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Trauth MH, Asrat A, Fischer ML, Hopcroft PO, Foerster V, Kaboth-Bahr S, Kindermann K, Lamb HF, Marwan N, Maslin MA, Schaebitz F, Valdes PJ. Early warning signals of the termination of the African Humid Period(s). Nat Commun 2024; 15:3697. [PMID: 38714681 PMCID: PMC11076281 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The transition from a humid green Sahara to today's hyperarid conditions in northern Africa ~5.5 thousand years ago shows the dramatic environmental change to which human societies were exposed and had to adapt to. In this work, we show that in the 620,000-year environmental record from the Chew Bahir basin in the southern Ethiopian Rift, with its decadal resolution, this one thousand year long transition is particularly well documented, along with 20-80 year long droughts, recurring every ~160 years, as possible early warnings. Together with events of extreme wetness at the end of the transition, these droughts form a pronounced climate "flickering", which can be simulated in climate models and is also present in earlier climate transitions in the Chew Bahir environmental record, indicating that transitions with flickering are characteristic of this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Trauth
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Asfawossen Asrat
- Botswana University of Science and Technology, Department of Mining and Geological Engineering, Palapye, Botswana
- Addis Ababa University, School of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Markus L Fischer
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter O Hopcroft
- University of Birmingham, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Verena Foerster
- University of Cologne, Institute of Geography Education, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Karin Kindermann
- University of Cologne, Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henry F Lamb
- Aberystwyth University, Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth, UK
- Trinity College Dublin, Botany Department, School of Natural Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Norbert Marwan
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mark A Maslin
- University College London, Geography Department, London, UK
| | - Frank Schaebitz
- University of Cologne, Institute of Geography Education, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul J Valdes
- University of Bristol, Bristol Research Initiative for the Dynamic Global Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Bristol, UK
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2
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Creel RC, Miesner F, Wilkenskjeld S, Austermann J, Overduin PP. Glacial isostatic adjustment reduces past and future Arctic subsea permafrost. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3232. [PMID: 38622113 PMCID: PMC11018745 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Sea-level rise submerges terrestrial permafrost in the Arctic, turning it into subsea permafrost. Subsea permafrost underlies ~ 1.8 million km2 of Arctic continental shelf, with thicknesses in places exceeding 700 m. Sea-level variations over glacial-interglacial cycles control subsea permafrost distribution and thickness, yet no permafrost model has accounted for glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), which deviates local sea level from the global mean due to changes in ice and ocean loading. Here we incorporate GIA into a pan-Arctic model of subsea permafrost over the last 400,000 years. Including GIA significantly reduces present-day subsea permafrost thickness, chiefly because of hydro-isostatic effects as well as deformation related to Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Additionally, we extend the simulation 1000 years into the future for emissions scenarios outlined in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's sixth assessment report. We find that subsea permafrost is preserved under a low emissions scenario but mostly disappears under a high emissions scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger C Creel
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Frederieke Miesner
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany.
| | | | | | - Pier Paul Overduin
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
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3
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Clark RW, Wellner JS, Hillenbrand CD, Totten RL, Smith JA, Miller LE, Larter RD, Hogan KA, Graham AGC, Nitsche FO, Lehrmann AA, Lepp AP, Kirkham JD, Fitzgerald VT, Garcia-Barrera G, Ehrmann W, Wacker L. Synchronous retreat of Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers in response to external forcings in the presatellite era. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2211711120. [PMID: 38408214 PMCID: PMC10945778 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211711120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Today, relatively warm Circumpolar Deep Water is melting Thwaites Glacier at the base of its ice shelf and at the grounding zone, contributing to significant ice retreat. Accelerating ice loss has been observed since the 1970s; however, it is unclear when this phase of significant melting initiated. We analyzed the marine sedimentary record to reconstruct Thwaites Glacier's history from the early Holocene to present. Marine geophysical surveys were carried out along the floating ice-shelf margin to identify core locations from various geomorphic settings. We use sedimentological data and physical properties to define sedimentary facies at seven core sites. Glaciomarine sediment deposits reveal that the grounded ice in the Amundsen Sea Embayment had already retreated to within ~45 km of the modern grounding zone prior to ca. 9,400 y ago. Sediments deposited within the past 100+ y record abrupt changes in environmental conditions. On seafloor highs, these shifts document ice-shelf thinning initiating at least as early as the 1940s. Sediments recovered from deep basins reflect a transition from ice proximal to slightly more distal conditions, suggesting ongoing grounding-zone retreat since the 1950s. The timing of ice-shelf unpinning from the seafloor for Thwaites Glacier coincides with similar records from neighboring Pine Island Glacier. Our work provides robust new evidence that glacier retreat in the Amundsen Sea was initiated in the mid-twentieth century, likely associated with climate variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel W Clark
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004
| | - Julia S Wellner
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004
| | | | - Rebecca L Totten
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401
| | - James A Smith
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren E Miller
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | | | - Kelly A Hogan
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair G C Graham
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701
| | - Frank O Nitsche
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, New York, NY 10964
| | - Asmara A Lehrmann
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004
| | - Allison P Lepp
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - James D Kirkham
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom
- Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1ER, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Werner Ehrmann
- Institute for Geophysics & Geology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Lukas Wacker
