1
|
Scherer G, Pluym N, Scherer M. Comparison of urinary mercapturic acid excretions in users of various tobacco/nicotine products. Drug Test Anal 2023; 15:1107-1126. [PMID: 36164275 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Urinary mercapturic acids (MAs) are detoxification products for electrophiles occurring in the human body. They are suitable biomarkers of exposure to directly acting electrophilic chemicals or to chemicals which generate the electrophile during its metabolism. We determined the urinary excretion of 19 MAs in habitual users of combustible cigarettes (CCs), electronic cigarettes (ECs), heated tobacco products (HTPs), oral tobacco (OT), and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products, and nonusers (NUs) of any tobacco/nicotine products. The 19 MAs are assumed to be physiologically formed primarily from 15 toxicants with three of them belonging to IARC Group 1 (human carcinogen), seven to Group 2A (probable human carcinogen), four to Group 2B (possible human carcinogen), and one to Group 3 (not classifiable as carcinogen). Smoking (CC) was found to be associated with significantly elevated exposure to ethylene oxide (or ethylene), 1,3-butadiene, benzene, dimethylformamide, acrolein, acrylamide, styrene, propylene oxide, acrylonitrile, crotonaldehyde, and isoprene compared with the other user groups and NU. Users of HTPs revealed slight elevation in the MAs related to acrolein, acrylamide, and crotonaldehyde compared with the other non-CC groups. Vaping (EC) was not found to be associated with any of the MAs studied. In conclusion, the determination of urinary MAs is a useful tool for assessing the exposure to toxicants (mainly potential carcinogens) in users of various tobacco/nicotine products. Our data also give cause to clarify the role of vaping (EC) in urinary excretion of DHPMA (precursor: glycidol).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Scherer
- ABF, Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Planegg, Germany
| | - Nikola Pluym
- ABF, Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Planegg, Germany
| | - Max Scherer
- ABF, Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Planegg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song W, Bian L, Xiong M, Duan Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Li B, Dai Y, Lu J, Li M, Liu Z, Liu S, Zhang L, Yao H, Shao R, Li G, Li L. Association of genetic polymorphisms with mercapturic acids in the urine of young healthy subjects before and after exposure to outdoor air pollution. Int J Environ Health Res 2023; 33:936-948. [PMID: 35469493 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2066068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to identify the relationship between variations in metabolic genes and human urinary changes in mercapturic acids (MAs), including CEMA, HMPMA, SPMA, HPMA and HEMA, before and after air pollution exposure. Genotype detection for 47 relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) collected by literature research was performed. Five MAs expression levels in the urinary samples of 50 young healthy individuals with short-term exposure to clean, polluted and purified air at five time points were detected by targeted online solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS), followed with associations of SNPs with MAs changes. Difference in MAs between polluted and clean/purified air was significantly associated with 21 SNPs mapped into 9 genes. Five SNPs in GSTP1 showed the most prominent association with the changes in SPMA expression, indicating that those SNPs in GSTP1 and SPMA might serve as biomarkers for susceptibility and the prognosis of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingjie Bian
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mengran Xiong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Duan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Dai
- Department of Bioinformatics Analysis & Technical Support, Shanghai Lu Ming Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Department of Bioinformatics Analysis & Technical Support, Shanghai Lu Ming Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shigang Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Hongjuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Rongguang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Guangxi Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xie Z, Chen JY, Gao H, Keith RJ, Bhatnagar A, Lorkiewicz P, Srivastava S. Global Profiling of Urinary Mercapturic Acids Using Integrated Library-Guided Analysis. