-2 and casein + GLP-2 steers compared with control. CONCLUSIONS Casein increased pancreatic α-amylase activity, GLP-2 increased small intestinal α-glucosidase activity, and the combination of casein and GLP-2 increased both pancreatic α-amylase activity and small intestinal α-glucosidase activity. This novel approach provides an in vivo model to evaluate effects of increasing endogenous carbohydrase activity on small intestinal starch digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Trotta
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Kendall C Swanson
- Department of Animal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - James L Klotz
- Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - David L Harmon
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
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26
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Urashima Y, Ueno T, Takeda C, Kusaba H, Tanaka R, Noda K, Kawakami K, Murakami T, Kawaguchi A, Suemitsu Y, Urashima K, Suzuki K, Kurachi K, Nishihara M, Neo M, Myotoku M, Kobori T, Obata T. Study on enteral nutrient components causing decreased gastric phenytoin absorption. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2023; 47:911-919. [PMID: 37376765 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we revealed that coadministration of particular enteral nutrients (ENs) decreases plasma concentrations and gastric absorption of phenytoin (PHT), an antiepileptic drug, in rats; however, the mechanism has not been clarified. METHODS We measured the permeability rate of PHT using a Caco-2 cell monolayer as a human intestinal absorption model with casein, soy protein, simulated gastrointestinal digested casein protein (G-casein or P-casein) or simulated gastrointestinal digested soy protein (G-soy or P-soy), dextrin, sucrose, degraded guar gum, indigestible dextrin, calcium, and magnesium, which are abundant in the ENs, and measured the solution's properties. RESULTS We demonstrated that casein (40 mg/ml), G-soy or P-soy (10 mg/ml), and dextrin (100 mg/ml) significantly decreased the permeability rate of PHT compared with the control. By contrast, G-casein or P-casein significantly increased the permeability rate of PHT. We also found that the PHT binding rate to casein 40 mg/ml was 90%. Furthermore, casein 40 mg/ml and dextrin 100 mg/ml have high viscosity. Moreover, G-casein and P-casein significantly decreased the transepithelial electrical resistance of Caco-2 cell monolayers compared with casein and the control. CONCLUSION Casein, digested soy protein, and dextrin decreased the gastric absorption of PHT. However, digested casein decreased PHT absorption by reducing the strength of tight junctions. The composition of ENs may affect the absorption of PHT differently, and these findings would aid in the selection of ENs for orally administered PHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Urashima
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ueno
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chiyuki Takeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kusaba
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rina Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Karin Noda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanako Kawakami
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuo Murakami
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aoi Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Suemitsu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Urashima
- Department of Pharmacy, Japan Community Health Care Organization Hoshigaoka Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kurachi
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masami Nishihara
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Neo
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiaki Myotoku
- Laboratory of Practical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuro Kobori
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tokio Obata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
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Lee J, Martin F, Goussé E, Dolivet A, Boissel F, Paul A, Burgain J, Tanguy G, Jeantet R, Le Floch-Fouéré C. Unravelling the Influence of Composition and Heat Treatment on Key Characteristics of Dairy Protein Powders Using a Multifactorial Approach. Foods 2023; 12:3192. [PMID: 37685125 PMCID: PMC10486507 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to improve understanding of the structural and functional property changes that milk-protein concentrates undergo during production, particularly how the manufacturing route (heat treatment position and intensity), standardization (in osmosed water or ultrafiltrate permeate) and formulation (casein:whey protein (Cas:WP) ratio) influence the physico-chemical characteristics-hygroscopicity, particle size, sphericity, density and evolution of browning during storage. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the parameters responsible for the distinctive characteristics of different powders, a multifactorial approach was adopted. Hygroscopicity depended mainly on the standardizing solution and to a lesser extent the Cas:WP ratio. The particle size of the heat-treated casein-dominant powders was up to 5 μm higher than for those that had had no heat treatment regardless of the standardizing solution, which also had no influence on the sphericity of the powder particles. The density of the powders increased up to 800 kg·m-3 with a reduced proportion of casein, and lactose and whey proteins participated in browning reactions during storage at 13 °C. In increasing order, the modality of heat treatment, the standardizing solution and the Cas:WP protein ratio influenced the key characteristics. This work is relevant for industrial applications to increase control over the functionalities of powdered products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehyun Lee
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (F.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.); (G.T.); (R.J.)
| | - François Martin
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (F.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.); (G.T.); (R.J.)
- Centre National Interprofessionnel de l’Economie Laitière (CNIEL), 75314 Paris, France;
| | - Emeline Goussé
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (F.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.); (G.T.); (R.J.)
| | - Anne Dolivet
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (F.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.); (G.T.); (R.J.)
| | - Françoise Boissel
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (F.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.); (G.T.); (R.J.)
| | - Arnaud Paul
- Centre National Interprofessionnel de l’Economie Laitière (CNIEL), 75314 Paris, France;
- Laboratoire LIBio, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France;
| | | | - Gaëlle Tanguy
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (F.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.); (G.T.); (R.J.)
| | - Romain Jeantet
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (F.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.); (G.T.); (R.J.)
| | - Cécile Le Floch-Fouéré
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (F.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.); (G.T.); (R.J.)
