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Garreta E, Moya-Rull D, Marco A, Amato G, Ullate-Agote A, Tarantino C, Gallo M, Esporrín-Ubieto D, Centeno A, Vilas-Zornoza A, Mestre R, Kalil M, Gorroñogoitia I, Zaldua AM, Sanchez S, Reyes LI, Fernández-Santos ME, Prosper F, Montserrat N. Natural Hydrogels Support Kidney Organoid Generation and Promote in vitro Angiogenesis. Adv Mater 2024:e2400306. [PMID: 38762768 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
To date strategies aiming to modulate cell to extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions during organoid derivation remain largely unexplored. Here renal decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels are fabricated from porcine and human renal cortex as biomaterials to enrich cell-to-ECM crosstalk during the onset of kidney organoid differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Renal dECM-derived hydrogels are used in combination with hPSC-derived renal progenitor cells to define new approaches for 2D and 3D kidney organoid differentiation, demonstrating that in the presence of these biomaterials the resulting kidney organoids exhibit renal differentiation features, and the formation of an endogenous vascular component. Based on these observations, a new method to produce kidney organoids with vascular-like structures is achieved through the assembly of hPSC-derived endothelial-like organoids with kidney organoids in 3D. Major readouts of kidney differentiation and renal cell morphology are assessed exploiting these culture platforms as new models of nephrogenesis. Overall, this work shows that exploiting cell-to-ECM interactions during the onset of kidney differentiation from hPSCs facilitates and optimizes current approaches for kidney organoid derivation thereby increasing the utility of these unique culture cell platforms for personalized medicine. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Garreta
- Pluripotency for organ regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Daniel Moya-Rull
- Pluripotency for organ regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Andrés Marco
- Pluripotency for organ regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Gaia Amato
- Pluripotency for organ regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Asier Ullate-Agote
- Regenerative Medicine and Hemato-Oncology Programs, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carolina Tarantino
- Pluripotency for organ regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Maria Gallo
- Pluripotency for organ regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - David Esporrín-Ubieto
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri i Reixac, 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Alberto Centeno
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, A Coruña, 15006, Spain
| | - Amaia Vilas-Zornoza
- Regenerative Medicine and Hemato-Oncology Programs, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Mestre
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri i Reixac, 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - María Kalil
- Pluripotency for organ regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | | | - Ane Miren Zaldua
- Leartiker S.Coop, Xemein Etorbidea 12A, Markina-Xemein, 48270, Spain
| | - Samuel Sanchez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri i Reixac, 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | | | - M Eugenia Fernández-Santos
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- ATMPs Production Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Hematology Service and Cell Therapy Unit and Program of Hematology-Oncology CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Oncología (CIBERONC) and RICORS TERAV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Montserrat
- Pluripotency for organ regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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Oishi H, Tabibzadeh N, Morizane R. Advancing preclinical drug evaluation through automated 3D imaging for high-throughput screening with kidney organoids. Biofabrication 2024; 16:035003. [PMID: 38547531 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad38df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
High-throughput drug screening is crucial for advancing healthcare through drug discovery. However, a significant limitation arises from availablein vitromodels using conventional 2D cell culture, which lack the proper phenotypes and architectures observed in three-dimensional (3D) tissues. Recent advancements in stem cell biology have facilitated the generation of organoids-3D tissue constructs that mimic human organsin vitro. Kidney organoids, derived from human pluripotent stem cells, represent a significant breakthrough in disease representation. They encompass major kidney cell types organized within distinct nephron segments, surrounded by stroma and endothelial cells. This tissue allows for the assessment of structural alterations such as nephron loss, a characteristic of chronic kidney disease. Despite these advantages, the complexity of 3D structures has hindered the use of organoids for large-scale drug screening, and the drug screening pipelines utilizing these complexin vitromodels remain to be established for high-throughput screening. In this study, we address the technical limitations of kidney organoids through fully automated 3D imaging, aided by a machine-learning approach for automatic profiling of nephron segment-specific epithelial morphometry. Kidney organoids were exposed to the nephrotoxic agent cisplatin to model severe acute kidney injury. An U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug library was tested for therapeutic and nephrotoxicity screening. The fully automated pipeline of 3D image acquisition and analysis identified nephrotoxic or therapeutic drugs during cisplatin chemotherapy. The nephrotoxic potential of these drugs aligned with previousin vivoand human reports. Additionally, Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in hematological malignancies, was identified as a potential preventive therapy for cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Our proof-of-concept report demonstrates that the automated screening process, using 3D morphometric assays with kidney organoids, enables high-throughput screening for nephrotoxicity and therapeutic assessment in 3D tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Oishi
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Nahid Tabibzadeh
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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Vanslambrouck JM, Neil JA, Rudraraju R, Mah S, Tan KS, Groenewegen E, Forbes TA, Karavendzas K, Elliott DA, Porrello ER, Subbarao K, Little MH. Kidney organoids reveal redundancy in viral entry pathways during ACE2-dependent SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Virol 2024; 98:e0180223. [PMID: 38334329 PMCID: PMC10949421 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01802-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
With a high incidence of acute kidney injury among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, considerable attention has been focussed on whether SARS-CoV-2 specifically targets kidney cells to directly impact renal function, or whether renal damage is primarily an indirect outcome. To date, several studies have utilized kidney organoids to understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19, revealing the ability for SARS-CoV-2 to predominantly infect cells of the proximal tubule (PT), with reduced infectivity following administration of soluble ACE2. However, the immaturity of standard human kidney organoids represents a significant hurdle, leaving the preferred SARS-CoV-2 processing pathway, existence of alternate viral receptors, and the effect of common hypertensive medications on the expression of ACE2 in the context of SARS-CoV-2 exposure incompletely understood. Utilizing a novel kidney organoid model with enhanced PT maturity, genetic- and drug-mediated inhibition of viral entry and processing factors confirmed the requirement for ACE2 for SARS-CoV-2 entry but showed that the virus can utilize dual viral spike protein processing pathways downstream of ACE2 receptor binding. These include TMPRSS- and CTSL/CTSB-mediated non-endosomal and endocytic pathways, with TMPRSS10 likely playing a more significant role in the non-endosomal pathway in renal cells than TMPRSS2. Finally, treatment with the antihypertensive ACE inhibitor, lisinopril, showed negligible impact on receptor expression or susceptibility of renal cells to infection. This study represents the first in-depth characterization of viral entry in stem cell-derived human kidney organoids with enhanced PTs, providing deeper insight into the renal implications of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. IMPORTANCE Utilizing a human iPSC-derived kidney organoid model with improved proximal tubule (PT) maturity, we identified the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 entry in renal cells, confirming ACE2 as the sole receptor and revealing redundancy in downstream cell surface TMPRSS- and endocytic Cathepsin-mediated pathways. In addition, these data address the implications of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in the setting of the commonly prescribed ACE-inhibitor, lisinopril, confirming its negligible impact on infection of kidney cells. Taken together, these results provide valuable insight into the mechanism of viral infection in the human kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Vanslambrouck
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessica A. Neil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rajeev Rudraraju
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sophia Mah