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:10563-10573. [PMID: 37432892 PMCID: PMC11064822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Urinary mercapturic acids (MAs) are often used as biomarkers for monitoring human exposures to occupational and environmental xenobiotics. In this study, we developed an integrated library-guided analysis workflow using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. This method includes expanded assignment criteria and a curated library of 220 MAs and addresses the shortcomings of previous untargeted approaches. We employed this workflow to profile MAs in the urine of 70 participants─40 nonsmokers and 30 smokers. We found approximately 500 MA candidates in each urine sample, and 116 MAs from 63 precursors were putatively annotated. These include 25 previously unreported MAs derived mostly from alkenals and hydroxyalkenals. Levels of 68 MAs were comparable in nonsmokers and smokers, 2 MAs were higher in nonsmokers, and 46 MAs were elevated in smokers. These included MAs of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and hydroxyalkenals and those derived from toxicants present in cigarette smoke (e.g., acrolein, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, acrylamide, benzene, and toluene). Our workflow allowed profiling of known and unreported MAs from endogenous and environmental sources, and the levels of several MAs were increased in smokers. Our method can also be expanded and applied to other exposure-wide association studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhi Xie
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Jin Y Chen
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Hong Gao
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Rachel J Keith
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Department Center for Cardiometabolic Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mervant L, Tremblay-Franco M, Olier M, Jamin E, Martin JF, Trouilh L, Buisson C, Naud N, Maslo C, Héliès-Toussaint C, Fouché E, Kesse-Guyot E, Hercberg S, Galan P, Deschasaux-Tanguy M, Touvier M, Pierre F, Debrauwer L, Guéraud F. Urinary Metabolome Analysis Reveals Potential Microbiota Alteration and Electrophilic Burden Induced by High Red Meat Diet: Results from the French NutriNet-Santé Cohort and an In Vivo Intervention Study in Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200432. [PMID: 36647294 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE High red and processed meat consumption is associated with several adverse outcomes such as colorectal cancer and overall global mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms remain debated and need to be elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS Urinary untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics data from 240 subjects from the French cohort NutriNet-Santé are analyzed. Individuals are matched and divided into three groups according to their consumption of red and processed meat: high red and processed meat consumers, non-red and processed meat consumers, and at random group. Results are supported by a preclinical experiment where rats are fed either a high red meat or a control diet. Microbiota derived metabolites, in particular indoxyl sulfate and cinnamoylglycine, are found impacted by the high red meat diet in both studies, suggesting a modification of microbiota by the high red/processed meat diet. Rat microbiota sequencing analysis strengthens this observation. Although not evidenced in the human study, rat mercapturic acid profile concomitantly reveals an increased lipid peroxidation induced by high red meat diet. CONCLUSION Novel microbiota metabolites are identified as red meat consumption potential biomarkers, suggesting a deleterious effect, which could partly explain the adverse effects associated with high red and processed meat consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Mervant
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, 31077, France.,French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France
| | - Marie Tremblay-Franco
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Maïwenn Olier
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France
| | - Emilien Jamin
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Jean-Francois Martin
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Lidwine Trouilh
- Plateforme Genome et Transcriptome (GeT-Biopuces), Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université ide Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse, F-31077, France
| | - Charline Buisson
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France
| | - Nathalie Naud
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France
| | - Claire Maslo
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France
| | - Cécile Héliès-Toussaint
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France
| | - Edwin Fouché
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France.,Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAe U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, Bobigny, 93017, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France.,Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAe U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, Bobigny, 93017, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAe U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, Bobigny, 93017, France
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France.,Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAe U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, Bobigny, 93017, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France.,Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAe U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, Bobigny, 93017, France
| | - Fabrice Pierre
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Francoise Guéraud
