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Stavitz J, Koc T. Exploring the Experiences and Perspectives of Division III Athletes Regarding Personalized Nutrition Plans for Improved Performance-A Qualitative Investigation. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:923. [PMID: 38727480 PMCID: PMC11083372 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12090923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This qualitative study explores Division III college student-athletes' experiences and perceptions of personalized nutrition plans in collegiate sports settings. (2) Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted using a general qualitative research design. Using a grounded theory approach, a thematic analysis was utilized to analyze the interview transcripts, allowing for the identification of recurring themes and patterns. (3) Results: A total of 30 Division III college student-athletes, 16 males (53.3%) and 14 females (46.7%), representing a diverse range of sports disciplines, engaged in discussions about personalized nutrition plans. Analysis of the data revealed five main themes: (1) Nutritional Knowledge and Awareness, (2) Perceived Benefits of Personalized Nutrition Plans, (3) Challenges and Barriers to Implementation, (4) Influence of Team Culture and Environment, and (5) Suggestions for Improvement. (4) Conclusion: This study sheds light on the complexities of implementing personalized nutrition plans in collegiate sports settings and emphasizes the need for comprehensive, athlete-centered approaches to optimize performance and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Stavitz
- Athletic Training Education Program, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Thomas Koc
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA;
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Rao NC, Zwibel H, Berezanskaya J, Pena P, Jung MK. A comparative study of the effectiveness of an osteopathic primary care sports medicine led intervention on performance in men's collegiate lacrosse players. J Osteopath Med 2021; 122:71-77. [PMID: 34787383 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2021-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Comprehensive sports medicine care goes beyond the treatment of injuries resulting from athletic activities. Ultimately, it is a competence that includes knowledge in physical therapy, training, nutrition, coaching, motivation, competition, mentoring, psychology, and spirituality that allows the physician and patient to collaborate on promoting the patient's health goals. The current literature demonstrates a lack of knowledge in the Osteopathic Primary Care Sports Medicine Model's effectiveness in performance. OBJECTIVES To determine whether a comprehensive osteopathic primary care sports medicine approach can improve performance and health outcomes in collegiate athletes. METHODS A randomized controlled trial commenced just prior to the start of the lacrosse season and concluded at the end of the season. All the New York Institute of Technology (NYIT) collegiate lacrosse players were educated first in a 1-day seminar of the core competencies, and all participants had access to ask questions on their own volition. Then they were randomized into two groups, either the experimental group receiving the direct osteopathic primary care sports medicine intervention (n=18) or the control group not having active intervention (n=19). Also, the overall team winning percentage for that season was computed and compared to that for the previous years and the following year. Participants were assessed before and after the intervention with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), custom Osteopathic Primary Care Sports Medicine questionnaire, and body fat composition, and their changes were compared between the experimental group and the control group. Collected data were analyzed using the repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS Thirty-seven participants were enrolled in the study. After 14 participants were excluded due to being lost to follow-up, 23 athlete records were analyzed. The winning percentage of the team was highest during the year of the study period time than in the 3 previous years and the following year. The test group did not have any statistically significant change in the PHQ-9, SF-36, custom Osteopathic Primary Care Sports Medicine questionnaire, as well as in body fat composition. CONCLUSIONS When used during a collegiate lacrosse season, this Osteopathic Primary Care Sports Medicine intervention did not significantly improve health outcomes. This preliminary study, despite its limitations in compliance and study population size, did demonstrate improvement in overall team performance when comparing the intervention sport season to other seasons but was not statistically significantly. Therefore, further studies are warranted to improve the understanding in this approach to athlete health outcomes and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hallie Zwibel
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Jenny Berezanskaya
- University of Miami Health System Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paul Pena
- HRHCare HRHCare Yonkers, the Valentine Lane Health Center, Yonkers, NY, USA
| | - Min-Kyung Jung
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, USA