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ker Sin Tan
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ella Groenewegen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas A. Forbes
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katerina Karavendzas
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David A. Elliott
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Australia Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Enzo R. Porrello
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- The WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa H. Little
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wu S, Li C, Li Y, Liu J, Rong C, Pei H, Li X, Zeng X, Mao W. SLC2A9 rs16890979 reduces uric acid absorption by kidney organoids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1268226. [PMID: 38269090 PMCID: PMC10806012 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1268226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The excretion and absorption of uric acid (UA) by the kidneys helps regulate serum UA levels. GLUT9, encoded by SLC2A9, is mainly expressed in the renal tubules responsible for UA absorption. SLC2A9 polymorphisms are associated with different serum UA levels. However, the lack of proper in vitro models has stalled research on the mechanisms of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect UA metabolism in human urate transporters. Methods: In this study, we constructed a gene-edited human embryonic stem cells-9 (ESC-H9) derived kidney organoid bearing rs16890979, an SLC2A9 missense mutation with undetermined associations with hyperuricemia or hypouricemia. Kidney organoids derived from ESC-H9 with genetical overexpression (OE) and low expression (shRNA) of SLC2A9 to serve as controls to study the function of SLC2A9. The function of rs16890979 on UA metabolism was evaluated after placing the organoids to urate-containing medium and following histopathological analysis. Results: The kidney organoids with heterozygous or homozygous rs16890979 mutations showed normal SLC2A9 expression levels and histological distribution, phenotypically similar to the wild-type controls. However, reduced absorption of UA by the kidney organoids with rs16890979 mutants was observed. This finding together with the observation that UA absorption is increased in organoids with SLC2A9 overexpression and decreased in those with SLC2A9 knockdown, suggest that GLUT9 is responsible for UA absorption, and the rs16890979 SNP may compromise this functionality. Moreover, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was detected in organoids after UA treatment, especially in the kidney organoid carrying GLUT9OE, suggesting the cytobiological mechanism explaining the pathological features in hyperuricosuria-related renal injury. Discussion: This study showing the transitional value of kidney organoid modeling the function of SNPs on UA metabolism. With a defined genetic background and a confirmed UA absorption function should be useful for studies on renal histological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms with this organoid model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Rong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongfei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Lab of Stem Cell Biology and Innovative Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- National Institute for Stem Cell Clinical Research, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine/The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Kroll KT, Mata MM, Homan KA, Micallef V, Carpy A, Hiratsuka K, Morizane R, Moisan A, Gubler M, Walz AC, Marrer-Berger E, Lewis JA. Immune-infiltrated kidney organoid-on-chip model for assessing T cell bispecific antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305322120. [PMID: 37603766 PMCID: PMC10467620 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305322120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) are the focus of intense development for cancer immunotherapy. Recently, peptide-MHC (major histocompatibility complex)-targeted TCBs have emerged as a new class of biotherapeutics with improved specificity. These TCBs simultaneously bind to target peptides presented by the polymorphic, species-specific MHC encoded by the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele present on target cells and to the CD3 coreceptor expressed by human T lymphocytes. Unfortunately, traditional models for assessing their effects on human tissues often lack predictive capability, particularly for "on-target, off-tumor" interactions. Here, we report an immune-infiltrated, kidney organoid-on-chip model in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) along with nontargeting (control) or targeting TCB-based tool compounds are circulated under flow. The target consists of the RMF peptide derived from the intracellular tumor antigen Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) presented on HLA-A2 via a bivalent T cell receptor-like binding domain. Using our model, we measured TCB-mediated CD8+ T cell activation and killing of RMF-HLA-A2-presenting cells in the presence of PBMCs and multiple tool compounds. DP47, a non-pMHC-targeting TCB that only binds to CD3 (negative control), does not promote T cell activation and killing. Conversely, the nonspecific ESK1-like TCB (positive control) promotes CD8+ T cell expansion accompanied by dose-dependent T cell-mediated killing of multiple cell types, while WT1-TCB* recognizing the RMF-HLA-A2 complex with high specificity, leads solely to selective killing of WT1-expressing cells within kidney organoids under flow. Our 3D kidney organoid model offers a platform for preclinical testing of cancer immunotherapies and investigating tissue-immune system interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina T. Kroll
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA02115
| | - Mariana M. Mata
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA02115
| | - Kimberly A. Homan
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA02115
- Complex in vitro Systems, Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA94080
| | - Virginie Micallef
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, BaselCH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Carpy
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, MunichDE-82377, Germany
| | - Ken Hiratsuka
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Annie Moisan
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, BaselCH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Gubler
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, BaselCH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Antje-Christine Walz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, BaselCH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Marrer-Berger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, BaselCH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer A. Lewis
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA02115
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Kuromi Y, Kitamura S, Endo T, Ueno S, Kokura K, Ohbayashi T. Cisplatin Induces Cell Death in Rat Adult Kidney Stem/ Progenitor Cell-Derived Kidney Organoids. Yonago Acta Med 2023; 66:153-158. [PMID: 36820290 PMCID: PMC9937970 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Background The use of stem/ progenitor cell-derived organoids to evaluate the toxicity of chemical substances has widely increased. Organoids with nephron-like structures (NLS) can be derived from rat adult kidney stem/ progenitor cells (rKS cells) using three-dimensional culture. In this study, we examined the effects of cisplatin, an anticancer drug that induces nephrotoxicity in vivo, on rKS cell-derived NLS. Methods Twelve organoids were simultaneously derived from three-dimensionally cultured rKS cells in Matrigel matrices. The surface area of each organoid was measured using microscopy-based imaging, and the morphological changes of NLS were monitored using an image analysis method. NLS were exposed to cisplatin, and their associated effects were assessed. Results NLS elongated over time. The surface areas of the 12 organoids were almost constant. Cisplatin exposure induced cell death in NLS and inhibited the increase in the surface area of the organoids. Conclusion Cisplatin exposure induces damage to NLS derived from rKS cells. Thus, the organoids may be valuable as an in vitro model to assess nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Kuromi
- Research Facility, Advanced Medicine & Translational Research Center, Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Shinji Kitamura
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Research Facility, Advanced Medicine & Translational Research Center, Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Shota Ueno
- Research Facility, Advanced Medicine & Translational Research Center, Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan,Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, 338 Noda, Noda, Chiba 278-0037, Japan
| | - Kenji Kokura
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohbayashi
- Research Facility, Advanced Medicine & Translational Research Center, Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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7
