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Ge S, Zhou Y, Li C, Zhang M. Retinal Vascular Oxygen Saturation in a Sample of Chinese Myopic Adults. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:13. [PMID: 37943542 PMCID: PMC10637196 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.14.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the normal retinal vascular oxygen saturation and to elucidate the factors affecting it or associated with it in a Chinese population. Methods This was a population-based observational cross-sectional study. Chinese myopic adults aged 18 to 45 years old were enrolled. Spherical equivalent (SE) and ocular biometry, including average keratometry (K), central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, and axial length, were measured. The retinal arteriolar (SaO2) and venous (SvO2) oxygen saturation were measured after pupil dilatation. Results A total of 1373 participants were enrolled, and the mean age, SE, SaO2, and SvO2, were 26.31 ± 6.93 years, -6.40 ± 3.12 D, 93.47% ± 1.58%, and 63.08% ± 4.46%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, SaO2, SvO2, and retinal arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference (AVD) were significantly correlated with age (β = 0.077, P = 0.006 for SaO2 and β = 0.080, P = 0.006 for AVD) and SE (β = 0.220, P < 0.001 for SaO2; β = 0.131, P < 0.001 for SvO2; and β = -0.050, P = 0.048 for AVD, respectively). Higher SaO2 was associated with larger K values (β = 0.094, P = 0.001). Conclusions SaO2 increased with older age, lower myopia, and larger K values, older age was associated with higher SaO2 and AVD, and SvO2 decreased with the deepening of myopia. Our present study provided normative values for healthy Chinese myopic adults with different myopic refractive errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ge
- Beijing Ming Vision and Ophthalmology, Beijing, China
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuehua Zhou
- Beijing Ming Vision and Ophthalmology, Beijing, China
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Li
- Beijing Ming Vision and Ophthalmology, Beijing, China
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxu Zhang
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Hübnerová P, Karhanová M, Krhovská P, Minařík J, Mlčák P, Pašková B, Schreiberová Z, Šínová I, Zapletalová J, Šín M. Retinal oxygen saturation in monoclonal gammopathies patients: A pilot study. Acta Ophthalmol 2023; 101:e143-e153. [PMID: 36004612 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this pilot study was to assess oxygen saturation in retinal blood vessels in patients with monoclonal gammopathies (MGs). METHODS Thirty-one patients with MGs (11 women and 20 men, mean age 65.9 ± 8.9 years) were enrolled during 2016-2020. The patients were diagnosed at the Haemato-Oncology Department and subsequently examined at the Ophthalmology Department before initiating systemic therapy. All patients were subjected to automatic retinal oximetry (Oxymap ehf.) and had their fundus photographed (Topcon TRC-50DX retinal camera). We assessed the association between retinal oxygen saturation (SatO2 ) - arterial SatO2 , venous SatO2 and arterio-venous (AV) difference-and MGs parameters: serum monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-protein) level and serum immunoglobulin-free light chains (FLC kappa and lambda), total protein, serum viscosity, haemoglobin, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, creatinine and serum calcium level. Hyperviscosity-related retinopathy was also evaluated. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.462; p = 0.009) between the AV difference and the haemoglobin level. A significant, medium strong negative correlation was found between the AV difference and the serum levels of the monoclonal light lambda chains (r = -0.450; p = 0.011). Contrary to expectations, no statistically significant correlation was found between retinal oxygen saturation and the total protein or viscosity. CONCLUSION This study found correlation between retinal oxygen saturation and certain parameters in the blood of patients with MGs. Increasing levels of monoclonal immunoglobulin seem to reduce oxygen absorption in retinal arterioles, resulting in a lower AV difference, particularly in patients with a high free light chain level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hübnerová
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Karhanová
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Krhovská
- Department of Haemato-oncology, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Minařík
- Department of Haemato-oncology, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mlčák
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Pašková
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Schreiberová
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Šínová
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zapletalová
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šín