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Chandran A, Roby PR, Boltz AJ, Robison HJ, Morris SN, Collins CL. Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Gymnastics: 2014-2015 Through 2018-2019. J Athl Train 2021; 56:688-694. [PMID: 34280287 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-635-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Women's gymnastics athletes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) constitute a unique population of NCAA athletes given the nature and dynamics of the sport. BACKGROUND Routine examination of women's gymnastics injuries is important for identifying the evolving burden of injuries in this sport. METHODS Exposure and injury data collected in the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program during 2014-2015 through 2018-2019 were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics; injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates. RESULTS The overall injury rate was 8.00 per 1000 athlete-exposures; injury incidence was greater in competitions than in practices (injury rate ratio = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.48, 2.29), though practice injury rates increased during 2015-2016 through 2018-2019. Most injuries were classified as strains (16.5%), sprains (16.4%), and inflammatory conditions (12.3%), with overuse injuries prevalent among practice injuries (22.5%). Concussions (8.4%) were the most commonly reported specific injury. SUMMARY The increasing trend in practice injury incidence is noteworthy although competition injury rates were higher overall. Findings also suggest that the etiologies of overuse injuries and inflammatory conditions as well as the biomechanical aspects of concussions warrant further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Chandran
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Patricia R Roby
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Adrian J Boltz
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Hannah J Robison
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sarah N Morris
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Christy L Collins
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
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Chandran A, Nedimyer AK, Boltz AJ, Robison HJ, Collins CL, Morris SN. Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Ice Hockey: 2014-2015 Through 2018-2019. J Athl Train 2021; 56:695-702. [PMID: 34280277 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-546-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has sponsored women's ice hockey championships since 2001, and sponsorship has grown over time. BACKGROUND Routine examinations of injuries sustained by athletes are important for identifying and understanding patterns that can be used to inform sport safety practices. METHODS Exposure and injury data collected in the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program from 2014-2015 through 2018-2019 were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates. RESULTS The overall injury rate was 5.89 per 1000 athlete-exposures; preseason injury incidence rose sharply during 2016-2017 through 2018-2019. Head/face injuries (15.2%), knee injuries (13.2%), and shoulder injuries (12.9%) were the most commonly injured body parts, and injuries were most often classified as contusions (18.9%), strains (18.7%), and sprains (15.5%). Concussion (11.9%) was the most commonly reported specific injury, and concussion rates notably increased during 2017-2018 through 2018-2019. SUMMARY Study findings were generally consistent with the existing epidemiological evidence. Injury incidence in preseason and the etiology of strains warrant further attention in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Chandran
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Aliza K Nedimyer
- Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Curriculum in Human Movement Science, Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Adrian J Boltz
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Hannah J Robison
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Christy L Collins
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sarah N Morris
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
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Chandran A, Morris SN, Lempke LB, Boltz AJ, Robison HJ, Collins CL. Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Volleyball: 2014-2015 Through 2018-2019. J Athl Train 2021; 56:666-673. [PMID: 34280268 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-679-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Women's volleyball is a globally popular sport with widespread participation at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) level. BACKGROUND Routine examinations of NCAA women's volleyball injuries are important for recognizing emerging injury-related patterns in this population. METHODS Exposure and injury data collected in the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program during the 2014-2015 through 2018-2019 athletic years were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differences in injury rates. RESULTS The overall injury rate was 6.73 per 1000 athlete-exposures. Knee (14.6%) and ankle (13.8%) injuries accounted for the largest proportion of all reported injuries, and most injuries were attributed to overuse (26.1%) or noncontact (22.7%) mechanisms. Lateral ankle ligament complex tears (11.1%) and concussions (7.3%) were the most commonly reported specific injury. SUMMARY Results indicate an increasing burden of practice-related injuries and the need to further examine overuse injuries. Lower-extremity injury prevention strategies and mechanisms of concussion also warrant further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Chandran
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sarah N Morris
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Landon B Lempke
- Concussion Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens
| | - Adrian J Boltz
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Hannah J Robison
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Christy L Collins
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