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Erber L, Goodman S, Jokipii Krueger CC, Rusyn I, Tretyakova N. Quantitative NanoLC/NSI +-HRMS Method for 1,3-Butadiene Induced bis-N7-guanine DNA-DNA Cross-Links in Urine. Toxics 2021; 9:247. [PMID: 34678943 PMCID: PMC8540193 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Butadiene (BD) is a common environmental and industrial chemical widely used in plastic and rubber manufacturing and also present in cigarette smoke and automobile exhaust. BD is classified as a known human carcinogen based on evidence of carcinogenicity in laboratory animals treated with BD by inhalation and epidemiological studies revealing an increased risk of leukemia and lymphohematopoietic cancers in workers occupationally exposed to BD. Upon exposure via inhalation, BD is bioactivated to several toxic epoxides including 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (EB), 3,4-epoxy-1,2-butanediol (EBD), and 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB); these are conjugated with glutathione and excreted as 2-(N-acetyl-L-cystein-S-yl)-1-hydroxybut-3-ene/1-(N-acetyl-L-cystein-S-yl)-2-hydroxybut-3-ene (MHBMA), 4-(N-acetyl-L-cystein-S-yl)-1,2-dihydroxybutane (DHBMA), and 1,4-bis-(N-acetyl-L-cystein-S-yl)butane-2,3-diol (bis-BDMA). Exposure to DEB generates monoalkylated DNA adducts, DNA-DNA crosslinks, and DNA-protein crosslinks, which can cause base substitutions, genomic rearrangements, and large genomic deletions. In this study, we developed a quantitative nanoLC/NSI+-HRMS methodology for 1,4-bis-(gua-7-yl)-2,3-butanediol (bis-N7G-BD) adducts in urine (LOD: 0.1 fmol/mL urine, LOQ: 1.0 fmol/mL urine). This novel method was used to quantify bis-N7G-BD in urine of mice treated with 590 ± 150 ppm BD for 2 weeks (6 h/day, 5 days/week). Bis-N7G-BD was detected in urine of male and female BD-exposed mice (574.6 ± 206.0 and 571.1 ± 163.4 pg/mg of creatinine, respectively). In addition, major urinary metabolites of BD, bis-BDMA, MHBMA and DHBMA, were measured in the same samples. Urinary bis-N7G-BD adduct levels correlated with DEB-derived metabolite bis-BDMA (r = 0.80, Pearson correlation), but not with the EB-derived DNA adducts (EB-GII) or EB-derived metabolites MHBMA and DHBMA (r = 0.24, r = 0.14, r = 0.18, respectively, Pearson correlations). Urinary bis-N7G-BD could be employed as a novel non-invasive biomarker of exposure to BD and bioactivation to its most mutagenic metabolite, DEB. This method will be useful for future studies of 1,3-butadiene exposure and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Erber
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (L.E.); (C.C.J.K.)
| | - Samantha Goodman
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Caitlin C. Jokipii Krueger
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (L.E.); (C.C.J.K.)
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Natalia Tretyakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (L.E.); (C.C.J.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Frigerio G, Campo L, Mercadante R, Mielżyńska-Švach D, Pavanello S, Fustinoni S. Urinary Mercapturic Acids to Assess Exposure to Benzene and Other Volatile Organic Compounds in Coke Oven Workers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E1801. [PMID: 32164281 PMCID: PMC7084241 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Coke production was classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Besides polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, coke oven workers may be exposed to benzene and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The aim of this study was to assess the exposure to several VOCs in 49 coke oven workers and 49 individuals living in the same area by determining urinary mercapturic acids. Active tobacco smoking was an exclusion criterion for both groups. Mercapturic acids were investigated by a validated isotopic dilution LC-MS/MS method. Linear models were built to correct for different confounding variables. Urinary levels of N-acetyl-S-phenyl-L-cysteine (SPMA) (metabolite of benzene), N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxy-1/2-phenylethyl)-L-cysteine (PHEMA) (metabolite of styrene), N-acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine (CEMA) (metabolite of acrylonitrile), N-acetyl-S-[1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-propen-1-yl)-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxy-3-buten-1-yl)-L-cysteine (MHBMA) (metabolites of 1,3-butadiene) were 2-10 fold higher in workers than in controls (p < 0.05). For SPMA, in particular, median levels were 0.02 and 0.31 µg/g creatinine in workers and controls, respectively. Among workers, coke makers were more exposed to PHEMA and SPMA than foremen and engine operators. The comparison with biological limit values shows that the exposure of workers was within 20% of the limit values for all biomarkers, moreover three subjects exceeded the restrictive occupational limit value recently proposed by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) for SPMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Frigerio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Campo
- Environmental and Industrial Toxicology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Mercadante
