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Bryson JB, Kourgiantaki A, Jiang D, Demosthenous A, Greensmith L. An optogenetic cell therapy to restore control of target muscles in an aggressive mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. eLife 2024; 12:RP88250. [PMID: 38236205 PMCID: PMC10945574 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Breakdown of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) is an early pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that blocks neuromuscular transmission, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis and, ultimately, premature death. Currently, no therapies exist that can prevent progressive motor neuron degeneration, muscle denervation, or paralysis in ALS. Here, we report important advances in the development of an optogenetic, neural replacement strategy that can effectively restore innervation of severely affected skeletal muscles in the aggressive SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS, thus providing an interface to selectively control the function of targeted muscles using optical stimulation. We also identify a specific approach to confer complete survival of allogeneic replacement motor neurons. Furthermore, we demonstrate that an optical stimulation training paradigm can prevent atrophy of reinnervated muscle fibers and results in a tenfold increase in optically evoked contractile force. Together, these advances pave the way for an assistive therapy that could benefit all ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barney Bryson
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Kourgiantaki
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dai Jiang
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Demosthenous
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Greensmith
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Sperling MR, Wu C, Kang J, Makhalova J, Bartolomei F, Southwell D. The Temporal Lobe Club: Newer Approaches to Treat Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Epilepsy Curr 2024; 24:10-15. [PMID: 38327532 PMCID: PMC10846515 DOI: 10.1177/15357597231213161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This brief review summarizes presentations at the Temporal Lobe Club Special Interest Group session held in December 2022 at the American Epilepsy Society meeting. The session addressed newer methods to treat temporal epilepsy, including methods currently in clinical use and techniques under investigation. Brief summaries are provided for each of 4 lectures. Dr Chengyuan Wu discussed ablative techniques such as laser interstitial thermal ablation, radiofrequency ablation, focused ultrasound; Dr Joon Kang reviewed neuromodulation techniques including electrical stimulation and focused ultrasound; Dr Julia Makhalova discussed network effects of the aforementioned techniques; and Dr Derek Southwell reviewed inhibitory interneuron transplantation. These summaries are intended to provide a brief overview and references are provided for the reader to learn more about each topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chengyuan Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julia Makhalova
- APHM, Timone Hospital, Epileptology and Cerebral Rhythmology, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
- APHM, Timone Hospital, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- APHM, Timone Hospital, Epileptology and Cerebral Rhythmology, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - Derek Southwell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Bhattacharyya T, Mallett C, Shapiro EM. MRI-based cell tracking of OATP-expressing cell transplants by pre-labeling with Gd-EOB-DTPA. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3698429. [PMID: 38168297 PMCID: PMC10760244 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3698429/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Purpose A critical step in cell-based therapies is determining the exact position of transplanted cells immediately post-transplant. Here, we devised a method to detect cell transplants immediately post-transplant, using a clinical gadolinium-based contrast agent. These cells were detected as hyperintense signals using a clinically familiar T1-weighted MRI protocol. Procedures HEK293 cells were stably transduced to express human OATP1B3, a hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptide that transports Gd-EOB-DTPA into cells that express the transporters, the intracellular accumulation of which cells causes signal enhancement on T1-weighted MRI. Cells were pre-labeled prior to injection in media containing Gd-EOB-DTPA for MRI evaluation and indocyanine green for cryofluorescence tomography validation. Labeled cells were injected into chicken hearts, in vitro, after which MRI and cryofluorescence tomography were performed in sequence. Results OATP1B3-expressing cells had substantially reduced T1 following labeling with Gd-EOB-DTPA in culture. Following their implantation into chicken heart, these cells were robustly identified in T1-weighted MRI, with image-derived injection volumes of cells commensurate with intended injection volumes. Cryofluorescence tomography showed that the areas of signal enhancement in MRI overlapped with areas of indocyanine green signal, indicating that MRI signal enhancement was due to the transplanted cells. Conclusions OATP1B3-expressing cells can be pre-labeled with Gd-EOB-DTPA prior to injection into tissue, affording the use of clinically familiar T1-weighted MRI to robustly detect cell transplants immediately after transplant. This procedure is easily generalizable and has potential advantages over the use of iron oxide based cell labeling agents and imaging procedures.
