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Horst B, van Duijnen N, Janssen E, Hansen T, Ruijter E. Modular Divergent Synthesis of Indole Alkaloid Derivatives by an Atypical Ugi Multicomponent Reaction. Chemistry 2024:e202400477. [PMID: 38498145 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
We present an Ugi multicomponent approach to explore the chemical space around Aspidosperma-type monoterpene indole alkaloids. By variation of the isocyanide and carboxylic acid inputs we demonstrate the rapid generation of molecular diversity and the possibility to introduce handles for further modification. The key Ugi three-component reaction showed full diastereoselectivity towards the cis-fused ring system, which can be rationalized by DFT calculations that moreover indicate that the reaction proceeds via a Passerini-type hydrogen bonding mechanism. Several post-Ugi modifications were also performed, including Pictet-Spengler cyclization to highly complex nonacyclic natural product hybrid scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Horst
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niels van Duijnen
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elwin Janssen
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Russo C, Donati G, Giustiniano F, Amato J, Marinelli L, Whitby RJ, Giustiniano M. Isocyanides as Catalytic Electron Acceptors in the Visible Light Promoted Oxidative Formation of Benzyl and Acyl Radicals. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301852. [PMID: 37505481 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The recent disclosure of the ability of aromatic isocyanides to harvest visible light and act as single electron acceptors when reacting with tertiary aromatic amines has triggered a renewed interest in their application to the development of green photoredox catalytic methodologies. Accordingly, the present work explores their ability to promote the generation of both alkyl and acyl radicals starting from radical precursors such as Hantzsch esters, potassium alkyltrifluoroborates, and α-oxoacids. Mechanistic studies involving UV-visible absorption and fluorescence experiments, electrochemical measurements of the ground-state redox potentials along with computational calculations of both the ground- and the excited-state redox potentials of a set of nine different aromatic isocyanides provide key insights to promote a rationale design of a new generation of isocyanide-based organic photoredox catalysts. Importantly, the green potential of the investigated chemistry is demonstrated by a direct and easy access to deuterium labeled compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Greta Donati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Giustiniano
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, SO171BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Jussara Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Richard John Whitby
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, SO171BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Mariateresa Giustiniano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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3
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Smirnov AS, Katlenok EA, Mikherdov AS, Kryukova MA, Bokach NA, Kukushkin VY. Halogen Bonding Involving Isomeric Isocyanide/Nitrile Groups. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13324. [PMID: 37686131 PMCID: PMC10487382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl-1,4-diisocyanobenzene (1), 1,4-diisocyanobenzene (2), and 1,4-dicyanobenzene (3) were co-crystallized with 1,3,5-triiodotrifluorobenzene (1,3,5-FIB) to give three cocrystals, 1·1,3,5-FIB, 2·2(1,3,5-FIB), and 3·2(1,3,5-FIB), which were studied by X-ray diffraction. A common feature of the three structures is the presence of I···Cisocyanide or I···Nnitrile halogen bonds (HaBs), which occurs between an iodine σ-hole and the isocyanide C-(or the nitrile N-) atom. The diisocyanide and dinitrile cocrystals 2·2(1,3,5-FIB) and 3·2(1,3,5-FIB) are isostructural, thus providing a basis for accurate comparison of the two types of noncovalent linkages of C≡N/N≡C groups in the composition of structurally similar entities and in one crystal environment. The bonding situation was studied by a set of theoretical methods. Diisocyanides are more nucleophilic than the dinitrile and they exhibit stronger binding to 1,3,5-FIB. In all structures, the HaBs are mostly determined by the electrostatic interactions, but the dispersion and induction components also provide a noticeable contribution and make the HaBs attractive. Charge transfer has a small contribution (<5%) to the HaB and it is higher for the diisocyanide than for the dinitrile systems. At the same time, diisocyanide and dinitrile structures exhibit typical electron-donor and π-acceptor properties in relation to the HaB donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S. Smirnov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.S.); (E.A.K.); (A.S.M.); (M.A.K.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Eugene A. Katlenok
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.S.); (E.A.K.); (A.S.M.); (M.A.K.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Alexander S. Mikherdov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.S.); (E.A.K.); (A.S.M.); (M.A.K.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Mariya A. Kryukova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.S.); (E.A.K.); (A.S.M.); (M.A.K.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Nadezhda A. Bokach
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.S.); (E.A.K.); (A.S.M.); (M.A.K.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.S.); (E.A.K.); (A.S.M.); (M.A.K.); (N.A.B.)
- Laboratory of Crystal Engineering of Functional Materials, South Ural State University, 76, Lenin Av., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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Russo C, Brunelli F, Cesare Tron G, Giustiniano M. Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reactions Promoted by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203150. [PMID: 36458647 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions claim a one century-old history of flourishing developments. On the other hand, the enormous impact of recent progresses in visible light photocatalysis has boosted the identification of new straightforward and green approaches to both new and known chemical entities. In this context, the application of visible light photocatalytic conditions to multicomponent processes has been promoting key stimulating advancements. Spanning from radical-polar crossover pathways, to photoinduced and self-catalyzed transformations, to reactions involving the generation of imidoyl radical species, the present literature analysis would provide a general and critical overview about the potentialities and challenges of exploiting isocyanides in visible light photocatalytic multicomponent reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Brunelli
- Department of Drug Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Department of Drug Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Giustiniano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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Smirnov AS, Mikherdov AS, Rozhkov AV, Gomila RM, Frontera A, Kukushkin VY, Bokach NA. Halogen Bond-Involving Supramolecular Assembly Utilizing Carbon as a Nucleophilic Partner of I⋅⋅⋅C Non-covalent Interaction. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300037. [PMID: 36807544 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Co-crystallization of 180°-orienting σ-hole-accepting tectons, namely, 1,4-diisocyanobenzene (1) and 1,4-diisocyanotetramethylbenzene (2), with such homoditopic halogen bond donors as 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (1,4-FIB) and 4,4'-diiodoperfluorobiphenyl (4,4'-FIBP) afforded co-crystals 1 ⋅ 1,4-FIB, 1 ⋅ 4,4'-FIBP, and 2 ⋅ 1,4-FIB. Their solid-state structures exhibit 1D-supramolecular arrangements, which are based on poorly explored I⋅⋅⋅C halogen bonding; this study is the first in which the supramolecular assembly utilizing halogen bonding with a terminal C atom was performed. The use of the potentially tetrafunctional σ-hole accepting tetraiodoethylene (TIE) leads to supramolecular architecture of a higher dimension, 3D-framework, observed in the structure of 1 ⋅ TIE. DFT calculations, used to characterize the halogen bonding situation, revealed that the I⋅⋅⋅C non-covalent interactions are moderately strong, ranging from -4.07 in 1 ⋅ TIE to -5.45 kcal/mol in 2 ⋅ 1,4-FIB. The NBO analysis disclosed that LP(C)→σ* charge transfer effects are relevant in all co-crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S Smirnov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Mikherdov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Anton V Rozhkov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Rosa M Gomila
