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Liu J, Liu F, Luo X, Chen M, Wang C, Wang L, Chen H. Gibson assembly interposition improves amplification efficiency of long DNA and multifragment overlap extension PCR. Biotechniques 2023. [PMID: 37254749 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2023-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For difficult overlap extension PCR, a Gibson assembly process was inserted between the two PCR rounds to facilitate the formation of complete gene templates at a moderate temperature. That is, after amplifying each DNA fragment, they were preluded by a Gibson assembly process in equal proportion. Then, the assembled mixture was used as a template for the second PCR round. This idea was tested and verified by taking the cloning example of a single and a double site mutation of the retinoblastoma gene. This scheme associates overlap extension PCR with Gibson assembly exquisitely, significantly improving gene amplification efficiency, particularly in the fusion of long genes and multifragments using overlap extension PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang, 441053, China
| | - Fangyin Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Xueer Luo
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang, 441053, China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang, 441053, China
| | - Chengjun Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang, 441053, China
| | - Liuyue Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang, 441021, China
| | - Huabo Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang, 441053, China
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang, 441021, China
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Elagali AM, Suliman AA, Altayeb M, Dannoun AI, Parine NR, Sakr HI, Suliman HS, Motawee ME. Human papillomavirus, gene mutation and estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 38:43. [PMID: 33854672 PMCID: PMC8017370 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.43.22013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction recent studies show a good relationship between breast cancer (BC) and human papillomaviruses (HPV) wich is responsible for about 18% of BC cases. This study aimed to assess the relationship between different genotypes of HPV and the expression of P53 and retinoblastoma (RB) genes and estrogen and progesterone receptors in BC among Sudanese women. Methods one hundred and fifty tissue blocks were obtained from females diagnosed with BC. Positive samples were used to determine genotypes with an applied biosystem (ABI 3730XL) genetic analyzer for sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Results 13/150 samples showed HPV DNA. High-risk HPV-16 was detected in 5 cases, high-risk-HPV-58 was found in four cases, and HPV-18 was detected in three cases. Low-risk-HPV-11 was detected in a single invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) case. P53 and RB gene mutations were detected in 35 and 30 BC cases, respectively. P53 gene mutation was frequently identified in grade (III) BC while RB gene mutation was positive in grade (II). Grade (II) BC had a higher incidence of HPV-16 and 58. On the other hand, HPV-18 had a higher incidence in grade (III). Estrogen and progesterone receptors were expressed in 94 and 79 HPV cases among the study group, respectively. Conclusion this study elucidates the associations between HPV genotypes and BC. A statistically significant association was observed among p53 and RB gene mutations and different BC histological types. On the other hand, there was a statistically insignificant association between HPV genotyping and different BC gradings, BC histological types, P53 and RB genes mutations, and estrogen and progesterone receptor expression. Also, there was a statistically insignificant association among estrogen and progesterone receptors expression and BC grading. RB gene mutation was significantly associated with different BC grades. On the other hand, there was a statistically insignificant association between progesterone receptor expression and BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Mohammed Elagali
- Faculty of Medicine, Batterjee Medical College of Science and Technology, Jeddah, KSA.,Histopathology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Graduate Study and Scientific Research, National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ahmed Abdelbadie Suliman
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Almadinah Almonawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Altayeb
- Faculty of Medicine, Batterjee Medical College of Science and Technology, Jeddah, KSA.,Molecular Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, KSA
| | - Anas Ibrahim Dannoun
- Molecular Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, KSA
| | - Narasimha Reddy Parine
- Medical Genetics Department, Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Hader Ibrahim Sakr
- Physiology Department, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