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Ophthalmology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Military University Hospital Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Hommer N, Kallab M, Sim YC, Lee AX, Chua J, Tan B, Schlatter A, Werkmeister RM, Schmidl D, Schmetterer L, Garhöfer G. Effect of hyperoxia and hypoxia on retinal vascular parameters assessed with optical coherence tomography angiography. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e1272-e1279. [PMID: 34881512 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the response of the superficial and deep capillary plexuses to hyperoxia and hypoxia using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and retinal vessel analyzer. METHODS Twenty-four healthy volunteers participated in this randomized, double-masked, cross-over study. For each subject, two study days were scheduled: on one study day, hyperoxia was induced by breathing 100% oxygen whereas on the other study day, hypoxia was induced by breathing a mixture of 88% nitrogen and 12% oxygen. Perfusion density was calculated in the superficial vascular plexus (SVP) and the deep capillary plexus (DCP), using OCT-A before (normal breathing) and during breathing of the gas mixtures. Retinal vessel calibres in major retinal vessels were measured using a dynamic vessel analyzer. RESULTS During 100% oxygen breathing, a significant decrease in DCP perfusion density from 41.7 ± 2.4 a.u to 35.6 ± 3.1 a.u. (p < 0.001) was observed, which was accompanied by a significant decrease in vessel diameters in major retinal arteries and veins (p < 0.001 each). No significant change in perfusion density in the SVP occurred (p = 0.33). In contrast, during hypoxia, perfusion density in the SVP significantly increased from 34.4 ± 3.0 a.u. to 37.1 ± 2.2 a.u. (p < 0.001), while it remained stable in the DCP (p = 0.25). A significant increase in retinal vessel diameters was found (p < 0.01). Systemic oxygen saturation correlated negatively with perfusion density in the SVP and the DCP and retinal vessel diameters (p < 0.005 each). CONCLUSION Our results show that systemic hyperoxia induces a significant decrease in vessel density in the DCP, while hypoxia leads to increased vessel density limited to the SVP. These results indicate that the retinal circulation shows the ability to adapt its blood flow to metabolic changes with high local resolution dependent on the capillary plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Hommer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Kallab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yin Ci Sim
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ashe Xy Lee
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jacqueline Chua
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bingyao Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE), Singapore, Singapore.,School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andreas Schlatter
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,VIROS - Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery - Karl Landsteiner Institute, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - René M Werkmeister
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doreen Schmidl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Schmetterer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Garhöfer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Jeppesen SK, Bek T. Lack of predictive value of retinal oxygen saturation for visual outcome after angiostatic treatment of branch retinal vein occlusion. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e737-e742. [PMID: 34318599 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that the retinal oxygen saturation in central retinal vein occlusion treated with anti-VEGF compound has no predictive value for visual outcome after 12 months. It is of interest to evaluate whether this conclusion is similar for patients with branch retinal vein occlusion among whom only some patients are treated. METHODS Retinal oxygen saturation, visual acuity and central retinal thickness were studied at the time of referral and after six and 12 months in 111 patients successively referred to the Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, with a venous occlusion affecting branches peripheral from the central retinal venule. The predictive value of the oxygen saturation at referral was investigated in treated and untreated patients. RESULTS Seventy-three patients with visual acuity between 35 and 70 ETDRS letters at referral were treated with intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF compound. Over 12 months, the venous oxygen saturation improved in parallel with central retinal thickness and visual acuity but had no predictive value for visual outcome. In 12 untreated patients with visual acuity >70 ETDRS letters, younger age and high oxygen saturation at the time of referral were positive predictors for the visual outcome after 12 months. CONCLUSION Oxygen saturation, visual acuity and central retinal thickness improve in parallel during treatment of branch retinal vein occlusion with intravitreal anti-VEGF medication. Retinal oximetry at referral cannot predict visual acuity after 12 months in treated patients but may perhaps become a tool for predicting the visual prognosis in a subgroup of patients where treatment is omitted because of a too high visual acuity at the time of diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Krejberg Jeppesen
- Department of Ophthalmology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus N Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus N Denmark
| | - Toke Bek
- Department of Ophthalmology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus N Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus N Denmark