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de Vasconcelos ML, Oliveira LMFS, Hill JP, Vidal AMC. Difficulties in Establishing the Adverse Effects of β-Casomorphin-7 Released from β- Casein Variants-A Review. Foods 2023; 12:3151. [PMID: 37685085 PMCID: PMC10486734 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) is a peptide released through the proteolysis of β-casein (β-CN), which is considered a bioactive peptide displaying evidence of promoting the binding and activation of the μ-opioid receptor located in various body parts, such as the gastrointestinal tract, the immune system and potentially the central nervous system. The possible effects of BCM-7 on health are a theme rising in popularity due to evidence found in several studies on the modulation of gastrointestinal proinflammatory responses that can trigger digestive symptoms, such as abdominal discomfort. With the advancement of studies, the hypothesis that there is a correlation of the possible effects of BCM-7 with the microbiota-gut-brain axis has been established. However, some studies have suggested the possibility that these adverse effects are restricted to a portion of the population, and the topic is controversial due to the small number of in vivo studies, which makes it difficult to obtain more conclusive results. In addition, a threshold of exposure to BCM-7 has not yet been established to clarify the potential of this peptide to trigger physiological responses at gastrointestinal and systemic levels. The proportion of the population that can be considered more susceptible to the effects of BCM-7 are evidenced in the literature review. The challenges of establishing the adverse effects of BCM-7 are discussed, including the importance of quantifying the BCM-7 release in the different β-CN genotypes. In summary, the reviewed literature provides plausible indications of the hypothesis of a relationship between β-CN A1/BCM-7 and adverse health effects; however, there is need for further, especially in vivo studies, to better understand and confirm the physiological effects of this peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Liliane de Vasconcelos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (M.L.d.V.); (L.M.F.S.O.)
| | - Luisa Maria F. S. Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (M.L.d.V.); (L.M.F.S.O.)
| | - Jeremy Paul Hill
- Department Sustainable Nutrition Initiative, Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand, and Fonterra Research & Development Centre, Palmerston North 4472, New Zealand;
| | - Ana Maria Centola Vidal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (M.L.d.V.); (L.M.F.S.O.)
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Pu Z, Liu S, Guo Z, Zhang X, Yan J, Tang Y, Xiao H, Gao J, Li Y, Bai Q. Casein Reactivates Dopaminergic Nerve Injury and Intestinal Inflammation with Disturbing Intestinal Microflora and Fecal Metabolites in a Convalescent Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model. Neuroscience 2023; 524:120-136. [PMID: 37321369 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disease, with pathogenic causes elusive and short of effective treatment options. Investigations have found that dairy products positively correlate with the onset of PD, but the mechanisms remain unexplored. As casein is an antigenic component in dairy products, this study assessed if casein could exacerbate PD-related symptoms by stimulating intestinal inflammation and unbalanced intestinal flora and be a risk factor for PD. Using a convalescent PD mouse model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), the results showed casein reduced motor coordination, caused gastrointestinal dysfunction, reduced dopamine content, and induced intestinal inflammation. Meanwhile, casein disturbed gut microbiota homeostasis by increasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, decreasing α-diversity, and caused abnormal alterations in fecal metabolites. However, these adverse effects of casein attenuated much when it had hydrolyzed by acid or when antibiotics inhibited the intestinal microbiota of the mice. Therefore, our results suggested that casein could reactivate dopaminergic nerve injury and intestinal inflammation and exacerbate intestinal flora disorder and its metabolites in convalescent PD mice. These damaging effects might be related to disordered protein digestion and gut microbiota in these mice. These findings will provide new insights into the impact of milk/dairy products on PD progression and supply information on dietary options for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjia Pu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shuya Liu
- Chongqing Institute of TB Prevention and Treatment, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing 400050, China
| | - Zeming Guo
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Chongqing Orthopedics Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400012, China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jieying Gao
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yingli Li
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qunhua Bai
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Nielsen SDH, Liang N, Rathish H, Kim BJ, Lueangsakulthai J, Koh J, Qu Y, Schulz HJ, Dallas DC. Bioactive milk peptides: an updated comprehensive overview and database. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37504497 PMCID: PMC10822030 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2240396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Partial digestion of milk proteins leads to the formation of numerous bioactive peptides. Previously, our research team thoroughly examined the decades of existing literature on milk bioactive peptides across species to construct the milk bioactive peptide database (MBPDB). Herein, we provide a comprehensive update to the data within the MBPDB and a review of the current state of research for each functional category from in vitro to animal and clinical studies, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV inhibitory, opioid, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, calcium absorption and bone health and anticancer activity. This information will help drive future research on the bioactivities of milk peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ningjian Liang
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Harith Rathish
- Department of Computer Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bum Jin Kim
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Jeewon Koh
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Yunyao Qu
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Hans-Jörg Schulz
- Department of Computer Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David C. Dallas
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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31
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Abstract
The name casein is given to a family of phosphoproteins which is commonly found in milk. Until recently, this was a constituent of milk that was commonly discarded; however today, it is widely used in health supplements all over the world. In this work, a high loading (50 wt%) of casein is mixed with a solution of polycaprolactone (PCL) to produce bandage-like fibres with an average fibre diameter of 1.4 ± 0.5 µm, which would be used to cover wounds in a series of tests with diabetic rats. Mouse fibroblast cell viability tests show that the casein-loaded fibres had little cytotoxicity with over 90% observed viability. A 14-day in vivo trial involving three groups of rats, used as control (no treatment), pure PCL fibres and casein-loaded fibres, showed that the casein within the fibres contributed to a significantly more extensive healing process. Histological analysis showed increased development of granulation tissue and follicle regrowth for the casein-loaded fibres. Further analysis showed that casein-loaded fibres have significantly lower levels of TNF-α, TGF-β IL-1β, NF-κB and IL-6, contributing to superior healing. The results presented here show an economical and simple approach to advanced wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubair Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Ece Guler