| | - Howayda Saeed Suliman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Xiao J, Ma M, Liang M, He R, Chen H. [Site-directed mutagenesis of long gene by partial amplification combining with double fragments ligation]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2020; 36:1232-1240. [PMID: 32597073 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.190476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Overlap extension PCR is a common method for site-directed mutagenesis. As objective gene sequence growing longer, it is often difficult to obtain the target product in the second round of PCR, and it is highly possible to introduce unexpected mutations into a long gene fragment by PCR. To circumvent these problems, we can only amplify a small gene fragment which contain the target mutation by overlap extension PCR, and then ligate it with vector to get target plasmid. If the restriction site at the end of the amplified fragment was not a single one on plasmid vector, double fragments ligation method could be used to construct target plasmid. Partial amplification, combined with double fragments ligation, could solve lots of problems in long gene mutagenesis. Taking retinoblastoma gene 1 S780E mutagenesis as an example, it is difficult to amplify whole retinoblastoma gene 1 by overlap extension PCR because of long fragment interfering the overlapping extension of second round PCR. However, it is relatively easy to amplify the F3 (1 968-2 787) fragment which contains target mutation S780E. There is a Nhe I site which can be used for ligation on 5' end of F3 fragment, but another Nhe I site on the plasmid restrained from doing so directly. In order to circumvent this obstacle, we ligated F3 fragment, combining with F2 (900-1 968) fragment which was digested from wild type plasmid, with the vector which contain F1 (1-900) fragment of the gene. That double fragments ligated with one vector at the same time, though less efficient, can recombine into a complete plasmid. The sequences of the two selected recombinant plasmids were consistent with the target mutation, which verified the feasibility of this scheme. As an improvement of overlap extension PCR, partial amplification and double fragments ligation methods could provide solutions for site directed mutagenesis of many long genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiao
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, Hubei, China
| | - Mengqi Ma
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, Hubei, China
| | - Mingxing Liang
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, Hubei, China
| | - Ruyang He
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, Hubei, China
| | - Huabo Chen
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, Hubei, China
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Oser MG, Fonseca R, Chakraborty AA, Brough R, Spektor A, Jennings RB, Flaifel A, Novak JS, Gulati A, Buss E, Younger ST, McBrayer SK, Cowley GS, Bonal DM, Nguyen QD, Brulle-Soumare L, Taylor P, Cairo S, Ryan CJ, Pease EJ, Maratea K, Travers J, Root DE, Signoretti S, Pellman D, Ashton S, Lord CJ, Barry ST, Kaelin WG. Cells Lacking the RB1 Tumor Suppressor Gene Are Hyperdependent on Aurora B Kinase for Survival. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:230-247. [PMID: 30373918 PMCID: PMC6368871 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 15% of lung cancers and is almost always linked to inactivating RB1 and TP53 mutations. SCLC frequently responds, albeit briefly, to chemotherapy. The canonical function of the RB1 gene product RB1 is to repress the E2F transcription factor family. RB1 also plays both E2F-dependent and E2F-independent mitotic roles. We performed a synthetic lethal CRISPR/Cas9 screen in an RB1 -/- SCLC cell line that conditionally expresses RB1 to identify dependencies that are caused by RB1 loss and discovered that RB1 -/- SCLC cell lines are hyperdependent on multiple proteins linked to chromosomal segregation, including Aurora B kinase. Moreover, we show that an Aurora B kinase inhibitor is efficacious in multiple preclinical SCLC models at concentrations that are well tolerated in mice. These results suggest that RB1 loss is a predictive biomarker for sensitivity to Aurora B kinase inhibitors in SCLC and perhaps other RB1 -/- cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: SCLC is rarely associated with actionable protooncogene mutations. We did a CRISPR/Cas9-based screen that showed that RB1 -/- SCLC are hyperdependent on AURKB, likely because both genes control mitotic fidelity, and confirmed that Aurora B kinase inhibitors are efficacious against RB1 -/- SCLC tumors in mice at nontoxic doses.See related commentary by Dick and Li, p. 169.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 151.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Oser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raquel Fonseca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abhishek A Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel Brough
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Spektor
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca B Jennings
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abdallah Flaifel
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jesse S Novak
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aditi Gulati
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Buss
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Scott T Younger
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Samuel K McBrayer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn S Cowley