- Ion Beam Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
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4
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Reece JK, Dorrell RM, Straub KM. Circulation of hydraulically ponded turbidity currents and the filling of continental slope minibasins. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2075. [PMID: 38453890 PMCID: PMC10920650 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural depressions on continental margins termed minibasins trap turbidity currents, a class of sediment-laden seafloor density driven flow. These currents are the primary downslope vectors for clastic sediment, particulate organic carbon, and microplastics. Here, we establish a method that facilitates long-distance self-suspension of dilute sediment-laden flows, enabling study of turbidity currents with appropriately scaled natural topography. We show that flow dynamics in three-dimensional minibasins are dominated by circulation cell structures. While fluid rotation is mainly along a horizontal plane, inwards spiraling flow results in strong upwelling jets that reduce the ability of minibasins to trap particulate organic carbon, microplastics, and fine-grained clastic sediment. Circulation cells are the prime mechanism for distributing particulates in minibasins and set the geometry of deposits, which are often intricate and below the resolution of geophysical surveys. Fluid and sediment are delivered to circulation cells by turbidity currents that runup the distal wall of minibasins. The magnitude of runup increases with the discharge rate of currents entering minibasins, which influences the amount of sediment that is either trapped in minibasins or spills to downslope environs and determines the height that deposits onlap against minibasin walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kevin Reece
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
| | - Robert M Dorrell
- Energy and Environment Institute, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Kyle M Straub
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
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5
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Navidtalab A, Mehrabi H, Shafaii Moghadam H, Rahimpour-Bonab H. Strontium isotope proxy of sedimentological records reveals uplift and erosion in the Southeastern Neo-Tethys ocean during the late Cretaceous. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3499. [PMID: 38347075 PMCID: PMC10861479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The mutual interplays between plate tectonic processes, orogenesis and continental uplift, high-flux magmatism, and high sedimentation rates can affect the geochemical signatures and composition of marine sediments. Here, we examine two major disconformities, the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary (CT-ES) and the middle Turonian (mT-ES) exposure surfaces, from the Upper Cretaceous sedimentary successions of the southeastern Neo-Tethys Ocean in the Zagros Basin (Iran). The disconformities are expressed as distinct positive peaks in rubidium (Rb) contents and 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios of carbonates. The 87Sr/86Sr values of samples bracketing the disconformities in seven well cores give average age ranges of 94.4-93.6 Ma for the CT-ES and 91-86 Ma for the mT-ES. These ages fall in the timespan of forearc/ophiolite formation through subduction initiation in the Neo-Tethys realm (southern margin of Eurasia), high convergence velocities between Arabia and Eurasia, and blueschist exhumation. All these processes involved buckling of the Neo-Tethyan lithosphere, initiating the Neo-Tethys closure and a high erosion rate on the Eurasian margin. The first two mechanisms exerted considerable compressional forces on the adjacent carbonate platforms, reactivated basement faults, and led to the uplift and erosion of the Arabian Plate, which provided the high contents of Rb and the high 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the carbonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Navidtalab
- School of Earth Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, 36716-45667, Iran.
| | - Hamzeh Mehrabi
- School of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Shafaii Moghadam
- School of Earth Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, 36716-45667, Iran
- Department of Geological Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61100, Trabzon, Turkey
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6
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Li X, Zhou Y, Han Z, Yuan X, Yi S, Zeng Y, Qin L, Lu M, Lu H. Loess deposits in the low latitudes of East Asia reveal the ~20-kyr precipitation cycle. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1023. [PMID: 38310099 PMCID: PMC10838313 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The cycle of precipitation change is key to understanding the driving mechanism of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). However, the dominant cycles of EASM precipitation revealed by different proxy indicators are inconsistent, leading to the "Chinese 100 kyr problem". In this study, we examine a high-resolution, approximately 350,000-year record from a low-latitude loess profile in China. Our analyses show that variations in the ratio of dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate extractable iron to total iron are dominated by the ~20-kyr cycle, reflecting changes in precipitation. In contrast, magnetic susceptibility varies with the ~100-kyr cycle and may be mainly controlled by temperature-induced redox processes or precipitation-induced signal smoothing. Our results suggest that changes in the EASM, as indicated by precipitation in this region, are mainly forced by precession-dominated insolation variations, and that precipitation and temperature may have varied with different cycles over the past ~350,000 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Li
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuwen Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhiyong Han
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiaokang Yuan
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuangwen Yi
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuqiang Zeng
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lisha Qin
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huayu Lu
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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7
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Broz AP, Pritchard-Peterson D, Spinola D, Schneider S, Retallack G, Silva LCR. Eocene (50-55 Ma) greenhouse climate recorded in nonmarine rocks of San Diego, CA, USA. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2613. [PMID: 38297060 PMCID: PMC10830502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonmarine rocks in sea cliffs of southern California store a detailed record of weathering under tropical conditions millions of years ago, where today the climate is much drier and cooler. This work examines early Eocene (~ 50-55 million-year-old) deeply weathered paleosols (ancient, buried soils) exposed in marine terraces of northern San Diego County, California, and uses their geochemistry and mineralogy to reconstruct climate and weathering intensity during early Eocene greenhouse climates. These Eocene warm spikes have been modeled as prequels for ongoing anthropogenic global warming driven by a spike in atmospheric CO2. Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM, ~ 55 Ma) kaolinitic paleosols developed in volcaniclastic conglomerates are evidence of intense weathering (CIA > 98) under warm and wet conditions (mean annual temperature [MAT] of ~ 17 °C ± 4.4 °C and mean annual precipitation [MAP] of ~ 1500 ± 299 mm). Geologically younger Early Eocene climatic optimum (EECO, 50 Ma) high shrink-swell (Vertisol) paleosols developed in coarse sandstones are also intensely weathered (CIA > 80) with MAT estimates of ~ 20 °C ± 4.4 °C but have lower estimated MAP (~ 1100 ± 299 mm), suggesting a less humid climate for the EECO greenhouse spike than for the earlier PETM greenhouse spike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian P Broz