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Gul Sinemcan Ozcan
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Applied Center, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Emin Cam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
- Biomedical Engineering, Aveiro University, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | | | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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32
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Warren D, Benedito VA, Skinner RC, Alawadi A, Vendemiatti E, Laub DJ, Showman C, Matak K, Tou JC. Low-Protein Diets Composed of Protein Recovered from Food Processing Supported Growth, but Induced Mild Hepatic Steatosis Compared with a No-Protein Diet in Young Female Rats. J Nutr 2023; 153:1668-1679. [PMID: 36990182 PMCID: PMC10447611 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living in low-income countries often restricts the consumption of adequate protein and animal protein. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of feeding low-protein diets on growth and liver health using proteins recovered from animal processing. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 28 d) were randomly assigned (n = 8 rats/group) to be fed standard purified diets with 0% or 10% kcal protein that was comprised of either carp, whey, or casein. RESULTS Rats that were fed low-protein diets showed higher growth but developed mild hepatic steatosis compared to rats that were fed a no-protein diet, regardless of the protein source. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions targeting the expression of genes involved in liver lipid homeostasis were not significantly different among groups. Global RNA-sequencing technology identified 9 differentially expressed genes linked to folate-mediated 1-carbon metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and metabolic diseases. Canonical pathway analysis revealed that mechanisms differed depending on the protein source. ER stress and dysregulated energy metabolism were implicated in hepatic steatosis in carp- and whey-fed rats. In contrast, impaired liver one-carbon methylations, lipoprotein assembly, and lipid export were implicated in casein-fed rats. CONCLUSIONS Carp sarcoplasmic protein showed comparable results to commercially available casein and whey protein. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms in hepatic steatosis development can assist formulation of proteins recovered from food processing into a sustainable source of high-quality protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Warren
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States; Department of Biology, University of the Ozarks, Clarksville, AR, United States
| | - Vagner A Benedito
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - R Chris Skinner
- Food Systems Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Ayad Alawadi
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Eloisa Vendemiatti
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - David J Laub
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Casey Showman
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Kristen Matak
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Janet C Tou
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.
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Dijk FJ, Hofman Z, Luiking YC, Furber MJW, Roberts JD, van Helvoort A, van Dijk M. Muscle Protein Synthesis with a Hybrid Dairy and Plant-Based Protein Blend (P4) Is Equal to Whey Protein in a Murine Ageing Model after Fasting. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112569. [PMID: 37299532 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
P4, a specific combination of dairy proteins (whey and casein) and plant-based protein isolates (pea and soy), has been shown to provide a more balanced amino acid (AA) profile than its single constituent proteins; however, less is known about how this translates to muscle protein synthesis (MPS). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of P4 compared to whey or casein against fasted control on MPS. C57BL/6J mice, aged 25 months, were fasted overnight, followed by oral gavage of either whey, P4, casein, or water as a fasted control. Thirty minutes after ingestion, puromycin (0.04 µmol∙g-1 bodyweight) was subcutaneously injected; 30-min thereafter, mice were sacrificed. MPS was measured by the SUnSET method, and signalling proteins were determined in the left-tibialis anterior (TA) muscle by the WES technique. AA composition was determined in plasma and right-TA muscle. Dried blood spots (DBS) were analysed for postprandial AA dynamics at 10, 20, 45, 60 min. MPS was 1.6-fold increased with whey (p = 0.006) and 1.5-fold with P4 compared to fasted (p = 0.008), while no change was seen with casein. This was confirmed by a significant increase of phosphorylated/total ratio of 4E-BP1 for both whey (p = 0.012) and P4 (p = 0.001). No changes were observed in p70S6K and mTOR phosphorylation/total ratio with whey or P4. Intramuscular leucine levels were lower for P4 (0.71 µmol∙g dry weight-1) compared to whey (0.97 µmol∙g dry weight-1) (p = 0.0007). Ten minutes postprandial, DBS showed significantly increased blood AA levels of BCAAs, histidine, lysine, threonine, arginine, and tyrosine for P4 versus fasted. In conclusion, a hybrid mix of dairy and plant-based proteins (P4) resulted in a MPS response that was similar to whey protein in aged mice after fasting. This suggests that other anabolic triggers beyond leucine or the well-balanced amino acid profile and bioavailability of the blend benefit stimulation of MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zandrie Hofman
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Justin D Roberts
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Ardy van Helvoort
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Benítez-Rojas AC, Jaramillo-Flores ME, Zaca-Moran O, Quiroga-Montes I, Delgado-Macuil RJ. A Study of the Interactions of Heavy Metals in Dairy Matrices Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Chemometric, and In Silico Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091919. [PMID: 37174456 PMCID: PMC10177916 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are among the toxic substances longest recognized by man. Today, due to the myriad sources of exposure, such as contaminated water, food, or air, they have become a major public health problem. This work presents the effects manifested in the infrared spectrum behavior caused by the presence of Cd2+, Cr6+, and Pb2+ at different concentrations in three different matrices: water, casein, and milk; observing that the spectral modifications in the regions of different vibrational modes of nucleophilic groups such as -OH, COO- and NH2 depending on the nature of the metal and its concentration. These findings were correlated in-silico using optimized models in Gabedit software and structural optimization was performed with MOPAC 2016 showing stable structures between the metals and Gln, Hys, Glu, and Phe of casein. By applying chemometrics (Principal Component Analysis), it was possible to observe a good correlation between the experimental data and to discriminate between the type of metal, the matrix that contains it, and the concentration could be represented through linear models that showed adjustments with a value of r2 ≥ 0.95.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo C Benítez-Rojas
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Santa Inés Tecuexcomac 90700, México
| | - María E Jaramillo-Flores
- Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City 07738, México