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Crystal Engineering of Functional Materials, South Ural State University, 76, Lenin Av., Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda A Bokach
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Yamamoto Y, Ogawa A. Photoinduced Synthesis of Bisphosphinated Quinoxalines via Radical Cyclization of o-Diisocyanoarenes with Diphosphines. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201269. [PMID: 36710263 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The cycloaddition reaction of o-diisocyanoarenes with interelement compounds under light is a very important reaction system to clarify whether this reaction proceeds by radical cyclization or by aza-Bergman cyclization. In this study, a series of diphosphines with phosphorus-phosphorus single bonds were selected as interelement compounds, and their cycloaddition reactions with o-diisocyanoarenes under light were investigated in detail to achieve a novel photoinduced synthesis of bisphosphinated quinoxalines via the radical cyclization pathway. In addition, the photoinduced reaction of diphosphines with isocyanides having o-functional groups such as cyano and ethenyl groups allowed us to elucidate the reaction pathway and product selectivity of this bisphosphination. Furthermore, the one-pot synthesis of PdII -quinoxaline complex was successfully achieved by applying the developed reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Akiya Ogawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
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7
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Gu Q, Cheng Z, Qiu X, Zeng X. Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Functionalization of Isocyanides. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200177. [PMID: 36126178 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Isocyanides are well-known as efficient CO surrogates and C1 synthons in modern organic synthesis. Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to fully exploiting the reactivity of isocyanides, these transformations are primarily limited by their utilization of stoichiometric toxic chemical oxidants. With the recent resurgence of organic electrochemistry, which has considerably laid dormant over the past several decades, electrolysis has been identified as a green and powerful tool to enrich structural diversity by solely utilizing electric current as clean and inherently safe redox equivalents of stoichiometric chemical oxidants. In this regard, the unique reactivity of isocyanides has been studied in numerous electrochemical transformations. This review comprehensively highlights the most relevant progress in electrochemical strategies towards the functionalization of isocyanides up until June of 2022, with a focus on reaction outcomes and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Zhenfeng Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Xiaobao Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
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8
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Lin H, Tang S, Pan Y, Liang P, Ma X, Jiao W, Shao H. A Novel Method to Construct 2-Aminobenzofurans via [4 + 1] Cycloaddition Reaction of In Situ Generated Ortho-Quinone Methides with Isocyanides. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36500630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
A new approach for the synthesis of 2-aminobenzofurans has been described via Sc(OTf)3 mediated formal cycloaddition of isocyanides with the in situ generated ortho-quinone methides (o-QMs) from o-hydroxybenzhydryl alcohol. Notably, as a class of readily available and highly active intermediates, o-QMs were first used in the construction of benzofurans. This [4 + 1] cycloaddition reaction provides a straightforward and efficient methodology for the construction of 2-aminobenzofurans scaffold in good yield (up to 93% yield) under mild conditions.
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Claude G, Zeh L, Roca Jungfer M, Hagenbach A, Figueroa JS, Abram U. The Chemistry of Phenylimidotechnetium(V) Complexes with Isocyanides: Steric and Electronic Factors. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238546. [PMID: 36500639 PMCID: PMC9736260 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic approaches are of ongoing interest for the development of novel functional 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals, while the basic organotechnetium chemistry seems frequently to be little explored. Thus, structural and reactivity studies with the long-lived isotope 99Tc are of permanent interest as the foundation for further progress in the related radiopharmaceutical research with this artificial element. Particularly the knowledge about the organometallic chemistry of high-valent technetium compounds is scarcely developed. Here, phenylimido complexes of technetium(V) with different isocyanides are introduced. They have been synthesized by ligand-exchange procedures starting from [Tc(NPh)Cl3(PPh3)2]. Different reactivity patterns and products have been obtained depending on the steric and electronic properties of the individual ligands. This involves the formation of 1:1 and 1:2 exchange products of Tc(V) with the general formulae [Tc(NPh)Cl3(PPh3)(isocyanide)], cis- or trans-[Tc(NPh)Cl3(isocyanide)2], but also the reduction in the metal and the formation of cationic technetium(I) complex of the formula [Tc(isocyanide)6]+ when p-fluorophenyl isocyanide is used. The products have been studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic methods, including IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. DFT calculations on the different isocyanides allow the prediction of their reactivity towards electron-rich and electron-deficient metal centers by means of the empirical SADAP parameter, which has been derived from the potential energy surface of the electron density on their potentially coordinating carbon atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem Claude
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Zeh
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Roca Jungfer
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adelheid Hagenbach
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joshua S. Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence: (J.S.F.); (U.A.)
| | - Ulrich Abram
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.S.F.); (U.A.)
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Yu N, Lv JF, He SM, Cui Y, Wei Y, Jiang K. Urea Synthesis from Isocyanides and O-Benzoyl Hydroxylamines Catalyzed by a Copper Salt. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36500315 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the presence of CuOAc, a series of unsymmetric ureas can be generated in moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions (10 mol% of CuOAc, 2 equiv t-BuONa or PhONa, 30 °C), using aryl isocyanides and O-benzoyl hydroxylamines as the readily accessible starting materials. The reactions might undergo a cascade process involving isocyanide insertion into the N-O bond and Mumm-type rearrangement. This work represents a rare example of isocyanide insertion into N-O bonds, which would extend isocyanide insertion chemistry.