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Tronolone JJ, Mathur T, Chaftari CP, Sun Y, Jain A. Machine learning chained neural network analysis of oxygen transport amplifies the physiological relevance of vascularized microphysiological systems. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10582. [PMID: 38023704 PMCID: PMC10658488 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since every biological system requires capillaries to support its oxygenation, design of engineered preclinical models of such systems, for example, vascularized microphysiological systems (vMPS) have gained attention enhancing the physiological relevance of human biology and therapies. But the physiology and function of formed vessels in the vMPS is currently assessed by non-standardized, user-dependent, and simple morphological metrics that poorly relate to the fundamental function of oxygenation of organs. Here, a chained neural network is engineered and trained using morphological metrics derived from a diverse set of vMPS representing random combinations of factors that influence the vascular network architecture of a tissue. This machine-learned algorithm outputs a singular measure, termed as vascular network quality index (VNQI). Cross-correlation of morphological metrics and VNQI against measured oxygen levels within vMPS revealed that VNQI correlated the most with oxygen measurements. VNQI is sensitive to the determinants of vascular networks and it consistently correlates better to the measured oxygen than morphological metrics alone. Finally, the VNQI is positively associated with the functional outcomes of cell transplantation therapies, shown in the vascularized islet-chip challenged with hypoxia. Therefore, adoption of this tool will amplify the predictions and enable standardization of organ-chips, transplant models, and other cell biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Tronolone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Tanmay Mathur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Christopher P. Chaftari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of MedicineTexas A&M Health Science CenterBryanTexasUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular ScienceHouston Methodist Academic InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
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Windrem MS, Schanz SJ, Zou L, Chandler-Militello D, Kuypers NJ, Nedergaard M, Lu Y, Mariani JN, Goldman SA. Human Glial Progenitor Cells Effectively Remyelinate the Demyelinated Adult Brain. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107658. [PMID: 32433967 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatally transplanted human glial progenitor cells (hGPCs) can myelinate the brains of myelin-deficient shiverer mice, rescuing their phenotype and survival. Yet, it has been unclear whether implanted hGPCs are similarly able to remyelinate the diffusely demyelinated adult CNS. We, therefore, ask if hGPCs could remyelinate both congenitally hypomyelinated adult shiverers and normal adult mice after cuprizone demyelination. In adult shiverers, hGPCs broadly disperse and differentiate as myelinating oligodendrocytes after subcortical injection, improving both host callosal conduction and ambulation. Implanted hGPCs similarly remyelinate denuded axons after cuprizone demyelination, whether delivered before or after demyelination. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of hGPCs back from cuprizone-demyelinated brains reveals their transcriptional activation of oligodendrocyte differentiation programs, while distinguishing them from hGPCs not previously exposed to demyelination. These data indicate the ability of transplanted hGPCs to disperse throughout the adult CNS, to broadly myelinate regions of dysmyelination, and also to be recruited as myelinogenic oligodendrocytes later in life, upon demyelination-associated demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha S Windrem
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Steven J Schanz
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Lisa Zou
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Devin Chandler-Militello
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Nicholas J Kuypers
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuan Lu
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - John N Mariani
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Steven A Goldman
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Neuroscience Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Pukfukdee P, Banlunara W, Rutwaree T, Limcharoen B, Sawutdeechaikul P, Pattarakankul T, Sansureerungsikul T, Toprangkobsin P, Leelahavanichkul A, Panchaprateep R, Asawanonda P, Palaga T, Wanichwecharungruang S. Solid Composite Material for Delivering Viable Cells into Skin Tissues via Detachable Dissolvable Microneedles. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:4581-4589. [PMID: 35025457 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Delivering cells to desired locations in the body is needed for disease treatments, tissue repairs, and various scientific investigations such as animal models for drug development. Here, we report the solid composite material that when embedded with viable cells, can temporarily keep cells alive. Using the material, we also show the fabrication of detachable dissolvable microneedles (DMNs) that can instantly deliver viable cells into skin tissue. B16-F10-murine-melanoma (B16-F10) and human-embryonic-kidney-293T (HEK293T) cells embedded in the solid matrix of the hyaluronic/polyvinylpyrolidone/maltose (HA/PVP/maltose) mixture show 50.6 ± 12.0 and 71.0 ± 5.96% survivals, respectively, when kept at 4 °C for 24 h. Detachable DMNs made of the HA/PVP/maltose mixture and loaded with B16-F10-cells were constructed, and the obtained DMN patches could detach the cell-loaded needles into the skin within 1 min of patch application. In vivo intradermal tumorgrafting mice with the DMNs containing 800 cells of B16-F10 developed tumors 10 times bigger in volume than tumors induced by hypodermic needle injection of suspension containing 100,000 cells. We anticipate this work to be a starting point for viable cell encapsulation in the solid matrix and viable cell delivery via DMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puttikorn Pukfukdee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wijit Banlunara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Teeranut Rutwaree
- Mineed Technology, 141-145 Innovation Cluster 2, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
| | - Benchaphorn Limcharoen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Thitiporn Pattarakankul
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Bio-Interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Pattrawadee Toprangkobsin
- Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Pravit Asawanonda
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Srinivasan RC, Strom SC, Gramignoli R. Effects of Cryogenic Storage on Human Amnion Epithelial Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071696. [PMID: 32679793 PMCID: PMC7407665 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal stem cells and epithelial cells isolated from full term amnion membrane, in particular, have attracted interest over the last decade, as a promising source of multipotent cells for cellular therapies. Human amnion epithelial cells (hAEC) have been used to treat monogenetic liver disease such as maple syrup urine disease or fibrosis of the liver in preclinical studies. In most studies xeno-transplants of hAEC were conducted without providing immunosuppression to recipients, reflecting the tolerogenic properties of hAEC. For many cell types, successful cryopreservation is critical for providing a readily available, off-the-shelf product. In this study, hAEC were isolated from full-term human placenta from 14 different donors, cryopreserved using a protocol and reagents commonly adopted for epithelial cell preservation. The cells were analyzed in terms of survival, recovery, and homogeneity, profiled for surface markers characteristic of epithelial, mesenchymal, endothelial, or hematopoietic cells. There were no significant differences observed in the percentage of cells with epithelial cell markers before and after cryopreservation. The relative proportion of stromal and hematopoietic cells was significantly reduced in hAEC preparations after cryopreservation. The expression of stem cell and immunomodulatory molecules were confirmed in the final product. Since multipotent cells are readily available from full-term placenta, this novel cell source might significantly increase the number of patients eligible to receive cellular therapies for liver and other diseases.