| | - Orlando Zaca-Moran
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Santa Inés Tecuexcomac 90700, México
| | - Israel Quiroga-Montes
- Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP) A.C., 21 sur #1103, Barrio de Santiago, Puebla 72410, México
| | - Raúl J Delgado-Macuil
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Santa Inés Tecuexcomac 90700, México
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35
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Baek R, Tsuruta T, Nishino N. Modulatory Effects of A1 Milk, A2 Milk, Soy, and Egg Proteins on Gut Microbiota and Fermentation. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1194. [PMID: 37317168 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk can be divided into A1 and A2 types according to β-casein variants, and there is a debate about whether A1 milk consumption exacerbates gut environments. This study examined the cecum microbiota and fermentation in mice fed A1 casein, A2 casein, mixed casein (commercial casein), soy protein isolate, and egg white. The cecum acetic acid concentration was higher, and the relative abundances of Muribaculaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae were greater in mice fed A1 versus A2 casein. The other parameters of cecum fermentation and microbiota composition were similar among the mice fed A1, A2, and mixed caseins. The differences were more distinctive among the three caseins, soy, and egg feedings. Chao 1 and Shannon indices of the cecum microbiota were lowered in egg white-fed mice, and the microbiota of mice fed milk, soy, and egg proteins were separately grouped by principal coordinate analysis. Mice fed the three caseins were characterized by a high abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Clostridiaceae, those fed soy were characterized by Corynebacteriaceae, Muribaculaceae, and Ruminococcaceae, and those fed egg white were characterized by Eggerthellaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae. Thus, although several differences can arise between A1 and A2 caseins in terms of their modulatory effects on gut environments, the differences between milk, soy, and egg proteins can be more distinctive and are worth further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyang Baek
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuruta
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishino
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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36
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Zhang B, Wang Y, Lu R. Pickering emulsion stabilized by casein-caffeic acid covalent nanoparticles to enhance the bioavailability of curcumin in vitro and in vivo. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:3579-3591. [PMID: 36637046 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the design of food-grade Pickering emulsion delivery systems has become an effective strategy for improving the low bioavailability of bioactive substances. Protein-based Pickering emulsions have received extensive attention because of a high biocompatibility and loading capacity. The bioavailability of active substances is mainly evaluated by simulating in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. As a model organism for antioxidation and anti-aging, Caenorhabditis elegans can provide additional biological information for the in vivo utilization of active substances. RESULTS After the introduction of caffeic acid, the average particle size and Zeta potential of the casein-caffeic acid covalent complex nanoparticles (CCP) were 171.11 nm and - 37.73 mV, respectively. The three-phase contact angle was also increased to 89.8°. By using CCP to stabilize Pickering emulsion (CCE), the retention quantity of the embedded curcumin increased by 2.19-fold after 28 days. In the simulated gastric digestion, curcumin degradation in CCE was reduced by 61.84%, released slowly in the intestinal environment, and the final bioaccessibility was increased by 1.90-fold. In C. elegans, CCE significantly reduced ROS accumulation, increased SOD activity by 2.01-fold and CAT activity by 2.30-fold, decreased MDA content by 36.76%, prolonging the lifespan of nematodes by 13.33% under H2 O2 stimulation and improving bioavailability in vivo. CONCLUSION The results indictae that CCP-stabilized Pickering emulsion can efficiently implement the physiological activities of bioactive compounds in vitro digestion and C. elegans, and thus it can be regarded as a reliable delivery system for food and medicine. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yunping Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Rongrong Lu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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37
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Xu F, Xue L, Ma Y, Niu T, Zhao P, Wu Z, Wang Y. Effects of Ultra-High-Pressure Jet Processing on Casein Structure and Curdling Properties of Skimmed Bovine Milk. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052396. [PMID: 36903641 PMCID: PMC10005577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra-high-pressure jet processing (UHPJ) is a new non-thermal processing technique that can be employed for the homogenization and the sterilization of dairy products. However, the effects on dairy products are unknown when using UHPJ for homogenization and sterilization. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of UHPJ on the sensory and curdling properties of skimmed milk and the casein structure in skimmed milk. Skimmed bovine milk was treated with UHPJ using different pressures (100, 150, 200, 250, 300 MPa) and casein was extracted by isoelectric precipitation. Subsequently, the average particle size, Zeta potential, contents of free sulfhydryl and disulfide bonds, secondary structure, and surface micromorphology were all used as evaluation indicators to explore the effects of UHPJ on the structure of casein. The results showed that with an increase of pressure, the free sulfhydryl group content changed irregularly, while the disulfide bond content increased from 1.085 to 3.0944 μmol/g. The content of α-helix and random coil in the casein decreased, while the β-sheet content increased at 100, 150, 200 MPa pressure. However, treatment with higher pressures of 250 and 300 MPa had the opposite effect. The average particle size of the casein micelles first decreased to 167.47 nm and then increased up to 174.63 nm; the absolute value of Zeta potential decreased from 28.33 to 23.77 mV. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the casein micelles had fractured into flat, loose, porous structures under pressure instead of into large clusters. After being ultra-high-pressure jet-processed, the sensory properties of skimmed milk and its fermented curd were analyzed concurrently. The results demonstrated that UHPJ could alter the viscosity and color of skimmed milk, shortening curdling time from 4.5 h to 2.67 h, and that the texture of the curd fermented with this skimmed milk could be improved to varying degrees by changing the structure of casein. Thus, UHPJ has a promising application in the manufacture of fermented milk due to its ability to enhance the curdling efficiency of skimmed milk and improve the texture of fermented milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
- Mengniu Hi-Tech Dairy (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 101107, China
| | - Lu Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yanfeng Ma
- Mengniu Hi-Tech Dairy (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 101107, China
| | - Tianjiao Niu
- Mengniu Hi-Tech Dairy (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 101107, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Zijian Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Yanfa Wang
- Mengniu Hi-Tech Dairy (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 101107, China
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (Y.W.)
