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Gharsallah S, Khitouni N, Mallah A, Alsawi A, Alluhayb AH, Khitouni M, Charnay C, Chemingui M. Advancing in Cesium Retention: Application of Magnesium Phosphate Cement Composites. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:2132. [PMID: 38730938 PMCID: PMC11084738 DOI: 10.3390/ma17092132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
A serious risk that harms the safe use of water and affects aquatic ecosystems is water pollution. This occurs when the water's natural equilibrium is disrupted by an excessive amount of substances, both naturally occurring and as a byproduct of human activities, that have varied degrees of toxicity. Radiation from Cs isotopes, which are common components of radioactive waste and are known for their long half-lives (30 years), which are longer than the natural decay processes, is a major source of contamination. Adsorption is a commonly used technique for reducing this kind of contamination, and zeolite chabazite has been chosen as the best adsorbent for cesium in this particular situation. The purpose of this research is to investigate a composite material based on magnesium phosphate cement (MPC). Magnesium oxide (MgO), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), and properly selected retarders are used to create the MPC. The optimal conditions for this composite material are investigated through the utilization of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, BET surface area analysis, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The principal aim is to enable innovations in the elimination of radioactive waste-contaminated water using effective cesium removal. The most promising results were obtained by using KH2PO4 as an acid, and MgO as a base, and aiming for an M/P ratio of two or four. Furthermore, we chose zeolite chabazite as a crucial component. The best adsorption abilities for Cs were found at Qads = 106.997 mg/g for S2 and Qads = 122.108 mg/g for S1. As a result, zeolite is an eco-friendly material that is a potential usage option, with many benefits, such as low prices, stability, and ease of regeneration and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Gharsallah
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, LR17-ES-07, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (S.G.); (N.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Nawel Khitouni
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, LR17-ES-07, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (S.G.); (N.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Abdulrahman Mallah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Abdulrahman Alsawi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah H. Alluhayb
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Mohamed Khitouni
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Clarence Charnay
- Charles Gerhard Institut, UMR-5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM, University of Montpellier, Place E, Bataillon, CEDEX 5, F-34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Mahmoud Chemingui
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, LR17-ES-07, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (S.G.); (N.K.); (M.C.)
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La Ferrara V, De Maria A, Rametta G. Green Anisole as Antisolvent in Planar Triple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells with Varying Cesium Concentrations. Micromachines (Basel) 2024; 15:136. [PMID: 38258255 PMCID: PMC10820325 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The feasibility of replacing toxic chlorobenzene antisolvents with environmentally friendly anisole in the fabrication of planar triple-cation perovskite solar cells was explored here. The successful integration of anisole not only ensures comparable device performance but also contributes to the development of more sustainable and green fabrication processes for next-generation photovoltaic technologies. Nevertheless, to ensure the possibility of achieving well-functioning unencapsulated devices whose working operation depends on outdoor atmospheric conditions, we found that adjusting the cesium concentrations in the perovskite layers enabled the electrical characterization of efficient devices even under high relative humidity conditions (more than 40%). We found that 10% of CsI in the precursor solution will make devices with low hysteresis indexes and sustained performance stability over a 90-day period both with cholorobenzene and anisole antisolvent. These results further confirm that green anisole can replace chlorobenzene as an antisolvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera La Ferrara
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Portici Research Center, 80055 Portici, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.R.)
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Zhao Q, Wang S, Wu Y, Wang Y, Ma S, Shih K. Layered metal sulfides with M aS bc- framework (M = Sb, In, Sn) as ion exchangers for the removal of Cs(Ⅰ) and Sr(Ⅱ) from radioactive effluents: a review. Front Chem 2023; 11:1292979. [PMID: 38124703 PMCID: PMC10730671 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1292979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear power has emerged as a pivotal contributor to the global electricity supply owing to its high efficiency and low-carbon characteristics. However, the rapid expansion of the nuclear industry has resulted in the production of a significant amount of hazardous effluents that contain various radionuclides, such as 137Cs and 90Sr. Effectively removing 137Cs and 90Sr from radioactive effluents prior to discharge is a critical challenge. Layered metal sulfides exhibit significant potential as ion exchangers for the efficient uptake of Cs+ and Sr2+ from aqueous solutions owing to their open and exchangeable frameworks and the distinctive properties of their soft S2- ligands. This review provides a detailed account of layered metal sulfides with MaSb c- frameworks (M = Sb, In, Sn), including their synthesis methods, structural characteristics, and Cs+ and Sr2+ removal efficiencies. Furthermore, we highlight the advantages of layered metal sulfides, such as their relatively high ion exchange capacities, broad active pH ranges, and structural stability against acid and radiation, through a comparative evaluation with other conventional ion exchangers. Finally, we discuss the challenges regarding the practical application of layered metal sulfides in radionuclide scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR,China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yichun Wu
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR,China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR,China
| | - Shengshou Ma
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR,China
| | - Kaimin Shih
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR,China
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Thompson EA, Jacobsen MC, Fuentes DT, Layman RR, Cressman ENK. Quantitative dual-energy computed tomography with cesium as a novel contrast agent for localization of thermochemical ablation in phantoms and ex vivo models. Med Phys 2023; 50:7879-7890. [PMID: 37409792 PMCID: PMC10770302 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermochemical ablation (TCA) is a minimally invasive therapy under development for hepatocellular carcinoma. TCA simultaneously delivers an acid (acetic acid, AcOH) and base (sodium hydroxide, NaOH) directly into the tumor, where the acid/base chemical reaction produces an exotherm that induces local ablation. However, AcOH and NaOH are not radiopaque, making monitoring TCA delivery difficult. PURPOSE We address the issue of image guidance for TCA by utilizing cesium hydroxide (CsOH) as a novel theranostic component of TCA that is detectable and quantifiable with dual-energy CT (DECT). MATERIALS AND METHODS To quantify the minimum concentration of CsOH that can be positively identified by DECT, the limit of detection (LOD) was established in an elliptical phantom (Multi-Energy CT Quality Assurance Phantom, Kyoto Kagaku, Kyoto, Japan) with two DECT technologies: a dual-source system (SOMATOM Force, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany) and a split-filter, single-source system (SOMATOM Edge, Siemens Healthineers). The dual-energy ratio (DER) and LOD of CsOH were determined for each system. Cesium concentration quantification accuracy was evaluated in a gelatin phantom before quantitative mapping was performed in ex vivo models. RESULTS On the dual-source system, the DER and LOD were 2.94 and 1.36-mM CsOH, respectively. For the split-filter system, the DER and LOD were 1.41- and 6.11-mM CsOH, respectively. The signal on cesium maps in phantoms tracked linearly with concentration (R2 = 0.99) on both systems with an RMSE of 2.56 and 6.72 on the dual-source and split-filter system, respectively. In ex vivo models, CsOH was detected following delivery of TCA at all concentrations. CONCLUSIONS DECT can be used to detect and quantify the concentration of cesium in phantom and ex vivo tissue models. When incorporated in TCA, CsOH performs as a theranostic agent for quantitative DECT image-guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Thompson
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Megan C Jacobsen
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David T Fuentes
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rick R Layman
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Erik N K Cressman
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Kanno S, Martin L, Vallier N, Chiarenza S, Nobori T, Furukawa J, Nussaume L, Vavasseur A, Leonhardt N. Xylem K + loading modulates K + and Cs + absorption and distribution in Arabidopsis under K +-limited conditions. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1040118. [PMID: 37810384 PMCID: PMC10557132 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth. The transcriptional regulation of K+ transporter genes is one of the key mechanisms by which plants respond to K+ deficiency. Among the HAK/KUP/KT transporter family, HAK5, a high-affinity K+ transporter, is essential for root K+ uptake under low external K+ conditions. HAK5 expression in the root is highly induced by low external K+ concentration. While the molecular mechanisms of HAK5 regulation have been extensively studied, it remains unclear how plants sense and coordinates K+ uptake and translocation in response to changing environmental conditions. Using skor mutants, which have a defect in root-to-shoot K+ translocation, we have been able to determine how the internal K+ status affects the expression of HAK5. In skor mutant roots, under K+ deficiency, HAK5 expression was lower than in wild-type although the K+ concentration in roots was not significantly different. These results reveal that HAK5 is not only regulated by external K+ conditions but it is also regulated by internal K+ levels, which is in agreement with recent findings. Additionally, HAK5 plays a major role in the uptake of Cs+ in roots. Therefore, studying Cs+ in roots and having more detailed information about its uptake and translocation in the plant would be valuable. Radioactive tracing experiments revealed not only a reduction in the uptake of 137Cs+ and 42K+in skor mutants compared to wild-type but also a different distribution of 137Cs+ and 42K+ in tissues. In order to gain insight into the translocation, accumulation, and repartitioning of both K+ and Cs+ in plants, long-term treatment and split root experiments were conducted with the stable isotopes 133Cs+ and 85Rb+. Finally, our findings show that the K+ distribution in plant tissues regulates root uptake of K+ and Cs+ similarly, depending on HAK5; however, the translocation and accumulation of the two elements are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Kanno
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ludovic Martin
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Natacha Vallier
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Serge Chiarenza
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Tatsuya Nobori
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Jun Furukawa
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Alain Vavasseur
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
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6
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Depauw A, Jonusauskaite L, Ghasemi R, Lefevre JP, Mongin C, Génot V, Delaire J, Leray I. A Highly Sensitive and Selective Optical Sensor for the On-Line Detection of Cesium in Water. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7826. [PMID: 37765882 PMCID: PMC10534878 DOI: 10.3390/s23187826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have undertaken the development of two fluorescent sensors based on calixarene compounds for the purpose of detecting cesium in water. By introducing the sulfonate functional groups, we have considerably improved the water solubility of sensors, enabling complete dissolution of products in aqueous media and direct analysis of polluted water samples. Through rigorous experiments, we have demonstrated that the complexation of Cs+ ions with sensors 1 and 2 in water leads to a remarkable enhancement of fluorescence. This fluorescence enhancement serves as a reliable indication of cesium presence and allows for sensitive detection. To further advance the practical application of our sensors, we have successfully integrated calixarene sensors 1 and 2 into a microfluidic sensor chip. This integration has enabled real-time, on-line measurements and has resulted in the development of a portable detection device capable of detecting cesium ions in water samples at parts per billion (ppb) levels. This device holds great promise for environmental monitoring and assessment, providing a convenient and efficient solution for cesium detection. Our work represents a significant advancement in the field of cesium detection, displaying the efficacy of calixarene-based fluorescent sensors and their integration into microfluidic systems. The enhanced water solubility, fluorescence response, and portability of our detection device offers tremendous potential for applications in environmental monitoring, water quality assessment, and emergency response scenarios where rapid and accurate cesium detection is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Depauw
- CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (A.D.); (L.J.); (C.M.); (V.G.); (J.D.)
| | - Laura Jonusauskaite
- CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (A.D.); (L.J.); (C.M.); (V.G.); (J.D.)
| | - Rasta Ghasemi
- Institut d’Alembert—FR 3242, ENS Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Jean-Pierre Lefevre
- CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (A.D.); (L.J.); (C.M.); (V.G.); (J.D.)
| | - C. Mongin
- CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (A.D.); (L.J.); (C.M.); (V.G.); (J.D.)
| | - Valérie Génot
- CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (A.D.); (L.J.); (C.M.); (V.G.); (J.D.)
| | - Jacques Delaire
- CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (A.D.); (L.J.); (C.M.); (V.G.); (J.D.)
| | - Isabelle Leray
- CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (A.D.); (L.J.); (C.M.); (V.G.); (J.D.)