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Gu S, Wu G, Lu D, Meng G, Wang Y, Tang L, Zhang W. Nephrotoxicity assessment of Esculentoside A using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36722705 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). A major obstacle in predicting AKI is the lack of a comprehensive experimental model that mimics stable and physiologically relevant kidney functions and accurately reflects the changes a drug induces. Organoids derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising models because of their reproducibility and similarity to the in vivo conditions. In this study, Esculentoside A, the triterpene saponin with the highest concentration isolated from the root of Phytolacca acinose Roxb., was used to induce kidney injury models in vivo and kidney organoids. Esculentoside A induced AKI in mice, together with pathological changes and enhanced apoptosis. Moreover, Esculentoside A damaged podocytes and proximal tubular endothelial cells in kidney organoids in a similar way as in vivo. We also found that treatment with 60 μM Esculentoside A induced the known biomarkers of kidney damage and inflammatory cytokines (such as kidney injury molecule (KIM-1), β2-microglobulin (β2-M), and cystatin C (CysC)) in the organoids, in which activation of Cleaved Caspase-3 was involved, possibly due to lowered mitochondrial membrane potential. In summary, this study strongly suggests using kidney organoids as a reliable platform to assess Chinese medicine-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Gu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dong Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guofeng Meng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Liming Tang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Shanghai, PR China
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8
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Gaykema LH, van Nieuwland RY, Dekkers MC, van Essen MF, Heidt S, Zaldumbide A, van den Berg CW, Rabelink TJ, van Kooten C. Inhibition of complement activation by CD55 overexpression in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived kidney organoids. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1058763. [PMID: 36713440 PMCID: PMC9880527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
End stage renal disease is an increasing problem worldwide driven by aging of the population and increased prevalence of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. Currently, kidney transplantation is the only curative option, but donor organ shortages greatly limit its application. Regenerative medicine has the potential to solve the shortage by using stem cells to grow the desired tissues, like kidney tissue. Immune rejection poses a great threat towards the implementation of stem cell derived tissues and various strategies have been explored to limit the immune response towards these tissues. However, these studies are limited by targeting mainly T cell mediated immune rejection while the rejection process also involves innate and humoral immunity. In this study we investigate whether inhibition of the complement system in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) could provide protection from such immune injury. To this end we created knock-in iPSC lines of the membrane bound complement inhibitor CD55 to create a transplant-specific protection towards complement activation. CD55 inhibits the central driver of the complement cascade, C3 convertase, and we show that overexpression is able to decrease complement activation on both iPSCs as well as differentiated kidney organoids upon stimulation with anti-HLA antibodies to mimic the mechanism of humoral rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonneke H. Gaykema
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rianne Y. van Nieuwland
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mette C. Dekkers
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mieke F. van Essen
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,Eurotransplant Reference Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne W. van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ton J. Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Ton J. Rabelink,
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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9
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Abstract
The ability to generate 3-dimensional models of the developing human kidney via the directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells-termed kidney organoids-has been hailed as a major advance in experimental nephrology. Although these provide an opportunity to interrogate human development, model-specific kidney diseases facilitate drug screening and even deliver bioengineered tissue; most of these prophetic end points remain to be realized. Indeed, at present we are still finding out what we can learn and what we cannot learn from this approach. In this review, we will summarize the approaches available to generate models of the human kidney from stem cells, the existing successful applications of kidney organoids, their limitations, and remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Dorison
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Forbes
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa H Little
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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10
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Kalejaiye TD, Barreto AD, Musah S. Translating Organoids into Artificial Kidneys. Curr Transpl Rep 2022; 9:276-286. [PMID: 36311696 PMCID: PMC9592871 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-022-00383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Kidney disease affects more than 13% of the world population, and current treatment options are limited to dialysis and organ transplantation. The generation of kidney organoids from human-induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells could be harnessed to engineer artificial organs and help overcome the challenges associated with the limited supply of transplantable kidneys. The purpose of this article is to review the progress in kidney organoid generation and transplantation and highlight some existing challenges in the field. We also examined possible improvements that could help realize the potential of organoids as artificial organs or alternatives for kidney transplantation therapy. Recent Findings Organoids are useful for understanding the mechanisms of kidney development, and they provide robust platforms for drug screening, disease modeling, and generation of tissues for organ replacement therapies. Efforts to design organoids rely on the ability of cells to self-assemble and pattern themselves into recognizable tissues. While existing protocols for generating organoids result in multicellular structures reminiscent of the developing kidney, many do not yet fully recapitulate the complex cellular composition, structure, and functions of the intact kidney. Recent advances toward achieving these goals include identifying cell culture conditions that produce organoids with improved vasculature and cell maturation and functional states. Still, additional improvements are needed to enhance tissue patterning, specialization, and function, and avoid tumorigenicity after transplantation. Summary This report focuses on kidney organoid studies, advancements and limitations, and future directions for improvements towards transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilola D. Kalejaiye
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Amanda D. Barreto
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Samira Musah
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA ,Affiliate Faculty of the Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke Regeneration Center, and Duke MEDx Initiative, Durham, NC USA
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11
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Miranda CC, Gomes MR, Moço M, Cabral JMS, Ferreira FC, Sanjuan-Alberte P. A Concise Review on Electrospun Scaffolds for Kidney Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100554. [PMID: 36290522 PMCID: PMC9598616 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is one of the deadliest diseases globally and treatment methods are still insufficient, relying mostly on transplantation and dialysis. Engineering of kidney tissues in vitro from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could provide a solution to this medical need by restoring the function of damaged kidneys. However, implementation of such approaches is still challenging to achieve due to the complexity of mature kidneys in vivo. Several strategies have been defined to obtain kidney progenitor endothelial and epithelial cells that could form nephrons and proximal tube cells, but these lack tissue maturity and vascularisation to be further implemented. Electrospinning is a technique that has shown promise in the development of physiological microenvironments of several tissues and could be applied in the engineering of kidney tissues. Synthetic polymers such as polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, and poly(vinyl alcohol) have been explored in the manufacturing of fibres that align and promote the proliferation and cell-to-cell interactions of kidney cells. Natural polymers including silk fibroin and decellularised extracellular matrix have also been explored alone and in combination with synthetic polymers promoting the differentiation of podocytes and tubular-specific cells. Despite these attempts, further work is still required to advance the applications of electrospun fibres in kidney tissue engineering and explore this technique in combination with other manufacturing methods such as bioprinting to develop more organised, mature and reproducible kidney organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia C. Miranda
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.C.M.); (P.S.-A.)
| | - Mariana Ramalho Gomes
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Moço
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paola Sanjuan-Alberte
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.C.M.); (P.S.-A.)