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Mendes LL, Varejão JOS, de Souza JA, Carneiro JWDM, Valdo AKSM, Martins FT, Ferreira BW, Barreto RW, da Silva TI, Kohlhoff M, Pilau EJ, V Varejão EV. 2,5-Diketopiperazines via Intramolecular N-Alkylation of Ugi Adducts: A Contribution to the Synthesis, Density Functional Theory Study, X-ray Characterization, and Potential Herbicide Application. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:1799-1809. [PMID: 35130436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the herbicidal potential of 2,5-diketopiperazines (2,5-DKPs), we applied a known protocol to produce a series of 2,5-DKPs through intramolecular N-alkylation of Ugi adducts. However, the method was not successful for the cyclization of adducts presenting aromatic rings with some substituents at the ortho position. Results from DFT calculations showed that the presence of voluminous groups at the ortho position of a benzene ring results in destabilization of the transition structure. Lower activation enthalpies for the SN2-type cyclization of Ugi adducts were obtained when bromine, instead of a chlorine anion, is the leaving group, indicating that the activation enthalpy for the cyclization step controls the formation of the 2,5-DKP. Some Ugi adducts and 2,5-DKPs formed crystals with suitable qualities for single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collection. Phytotoxic damage of some 2,5-DKPs on leaves of the weed Euphorbia heterophylla did not differ from those caused by the commercial herbicide diquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena L Mendes
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av PH Rolfs sn, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36.570-900, Brazil
| | - Jodieh O S Varejão
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av PH Rolfs sn, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36.570-900, Brazil
| | - José Antônio de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, Piauí 64049-550, Brazil
| | - José Walkimar de M Carneiro
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista s/n, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Ana K S M Valdo
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av Esperança, sn, Samambaia, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe T Martins
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av Esperança, sn, Samambaia, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno W Ferreira
- Department of Phytopathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av PH Rolfs sn, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Robert W Barreto
- Department of Phytopathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av PH Rolfs sn, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Toshik I da Silva
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av PH Rolfs sn, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Markus Kohlhoff
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais Bioativos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30190-009, Brazil
| | - Eduardo J Pilau
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo V V Varejão
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av PH Rolfs sn, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36.570-900, Brazil
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazole-containing compounds are widely found in natural products as well as synthetic sources. Many thiazole-based compounds possess a broad spectrum of bioactivities and some of them are well-known drugs in the markets. The use of thiazole derivatives in other fields such as organic materials, cosmetics and organic synthesis has also widely reported. Due to a wide range of applicability, the synthesis of thiazole-containing compounds has attracted extensive interests of chemist and many studies in the synthesis of thiazole skeleton have been reported recently. OBJECTIVE This review article will discuss recent studies in the synthesis of thiazoles (from 2012). Beside the well-established Hantzsch thiazole synthesis, a large number of novel methods have been developed for the synthesis of thiazole derivatives. In most cases, reaction mechanisms have also been described. CONCLUSION The synthesis of thiazole derivatives has drawn great attention of chemists and many studies in the synthesis of these heterocycles have been reported recently. The classical method, the Hantzsch thiazole synthesis have still received great research interest of chemists. Moreover, many new methods have been established to synthesize thiazole-derived compounds. Unquestionably, more and more approaches to access thiazole skeleton will appear in the literature. Application of established methods for thiazole synthesis to the synthesis of drugs, organic materials, and natural products will probably paid attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dau Xuan Duc
- Department of Chemistry, Vinh University, Vinh City, Nghe An Province, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Vinh University, Vinh City, Nghe An Province, Vietnam
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13
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Li SW, Zhang RX, Kang LX, Li DY, Xie YL, Wang CX, Liu PN. Steering Metal-Organic Network Structures through Conformations and Configurations on Surfaces. ACS Nano 2021; 15:18014-18022. [PMID: 34677047 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular adsorption conformations and arrangement configurations on surfaces are important structural aspects of surface stereochemistry, but their roles in steering the structures of metal-organic networks (MONs) remain vague and unexplored. In this study, we constructed MONs by the coordination self-assembly of isocyanides on Cu(111) and Ag(111) surfaces and demonstrated that the MON structures can be steered by surface stereochemistry, including the adsorption conformations of the isocyanide molecules and the arrangement configurations of the coordination nodes and subunits. The coordination self-assembly of 1,4-phenylene diisocyanobenzene afforded a honeycomb MON consisting of 3-fold (isocyano)3-Cu motifs on a Cu(111) surface. In contrast, geometrically different chevron-shaped 1,3-phenylene diisocyanobenzene (m-DICB) failed to generate a MON, which is ascribable to its standing conformation on the Cu(111) surface. However, m-DICB was adsorbed in a flat conformation on a Ag(111) surface, which has a larger lattice constant than a Cu(111) surface, and smoothly underwent coordination self-assembly to form a MON consisting of (isocyano)3-Ag motifs. Interestingly, only C3-Ag nodes with heterotactic configurations could grow into larger subunits; those subunits with heterotactic configurations further grew into Sierpiński triangle fractals (up to fourth order), while subunits with homotactic configurations afforded a triangular MON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ruo-Xi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Li-Xia Kang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Deng-Yuan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yu-Li Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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14
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Cannalire R, Santoro F, Russo C, Graziani G, Tron GC, Carotenuto A, Brancaccio D, Giustiniano M. Photomicellar Catalyzed Synthesis of Amides from Isocyanides: Optimization, Scope, and NMR Studies of Photocatalyst/Surfactant Interactions. ACS Org Inorg Au 2021; 2:66-74. [PMID: 36855402 PMCID: PMC9954382 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The merging of micellar and photoredox catalysis represents a key issue to promote "in water" photochemical transformations. A photomicellar catalyzed synthesis of amides from N-methyl-N-alkyl aromatic amines and both aliphatic and aromatic isocyanides is herein presented. The mild reaction conditions enabled a wide substrate scope and a good functional groups tolerance, as further shown in the late-stage functionalization of complex bioactive scaffolds. Furthermore, solution 1D and 2D NMR experiments performed, for the first time, in the presence of paramagnetic probes enabled the study of the reaction environment at the atomic level along with the localization of the photocatalyst with respect to the micelles, thus providing experimental data to drive the identification of optimum photocatalyst/surfactant pairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Cannalire
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico
II, via D. Montesano
49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Federica Santoro
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico
II, via D. Montesano
49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Camilla Russo
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico
II, via D. Montesano
49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico
II, via D. Montesano
49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Department
of Drug Science, University of Piemonte
Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico
II, via D. Montesano
49, 80131 Napoli, Italy,
| | - Diego Brancaccio
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico
II, via D. Montesano
49, 80131 Napoli, Italy,
| | - Mariateresa Giustiniano
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico
II, via D. Montesano
49, 80131 Napoli, Italy,
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15
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Tarlton ML, Yu X, Ward RJ, Kelley SP, Autschbach J, Walensky JR. Backbonding in Thorium(IV) and Uranium(IV) Diarsenido Complexes with tBuNC and CO. Chemistry 2021; 27:14396-14400. [PMID: 34404114 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The coordination of tBuNC and CO with the diarsenido complexes (C5 Me5 )2 An(η2 -As2 Mes2 ), An=Th, U, has been investigated. For the first time, a comparison between isostructural complexes of ThIV and UIV has been possible with CO; density functional calculations indicated an appreciable amount of π backbonding that originates from charge transfer from an actinide-arsenic sigma bond. The calculated CO stretching frequencies in the ThIV and UIV diarsenido complexes are consistent with the experimental measurements, both show large shifts to lower frequency. We demonstrate that the π backbonding is crucial to explaining the red shifts of CO frequency upon AnIV complex formation. Interestingly, this interaction essentially correlates to the parallel orientation of π*(C-O) orbitals relative to the An-As bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Tarlton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | - Robert J Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Steven P Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | - Justin R Walensky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
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16
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Mohlala RL, Coyanis EM, Fish MQ, Fernandes MA, Bode ML. Synthesis of 6-Membered-Ring Fused Thiazine-Dicarboxylates and Thiazole-Pyrimidines via One-Pot Three-Component Reactions. Molecules 2021; 26:5493. [PMID: 34576965 PMCID: PMC8467237 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile and efficient one-pot three-component reaction method for the synthesis of thiazine-dicarboxylates is reported. Reaction of an isocyanide and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate with 2-amino-4H-1,3-thiazin-4-one derivatives containing both an acidic proton and an internal nucleophile gave the products in good yields of 76-85%. The reactivity of dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates was further tested in the synthesis of thiazole-pyrimidines where a two-component reaction of 2-aminothiazole with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates was successfully converted to a more efficient three-component reaction of a thiourea, α-haloketone and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD/DEtAD) to give thiazole-pyrimidines in good yields of 70-91%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan L. Mohlala
- Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa; (R.L.M.); (M.Q.F.)