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | | | - Diogo Spinola
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of North British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah Schneider
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | | | - Lucas C R Silva
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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8
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Begy RC, Savin CF, Korponai J, Magyari E, Kovács T. Investigation of the last two centuries sedimentation dynamics in high-altitude lakes of Southern Carpathians, Romania. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1391. [PMID: 38228676 PMCID: PMC10791608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the last two centuries sedimentation dynamics in four high-altitude lakes located in Southern Carpathians, Romania. Furthermore, a novel approach is proposed for identifying the anthropic or natural underlying causes, by comparison of the acceleration of the change in sedimentation rate with a baseline growth rate trend provided by an isolated peat bog. The high-resolution chronologies were developed using the 210Pb dating technique and the CRS model. 137Cs alternative time-marker validated the age-depth models and reassured the quality of the results. The results indicated several short-interval high sedimentation events within the lake cores, yielding up to five times the average rate for the investigated period. The cause of the high sedimentation episodes was generally attributed to anthropic activities (primarily road construction) and extreme natural events. A first-order derivative equation was employed to plot the acceleration in the sedimentation rate of the lakes with the peat bog baseline. The discrepancies between the acceleration trends highlighted significant deviations from the natural variation tendencies and provided preliminary data regarding the underlying causes of the intense sedimentation periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert-Cs Begy
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute On Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Codrin-F Savin
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - János Korponai
- Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, University of Public Service, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky utca 12-14, Baja, 6500, Hungary
| | - Enikő Magyari
- HUN-REN-MTM-ELTE Research Group for Palaeontology, Ludovika Tér 2, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
- Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kovács
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology; Research Centre for Biochemical, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary.
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9
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Mángano MG, Buatois LA, Piñuela L, Volkenborn N, Rodríguez-Tovar FJ, García-Ramos JC. Jurassic paleosurfaces with fecal mounds reveal the last supper of arenicolid worms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:709. [PMID: 38184722 PMCID: PMC10771522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Exceptional paleosurfaces preserving fecal casting mounds occur in the Upper Jurassic Lastres Formation of Spain. As in modern shorelines, these biogenic structures are associated with straight to sinuous-crested ripples showing the interplay of biological and physical processes in a low-energy marine environment. These trace fossils display characteristics, distribution, and densities like those of modern arenicolid populations (approximately 35 specimens per m2). Under close examination, these fecal casting mounds are morphologically undistinguishable from those produced by recent arenicolids (e.g. Arenicola marina, Abarenicola pacifica), providing evidence of the presence of these polychaetes in the Late Jurassic. As their modern counterparts, fossil arenicolids very likely modified their environment generating a seabed topography and impacting ancient benthic communities, sediment characteristics, and sediment biogeochemistry. Although the presence of oxic microhabitats and biogeochemical processes cannot be accurately measured in the fossil record, comparison with the work of modern populations allows to make inferences on sediment reworking and bioirrigation potential. In addition, association with grazing trails supports the idea of fertilization and modulation of food resources to other species. These paleosurfaces underscore the significance of high-fidelity snapshots in the fossil record (true substrates) to reconstruct past ecologies and sediment biogeochemistry. A new ichnotaxon, Cumulusichnus asturiensis n. igen. and n. isp., is defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gabriela Mángano
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Luis A Buatois
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Laura Piñuela
- Museo del Jurásico de Asturias (MUJA), 33328, Colunga, Asturias, Spain
| | - Nils Volkenborn
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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10
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Paz M, Mángano MG, Buatois LA, Campetella DM, Sproat C, Pérez-Pueyo M, Piñuela L, García-Ramos JC. Deep-sea Ordovician lingulide brachiopods and their associated burrows suggest an early colonization of proximal turbidite systems. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22753. [PMID: 38123596 PMCID: PMC10733332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace fossils from Ordovician deep-marine environments are typically produced by a shallow endobenthos adapted to live under conditions of food scarcity by means of specialized grazing, farming, and trapping strategies, preserved in low-energy intermediate to distal zones of turbidite systems. High-energy proximal zones have been considered essentially barren in the early Paleozoic. We report here the first trace and body fossils of lingulide brachiopods in deep-marine environments from an Upper Ordovician turbidite channel-overbank complex in Asturias, Spain. Body and trace fossils are directly associated, supporting the interpretation of a lingulide tracemaker. Ellipsoidal cross-section, cone-in-cone spreite, and spade morphologies suggest the specimens belong to Lingulichnus verticalis. The oblique orientation in both trace and body fossils is the result of tectonic deformation. The organisms were suspension feeders showing escape, dwelling, and equilibrium behaviours controlled by sedimentation rates associated with turbidite deposition. These trace fossils and their in situ producers represent the oldest evidence of widespread endobenthos colonization in high-energy, proximal areas of turbidite systems, expanding the bathymetric range of Lingulichnus and the variety of behaviours and feeding styles in early Paleozoic deep-marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Paz
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - M Gabriela Mángano
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Luis A Buatois