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12
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Montalbetti N, Przepiorski AJ, Shi S, Sheng S, Baty CJ, Maggiore JC, Carattino MD, Vanichapol T, Davidson AJ, Hukriede NA, Kleyman TR. Functional characterization of ion channels expressed in kidney organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F479-F491. [PMID: 35979965 PMCID: PMC9529267 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00365.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney organoids derived from human or rodent pluripotent stem cells have glomerular structures and differentiated/polarized nephron segments. Although there is an increasing understanding of the patterns of expression of transcripts and proteins within kidney organoids, there is a paucity of data regarding functional protein expression, in particular on transporters that mediate the vectorial transport of solutes. Using cells derived from kidney organoids, we examined the functional expression of key ion channels that are expressed in distal nephron segments: the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channel, the renal outer medullary K+ (ROMK, Kir1.1) channel, and the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). RNA-sequencing analyses showed that genes encoding the pore-forming subunits of these transporters, and for BKCa channels, key accessory subunits, are expressed in kidney organoids. Expression and localization of selected ion channels was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analysis. Electrophysiological analysis showed that BKCa and ROMK channels are expressed in different cell populations. These two cell populations also expressed other unidentified Ba2+-sensitive K+ channels. BKCa expression was confirmed at a single channel level, based on its high conductance and voltage dependence of activation. We also found a population of cells expressing amiloride-sensitive ENaC currents. In summary, our results show that human kidney organoids functionally produce key distal nephron K+ and Na+ channels.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our results show that human kidney organoids express key K+ and Na+ channels that are expressed on the apical membranes of cells in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron, including the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel, renal outer medullary K+ channel, and epithelial Na+ channel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aneta J Przepiorski
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shujie Shi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shaohu Sheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Catherine J Baty
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph C Maggiore
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marcelo D Carattino
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thitinee Vanichapol
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alan J Davidson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Neil A Hukriede
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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13
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Ruiter FAA, Morgan FLC, Roumans N, Schumacher A, Slaats GG, Moroni L, LaPointe VLS, Baker MB. Soft, Dynamic Hydrogel Confinement Improves Kidney Organoid Lumen Morphology and Reduces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Culture. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2200543. [PMID: 35567354 PMCID: PMC9284132 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids offer a promising solution to renal failure, yet current organoid protocols often lead to off-target cells and phenotypic alterations, preventing maturity. Here, various dynamic hydrogel architectures are created, conferring a controlled and biomimetic environment for organoid encapsulation. How hydrogel stiffness and stress relaxation affect renal phenotype and undesired fibrotic markers are investigated. The authors observe that stiff hydrogel encapsulation leads to an absence of certain renal cell types and signs of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas encapsulation in soft, stress-relaxing hydrogels leads to all major renal segments, fewer fibrosis or EMT associated proteins, apical proximal tubule polarization, and primary cilia formation, representing a significant improvement over current approaches to culture kidney organoids. The findings show that engineering hydrogel mechanics and dynamics have a decided benefit for organoid culture. These structure-property-function relationships can enable the rational design of materials, bringing us closer to functional engraftments and disease-modeling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor A. A. Ruiter
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Complex Tissue EngineeringMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERthe Netherlands
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Cell Biology‐Inspired Tissue EngineeringMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERthe Netherlands
| | - Francis L. C. Morgan
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Complex Tissue EngineeringMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERthe Netherlands
| | - Nadia Roumans
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Cell Biology‐Inspired Tissue EngineeringMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERthe Netherlands
| | - Anika Schumacher
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Cell Biology‐Inspired Tissue EngineeringMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERthe Netherlands
| | - Gisela G. Slaats
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine CologneUniversity of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneCologne50937Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneCologne50931Germany
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Complex Tissue EngineeringMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERthe Netherlands
| | - Vanessa L. S. LaPointe
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Cell Biology‐Inspired Tissue EngineeringMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERthe Netherlands
| | - Matthew B. Baker
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Complex Tissue EngineeringMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERthe Netherlands
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14
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Pode-Shakked N, Devarajan P. Human Stem Cell and Organoid Models to Advance Acute Kidney Injury Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137211. [PMID: 35806216 PMCID: PMC9266524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an increasingly common problem afflicting all ages, occurring in over 20% of non-critically ill hospitalized patients and >30% of children and >50% of adults in critical care units. AKI is associated with serious short-term and long-term consequences, and current therapeutic options are unsatisfactory. Large gaps remain in our understanding of human AKI pathobiology, which have hindered the discovery of novel diagnostics and therapeutics. Although animal models of AKI have been extensively studied, these differ significantly from human AKI in terms of molecular and cellular responses. In addition, animal models suffer from interspecies differences, high costs and ethical considerations. Static two-dimensional cell culture models of AKI also have limited utility since they have focused almost exclusively on hypoxic or cytotoxic injury to proximal tubules alone. An optimal AKI model would encompass several of the diverse specific cell types in the kidney that could be targets of injury. Second, it would resemble the human physiological milieu as closely as possible. Third, it would yield sensitive and measurable readouts that are directly applicable to the human condition. In this regard, the past two decades have seen a dramatic shift towards newer personalized human-based models to study human AKI. In this review, we provide recent developments using human stem cells, organoids, and in silico approaches to advance personalized AKI diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Pode-Shakked
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel;
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Prasad Devarajan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence:
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15
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Figetakis M, James KJ, Kosyakova N, Torres R, Chang WG. Human Amniotic Membrane as a Novel Scaffold for Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Kidney Organoids. ASAIO J 2022; 68:e73-e76. [PMID: 35503644 PMCID: PMC9065564 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Figetakis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Kevin J. James
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Natalia Kosyakova
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Richard Torres
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - William G. Chang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
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16
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Han X, Sun Z. Adult Mouse Kidney Stem Cells Orchestrate the De Novo Assembly of a Nephron via Sirt2-Modulated Canonical Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2104034. [PMID: 35315252 PMCID: PMC9130916 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Generation of kidney organoids using autologous kidney stem cells represents an attractive strategy for treating and potentially replacing the failing kidneys. However, whether adult mammalian kidney stem cells have regenerative capacity remains unknown. Here, previously unidentified adult kidney Sca1+ Oct4+ stem/progenitor cells are isolated. Interestingly, culturing these cells leads to generation of kidney-like structures. First, the assembly of self-organizing 3D kidney-like structures is observed. These kidney organoids contain podocytes, proximal tubules, and endothelial cells that form networks of capillary loop-like structures. Second, the differentiation of kidney stem cells into functionally mature tubules and self-organizing kidney-shaped structures in monolayer culture that selectively endocytoses dextran, is shown. Finally, the de novo generation of an entire self-organizing nephron from monolayer cultures is observed. Mechanistically, it is demonstrated that Sirt2-mediated canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling is critical for the development of kidney organoids. Thus, the first evidence is provided that the adult mouse kidney stem cells are capable of de novo generating kidney organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Han