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, PO Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
| | - Elena Mabel Coyanis
- Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa; (R.L.M.); (M.Q.F.)
| | - Muhammad Q. Fish
- Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa; (R.L.M.); (M.Q.F.)
| | - Manuel A. Fernandes
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, PO Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
| | - Moira L. Bode
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, PO Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
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17
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Li H, Tsegaw YA, Andrews L, Trindle C, Cho HG, Stüker T, Beckers H, Riedel S. Cyanides, Isocyanides, and Hydrides of Zn, Cd and Hg from Metal Atom and HCN Reactions: Matrix Infrared Spectra and Electronic Structure Calculations. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1914-1934. [PMID: 34390101 PMCID: PMC8518711 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Zinc and cadmium atoms from laser ablation of the metals and mercury atoms ablated from a dental amalgam target react with HCN in excess argon during deposition at 5 K to form the MCN and MNC molecules and CN radicals. UV irradiation decreases the higher energy ZnNC isomer in favor of the lower energy ZnCN product. Cadmium and mercury atoms produce analogous MCN primary molecules. Laser ablation of metals also produces plume radiation which initiates H‐atom detachment from HCN. The freed H atom can add to CN radical to produce the HNC isomer. The argon matrix also traps the higher energy but more intensely absorbing isocyanide molecules. Further reactions with H atoms generate HMCN and HMNC hydrides, which can be observed by virtue of their C−N stretches and intense M−H stretches. Computational modeling of IR spectra and relative energies guides the identification of reaction products by providing generally reliable frequency differences within the Zn, Cd and Hg family of products, and estimating isotopic shifts using to 13C and 15N isotopic substitution for comparison with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Li
- Institut fur Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universitat Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yetsedaw A Tsegaw
- Institut fur Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universitat Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 22904, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Carl Trindle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 22904, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Han-Gook Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, 22012, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Tony Stüker
- Institut fur Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universitat Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Institut fur Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universitat Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Institut fur Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universitat Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Reinholdt A, Jafari MG, Sandoval-Pauker C, Ballestero-Martínez E, Gau MR, Driess M, Pinter B, Mindiola DJ. Phosphorus and Arsenic Atom Transfer to Isocyanides to Form π-Backbonding Cyanophosphide and Cyanoarsenide Titanium Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17595-17600. [PMID: 34192399 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Decarbonylation along with E atom transfer from Na(OCE) (E=P, As) to an isocyanide coordinated to the tetrahedral TiII complex [(TptBu,Me )TiCl], yielded the [(TptBu,Me )Ti(η3 -ECNAd)] species (Ad=1-adamantyl, TptBu,Me- =hydrotris(3-tert-butyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl)borate). In the case of E=P, the cyanophosphide ligand displays nucleophilic reactivity toward Al(CH3 )3 ; moreover, its bent geometry hints to a reduced Ad-NCP3- resonance contributor. The analogous and rarer mono-substituted cyanoarsenide ligand, Ad-NCAs3- , shows the same unprecedented coordination mode but with shortening of the N=C bond. As opposed to TiII , VII fails to promote P atom transfer to AdNC, yielding instead [(TptBu,Me )V(OCP)(CNAd)]. Theoretical studies revealed the rare ECNAd moieties to be stabilized by π-backbonding interactions with the former TiII ion, and their assembly to most likely involve a concerted E atom transfer between Ti-bound OCE- to AdNC ligands when studying the reaction coordinate for E=P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Reinholdt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mehrafshan G Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Ernesto Ballestero-Martínez
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael R Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Balazs Pinter
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, 2390123, Chile
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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19
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Mueller LG, Chao A, AlWedi E, Fleming FF. One-step synthesis of imidazoles from Asmic (anisylsulfanylmethyl isocyanide). Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1499-1502. [PMID: 34239617 PMCID: PMC8239262 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Substituted imidazoles are readily prepared by condensing the versatile isocyanide Asmic, anisylsulfanylmethylisocyanide, with nitrogenous π-electrophiles. Deprotonating Asmic with lithium hexamethyldisilazide effectively generates a potent nucleophile that efficiently intercepts nitrile and imine electrophiles to afford imidazoles. In situ cyclization to the imidazole is promoted by the conjugate acid, hexamethyldisilazane, which facilitates the requisite series of proton transfers. The rapid formation of imidazoles and the interchange of the anisylsulfanyl for hydrogen with Raney nickel make the method a valuable route to mono- and disubstituted imidazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis G Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 32 South 32nd St., Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Allen Chao
- Abzena, 360 George Patterson Blvd, Bristol, PA 19007, USA
| | | | - Fraser F Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 32 South 32nd St., Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
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20
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Nguyen HM, Golantsov NE, Golubenkova AS, Rybakov VB, Voskressensky LG. Three-Component Reactions of 3-Arylidene-3 H-Indolium Salts, Isocyanides and Amines. Molecules 2021; 26:2402. [PMID: 33919009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A multicomponent reaction of isocyanides with aryl(indol-3-yl)methylium salts and amines has been found. A series of aryl(indol-3-yl)acetimidamides was obtained in up to 96% yields. In the case of ethyl isocyanoacetate, the reaction is followed by cyclization to form 3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one derivatives.
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21
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Basson AJ, McLaughlin MG. Sustainable Access to 5-Amino-Oxazoles and Thiazoles via Calcium-Catalyzed Elimination-Cyclization with Isocyanides. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:1696-1699. [PMID: 33605021 PMCID: PMC8048476 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a sustainable, modular, rapid and high-yielding transformation to afford densely functionalized 5-aminooxazoles and thiazoles. The reaction is tolerant to a wide range of functional groups and is typically complete in under 30 min. Furthermore, the described transformation is inherently green in relation to the catalyst and solvent choice as well as producing environmentally benign alcoholic by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J. Basson
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark G. McLaughlin
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUnited Kingdom
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22
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Bornadiego A, Neo AG, Marcos CF. Synthesis of Chromeno[3,4- b]piperazines by an Enol-Ugi/Reduction/Cyclization Sequence. Molecules 2021; 26:1287. [PMID: 33673443 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Keto piperazines and aminocoumarins are privileged building blocks for the construction of geometrically constrained peptides and therefore valuable structures in drug discovery. Combining these two heterocycles provides unique rigid polycyclic peptidomimetics with drug-like properties including many points of diversity that could be modulated to interact with different biological receptors. This work describes an efficient multicomponent approach to condensed chromenopiperazines based on the novel enol-Ugi reaction. Importantly, this strategy involves the first reported post-condensation transformation of an enol-Ugi adduct.