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Debora M Campetella
- Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, General Roca, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología (IIPG), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. J. A. Roca 1242, 8332, General Roca, Argentina
| | - Colin Sproat
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Manuel Pérez-Pueyo
- Grupo Aragosaurus-Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Departamento de Ciencias de La Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Piñuela
- Museo del Jurásico de Asturias (Jurassic Museum of Asturias), Rasa de San Telmo, 33328, Colunga, Spain
| | - José Carlos García-Ramos
- Museo del Jurásico de Asturias (Jurassic Museum of Asturias), Rasa de San Telmo, 33328, Colunga, Spain
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11
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Moore CR, Brooks MJ, Dunbar JS, Hemmings CA, Langworthy KA, West A, LeCompte MA, Adedeji V, Kennett JP, Feathers JK. Platinum and microspherule peaks as chronostratigraphic markers for onset of the Younger Dryas at Wakulla Springs, Florida. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22738. [PMID: 38123649 PMCID: PMC10733423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Anomalous peak abundances of platinum and Fe-rich microspherules with high-temperature minerals have previously been demonstrated to be a chronostratigraphic marker for the lower Younger Dryas Boundary (YDB) dating to 12.8 ka. This study used Bayesian analyses to test this hypothesis in multiple sequences (units) of sandy, weakly stratified sediments at Wakulla Springs, Florida. Our investigations included platinum geochemistry, granulometry, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, and culturally dated lithics. In addition, sediments were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy to investigate dendritic, iron-rich microspherules previously identified elsewhere in peak abundances at the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) cool climatic episode. Our work has revealed this abundance peak in platinum and dendritic spherules in five sediment sequences at Wakulla Springs. A YDB age of ~ 12.8 ka for the platinum and spherule chronostratigraphic datum in these Wakulla Springs sequences is consistent with the archaeological data and OSL dating. This study confirms the utility of this YDB datum layer for intersequence correlation and for assessing relative ages of Paleoamerican artifacts, including those of likely Clovis, pre-Clovis, and post-Clovis age and their possible responses to environmental changes known to have occurred during the Younger Dryas cool climatic episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Moore
- South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of South Carolina, P.O. Box 400, New Ellenton, SC, 29809, USA.
| | - Mark J Brooks
- South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of South Carolina, P.O. Box 400, New Ellenton, SC, 29809, USA
| | - James S Dunbar
- Aucilla Research Institute Inc., 555 North Jefferson Street, Monticello, FL, 32344, USA
| | - C Andrew Hemmings
- Aucilla Research Institute Inc., 555 North Jefferson Street, Monticello, FL, 32344, USA
| | - Kurt A Langworthy
- CAMCOR, University of Oregon, 1443 E 13Th Ave, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | | | - Malcolm A LeCompte
- Center of Excellence in Remote Sensing Education and Research, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, NC, 27909, USA
| | - Victor Adedeji
- Department of Natural Sciences, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, NC, 27909, USA
| | - James P Kennett
- Department of Earth Science and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - James K Feathers
- Luminescence Dating Laboratory, University of Washington, 125 Raitt Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195-3412, USA
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12
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Barksdale MB, Hein CJ, Kirwan ML. Shoreface erosion counters blue carbon accumulation in transgressive barrier-island systems. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8425. [PMID: 38114476 PMCID: PMC10730579 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42942-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Landward migration of coastal ecosystems in response to sea-level rise is altering coastal carbon dynamics. Although such landscapes rapidly accumulate soil carbon, barrier-island migration jeopardizes long-term storage through burial and exposure of organic-rich backbarrier deposits along the lower beach and shoreface. Here, we quantify the carbon flux associated with the seaside erosion of backbarrier lagoon and peat deposits along the Virginia Atlantic Coast. Barrier transgression leads to the release of approximately 26.1 Gg of organic carbon annually. Recent (1994-2017 C.E.) erosion rates exceed annual soil carbon accumulation rates (1984-2020) in adjacent backbarrier ecosystems by approximately 30%. Additionally, shoreface erosion of thick lagoon sediments accounts for >80% of total carbon losses, despite containing lower carbon densities than overlying salt marsh peat. Together, these results emphasize the impermanence of carbon stored in coastal environments and suggest that existing landscape-scale carbon budgets may overstate the magnitude of the coastal carbon sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Bryan Barksdale
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA.
| | - Christopher J Hein
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA
| | - Matthew L Kirwan
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA
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13
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Nakamura Y, Ogiso-Tanaka E, Seto K, Ando T, Katsuki K, Saito Y. DNA metabarcoding focusing on the plankton community: an effective approach to reconstruct the paleo-environment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21642. [PMID: 38062046 PMCID: PMC10703934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA metabarcoding (DNA-MB) targeting the whole plankton community is a promising approach in studies of sediment samples from water bodies, but its effectiveness in ancient material is not well demonstrated. We applied DNA-MB of plankton in a sediment core to reconstruct the paleo-environment of Lake Shinji, Japan, through a marine lagoon/freshwater lake transition during the past 2300 years. We interpreted core-sample plankton taxonomy and habitat by reference to the modern plankton community in water samples. OTUs (operational taxonomic units) belonging to Dictyochophyceae were 81.05% of the total reads in sediments. However, Ciliophora, Copepoda and Labyrinthulea formed the majority of plankton taxa in the water samples, suggesting that they are under-represented in sediment. A drastic change in plankton composition correlated with a large decrease in sediment sulfur concentration, implying the change of aquatic environment from marine lagoon to freshwater lake. This event took place ca. 1200 CE in Lake Shinji. A 250 year-long transitional period followed, during which the total DNA sequence reads were very low. This suggests that salinity fluctuations created a hostile environment for both marine and freshwater plankton species. Our results show that DNA-MB of the whole plankton community is effective in reconstructing paleo-environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Nakamura
- Estuary Research Center, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan.