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN38163USA
| | - Zhongjie Sun
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN38163USA
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17
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Long K, Vaughn Z, McDaniels MD, Joyasawal S, Przepiorski A, Parasky E, Sander V, Close D, Johnston PA, Davidson AJ, de Caestecker M, Hukriede NA, Huryn DM. Validation of HDAC8 Inhibitors as Drug Discovery Starting Points to Treat Acute Kidney Injury. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:207-215. [PMID: 35434532 PMCID: PMC9003639 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), a sudden loss of kidney function, is a common and serious condition for which there are no approved specific therapies. While there are multiple approaches to treat the underlying causes of AKI, no targets have been clinically validated. Here, we assessed a series of potent, selective competitive inhibitors of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8), a promising therapeutic target in an AKI setting. Using biochemical assays, zebrafish AKI phenotypic assays, and human kidney organoid assays, we show that selective HDAC8 inhibitors can lead to efficacy in increasingly stringent models. One of these, PCI-34051, was efficacious in a rodent model of AKI, further supporting the potential for HDAC8 inhibitors and, in particular, this scaffold as a therapeutic approach to AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Zoe Vaughn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Michael David McDaniels
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Sipak Joyasawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Aneta Przepiorski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Emily Parasky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Veronika Sander
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 1010
| | - David Close
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Paul A Johnston
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Alan J Davidson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 1010
| | - Mark de Caestecker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Neil A Hukriede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Donna M Huryn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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18
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Abstract
AKI affects approximately 13.3 million people around the world each year, causing CKD and/or mortality. The mammalian kidney cannot generate new nephrons after postnatal renal damage and regenerative therapies for AKI are not available. Human kidney tissue culture systems can complement animal models of AKI and/or address some of their limitations. Donor-derived somatic cells, such as renal tubule epithelial cells or cell lines (RPTEC/hTERT, ciPTEC, HK-2, Nki-2, and CIHP-1), have been used for decades to permit drug toxicity screening and studies into potential AKI mechanisms. However, tubule cell lines do not fully recapitulate tubular epithelial cell properties in situ when grown under classic tissue culture conditions. Improving tissue culture models of AKI would increase our understanding of the mechanisms, leading to new therapeutics. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can be differentiated into kidney organoids and various renal cell types. Injury to human kidney organoids results in renal cell-type crosstalk and upregulation of kidney injury biomarkers that are difficult to induce in primary tubule cell cultures. However, current protocols produce kidney organoids that are not mature and contain off-target cell types. Promising bioengineering techniques, such as bioprinting and "kidney-on-a-chip" methods, as applied to kidney nephrotoxicity modeling advantages and limitations are discussed. This review explores the mechanisms and detection of AKI in tissue culture, with an emphasis on bioengineered approaches such as human kidney organoid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bejoy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eddie S. Qian
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lauren E. Woodard
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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19
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Zhang W, Qi R, Li T, Zhang X, Shi Y, Xu M, Zhu T. Kidney Organoids as a Novel Platform to Evaluate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Acute Kidney Injury. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:766073. [PMID: 34912825 PMCID: PMC8666666 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.766073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is a life-threatening syndrome. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a widely used inducer for modeling SA-AKI both in vivo and in vitro. However, due to the innate complexity of the kidney architecture, the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of SA-AKI, as well as those involved in LPS-induced kidney injury remain to be clarified. Kidney organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) act as a model of multiple types of kidney cells in vitro and eliminate potential confounders in vivo. In the current study, we established LPS-induced kidney injury models both in vivo and in human kidney organoids. Kidney function, pathological changes, and markers of oxidative stress were evaluated with/without the presence of methylprednisolone (MP) treatment both in vivo and in vitro. The extent of LPS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in kidney organoids was further investigated in vitro. LPS-induced acute kidney injury in mice, together with pathological changes and increased oxidative stress, as well as enhanced apoptosis in kidney cells were evaluated. These phenomena were ameliorated by MP treatment. Experiments in kidney organoids showed that the LPS-induced apoptotic effects occurred mainly in podocytes and proximal tubular cells. Our experiments demonstrated the efficacy of using kidney organoids as a solid platform to study LPS-induced kidney injury. LPS induced oxidative stress as well as apoptosis in kidney cells independently of changes in perfusion or immune cell infiltration. MP treatment partially alleviated LPS-induced injury by reducing kidney cell oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruochen Qi
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuepeng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongyu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
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20
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Gong E, Perin L, Da Sacco S, Sedrakyan S. Emerging Technologies to Study the Glomerular Filtration Barrier. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:772883. [PMID: 34901088 PMCID: PMC8655839 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.772883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is characterized by loss of glomerular function with clinical manifestation of proteinuria. Identifying the cellular and molecular changes that lead to loss of protein in the urine is challenging due to the complexity of the filtration barrier, constituted by podocytes, glomerular endothelial cells, and glomerular basement membrane. In this review, we will discuss how technologies like single cell RNA sequencing and bioinformatics-based spatial transcriptomics, as well as in vitro systems like kidney organoids and the glomerulus-on-a-chip, have contributed to our understanding of glomerular pathophysiology. Knowledge gained from these studies will contribute toward the development of personalized therapeutic approaches for patients affected by proteinuric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Gong
- Division of Urology, GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Laura Perin
- Division of Urology, GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stefano Da Sacco
- Division of Urology, GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sargis Sedrakyan
- Division of Urology, GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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21
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Yanofsky SM, Dugas CM, Katsurada A, Liu J, Saifudeen Z, El-Dahr SS, Satou R. Angiotensin II biphasically regulates cell differentiation in human iPSC-derived kidney organoids. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F559-F571. [PMID: 34448643 PMCID: PMC8616599 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00134.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human kidney organoid technology holds promise for novel kidney disease treatment strategies and utility in pharmacological and basic science. Given the crucial roles of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and angiotensin II (ANG II) in the progression of kidney development and injury, we investigated the expression of RAS components and effects of ANG II on cell differentiation in human kidney organoids. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids were induced using a modified 18-day Takasato protocol. Gene expression analysis by digital PCR and immunostaining demonstrated the formation of renal compartments and expression of RAS components. The ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R) was strongly expressed in the early phase of organoid development (around day 0), whereas ANG II type 2 receptor (AT2R) expression levels peaked on day 5. Thus, the organoids were treated with 100 nM ANG II in the early phase on days 0-5 (ANG II-E) or during the middle phase on days 5-10 (ANG II-M). ANG II-E was observed to decrease levels of marker genes for renal tubules and proximal tubules, and the downregulation of renal tubules was inhibited by an AT1R antagonist. In contrast, ANG II-M increased levels of markers for podocytes, the ureteric tip, and the nephrogenic mesenchyme, and an AT2R blocker attenuated the ANG II-M-induced augmentation of podocyte formation. These findings demonstrate RAS expression and ANG II exertion of biphasic effects on cell differentiation through distinct mediatory roles of AT1R and AT2R, providing a novel strategy to establish and further characterize the developmental potential of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates angiotensin II exertion of biphasic effects on cell differentiation through distinct mediatory roles of angiotensin II type 1 receptor and type 2 receptor in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids, providing a novel strategy to establish and further characterize the developmental potential of the human kidney organoids.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Line