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23
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Guan Z, Zhu S, Wang S, Wang H, Wang S, Zhong X, Bu F, Cong H, Lei A. Electrochemical Oxidative Carbon-Atom Difunctionalization: Towards Multisubstituted Imino Sulfide Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1573-1577. [PMID: 33006414 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ethers (C-O/S) are ubiquitously found in a wide array of functional molecules and natural products. Nonetheless, the synthesis of imino sulfide ethers, containing an N(sp2 )=C(sp2 )-O/S fragment, still remains a challenge because of its sensitivity to acid. Developed here in is an unprecedented electrochemical oxidative carbon-atom difunctionalization of isocyanides, providing a series of novel multisubstituted imino sulfide ethers. Under metal-free and external oxidant-free conditions, isocyanides react smoothly with simple and readily available mercaptans and alcohols. Importantly, the procedure exhibited high stereoselectivities, excellent functional-group tolerance, and good efficiency on large-scale synthesis, as well as further derivatization of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Guan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Shuxiang Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Huamin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Faxiang Bu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Hengjiang Cong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
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24
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Ghorbani-Choghamarani A, Taherinia Z. Fe 3O 4@GlcA@Cu-MOF: A Magnetic Metal-Organic Framework as a Recoverable Catalyst for the Hydration of Nitriles and Reduction of Isothiocyanates, Isocyanates, and Isocyanides. ACS Comb Sci 2020; 22:902-909. [PMID: 33186013 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel magnetic metal-organic framework (Fe3O4@GlcA@Cu-MOF) has been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic, microscopic, and magnetic techniques. This magnetically separable catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity for nitrile hydration and the ability to reduce isothiocyanates, isocyanates, and isocyanides with excellent activity and selectivity without any additional reducing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Taherinia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838683, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Ilam University, and P.O. Box 69315516, Ilam, Iran
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25
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Collet JW, Roose TR, Weijers B, Maes BUW, Ruijter E, Orru RVA. Recent Advances in Palladium-Catalyzed Isocyanide Insertions. Molecules 2020; 25:E4906. [PMID: 33114013 PMCID: PMC7660339 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocyanides have long been known as versatile chemical reagents in organic synthesis. Their ambivalent nature also allows them to function as a CO-substitute in palladium-catalyzed cross couplings. Over the past decades, isocyanides have emerged as practical and versatile C1 building blocks, whose inherent N-substitution allows for the rapid incorporation of nitrogeneous fragments in a wide variety of products. Recent developments in palladium catalyzed isocyanide insertion reactions have significantly expanded the scope and applicability of these imidoylative cross-couplings. This review highlights the advances made in this field over the past eight years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurriën W. Collet
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.W.C.); (T.R.R.); (B.W.)
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas R. Roose
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.W.C.); (T.R.R.); (B.W.)
| | - Bram Weijers
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.W.C.); (T.R.R.); (B.W.)
| | - Bert U. W. Maes
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.W.C.); (T.R.R.); (B.W.)
| | - Romano V. A. Orru
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.W.C.); (T.R.R.); (B.W.)
- Organic Chemistry, Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Maastricht University, Urmonderlaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
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26
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Cheng T, Chen Y, Ding J, Qin A, Tang BZ. Isocyanoacetate-Aldehyde Polymerization: A Facile Tool toward Functional Oxazoline-Containing Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000179. [PMID: 32463567 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As an important nitrogen source, isocyanides have been involved in numerous organic reactions. As a result, many complicated compounds have been successfully synthesized through isocyanide chemistry. However, compared with its popular research in organic reactions, the application of isocyanides in polymerization is less investigated. In this work, a new polymerization based on isocyanide monomers is established. By simply mixing diisocyanoacetates and dialdehydes in the presence of a catalytic system of CuCl/PPh3 /organobase in dichloromethane at room temperature readily produces soluble and thermally stable oxazoline-containing polymers with moderate weight-averaged molecular weights (Mw up to 11 200) in excellent yields (up to 97%) after 6 h. Furthermore, introducing the tetraphenylethene moiety into the main chains endows the resultant polymers with aggregation-induced emission, which can function as fluorescent probes for Fe3+ ion detection with high sensitivity and selectivity. This work not only enriches the family of isocyanide-based polymerizations but also provides an efficient tool for the preparation of functional heterocycle-containing polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yizhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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27
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Rajeev N, Swaroop TR, Alrawashdeh AI, Rahman S, Alodhayb A, Anil SM, Kiran KR, Chandra, Georghiou PE, Rangappa KS, Sadashiva MP. The reaction of arylmethyl isocyanides and arylmethylamines with xanthate esters: a facile and unexpected synthesis of carbamothioates. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:159-167. [PMID: 32117472 PMCID: PMC7034244 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An unexpected formation of carbamothioates by a sodium hydride-mediated reaction of arylmethyl isocyanides with xanthate esters in DMF is reported. The products thus obtained were compared with the carbamothioates obtained by the sodium hydride-mediated condensation of the corresponding benzylamines and xanthate esters in DMF. To account for these unexpected reactions, a mechanism is proposed in which the key steps are supported by quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimhamurthy Rajeev
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 006, India
| | - Toreshettahally R Swaroop
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 006, India.,Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B3X7, Canada
| | - Ahmad I Alrawashdeh
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B3X7, Canada
| | - Shofiur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B3X7, Canada.,Aramco Laboratory for Applied Sensing Research, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saudi University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alodhayb
- Aramco Laboratory for Applied Sensing Research, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saudi University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Surface, and Interface Sciences, Department, of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saudi University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seegehalli M Anil
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 006, India
| | - Kuppalli R Kiran
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 006, India
| | - Chandra
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 008, India
| | - Paris E Georghiou
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B3X7, Canada
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28
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Sau SC, Mei R, Struwe J, Ackermann L. Cobaltaelectro-Catalyzed C-H Activation with Carbon Monoxide or Isocyanides. ChemSusChem 2019; 12:3023-3027. [PMID: 30897295 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidative C-H/N-H activations with isocyanides have been realized with a versatile cobalt catalyst. The widely applicable cobalt catalysis manifold further enabled electrooxidative C-H/N-H carbonylations with carbon monoxide under ambient conditions. The C-H functionalizations were efficiently realized with ample scope and outstanding functional group tolerance in a user-friendly undivided cell setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaresh Chandra Sau
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ruhuai Mei
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Struwe
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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29
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Pedrola M, Jorba M, Jardas E, Jardi F, Ghashghaei O, Viñas M, Lavilla R. Multicomponent Reactions Upon the Known Drug Trimethoprim as a Source of Novel Antimicrobial Agents. Front Chem 2019; 7:475. [PMID: 31334221 PMCID: PMC6621506 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel antibiotic compounds have been prepared through a selective multicomponent reaction upon the known drug Trimethoprim. The Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé reaction involving this α-aminoazine, with a range of aldehydes and isocyanides afforded the desired adducts in one-step. The analogs display meaningful structural features of the initial drug together with relevant modifications at several points, keeping antibiotic potency and showing satisfactory antimicrobial profile (good activity levels and reduced growth rates), especially against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The new products may open new possibilities to fight bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pedrola
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Jorba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology & Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical School, Hospitalet de Llobregat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eda Jardas
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Jardi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ouldouz Ghashghaei
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Viñas
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology & Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical School, Hospitalet de Llobregat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Galli U, Hysenlika R, Meneghetti F, Del Grosso E, Pelliccia S, Novellino E, Giustiniano M, Tron GC. Exploiting the Nucleophilicity of the Nitrogen Atom of Imidazoles: One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of Imidazo-Pyrazines. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101959. [PMID: 31117306 PMCID: PMC6572241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel one-pot multicomponent reaction to synthesize substituted imidazopyrazines is described. In brief, 1H-(imidazol-5-yl)-N-substituted methanamines react with aldehydes and isocyanides in methanol at room temperature to give imidazopyrazine derivatives in excellent yields. The imidazole nitrogen atom was able to intercept the nascent nitrilium ion, channeling the reaction toward to the sole formation of imidazopyrazines, suppressing the competitive formation of other possible side products deriving from the reaction with the high-energy nitrilium ion. The number of examples and the variability of the nature of isocyanides, aldehydes, and amine components herein employed, witness the robustness of this novel methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaldina Galli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Rejdia Hysenlika
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Fiorella Meneghetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Erika Del Grosso
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Sveva Pelliccia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Mariateresa Giustiniano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy.