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Tripathi DM, Hassan M, Siddiqui H, Kaur I, Rawal P, Bihari C, Kaur S, Sarin SK. Cirrhotic Endothelial Progenitor Cells Enhance Liver Angiogenesis and Fibrosis and Aggravate Portal Hypertension in Bile Duct-Ligated Cirrhotic Rats. Front Physiol 2020; 11:617. [PMID: 32595520 PMCID: PMC7300214 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating cirrhotic endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) interact with both liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and promote angiogenesis in vitro. This study evaluated the effect of cirrhotic and control EPCs on hepatic angiogenesis, microcirculation, and fibrosis in vivo in rat models of cirrhosis. Methodology Animal models of cirrhosis were prepared by bile duct ligation (BDL). Circulating EPCs isolated from healthy human and cirrhotic blood were characterized by flow cytometry, cultured and administered through the tail vein in BDL rats after 2 weeks of ligation. The cells were given thrice a week for 2 weeks. The untreated group of BDL rats received only saline. Fibrosis was evaluated by Masson’s trichrome staining. Dedifferentiated LSECs were identified by the expression of CD31, and activated HSCs were marked as alpha-SMA-positive cells and were studied by immunohistochemistry and western blotting in saline-, healthy EPC-, and cirrhotic EPC-treated rats. In vivo, hepatic and systemic hemodynamic parameters were evaluated. Liver functions were evaluated. Results In comparison to controls, BDL rats revealed an increase of fibrosis and angiogenesis. Among the treated rats, cirrhotic EPC-treated rats had increased fibrosis grade as compared to healthy EPC-treated and saline-treated rats. There was an increase of both fibrosis and angiogenesis markers, alpha-SMA and CD31 in cirrhotic EPC-treated rats as compared to healthy EPC-treated and saline-treated rats in immunohistochemistry and western blot studies. Cirrhotic EPC-treated BDL rats had high portal pressure and portal blood flow with significantly elevated hepatic vascular resistance in comparison with healthy EPC- and saline-treated BDL animals, without significant differences in mean arterial pressure. Cirrhotic EPC-treated BDL rats also showed a substantial increase in the hepatic expression of angiogenic receptors, VEGFR2 and CXCR4 in comparison with saline-treated rats. Conclusion The study suggests that transplantation of cirrhotic EPCs enhances LSEC differentiation and angiogenesis, activates HSCs and worsens fibrosis, thus resulting in hepatic hemodynamic derangements in BDL-induced cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Mani Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohsin Hassan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Hamda Siddiqui
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Impreet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Preety Rawal
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Chaggan Bihari
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Savneet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiv K Sarin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.,Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Zhang X, Tenerelli K, Wu S, Xia X, Yokota S, Sun C, Galvao J, Venugopalan P, Li C, Madaan A, Goldberg JL, Chang KC. Cell transplantation of retinal ganglion cells derived from hESCs. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2020; 38:131-140. [PMID: 31815704 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-190941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glaucoma, the number one cause of irreversible blindness, is characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which do not regenerate in humans or mammals after cell death. Cell transplantation provides an opportunity to restore vision in glaucoma, or other optic neuropathies. Since transplanting primary RGCs from deceased donor tissues may not be feasible, stem cell-derived RGCs could provide a plausible alternative source of donor cells for transplant. OBJECTIVE We define a robust chemically defined protocol to differentiate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into RGC-like neurons. METHODS Human embryonic stem cell lines (H7-A81 and H9) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) were used for RGC differentiation. RGC immaturity was measured by calcium imaging against muscimol. Cell markers were detected by immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR. RGC-like cells were intravitreally injected to rat eye, and co-stained with RBPMS and human nuclei markers. All experiments were conducted at least three times independently. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with Tukey's test with P value of <0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS We detected retinal progenitor markers Rx and Pax6 after 15 days of differentiation, and the expression of markers for RGC-specific differentiation (Brn3a and Brn3b), maturation (synaptophysin) and neurite growth (β-III-Tubulin) after an additional 15 days. We further examined the physiologic differentiation of these hESC-derived RGC-like progeny to those differentiated in vitro from primary rodent retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) with calcium imaging, and found that both populations demonstrate the immature RGC-like response to muscimol, a GABAA receptor agonist. By one week after transplant to the adult rat eye by intravitreal injection, the human RGC-like cells successfully migrated into the ganglion cell layer. CONCLUSIONS Our protocol provides a novel, short, and cost-effective approach for RGC differentiation from hESCs, and may broaden the scope for cell replacement therapy in RGC-related optic neuropathies such as glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhang
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Tenerelli
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Suqian Wu