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7
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Lee S, Kim YI, Akmal M, Ryu HJ. Effects of Cold Sintering on the Performance of Zeolite 13X as a Consolidated Adsorbent for Cesium. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37487116 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Cold sintering, a novel low-temperature consolidation technique, has shown promising results in various inorganic materials. However, the application of this technique to nanoporous materials for energy and environmental fields is not yet fully understood. This study investigates the effects of cold sintering on the relative densities, compressive strengths, chemical durabilities, crystal structures, specific surface areas, and adsorption capacities of zeolites. Cold sintering at 200 °C achieved 10 to 20% greater densification than conventional high temperature (700 °C) sintering; however, the original nanoporous structure of dry cold sintered zeolite was not maintained. Introducing liquid agents during the cold sintering process resulted in reduced degradation of the SSA and increased densification. Using NaOH as the liquid agent increased the solubility of elements in zeolite, which promoted chemical mobility and achieved the highest relative density (96.7 ± 2.8%). However, soluble layers between the particles led to fragmentation, making it unsuitable for aqueous applications. Using H2O as the liquid agent resulted in a relative density of 90.4 ± 4.1% while maintaining the nanoporous properties and structural integrity of zeolite under water. The cesium adsorption capacity (19.0 ± 0.1 mg·g-1) was similar to that of conventional zeolite ion exchangers, indicating that cold sintering with H2O was an efficient, economical, and safer alternative to conventional high-temperature consolidation method. Our findings suggest that this cold sintering can be applied to other nanoporous materials, such as metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks, in separation, catalysis, and adsorption applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Lee
- Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Akmal
- Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Ho Jin Ryu
- Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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8
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Tao C, Jiang Y, Ding Y, Jia B, Liu R, Li P, Yang W, Xia L, Sun L, Zhang B. Surface Reconstruction and Passivation of BiVO 4 Photoanodes Depending on the "Structure Breaker" Cs . JACS Au 2023; 3:1851-1863. [PMID: 37502161 PMCID: PMC10369408 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Monoclinic BiVO4 is one of the most promising photoanode materials for solar water splitting. The photoelectrochemical performance of a BiVO4 photoanode could be significantly influenced by the noncovalent interactions of redox-inert metal cations at the photoanode-electrolyte interfaces, but this point has not been well investigated. In this work, we studied the Cs+-dependent surface reconstruction and passivation of BiVO4 photoanodes. Owing to the "structure breaker" nature of Cs+, the Cs+ at the BiVO4 photoanode-electrolyte interfaces participated in BiVO4 surface photocorrosion to form a Cs+-doped bismuth vanadium oxide amorphous thin layer, which inhibited the continuous photocorrosion of BiVO4 and promoted surface charge transfer and water oxidation. The resulting cocatalyst-free BiVO4 photoanodes achieved 3.3 mA cm-2 photocurrent for water oxidation. With the modification of FeOOH catalysts, the photocurrent at 1.23 VRHE reached 5.1 mA cm-2, and a steady photocurrent of 3.0 mA cm-2 at 0.8 VRHE was maintained for 30 h. This work provides new insights into the understanding of Cs+ chemistry and the effects of redox-inert cations at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tao
- College
of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- College
of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunxuan Ding
- Center
of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry,
School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute
of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute
for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingquan Jia
- Center
of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry,
School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute
of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute
for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruitong Liu
- Center
of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry,
School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Center
of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry,
School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxing Yang
- Center
of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry,
School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute
of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute
for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lixin Xia
- College
of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning, China
| | - Licheng Sun
- Center
of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry,
School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute
of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute
for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Biaobiao Zhang
- Center
of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry,
School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute
of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute
for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Rice CA, Pitz GA, Guy MR, Perram GP. Open-Path Atmospheric Transmission of Diode-Pumped Alkali Lasers in Maritime and Desert Environments. Appl Spectrosc 2023; 77:335-349. [PMID: 36443643 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221144642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) device has been developed to study long-path atmospheric transmission near diode pumped alkali laser (DPAL) emission wavelengths. By employing a single aperture and retro reflector in a mono-static configuration, the noise associated with atmospheric and platform jitter were reduced by a factor of ∼30 and the open-air path length was extended to 4.4 km and over a very broad spectral range, up to 120 cm-1. Water vapor absorption lines near the rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs) variants of the DPAL near 795 and 894 nm, oxygen lines near the potassium (K) DPAL near 770 nm, and water vapor absorption in the vicinity of the neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser 1.064 μm and chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL) 1.3 μm lines were studied. The detection limit for path absorbance increases from ΔA = 0.0017 at 100 m path length to 0.085 for the 4.4 km path. Comparison with meteorological instruments for maritime and desert environments yields agreement for the 2.032 km path to within 1.5% for temperature, 4.5% for pressure, and 5.1% for concentration, while agreements for the 4.4 km path are within 1.4% for temperature, 7.7% for pressure, and 23.5% for concentration. An intra cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS) device was also used as a spectral reference to verify location of atmospheric lines. Implications of TDLAS collection system design on signal-to-noise (S/N) are discussed as well as the effect of path turbulence on baseline noise and inform the selection of the DPAL variant least affected by molecular absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Rice
- Department of Engineering Physics, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Greg A Pitz
- Department of Engineering Physics, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Matthew R Guy
- Department of Engineering Physics, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Glen P Perram
- Department of Engineering Physics, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
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Sandal N, Kumar V, Sharma P, Yadav M. Oral formulation of Prussian blue with improved efficacy for prophylactic use against thallium. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023; 49:149-158. [PMID: 36912805 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2189958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study is aimed to enhance the efficacy of Insoluble Prussian blue (PB) in the stomach. PB formulation was developed comprising of PB in combination with pH modifying agents particularly magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate. pH profile and the binding efficacy of the final formulation was evaluated in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). METHODS The capsule formulation was optimized with desired in vitro characteristics. The final formulations (FF1-FF4) were evaluated for drug release, pH profile, and binding efficacy for thallium (Tl). The stability studies were performed in terms of drug assay, Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The in vivo study was performed in rats to determine the removal efficacy of optimized formulation (FF4) for Tl. RESULTS The PB formulation consisting of optimized PB granules and pH modifying agents showed a significant increase in the binding efficacy for Tl in SGF at an equilibrium time of 24 h. The Maximum Binding Capacity (MBC) of FF1-FF4 was found to be higher than commercially available Radiogardase®-Cs capsules and PB granules alone in SGF. The blood Tl level in rats treated with FF4 showed three-fold decreases in the level of Tl in the blood (Cmax) and Area under Curve (AUC) as compared to the control. CONCLUSION The results revealed that the developed oral PB formulation has a significantly higher efficiency of binding Tl at the acidic pH of the stomach thereby reducing its absorption into the systemic circulation. Thus, the optimized formulation of PB with pH-modifying agents is a better drug for prophylactic use in thallium ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sandal
- Defence Research and Development Organization, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Defence Research and Development Organization, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Defence Research and Development Organization, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahendra Yadav
- Defence Research and Development Organization, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Schmidt B, Kegler F, Steinhauser G, Chyzhevskyi I, Dubchak S, Ivesic C, Koller-Peroutka M, Laarouchi A, Adlassnig W. Uptake of Radionuclides by Bryophytes in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone. Toxics 2023; 11:218. [PMID: 36976983 PMCID: PMC10056093 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The "Chernobyl nuclear disaster" released huge amounts of radionuclides, which are still detectable in plants and sediments today. Bryophytes (mosses) are primitive land plants lacking roots and protective cuticles and therefore readily accumulate multiple contaminants, including metals and radionuclides. This study quantifies 137Cs and 241Am in moss samples from the cooling pond of the power plant, the surrounding woodland and the city of Prypiat. Activity concentrations of up to 297 Bq/g (137Cs) and 0.43 Bq/g (241Am) were found. 137Cs contents were significantly higher at the cooling pond, where 241Am was not detectable. Distance to the damaged reactor, amount of original fallout, presence of vascular tissue in the stem or taxonomy were of little importance. Mosses seem to absorb radionuclides rather indiscriminately, if available. More than 30 years after the disaster, 137Cs was washed out from the very top layer of the soil, where it is no more accessible for rootless mosses but possibly for higher plants. On the other hand, 137Cs still remains solved and accessible in the cooling pond. However, 241Am remained adsorbed to the topsoil, thus accessible to terrestrial mosses, but precipitated in the sapropel of the cooling pond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Schmidt
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Kegler
- Institute for Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, Building 4113, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg Steinhauser
- Chemistry & TRIGA Center Atominstitut, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ihor Chyzhevskyi
- State Specialized Enterprise “Ecocentre” (SSE “Ecocentre”), 07270 Chornobyl, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy Dubchak
- Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, Building 4113, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Caroline Ivesic
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianne Koller-Peroutka
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aicha Laarouchi
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Adlassnig
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Salih KAM, Zhou K, Hamza MF, Mira H, Wei Y, Ning S, Guibal E, Salem WM. Phosphonation of Alginate-Polyethyleneimine Beads for the Enhanced Removal of Cs(I) and Sr(II) from Aqueous Solutions. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020152. [PMID: 36826322 PMCID: PMC9957171 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Cs(I) and Sr(II) are not strategic and hazardous metal ions, their recovery from aqueous solutions is of great concern for the nuclear industry. The objective of this work consists of designing a new sorbent for the simultaneous recovery of these metals with selectivity against other metals. The strategy is based on the functionalization of algal/polyethyleneimine hydrogel beads by phosphonation. The materials are characterized by textural, thermo-degradation, FTIR, elemental, titration, and SEM-EDX analyses to confirm the chemical modification. To evaluate the validity of this modification, the sorption of Cs(I) and Sr(II) is compared with pristine support under different operating conditions: the pH effect, kinetics, and isotherms are investigated in mono-component and binary solutions, before investigating the selectivity (against competitor metals) and the possibility to reuse the sorbent. The functionalized sorbent shows a preference for Sr(II), enhanced sorption capacities, a higher stability at recycling, and greater selectivity against alkali, alkaline-earth, and heavy metal ions. Finally, the sorption properties are compared for Cs(I) and Sr(II) removal in a complex solution (seawater sample). The combination of these results confirms the superiority of phosphonated sorbent over pristine support with promising performances to be further evaluated with effluents containing radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A. M. Salih
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Kanggen Zhou
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Mohammed F. Hamza
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Nuclear Materials Authority, POB 530, El-Maadi, Cairo 11728, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.F.H.); (E.G.); Tel.: +20-1116681228 (M.F.H.); +33-(0)466782734 (E.G.)