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31
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Golantsov NE, Nguyen HM, Golubenkova AS, Varlamov AV, Van der Eycken EV, Voskressensky LG. Three-Component Reaction of 3-Arylidene-3 H-Indolium Salts, Isocyanides, and Alcohols. Front Chem 2019; 7:345. [PMID: 31157211 PMCID: PMC6532454 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel isocyanide-based multicomponent synthesis of alkyl aryl(indol-3-yl)acetimidates has been established. Starting from aryl(indol-3-yl)methylium tetrafluoroborates, aromatic isocyanides and alcohols, the imidates were obtained in moderate to very good yields. Consecutive four-component synthesis of the above mentioned imidates from N-alkylindoles, aromatic aldehydes, aromatic isocyanides and alcohols was also proposed. In addition, it was shown that in the presence of water, aryl(indol-3-yl)methylium tetrafluoroborates reacted with isocyanides to furnish aryl(indol-3-yl)acetamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita E Golantsov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Hung M Nguyen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra S Golubenkova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Varlamov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leonid G Voskressensky
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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32
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Ghashghaei O, Seghetti F, Lavilla R. Selectivity in multiple multicomponent reactions: types and synthetic applications. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:521-534. [PMID: 30873236 PMCID: PMC6404517 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple multicomponent reactions reach an unparalleled level of connectivity, leading to highly complex adducts. Usually, only one type of transformation involving the same set of reactants takes place. However, in some occasions this is not the case. Selectivity issues then arise, and different scenarios are analyzed. The structural pattern of the reactants, the reaction design and the experimental conditions are the critical factors dictating selectivity in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouldouz Ghashghaei
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. de Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Seghetti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. de Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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33
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Franchino A, Chapman J, Funes-Ardoiz I, Paton RS, Dixon DJ. Catalytic Enantio- and Diastereoselective Mannich Addition of TosMIC to Ketimines. Chemistry 2018; 24:17660-17664. [PMID: 30246415 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chiral amines bearing a stereocenter in the α position are ubiquitous compounds with many applications in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical sectors, as well as in catalysis. Catalytic asymmetric Mannich additions represent a valuable method to access such compounds in enantioenriched form. This work reports the first enantio- and diastereoselective addition of commercially available p-toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC) to ketimines, affording 2-imidazolines bearing two contiguous stereocenters, one of which is fully-substituted, with high yields and excellent stereocontrol. The reaction, catalyzed by silver oxide and a dihydroquinine-derived N,P-ligand, is broad in scope, operationally simple, and scalable. Derivatization of the products provides enantioenriched vicinal diamines, precursors to NHC ligands and sp3 -rich heterocyclic scaffolds. Computations are used to understand catalysis and rationalize stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allegra Franchino
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jack Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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34
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Abstract
Finally stereoselective: Enantioselective variations have been developed for many multicomponent reactions; however, it has been missing for the Ugi four-component reaction. This has now changed with the discovery of an efficient catalytic enantioselective variant for the four-component reaction of isocyanides, primary amines, aldehydes or ketones, and carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Shaabani
- Department for Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700, AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department for Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700, AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
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35
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Casella G, Casarin M, Kukushkin VY, Kuznetsov ML. Reaction between Indazole and Pd-Bound Isocyanides-A Theoretical Mechanistic Study. Molecules 2018; 23:E2942. [PMID: 30423833 PMCID: PMC6278333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of the addition of indazole (Ind)-a bifunctional aromatic N,NH-nucleophile-to cyclohexyl isocyanide coordinated to the palladium(II) center in the model complex cis-[PdCl₂(CNMe)(CNCy)] (1) to give the corresponding aminocarbene ligand was investigated in detail by theoretical (DFT) methods. The most plausible mechanism of this reaction is that of the associative type involving nucleophilic attack of Ind by its unprotonated N atom at the isocyanide carbon atom followed by the stepwise proton transfer from the nucleophile molecule to the isocyanide N atom via deprotonation/protonation steps. Two reaction channels based on two tautomeric forms of indazole were found. The channel leading to the experimentally isolated aminocarbene product is based on the less stable tautomeric form. Another channel based on the more stable tautomer of Ind is slightly kinetically more favorable but it is endergonic. Thus, the regioselectivity of this reaction is thermodynamically rather than kinetically driven. The bonding situation in key species was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girolamo Casella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 22, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (C.I.R.C.M.S.B.), Piazza Umberto I, 70121 Bari, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- International Group on Organometallic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Maxim L Kuznetsov
- International Group on Organometallic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
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36
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Moni L, De Moliner F, Garbarino S, Saupe J, Mang C, Basso A. Corrigendum: Exploitation of the Ugi 5-Center-4-Component Reaction (U-5C-4CR) for the Generation of Diverse Libraries of Polycyclic (Spiro)Compounds. Front Chem 2018; 6:510. [PMID: 30374439 PMCID: PMC6202786 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Moni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio De Moliner
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Garbarino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Jörn Saupe
- AnalytiCon Discovery GmbH, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Basso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
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37
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Saya JM, Roose TR, Peek JJ, Weijers B, de Waal TJS, Vande Velde CML, Orru RVA, Ruijter E. Iodospirocyclization of Tryptamine-Derived Isocyanides: Formal Total Synthesis of Aspidofractinine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15232-15236. [PMID: 30273989 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The N-iodosuccinimide-mediated spirocyclization of tryptamine-derived isocyanides to generate spiroindolenines is reported. The products contain both an imine and an imidoyl iodide as flexible handles for follow-up chemistry. Nucleophilic addition typically occurs chemoselectively on the imine moiety with complete diastereoselectivity, providing opportunities for the construction of complex molecular frameworks. The synthetic potential of the method was showcased in the formal total synthesis of (±)-aspidofractinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy M Saya
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas R Roose
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jarryt J Peek
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Weijers
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J S de Waal
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe M L Vande Velde
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, Advanced Reactor Technology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Romano V A Orru
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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38
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Moni L, De Moliner F, Garbarino S, Saupe J, Mang C, Basso A. Exploitation of the Ugi 5-Center-4-Component Reaction (U-5C-4CR) for the Generation of Diverse Libraries of Polycyclic (Spiro)Compounds. Front Chem 2018; 6:369. [PMID: 30238002 PMCID: PMC6136273 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An Ugi multicomponent reaction with chiral cyclic amino acids, benzyl isocyanide and cyclic ketones (or acetone) has been exploited as key step for the generation of peptidomimetics. After a straightforward set of elaborations, the peptidomimetics were converted into polycyclic scaffolds displaying two orthogonally protected secondary amines. Libraries of compounds were obtained decorating the molecules through acylation/reductive amination reactions on these functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Moni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio De Moliner
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Garbarino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Jörn Saupe
- AnalytiCon Discovery GmbH, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Basso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
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39