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Bretzin AC, D'Alonzo BA, Chandran A, Boltz AJ, Robison HJ, Collins CL, Morris SN. Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Lacrosse: 2014-2015 Through 2018-2019. J Athl Train 2021; 56:750-757. [PMID: 34280267 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-613-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lacrosse is an increasingly popular sport; the number of teams participating in collegiate women's lacrosse has increased by 21.4% in the past 5 years. BACKGROUND The growth of National Collegiate Athletic Association women's lacrosse, coupled with the ongoing discussions surrounding protective equipment, necessitates further epidemiologic studies in this population. METHODS Exposure and injury data collected in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program during 2014-2015 through 2018-2019 were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios with 95% CIs were used to examine differential injury rates. RESULTS The overall injury rate was 4.99 per 1000 athlete exposures. Less than 30% of injuries were time-loss injuries; injuries were most commonly attributed to noncontact (26.6%) and overuse (25.2%) mechanisms. The most commonly reported specific injuries were lateral ligament complex tears (ankle sprains; 9.1%), concussions (7.2%), and hamstring tears (3.8%). SUMMARY Findings from this study were consistent with the existing epidemiologic evidence in previous studies. Injury incidence in practices, in preseason, and as a result of player contact warrant further attention in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C Bretzin
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Penn Injury Science Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Bernadette A D'Alonzo
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Penn Injury Science Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Avinash Chandran
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Adrian J Boltz
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Hannah J Robison
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Christy L Collins
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sarah N Morris
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
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Hagiwara G, Tsunokawa T, Iwatsuki T, Shimozono H, Kawazura T. Relationships among Student-Athletes' Identity, Mental Health, and Social Support in Japanese Student-Athletes during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:7032. [PMID: 34209463 PMCID: PMC8297159 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the two studies was to investigate the relationships among student athletes' identity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between perceived social support from teammates and mental health in student-athletes. Two studies were conducted to investigate and clarify the mental health states of student-athletes in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Study 1, conducted in April 2020, the participants were 402 male student-athletes and we examined the relationships among student-athletes' identity and mental health. The results of correlational analyses indicated significant negative correlations between the degree of student-athletes' identity and depression and sports helplessness. In Study 2, conducted in March 2021, the participants were 135 male student-athletes and examined the relationship between perceived social support from teammates, student-athletes' identity, and mental health. The results indicated a significant correlation between social support, student athletes' identity, and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goichi Hagiwara
- Department of Human Science, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1 Matsukadai, Higasgi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 813-8503, Japan
- Department of Human & Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsunokawa
- Department of Health and Sport Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan;
| | - Takehiro Iwatsuki
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, Altoona College, 3000 Ivyside Park, Altoona, PA 16601, USA;
| | - Hironobu Shimozono
- Department of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawazura
- Department of Sports Science, Kyushu Kyoritsu University, 1-8, Jiyugaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka 807-8585, Japan;
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Ishida A, Rochau K, Findlay KP, Devero B, Duca M, Stone MH. Effects of an Initial Muscle Strength Level on Sports Performance Changes in Collegiate Soccer Players. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:E127. [PMID: 32942648 DOI: 10.3390/sports8090127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to investigate effects of partial block periodized strength training on physical performance and to examine relationships between initial muscle strength measured with isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) and performance changes after 7 weeks of strength training. Seventeen collegiate male soccer players participated. Initial muscle strength was determined using IMTP while physical performance included 10 m and 20 m sprints and static vertical jump with a polyvinyl chloride pipe (SJ0), 20 kg barbell (SJ20), and barbell loaded to 40 kg bar (SJ40). Performance testing was performed at three points: before first week (baseline), fourth week (T1), and seventh week (T2). Statistically small to moderate changes were found from baseline to T2 in peak power (PP; p < 0.001, ES = 0.49), net impulse (NI; p < 0.001, ES = 0.49), peak velocity (PV; p < 0.001, ES = 0.62), allometrically scaled PP (PPa; p < 0.001, ES = 0.62) in SJ20 and jump height (JH) in SJ40 (p < 0.001, ES = 0.36). Moderate to large correlations were found between isometric peak force and the changes from baseline to T2 in SJ20 PP (p = 0.04, r = -0.49), SJ20 PF (p = 0.03, r = -0.52), PPa (p = 0.04, r = -0.50), and SJ20 allometrically scaled peak force (p = 0.04, r = -0.49). Properly structured strength training maximizes task-specific physical performance. Initial muscle strength negatively affects the magnitudes of adaptations to physical performance.