| | - Hamed Mira
- Nuclear Materials Authority, POB 530, El-Maadi, Cairo 11728, Egypt
| | - Yuezhou Wei
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shunyan Ning
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Eric Guibal
- Polymers Composites and Hybrids (PCH), IMT Mines Ales, CEDEX, F-30319 Alès, France
- Correspondence: (M.F.H.); (E.G.); Tel.: +20-1116681228 (M.F.H.); +33-(0)466782734 (E.G.)
| | - Waheed M. Salem
- Medical Labs Department, Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Menoufia University, Shebine El-Koam 6131567, Egypt
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Kafle A, Garcia K. Cesium could be used as a proxy for potassium in mycorrhizal Medicago truncatula. Plant Signal Behav 2022; 17:2134676. [PMID: 36259539 PMCID: PMC9586695 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2134676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi interact with the roots of most land plants and help them to acquire various mineral resources from the soil, including potassium (K+). However, tracking K+ movement in AM symbiosis remains challenging. Recently, we reported that rubidium can be used as a proxy for K+ in mycorrhizal Medicago truncatula. In the present work, we investigated the possibility of using cesium (Cs+) as another proxy for K+ in AM symbiosis. Plants were placed in growing systems that include a separate compartment only accessible to the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis isolate 09 and in which various amounts of cesium chloride (0 mM, 0.5 mM, 1.5 mM, or 3.75 mM) were supplied. Plants were watered with sufficient K+ or K+-free nutrient solutions, and shoot and root biomass, fungal colonization, and K+ and Cs+ concentrations were recorded seven weeks after inoculation. Our results indicate that Cs+ accumulated in plant tissues only when K+ was present in the nutrient solution and when the highest concentration of Cs+ was used in the fungal compartment. Consequently, we conclude that Cs+ could be used as a proxy for K+ in AM symbiosis, but with serious limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Kafle
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin Garcia
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Tokar E, Tutov M, Bratskaya S, Egorin A. Removal of Cs-137 Radionuclide by Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Ion-Exchange Resins from Solutions Simulating Real Liquid Radioactive Waste. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36558066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of the removal of Cs-137 radionuclides with porous and non-porous resorcinol−formaldehyde resins from alkaline solutions simulating the composition of real liquid radioactive waste (LRW) streams has been evaluated. Resins were synthesized through the polycondensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde in an alkaline medium at a molar ratio of 1.8/2.2 and a temperature of 210 °C. The Cs-137 distribution coefficients on RFRs in alkaline solutions simulating LRW were above 103 mL/g under static sorption conditions. In a model solution with pH 11, the full dynamic sorption capacity of non-porous RFR was 0.178 mmol/g. The values of the full dynamic sorption capacities of porous RFRs were 0.274 and 1.035 mmol/g for resins obtained with calcium carbonate and toluene as templates, respectively. When the sizes of RFR beads increased two-fold, the volume until 5% cesium breakthrough decreased by 20−40%. The most pronounced beneficial effect of the RFR’s porosity was observed at flow rates from 25 to 50 BV/h. It was shown that the negative effect of metal cations on Cs-137 uptake increases in the following order: Na+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < K+. The number of bed volumes of LRW-simulating solution decontaminated with RFRs until 5% cesium breakthrough was above 450; that is higher than the value of known commercially available analogs. The latter shows that the developed RFRs are promising for application in technological schemes of alkaline LRW processing.
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Yudkoff C, Mahtabfar A, Piper K, Judy K. Safety and efficacy of salvage therapy with laser interstitial thermal therapy for malignant meningioma refractory to cesium-131 brachytherapy: illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons 2022; 4:CASE22379. [PMID: 36471578 PMCID: PMC9724005 DOI: 10.3171/case22379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic meningioma are rare, cancerous tumors of the central nervous system that often require multimodal therapy for tumor control. Both laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) and brachytherapy with implanted cesium-131 metallic seeds have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of recurrent and resistant anaplastic meningioma; however, their safety as a dual therapy has never been reported. OBSERVATIONS In this report, the authors present a case of a 53-year-old female who received LITT in combination with brachytherapy after surgical and radiation treatment options had been exhausted. The authors discuss the unique safety concern of thermal injury with this treatment combination and demonstrate their method for the safe administration of these treatments together. Furthermore, the authors provide a review of the literature on LITT as an emerging therapy for anaplastic meningioma. LESSONS The use of LITT in combination with brachytherapy remains an option for salvage therapy in patients with recurrent meningioma that provides durable local control of tumor.
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İnan S, Kusumkar VV, Galamboš M, Viglašová E, Rosskopfová O, Daňo M. Isotherm, Kinetic, and Selectivity Studies for the Removal of 133Ba and 137Cs from Aqueous Solution Using Turkish Perlite. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7816. [PMID: 36363408 PMCID: PMC9654746 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of 133Ba and 137Cs removal from aqueous solution is vital to mitigate ecological concerns over spreading these radionuclides in the environment. The present work focused on the use of Turkish perlite for the sorptive removal of 133Ba and 137Cs from aqueous solution by the radioindicator method. Perlite was characterized by XRF, XRD, FTIR, SEM−EDX, and BET analyses. The maximum percentage removals of 88.2% and 78.7% were obtained for 133Ba and 137Cs at pH 6 and pH 9, respectively. For both ions, the sorption equilibrium was attained relatively rapidly. Experimental kinetic data were well described with pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models. The uptake of both ions increased with the increase in metal concentration (1 × 10−5 to 5 × 10−2 mol/L) in solution. The maximum uptake capacities of 133Ba and 137Cs were found to be 1.96 and 2.11 mmol/g, respectively. The effect of competing ions decreased in the order of Ca2+>K+>Ni2+>Na+ for 133Ba sorption, whereas for 137Cs sorption, the order was determined as Ca2+>Ni2+>K+>Na+. Selectivity studies pointed out that sorption of 133Ba onto perlite is preferable to 137Cs. Therefore, Turkish perlite is a promising, cost-effective, and efficient natural material for the removal of 133Ba and 137Cs from relatively diluted aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman İnan
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vipul Vilas Kusumkar
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Galamboš
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Viglašová
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Oľga Rosskopfová
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Daňo
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 115 19 Prague, Czech Republic
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Chen WC, Lafreniere M, Phuong C, Liu SJ, Baal JD, Lometti M, Morin O, Ziemer B, Vasudevan HN, Lucas CHG, Hervey-Jumper SL, Theodosopoulos PV, Magill ST, Fogh S, Nakamura JL, Boreta L, Sneed PK, McDermott MW, Raleigh DR, Braunstein SE. Resection with intraoperative cesium-131 brachytherapy as salvage therapy for recurrent brain tumors. J Neurosurg 2022; 137:924-930. [PMID: 35061986 DOI: 10.3171/2021.10.jns211886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors' objective was to examine the safety and efficacy of salvage intracranial cesium-131 brachytherapy in combination with resection of recurrent brain tumors. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of consecutive patients treated with intraoperative intracranial cesium-131 brachytherapy at a single institution. Permanent suture-stranded cesium-131 seeds were implanted in the resection cavity after maximal safe tumor resection. The primary outcomes of interest were local, locoregional (within 1 cm), and intracranial control, as well as rates of overall survival (OS), neurological death, symptomatic adverse radiation effects (AREs), and surgical complication rate graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. RESULTS Between 2016 and 2020, 36 patients received 40 consecutive cesium-131 implants for 42 recurrent brain tumors and received imaging follow-up for a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 17.0 (12.7-25.9) months. Twenty patients (55.6%) with 22 implants were treated for recurrent brain metastasis, 12 patients (33.3%) with 16 implants were treated for recurrent atypical (n = 7) or anaplastic (n = 5) meningioma, and 4 patients (11.1%) were treated for other recurrent primary brain neoplasms. All except 1 tumor (97.6%) had received prior radiotherapy, including 20 (47.6%) that underwent 2 or more prior radiotherapy treatments and 23 (54.8%) that underwent prior resection. The median (IQR) tumor size was 3.0 (2.3-3.7) cm, and 17 lesions (40.5%) had radiographic evidence of ARE prior to salvage therapy. Actuarial 1-year local/locoregional/intracranial control rates for the whole cohort and patients with metastases and meningiomas were 91.6%/83.4%/47.9%, 88.8%/84.4%/45.4%, and 100%/83.9%/46.4%, respectively. No cases of local recurrence of any histology (0 of 27) occurred after gross-total resection (p = 0.012, log-rank test). The 1-year OS rates for the whole cohort and patients with metastases and meningiomas were 82.7%, 79.1%, and 91.7%, respectively, and the median (IQR) survival of all patients was 26.7 (15.6-36.4) months. Seven patients (19.4%) experienced neurological death from progressive intracranial disease (7 of 14 total deaths [50%]), 5 (13.9%) of whom died of leptomeningeal disease. Symptomatic AREs were observed in 9.5% of resection cavities (n = 4), of which 1 (2.4%) was grade 3 in severity. The surgical complication rate was 16.7% (n = 7); 4 (9.5%) of these patients had grade 3 or higher complications, including 1 patient (2.4%) who died perioperatively. CONCLUSIONS Cesium-131 brachytherapy resulted in good local control and acceptable rates of symptomatic AREs and surgical complications in this heavily pretreated cohort, and it may be a reasonable salvage adjuvant treatment for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen T Magill
- 5Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael W McDermott
- 6Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Neuroscience Institute, Miami, Florida
| | - David R Raleigh
- Departments of1Radiation Oncology
- 4Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Andrews HB, McFarlane J, Myhre KG. Monitoring Noble Gases (Xe and Kr) and Aerosols (Cs and Rb) in a Molten Salt Reactor Surrogate Off-Gas Stream Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Appl Spectrosc 2022; 76:988-997. [PMID: 35537200 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221088625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study with surrogate materials shows that laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a robust tool with promising capability toward monitoring gaseous (Xe and Kr) and aerosol (Cs and Rb) species in an off-gas stream from a molten salt reactor (MSR). MSRs will continually evolve fission products into the cover gas flowing across the reactor headspace. The cover gas entrains Xe and Kr gases, along with aerosol particles, before passing into an off-gas treatment system. Univariate models of Xe and Kr peaks showed a strong correlation to concentration indicated by their coefficients of determination of 0.983 and 0.997, respectively. Multivariate models were built for all four analytes using partial least squares regression coupled with preprocessing steps including normalization, trimming, and/or genetic algorithm derived filters. The models were evaluated by predicting the concentrations of the analytes in four validation samples, in which all calibration models were successfully validated at a confidence interval of 99.9%. Lastly, pressure controllers were used to regulate the mass flow rate of Kr flowing into the measurement cell in sinusoidal and stepwise waveforms to test the real-time monitoring capabilities of the regression models. Both univariate and partial least squares Kr models were able to successfully quantify the gas concentration in the real-time evaluation. The root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) values for these real-time tests were calculated to be 0.051, 0.060, and 0.121 mol% demonstrating the measurement systems' capability to perform online monitoring with acceptable accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter B Andrews