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38
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Murakami T, Kaku T, Tsukakoshi K, Iwaide S, Itoh Y, Hisada M, Nomura K, Kubo R, Ikebukuro K, Sassa-O'Brien Y, Kametani F. Identification of novel amyloidosis in dogs: α-S1- casein acquires amyloidogenicity in mammary tumor by overexpression and N-terminal truncation. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:203-213. [PMID: 36680468 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221148511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mammary tumor-associated amyloidosis (MTAA) in dogs is characterized by amyloid deposition in the stroma of mammary adenoma or carcinoma; however, the amyloid precursor protein remains unknown. We attempted to identify an amyloid precursor protein and elucidated its etiology by characterizing 5 cases of canine MTAA. Proteomic analyses of amyloid extracts from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens revealed α-S1-casein (CASA1) as a prime candidate and showed the N-terminal truncation of canine CASA1. Both immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy showed that amyloid deposits or fibrils in MTAA cases were positive for CASA1. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed the complete mRNA sequence encoding CASA1, whose expression was significantly higher in the amyloid-positive group. The recombinant protein of the N-terminal-truncated canine CASA1 and the synthetic peptides derived from canine and human CASA1 formed amyloid-like fibrils in vitro. Structural prediction suggested that the N-terminal region of CASA1 was disordered. Previously, full-length CASA1 was reported to inhibit the amyloidogenesis of other proteins; however, we demonstrated that CASA1 acquires amyloidogenicity via excessive synthesis followed by truncation of its disordered N-terminal region. By identifying a novel in vivo amyloidogenic protein in animals and revealing key mechanistic details of its associated pathology, this study provides valuable insights into the integrated understanding of related proteopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Murakami
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Japan
| | - Toshisuke Kaku
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Japan
| | - Kaori Tsukakoshi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Japan
| | - Susumu Iwaide
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Itoh
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Japan
| | - Miki Hisada
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Japan
| | | | - Rikako Kubo
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Japan
| | | | | | - Fuyuki Kametani
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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39
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Chen P, Wang RM, Xu BC, Xu FR, Ye YW, Zhang B. Food emulsifier based on the interaction of casein and butyrylated dextrin for improving stability and emulsifying properties. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1576-1585. [PMID: 36631321 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Green hydrophobically modified butyrylated dextrin (BD) was used to modulate casein (CN). The CN/BD complex nanoparticles were formed at different CN-to-BD mass ratios based on a pH-driven technology. The interaction force, stability, and emulsifying properties of complex nanoparticles were investigated. The nanoparticles had a negative charge and a small particle size (160.03, 152.6, 155.9, 206.13, and 231.67 nm) as well as excellent thermal stability and environmental stability (pH 4.5, 5.5, 6.6, 7.5, 8.5, and 9.5; ionic strength, 50, 100, 200, and 500 mM). Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the successful preparation of complex nanoparticles and their spherical shape. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and dissociation analysis results showed that the main driving forces of formed CN/BD nanoparticles were hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. Furthermore, the CN/BD nanoparticles (CN/BD mass ratio, 1:1; weight/weight) exhibited the lowest creaming index, and optical microscopy showed that it has the most evenly dispersed droplets after 7 d of storage, which indicates that the CN/BD nanoparticles had excellent emulsifying properties. Butyrylated dextrin forms complex nanoparticles with CN through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction to endow CN with superior properties. The results showed that it is possible to use pH-driven technology to form protein-polysaccharide complex nanoparticles, which provides some information on the development of novel food emulsifiers based on protein-polysaccharide nanoparticles. The study provided significant information on the improvement of CN properties and the development of emulsions based on CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Ru-Meng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Bao-Cai Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Fei-Ran Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China.
| | - Ying-Wang Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China.