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Ghashghaei O, Caputo S, Sintes M, Revés M, Kielland N, Estarellas C, Luque FJ, Aviñó A, Eritja R, Serna-Gallego A, Marrugal-Lorenzo JA, Pachón J, Sánchez-Céspedes J, Treadwell R, de Moliner F, Vendrell M, Lavilla R. Multiple Multicomponent Reactions: Unexplored Substrates, Selective Processes, and Versatile Chemotypes in Biomedicine. Chemistry 2018; 24:14513-14521. [PMID: 29974986 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple multicomponent reactions rapidly assemble complex structures. Despite being very productive, the lack of selectivity and the reduced number of viable transformations restrict their general application in synthesis. Hereby, we describe a rationale for a selective version of these processes based in the preferential generation of intermediates which are less reactive than the initial substrates. In this way, applying the Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé reaction on a range of α-polyamino-polyazines, we prepared a family compact heterocyclic scaffolds with relevant applications in medicinal and biological chemistry (live cell imaging probes, selective binders for DNA quadruplexes, and antiviral agents against human adenoviruses). The approach has general character and yields complex molecular targets in a selective, tunable and direct manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouldouz Ghashghaei
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of, Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Samantha Caputo
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of, Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Miquel Sintes
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of, Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Marc Revés
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of, Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Nicola Kielland
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of, Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Carolina Estarellas
- Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia, and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Prat de la Riba 171, 08921, Santa Coloma, de Gramenet, Spain
| | - F Javier Luque
- Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia, and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Prat de la Riba 171, 08921, Santa Coloma, de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Anna Aviñó
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034-, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Eritja
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034-, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Serna-Gallego
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/Institute of Biomedicine of, Seville (IBiS)/CSIC/, University of Seville, Spain
| | - José Antonio Marrugal-Lorenzo
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/Institute of Biomedicine of, Seville (IBiS)/CSIC/, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Pachón
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/CSIC/, University of Seville &, Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Céspedes
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/CSIC/, University of Seville &, Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Ryan Treadwell
- MRC/UoE Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Fabio de Moliner
- MRC/UoE Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- MRC/UoE Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of, Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
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40
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Yan X, Zhang S, Zhang P, Wu X, Liu A, Guo G, Dong Y, Li X. [Ph 3 C][B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ]: A Highly Efficient Metal-Free Single-Component Initiator for the Helical-Sense-Selective Cationic Copolymerization of Chiral Aryl Isocyanides and Achiral Aryl Isocyanides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8947-8952. [PMID: 29756408 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Commercially available [Ph3 C][B(C6 F5 )4 ] served as a highly efficient metal-free and single-component initiator not only for the carbocationic polymerization of polar and bulky aryl isocyanides with extremely high activity up to 1.2×107 g of polymer/(molcat. h), but also for the helical-sense-selective polymerization of chiral aryl isocyanides and copolymerization with achiral aryl isocyanides to afford high-molecular-weight functional poly(aryl isocyanide)s with good solubility as well as AIE characteristics and/or a single-handed helical conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shaowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaolu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - An Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ge Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuping Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced, Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
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41
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Otsuka S, Nogi K, Yorimitsu H. Palladium-Catalyzed Insertion of Isocyanides into the C-S Bonds of Heteroaryl Sulfides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6653-6657. [PMID: 29660856 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Insertion of tert-butyl isocyanide into the C(sp2 )-S bonds of heteroaryl sulfides is catalyzed by a palladium diphosphine complex. Thioimidates generated through this reaction could be readily hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to yield the corresponding thioesters, which are of synthetic use. This insertion is useful because starting heteroaryl sulfides were readily prepared by either conventional ways or through sulfur-specific extended Pummerer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Otsuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nogi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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42
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Liang HW, Yang Z, Jiang K, Ye Y, Wei Y. Atom-Economic Silver-Catalyzed Difunctionalization of the Isocyano Group with Cyclic Oximes: Towards Pyrimidinediones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5720-5724. [PMID: 29601660 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented silver-catalyzed difunctionalization of the isocyano group with cyclic oximes is described. This method allows efficient and atom-economic assembly of a vast array of structurally novel and interesting pyrimidinediones, and tolerates a range of functionalities. The resulting products can be easily converted into some useful compounds. Furthermore, the method can also be applied for the late-stage modification of a few biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wen Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ying Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ye Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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43
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Abstract
A short reaction pathway was devised to synthesize a library of artificial 18-27-membered macrocycles. The five-step reaction sequence involves ring opening of a cyclic anhydride with a diamine, esterification, coupling with an amino acid isocyanide, saponification, and, finally, macro-ring closure using an Ugi or, alternatively, a Passerini multicomponent reaction. Three out of the five steps allow for the versatile introduction of linker elements, side chains, and substituents with aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic character. The versatile pathway is described for 15 different target macrocycles on a mmol scale. Artificial macrocycles have recently become of great interest due to their potential to bind to difficult post-genomic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M. M. Abdelraheem
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Samad Khaksar
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Chemistry Department, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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44
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Inoue Y, Takashima S, Nogata Y, Yoshimura E, Chiba K, Kitano Y. Isocyanides Derived from α,α-Disubstituted Amino Acids: Synthesis and Antifouling Activity Assessment. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1700571. [PMID: 29381256 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we contribute to the development of environmentally friendly antifoulants by synthesizing eighteen isocyanides derived from α,α-disubstituted amino acids and evaluating their antifouling activity/toxicity against the cypris larvae of the Balanus amphitrite barnacle. Almost all isocyanides showed good antifouling activity without significant toxicity and exhibited EC50 values of 0.07 - 7.30 μg/mL after 120-h exposure. The lowest EC50 values were observed for valine-, methionine-, and phenylalanine-derived isocyanides, which achieved > 95% cypris larvae settlement inhibition at concentrations of less than 30 μg/mL without exhibiting significant toxicity. Thus, the prepared isocyanides should be useful for further research focused on the development of environmentally friendly antifouling agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Inoue
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shuhei Takashima
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nogata
- Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko-shi, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kitano
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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45
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Ghashghaei O, Kielland N, Revés M, Taylor MC, Kelly JM, Di Pietro O, Muñoz-Torrero D, Pérez B, Lavilla R. Tetrasubstituted Imidazolium Salts as Potent Antiparasitic Agents against African and American Trypanosomiases. Molecules 2018; 23:E177. [PMID: 29337878 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazolium salts are privileged compounds in organic chemistry, and have valuable biological properties. Recent studies show that symmetric imidazolium salts with bulky moieties can display antiparasitic activity against T. cruzi. After developing a facile methodology for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted imidazolium salts from propargylamines and isocyanides, we screened a small library of these adducts against the causative agents of African and American trypanosomiases. These compounds display nanomolar activity against T. brucei and low (or sub) micromolar activity against T. cruzi, with excellent selectivity indexes and favorable molecular properties, thereby emerging as promising hits for the treatment of Chagas disease and sleeping sickness.