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Humans
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/drug effects
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Kidney/cytology
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Organoids/cytology
- Organoids/drug effects
- Organoids/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/agonists
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/agonists
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy M Yanofsky
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Courtney M Dugas
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Akemi Katsurada
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Zubaida Saifudeen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Samir S El-Dahr
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ryousuke Satou
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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22
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Wiraja C, Mori Y, Ichimura T, Hwang J, Xu C, Bonventre JV. Nephrotoxicity Assessment with Human Kidney Tubuloids using Spherical Nucleic Acid-Based mRNA Nanoflares. Nano Lett 2021; 21:5850-5858. [PMID: 34156251 PMCID: PMC9844158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity represents an important cause of acute kidney injury with associated patient morbidity and mortality and is often responsible for termination of drug development, after extensive resource allocation. We have developed a human kidney tubuloid system that phenocopies, in 3D culture, kidney proximal tubules, a primary injury site of most nephrotoxicants. Traditional end point assays are often performed on 2D cultures of cells that have lost their differentiated phenotype. Herein, we pair a tubuloid system with Nanoflare (NF) mRNA nanosensors to achieve a facile, real-time assessment of drug nephrotoxicity. Using kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) mRNA as a model injury biomarker, we verify NF specificity in engineered and adenovirus-transfected cells and confirm their efficacy to report tubular cell injury by aristolochic acid and cisplatin. The system also facilitates nephrotoxicity screening as demonstrated with 10 representative anticancer moieties. 5-Fluorouracil and paclitaxel induce acute tubular injury, as reflected by an NF signal increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wiraja
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Yutaro Mori
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Takaharu Ichimura
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jangsun Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Chenjie Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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23
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Gupta AK, Ivancic DZ, Naved BA, Wertheim JA, Oxburgh L. An efficient method to generate kidney organoids at the air-liquid interface. J Biol Methods 2021; 8:e150. [PMID: 34258308 PMCID: PMC8270790 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2021.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of kidney dysfunction continues to increase worldwide, driving the need to develop transplantable renal tissues. The kidney develops from four major renal progenitor populations: nephron epithelial, ureteric epithelial, interstitial and endothelial progenitors. Methods have been developed to generate kidney organoids but few or dispersed tubular clusters within the organoids hamper its use in regenerative applications. Here, we describe a detailed protocol of asynchronous mixing of kidney progenitors using organotypic culture conditions to generate kidney organoids tightly packed with tubular clusters and major renal structures including endothelial network and functional proximal tubules. This protocol provides guidance in the culture of human embryonic stem cells from a National Institute of Health-approved line and their directed differentiation into kidney organoids. Our 18-day protocol provides a rapid method to generate kidney organoids that facilitate the study of different nephrological events including in vitro tissue development, disease modeling and chemical screening. However, further studies are required to optimize the protocol to generate additional renal-specific cell types, interconnected nephron segments and physiologically functional renal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar Gupta
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - David Z. Ivancic
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Bilal A. Naved
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jason A. Wertheim
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Surgery, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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24
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Rizki-Safitri A, Traitteur T, Morizane R. Bioengineered Kidney Models: Methods and Functional Assessments. Function (Oxf) 2021; 2:zqab026. [PMID: 35330622 PMCID: PMC8788738 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations into bioengineering kidneys have been extensively conducted owing to their potential for preclinical assays and regenerative medicine. Various approaches and methods have been developed to improve the structure and function of bioengineered kidneys. Assessments of functional properties confirm the adequacy of bioengineered kidneys for multipurpose translational applications. This review is to summarize the studies performed in kidney bioengineering in the past decade. We identified 84 original articles from PubMed and Mendeley with keywords of kidney organoid or kidney tissue engineering. Those were categorized into 5 groups based on their approach: de-/recellularization of kidney, reaggregation of kidney cells, kidney organoids, kidney in scaffolds, and kidney-on-a-chip. These models were physiologically assessed by filtration, tubular reabsorption/secretion, hormone production, and nephrotoxicity. We found that bioengineered kidney models have been developed from simple cell cultures to multicellular systems to recapitulate kidney function and diseases. Meanwhile, only about 50% of these studies conducted functional assessments on their kidney models. Factors including cell composition and organization are likely to alter the applicability of physiological assessments in bioengineered kidneys. Combined with recent technologies, physiological assessments importantly contribute to the improvement of the bioengineered kidney model toward repairing and refunctioning the damaged kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astia Rizki-Safitri
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tamara Traitteur
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
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25
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Wang Q, Xiong Y, Zhang S, Sui Y, Yu C, Liu P, Li H, Guo W, Gao Y, Przepiorski A, Davidson AJ, Guo M, Zhang X. The Dynamics of Metabolic Characterization in iPSC-Derived Kidney Organoid Differentiation via a Comparative Omics Approach. Front Genet 2021; 12:632810. [PMID: 33643392 PMCID: PMC7902935 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.632810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in mini-tissue organoids provides an invaluable resource for regenerative medicine applications, particularly in the field of disease modeling. However, most studies using a kidney organoid model, focused solely on the transcriptomics and did not explore mechanisms of regulating kidney organoids related to metabolic effects and maturational phenotype. Here, we applied metabolomics coupled with transcriptomics to investigate the metabolic dynamics and function during kidney organoid differentiation. Not only did we validate the dominant metabolic alteration from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation in the iPSC differentiation process but we also showed that glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism had a regulatory role during kidney organoid formation and lineage maturation. Notably, serine had a role in regulating S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to facilitate kidney organoid formation by altering DNA methylation. Our data revealed that analysis of metabolic characterization broadens our ability to understand phenotype regulation. The utilization of this comparative omics approach, in studying kidney organoid formation, can aid in deciphering unique knowledge about the biological and physiological processes involved in organoid-based disease modeling or drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yucui Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufei Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunlai Yu
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubo Gao
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aneta Przepiorski
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alan J Davidson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Meijin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
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26
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van den Berg CW, Koudijs A, Ritsma L, Rabelink TJ. In Vivo Assessment of Size-Selective Glomerular Sieving in Transplanted Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Kidney Organoids. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:921-929. [PMID: 32354986 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019060573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utility of kidney organoids in regenerative medicine will rely on the functionality of the glomerular and tubular structures in these tissues. Recent studies have demonstrated the vascularization and subsequent maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids after renal subcapsular transplantation. This raises the question of whether the glomeruli also become functional upon transplantation. METHODS We transplanted kidney organoids under the renal capsule of the left kidney in immunodeficient mice followed by the implantation of a titanium imaging window on top of the kidney organoid. To assess glomerular function in the transplanted human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney tissue 1, 2, and 3 weeks after transplantation, we applied high-resolution intravital multiphoton imaging through the imaging window during intravenous infusion of fluorescently labeled low and high molecular mass dextran molecules or albumin. RESULTS After vascularization, glomerular structures in the organoid displayed dextran and albumin size selectivity across their glomerular filtration barrier. We also observed evidence of proximal tubular dextran reuptake. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that human pluripotent stem cell-derived glomeruli can develop an appropriate barrier function and discriminate between molecules of varying size. These characteristics together with tubular presence of low molecular mass dextran provide clear evidence of functional filtration. This approach to visualizing glomerular filtration function will be instrumental for translation of organoid technology for clinical applications as well as for disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathelijne W van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands .,Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Koudijs