- Radioisotope Science and Technology Division, 6146Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Joanna McFarlane
- Nuclear Energy and Fuel Cycle Division, 6146Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Kristian G Myhre
- Radioisotope Science and Technology Division, 6146Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
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Magnuson M, Stilman T, Serre S, Archer J, James R, Xia X, Lawrence M, Tamargo E, Raveh-Amit H, Sharon A. Part 2: Stabilization/Containment of Radiological Particle Contamination to Enhance First Responder, Early Phase Worker, and Public Safety. Appl Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:1-23. [PMID: 37850155 PMCID: PMC10581405 DOI: 10.3390/app12083861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The application of stabilization technologies to a radiologically contaminated surface has the potential for reducing the spread of contamination and, as a result, decreasing worker exposure to radiation. Three stabilization technologies, calcium chloride (CaCl2), flame retardant Phos-Chek® MVP-Fx, and Soil2O™ were investigated to evaluate their ability to reduce the resuspension and tracking of radiological contamination during response activities such as vehicle and foot traffic. Concrete pavers, asphalt pavers, and sandy soil walking paths were used as test surfaces, along with simulated fallout material (SFM) tagged with radiostrontium (Sr-85) applied as the contaminant. Radiological activities were measured using gamma spectrometry before and after simulated vehicle operation and foot traffic experiments, conducted with each stabilization technology and without application as a nonstabilized control. These measurements were acquired separately for each combination of surface and vehicle/foot traffic experiment. The resulting data describes the extent of SFM removed from each surface onto the tires or boots, the extent of SFM transferred to adjacent surfaces, and the residual SFM remaining on the tires or boots after each experiment. The type of surface and response worker actions influenced the stabilization results. For instance, when walked over, less than 2% of particles were removed from nonstabilized concrete, 4% from asphalt, and 40% of the particles were removed from the sand surface. By contrast, for vehicle experiments, ~40% of particles were again removed from the sand, but 7% and 15% from concrete and asphalt, respectively. In most cases, the stabilization technologies did provide improved stabilization. The improvement was related to the type of surface, worker actions, and stabilizer; a statistical analysis of these variables is presented. Overall, the results suggest an ability to utilize these technologies during the planning and implementation of response activities involving foot and vehicle traffic. In addition, resuspension of aerosolizable range SFM was monitored during walking path foot traffic experiments, and all stabilizing agents decreased the measured radioactivity, with the Soil2O™ decrease being 3 fold, whereas the CaCl2 and Phos-Chek MVP-Fx surfaces generated no detectable radioactivity. Overall, these results suggest that the stabilization technologies decrease the availability of particles respirable by response workers under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Magnuson
- EPA Office of Research and Development, Homeland Security Materials and Management Division, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Terry Stilman
- EPA Region 4, 61 Forsyth St., SW, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shannon Serre
- EPA Office of Land and Emergency Management, Consequence Management Advisory Division, WJC-N, Washington, DC 20002, USA
| | - John Archer
- EPA Office of Research and Development, Homeland Security Materials and Management Division, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Ryan James
- Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Ave., Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Xia
- Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Ave., Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | | | - Erin Tamargo
- Irregular Warfare Technical Support Directorate, Alexandria, VA 22350, USA
| | - Hadas Raveh-Amit
- Department of Chemistry, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, P.O. Box 9001, Beer Sheva 8419000, Israel
| | - Avi Sharon
- Environmental Research Unit, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, P.O. Box 9001, Beer Sheva 8419000, Israel
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20
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Ašmontas S, Čerškus A, Gradauskas J, Grigucevičienė A, Juškėnas R, Leinartas K, Lučun A, Petrauskas K, Selskis A, Sužiedėlis A, Širmulis E. Impact of Cesium Concentration on Optoelectronic Properties of Metal Halide Perovskites. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15. [PMID: 35269167 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Performance of a perovskite solar cell is largely influenced by the optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskite films. Here we study the influence of cesium concentration on morphology, crystal structure, photoluminescence and optical properties of the triple cation perovskite film. Incorporation of small amount (x = 0.1) of cesium cations into Csx(MA0.17FA0.83)1−x Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 leads to enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cell resulting mainly from significant rise of the short-current density and the fill factor value. Further increase of Cs concentration (x > 0.1) decreases the film’s phase purity, carrier lifetime and correspondingly reduces PCE of the solar cell. Higher concentration of Cs (x ≥ 0.2) causes phase segregation of the perovskite alongside with formation of Cs-rich regions impeding light absorption.
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Gilles O. K + -independent Kir blockade by external Cs + and Ba 2. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15200. [PMID: 35274814 PMCID: PMC8915156 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cations such as Cs+ and Ba2+ are known to block K+ currents by entering an open channel and binding to the selectivity filter, where they obstruct the pore and block diffusion of the permeant ion. This obstruction is voltage- and K+ -dependent and is relieved by the trans permeant ion flux. The present patch-clamp study on Xenopus muscle cells shows that, unlike the voltage-activated K+ (Kv) channels, blockade of the inward rectifier K+ (Kir) channels by external foreign cations results from the combination of pore obstruction with a new and independent mechanism. This new blockade is independent of the K+ concentrations and flux and acts indiscriminately on both the outward and the inward Kir components. External Cs+ and Ba2+ compete for this blockade with free access to common channel sites. These features suggest that the blocking cations do not need to enter the channel for this new mechanism, and should bind to the extracellular side of the channel. When K+ fluxes are flowing outward, the pore obstruction is relieved for both Kir and Kv currents, and the K+ -independent blockade here described is responsible for a selective Kir inhibition, justifying the use of these external cations as tools in cell physiology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouanounou Gilles
- Université Paris‐SaclayCNRSInstitut des Neurosciences Paris‐SaclaySaclayFrance
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22
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Tokar E, Tutov M, Kozlov P, Slobodyuk A, Egorin A. Effect of the Resorcinol/Formaldehyde Ratio and the Temperature of the Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Gel Solidification on the Chemical Stability and Sorption Characteristics of Ion-Exchange Resins. Gels 2021; 7:239. [PMID: 34940300 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of resorcinol–formaldehyde resins (RFR) samples for Cs-137 removal from liquid alkaline media have been synthesized. It has been demonstrated that the chemical stability as well as sorption characteristics are determined by the resorcinol/formaldehyde molar ratio and the solidification temperature. It has been also demonstrated that the sample synthesized at the resorcinol/formaldehyde molar ratio of 1.8/2.2 and solidified at 210 °C is characterized by the best sorption-selective characteristics and chemical stability. Under dynamic conditions, at feeding >1000 bed volumes of a model solution with pH > 13, the RFR 3-1 goes through six sorption cycles without noticeable changes in the sorption characteristics. The results are presented that demonstrate the possibility of RFR application in the decontamination of real LRW from Cs-137.
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23
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Spisak SN, Zhou Z, Liu S, Xu Q, Wei Z, Kato K, Segawa Y, Itami K, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Stepwise Generation of Mono-, Di-, and Triply-Reduced Warped Nanographenes: Charge-Dependent Aromaticity, Surface Nonequivalence, Swing Distortion, and Metal Binding Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25445-25453. [PMID: 34554612 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The stepwise chemical reduction of a molecular warped nanographene (WNG) having a negatively curved π-surface and defined C80 H30 composition with Cs metal used as the reducing and complexing agent allowed the isolation of three different reduced states with one, two, and three electrons added to its π-conjugated system. This provided a unique series of nanosized carbanions with increasing negative charge for in-depth structural analysis of consequences of controlled electron charging of non-planar nanographenes, using X-ray crystallographic and computational tools. The 3D molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps identified the negative charge localization at the central part of the WNG surface where selective coordination of Cs+ ions is confirmed crystallographically. In-depth theoretical investigation revealed a complex response of the WNG to the stepwise electron acquisition. The extended and contorted π-surface of the WNG undergoes subtle swinging distortions that are accompanied by notable changes in the electronic structure and site-dependent aromaticity of the resulting carbanions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Shuyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Kenta Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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Nugroho BS, Kato A, Kowa C, Nakashima T, Wada A, Wihadi MNK, Nakashima S. Exploration of the Cs Trapping Phenomenon by Combining Graphene Oxide with α-K 6P 2W 18O 62 as Nanocomposite. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:5577. [PMID: 34639973 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A graphene oxide-based α-K6P2W18O62 (Dawson-type polyoxometalate) nanocomposite was formed by using two types of graphene oxide (GO) samples with different C/O compositions. Herein, based on the interaction of GO, polyoxometalates (POMs), and their nanocomposites with the Cs cation, quantitative data have been provided to explicate the morphology and Cs adsorption character. The morphology of the GO-POM nanocomposites was characterized by using TEM and SEM imaging. These results show that the POM particle successfully interacted above the surface of GO. The imaging also captured many small black spots on the surface of the nanocomposite after Cs adsorption. Furthermore, ICP-AES, the PXRD pattern, IR spectra, and Raman spectra all emphasized that the Cs adsorption occurred. The adsorption occurred by an aggregation process. Furthermore, the difference in the C/O ratio in each GO sample indicated that the ratio has significantly influenced the character of the GO-POM nanocomposite for the Cs adsorption. It was shown that the oxidized zone (sp2/sp3 hybrid carbon) of each nanocomposite sample was enlarged by forming the nanocomposite compared to the corresponding original GO sample. The Cs adsorption performance was also influenced after forming a composite. The present study also exhibited the fact that the sharp and intense diffractions in the PXRD were significantly reduced after the Cs adsorption. The result highlights that the interlayer distance was changed after Cs adsorption in all nanocomposite samples. This has a good correlation with the Raman spectra in which the second-order peaks changed after Cs adsorption.