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Weigert G, Georgopoulos M, Buehl W, Maccora K, Aliyeva L, Steiner I, Schmidt‐Erfurth U, Sacu S. The influence of retinal oxygen saturation and choroidal volume on postoperative outcomes in patients with epiretinal membrane. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e743-e752. [PMID: 34396704 PMCID: PMC9291286 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of vitrectomy (Vy) with or without same time cataract surgery and membrane plus internal limiting membrane peeling (MP+ILMP) on retinal oxygenation and choroidal volume and their role on postoperative outcome. Methods Thirty‐two eyes were included in this prospective clinical study. All patients received 23 gauge Vy+MP+ILMP without endotamponade. Additional cataract surgery was performed in 14 patients. Follow‐up visits were scheduled at day 1, week 1, month 1 and month 3. At each visit, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using ETDRS charts (except at day 1), oxygenation of retinal vessels using the Oxymap T1, and optical coherence tomography (OCT, Heidelberg Spectralis) was performed. Results Mean BCVA increased significantly from 73 ± 11 letters to 77 ± 7 letters at month 3 (p = 0.02). Mean central retinal thickness (CRT) decreased from 456 ± 84 µm at baseline to 418±58µm (p = 0.01 baseline versus month 3). In the cataract surgery group, CRT was higher at month 3 than in the group without (400 ± 58 µm versus 441 ± 51 µm; p = 0.007). There was no statistically significant difference in choroidal volume or oxygenation of retinal vessels between groups (additional cataract surgery versus vitrectomy alone). Oxygenation of retinal arteries tended to decrease at day 1 followed by an increase, but the changes did not reach the level of significance (p = 0.29 baseline versus month 3). Oxygenation of retinal veins increased significantly (p = 0.02 baseline versus month 1; p = 0.04 baseline versus month 3, accordingly). There was a significant negative correlation (Spearman correlation coefficient rs = −0.35, p = 0.047) between visual acuity and oxygenation of retinal veins at month 3. No statistically significant correlation was found between CRT and oxygenation of neither retinal arteries nor veins. Choroidal volume (CV) of the central mm did not change significantly during the study period (baseline: 0.203 ± 0.04 mm3, median: 0.206, month 3: 0.205 ± 0.04 mm3, p = 0.54). There was no statistically significant effect of choroidal volume at baseline on postoperative clinical outcomes (change in BCVA estimate [95% CI]: 7 [−76; 90], p = 0.86; change in CRT: 147 [−577; 871], p = 0.68). Conclusion Oxygen saturation may affect the visual acuity outcome but not the CRT in patients after vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane. Choroidal thickness had no statistically significant influence on the study outcomes. Further studies are needed to evaluate if the measurement of retinal oxygenation may be helpful in the decision for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Weigert
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Wolf Buehl
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Vienna Clinical Trial Center Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Katia Maccora
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Vienna Clinical Trial Center Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Leyla Aliyeva
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Vienna Clinical Trial Center Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Irene Steiner
- CeMSIIS Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems Section for Medical Statistics Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Stefan Sacu
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Vienna Clinical Trial Center Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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6
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Feng X, Yu Y, Zou D, Jin Z, Zhou C, Liu G, Fujimoto JG, Li C, Lu Y, Ren Q. Functional imaging of human retina using integrated multispectral and laser speckle contrast imaging. J Biophotonics 2022; 15:e202100285. [PMID: 34726828 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel integration of retinal multispectral imaging (MSI), retinal oximetry and laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is presented for functional imaging of retinal blood vessels that could potentially allow early detection or monitoring of functional changes. We designed and built a cost-effective, scalable, retinal imaging instrument that integrates structural and functional retinal imaging techniques, including MSI, retinal oximetry and LSCI. Color fundus imaging was performed with 470 nm, 550 nm and 600 nm wavelength light emitting diode (LED) illumination. Retinal oximetry was performed using 550 nm and 600 nm LED illumination. LSCI of blood flow was performed using 850 nm laser diode illumination at 82 frames per second. LSCI can visualize retinal and choroidal vasculature without requiring exogenous contrast agents and can provide time-resolved information on blood flow, generating a cardiac pulse waveform from retinal vasculature. The technology can rapidly acquire structural MSI images, retinal oximetry and LSCI blood flow information in a simplified clinical workflow without requiring patients to move between instruments. Results from multiple modalities can be combined and registered to provide structural as well as functional information on the retina. These advances can reduce barriers for clinical adoption, accelerating research using MSI, retinal oximetry and LSCI of blood flow for diagnosis, monitoring and elucidating disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing, China