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Abstract
CONTEXT Considering recent high-profile reports of malpractice and negligence by National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletic trainers (ATs), it is prudent to investigate the psychological mechanisms that may influence ATs' ability to justify unethical behaviors. When treating injured student-athletes, ATs may undergo a cognitive process known as moral disengagement, which involves convincing oneself that ethical standards do not apply in a particular context. OBJECTIVE To explore the psychological factors and traits among ATs that may predict moral disengagement pertaining to allowing athletes to play through injuries. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Online survey. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 187 Division I, II, and III ATs from 100 NCAA universities. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) In addition to the primary outcome variable of moral disengagement, the survey captured the AT's demographic background, sport and athletic training histories, and measures of sport ethic, contesting orientations, commitment, and social identity. RESULTS Cluster analysis was used to identify homogeneous subgroups of participants based on these variables. A 2-cluster solution emerged, with cluster 1 (n = 94) scoring higher in the sport-ethic and sport-contesting orientations but lower in commitment and social identity compared with cluster 2 (n = 93). An independent-samples t test revealed that moral disengagement was highest (t185 = 19.59, P < .001, d = 0.69) among ATs in cluster 1. CONCLUSIONS These findings advance our understanding of the psychological processes that may predict moral disengagement of ATs in allowing student-athletes to play through injury. Although additional research is needed to test whether moral disengagement influences return-to-play decisions, we provide initial evidence that ATs who conform to sport norms (eg, "no pain, no gain") and who tend to view sport competition with a "war-like" orientation are more likely to morally disengage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Budziszewski
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan
| | | | - Matthew Vierimaa
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan
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Hassebrock JD, Patel KA, Makovicka JL, Chung AS, Tummala SV, Peña AJ, Williams KE, Hartigan DE, Chhabra A. Lumbar Spine Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes: A 6-Season Epidemiological Study. Orthop J Sports Med 2019; 7:2325967118820046. [PMID: 30719476 PMCID: PMC6348522 DOI: 10.1177/2325967118820046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lumbar spine injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes have not been well studied. Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of lumbar spine injuries in NCAA athletes during the 2009/2010 through 2014/2015 academic years utilizing the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (ISP). Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: A voluntary convenience sample of NCAA varsity teams from 25 sports was examined. Mechanism of injury, injury recurrence, and time lost from sport were recorded. Injury rates were calculated as the number of injuries divided by the total number of athlete-exposures (AEs). AEs were defined as any student participation in 1 NCAA-sanctioned practice or competition. Injury rate ratios and injury proportion ratios were calculated to compare the rates within and between sports by event type, season, patient sex, mechanism, injury recurrence, and time lost from sport. Comparisons between sexes were made utilizing data that had both male and female samples. Results: An estimated 37,435 lumbar spine injuries were identified. The overall rate of injuries was 6.01 per 1000 AEs. The rate of injuries was 4.94 per 1000 AEs in men compared with 3.94 per 1000 AEs in women for sex-comparable sports. Men were 1.25 times more likely than women to suffer a lumbar spine injury. Men’s football (24.62 injuries/1000 AEs) and women’s gymnastics (11.46 injuries/1000 AEs) had the highest rates of lumbar spine injuries. Athletes were 1.83 and 3.71 times more likely to sustain a lumbar spine injury during the preseason than the regular season or postseason, respectively. Noncontact was the most common mechanism of injury (38%). Injury recurrence was most common in men’s outdoor track (58%). Most injuries resulted in less than 24 hours of time loss from event participation (61%). Conclusion: The rate of lumbar spine injuries was high in NCAA athletes, and injuries commonly recurred (20%). In general, men were more likely to sustain a lumbar spine injury compared with women. Higher injury rates occurred during competition and via a noncontact mechanism of injury. In addition to prevention programs, reconditioning programs should be considered to prevent these injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karan A Patel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Andrew S Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Sailesh V Tummala
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Austin J Peña
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | | | - David E Hartigan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Anikar Chhabra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