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Alby D, Salles F, Zajac J, Charnay C. Influence of the Nanotube Morphology and Intercalated Species on the Sorption Properties of Hybrid Layered Vanadium Oxides: Application for Cesium Removal from Aqueous Streams. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2349. [PMID: 34578670 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present paper examines the impact that the nanotube morphology and organic or inorganic intercalated species may have on the cesium sorption by layered vanadium oxides prepared with the use of hexadecylamine as a structure-directing agent. The hybrid material represented by a chemical formula of (V2O5)(VO2)1.03(C16H36N)1.46(H2O)x was achieved through accelerated microwave-assisted synthesis carefully optimized to ensure the best compromise between the scroll-like morphology and the hydrophobic character. To enhance its dispersibility in water, this sample was subsequently modified by progressive replacement of the C16H36N+ units by NH4+ cations. The final materials represented a stacking of lamellar sheets with a worse scroll-like morphology. Both the optimization procedure and the template removal were monitored on the basis of scanning and transmission electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infra-red spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elemental analysis, supplemented by adequate simulations methods providing the reference IR spectra and XRD patterns for comparison or the textural parameters of the samples. The comparison of the cesium sorption from either a 4:1 ethanol–water mixture or aqueous solutions pointed toward the solubility of intercalated cations in the bulk solution as the main factor limiting their displacement from the interlayer space by the oncoming cesium ones. The sample obtained after 70% exchange with NH4+ exhibited a maximum sorption capacity of 1.4 mmol g−1 from CsNO3 aqueous solutions and its retention efficiency remained significant from low-concentration Cs solutions in river or sea water.
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Ozeki K, Ono A. Preparation of aluminosilicate and hydroxyapatite/aluminosilicate composite films with the sputtering technique and their adsorption capacity with cesium and strontium. Biomed Mater Eng 2021; 31:291-305. [PMID: 32986648 DOI: 10.3233/bme-201121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Removal of radioactive substances, such as cesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr), has become an emerging issue after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster. It has been reported that hydroxyapatite (HA) and aluminosilicate composite powders can be used to remove Cs and Sr. However, the film type of these materials for the removal of Cs and Sr has not been reported. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using HA, aluminosilicate, and aluminosilicate/HA composites for the removal of Cs and Sr radioactive substances. METHODS Aluminosilicate films and HA films were fabricated using a sputtering technique with diatomaceous earth and HA targets, respectively. The aluminosilicate film was observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A comb-shaped HA/aluminosilicate composite film was prepared to take advantage of the adsorption properties of the HA and the aluminosilicate films. The Cs and Sr adsorption on these films were also evaluated. RESULTS In the XRD patterns, the film sputtered from a diatomaceous earth target under 5.0 Pa of Ar pressure showed aluminosilicate peaks (Na1.82(Al2Si3O10) and Al2SiO5) after 8 h of vapor-phase hydrothermal treatment. The film showed higher adsorption of Cs than Sr in Cs and Sr solutions, while the HA film adsorbed far more Sr than Cs. A HA/aluminosilicate composite film was successfully fabricated, and the SEM images showed that the width of the HA region was 230-260 μm, and that of the aluminosilicate region was 170-200 μm. The HA/aluminosilicate composite film showed 84.8 ± 11.5% Cs adsorption and 28.3 ± 1.4% Sr adsorption in a mixed solution of Cs and Sr. CONCLUSION This study shows the feasibility of using HA films, aluminosilicate films, and HA/aluminosilicate composite films for the removal of radioactive substances such as Cs and Sr.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ozeki
- Major in Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - A Ono
- Major in Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan
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27
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Venturi S. Cesium in Biology, Pancreatic Cancer, and Controversy in High and Low Radiation Exposure Damage-Scientific, Environmental, Geopolitical, and Economic Aspects. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:8934. [PMID: 34501532 PMCID: PMC8431133 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18178934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radionuclide contamination in terrestrial ecosystems has reached a dangerous level. The major artificial radionuclide present in the environment is cesium-137 (137-Cs). In humans, animals, and plants cesium ion (Cs+) behaves like potassium ion (K+) and it is localized mainly inside the cells. Pancreas and salivary glands secrete Cs in the intestine thus eliminating about 14% of ingested Cs with the feces, the remaining 86% is eliminated by the kidney with the urine. Ingested radiocesium can also cause in humans several cases of pancreatitis with secondary diabetes (type 3c), which are both on the rise in the world. The Author studied the correlation between the geographical map of mortality from pancreatic cancer (PC) and the map of nuclear plant accidents, atomic bomb testing, and radioactive fallout. The worldwide death rate of PC is increasing, but the exact cause is still not known. Published data in medical literature at World, European and Italian levels are reviewed and compared. 137-Cs, with a half-life of about 30 years, is still present in the environment for about 300-600 years. Autoradiographic studies in mice have shown that 137-Cs is concentrated in greater quantity in the pancreas, particularly in exocrine cells, where most malignant PCs originate. Some methods of radiocesium removal and PC prevention are also suggested. But there is still a persistent, and not entirely disinterested, the controversy between damage from high and low exposure to ionizing radiations.
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28
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Lin PID, Cardenas A, Rifas-Shiman SL, Hivert MF, James-Todd T, Amarasiriwardena C, Wright RO, Rahman ML, Oken E. Diet and erythrocyte metal concentrations in early pregnancy-cross-sectional analysis in Project Viva. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:540-549. [PMID: 34038956 PMCID: PMC8326032 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary sources of metals are not well established among pregnant women in the United States. OBJECTIVE We aimed to perform a diet-wide association study (DWAS) of metals during the first trimester of pregnancy. METHODS In early pregnancy (11.3 ± 2.8 weeks of gestation), 1196 women from Project Viva (recruited 1999-2002 in eastern Massachusetts) completed a validated FFQ (135 food items) and underwent measurements of erythrocyte metals [arsenic (As), barium, cadmium, cesium (Cs), copper, mercury (Hg), magnesium, manganese, lead (Pb), selenium (Se), zinc]. The DWAS involved a systematic evaluation and visualization of all bivariate relations for each food-metal combination. For dietary items with strong associations with erythrocyte metals, we applied targeted maximum likelihood estimations and substitution models to evaluate how hypothetical dietary interventions would influence metals' concentrations. RESULTS Participants' mean ± SD age was 32.5 ± 4.5 y and prepregnancy BMI was 24.8 ± 5.4 kg/m2; they were mostly white (75.9%), college graduates (72.4%), married or cohabitating (94.6%), had a household income >$70,000/y (63.5%), and had never smoked (67.1%). Compared with other US-based cohorts, the overall diet quality of participants was above average, and concentrations of erythrocyte metals were lower. The DWAS identified significant associations of several food items with As, Hg, Pb, Cs, and Se; for example, As was higher for each SD increment in fresh fruit (11.5%; 95% CI: 4.9%, 18.4%), white rice (17.9%; 95% CI: 9.4%, 26.9%), and seafood (50.9%; 95% CI: 42.8%, 59.3%). Following the guidelines for pregnant women to consume ≤3 servings/wk of seafood was associated with lower As (-0.55 ng/g; 95% CI: -0.82, -0.28 ng/g) and lower Hg (-2.67 ng/g; 95% CI: -3.55, -1.80 ng/g). Substituting white rice with bread, pasta, tortilla, and potato was also associated with lower As (35%-50%) and Hg (35%-70%). CONCLUSIONS Our DWAS provides a systematic evaluation of diet-metals relations. Prenatal diet may be an important source of exposures to metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-i D Lin
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of
Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care
Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health,
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of
Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care
Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of
Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care
Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Tamarra James-Todd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mohammad L Rahman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of
Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care
Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of
Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care
Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Malakhova I, Parotkina Y, Palamarchuk M, Eliseikina M, Mironenko A, Golikov A, Bratskaya S. Composite Zn(II) Ferrocyanide/Polyethylenimine Cryogels for Point-of-Use Selective Removal of Cs-137 Radionuclides. Molecules 2021; 26:4604. [PMID: 34361764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of several approaches to the fabrication of monolith composite cryogels containing transition-metal ferrocyanides for Cs+ ion uptake has been evaluated. Although in the series of investigated metal ion precursors (Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), and Co(II)), in situ formation of the sorption active phase in polyethyleneimine (PEI) cryogel was feasible only in the case of Zn(II) ferrocyanide, this approach has shown significant advantages over the immobilization of ex situ synthesized ferrocyanide nanoparticles. Nanoparticles of the mixed ferrocyanide Zn1.85K0.33[Fe(CN)6] formed in situ had an average size of 516 ± 146 nm and were homogeneously distributed in the monolith located at the polymer surface rather than embedded in the matrix. The Young modulus of the PEI cryogel increased after modification from 25 to 57 kPa, but composites maintained high permeability to the flow. Sorption of Cs+ ions has been investigated at superficial velocity up to 8 m/h. Steep breakthrough profiles and uptake efficiency of >99.5% until breakthrough point confirmed that a supermacroporous structure of the monolith composite assured good mass transfer, so that intraparticle diffusion was not the limiting stage of sorption kinetics. Application of the rate-constant distribution model (RCD model) to analyze the breakthrough curves of Cs+ sorption allowed the identification of two types of sorption sites with a difference in sorption rate constants of ~1 log unit. Most likely, sorption on “fast” sorption sites was governed by ion exchange between Cs+ ions in solution and K+ ions in the ferrocyanide lattice. Cs-137 radionuclide removal was investigated using the monolith composite columns of various geometries at superficial velocity up to the 6.6 m/h; specific gamma activity was reduced from 265 kBq/L to the background level, showing high potential of these materials for POU application.