| | - Da Zou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Jin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanqing Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gangjun Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - James G Fujimoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Changhui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yanye Lu
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiushi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing, China
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7
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Belamkar AV, Jabbehdari S, Harris A, Hajrasouliha AR. Clinical implications of retinal oximetry in retinal vein occlusion: a review. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 100:624-631. [PMID: 34845846 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and its relationship with retinal oxygen saturation via automated retinal oximetry in eyes with RVO. METHODS A literature review was performed in PubMed and Medline until October 2021 utilizing specific keywords and cross-matched reference lists. RESULTS This review found RVO to be associated with risk factors including age, hypertension, cardiovascular and metabolic conditions, male gender, and glaucoma. These may be attributed to a breakdown of regulatory processes in the retina. Retinal venous oxygen saturation (SvO2 ) and arteriovenous difference in eyes with central RVO have been found to be reduced and elevated, respectively. The literature indicates variable and contradictory findings in regard to branch RVO and retinal oxygenation. Additionally, ischaemic eyes have been found to have elevated retinal arterial oxygen saturation; however, the literature reports variable results regarding SvO2 levels. Medications have been suggested to increase SvO2 in RVO eyes, which may represent an important mechanism for disease management. Ranibizumab is currently the most studied drug for retinal oxygenation in RVO and has been suggested to increase SvO2 in RVO eyes. In comparison, dexamethasone was found to decrease SvO2 . CONCLUSION The current literature on retinal oxygenation in ischaemic subtypes of RVO and in drug therapies is minimal, and further work is required to expand upon our understanding of how ischaemia and drugs influence retinal oxygenation and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya V. Belamkar
- Glick Eye Institute Department of Ophthalmology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Sayena Jabbehdari
- Jones Eye Institute University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA
| | - Alon Harris
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Ophthalmic Vascular Diagnostic and Research Program at Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York USA
| | - Amir R. Hajrasouliha
- Glick Eye Institute Department of Ophthalmology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
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8
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Krejberg Jeppesen S, Sín M, Hakon Hardarson S, Bek T. Retinal oximetry does not predict 12-month visual outcome after anti-VEGF treatment for central retinal vein occlusion: A multicentre study. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e1141-e1145. [PMID: 33421320 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) entails retinal hypoxia that often causes visual impairment. It has been shown that oxygen saturation in larger retinal vessels correlates with the visual acuity at the time of diagnosis of CRVO but has no predictive value for the visual outcome in patients treated with anti-VEGF medication after 3 months. However, assessing the predictive value of retinal oxygen saturation after 12 months is essential because this is when the main restitution after CRVO occurs. METHODS Retinal oximetry was performed in 117 patients referred with CRVO to three European centres. The correlation between oxygen saturation and visual acuity at baseline and the predictive value of oxygen saturation in larger retinal vessels for the 12-month visual outcome after treatment with anti-VEGF medication were studied. RESULTS In the affected eye, the oxygen saturation was significantly higher in the arterioles, significantly lower in the venules, and the arterio-venous (A-V) significantly higher than in the unaffected eye (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Correlations between best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and oxygen saturations were moderate and negative for arterioles (p < 0.001), positive for venules (p = 0.03) and negative for the A-V difference (p = 0.001). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), but not oxygen saturation or the other explanatory variables at baseline, contributed significantly to predicting BCVA after 12 months. CONCLUSION Retinal vessel oxygen saturation is affected in CRVO, and saturation correlates with BCVA. However, retinal oximetry cannot replace measures of visual function as a predictor of visual outcome after 12 months of anti-VEGF treatment for CRVO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Sín
- Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and dentistry Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic
- Department of Ophthalmology Military University Hospital Prague First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Toke Bek
- Department of Ophthalmology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus N Denmark
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9