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dennis M Bonal
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Paula Taylor
- IMED Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Colm J Ryan
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Kim Maratea
- IMED Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jon Travers
- IMED Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Pellman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Ashton
- IMED Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon T Barry
- IMED Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William G Kaelin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Lerebours A, Chapman E, Lyons BP, Bignell JP, Stentiford GD, Rotchell JM. Hepatocellular adenoma in a European flatfish (Limanda limanda): Genetic alterations in laser-capture micro-dissected tissue and global transcriptomic approach. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 119:120-127. [PMID: 28473212 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver tumours in flatfish have been diagnosed using histopathology for decades to monitor the impacts of marine pollution. Here we describe the application of specific gene (retinoblastoma, Rb) profiling in laser capture micro-dissected samples, and a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) approach to isolate differentially expressed genes in hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) samples from dab, Limanda limanda. The Rb profiles from apparently normal and HCA micro-dissected samples of fish from the North Sea showed no significant difference, and genotypic heterogeneity within defined histological phenotypes was observed. In the SSH, sequences associated with cell signalling, cell cycle, gene expression regulation, protein transport and protein degradation were isolated. These included up-regulation of arrestin domain containing 3 (arrdc3), Rac-1 and tribbles, and down-regulation of ankyrin repeat/sterile alpha-motif domain-containing protein 1B-like (ANKS1B-like), c-fos, CDKN1B and RhoA-like sequences, previously implicated in mammalian HCA. This study offers new candidates involved in fish liver tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélaïde Lerebours
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Chapman
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Brett P Lyons
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - John P Bignell
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Jeanette M Rotchell
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcomas are rare uterine tumors with leiomyosarcomas and endometrial stromal sarcomas constituting the predominant entities often making their first appearance in young and middle-aged women. By histology combined with immunostaining alone some of these tumors can offer diagnostic challenges e.g. for the differential diagnosis between leiomyosarcomas and smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP). Areas covered: Recent advances in the genetic classification and subclassification, respectively, have shown that genetic markers can offer a valuable adjunct to conventional diagnostic tools. Herein, we will review these recent data from the literature also referring to genetic alterations found in STUMP, endometrial stromal nodules, and leiomyomas including their variants. Expert commentary: For the future, we consider genetic classification as a necessary step in the clinical management of these tumors which will help not only to improve the diagnosis but also the therapy of these malignancies often associated with a worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Rommel
- a Center for Human Genetics , University of Bremen , Bremen , Germany
| | - Carsten Holzmann
- b Institute of Medical Genetics , University Rostock Medical Center , Rostock , Germany
| | - Jörn Bullerdiek
- b Institute of Medical Genetics , University Rostock Medical Center , Rostock , Germany
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Jin J, Li X, Xing L, Chang Y, Wu L, Jin Z, Su X, Bai Y, Zheng Y, Jiang Y, Zhao X, Lu L, Gao Q. Addition of all-trans-retinoic acid to omeprazole and sucralfate therapy improves the prognosis of gastric dysplasia. J Int Med Res 2015; 43:204-16. [PMID: 25631875 DOI: 10.1177/0300060514559791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in human gastric dysplasia. METHODS In this double-blind study, patients with precancerous gastric dysplasia with or without intestinal metaplasia (IM) received either conventional treatment consisting of omeprazole and sucralfate (control group) or conventional treatment plus ATRA. Gastric mucosal biopsies were performed before and after drug treatment and were analysed histologically; expression of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and HER2 protein in gastric mucosa were measured using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A total of 122 patients were included in the study, 63 in the ATRA group and 59 in the control group. In the ATRA group, dysplasia was attenuated in 43 out of 63 patients (68%) compared with 22 out of 59 patients (37%) in the control group; however, IM was not affected by treatment in either group. ATRA treatment was associated with significantly increased Rb expression and decreased HER2 expression in gastric mucosa. CONCLUSIONS The use of conventional therapy plus ATRA for gastric dysplasia was associated with improved efficacy compared with conventional therapy alone. It was also accompanied by increased Rb expression and decreased HER2 expression in gastric mucosa. The addition of ATRA to conventional therapy for gastritis may improve the prognosis of gastric dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaozhen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Luqi Xing