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, 305-0005, Japan.
| | - Eri Ogiso-Tanaka
- Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, 305-0005, Japan
| | - Koji Seto
- Estuary Research Center, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Takuto Ando
- Estuary Research Center, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
- Graduate School of International Resource Sciences, Akita University, Akita, 010-0852, Japan
| | - Kota Katsuki
- Estuary Research Center, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Saito
- Estuary Research Center, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
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14
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Bialik OM, Coletti G, Mariani L, Commissario L, Desbiolles F, Meroni AN. Availability and type of energy regulate the global distribution of neritic carbonates. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19687. [PMID: 37952059 PMCID: PMC10640608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of carbonate rocks is primarily reliant on microfacies analysis, which is strongly based on the comparison with modern allochem assemblages. Despite the existence of several models aimed at comprehensively explaining, on the bases of abiotic factors, the distribution of carbonate-producing organisms, a global, quantitative and standardized overview of the composition of shallow-water carbonate sediments is still missing. Aiming to address this gap in knowledge, the current study provides a global database of the available quantitative data on neritic carbonate sediments. This is paired with satellite-based observations for the abiotic parameters. The results highlight a non-linear, multi-variable, dependence in the distribution of allochems and suggest that depth, temperature, and trophic state are, to a certain extent, interchangeable. The implication of which is a level of non-uniqueness for paleoenvironmental interpretation. The resulting distribution is rather continuous and stretches along an energy gradient. A gradient extending from solar energy, with autotrophs and symbiont-bearing organisms to chemical energy with heterotrophs. Further, quantitative data from modern oceans are still required to disentangle the remaining elements of uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or M Bialik
- Institute of Geology and Paleontology, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 24, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 31905, Carmel, Israel.
| | - Giovanni Coletti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luca Mariani
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucrezi Commissario
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabien Desbiolles
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- CIMA Research Foundation, Savona, Italy
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15
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Stubbins B, Leier AL, Barbeau DL, Pullen A, Abell JT, Nie J, Zárate MA, Fidler MK. Global climate forcing on late Miocene establishment of the Pampean aeolian system in South America. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6899. [PMID: 37899425 PMCID: PMC10613622 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Wind-blown dust from southern South America links the terrestrial, marine, atmospheric, and biological components of Earth's climate system. The Pampas of central Argentina (~33°-39° S) contain a Miocene to Holocene aeolian record that spans an important interval of global cooling. Upper Miocene sediment provenance based on n = 3299 detrital-zircon U-Pb ages is consistent with the provenance of Pleistocene-Holocene deposits, indicating the Pampas are the site of a long-lived fluvial-aeolian system that has been operating since the late Miocene. Here, we show the establishment of aeolian sedimentation in the Pampas coincided with late Miocene cooling. These findings, combined with those from the Chinese Loess Plateau (~33°-39° N) underscore: (1) the role of fluvial transport in the development and maintenance of temporally persistent mid-latitude loess provinces; and (2) a global-climate forcing mechanism behind the establishment of large mid-latitude loess provinces during the late Miocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Stubbins
- School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Andrew L Leier
- School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - David L Barbeau
- School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Alex Pullen
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
| | - Jordan T Abell
- Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Pennsylvania, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Junsheng Nie
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Marcelo A Zárate
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa, CONICET Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Mary Kate Fidler
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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16
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Alqubalee A, Salisu AM, Bello AM, Al-Hussaini A, Al-Ramadan K. Characteristics, distribution, and origin of ferruginous deposits within the Late Ordovician glaciogenic setting of Arabia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18430. [PMID: 37891355 PMCID: PMC10611803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferruginous deposits are iron-rich sediments or sedimentary rocks found in various sizes, shapes, and compositions within sedimentary strata in different depositional settings. This study investigates the characteristics, distribution, and origin of ferruginous deposits found in the Late Ordovician glaciogenic Sarah Formation and surrounding deposits in central Saudi Arabia. Several types of ferruginous deposits have been identified through field observations and laboratory investigations, including thin-section petrography, geochemical, surface, and bulk mineralogical analyses, and computed tomography scans. The identified ferruginous deposits include solid and rinded concretions, pipes, layers, ferricretes, liesegang bands, and fracture infills. They were associated with the periglacial and proglacial facies of the Sarah Formation. For instance, ferruginous deformed layers were mainly observed in subglacial facies, while rinded concretions occurred in bleached glaciofluvial facies. Ferruginous deposits were also found in the uppermost parts of non-glacial facies, such as the shallow marine Quwarah Member of the Qasim Formation and the braided deltaic Sajir Member of the Saq Formation. Compositionally, goethite was the dominant iron oxide mineral in all ferruginous deposits, and it is mostly distributed as cement, filling pore spaces. In comparison to ferruginous deposits reported in different depositional settings on Earth and Mars, the studied ferruginous deposits in an ancient glaciogenic setting exhibit different mineralogical characteristics. Specifically, the studied solid concretions are less abundant and primarily amalgamated, while the rinded concretions appear to be more mature than those reported in other depositional environments. This study suggests that the weathered basement rocks of the Arabian Shield were the primary source of iron. The iron-bearing rocks were eroded and transported by Hirnantian glaciation and deglaciation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alqubalee
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
- Geosciences Department, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Anas Muhammad Salisu
- Geosciences Department, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahab Muhammad Bello
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid Al-Ramadan
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