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xia
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Satoshi Yokota
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Catalina Sun
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joana Galvao
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Chenyi Li
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ankush Madaan
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kun-Che Chang
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Agabalyan NA, Sparks HD, Tarraf S, Rosin NL, Anker K, Yoon G, Burnett LN, Nickerson D, Di Martino ES, Gabriel VA, Biernaskie J. Adult Human Dermal Progenitor Cell Transplantation Modulates the Functional Outcome of Split-Thickness Skin Xenografts. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:1068-1082. [PMID: 31735655 PMCID: PMC6915850 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Following full-thickness skin injuries, epithelialization of the wound is essential. The standard of care to achieve this wound "closure" in patients is autologous split-thickness skin grafting (STSG). However, patients living with STSGs report significant chronic impairments leading to functional deficiencies such as itch, altered sensation, fragility, hypertrophic scarring, and contractures. These features are attributable to the absence of functional dermis combined with the formation of disorganized fibrotic extracellular matrix. Recent work has demonstrated the existence of dermal progenitor cells (DPCs) residing within hair follicles that function to continuously regenerate mesenchymal tissue. The present work examines whether cultured DPCs could regenerate dermis within an STSG and improve overall graft function. Adult human DPCs were transplanted into a full-thickness skin wound in immune-compromised mice and closed with a human STSG. At 3 months, human DPCs (hDPCs) had successfully integrated into the xenograft and differentiated into various regionally specified phenotypes, improving both viscoelastic properties of the graft and mitigating pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha A Agabalyan
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Holly D Sparks
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Samar Tarraf
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nicole L Rosin
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Katie Anker
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Grace Yoon
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Duncan Nickerson
- Calgary Firefighters Burn Treatment Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada; Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Elena S Di Martino
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Civil Engineering, Centre for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vincent A Gabriel
- Calgary Firefighters Burn Treatment Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Surgery and Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Jevans B, McCann CJ, Thapar N, Burns AJ. Transplanted enteric neural stem cells integrate within the developing chick spinal cord: implications for spinal cord repair. J Anat 2018; 233:592-606. [PMID: 30191559 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes paralysis, multisystem impairment and reduced life expectancy, as yet with no cure. Stem cell therapy can potentially replace lost neurons, promote axonal regeneration and limit scar formation, but an optimal stem cell source has yet to be found. Enteric neural stem cells (ENSC) isolated from the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are an attractive source. Here, we used the chick embryo to assess the potential of ENSC to integrate within the developing spinal cord. In vitro, isolated ENSC formed extensive cell connections when co-cultured with spinal cord (SC)-derived cells. Further, qRT-PCR analysis revealed the presence of TuJ1+ neurons, S100+ glia and Sox10+ stem cells within ENSC neurospheres, as well as expression of key neuronal subtype genes, at levels comparable to SC tissue. Following ENSC transplantation to an ablated region of chick embryo SC, donor neurons were found up to 12 days later. These neurons formed bridging connections within the SC injury zone, aligned along the anterior/posterior axis, and were immunopositive for TuJ1. These data provide early proof of principle support for the use of ENSCs for SCI, and encourage further research into their potential for repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Jevans
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Conor J McCann
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Nikhil Thapar
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alan J Burns
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Gastrointestinal Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Cambridge, MA, USA
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12
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Abstract
Ex vivo-expanded buccal mucosal epithelial (BME) cell transplantation has
been used to reconstruct the ocular surface. Methods for enrichment and maintenance of BME
progenitor cells in ex vivo cultures may improve the outcome of BME cell
transplantation. However, the parameter of cell seeding density in this context has
largely been neglected. This study investigates how varying cell seeding density
influences BME cell proliferation and differentiation on tissue culture polystyrene
(TCPS). The highest cell proliferation activity was seen when cells were seeded at
5×104 cells/cm2. Both below and above this density, the cell
proliferation rate decreased sharply. Differential immunofluorescence analysis of surface
markers associated with the BME progenitor cell population (p63, CK19, and ABCG2), the
differentiated cell marker CK10 and connexin 50 (Cx50) revealed that the initial cell
seeding density also significantly affected the progenitor cell marker expression profile.