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Kallab M, Hommer N, Schlatter A, Bsteh G, Altmann P, Popa-Cherecheanu A, Pfister M, Werkmeister RM, Schmidl D, Schmetterer L, Garhöfer G. Retinal Oxygen Metabolism and Haemodynamics in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and History of Optic Neuritis. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:761654. [PMID: 34712117 PMCID: PMC8546107 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.761654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular changes and alterations of oxygen metabolism are suggested to be implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis and progression. Recently developed in vivo retinal fundus imaging technologies provide now an opportunity to non-invasively assess metabolic changes in the neural retina. This study was performed to assess retinal oxygen metabolism, peripapillary capillary density (CD), large vessel density (LVD), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPLT) in patients with diagnosed relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) and history of unilateral optic neuritis (ON). 16 RMS patients and 18 healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. Retinal oxygen extraction was modeled using O2 saturations and Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) derived retinal blood flow (RBF) data. CD and LVD were assessed using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. RNFLT and GCIPLT were measured using structural OCT. Measurements were performed in eyes with (MS+ON) and without (MS-ON) history for ON in RMS patients and in one eye in HC. Total oxygen extraction was lowest in MS+ON (1.8 ± 0.2 μl O2/min), higher in MS-ON (2.1 ± 0.5 μl O2/min, p = 0.019 vs. MS+ON) and highest in HC eyes (2.3 ± 0.6 μl O2/min, p = 0.002 vs. MS, ANOVA p = 0.031). RBF was lower in MS+ON (33.2 ± 6.0 μl/min) compared to MS-ON (38.3 ± 4.6 μl/min, p = 0.005 vs. MS+ON) and HC eyes (37.2 ± 4.7 μl/min, p = 0.014 vs. MS+ON, ANOVA p = 0.010). CD, LVD, RNFLT and GCIPL were significantly lower in MS+ON eyes. The present data suggest that structural alterations in the retina of RMS patients are accompanied by changes in oxygen metabolism, which are more pronounced in MS+ON than in MS-ON eyes. Whether these alterations promote MS onset and progression or occur as consequence of disease warrants further investigation. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov registry, NCT03401879.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kallab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Hommer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schlatter
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery (VIROS), Karl Landsteiner Institute, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel Bsteh
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Altmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alina Popa-Cherecheanu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Martin Pfister
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Applied Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - René M Werkmeister
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doreen Schmidl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Schmetterer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE), Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Garhöfer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE To inform about possible use of the automatic retinal oximetry for the retinal oxygen saturation measurement in the eye and systemic diseases. METHODS We performed a literature review dealing with issues of retinal oxygen saturation monitoring by dual non-invasive retinal oximetry Oxymap T1 (Oxymap ehf. Reykjavík, Iceland). RESULTS We have found two main strains writing our paper on retinal oxygen saturation eye diseases. The first section concerns diseases created by having hypoxia as its main pathological factor - for example diabetes mellitus and retinal vein occlusion. The second group deals with atrophy as the main pathological mechanism which is typical for decreasing retinal oxygen consumption - for example glaucoma or retinitis pigmentosa (the second one named is not included in our work). Oximetry in systemic diseases creates a relatively new chapter of this branch with a very big potential of interdisciplinary cooperation for the future. It is possible the cooperation will not only include diabetologists but also neurologists (for example, in diseases like sclerosis multiplex or Devics, Alzheimers and Parkinsons disease) and haematologists (retinal oxygen saturation changes in patients with different rheological attributes of blood). CONCLUSION Retinal oxygen saturation measuring by automatic retinal oximetry is a relatively new method with scientifically confirmed high reproducibility of results. Currently it is the only experimental method with vast potentials not only in the realm of the possibility of observing eye diseases (diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion or glaucoma) but also in developing interdisciplinary cooperation with diabetologists, neurologists and haematologists.
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11