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Eckard TG, Padua DA, Dompier TP, Dalton SL, Thorborg K, Kerr ZY. Epidemiology of Hip Flexor and Hip Adductor Strains in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes, 2009/2010-2014/2015. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:2713-2722. [PMID: 28745561 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517716179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little research has examined the rates and patterns of hip flexor or hip adductor strains in student-athletes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). PURPOSE To describe the epidemiology of hip flexor and adductor strains in NCAA athletes during the 2009/2010-2014/2015 academic years. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS Rates and patterns of hip flexor and adductor strains in collegiate sports were examined in a convenience sample of NCAA varsity teams from 25 sports. Rates and distributions of strains by mechanism, recurrence, and participation restriction time were examined. Injury rate ratios (IRRs) and proportion ratios were calculated to compare rates within and between sports by event type, sex, mechanism, recurrence, and participation restriction time. RESULTS A total of 770 hip flexor and 621 hip adductor strains were reported, resulting in overall injury rates of 1.60 and 1.29 per 10,000 athlete-exposures (AEs), respectively. In men, the rate of hip flexor strains was 1.81 per 10,000 AEs, and that for hip adductor strains was 1.71 per 10,000 AEs. In women, the rate of hip flexor strains was 1.59 per 10,000 AEs, and the rate of hip adductor strains was 1.15 per 10,000 AEs. The highest rates of strains were found in men's soccer and men's ice hockey (range, 2.47-3.77 per 10,000 AEs). Most hip flexor and hip adductor strains occurred in practice, but both had higher rates in competition. In sex-comparable sports, hip flexor strain rates did not differ between the sexes (IRR = 1.14; 95% CI, 0.96-1.36), but the rate of hip adductor strains was higher in men than women (IRR = 1.49; 95% CI, 1.22-1.81). Noncontact was the most common mechanism for both types of strains (hip flexor strains, 59.4%; hip adductor strains, 62.5%); 10.1% of hip flexor strains and 11.1% of hip adductor strains were recurrent. The highest rates of recurrence of both types of strain were found in men's and women's ice hockey (range, 16.0%-30.6%). Most hip flexor and hip adductor strains resulted in <1 week of participation restriction (hip flexor strains, 83.8%; hip adductor strains, 82.9%). CONCLUSION The NCAA sports with the highest rates of hip flexor and hip adductor strains were men's soccer and men's ice hockey. In sex-comparable sports, men had a higher rate of hip adductor, but not hip flexor, strains. Recurrence rates were remarkably high in ice hockey. Male sports teams, especially soccer and ice hockey, should place an emphasis on prevention programs for hip adductor strains. Secondary prevention programs involving thorough rehabilitation and strict return-to-play criteria should be developed and implemented to curb the high recurrence rate of these injuries, particularly in ice hockey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Eckard
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Darin A Padua
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas P Dompier
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sara L Dalton
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kristian Thorborg
- Sports Orthopaedic Research Centre-Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager-Hvidovre, Denmark.,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research-Copenhagen, Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinical Research Center, Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zachary Y Kerr
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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12
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Eckard TG, Kerr ZY, Padua DA, Djoko A, Dompier TP. Epidemiology of Quadriceps Strains in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes, 2009-2010 Through 2014-2015. J Athl Train 2017; 52:474-481. [PMID: 28383282 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-52.2.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Few researchers have examined the rates and patterns of quadriceps strains in student-athletes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of quadriceps strains in 25 NCAA sports during the 2009-2010 through 2014-2015 academic years. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING Convenience sample of NCAA programs from 25 sports during the 2009-2010 through 2014-2015 academic years. Patients or Other Particpants: Collegiate student-athletes participating in men's and women's NCAA athletics during the 2009-2010 through 2014-2015 academic years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Aggregate quadriceps strain injury and exposure data from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program during the 2009-2010 through 2014-2015 academic years were analyzed. Quadriceps strain injury rates and injury rate ratios (IRRs) were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Overall, 517 quadriceps strains were reported, resulting in an injury rate of 1.07/10 000 athlete-exposures (AEs). The sports with the highest overall quadriceps strain rates were women's soccer (5.61/10 000 AEs), men's soccer (2.52/10 000 AEs), women's indoor track (2.24/10 000 AEs), and women's softball (2.15/10 000 AEs). Across sex-comparable sports, women had a higher rate of quadriceps strains than men overall (1.97 versus 0.65/10 000 AEs; IRR = 3.03; 95% CI = 2.45, 3.76). The majority of quadriceps strains were sustained during practice (77.8%). However, the quadriceps strain rate was higher during competition than during practice (1.29 versus 1.02/10 000 AEs; IRR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.56). Most quadriceps strains occurred in the preseason (57.8%), and rates were higher during the preseason compared with the regular season (2.29 versus 0.63/10 000 AEs; IRR = 3.60; 95% CI = 3.02, 4.30). Common injury mechanisms were noncontact (63.2%) and overuse (21.9%). Most quadriceps strains restricted participation by less than 1 week (79.3%). CONCLUSIONS Across 25 sports, higher quadriceps strain rates were found in women versus men, in competitions versus practices, and in the preseason versus the regular season. Most quadriceps strains were minor in severity, although further surveillance is needed to better examine the risk factors associated with incidence and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Eckard
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Zachary Y Kerr
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Darin A Padua
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Aristarque Djoko
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Thomas P Dompier
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