Hence, this study demonstrates that seeding density has a profound effect on the
proliferation and differentiation of BME stem cells in vitro, and this is
relevant to downstream cell therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Rasi Ghaemi
- 1 Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Bahman Delalat
- 1 Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia.,2 Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, VIC, Australia.,3 Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Frances J Harding
- 1 Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Yazad D Irani
- 4 Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Keryn A Williams
- 4 Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- 1 Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia.,2 Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, VIC, Australia.,3 Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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13
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Abstract
HIV-1 drug therapies can prevent disease progression but cannot eliminate HIV-1 viruses from an infected individual. While there is hope that elimination of HIV-1 can be achieved, several approaches to reach a functional cure (control of HIV-1 replication in the absence of drug therapy) are also under investigation. One of these approaches is the transplant of HIV-1 resistant cells expressing anti-HIV-1 RNAs, proteins or peptides. Small RNAs that use RNA interference pathways to target HIV-1 replication have emerged as competitive candidates for cell transplant therapy and have been included in all gene combinations that have so far entered clinical trials. Here, we review RNA interference pathways in mammalian cells and the design of therapeutic small RNAs that use these pathways to target pathogenic RNA sequences. Studies that have been performed to identify anti-HIV-1 RNA interference therapeutics are also reviewed and perspectives on their use in combination gene therapy to functionally cure HIV-1 infection are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Scarborough
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A0G4, Canada.
| | - Anne Gatignol
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A0G4, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A0G4, Canada.
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14
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Gómez-Paz A, Drucker-Colín R, Milán-Aldaco D, Palomero-Rivero M, Ambriz-Tututi M. Intrastriatal Chromospheres' Transplant Reduces Nociception in Hemiparkinsonian Rats. Neuroscience 2017; 387:123-134. [PMID: 28890053 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the possible antinociceptive effect of chromosphere transplants in rats injected with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a model of Parkinson's disease. Male adult Wistar rats received 40μg/0.5μl of 6-OHDA or 0.5μl of vehicle into the left substantia nigra (SNc). Rats were evaluated for mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia and formalin. Rats with altered nociceptive threshold were transplanted with chromospheres. After transplant, rats were evaluated every week. Our results confirm that 6-OHDA injection into rat's SNc reduces mechanical, thermal, and chemical thresholds. Interestingly, chromospheres' transplant reverted 6-OHDA-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia. The antinociceptive effect induced by chromospheres was dopamine D2- and opioid-receptor dependent since sulpiride or naltrexone reverted its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Gómez-Paz
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - René Drucker-Colín
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Diana Milán-Aldaco
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Marcela Palomero-Rivero
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Mónica Ambriz-Tututi
- Hospital General Ajusco Medio "Dra. Obdulia Rodriguez Rodriguez", Unidad de, Trastornos de Movimiento y Sueño, Mexico.
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15
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Etlin A, Bráz JM, Kuhn JA, Wang X, Hamel KA, Llewellyn-Smith IJ, Basbaum AI. Functional Synaptic Integration of Forebrain GABAergic Precursors into the Adult Spinal Cord. J Neurosci 2016; 36:11634-45. [PMID: 27852772 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2301-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord transplants of embryonic cortical GABAergic progenitor cells derived from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) can reverse mechanical hypersensitivity in the mouse models of peripheral nerve injury- and paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain. Here, we used electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy to examine the extent to which MGE cells integrate into host circuitry and recapitulate endogenous inhibitory circuits. Whether the transplants were performed before or after nerve injury, the MGE cells developed into mature neurons and exhibited firing patterns characteristic of subpopulations of cortical and spinal cord inhibitory interneurons. Conversely, the transplanted cells preserved cortical morphological and neurochemical properties. We also observed a robust anatomical and functional synaptic integration of the transplanted cells into host circuitry in both injured and uninjured animals. The MGE cells were activated by primary afferents, including TRPV1-expressing nociceptors, and formed GABAergic, bicuculline-sensitive, synapses onto host neurons. Unexpectedly, MGE cells transplanted before injury prevented the development of mechanical hypersensitivity. Together, our findings provide direct confirmation of an extensive, functional synaptic integration of MGE cells into host spinal cord circuits. This integration underlies normalization of the dorsal horn inhibitory tone after injury and may be responsible for the prophylactic effect of preinjury transplants. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Spinal cord transplants of embryonic cortical GABAergic interneuron progenitors from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE), can overcome the mechanical hypersensitivity produced in different neuropathic pain models in adult mice. Here, we examined the properties of transplanted MGE cells and the extent to which they integrate into spinal cord circuitry. Using electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy, we demonstrate that MGE cells, whether transplanted before or after nerve injury, develop into inhibitory neurons, are activated by nociceptive primary afferents, and form GABA-A-mediated inhibitory synapses with the host. Unexpectedly, cells transplanted into naive spinal cord prevented the development of nerve-injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. These results illustrate the remarkable plasticity of adult spinal cord and the potential of cell-based therapies against neuropathic pain.