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laila Ritsma
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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27
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Shankar AS, Du Z, Mora HT, van den Bosch TPP, Korevaar SS, Van den Berg-Garrelds IM, Bindels E, Lopez-Iglesias C, Clahsen-van Groningen MC, Gribnau J, Baan CC, Danser AHJ, Hoorn EJ, Hoogduijn MJ. Human kidney organoids produce functional renin. Kidney Int 2020; 99:134-147. [PMID: 32918942 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Renin production by the kidney is of vital importance for salt, volume, and blood pressure homeostasis. The lack of human models hampers investigation into the regulation of renin and its relevance for kidney physiology. To develop such a model, we used human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids to study the role of renin and the renin-angiotensin system in the kidney. Extensive characterization of the kidney organoids revealed kidney-specific cell populations consisting of podocytes, proximal and distal tubular cells, stromal cells and endothelial cells. We examined the presence of various components of the renin-angiotensin system such as angiotensin II receptors, angiotensinogen, and angiotensin-converting enzymes 1 and 2. We identified by single-cell sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and functional assays that cyclic AMP stimulation induces a subset of pericytes to increase the synthesis and secretion of enzymatically active renin. Renin production by the organoids was responsive to regulation by parathyroid hormone. Subcutaneously implanted kidney organoids in immunodeficient IL2Ry-/-Rag2-/- mice were successfully vascularized, maintained tubular and glomerular structures, and retained capacity to produce renin two months after implantation. Thus, our results demonstrate that kidney organoids express renin and provide insights into the endocrine potential of human kidney organoids, which is important for regenerative medicine in the context of the endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha S Shankar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Zhaoyu Du
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hector Tejeda Mora
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sander S Korevaar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Van den Berg-Garrelds
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Bindels
- Department of Haematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Lopez-Iglesias
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joost Gribnau
- Department of Developmental Biology and iPS Core Facility, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Stem cells hold great promise in regenerative medicine. Pluripotent stem cells have been differentiated into kidney organoids to understand human kidney development and to dissect renal disease mechanisms. Meanwhile, recent studies have explored the treatment of kidney diseases using a variety of cells, including mesenchymal stem cells and renal derivatives. This mini-review discusses the diverse mechanisms underlying current renal disease treatment via stem cell therapy. We postulate that clinical applications of stem cell therapy for kidney diseases can be readily achieved in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Guoping Fan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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29
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Hollywood JA, Przepiorski A, D'Souza RF, Sreebhavan S, Wolvetang EJ, Harrison PT, Davidson AJ, Holm TM. Use of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Kidney Organoids To Develop a Cysteamine/mTOR Inhibition Combination Therapy for Cystinosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:962-982. [PMID: 32198276 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019070712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in CTNS-a gene encoding the cystine transporter cystinosin-cause the rare, autosomal, recessive, lysosomal-storage disease cystinosis. Research has also implicated cystinosin in modulating the mTORC1 pathway, which serves as a core regulator of cellular metabolism, proliferation, survival, and autophagy. In its severest form, cystinosis is characterized by cystine accumulation, renal proximal tubule dysfunction, and kidney failure. Because treatment with the cystine-depleting drug cysteamine only slows disease progression, there is an urgent need for better treatments. METHODS To address a lack of good human-based cell culture models for studying cystinosis, we generated the first human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) and kidney organoid models of the disorder. We used a variety of techniques to examine hallmarks of cystinosis-including cystine accumulation, lysosome size, the autophagy pathway, and apoptosis-and performed RNA sequencing on isogenic lines to identify differentially expressed genes in the cystinosis models compared with controls. RESULTS Compared with controls, these cystinosis models exhibit elevated cystine levels, increased apoptosis, and defective basal autophagy. Cysteamine treatment ameliorates this phenotype, except for abnormalities in apoptosis and basal autophagy. We found that treatment with everolimus, an inhibitor of the mTOR pathway, reduces the number of large lysosomes, decreases apoptosis, and activates autophagy, but it does not rescue the defect in cystine loading. However, dual treatment of cystinotic iPSCs or kidney organoids with cysteamine and everolimus corrects all of the observed phenotypic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that combination therapy with a cystine-depleting drug such as cysteamine and an mTOR pathway inhibitor such as everolimus has potential to improve treatment of cystinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Hollywood
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Aneta Przepiorski
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Randall F D'Souza
- Discipline of Nutrition, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sreevalsan Sreebhavan
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ernst J Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Patrick T Harrison
- Department of Physiology, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan J Davidson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Teresa M Holm
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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30
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Digby JLM, Vanichapol T, Przepiorski A, Davidson AJ, Sander V. Evaluation of cisplatin-induced injury in human kidney organoids. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F971-F978. [PMID: 32150447 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00597.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a major global healthcare problem, and there is a need to develop human-based models to study AKI in vitro. Toward this goal, we have characterized induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human kidney organoids and their response to cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic drug that induces AKI and preferentially damages the proximal tubule. We found that a single treatment with 50 µM cisplatin induces hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) expression, DNA damage (γH2AX), and cell death in the organoids but greatly impairs organoid viability. DNA damage was not specific to the proximal tubule but also affected the distal tubule and interstitial cell populations. This lack of specificity correlated with low expression of proximal tubule-specific SLC22A2/organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) for cisplatin. To improve viability, we developed a repeated low-dose regimen of 4 × 5 µM cisplatin over 7 days and found this caused less toxicity while still inducing a robust injury response that included secretion of known AKI biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. This work validates the use of human kidney organoids to model aspects of cisplatin-induced injury, with the potential to identify new AKI biomarkers and develop better therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L M Digby
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thitinee Vanichapol
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Aneta Przepiorski
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alan J Davidson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Veronika Sander
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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31
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Steichen C, Giraud S, Hauet T. Combining Kidney Organoids and Genome Editing Technologies for a Better Understanding of Physiopathological Mechanisms of Renal Diseases: State of the Art. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:10. [PMID: 32118002 PMCID: PMC7010937 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells became a real alternative to the use of in vitro cellular models or in vivo animal models. Indeed, the comprehension of the key steps involved during kidney embryonic development led to the establishment of protocols enabling the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into highly complex and organized structures, composed of various renal cell types. These organoids are linked with one major application based on iPSC technology advantage: the possibility to control iPSC genome, by selecting patients with specific disease or by genome editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 system. This allows the generation of kidney organoïds which recapitulate important physiopathological mechanisms such as cyst formation in renal polycystic disease for example. This review will focus on studies combining these both cutting edge technologies i.e., kidney organoid differentiation and genome editing and will describe what are the main advances performed in the comprehension of physiopathological mechanisms of renal diseases, as well as discuss remaining technical barriers and perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Steichen