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30
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Efimova NV, Krasnopyorova AP, Yuhno GD, Sofronov DS, Rucki M. Uptake of Radionuclides 60Co, 137Cs, and 90Sr with α-Fe 2O 3 and Fe 3O 4 Particles from Aqueous Environment. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14112899. [PMID: 34071340 PMCID: PMC8199396 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the paper, investigation results of the uptake efficiency of radionuclides 60Co, 90Sr, and 137Cs dissolved in water onto iron oxides α-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 are presented. It was found that sorption efficiency increased for higher pH values. Independent of the oxide nature, the uptake characteristics are the best toward 60Co and the worst toward 137Cs, forming the row as follows: 60Co > 90Sr > 137Cs. The highest sorption ability at pH 9 was found for magnetite Fe3O4, which was 93%, 73%, and 26% toward 60Co, 90Sr, and 137Cs, respectively, while the respective percentages for hematite α-Fe2O3 were 85%, 41%, and 18%. It was assumed that the main sorption mechanism was ion exchange. That may explain some decrease of the sorption efficiency in drinking water due to the interfering presence of magnesium and calcium cations. The obtained results indicated the feasibility of the tested sorbents and their merits, especially in terms of relatively high uptake coefficients, low costs, availability, and lack of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V. Efimova
- Department of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (N.V.E.); (A.P.K.); (G.D.Y.)
| | - Alla P. Krasnopyorova
- Department of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (N.V.E.); (A.P.K.); (G.D.Y.)
| | - Galina D. Yuhno
- Department of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (N.V.E.); (A.P.K.); (G.D.Y.)
| | - Dmitry S. Sofronov
- State Scientific Institution «Institute for Single Cristal», National Academy of Sciences, 60 Nauky Avenue, 61001 Kharkiv, Ukraine;
| | - Mirosław Rucki
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, ul. Stasieckiego 54, 26-600 Radom, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Ashraf MA, Akihiro T, Ito K, Kumagai S, Sugita R, Tanoi K, Rahman A. ATP binding cassette proteins ABCG37 and ABCG33 function as potassium-independent cesium uptake carriers in Arabidopsis roots. Mol Plant 2021; 14:664-678. [PMID: 33588076 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiocesium accumulated in the soil by nuclear accidents is a major environmental concern. The transport process of cesium (Cs+) is tightly linked to the indispensable plant nutrient potassium (K+) as they both belong to the group I alkali metals with similar chemical properties. Most of the transporters that had been characterized to date as Cs+ transporters are directly or indirectly linked to K+. Using a combinatorial approach of physiology, genetics, cell biology, and root uptake assay, here we identified two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins, ABCG37 and ABCG33, as facilitators of Cs+ influx. A gain-of-function mutant of ABCG37 (abcg37-1) showed increased sensitivity to Cs+-induced root growth inhibition, while the double knockout mutant of ABCG33 and ABCG37 (abcg33-1abcg37-2) showed resistance, whereas the single loss-of-function mutants of ABCG33 and ABCG37 did not show any alteration in Cs+ response. In planta short-term radioactive Cs+-uptake assay along with growth and uptake assays in a heterologous system confirmed ABCG33 and ABCG37 as Cs+-uptake carriers. Potassium response and content were unaffected in the double-mutant background and yeast cells lacking potassium-uptake carriers transformed with ABCG33 and ABCG37 failed to grow in the absence of K+, confirming that Cs+ uptake by ABCG33 and ABCG37 is independent of K+. Collectively, this work identified two ABC proteins as new Cs+-influx carriers that act redundantly and independent of the K+-uptake pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arif Ashraf
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Akihiro
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Keita Ito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kumagai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sugita
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Abidur Rahman
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; Agri-Innovation, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
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Sagheer SH, Bornstein J, Bar-Ad V, Cheng M, Cummins A, Cognetti DM, Curry J, Yao M, Lavertu P, Kutler DI, Zender C, Luginbuhl AJ. Adjuvant Cesium-131 Brachytherapy for Patients Intolerant of External Beam Radiation Therapy. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:E2449-E2451. [PMID: 33729580 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Hamad Sagheer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan Bornstein
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Vochita Bar-Ad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Michael Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Andi Cummins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - David M Cognetti
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Joseph Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Pierre Lavertu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - David I Kutler
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Chad Zender
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Adam J Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
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Zhou L, Xu M, Yin J, Shui R, Yang S, Hua D. Dual Ion-Imprinted Mesoporous Silica for Selective Adsorption of U(VI) and Cs(I) through Multiple Interactions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:6322-6330. [PMID: 33508932 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Separation of uranium and cesium from low-level radioactive effluents (LLRE) is of great significance for sustainable development of the nuclear industry and for the environment. However, high salinity and massive coexisting ions of LLRE are giant challenges for the separation. To address the challenges, we report a strategy for efficient and simultaneous separation of uranium and cesium from a high-salt environment by dual ion-imprinted mesoporous silica based on multiple interactions. The as-prepared adsorbents can reach equilibrium for uranium and cesium within 1 h with a maximum capacity of 221.7 mg U g-1 and 34.5 mg Cs g-1. The sorption mechanism demonstrates that the highly active phenolic hydroxyl groups of imprinted cavities can extract uranium and cesium effectively through multiple interactions, including coulomb attraction, redox, ion exchange, and complexation. The synergism of multiple interactions and imprinted cavity endows the sorbent with good selectivity for uranium and cesium over other cations and with excellent salt tolerance. This work demonstrates a new strategy of selective extraction of nuclides by multifunction adsorbent through multiple interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) & College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Meiyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) & College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) & College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Runjie Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) & College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Sen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) & College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Daoben Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) & College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China
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Liao YY, Li JR, Zhang B, Sun HY, Ma W, Jin JC, Feng ML, Huang XY. Robust and Flexible Thioantimonate Materials for Cs + Remediation with Distinctive Structural Transformation: A Clear Insight into the Ion-Exchange Mechanism. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:5275-5283. [PMID: 33496170 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
It is imperative yet challenging to efficiently sequester the 137Cs+ ion from aqueous solutions because of its highly environmental mobility and extremely high radiotoxicity. The systematical clarification for underlying mechanism of Cs+ removal and elution at the molecular level is rare. Here, efficient Cs+ capture is achieved by a thioantimonate [MeNH3]3Sb9S15 (FJSM-SbS) with high capacity, fast kinetics, wide pH durability, excellent β and γ radiation resistances, and facile elution. The Cs+ removal is not significantly impacted by coexisting Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Sr2+ ions which is beneficial to the remediation of Cs+-contaminated real waters. Importantly, the mechanism is directly illuminated by revealing an unprecedented single-crystal to single-crystal structural transformation upon Cs+ uptake and elution processes. The superior Cs+ removal results from an unusual synergy from strong affinity of soft S2- with Cs+, easily exchangeable [MeNH3]+ cations, and the flexible and robust framework of FJSM-SbS with open windows as trappers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ce Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Fujian Province Joint Innovation Key Laboratory of Fuel and Materials in Clean Nuclear Energy System, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Fujian Province Joint Innovation Key Laboratory of Fuel and Materials in Clean Nuclear Energy System, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
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Connor DT, Wood K, Martin PG, Goren S, Megson-Smith D, Verbelen Y, Chyzhevskyi I, Kirieiev S, Smith NT, Richardson T, Scott TB. Radiological Mapping of Post-Disaster Nuclear Environments Using Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Systems: A Study From Chornobyl. Front Robot AI 2021; 6:149. [PMID: 33501164 PMCID: PMC7805860 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2019.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the immediate aftermath following a large-scale release of radioactive material into the environment, it is necessary to determine the spatial distribution of radioactivity quickly. At present, this is conducted by utilizing manned aircraft equipped with large-volume radiation detection systems. Whilst these are capable of mapping large areas quickly, they suffer from a low spatial resolution due to the operating altitude of the aircraft. They are also expensive to deploy and their manned nature means that the operators are still at risk of exposure to potentially harmful ionizing radiation. Previous studies have identified the feasibility of utilizing unmanned aerial systems (UASs) in monitoring radiation in post-disaster environments. However, the majority of these systems suffer from a limited range or are too heavy to be easily integrated into regulatory restrictions that exist on the deployment of UASs worldwide. This study presents a new radiation mapping UAS based on a lightweight (8 kg) fixed-wing unmanned aircraft and tests its suitability to mapping post-disaster radiation in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ). The system is capable of continuous flight for more than 1 h and can resolve small scale changes in dose-rate in high resolution (sub-20 m). It is envisaged that with some minor development, these systems could be utilized to map large areas of hazardous land without exposing a single operator to a harmful dose of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean T Connor
- Interface Analysis Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran Wood
- Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Peter G Martin
- South West Nuclear Hub, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sevda Goren
- South West Nuclear Hub, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David Megson-Smith
- Interface Analysis Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yannick Verbelen
- South West Nuclear Hub, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nick T Smith
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Workington, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Richardson
- Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas B Scott
- South West Nuclear Hub, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Akhil S, Dutt VGV, Mishra N. Completely Amine-Free Open-Atmospheric Synthesis of High-Quality Cesium Lead Bromide (CsPbBr 3 ) Perovskite Nanocrystals. Chemistry 2020; 26:17195-17202. [PMID: 32931596 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) CsPbX3 (X=Cl, Br, and I) have been prominent materials in the last few years due to their high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) for light-emitting diodes and other significant applications in photovoltaics and optoelectronics. In colloidal CsPbX3 synthesis, the most commonly used ligands are oleic acid and oleylamine. The latter plays an important role in surface passivation but may also be responsible for poor colloidal stability as a result of facile proton exchange leading to the formation of labile oleylammonium halide, which pulls halide ions out of the NC surface. Herein, a facile, efficient, completely amine-free synthesis of cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals using hydrobromic acid as halide source and tri-n-octylphosphane as ligand under open-atmospheric conditions is demonstrated. Hydrobromic acid serves as labile source of bromide ion, and thus this three-precursor approach (separate precursors for Cs, Pb, Br) gives more control than a conventional single-source precursor for Pb and Br (PbBr2 ). The use of HBr paved the way to eliminate oleylamine, and thus the formation of labile oleylammonium halide can be completely excluded. Various Cs:Pb:Br molar ratios were studied and optimum conditions for making very stable CsPbBr3 NCs with high PLQY were found. These completely amine-free CsPbBr3 perovskite NCs synthesized under bromine-rich conditions exhibit good stability and durability for more than three months in the form of colloidal solutions and films, respectively. Furthermore, stable tunable emission across a wide spectral range through anion exchange was demonstrated. More importantly, this work reports open-atmosphere-stable CsPbBr3 NCs films exhibiting strong PL, which can be further used for optoelectronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Akhil
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University AP Andhra Pradesh, Neerukonda, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India
| | - V G Vasavi Dutt
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University AP Andhra Pradesh, Neerukonda, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India
| | - Nimai Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University AP Andhra Pradesh, Neerukonda, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India
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Adams E, Miyazaki T, Moon JY, Sawada Y, Sato M, Toyooka K, Hirai MY, Shin R. Syringic Acid Alleviates Cesium-Induced Growth Defect in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9116. [PMID: 33266116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Syringic acid, a phenolic compound, serves a variety of beneficial functions in cells. Syringic acid increases in plants in response to cesium, and exogenous application of syringic acid resulted in a significant attenuation of cesium-induced growth defects in Arabidopsis. In addition, cesium or syringic acid application to plants also resulted in increased lignin deposition in interfascicular fibers. To better understand the role of lignin and syringic acid in attenuating cesium-induced growth defects, two mutants for Arabidopsis REDUCED EPIDERMAL FLUORESCENE 4 (REF4) and fourteen laccase mutants, some of which have lower levels of lignin, were evaluated for their response to cesium. These mutants responded differently to cesium stress, compared to control plants, and the application of syringic acid alleviated cesium-induced growth defects in the laccase mutants but not in the ref4 mutants. These findings imply that lignin plays a role in cesium signaling but the attenuation of cesium stress defects by syringic acid is mediated by regulatory components of lignin biosynthesis and not lignin biosynthesis itself. In contrast, syringic acid did not alleviate any low potassium-induced growth defects. Collectively, our findings provide the first established link between lignin and cesium stress via syringic acid in plants.