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46
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Kuznetsov ML, Kukushkin VY. Metal-Mediated Addition of N-Nucleophiles to Isocyanides: Mechanistic Aspects. Molecules 2017; 22:E1141. [PMID: 28698454 PMCID: PMC6152363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the long history of the investigation of nucleophilic addition to metal-bound isocyanides, some important aspects of the reaction mechanism remain unclear even for the simplest systems. In this work, the addition of the sp³-N, sp²-N, and mixed sp²/sp³-N nucleophiles (i.e., HNMe₂, HN=CPh₂, and H₂N-N=CPh₂, respectively) to isocyanides C≡NR coordinated to the platinum(II) centers in the complexes cis-[Pt(C≡NCy)(2-pyz)(dppe)]⁺ (2-pyz = 2-pyrazyl, dmpe = Me₂PCH₂CH₂PMe₂) and cis-[PtCl₂(C≡NXyl)(C≡NMe)] was studied in detail by theoretical (DFT) methods. The mechanism of these reactions is stepwise associative rather than concerted and it includes the addition of a nucleophile to the isocyanide C atom, deprotonation of the nucleophilic moiety in the resulting intermediate, and protonation of the isocyanide N atom to give the final product. The calculated activation energy (ΔG≠) of all reactions is in the range of 19.8-22.4 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim L Kuznetsov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal.
- International Group on Organometallic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- International Group on Organometallic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
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47
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Chepyshev SV, Lujan-Montelongo JA, Chao A, Fleming FF. Alkenyl Isocyanide Conjugate Additions: A Rapid Route to γ-Carbolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4310-4313. [PMID: 28295938 PMCID: PMC5667947 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Isocyanides are exceptional building blocks, the wide deployment of which in multicomponent and metal-insertion reactions belies their limited availability. The first conjugate addition/alkylation to alkenyl isocyanides is described, which addresses this deficiency. An array of organolithiums, magnesiates, enolates, and metalated nitriles add conjugately to β- and β,β-disubstituted arylsulfonyl alkenyl isocyanides to rapidly assemble diverse isocyanide scaffolds. The intermediate metalated isocyanides are efficiently trapped with electrophiles to generate substituted isocyanides incorporating contiguous tri- and tetra-substituted centers. The substituted isocyanides are ideally functionalized for elaboration into synthetic targets as illustrated by the three-step synthesis of γ-carboline N-methyl ingenine B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy V Chepyshev
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 32 South 32nd St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J Armando Lujan-Montelongo
- Departmento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Ciudad de México, 07360, México
| | - Allen Chao
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 32 South 32nd St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Fraser F Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 32 South 32nd St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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48
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Qiu G, Mamboury M, Wang Q, Zhu J. Ketenimines from Isocyanides and Allyl Carbonates: Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of β,γ-Unsaturated Amides and Tetrazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15377-15381. [PMID: 27862731 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of allyl ethyl carbonates with isocyanides in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2 provided ketenimines through β-hydride elimination of the allyl imidoylpalladium intermediates. The insertion of the isocyanide into the π-allyl Pd complex proceeded via an unusual η1 -allyl Pd species. The resulting ketenimines were hydrolyzed to β,γ-unsaturated carboxamides during purification by flash column chromatography on silica gel or converted in situ into 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles by [3+2] cycloaddition with hydrazoic acid or trimethylsilyl azide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyinsheng Qiu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Mamboury
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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49
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Moni L, Banfi L, Basso A, Bozzano A, Spallarossa M, Wessjohann L, Riva R. Passerini Reactions on Biocatalytically Derived Chiral Azetidines. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091153. [PMID: 27589709 PMCID: PMC6273022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore a series of Passerini reactions on a biocatalytically derived enantiopure azetidine-2-carboxyaldehyde in order to obtain, in a diastereoselective manner, polyfunctionalised derivatives having the potential to be cyclized to chiral bridged bicyclic nitrogen heterocycles. While diastereoselectivity was poor under classical Passerini conditions, a significant increase of diastereoselectivity (up to 76:24) was gained by the use of zinc bromide as promoter. The methodology has a broad scope and yields are always good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Moni
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31-16146 Genova, Italy.
| | - Luca Banfi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31-16146 Genova, Italy.
| | - Andrea Basso
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31-16146 Genova, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bozzano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31-16146 Genova, Italy.
| | - Martina Spallarossa
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31-16146 Genova, Italy.
| | - Ludger Wessjohann
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Renata Riva
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31-16146 Genova, Italy.
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50
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Wang H, Kumar RK, Yu Y, Zhang L, Liu Z, Liao P, Bi X. Silver-Catalyzed Isocyanide-Isocyanide [3+2] Cross-Cycloaddition Involving 1,2-Group Migration: Efficient Synthesis of Trisubstituted lmidazoles. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2841-2845. [PMID: 27459607 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Imidazole ring is an important five-membered aromatic heterocycle that is widely present in natural products and synthetic molecules. The isocyanide-isocyanide [3+2] cross-cycloaddition reaction constitutes a straightforward method to access imidazoles starting from the easily available chemicals. So far, only three successive reports are known and all lead to the formation of 1,4-disubstituted imidazoles. Here, we report the first isocyanide-isocyanide [3+2] cross-cycloaddition reaction allowing for the formation of 1,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles under silver catalysis. An unexpected 1,2-migration of sulfonyl, alkoxycaybonyl, and carbamoyl groups took place during the cyclization process that is responsible for the formation of trisubstituted imidazoles. This report displayed a mechanistically novel synthetic method toward a variety of imidazole derivatives, which are otherwise difficult to access by conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Str. 5268#, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Rapolu Kiran Kumar
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Str. 5268#, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Str. 5268#, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Str. 5268#, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zhaohong Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Str. 5268#, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Peiqiu Liao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Str. 5268#, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Str. 5268#, Changchun, 130024, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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