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Li H, Liu W, Dong B, Kaluzny JV, Fawzi AA, Zhang HF. Snapshot hyperspectral retinal imaging using compact spectral resolving detector array. J Biophotonics 2017; 10:830-839. [PMID: 27434875 PMCID: PMC5063234 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral retinal imaging captures the light spectrum from each imaging pixel. It provides spectrally encoded retinal physiological and morphological information, which could potentially benefit diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of retinal diseases. The key challenges in hyperspectral retinal imaging are how to achieve snapshot imaging to avoid motions between the images from multiple spectral bands, and how to design a compact snapshot imager suitable for clinical use. Here, we developed a compact, snapshot hyperspectral fundus camera for rodents using a novel spectral resolving detector array (SRDA), on which a thin-film Fabry-Perot cavity filter was monolithically fabricated on each imaging pixel. We achieved hyperspectral retinal imaging with 16 wavelength bands (460 to 630 nm) at 20 fps. We also demonstrated false-color vessel contrast enhancement and retinal oxygen saturation (sO2 ) measurement through spectral analysis. This work could potentially bring hyperspectral retinal imaging from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Wenzhong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Biqin Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Joel V. Kaluzny
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amani A. Fawzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Corresponding authors: ;
| | - Hao F. Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Corresponding authors: ;
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12
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Yang JY, You B, Wang Q, Chan SY, Jonas JB, Wei WB. Retinal vessel oxygen saturation in healthy subjects and early branch retinal vein occlusion. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:267-270. [PMID: 28251087 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.02.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To measure the retinal oxygen saturation in healthy subjects and early branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) in Chinese population. METHODS The retinal vessel oxygen saturation of the healthy subjects and BRVO patients were measured by a noninvasive retinal oximeter (Oxymap ehf., Reykjavik, Iceland). RESULTS The study included 22 patients with unilateral BRVO (mean age: 55.1±8.8y) in the study group and 91 healthy participants (mean age: 37.5±14.0y) in the control group. In the healthy individuals, mean arterial and venous oxygen saturation were significantly (P<0.001) higher in the superior nasal quadrant (98.5%±10.1% and 57.3%±8.7%, respectively) than in the inferior nasal quadrant (94.2%±9.0% and 54.1%±9.6%, respectively), followed by the superior temporal quadrant (89.1%±10.1% and 51.9%±8.9%, respectively) and the inferior temporal quadrant (86.4%±9.4% and 46.6%±9.6%, respectively). In patients with ischemic BRVO, arterial oxymetric values were significantly higher and venous measurements significantly lower for the affected vessel (107.5%±9.7% and 46.4%±14.2%, respectively) than the unaffected vessel in the same eye (99.2%±12.2% and 55.5%±7.9%, respectively) and as compared to the vessel in the unaffected fellow eye (93.1%±6.9% and 55.7%±6.8%) (P=0.005 and P=0.02, respectively). In the patients with non-ischemic BRVO, mean venous oxygen saturation was lower in the affected vein (39.8%±12.2%) than in the unaffected vessels of the same eye (50.8%±10.5%) and in the fellow eye (58.21%±5.7%) (P=0.03). Mean arterial oxygen saturation did not differ significantly (P=0.42) between all three groups. CONCLUSION In patients with BRVO, the venous oxygen saturation in the affected vessels is decreased potentially due to decreased blood velocity and flow. Interestingly, the arterial oxygen saturation in eyes with ischemic BRVO is increased in the affected arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yan Yang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bing You
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Szy Yann Chan
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Mannheim 69047, Germany
| | - Wen-Bin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing 100730, China
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13
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Liu X, Wang S, Liu Y, Liu LJ, Lv YY, Tang P, Jonas JB, Xu L. Retinal oxygen saturation in Chinese adolescents. Acta Ophthalmol 2017; 95:e54-e61. [PMID: 27807947 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the retinal oxygen saturation in normal eyes of Chinese adolescents. METHODS Performing retinal oximetry with the Oxymap T1 Retinal Oximeter in healthy children and adolescents (aged 5-18 years old), we measured the arterial (SaO2 ) and venular (SvO2 ) oxygen saturation and the arteriovenous difference in oxygen saturation (Sa-vO2 ). RESULTS The study included 122 individuals with a mean age of 13.0 ± 2.9 years (range: 5-18 years) and a mean refractive error of -3.25 ± 2.49 dioptres (range:-8.88 to +3.13 dioptres). Mean SaO2 , SvO2 and Sa-vO2 was 85.5 ± 7.1%, 48.2 ± 5.5% and 37.3 ± 6.5%, respectively. Mean SaO2 was significantly (p < 0.001) the lowest in the inferotemporal quadrant (79.1 ± 9.0%), followed by the superotemporal quadrant (83.4 ± 9.7%), the inferonasal quadrant (90.4 ± 10.6%) and the superonasal quadrant (93.4 ± 10.8%). In a similar manner, the values of the SvO2 were the lowest (p < 0.001) in the inferotemporal quadrant (42.1 ± 8.3%), followed by the superotemporal quadrant (47.8 ± 7.2%), the inferonasal quadrant (52.3 ± 8.4%) and the superonasal quadrant (55.1 ± 7.6%). Arteriovenous difference in oxygen saturation (Sa-vO2 ) did not differ significantly (all p > 0.05) between the fundus quadrants. In multiple linear regression analysis, SaO2 increased (regression coefficient r2 = 0.28) with older age (standardized regression coefficient β: 0.23; p = 0.01) and more myopic refractive error (β: -0.39; p < 0.001). Higher SvO2 was significantly correlated with more myopic refractive error (β: -0.46; p < 0.001; r2 = 0.20), while Sa-vO2 increased significantly only with older age in the multivariate analysis (β: 0.26; p = 0.01; r2 = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides normative data for Chinese children and adolescents who showed lower values than adults for SaO2 and SvO2 . SaO2 increased with older age and higher myopic refractive error, SvO2 increased with higher myopic refractive error, and Sa-vO2 increased with older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Yi Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Li Juan Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Yan Yun Lv