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16
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Chabannon C, Mfarrej B, Guia S, Ugolini S, Devillier R, Blaise D, Vivier E, Calmels B. Manufacturing Natural Killer Cells as Medicinal Products. Front Immunol 2016; 7:504. [PMID: 27895646 PMCID: PMC5108783 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells (ILC) with cytotoxic and regulatory properties. Their functions are tightly regulated by an array of inhibitory and activating receptors, and their mechanisms of activation strongly differ from antigen recognition in the context of human leukocyte antigen presentation as needed for T-cell activation. NK cells thus offer unique opportunities for new and improved therapeutic manipulation, either in vivo or in vitro, in a variety of human diseases, including cancers. NK cell activity can possibly be modulated in vivo through direct or indirect actions exerted by small molecules or monoclonal antibodies. NK cells can also be adoptively transferred following more or less substantial modifications through cell and gene manufacturing, in order to empower them with new or improved functions and ensure their controlled persistence and activity in the recipient. In the present review, we will focus on the technological and regulatory challenges of NK cell manufacturing and discuss conditions in which these innovative cellular therapies can be brought to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Chabannon
- CBT-1409: INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, AP-HM, Marseille, France; CRCM: INSERM, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Bechara Mfarrej
- CBT-1409: INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, AP-HM, Marseille, France; CRCM: INSERM, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Guia
- UM2, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Aix-Marseille University , Marseille , France
| | - Sophie Ugolini
- UM2, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Aix-Marseille University , Marseille , France
| | - Raynier Devillier
- CRCM: INSERM, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM , Marseille , France
| | - Didier Blaise
- CRCM: INSERM, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM , Marseille , France
| | - Eric Vivier
- UM2, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Boris Calmels
- CBT-1409: INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, AP-HM, Marseille, France; CRCM: INSERM, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
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17
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Katiyar KS, Winter CC, Struzyna LA, Harris JP, Cullen DK. Mechanical elongation of astrocyte processes to create living scaffolds for nervous system regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2737-2751. [PMID: 27273796 DOI: 10.1002/term.2168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Following brain injury or neurodegenerative disease, successful regeneration requires orchestrated migration of neurons and reformation of long-distance communication fibres, or axons. Such extensive regeneration does not occur in the mature brain; however, during embryonic development, pathways formed by glial cells extend several millimeters (mm) to create 'living scaffolds' for targeted neural cell migration and axonal pathfinding. Techniques to recapitulate long process outgrowth in glial cells have proven elusive, preventing the exploitation of this developmental mechanism for regeneration. In the current study, astrocytes were induced to form a network of interconnected processes that were subjected to controlled mechanical tension in vitro using custom-built mechanobioreactors. We discovered a specific micron (μm)-scale mechanical growth regime that induced elongation of the astrocytic processes to a remarkable length of 2.5 mm at an optimal rate of 12.5 μm/h. More rapid mechanical regimes (> 20 μm/h) caused greater incidence of process degeneration or outright breakage, whereas slow regimes (< 4 μm/h) led to adaptive motility, thus failing to achieve process elongation. Cellular phenotype for this astrocytic 'stretch-growth' was confirmed based on presentation of the intermediate filament glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Mechanical elongation resulted in the formation of dense bundles of aligned astrocytic processes. Importantly, seeded neurons readily adhered to, and extended neurites directly along, the elongated astrocytic processes, demonstrating permissiveness to support neuronal growth. This is the first demonstration of the controlled application of mechanical forces to create long astrocytic processes, which may form the backbone of tissue-engineered 'living scaffolds' that structurally emulate radial glia to facilitate neuroregeneration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika S Katiyar
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carla C Winter
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura A Struzyna
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James P Harris
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D Kacy Cullen
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Nicolas C, Wang Y, Luebke-Wheeler J, Nyberg SL. Stem Cell Therapies for Treatment of Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2016; 4:E2. [PMID: 28536370 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines4010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is an emerging form of treatment for several liver diseases, but is limited by the availability of donor livers. Stem cells hold promise as an alternative to the use of primary hepatocytes. We performed an exhaustive review of the literature, with a focus on the latest studies involving the use of stem cells for the treatment of liver disease. Stem cells can be harvested from a number of sources, or can be generated from somatic cells to create induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Different cell lines have been used experimentally to support liver function and treat inherited metabolic disorders, acute liver failure, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and small-for-size liver transplantations. Cell-based therapeutics may involve gene therapy, cell transplantation, bioartificial liver devices, or bioengineered organs. Research in this field is still very active. Stem cell therapy may, in the future, be used as a bridge to either liver transplantation or endogenous liver regeneration, but efficient differentiation and production protocols must be developed and safety must be demonstrated before it can be applied to clinical practice.