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yongchao Chang
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiuli Su
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanli Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yalin Jiang
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Sahi H, Savola S, Sihto H, Koljonen V, Bohling T, Knuutila S. RB1 gene in Merkel cell carcinoma: hypermethylation in all tumors and concurrent heterozygous deletions in the polyomavirus-negative subgroup. APMIS 2014; 122:1157-66. [PMID: 24735260 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sequestration of the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein (RB) by the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). RB expression is frequently lost, particularly in MCV-negative MCC tumors, through yet unknown mechanisms. We compared the genomic copy number changes of 13 MCV-positive and 13 -negative MCC tumors by array comparative genomic hybridization. The analysis revealed increased genomic instability, amplification of 1p34.3-1p34.2, and losses of 11p in the absence of MCV infection. Deletions of the RB1 locus were also detected at high rates in MCV-negative tumors. None of the tumors with heterozygous RB1 losses expressed RB in immunohistochemistry. RB1 promoter hypermethylation was studied with a methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification technique. The RB1 promoter was methylated in all tumor specimens at CpG islands located close to the ATG start codon, albeit at low levels. The pattern of hypermethylation was similar in all MCC samples, despite RB expression, survival or MCV status. In conclusion, the frequent heterozygous losses of the RB1 locus could partly explain the decreased RB expression in MCV-negative MCC tumors, although the effects of RB1 mutations, coinciding promoter hypermethylation and, for example, miRNA regulation, cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helka Sahi
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University and HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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ELTAHIR HUDAA, ELHASSAN AHMEDM, IBRAHIM MUNTASERE. Contribution of retinoblastoma LOH and the p53 Arg/Pro polymorphism to cervical cancer. Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:473-6. [PMID: 22692183 PMCID: PMC3493075 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that infections by certain types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causally linked to the development of cervical cancer. It is also known that HPV infections alone do not cause progression to cervical cancer, as additional genetic changes such as loss of distinct chromosomal regions, inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes must also occur in order for malignant transformation to take place. In the present study, 78 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer and 36 cervical cancer-free cases (control) were analyzed for high-risk HPV genotypes (16 and 18) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the retinoblastoma gene (Rb) at two polymorphic intronic sites (intron 1 and 17) and the p53 polymorphism in codon 72 were detected by RFLP and allele-specific PCR, respectively. HPV 16 and 18 were found at frequencies of 93.6 and 8.3% in the cervical cancer and control samples, respectively. LOH was detected in 63% of patients in intron 1 and/or intron 17. p53 allele frequency for Arg/Arg was 43.6% (34/78), for Arg/Pro 37.2% (29/78) and for Pro/Pro 19.2% (15/78). The relative risk (RR) of LOH and Arg/Arg alone was 1.7 and 1.1, respectively, while the combined RR for Rb LOH and p53 Arg/Arg was 2.5. The present study showed a significant association of the chromosomal allelic loss of Rb in Sudanese cervical cancer patients, while no such association was observed with other parameters, such as clinical stage and degree of differentiation; hence, it cannot be a determinant of tumor behavior in cervical carcinoma. Although the p53 arginine allele is itself an important risk factor for cervical cancer, the combined risk with LOH of Rb, which appears to be greater, might indicate a possible epistatic effect of the two genes/polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- HUDA A. ELTAHIR
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Medical Campus, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - AHMED M. ELHASSAN
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Medical Campus, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - MUNTASER E. IBRAHIM
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Medical Campus, Khartoum, Sudan