- Beijing Tongren Vision Care Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Ping Tang
- Beijing Tongren Vision Care Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Jost B. Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Department of Ophthalmology; Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg; Mannheim Germany
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
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14
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether differences exist in oxygen supply to the optic nerve head (ONH) from the retinal and choroidal vascular layers in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) using multispectral imaging (MSI).This ia an observational, cross-sectional study.Multispectral images were acquired from 38 eyes of 19 patients with POAG, and 42 healthy eyes from 21 matched volunteers with Annidis' RHA multispectral digital ophthalmoscopy. Superficial and deeper oxygen saturation of the optic disc was represented by the mean gray scale values on the retinal and choroidal oxy-deoxy maps, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed to detect differences in ONH oxygen saturation between the 2 groups. Oxygen saturation levels in the eyes of POAG patients with severe glaucoma were compared to those of fellow eyes from the same subjects. Linear correlation analysis was performed to assess the association between ONH oxygen saturation and systemic and ocular parameters.No statistical difference was found in retinal and choroidal oxygen saturation between the POAG and control groups. In the glaucoma patients, retinal oxygen saturation was lower for eyes with worse visual fields than in those with good visual fields (t = 4.009, P = 0.001). In POAG patients, retinal oxygen saturation was dependent on mean defect of visual field and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) (r = 0.511, 0.504, P = 0.001, 0.001, respectively), whereas the choroid vasculature oxygen saturation was inversely related to RNFLT (r = -0.391, P = 0.015). An age-dependent increase in retinal oxygen saturation was found for both the POAG and control groups (r = 0.473, 0.410, P = 0.007, 0.003, respectively).MSI revealed a significant correlation between functional and structural impairments in glaucoma and retinal oxygen saturation. MSI could provide objective assessments of perfusion impairments of the glaucomatous ONH. This is a preliminary indication of the effectiveness of MSI for studying POAG.
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15
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Wang J, Gao X, Du S, Li X, Huang W, Zhou M, Wang W, Chen S, Zhang Y, Gao Q, Zhang X. Aqueous humor concentration of VEGF and retinal oxygen saturation after unilateral acute primary angle closure. Acta Ophthalmol 2016; 94:380-5. [PMID: 25604675 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in aqueous humor in patients with unilateral acute primary angle closure (APAC) and retinal oxygen saturation (SO2 ) after trabeculectomy. METHODS Twelve patients, with unilateral trabeculectomy-required APAC, were recruited as the study group. Aqueous humor samples were collected prospectively for every subject. VEGF concentrations were analysed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and retinal SO2 was measured using oximeter (Reykjavik, Iceland) at 1 month after trabeculectomy. RESULTS In the APAC eyes, the mean aqueous humor concentration of VEGF was 388.4 ± 260.1 pg/ml and positively correlated with preoperative intraocular pressure (ρ = 0.658, p = 0.020). In the normal controls, the mean SO2 levels in the larger arterioles and venules were 93.0 ± 5.9% and 59.5 ± 5.4% and the arteriovenous [A-V] difference was 33.5 ± 6.3%. In the study group, the arteriolar SO2 at 1 month after surgery (97.6 ± 19.4%, p = 0.147) did not differ significantly from the values in the control group. However, the mean venular SO2 was significantly lower than the control eyes (50.0 ± 9.1% versus 59.5 ± 5.4%, p = 0.004), and a remarkable increased A-V difference (47.6 ± 22.7% versus 33.5 ± 6.3%) was found in the APAC eyes (p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Lower venular SO2 and increased A-V difference existed in the APAC eyes after surgery, and it is possible that the saturation was even lower during the attack. Together with the elevated VEGF concentrations in aqueous humor, these provided indirect evidence that ocular hypoxia was constantly present during APAC attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xinbo Gao
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Shaolin Du
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xingyi Li
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Wenbin Huang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Minwen Zhou
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Wei Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Sida Chen