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Krebs L, Pouliot Y, Doyen A, Venema K, Brisson G. Effect of reverse osmosis and ultra-high-pressure homogenization on the composition and microstructure of sweet buttermilk. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1596-1610. [PMID: 36586799 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Buttermilk (BM), the by-product of butter making, is similar to skim milk (SM) composition. However, it is currently undervalued in dairy processing because it is responsible for texture defects (e.g., crumbliness, decreased firmness) in cheese and yogurt. One possible way of improving the incorporation of BM into dairy products is by the use of technological pretreatments such as membrane filtration and homogenization. The study aimed at characterizing the effect of preconcentration by reverse osmosis (RO) and single-pass ultra-high-pressure homogenization (UHPH) on the composition and microstructure of sweet BM to modify its techno-functional properties (e.g., protein gel formation, syneresis, firmness). The BM and RO BM were treated at 0, 15, 150, and 300 MPa. Pressure-treated and control BM and RO BM were ultracentrifuged to fractionate them into the following 3 fractions: a supernatant soluble fraction (top layer), a colloidal fraction consisting of a cloudy layer (middle layer), and a high-density pellet (bottom layer). Compositional changes in the soluble fraction [lipid, phospholipid (PL), protein, and salt], as well as its protein profile by PAGE analysis, were determined. Modifications in particle size distribution upon UHPH were monitored by laser diffraction in the presence and absence of sodium citrate to dissociate the casein (CN) micelles. Microstructural changes in pressure-treated and non-pressure-treated BM and RO BM particles were monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Particle size analysis showed that UHPH treatment significantly decreased the size of the milk fat globule membrane fragments in BM and RO BM. Also, pressure treatment at 300 MPa led to a significant increase in the recovery of total lipids, CN, calcium, and phosphate in the BM soluble fraction (top layer) following ultracentrifugation. However, PL were primarily concentrated in the pellet cloud (middle layer), located above the pellet in BM concentrated by RO. In contrast, PL were evenly distributed between soluble and colloidal phases of BM. This study provides insight into the modifications of sweet BM constituents induced by RO and UHPH from a compositional and structural perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Krebs
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Y Pouliot
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - A Doyen
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - K Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University-Venlo, 5928 SZ, the Netherlands
| | - G Brisson
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Runthala A, Mbye M, Ayyash M, Xu Y, Kamal-Eldin A. Caseins: Versatility of Their Micellar Organization in Relation to the Functional and Nutritional Properties of Milk. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052023. [PMID: 36903269 PMCID: PMC10004547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The milk of mammals is a complex fluid mixture of various proteins, minerals, lipids, and other micronutrients that play a critical role in providing nutrition and immunity to newborns. Casein proteins together with calcium phosphate form large colloidal particles, called casein micelles. Caseins and their micelles have received great scientific interest, but their versatility and role in the functional and nutritional properties of milk from different animal species are not fully understood. Caseins belong to a class of proteins that exhibit open and flexible conformations. Here, we discuss the key features that maintain the structures of the protein sequences in four selected animal species: cow, camel, human, and African elephant. The primary sequences of these proteins and their posttranslational modifications (phosphorylation and glycosylation) that determine their secondary structures have distinctively evolved in these different animal species, leading to differences in their structural, functional, and nutritional properties. The variability in the structures of milk caseins influence the properties of their dairy products, such as cheese and yogurt, as well as their digestibility and allergic properties. Such differences are beneficial to the development of different functionally improved casein molecules with variable biological and industrial utilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Runthala
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vijayawada 522302, India
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (A.K.-E.); Tel.: +971-5-0138-9248 (A.K.-E.)
| | - Mustapha Mbye
- Department of Food Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mutamed Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yajun Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Afaf Kamal-Eldin
- Department of Food Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (A.K.-E.); Tel.: +971-5-0138-9248 (A.K.-E.)
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Jiménez-Barrios P, Sánchez-Rivera L, Martínez-Maqueda D, Le Gouar Y, Dupont D, Miralles B, Recio I. Peptidomic Characterization and Amino Acid Availability after Intake of Casein vs. a Casein Hydrolysate in a Pig Model. Nutrients 2023; 15. [PMID: 36904065 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that casein hydrolysis accelerates gastrointestinal transit in comparison to intact casein, although the effect of the protein hydrolysis on the composition of the digests is not fully understood. The aim of this work is to characterize, at the peptidome level, duodenal digests from pigs, as a model of human digestion, fed with micellar casein and a previously described casein hydrolysate. In addition, in parallel experiments, plasma amino acid levels were quantified. A slower transit of nitrogen to the duodenum was found when the animals received micellar casein. Duodenal digests from casein contained a wider range of peptide sizes and a higher number of peptides above five amino acids long in comparison with the digests from the hydrolysate. The peptide profile was markedly different, and although β-casomorphin-7 precursors were also found in hydrolysate samples, other opioid sequences were more abundant in the casein digests. Within the same substrate, the evolution of the peptide pattern at different time points showed minimal changes, suggesting that the protein degradation rate relies more on the gastrointestinal location than on digestion time. Higher plasma concentrations of methionine, valine, lysine and amino acid metabolites were found in animals fed with the hydrolysate at short times (<200 min). The duodenal peptide profiles were evaluated with discriminant analysis tools specific for peptidomics to identify sequence differences between both substrates that can be used for future human physiological and metabolic studies.
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Haas S, Hubbuch J. Mechanical Properties of Protein-Based Hydrogels Derived from Binary Protein Mixtures-A Feasibility Study. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36850249 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels based on natural polymers such as proteins are considered biocompatible and, therefore, represent an interesting class of materials for application in the field of biomedicine and high-performance materials. However, there is a lack of understanding of the proteins which are able to form hydrogel networks by photoinduced dityrosine crosslinking as well as a profound knowledge of the formed network itself and the mechanisms which are responsible for the resulting mechanical properties of such protein-based hydrogels. In this study, casein, bovine serum albumin, α-amylase, and a hydrophobic elastin-like protein were used to prepare binary protein mixtures with defined concentration ratios. After polymerization, the mechanical properties of the resulting homopolymeric and copolymeric hydrogels were determined using rheological methods depending on the protein shares used. In additional uniaxial compression tests, the fracture strain was shown to be independent of the protein shares, while hydrogel toughness and compressive strength were increased for protein-based hydrogels containing casein.