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Liem DA, Zhao P, Angelis E, Chan SS, Zhang J, Wang G, Berthet C, Kaldis P, Ping P, MacLellan WR. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 signaling regulates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008; 45:610-6. [PMID: 18692063 PMCID: PMC2603425 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Revised: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury to the heart is accompanied by the upregulation and posttranslational modification of a number of proteins normally involved in regulating cell cycle progression. Two such proteins, cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (Cdk2) and its downstream target, the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb), also play a critical role in the control of apoptosis. Myocardial ischemia activates Cdk2, resulting in the phosphorylation and inactivation of Rb. Blocking Cdk2 activity reduces apoptosis in cultured cardiac myocytes. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of Cdk2 activity in vivo during I/R injury led to a 36% reduction in infarct size (IFS), when compared to control mice, associated with a reduction in apoptotic myocytes. To confirm that Rb was the critical target in Cdk2-mediated I/R injury, we determined the consequences of I/R injury in cardiac-specific Rb-deficient mice (CRb(L/L)). IFS was increased 140% in CRb(L/L) mice compared to CRb+/+ controls. TUNEL positive nuclei and caspase-3 activity were augmented by 92% and 36%, respectively, following injury in the CRb(L/L) mice demonstrating that loss of Rb in the heart significantly exacerbates I/R injury. These data suggest that Cdk2 signaling pathways are critical regulators of cardiac I/R injury in vivo and support a cardioprotective role for Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Liem
- The Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Peng Zhao
- The Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Ekaterini Angelis
- The Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Shing S. Chan
- The Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Jun Zhang
- The Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Guangwu Wang
- The Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Cyril Berthet
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, 21702
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, 21702
| | - Peipei Ping
- The Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095
- The Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - W. Robb MacLellan
- The Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095
- The Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095
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Shinohara H, Zhou J, Yoshikawa K, Yazumi S, Ko K, Yamaoka Y, Mizukami T, Yoshida T, Akinaga S, Tamaoki T, Motoda H, Benedict WF, Takahashi R. Retinoblastoma protein-initiated cellular growth arrest overcomes the ability of cotransfected wild-type p53 to induce apoptosis. Br J Cancer 2000; 83:1039-46. [PMID: 10993652 PMCID: PMC2363552 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma gene, RB, participates in the regulation of the G1/S-phase transition and in p53-mediated apoptosis. We have previously reported that stably transfected RB functions as a growth and tumour suppressor in HTB9 human bladder carcinoma cells, which carry a mutation of the p53 gene at codon 280 and lack RB expression. To elucidate the potential role of RB in the regulation of p53-mediated apoptosis, we transfected a wt p53 expression plasmid under the control of the human cytomegalovirus promoter into parental and RB-transfected HTB9 cells. The p53(+)/RB(-)cells were susceptible to apoptosis under various experimental conditions: 1) incubation in serum-free culture for 72 h, 2) short-term (6 h) or long-term (48 h) exposure to etoposide, and 3) culturing in soft agar. In contrast, p53(+)/RB(+)cells were significantly resistant to apoptosis under similar conditions and exhibited efficient growth arrest, as measured by laser scanning cytometry. Tumorigenicity in nude mice of parental HTB9 cells was lost by exogenous expression of wt p53. Likewise, none of mice injected subcutaneously with either p53(-)/RB(+)or p53(+)/RB(+)cells developed tumours, indicating that RB allows suppression of tumorigenesis, regardless of p53 status. These results suggest that the growth-inhibitory function of RB may overcome the ability of wt p53 to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shinohara
- Departments of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Abstract
The LEC rat is an authentic model of human Wilson's disease (WD) with an autosomal recessively inherited hepatitis. We investigated linkage between the hepatitis gene (hts) and the rat retinoblastoma gene (RB), that is closely linked to the WD gene in humans, to see whether or not the hts gene is located on the syntenic region of WD and is the counterpart of the WD gene. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis with backcross progenies from LEC and TM strains showed that the recombination rate between these two loci was 55.6%, demonstrating that the hts and RB genes are not linked to each other. These data indicate that the hts gene is not the counterpart of the WD gene and that the human syntenic region on which the WD locus and human RB gene are located, is not conserved in the rat genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sasaki
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
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