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19
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Struzyna LA, Harris JP, Katiyar KS, Chen HI, Cullen DK. Restoring nervous system structure and function using tissue engineered living scaffolds. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:679-85. [PMID: 26109930 PMCID: PMC4468747 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.156943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tissue engineering is premised on the integration of engineered living tissue with the host nervous system to directly restore lost function or to augment regenerative capacity following nervous system injury or neurodegenerative disease. Disconnection of axon pathways – the long-distance fibers connecting specialized regions of the central nervous system or relaying peripheral signals – is a common feature of many neurological disorders and injury. However, functional axonal regeneration rarely occurs due to extreme distances to targets, absence of directed guidance, and the presence of inhibitory factors in the central nervous system, resulting in devastating effects on cognitive and sensorimotor function. To address this need, we are pursuing multiple strategies using tissue engineered “living scaffolds”, which are preformed three-dimensional constructs consisting of living neural cells in a defined, often anisotropic architecture. Living scaffolds are designed to restore function by serving as a living labeled pathway for targeted axonal regeneration – mimicking key developmental mechanisms– or by restoring lost neural circuitry via direct replacement of neurons and axonal tracts. We are currently utilizing preformed living scaffolds consisting of neuronal clusters spanned by long axonal tracts as regenerative bridges to facilitate long-distance axonal regeneration and for targeted neurosurgical reconstruction of local circuits in the brain. Although there are formidable challenges in preclinical and clinical advancement, these living tissue engineered constructs represent a promising strategy to facilitate nervous system repair and functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Struzyna
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James P Harris
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kritika S Katiyar
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA ; School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Isaac Chen
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D Kacy Cullen
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Goldman SA, Nedergaard M, Windrem MS. Modeling cognition and disease using human glial chimeric mice. Glia 2015; 63:1483-93. [PMID: 26010831 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As new methods for producing and isolating human glial progenitor cells (hGPCs) have been developed, the disorders of myelin have become especially compelling targets for cell-based therapy. Yet as animal modeling of glial progenitor cell-based therapies has progressed, it has become clear that transplanted hGPCs not only engraft and expand within murine hosts, but dynamically outcompete the resident progenitors so as to ultimately dominate the host brain. The engrafted human progenitor cells proceed to generate parenchymal astrocytes, and when faced with a hypomyelinated environment, oligodendrocytes as well. As a result, the recipient brains may become inexorably humanized with regards to their resident glial populations, yielding human glial chimeric mouse brains. These brains provide us a fundamentally new tool by which to assess the species-specific attributes of glia in modulating human cognition and information processing. In addition, the cellular humanization of these brains permits their use in studying glial infectious and inflammatory disorders unique to humans, and the effects of those disorders on the glial contributions to cognition. Perhaps most intriguingly, by pairing our ability to construct human glial chimeras with the production of patient-specific hGPCs derived from pluripotential stem cells, we may now establish mice in which a substantial proportion of resident glia are both human and disease-derived. These mice in particular may provide us new opportunities for studying the human-specific contributions of glia to psychopathology, as well as to higher cognition. As such, the assessment of human glial chimeric mice may provide us new insight into the species-specific contributions of glia to human cognitive evolution, as well as to the pathogenesis of human neurological and neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Goldman
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martha S Windrem
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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21
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Windrem MS, Schanz SJ, Morrow C, Munir J, Chandler-Militello D, Wang S, Goldman SA. A competitive advantage by neonatally engrafted human glial progenitors yields mice whose brains are chimeric for human glia. J Neurosci 2014; 34:16153-61. [PMID: 25429155 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1510-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatally transplanted human glial progenitor cells (hGPCs) densely engraft and myelinate the hypomyelinated shiverer mouse. We found that, in hGPC-xenografted mice, the human donor cells continue to expand throughout the forebrain, systematically replacing the host murine glia. The differentiation of the donor cells is influenced by the host environment, such that more donor cells differentiated as oligodendrocytes in the hypomyelinated shiverer brain than in myelin wild-types, in which hGPCs were more likely to remain as progenitors. Yet in each recipient, both the number and relative proportion of mouse GPCs fell as a function of time, concomitant with the mitotic expansion and spread of donor hGPCs. By a year after neonatal xenograft, the forebrain GPC populations of implanted mice were largely, and often entirely, of human origin. Thus, neonatally implanted hGPCs outcompeted and ultimately replaced the host population of mouse GPCs, ultimately generating mice with a humanized glial progenitor population. These human glial chimeric mice should permit us to define the specific contributions of glia to a broad variety of neurological disorders, using human cells in vivo.