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Dragan ES, Humelnicu D, Ignat M, Varganici CD. Superadsorbents for Strontium and Cesium Removal Enriched in Amidoxime by a Homo-IPN Strategy Connected with Porous Silica Texture. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:44622-44638. [PMID: 32935537 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In light of the fact that two with good compatibility are better than one, the homo-interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) strategy was used in this work to design novel amidoxime (AOX)-interpenetrating networks into porous silica (PSi) with the final aim to enhance the sorption performances of composite sorbents toward Cs+ and Sr2+. To achieve this goal, first, a homo-IPN of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) was constructed inside the channels of two kinds of porous silica, one mesoporous (PSi1) and one macroporous (PSi2), the textural properties of silica being exploited in controlling the sorption performances of the composites. The novel composites were fully characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the nitrogen sorption/desorption isotherms (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis). The sorption properties of the PSi1/AOX and PSi2/AOX composite sorbents for Sr2+ and Cs+ were investigated in the batch mode to determine the effect of solution pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, temperature, and the presence of competitive ions on the adsorption performances. The fast kinetics of sorption was supported by the fact that ∼80% of Sr2+ and ∼65% of Cs+ were adsorbed in the first 30 min, the kinetic data being better described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The experimental isotherms were well fitted by the Langmuir and Sips isotherm models. The superadsorption of Sr2+ and Cs+ is demonstrated by the values of the maximum sorption capacity of the best sorbent constructed with mesoporous silica (PSi1/IPN-AOX), which were 344.23 mg Cs+/g and 360.23 mg Sr2+/g. The sorption process was spontaneous and endothermic for both metal ions. The presence of interfering cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), at a concentration of 10-2 M, only slightly influenced the sorption capacity for the main cation. The composite sorbents were still highly efficient after five sorption/desorption cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecaterina Stela Dragan
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41 A, Iasi 700487, Romania
| | - Doina Humelnicu
- Faculty of Chemistry, "Al. I. Cuza" University of Iasi, Carol I Bd. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Ignat
- Faculty of Chemistry, "Al. I. Cuza" University of Iasi, Carol I Bd. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristian Dragos Varganici
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41 A, Iasi 700487, Romania
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Shao Z, Meng H, Du X, Sun X, Lv P, Gao C, Rao Y, Chen C, Li Z, Wang X, Cui G, Pang S. Cs 4 PbI 6 -Mediated Synthesis of Thermodynamically Stable FA 0.15 Cs 0.85 PbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2001054. [PMID: 32567102 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The stability issue is still one of the main limitations of the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics. The mixed cation FAx Cs1 -x PbI3 has shown great promise owing to its improved thermal and moisture stability. However, the study of FAx Cs1 -x PbI3 is concentrated on formamidine (FA)-rich perovskite, whereas cesium (Cs)-rich FAx Cs1 -x PbI3 perovskites are barely studied due to the inevitable phase separation when Cs > 30 mol%. Here, a Cs4 PbI6 -mediated method is developed to synthesize Cs-rich FAx Cs1 -x PbI3 perovskites. It is demonstrated that Cs4 PbI6 intermediate phase has a low Cs cation diffusion barrier and therefore offers a fast ion exchange with the preformed FA-rich perovskite phase to finally form the Cs-rich FAx Cs1 -x PbI3 perovskite. The results indicate that ≈15% alloying with organic FA cations can sufficiently stabilize the perovskite phase with excellent phase and UV-irradiation stability. The FA0.15 Cs0.85 PbI3 perovskite solar cells achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 17.5%, showing the great potential of Cs-based perovskites for efficient and stable solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Shao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Hongguang Meng
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofan Du
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Xiuhong Sun
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Peiliang Lv
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Caiyun Gao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Yi Rao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Guanglei Cui
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Pang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
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Rai H, Kawabata M. The Dynamics of Radio- Cesium in Soils and Mechanism of Cesium Uptake Into Higher Plants: Newly Elucidated Mechanism of Cesium Uptake Into Rice Plants. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:528. [PMID: 32477382 PMCID: PMC7237719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil radio-cesium (Cs) contamination caused by nuclear accidents is a major public concern. In this review, we presented the behavior of radio-Cs in soils, the relationship between Cs+ and potassium (K) ion uptake from soils, and the Cs+ uptake model proposed previously. Finally, we introduced the newly elucidated mechanism of Cs+ uptake in rice plants and compared it with the previously proposed Cs+ uptake model. Cs is a trace element in soil. It is toxic to plants when absorbed at high concentrations, although this rarely occurs under normal environmental conditions. Nevertheless, radio-Cs released during nuclear weapon tests or nuclear power plant accidents is absorbed by plants, thus entering the food chain. As Cs+ strongly binds to the frayed edge sites of illitic clays in soil, it is hardly moved by the infiltration of rainwater. However, plants have a strong ability for inorganic ions uptake, causing re-diffusion of radio-Cs+ into ecosystems and radioactive contamination of food. It is hypothesized that Cs+ is absorbed by plants through the same mechanism implemented in K+ uptake. However, the dynamics of the two elements do not always coincide in their transition from soil to plants and inside the plants. A previously proposed model of Cs uptake by higher plants stated that Cs+ is absorbed through high affinity potassium (HAK) family of transporters and voltage-insensitive cation (VIC) channels. A knockout line of a HAK transporter gene (oshak1) in rice revealed that the HAK transporter OsHAK1 is the main route of Cs+ influx into rice plants, especially in low-potassium conditions. The K+ uptake rates did not differ greatly between the oshak1 and wildtype. On the surface of rice roots, potassium-transport systems other than OsHAK1 make little or no contribution to Cs+ uptake. It is almost certain that OsAKT1 does not mediate the Cs uptake. Under normal soil conditions, 80-90% of Cs uptake into the roots is mediated by OsHAK1 and the rest by VIC channels. Except for the difference between the contribution ratio of HAK and VIC channels in Cs uptake, these results are consistent with the conventional model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Rai
- Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
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Connor DT, Wood K, Martin PG, Goren S, Megson-Smith D, Verbelen Y, Chyzhevskyi I, Kirieiev S, Smith NT, Richardson T, Scott TB. Corrigendum: Radiological Mapping of Post-Disaster Nuclear Environments Using Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Systems: A Study From Chornobyl. Front Robot AI 2020; 7:30. [PMID: 33502383 PMCID: PMC7805828 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2020.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dean T Connor
- Interface Analysis Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran Wood
- Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Peter G Martin
- South West Nuclear Hub, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sevda Goren
- South West Nuclear Hub, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David Megson-Smith
- Interface Analysis Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yannick Verbelen
- South West Nuclear Hub, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nick T Smith
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Workington, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Richardson
- Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas B Scott
- South West Nuclear Hub, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Aaseth J, Nurchi VM, Andersen O. Medical Therapy of Patients Contaminated with Radioactive Cesium or Iodine. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E856. [PMID: 31835766 PMCID: PMC6995530 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Follow-up studies after the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents have shown that 137Cs and 131I made up the major amount of harmful contaminants in the atmospheric dispersion and fallout. Other potential sources for such radionuclide exposure may be terrorist attacks, e.g., via contamination of drinking water reservoirs. A primary purpose of radionuclide mobilization is to minimize the radiation dose. Rapid initiation of treatment of poisoned patients is imperative after a contaminating event. Internal contamination with radioactive material can expose patients to prolonged radiation, thus leading to short- and long-term clinical consequences. After the patient's emergency conditions are addressed, the treating physicians and assisting experts should assess the amount of radioactive material that has been internalized. This evaluation should include estimation of the radiation dose that is delivered and the specific radionuclides inside the body. These complex assessments warrant the reliance on a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates regional experts in radiation medicine and emergencies. Regional hospitals should have elaborated strategies for the handling of radiation emergencies. If radioactive cesium is a significant pollutant, Prussian blue is the approved antidote for internal detoxification. Upon risks of radioiodine exposure, prophylactic or immediate treatment with potassium iodide tablets is recommended. Chelators developed from calcium salts have been studied for gastrointestinal trapping and enhanced mobilization after strontium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Marina Nurchi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato-Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Ole Andersen
- Department of Science, Systems and Models, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
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Kulikova SA, Vinokurov SE. The Influence of Zeolite (Sokyrnytsya Deposit) on the Physical and Chemical Resistance of a Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Compound for the Immobilization of High-Level Waste. Molecules 2019; 24:E3421. [PMID: 31547080 PMCID: PMC6804266 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The manuscript presents the results of the development of new material for high-level waste (HLW) management: the magnesium potassium phosphate (MKP) compound. The possibility of using zeolite (Sokyrnytsya deposit) to increase the mechanical, thermal, and hydrolytic resistance of this compound with immobilized HLW was studied. The main component of the used natural zeolite is a mineral of the clinoptilolite-heulandite series, and quartz, microcline, and clay minerals (illite, sepiolite, and smectite) are present as impurities. The compressive strength of the compound, containing at least 4.2 wt % zeolite, is about 25 MPa. Compound containing 28.6 wt % zeolite retains high compressive strength (at least 9.0 MPa), even after heat treatment at 450 °C. The adding of zeolite to the composition of the compound increases its hydrolytic stability, while the leaching rate of the mobile nuclides 137Cs and 90Sr decreases up to one order of values. Differential leaching rate of radionuclides from the compound containing 28.6 wt % zeolite is 2.6 × 10-7 for 137Cs, 2.9 × 10-6 for 90Sr, 1.7 × 10-9 for 239Pu, and 2.9 × 10-9 g/(cm2∙day) for 241Am. Thus, the properties of the resulting compound correspond to the requirements for solidified HLW in Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Kulikova