- Geosciences Department, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
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17
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Yu YY, Luo CL, Cui WH, Tao JY, Zhang TH. Study on creep characteristics and component model of saline soil in hexi corridor. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18067. [PMID: 37872206 PMCID: PMC10593926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate mastery of the creep characteristics of unsaturated saline soil is extremely important for the long-term stability and safe operation of all types of buildings. In this paper, the research object focused on the saline soil of the Zhangye area, Hexi corridor. The indoor triaxial CU creep test was carried out by means of graded loading to study the creep characteristics of saline soil under different salt content and loading stress. The Merchant and Burgers models were used to predict the creep behavior of the saline soils, and the predicted results were compared with the experimental values. The results showed that the triaxial creep curve of saline soil developed in stage III. Namely, transient creep stage, deceleration creep stage and steady-state creep stage. The creep deformation increases with the increase of salt content and loading stress. The stress-strain isochronous curve has non-linear growth, and the cluster of curves develops from dense to sparse after increasing to long-term strength (100∼150 kPa). The parameters of the Merchant and Burgers model vary with salt content and loading stress, and the creep curve predicted by the Burgers model is closer to the test value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yan Yu
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Chong-Liang Luo
- School of Civil Engineering, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741000, China
| | - Wen-Hao Cui
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jing-Yan Tao
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ting-Hua Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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18
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Ben Amar I, Thomas A, Bachmann C, Hafnaoui A, Griguer H, Miled A, Messaddeq Y. XRF online analyzer for measurements of P 2O 5 content in phosphate slurry. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17925. [PMID: 37864005 PMCID: PMC10589280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Online X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) setup was constructed and optimized for analysing the P2O5 content in phosphate slurry (PS). Serval samples were analysed using two configurations of the setup, one with low and vertical flow and another with high and horizontal flow. The mean absolute error achieved through the first configuration was 0.87% and 0.38% using the second configuration. Reference samples were analyzed using the two configurations to construct the calibration curves. The curves cover a concentration range of P2O5 from 13.50 to 18.50% when considering the horizontal flow configuration, and a range of 14.00-15.60% when considering the vertical flow setup. An experimental study was conducted in order to optimize the measurement parameters for the online measurement of P2O5 in the phosphate slurry using the horizontal flow setup. A good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of [Formula: see text] was attained using an excitation energy of 20 kV or 25 kV, an excitation current of 600 µA, a distance of 18 mm between the sample and the detector, a measurement time of 60 s per spectrum and the use of an Aluminum filter between the X-ray tube and the measurement window. Online X-ray fluorescence analysis of P entails some challenges due to the low characteristic energy of P, the phosphate slurry matrix and the online analysis mode. However, the outcomes of this study indicate that XRF is a promising technology to meet the requirement for digitalization of chemical analysis of phosphate products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Ben Amar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Digital Innovation Center of Excellence DICE, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University UM6P, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
- Center for Optics, Photonics, and Lasers, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | | | | | | | - Hafid Griguer
- Digital Innovation Center of Excellence DICE, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University UM6P, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Amine Miled
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Younès Messaddeq
- Center for Optics, Photonics, and Lasers, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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19
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Sharmili N, Apu SI, Gazi MY, Bhuiyan MAH, Lupin JH. High-resolution lithostratigraphy and reconnaissance sedimentology of Changotaung structure, Chittagong Tripura fold belt, Bengal Basin, Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17727. [PMID: 37853015 PMCID: PMC10584892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike other structures in the vicinity of the Chittagong Tripura Fold Belt, the Changotaung anticline is one of Bangladesh's least explored structures. An attempt has been made for the first time to understand and document sedimentary deposits, environments, structure, and tectonic activity based on the high-resolution outcrop and reconnaissance study with the knowledge of broad-brush geology. We found that Changotaung is a symmetrical box-folded structure with an extensive western flank where the amount of dip varies between 11° and 45°. The exposed Cenozoic succession was categorized into three separate sedimentary sequences and correlated with the conventional stratigraphic unit. A first-order simple Markovian approach was presented for the exposed litho-section in an effort to illustrate vertical facies variations in the Upper Surma group. We quantified that heterolithic bed mostly overlies both trough cross-bedding ([Formula: see text] = 0.706) and parallel laminated bed ([Formula: see text] according to the facies transition probability matrix. According to the results of the stationary distribution, there is a 40% chance of coming across heterolithic beds within the Upper Surma group during any given event that is completely random whereas trough cross-bedding, parallel laminated bed, cumulative sandstone facies, and cumulative shale facies shows around 10.8%, 15.2%, 20.6%, 13.4% probability. We hypothesized, based on the interpretive facies analysis, that the Chittagong Tripura fold belt region's Upper Surma Group underwent three interrelated depositional settings (wave-dominated shallow marine, tide-dominated shallow marine, and fluvio-deltaic distributary).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noshin Sharmili
- Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Saiful Islam Apu
- Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Department of Geology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Md Yousuf Gazi
- Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- School of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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20