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22
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Bowers DT, Tanes ML, Das A, Lin Y, Keane NA, Neal RA, Ogle ME, Brayman KL, Fraser CL, Botchwey EA. Spatiotemporal oxygen sensing using dual emissive boron dye-polylactide nanofibers. ACS Nano 2014; 8:12080-91. [PMID: 25426706 PMCID: PMC4278692 DOI: 10.1021/nn504332j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenation in tissue scaffolds continues to be a limiting factor in regenerative medicine despite efforts to induce neovascularization or to use oxygen-generating materials. Unfortunately, many established methods to measure oxygen concentration, such as using electrodes, require mechanical disturbance of the tissue structure. To address the need for scaffold-based oxygen concentration monitoring, a single-component, self-referenced oxygen sensor was made into nanofibers. Electrospinning process parameters were tuned to produce a biomaterial scaffold with specific morphological features. The ratio of an oxygen sensitive phosphorescence signal to an oxygen insensitive fluorescence signal was calculated at each image pixel to determine an oxygenation value. A single component boron dye-polymer conjugate was chosen for additional investigation due to improved resistance to degradation in aqueous media compared to a boron dye polymer blend. Standardization curves show that in fully supplemented media, the fibers are responsive to dissolved oxygen concentrations less than 15 ppm. Spatial (millimeters) and temporal (minutes) ratiometric gradients were observed in vitro radiating outward from the center of a dense adherent cell grouping on scaffolds. Sensor activation in ischemia and cell transplant models in vivo show oxygenation decreases on the scale of minutes. The nanofiber construct offers a robust approach to biomaterial scaffold oxygen sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. Bowers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Michael L. Tanes
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Anusuya Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Nicole A. Keane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Rebekah A. Neal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Molly E. Ogle
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kenneth L. Brayman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Cassandra L. Fraser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Edward A. Botchwey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Address correspondence to
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23
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Kim C, Lee HC, Sung JJ. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - cell based therapy and novel therapeutic development. Exp Neurobiol 2014; 23:207-14. [PMID: 25258567 PMCID: PMC4174611 DOI: 10.5607/en.2014.23.3.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the predominant loss of motor neurons (MNs) in primary motor cortex, the brainstem, and the spinal cord, causing premature death in most cases. Minimal delay of pathological development by available medicine has prompted the search for novel therapeutic treatments to cure ALS. Cell-based therapy has been proposed as an ultimate source for regeneration of MNs. Recent completion of non-autologous fetal spinal stem cell transplant to ALS patients brought renewed hope for further human trials to cure the disease. Autologous somatic stem cell-based human trials are now in track to reveal the outcome of the ongoing trials. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based ALS disease drug screen and autologous cell transplant options will broaden therapeutic options. In this review paper, we discuss recent accomplishments in cell transplant treatment for ALS and future options with iPSC technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsung Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea
| | - Hee Chul Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Sung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-774, Korea
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Perez SM, Lodge DJ. Hippocampal interneuron transplants reverse aberrant dopamine system function and behavior in a rodent model of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:1193-8. [PMID: 23979606 PMCID: PMC4028118 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients exhibit increased hippocampal activity that is correlated with positive symptoms. Although the cause of this hippocampal hyperactivity has not been demonstrated, it likely involves a decrease in GABAergic signaling. Thus, we posit that restoring GABAergic function may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of schizophrenia. It has been demonstrated that transplanted GABAergic precursor cells from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) can migrate and differentiate into mature interneurons. Here, we demonstrate that ventral hippocampal MGE transplants can restore hippocampal function and normalize downstream dopamine neuron activity in a rodent model of schizophrenia. Furthermore, MGE transplants also reverse the hyper-responsive locomotor response to amphetamine. Taken together, these data demonstrate that restoring interneuron function reverses neurophysiological and behavioral deficits in a rodent model of schizophrenia and moreover, demonstrate the feasibility of a neuronal transplant procedure as a potential novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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