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Cejko BI, Krejszeff S, Cejko AA, Dryl K. Effect of Different Activation Solutions and Protein Concentrations on Ide ( Leuciscus idus) Sperm Motility Analysis with a CASA System. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040572. [PMID: 36830358 PMCID: PMC9951666 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare four activation solutions (AS)-Woynarovich, Lahnsteiner, Kucharczyk, and Perchec-with the addition of 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for ide (Leuciscus idus) sperm activation and analysis with a CASA system. It was found that ide sperm can be activated using each AS within a pH range of 7.4-9.0 and an osmolality range of 160-200 mOsm kg-1. The effect of Woynarovich and Perchec solutions supplemented with BSA and casein at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% were also analyzed during the experiment. These two AS without protein supplementation (pure solutions) were the controls. Woynarovich and Perchec solutions supplemented with the minimum BSA concentration (i.e., 0.25%) significantly improved sperm motility (89.05% and 86.63%, respectively) compared to the controls (20.39 and 28.48%, respectively). Similar increases were also noted in progressively motile sperm (PRG, %), the curvilinear velocity of sperm (VCL, µm s-1), and the amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH, µm). A similar trend in CASA parameters was also noted when casein was added to Woynarovich and Perchec solutions at a concentration of 0.25%. We concluded that 0.25% doses of each of the proteins were sufficient to prevent sperm adhesion to glass slides, and they can be used in research on ide sperm motility measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Irena Cejko
- Department of Salmonid Research, Stanisław Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Sławomir Krejszeff
- Department of Aquaculture, Stanisław Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agata Anna Cejko
- Department of Fisheries Bioeconomics, Stanisław Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dryl
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-243 Olsztyn, Poland
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Juste-Dolz A, Fernández E, Puchades R, Avella-Oliver M, Maquieira Á. Patterned Biolayers of Protein Antigens for Label-Free Biosensing in Cow Milk Allergy. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:214. [PMID: 36831980 PMCID: PMC9953870 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper focuses on creating one-dimensional diffractive grooved structures of antigen proteins on glass substrates for the label-free detection of antibodies to dairy allergens. In particular, the fabrication of protein structures is carried out by combining microcontact printing with physisorption, imines coupling, and thiol-ene click chemistry. The work first sets up these patterning methods and discusses and compares the main aspects involved in them (structure, biolayer thickness, functionality, stability). Homogeneous periodic submicron structures of proteins are created and characterized by diffractive measurements, AFM, FESEM, and fluorescence scanning. Then, this patterning method is applied to proteins involved in cow milk allergy, and the resulting structures are implemented as optical transducers to sense specific immunoglobulins G. In particular, gratings of bovine serum albumin, casein, and β-lactoglobulin are created and assessed, reaching limits of detection in the range of 30-45 ng·mL-1 of unlabeled antibodies by diffractive biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Juste-Dolz
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Estrella Fernández
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Puchades
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miquel Avella-Oliver
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Zahariev N, Draganova M, Zagorchev P, Pilicheva B. Casein-Based Nanoparticles: A Potential Tool for the Delivery of Daunorubicin in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15. [PMID: 36839793 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop casein-based nanoscale carriers as a potential delivery system for daunorubicin, as a pH-responsive targeting tool for acute lymphocytic leukemia. A coacervation technique followed by nano spray-drying was used for the preparation of drug-loaded casein nanoparticles. Four batches of drug-loaded formulations were developed at varied drug-polymer ratios using a simple coacervation technique followed by spray-drying. They were further characterized using scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD diffractometry, and differential scanning calorimetry. Drug release was investigated in different media (pH 5 and 7.4). The cytotoxicity of the daunorubicin-loaded nanoparticles was compared to that of the pure drug. The influence of the polymer-to-drug ratio on the nanoparticles' properties such as their particle size, surface morphology, production yield, drug loading, entrapment efficiency, and drug release behavior was studied. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the drug-loaded nanoparticles was investigated confirming their potential as carriers for daunorubicin delivery.
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Martínez-Robles S, González-Ballesteros E, Reyes-Esparza J, Trejo-Teniente I, Jaramillo-Loranca BE, Téllez-Jurado A, Vázquez-Valadez VH, Angeles E, Vargas Hernández G. Effect of β - hydroxy - γ -aminophosphonate (β - HPC) on the hydrolytic activity of Nocardia brasiliensis as determined by FT-IR spectrometry. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1089156. [PMID: 36778890 PMCID: PMC9909415 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1089156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of immunomodulatory and metabolic modulating drugs has been considered a better strategy to improve the efficacy of conventional treatments against pathogens and metabolic diseases. L-carnitine is relevant in fatty acid metabolism and energy production by β-oxidation, but it also has a beneficial therapeutic immunomodulatory effect. The β-hydroxy-γ-aminophosphonate (β-HPC) was developed, synthesized and studied in different pathologies as a more soluble and stable analog than L-carnitine, which has been studied in bacterial physiology and metabolism; therefore, we set out to investigate the direct effect of β-HPC on the metabolism of N. brasiliensis, which causes actinomycetoma in Mexico and is underdiagnosed. To analyze the effect of β-HPC on the metabolic capacity of the bacterium for the hydrolysis of substrate casein, L-tyrosine, egg yolk, and tween 80, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed. It was found that β-HPC increases the metabolic activity of N. brasiliensis associated with increased growth and increased hydrolysis of the substrates tested. By the effect of β-HPC, it was observed that, in the hydrolysis of L-tyrosine, the aromatic ring and functional groups were degraded. At 1515 cm-1, any distinctive signal or peak for this amino acid was missing, almost disappearing at 839, 720, 647, and 550 cm-1. In casein, hydrolysis is enhanced in the substrate, which is evident by the presence of NH, OH, amide, and CO. In casein, hydrolysis is enhanced in the substrate, which is evident by the presence of NH, OH, amide, COO, and P = O signals, characteristic of amino acids, in addition to the increase of the amide I and II bands. In Tween 80 the H-C = and C = C signals disappear and the ether signals are concentrated, it was distinguished by the intense band at 1100 cm-1. Egg yolk showed a large accumulation of phosphate groups at 1071 cm-1, where phosvitin is located. FT-IR has served to demonstrate that β-HPC is a hydrolysis enhancer. Furthermore, by obtaining the spectrum of N. brasiliensis, we intend to use it as a quick comparison tool with other spectra related to actinobacteria. Eventually, FT-IR may serve as a species identification option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martínez-Robles
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico,Programa Educativo del Posgrado en Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Zempoala, Mexico,*Correspondence: Sandra Martínez-Robles,
| | - Erik González-Ballesteros
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Jorge Reyes-Esparza