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Barham L, Duller GAT, Candy I, Scott C, Cartwright CR, Peterson JR, Kabukcu C, Chapot MS, Melia F, Rots V, George N, Taipale N, Gethin P, Nkombwe P. Evidence for the earliest structural use of wood at least 476,000 years ago. Nature 2023; 622:107-111. [PMID: 37730994 PMCID: PMC10550827 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Wood artefacts rarely survive from the Early Stone Age since they require exceptional conditions for preservation; consequently, we have limited information about when and how hominins used this basic raw material1. We report here on the earliest evidence for structural use of wood in the archaeological record. Waterlogged deposits at the archaeological site of Kalambo Falls, Zambia, dated by luminescence to at least 476 ± 23 kyr ago (ka), preserved two interlocking logs joined transversely by an intentionally cut notch. This construction has no known parallels in the African or Eurasian Palaeolithic. The earliest known wood artefact is a fragment of polished plank from the Acheulean site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel, more than 780 ka (refs. 2,3). Wooden tools for foraging and hunting appear 400 ka in Europe4-8, China9 and possibly Africa10. At Kalambo we also recovered four wood tools from 390 ka to 324 ka, including a wedge, digging stick, cut log and notched branch. The finds show an unexpected early diversity of forms and the capacity to shape tree trunks into large combined structures. These new data not only extend the age range of woodworking in Africa but expand our understanding of the technical cognition of early hominins11, forcing re-examination of the use of trees in the history of technology12,13.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Barham
- Department of Archaeology, Classics & Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - G A T Duller
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - I Candy
- Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - C Scott
- Professor Elizabeth Slater Archaeological Research Laboratories, Department of Archaeology, Classics & Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C R Cartwright
- Department of Scientific Research, The British Museum, London, UK
| | - J R Peterson
- Professor Elizabeth Slater Archaeological Research Laboratories, Department of Archaeology, Classics & Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C Kabukcu
- Professor Elizabeth Slater Archaeological Research Laboratories, Department of Archaeology, Classics & Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- University of Algarve, Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - M S Chapot
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - F Melia
- Professor Elizabeth Slater Archaeological Research Laboratories, Department of Archaeology, Classics & Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - V Rots
- TraceoLab/Prehistory, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - N George
- Professor Elizabeth Slater Archaeological Research Laboratories, Department of Archaeology, Classics & Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - N Taipale
- TraceoLab/Prehistory, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - P Gethin
- Professor Elizabeth Slater Archaeological Research Laboratories, Department of Archaeology, Classics & Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - P Nkombwe
- National Museums Board, Moto Moto Museum, Mbala, Zambia
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21
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Melchor RN, Feola SF, Cardonatto MC, Espinoza N, Rojas-Manriquez MA, Herazo L. First terror bird footprints reveal functionally didactyl posture. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16474. [PMID: 37777554 PMCID: PMC10542783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Terror birds (Aves, Phorusrhacidae) comprise the most outstanding group of South American Cenozoic avifauna, and have been considered dominant predators. Terrestrial habits were inferred using the reduction of their forelimbs and high body mass. Phorusrhacids were considered functionally tridactyl with three relatively short digits II-IV and a small, elevated digit I. The function of the ungual phalanges of digit II have been debated, including the utility of the ungual for retention or stabbing of prey. Incomplete or lack of preservation of foot bones have hampered understanding of the evolution and diversification of Phorusrhacidae. Here we show the first known and well-preserved footprints of Phorusrhacidae with a didactyl posture, which are named Rionegrina pozosaladensis igen. et isp. nov. These footprints yield unprecedented information on the locomotor habits of the group. The finding implies that medium-sized, Late Miocene (~ 8 Ma) phorusrhacids developed strong cursorial adaptations; achieved through reduction of digit II, raised metatarso-phalangeal pad, main body support in a large and thick digit III, and digit IV as outrigger. Raised and long claw of digit II was probably used in pining of prey. Phorusrhacid footprints differ from the Early Cretaceous didactyl footprints of deinonychosaurian dinosaur affinity by its larger size and strong mesaxony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo N Melchor
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
- Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
| | - Silverio F Feola
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
- Departamento de Geología, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - M Cristina Cardonatto
- Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Nahuel Espinoza
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Manuel A Rojas-Manriquez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Lorena Herazo
- LA. TE. Andes S.A., Las Moreras 510, Vaqueros, Salta, Argentina
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22
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Guo C, Liu J, Fu G, Chen L, Wang F, Huang Z, Qiao L, Wang L. The pre-Jurassic Meng-Shaan paleochannel and its control on the accumulation model of Yan 10 reservoir in Central Ordos Basin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15797. [PMID: 37737214 PMCID: PMC10516896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the setting of the increasing density of exploration wells, and the decreasing scale and increasing difficulty of discovering Jurassic paleogeomorphology reservoirs, it is urgent to deepen the fine depiction of pre-Jurassic paleogeomorphology features and to analyze their controlling effect on reservoirs. Based on abundant logging data combined with indoor microscopic observation and experimental testing, the paper applies the theory of reservoir configuration analysis for the first time to the single-channel period division of the pre-Jurassic Meng-Shaan paleochannel which deposited with the braided channel sand bodies. Meanwhile, it reveals the controlling effect of hydrocarbon accumulation and the distribution characteristics of the Yan 101 reservoir as ' paleogeomorphology and sedimentary facies combination' to determine the type, 'migration channel' to determine the distributing range, and 'low-amplitude structure' to determine the trap in the study area, and also the reservoir accumulation modes in different channel ranges have established. In conclusion, the single-channel boundary of the Meng-Shaan paleochannel in different periods controls the path of oil and gas migration, thus controlling the distribution range and reservoir type of the Yan 10 reservoir. Moreover, depending on the production data we derived that it should prefer the composite trap reservoir of the Fuxian period and the Yan 102 period, as well as the structural reservoir on the periphery of the Yan 102 period single-channel for the further exploration of the Yan 10 paleogeomorphology reservoirs within the development range of the Meng-Shaan ancient river. In particular, the lithologic trap reservoirs within the Fuxian period channel and the Meng-Shaan main channel, such as the reservoirs of the 'Source' of the secondary channel type and the paleochannel type, which could as a replacement accumulation model for increasing reserves and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Guo
- School of Petroleum Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China.