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Danuta Mielżyńska-Švach
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, WST University of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
| | - Sofia Pavanello
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Fustinoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Environmental and Industrial Toxicology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen JG, Johnson J, Egner P, Ng D, Zhu J, Wang JB, Xue XF, Sun Y, Zhang YH, Lu LL, Chen YS, Wu Y, Zhu YR, Carmella S, Hecht S, Jacobson L, Muñoz A, Kensler K, Rule A, Fahey J, Kensler T, Groopman J. Dose-dependent detoxication of the airborne pollutant benzene in a randomized trial of broccoli sprout beverage in Qidong, China. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:675-684. [PMID: 31268126 PMCID: PMC6736426 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airborne pollutants have collectively been classified as a known human carcinogen and, more broadly, affect the health of hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Benzene is a frequent component of air pollution, and strategies to protect individuals against unavoidable exposure to this and other airborne carcinogens could improve the public's health. Earlier clinical trials in Qidong, China, demonstrated efficacy in enhancing the detoxication of benzene using a broccoli sprout beverage. OBJECTIVES A randomized, placebo-controlled, multidose trial of a broccoli sprout beverage was designed to determine the lowest effective concentration that enhances benzene detoxication adjudged by enhanced excretion of the urinary biomarker, S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA). METHODS Following informed consent, 170 subjects were randomly assigned in 5 blocks of 34 each to drink either a placebo beverage (n = 55) or 1 of 3 graded concentrations of a broccoli sprout beverage [full (n = 25), one-half (n = 35), and one-fifth (n = 55)] for 10 consecutive days. Concentrations of SPMA arising through induced benzene conjugation with glutathione were quantified by MS in sequential 12-h overnight urine collections during the intervention. RESULTS MS was also used to quantify urinary sulforaphane metabolites in each dosing regimen that resulted in a median 24-h urinary output of 24.6, 10.3, and 4.3 µmol, respectively, confirming a dose-dependent de-escalation of the inducing principle within the beverage. A statistically significant increase in benzene mercapturic acids in urine was found for the high-dose group (+63.2%) during the 10-d period. The one-half dose (+11.3%) and one-fifth dose groups (-6.4%) were not significantly different from placebo controls. CONCLUSIONS An intervention with a broccoli sprout beverage enhanced the detoxication of benzene, an important airborne pollutant, when dosed at a concentration evoking a urinary elimination of ∼25 µmol sulforaphane metabolites per day, and it portends a practical and frugal population-based strategy to attenuate associated long-term health risks of air pollution. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02656420.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, China
| | - Jamie Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patricia Egner
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Derek Ng
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, China
| | - Jin-Bing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, China
| | - Xue-Feng Xue
- Department of Epidemiology, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, China
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, China
| | - Ling-Ling Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, China
| | - Yuan-Rong Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, China
| | - Steven Carmella
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lisa Jacobson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alvaro Muñoz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Kensler
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Rule
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jed Fahey
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Kensler
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John Groopman
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Address correspondence to J-DG (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
St Helen G, Jacob P, Peng M, Dempsey DA, Hammond SK, Benowitz NL. Intake of toxic and carcinogenic volatile organic compounds from secondhand smoke in motor vehicles. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2774-82. [PMID: 25398951 PMCID: PMC4257856 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volatile organic compounds (VOC) from tobacco smoke are associated with cancer, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. The objective of this study was to characterize the exposure of nonsmokers to VOCs from secondhand smoke (SHS) in vehicles using mercapturic acid metabolites. METHODS Fourteen nonsmokers were individually exposed in the backseat to one hour of SHS from a smoker seated in the driver's seat who smoked three cigarettes at 20-minute intervals in a stationary car with windows opened by 10 cm. Baseline and 0- to 8-hour postexposure mercapturic acid metabolites of nine VOCs were measured in urine. Air-to-urine VOC ratios were estimated on the basis of respirable particulate matter (PM2.5) or air nicotine concentration, and lifetime excess risk (LER) of cancer death from exposure to acrylonitrile, benzene, and 1,3-butadiene was estimated for adults. RESULTS The greatest increase in 0- to 8-hour postexposure concentrations of mercapturic acids from baseline was MHBMA-3 (parent, 1,3-butadiene; 2.1-fold), then CNEMA (acrylonitrile; 1.7-fold), PMA (benzene; 1.6-fold), MMA (methylating agents; 1.6-fold), and HEMA (ethylene oxide; 1.3-fold). The LER of cancer death from exposure to acrylonitrile, benzene, and 1,3-butadiene in SHS for 5 hours a week ranged from 15.5 × 10(-6) to 28.1 × 10(-6) for adults, using air nicotine and PM2.5 to predict air VOC exposure, respectively. CONCLUSION Nonsmokers have significant intake of multiple VOCs from breathing SHS in cars, corresponding to health risks that exceed the acceptable level. IMPACT Smoking in cars may be associated with increased risks of cancer, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases among nonsmokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gideon St Helen
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, California. Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Peyton Jacob
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, California. Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Margaret Peng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Delia A Dempsey
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - S Katharine Hammond
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Neal L Benowitz
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, California. Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California. Departments of Medicine, and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carmella SG, Chen M, Han S, Briggs A, Jensen J, Hatsukami DK, Hecht SS. Effects of smoking cessation on eight urinary tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:734-41. [PMID: 19317515 PMCID: PMC2704054 DOI: 10.1021/tx800479s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We determined the persistence at various times (3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, and 56 days) of eight tobacco smoke carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers in the urine of 17 smokers who stopped smoking. The biomarkers were 1-hydroxy-2-(N-acetylcysteinyl)-3-butene (1) and 1-(N-acetylcysteinyl)-2-hydroxy-3-butene (2) [collectively called MHBMA for monohydroxybutyl mercapturic acid] and 1,2-dihydroxy-4-(N-acetylcysteinyl)butane (3) [DHBMA for dihydroxybutyl mercapturic acid], metabolites of 1,3-butadiene; 1-(N-acetylcysteinyl)-propan-3-ol (4, HPMA for 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid), a metabolite of acrolein; 2-(N-acetylcysteinyl)butan-4-ol (5, HBMA for 4-hydroxybut-2-yl mercapturic acid), a metabolite of crotonaldehyde; (N-acetylcysteinyl)benzene (6, SPMA for S-phenyl mercapturic acid), a metabolite of benzene; (N-acetylcysteinyl)ethanol (7, HEMA for 2-hydroxyethyl mercapturic acid), a metabolite of ethylene oxide; 1-hydroxypyrene (8) and its glucuronides (1-HOP), metabolites of pyrene; and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (9) and its glucuronides (total NNAL), a biomarker of exposure to 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). These biomarkers represent some of the major carcinogens and toxicants in cigarette smoke: 1,3-butadiene, acrolein, crotonaldehyde, benzene, ethylene oxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and NNK. With the exception of DHBMA, levels of which did not change after cessation of smoking, all other biomarkers decreased significantly after 3 days of cessation (P < 0.001). The decreases in MHBMA, HPMA, HBMA, SPMA, and HEMA were rapid, nearly reaching their ultimate levels (81-91% reduction) after 3 days. The decrease in total NNAL was gradual, reaching 92% after 42 days, while reduction in 1-HOP was variable among subjects to about 50% of baseline. Since DHBMA did not change upon smoking cessation, there appear to be sources of this metabolite other than 1,3-butadiene. The results of this study demonstrate that the tobacco smoke carcinogen/toxicant biomarkers MHBMA, HPMA, HBMA, SPMA, HEMA, 1-HOP, and NNAL are related to smoking and are good indicators of the impact of smoking on human exposure to 1,3-butadiene, acrolein, crotonaldehyde, benzene, ethylene oxide, PAH, and NNK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven G. Carmella
- Masonic Cancer Center and Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Menglan Chen
- Masonic Cancer Center and Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Shaomei Han
- Masonic Cancer Center and Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Anna Briggs
- Masonic Cancer Center and Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Joni Jensen
- Masonic Cancer Center and Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Dorothy K. Hatsukami
- Masonic Cancer Center and Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center and Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| |
Collapse
|