- INSERM U1082-IRTOMIT, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, France
| | - Sébastien Giraud
- INSERM U1082-IRTOMIT, Poitiers, France.,CHU Poitiers, Service de Biochimie, Poitiers, France
| | - Thierry Hauet
- INSERM U1082-IRTOMIT, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, France.,CHU Poitiers, Service de Biochimie, Poitiers, France
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32
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Misra PS, Silva E Silva V, Collister D. Roadblocks and Opportunities to the Implementation of Novel Therapies for Acute Kidney Injury: A Narrative Review. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2019; 6:2054358119880519. [PMID: 31636913 PMCID: PMC6787878 DOI: 10.1177/2054358119880519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex and heterogeneous clinical syndrome
with limited effective treatment options. Therefore, a coherent research
structure considering AKI pathophysiology, treatment, translation, and
implementation is critical to advancing patient care in this area. Purpose of review: In this narrative review, we discuss novel therapies for AKI from their
journey from bench to bedside to population and focus on roadblocks and
opportunities to their successful implementation. Sources of information: Peer-reviewed articles, opinion pieces from research leaders and research
funding agencies, and clinical and research expertise. Methods: This narrative review details the challenges of translation of preclinical
studies in AKI and highlights trending research areas and innovative designs
in the field. Key developments in preclinical research, clinical trials, and
knowledge translation are discussed. Furthermore, this article discusses the
current need to involve patients in clinical research and the barriers and
opportunities for effective knowledge translation. Key findings: Preclinical studies have largely been unsuccessful in generating novel
therapies for AKI, due both to the complexity and heterogeneity of the
disease, as well as the limitations of commonly available preclinical models
of AKI. The emergence of kidney organoid technology may be an opportunity to
reverse this trend. However, the roadblocks encountered at the bench have
not precluded researchers from running well-designed and impactful clinical
trials, and the field of renal replacement therapy in AKI is highlighted as
an area that has been particularly active. Meanwhile, knowledge translation
initiatives are bolstered by the presence of large administrative databases
to permit ongoing monitoring of clinical practices and outcomes, with
research output from such evaluations having the potential to directly
impact patient care and inform the generation of meaningful clinical
practice guidelines. Limitations: There are limited objective data examining the process of knowledge creation
and translation in AKI, and as such the opinions and research areas of the
authors are significantly drawn upon in the discussion. Implications: The use of an organized knowledge-to-action framework involving multiple
stakeholders, especially patient partners, is critical to translating basic
research findings to improvements in patient care in AKI, an area where
effective treatment options are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraish S Misra
- Kidney Research Scientist Core Education and National Training Program, Canada.,McEwen Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Silva E Silva
- Kidney Research Scientist Core Education and National Training Program, Canada.,The Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Canada.,School of Nursing, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,School of Nursing, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - David Collister
- Kidney Research Scientist Core Education and National Training Program, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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van den Berg CW, Ritsma L, Avramut MC, Wiersma LE, van den Berg BM, Leuning DG, Lievers E, Koning M, Vanslambrouck JM, Koster AJ, Howden SE, Takasato M, Little MH, Rabelink TJ. Renal Subcapsular Transplantation of PSC-Derived Kidney Organoids Induces Neo-vasculogenesis and Significant Glomerular and Tubular Maturation In Vivo. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:751-65. [PMID: 29503086 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived kidney organoids may facilitate disease modeling and the generation of tissue for renal replacement. Long-term application, however, will require transferability between hPSC lines and significant improvements in organ maturation. A key question is whether time or a patent vasculature is required for ongoing morphogenesis. Here, we show that hPSC-derived kidney organoids, derived in fully defined medium conditions and in the absence of any exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor, develop host-derived vascularization. In vivo imaging of organoids under the kidney capsule confirms functional glomerular perfusion as well as connection to pre-existing vascular networks in the organoids. Wide-field electron microscopy demonstrates that transplantation results in formation of a glomerular basement membrane, fenestrated endothelial cells, and podocyte foot processes. Furthermore, compared with non-transplanted organoids, polarization and segmental specialization of tubular epithelium are observed. These data demonstrate that functional vascularization is required for progressive morphogenesis of human kidney organoids.
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35
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Schmidt-Ott KM. How to grow a kidney: patient-specific kidney organoids come of age. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:17-23. [PMID: 27411722 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion of regrowing a patient's kidney in a dish has fascinated researchers for decades and has spurred visions of revolutionary clinical applications. Recently, this option has come closer to reality. Key technologies have been developed to generate patient-specific pluripotent stem cells and to edit their genome. Several laboratories have devised protocols to differentiate patient-specific pluripotent stem cells into kidney cells or into in vitro organoids that resemble the kidney with respect to cell types, tissue architecture and disease pathology. This was possible because of rapidly expanding knowledge regarding the cellular and molecular basis of embryonic kidney development. Generating kidney cells or organoids from patient-specific stem cells may prove to be clinically useful in several ways. First, patient-specific kidney cells or organoids could be used to predict an individual's response to stressors, toxins or medications and thereby develop personalized treatment decisions. Second, patient-specific stem cells harbour the individual's genetic defects. This may potentially enable genetic rescue attempts to establish the significance of a genetic defect in a stem cell-derived organoid or it may allow testing of patient-specific targeted therapies for kidney disease in vitro. From a tissue engineering perspective, patient-specific kidney organoids might provide a key advance towards engineering immunocompatible transplantable kidneys. This review article summarizes recent developments in the field and discusses its current limitations and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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36
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Xinaris C, Benedetti V, Novelli R, Abbate M, Rizzo P, Conti S, Tomasoni S, Corna D, Pozzobon M, Cavallotti D, Yokoo T, Morigi M, Benigni A, Remuzzi G. Functional Human Podocytes Generated in Organoids from Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1400-11. [PMID: 26516208 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating kidney organoids using human stem cells could offer promising prospects for research and therapeutic purposes. However, no cell-based strategy has generated nephrons displaying an intact three-dimensional epithelial filtering barrier. Here, we generated organoids using murine embryonic kidney cells, and documented that these tissues recapitulated the complex three-dimensional filtering structure of glomerular slits in vivo and accomplished selective glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption. Exploiting this technology, we mixed human amniotic fluid stem cells with mouse embryonic kidney cells to establish three-dimensional chimeric organoids that engrafted in vivo and grew to form vascularized glomeruli and tubular structures. Human cells contributed to the formation of glomerular structures, differentiated into podocytes with slit diaphragms, and internalized exogenously infused BSA, thus attaining in vivo degrees of specialization and function unprecedented for donor stem cells. In conclusion, human amniotic fluid stem cell chimeric organoids may offer new paths for studying renal development and human podocyte disease, and for facilitating drug discovery and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christodoulos Xinaris
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Valentina Benedetti
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Rubina Novelli
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Mauro Abbate
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sara Conti
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Susanna Tomasoni
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniela Corna
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Foundation Institute of Pediatric Research Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniela Cavallotti
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marina Morigi
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ariela Benigni
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy; Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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