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Qianying Gao
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiulan Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
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16
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Ramm L, Jentsch S, Peters S, Sauer L, Augsten R, Hammer M. Dependence of diameters and oxygen saturation of retinal vessels on visual field damage and age in primary open-angle glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol 2016; 94:276-81. [PMID: 25876673 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the interrelationship between the oxygen supply of the retina and its regulation with the severity of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS Central retinal artery (CRAE) and vein (CRVE) diameters and oxygen saturation of peripapillary retinal vessels in 41 patients suffering from POAG (64.1 ± 12.9 years) and 40 healthy volunteers (63.6 ± 14.1 years) were measured using the retinal vessel analyzer. All measures were taken before and during flicker light stimulation. The mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) was determined by OCT and the visual field mean defect (MD) was identified using perimetry. RESULTS In glaucoma patients, CRAE (r = -0.48 p = 0.002) and CRVE (r = -0.394 p = 0.014) at baseline were inversely related to MD, while arterial and venous oxygen saturation showed no significant dependence on the severity of the damage. However, the flicker light-induced change in arterio-venous difference in oxygen saturation was correlated with the MD (r = 0.358 p = 0.027). The diameters of arteries and veins at baseline decreased with reduction of the mean RNFLT (arteries: r = 0.718 p < 0.001; veins: r = 0.685 p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Vessel diameters showed a strong correlation with RNFLT and MD. This, as well as the reduction of stimulation-induced change in arterio-venous oxygen saturation difference with visual field loss, may be explained by a reduction of the retinal metabolic demand with progressive loss of neuronal tissue in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ramm
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Hospital Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Susanne Jentsch
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Hospital Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Sven Peters
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Hospital Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Lydia Sauer
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Hospital Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Regine Augsten
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Hospital Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Martin Hammer
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Hospital Jena; Jena Germany
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17
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Mohan A, Dabir S, Kurian M, Shetty R, Chidambara L, Kumar RS. Perivascular and Quadrant Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Its Relationship with Oxygen Saturation. Curr Eye Res 2016; 41:1223-8. [PMID: 26765040 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1104361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study whether there exists a relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and oxygen saturation and to identify whether perivascular thickness (pRNFL) or quadrant thickness (qRNFL) has a stronger correlation. METHODS Patients without any detectable ocular abnormality on complete ophthalmic evaluation underwent non-invasive photo-spectrometric retinal oximetry on the Oxymap T1 retinal oximeter (Oxymap hf, Reykjavik, Iceland) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to determine if the pRNFL (Spectralis, Heidelberg, Germany) and the qRNFL (RtVue, Optovue) correlated with the measured light intensities and the calculated retinal oxygen saturations. RESULTS 30 eyes of 30 patients (120 arterioles, 120 venules) were included in the study. The mean arteriolar saturations (%) were temporal: 84.5 (95% CI 82.7-86.3) and nasal: 93.5 (95% CI 91.0-95.8); venous saturations were temporal: 54.4 (95% CI 52.9-55.9) and nasal: 59.9 (95% CI 58.3-61.4). The mean pRNFL thickness (µm) around arterioles was temporal: 153.1 (95% CI 146-159) and nasal: 109.4 (95% CI 103-115); around venules it was temporal: 147.4 (95% CI 140-154) and nasal: 101.2 (95% CI 95-107). The oxygen saturations correlated significantly with pRNFL (arteriolar r = -0.514; p < 0.001 and venous r = -0.513; p < 0.001) but did not show a significant correlation with qRNFL values. CONCLUSION This relationship between perivascular RNFL could be physiological or artifactual. If physiological, it would explain and form the basis of altered oxygen saturation in a multitude of diseases. If artifactual, it would necessitate the incorporation of a pRNFL correction. However, the results of this study enable us to expect increased saturation in areas of thinner RNFL or vice versa with the current methodology of retinal vessel oximetry as obtained by dual-wavelength photo-spectrometric fundus imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Mohan
- a Narayana Nethralaya , Bangalore , Karnataka , India
| | - Supriya Dabir
- a Narayana Nethralaya , Bangalore , Karnataka , India
| | - Mathew Kurian
- a Narayana Nethralaya , Bangalore , Karnataka , India
| | - Rohit Shetty
- a Narayana Nethralaya , Bangalore , Karnataka , India
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