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Isaí Trejo-Teniente
- Programa Educativo del Posgrado en Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Zempoala, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Téllez-Jurado
- Programa Educativo del Posgrado en Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Zempoala, Mexico
| | - Víctor H. Vázquez-Valadez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Enrique Angeles
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Genaro Vargas Hernández
- Programa Educativo del Posgrado en Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Zempoala, Mexico,Genaro Vargas Hernández,
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Wang C, Lu Y, Hu J, Yang Y, Cheng J, Jiang S, Guo M. Comparative proteomics of human milk casein fraction collected from women of Korean and Han ethnic groups in China. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1078355. [PMID: 36755990 PMCID: PMC9901581 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1078355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human breast milk provides neonates with indispensable nutrition and function. Milk protein is one of the main constituents of breast milk. Human milk profiles can be influenced by many factors. Methods The present study aimed to investigate the difference in casein isolated from mature milk of healthy mothers of Korean and Han ethnic groups in China using data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics. Results A total of 535 proteins were identified and quantified in casein fraction samples from both groups. A total of 528 proteins were annotated to 52 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, the majority (94.13%) of which were distributed in the cell and cell parts of the cellular component. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that 106 proteins were involved in 23 pathways, the greatest (36.79%) in carbohydrate metabolism. There were 39 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs)-10 upregulated and 29 downregulated-between Korean and Han milk. The GO function of blood microparticles and KEGG pathway of Staphylococcus aureus infection for DEPs were the most significantly enriched (p < 0.05). Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed a network with 23 DEPs in 47 interactions, and the fibrinogen alpha chain ranked first as the hub protein. Discussion These data may provide useful technical guidance for the development of specific infant foods for certain populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuina Wang
- Department of Food Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingcong Lu
- Department of Food Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Department of Food Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Food Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shilong Jiang
- R&D Center, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Mingruo Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States,*Correspondence: Mingruo Guo,
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Garcia LV, Silva D, Costa MM, Armés H, Salema-Oom M, Saramago B, Serro AP. Antiseptic-Loaded Casein Hydrogels for Wound Dressings. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020334. [PMID: 36839656 PMCID: PMC9967843 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wound treatment accounts for a substantial percentage of the medical expenses worldwide. Improving and developing novel wound care systems can potentially help to handle this problem. Wound dressings loaded with antiseptics may be an important tool for wound care, as they inhibit bacterial growth at the wound site. The goal of the present work was to investigate the potential of using casein hydrogel dressings loaded with two antiseptic drugs, Octiset® or polyhexanide, to treat chronic wounds. Casein-based hydrogels are inexpensive and have several properties that make them suitable for biomedical applications. Two types of casein were used: casein sodium salt and acid casein, with the formulations being labelled CS and C, respectively. The hydrogels were characterised with respect to their physical properties (swelling capacity, water content, morphology, mechanical resistance, and stability), before and after sterilisation, and they showed adequate values for the intended application. The hydrogels of both formulations were able to sustain controlled drug-release for, at least, 48 h. They were demonstrated to be non-irritant, highly haemocompatible, and non-cytotoxic, and revealed good antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Steam-heat sterilisation did not compromise the material's properties. The in vivo performance of C hydrogel loaded with Octiset® was evaluated in a case study with a dog. The efficient recovery of the wounds confirms its potential as an alternative for wound treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first time that wound dressings loaded with Octiset®, one of the most efficient drugs for wound treatment, were prepared and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Vasconcelos Garcia
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Maria Madalena Costa
- Hospital Veterinário de S. Bento, Rua de S. Bento, 358-A, 1200-822 Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona, Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Henrique Armés
- Hospital Veterinário de S. Bento, Rua de S. Bento, 358-A, 1200-822 Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona, Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Madalena Salema-Oom
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Benilde Saramago
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Ana Paula Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
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Parveen S, Zhu P, Shafique L, Lan H, Xu D, Ashraf S, Ashraf S, Sherazi M, Liu Q. Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Casein Gene Family in Camelus ferus. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020256. [PMID: 36833182 PMCID: PMC9957437 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Camel milk is known for its exceptional medical uses. It has been used since ancient times to treat infant diarrhea, hepatitis, insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM), lactose intolerance, alcohol-induced liver damage, allergies, and autism. It has the power to treat several diseases, with cancer being the most significant. This study investigated the evolutionary relationship, physiochemical characteristics, and comparative genomic analysis of the casein gene family (CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, and CSN3) in Camelus ferus. Molecular phylogenetics showing the camelid species clustered casein nucleotide sequences into four groups: CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, and CSN3. The casein proteins from camels were evaluated and found to be unstable, thermostable, and hydrophilic. CSN1S2, CSN2, and CSN3 were acidic, but CSN1S1 was basic. CSN1S1 showed positive selection for one amino acid (Q), CSN1S2 and CSN2 for three (T, K, Q), and CSN3 showed no positive selection. We also compared high-milk-output species such as cattle (Bos Tarus) and low-milk-yield species such as sheep (Ovies Aries) with camels (Camel ferus) and discovered that YY1 sites are more frequent in sheep than in camels and very low in cattle. We concluded that the ratio of YY1 sites in these species may affect milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeela Parveen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Guangxi 535011, China
- Department of Zoology, Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Peng Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Guangxi 535011, China
| | - Laiba Shafique
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Guangxi 535011, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (Q.L.)
| | - Hong Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Dingyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Sana Ashraf
- Department of Zoology, Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Saba Ashraf
- Department of Zoology, Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Sherazi
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Qingyou Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (Q.L.)
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