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Kerr ZY, Roos KG, Djoko A, Dalton SL, Broglio SP, Marshall SW, Dompier TP. Epidemiologic Measures for Quantifying the Incidence of Concussion in National Collegiate Athletic Association Sports. J Athl Train 2016; 52:167-174. [PMID: 27331336 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-51.6.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Injury rates compare the relative frequency of sport-related concussions across groups. However, they may not be intuitive to policy makers, parents, or coaches in understanding the likelihood of concussion. OBJECTIVE To describe 4 measures of incidence (athlete-based rate, athlete-based risk, team-based rate, and team-based risk) during the 2011-2012 through 2014-2015 academic years. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING Aggregate injury and exposure data collected from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program in 13 sports (men's baseball, basketball, football, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, and wrestling and women's basketball, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, softball, and volleyball). PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Collegiate student-athletes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Sport-related concussion data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program during the 2011-2012 through 2014-2015 academic years were analyzed. We calculated concussion rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), concussion risk, average number of concussions per team, and percentage of teams with at least 1 concussion. RESULTS During the 2011-2012 through 2014-2015 academic years, 1485 concussions were sustained by 1410 student-athletes across 13 sports. Concussion rates ranged from 0.09/1000 AEs in men's baseball to 0.89/1000 AEs in men's wrestling. Concussion risk ranged from 0.74% in men's baseball to 7.92% in men's wrestling. The average ± SD number of concussions per team ranged from 0.25 ± 0.43 in men's baseball to 5.63 ± 5.36 in men's football. The percentage of teams with a concussion ranged from 24.5% in men's baseball to 80.6% in men's football. CONCLUSIONS Although men's wrestling had a higher concussion rate and risk, men's football had the largest average number of concussions per team and the largest percentage of teams with at least 1 concussion. The risk of concussion, average number of concussions per team, and percentage of teams with concussions may be more intuitive measures of incidence for decision makers. Calculating these additional measures is feasible within existing injury surveillance programs, and this method can be applied to other injury types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Y Kerr
- The Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Karen G Roos
- The Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Aristarque Djoko
- The Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sara L Dalton
- The Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | | | - Thomas P Dompier
- The Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
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Kerr ZY, Kroshus E, Grant J, Parsons JT, Folger D, Hayden R, Dompier TP. Epidemiology of National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's and Women's Cross-Country Injuries, 2009-2010 Through 2013-2014. J Athl Train 2015; 51:57-64. [PMID: 26701643 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-51.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent injury-surveillance data for collegiate-level cross-country athletes are limited. OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) men's and women's cross-country injuries during the 2009-2010 through 2013-2014 academic years. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING Aggregate injury and exposure data collected from 25 men's and 22 women's cross-country programs, providing 47 and 43 seasons of data, respectively. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Collegiate student-athletes participating in men's and women's cross-country during the 2009-2010 through 2013-2014 academic years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Injury rates; injury rate ratios (RRs); injury proportions by body site, diagnosis, and apparatus; and injury proportion ratios were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The Injury Surveillance Program captured 216 injuries from men's cross-country and 260 injuries from women's cross-country, leading to injury rates of 4.66/1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) for men (95% CI = 4.04, 5.28) and 5.85/1000 AEs for women (95% CI = 5.14, 6.56). The injury rate in women's cross-country was 1.25 times that of men's cross-country (95% CI = 1.05, 1.50). Most injuries affected the lower extremity (men = 90.3%, women = 81.9%). The hip/groin-injury rate in women (0.65/1000 AEs) was higher than that in men (0.15/1000 AEs; RR = 4.32; 95% CI = 1.89, 9.85). The ankle-injury rate in men (0.60/1000 AEs) was higher than that in women (0.29/1000 AEs; RR = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.07, 3.99). Common diagnoses were strains (men = 19.9%, women = 20.4%) and inflammation (men = 18.1%, women = 23.8%). The majority of injuries were classified as overuse (men = 57.6%, women = 53.3%). CONCLUSIONS Consistent with prior research, injury distributions varied between male and female athletes, and the injury rate among females was higher. Understanding the epidemiology of these cross-country injuries may be important for developing appropriate preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Y Kerr
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Emily Kroshus
- Sports Science Institute, National Collegiate Athletic Association, Indianapolis, IN;,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jon Grant
- St Vincent Sports Performance, Indianapolis, IN
| | - John T Parsons
- Sports Science Institute, National Collegiate Athletic Association, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Dustin Folger
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ross Hayden
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Thomas P Dompier
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
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