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 19 Kosygin st., Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Sergey E Vinokurov
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 19 Kosygin st., Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Gao L, Zhang F, Chen X, Xiao C, Larson BW, Dunfield SP, Berry JJ, Zhu K. Enhanced Charge Transport by Incorporating Formamidinium and Cesium Cations into Two-Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11737-11741. [PMID: 31218795 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid two-dimensional (2D) perovskites (n≤5) have recently attracted significant attention because of their promising stability and optoelectronic properties. Normally, 2D perovskites contain a monocation [e.g., methylammonium (MA+ ) or formamidinium (FA+ )]. Reported here for the first time is the fabrication of 2D perovskites (n=5) with mixed cations of MA+ , FA+ , and cesium (Cs+ ). The use of these triple cations leads to the formation of a smooth, compact surface morphology with larger grain size and fewer grain boundaries compared to the conventional MA-based counterpart. The resulting perovskite also exhibits longer carrier lifetime and higher conductivity in triple cation 2D perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2D PSCs with triple cations was enhanced by more than 80 % (from 7.80 to 14.23 %) compared to PSCs fabricated with a monocation. The PCE is also higher than that of PSCs based on binary cation (MA+ -FA+ or MA+ -Cs+ ) 2D structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Gao
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Fei Zhang
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Xihan Chen
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Chuanxiao Xiao
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Bryon W Larson
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Sean P Dunfield
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Joseph J Berry
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
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Sato I, Sasaki J, Satoh H, Natsuhori M, Murata T, Okada K. Comparison of urine and blood as a convenient and practical sample for estimating the contamination level of live cattle with radioactive cesium. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1090-1095. [PMID: 31199550 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Blood and urine were compared to clarify which is a better sample for estimating the concentration of radioactive cesium in muscles of live cattle. The most probable concentration of 137 Cs in muscles was 21.0 times that in blood, and the error of this estimation was 28%. The concentration of 137 Cs in blood was estimated accurately using urine samples. The estimation error did not increase so much (33%), even when the concentration of 137 Cs in muscles was estimated using urine samples. On the other hand, the maximum volume of blood that can be collected with one syringe is 50 ml, whereas it is easy to collect 1,000 ml of urine. It took at least 360 min to confirm that a cow meets the legal standard by inspecting 50 ml of blood. However, with 1,000 ml of urine, a 20 min measurement time was sufficient for this purpose. This difference in the required measurement time is critically important for practical use. In addition, urine can be collected by farmers themselves, whereas the blood collection requires a veterinarian. Therefore, urine is a more convenient and practical sample for estimating the contamination level of live cattle with radioactive cesium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Sato
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Jun Sasaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Satoh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | | | - Takahisa Murata
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Okada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
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Doušová B, Koloušek D, Lhotka M, Keppert M, Urbanová M, Kobera L, Brus J. Waste Brick Dust as Potential Sorbent of Lead and Cesium from Contaminated Water. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E1647. [PMID: 31137567 DOI: 10.3390/ma12101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption properties of waste brick dust (WBD) were studied by the removing of PbII and CsI from an aqueous system. For adsorption experiments, 0.1 M and 0.5 M aqueous solutions of Cs+ and Pb2+ and two WBD (Libochovice-LB, and Tyn nad Vltavou-TN) in the fraction below 125 µm were used. The structural and surface properties of WBD were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in combination with solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), supplemented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area (SBET), total pore volume and zero point of charge (pHZPC). LB was a more amorphous material showing a better adsorption condition than that of TN. The adsorption process indicated better results for Pb2+, due to the inner-sphere surface complexation in all Pb2+ systems, supported by the formation of insoluble Pb(OH)2 precipitation on the sorbent surface. A weak adsorption of Cs+ on WBD corresponded to the non-Langmuir adsorption run followed by the outer-sphere surface complexation. The leachability of Pb2+ from saturated WBDs varied from 0.001% to 0.3%, while in the case of Cs+, 4% to 12% of the initial amount was leached. Both LB and TN met the standards for PbII adsorption, yet completely failed for any CsI removal from water systems.
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Adams E, Miyazaki T, Watanabe S, Ohkama-Ohtsu N, Seo M, Shin R. Glutathione and Its Biosynthetic Intermediates Alleviate Cesium Stress in Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1711. [PMID: 32038683 PMCID: PMC6985154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is optimized when plants grow vigorously while accumulating the contaminant of interest. Here we show that sulphur supply alleviates aerial chlorosis and growth retardation caused by cesium stress without reducing cesium accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. This alleviation was not due to recovery of cesium-induced potassium decrease in plant tissues. Sulphur supply also alleviated sodium stress but not potassium deficiency stress. Cesium-induced root growth inhibition has previously been demonstrated as being mediated through jasmonate biosynthesis and signalling but it was found that sulphur supply did not decrease the levels of jasmonate accumulation or jasmonate-responsive transcripts. Instead, induction of a glutathione synthetase gene GSH2 and reduction of a phytochelatin synthase gene PCS1 as well as increased accumulation of glutathione and cysteine were observed in response to cesium. Exogenous application of glutathione or concomitant treatments of its biosynthetic intermediates indeed alleviated cesium stress. Interestingly, concomitant treatments of glutathione biosynthetic intermediates together with a glutathione biosynthesis inhibitor did not cancel the alleviatory effects against cesium suggesting the existence of a glutathione-independent pathway. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that plants exposed to cesium increase glutathione accumulation to alleviate the deleterious effects of cesium and that exogenous application of sulphur-containing compounds promotes this innate process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Adams
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Eri Adams, ; Ryoung Shin,
| | - Takae Miyazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryoung Shin
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Eri Adams, ; Ryoung Shin,
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Rodin J, Bar-Ad V, Cognetti D, Curry J, Johnson J, Zender C, Doyle L, Kutler D, Leiby B, Keane W, Luginbuhl A. A systematic review of treating recurrent head and neck cancer: a reintroduction of brachytherapy with or without surgery. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2018; 10:454-62. [PMID: 30479623 DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2018.79399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To review brachytherapy use in recurrent head and neck carcinoma (RHNC) with focus on its efficacy and complication rates. Material and methods A literature search of PubMed, Ovid, Google Scholar, and Scopus was conducted from 1990 to 2017. Publications describing treatment of RHNC with brachytherapy with or without surgery were included. The focus of this review is on oncologic outcomes and the safety of brachytherapy in the recurrent setting. Results Thirty studies involving RHNC treatment with brachytherapy were reviewed. Brachytherapy as adjunctive treatment to surgical resection appears to be associated with an improved local regional control and overall survival, when compared with the published rates for re-irradiation utilizing external beam radiotherapy (RT) or brachytherapy alone. Safety data remains variable with different isotopes and dose rates with implantable brachytherapy demonstrating a tolerable side effect profile. Conclusions Although surgery remains a mainstay treatment for RHNC, intraoperative interstitial brachytherapy delivery as adjunctive therapy may improve the treatment outcome and may be associated with fewer complication rates as compared to reirradiation using external beam radiotherapy. Further investigations are required to elucidate the role of brachytherapy for RHNC.
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Wang DM, Aso Y, Ohara H, Tanaka T. Synthesis and Characterization of Alkali Metal Ion-Binding Copolymers Bearing Dibenzo-24-crown-8 Ether Moieties. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10101095. [PMID: 30961020 PMCID: PMC6403618 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dibenzo-24-crown-8 (DB24C8)-bearing copolymers were synthesized by radical copolymerization using a DB24C8-carrying acrylamide derivative and N-isopropylacrylamide monomers. The cloud point of the resulting copolymers changed in aqueous solution in the presence of cesium ions. In addition, the 1H NMR signals of DB24C8-bearing copolymers shifted in the presence of alkali metal. This shift was more pronounced following the addition of Cs+ compared to Rb+, K+, Na+, and Li+ ions due to recognition of the Cs+ ion by DB24C8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ming Wang
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Yuji Aso
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Hitomi Ohara
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Tomonari Tanaka
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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Li Z, Nagashima M, Ikeda K. Treatment Technology of Hazardous Water Contaminated with Radioisotopes with Paper Sludge Ash-Based Geopolymer-Stabilization of Immobilization of Strontium and Cesium by Mixing Seawater. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E1521. [PMID: 30149524 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Long-term immobilization ratios of strontium (Sr2+) and cesium (Cs⁺) in paper sludge ash-based geopolymer (PS-GP) were investigated in one year. PS-GP paste specimens were prepared in the conditions of 20 °C and 100% R.H., using two kinds of paper sludge ash (PS-ash). Two kinds of alkaline solution were used in the PS-GP as activator. One was prepared by diluting aqueous Na-disilicate (water glass) with seawater. Another was a mixture of this solution and caustic soda of 10 M concentration. When seawater was mixed into the alkaline solution, unstable fixations of Sr2+ and Cs⁺ were greatly improved, resulting stable and high immobilization ratios at any age up to one year, no matter what kind of PS-ash and alkaline solution were used. Element maps obtained by EPMA exhibited nearly even distribution of Cs⁺. However Sr2+ was biased, making domains so firmly related to Ca2+ presence. The mechanism that seawater stabilizes immobilization of Sr2+ and Cs⁺ was discussed in this study, but still needs to further investigation. Chemical composition analyses of PS-GP were also conducted by SEM-EDS. Two categories of GP matrix were clearly observed, so called N-A-S-H and C-A-S-H gels, respectively. By plotting in ternary diagrams of SiO₂-(CaO + Na₂O)-Al₂O₃ and Al₂O₃-CaO-Na₂O, compositional trends were discussed in view of 'plagioclase gels' newly found in this study. As a result, it is suggested that the N-A-S-H and C-A-S-H gels should be strictly called Na-rich N-C-A-S-H and Ca-rich N-C-A-S-H gels, respectively.
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