- School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
| | - Jianchao Liu
- School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
| | - Guomin Fu
- School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Exploration and Development Technology Research Center, Yanchang Oil Field Co., Ltd., Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Jingbian Oil Extraction Plant of Yanchang Oil Field Co., Ltd., Yulin, 718500, China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Water Injection Headquarter of Yanchang Oil Field Co., Ltd., Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Li Qiao
- Jingbian Oil Extraction Plant of Yanchang Oil Field Co., Ltd., Yulin, 718500, China
| | - Longjun Wang
- Jingbian Oil Extraction Plant of Yanchang Oil Field Co., Ltd., Yulin, 718500, China
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23
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Park C, Song Y, Kim N, Choi SJ, Chwae U, Jang Y, Kwon S, Kim J, Kim H, Jeong YJ. In-situ δ 18O and 87Sr/ 86Sr proxies in an unconformable clastic unit at the Ordovician-Silurian transition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15174. [PMID: 37704744 PMCID: PMC10499834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clastic successions found in the carbonate platform of continental margin during the Ordovician-Silurian Transition (OST) period are archives for interpreting paleo-depositional systems. Here, we report in-situ δ18Oquartz and 87Sr/86Srcarbonate isotope chemo-stratigraphy for an unconformable clastic unit from the Cathaysia terrane that rifted off the Gondwana Supercontinent in the Early Paleozoic Era. Our results suggest a depositional proxy and model for geological events attributed to rapid changes in the sedimentary environment during the OST period. Importantly, these results present crucial clues that infer the influence of Paleo-Tethys Sea opening, global eustatic regression, and rapid sedimentary provenance change. Our study provides insight into paleo-tracer that could be a key method for interpreting depositional system of carbonate platform based on in-situ mineral isotope chemo-stratigraphy that preserves the original value of provenance and geochemical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaewon Park
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yungoo Song
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Namsoo Kim
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ja Choi
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ueechan Chwae
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yirang Jang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Kwon
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Kim
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joong Jeong
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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24
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Chu M, Bao R, Strasser M, Ikehara K, Everest J, Maeda L, Hochmuth K, Xu L, McNichol A, Bellanova P, Rasbury T, Kölling M, Riedinger N, Johnson J, Luo M, März C, Straub S, Jitsuno K, Brunet M, Cai Z, Cattaneo A, Hsiung K, Ishizawa T, Itaki T, Kanamatsu T, Keep M, Kioka A, McHugh C, Micallef A, Pandey D, Proust JN, Satoguchi Y, Sawyer D, Seibert C, Silver M, Virtasalo J, Wang Y, Wu TW, Zellers S. Earthquake-enhanced dissolved carbon cycles in ultra-deep ocean sediments. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5427. [PMID: 37696798 PMCID: PMC10495447 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hadal trenches are unique geological and ecological systems located along subduction zones. Earthquake-triggered turbidites act as efficient transport pathways of organic carbon (OC), yet remineralization and transformation of OC in these systems are not comprehensively understood. Here we measure concentrations and stable- and radiocarbon isotope signatures of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC, DIC) in the subsurface sediment interstitial water along the Japan Trench axis collected during the IODP Expedition 386. We find accumulation and aging of DOC and DIC in the subsurface sediments, which we interpret as enhanced production of labile dissolved carbon owing to earthquake-triggered turbidites, which supports intensive microbial methanogenesis in the trench sediments. The residual dissolved carbon accumulates in deep subsurface sediments and may continue to fuel the deep biosphere. Tectonic events can therefore enhance carbon accumulation and stimulate carbon transformation in plate convergent trench systems, which may accelerate carbon export into the subduction zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Chu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Rui Bao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Michael Strasser
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Geology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ken Ikehara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Geological Survey of Japan, Institute of Geology and Geoinformation, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan
| | - Jez Everest
- British Geological Survey, Lyell Centre, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Lena Maeda
- Center for Deep Earth Exploration, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan
| | - Katharina Hochmuth
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Sciences, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point TAS, Churchill Ave, 7004, Australia
| | - Li Xu
- NOSAMS Laboratory, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ann McNichol
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Piero Bellanova
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Neotectonics and Natural Hazards & Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Troy Rasbury
- Stony Brook University, Department of Geosciences, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Martin Kölling
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Natascha Riedinger
- Boone Pickens School of Geology, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
| | - Joel Johnson
- University of New Hampshire, Department of Earth Sciences, New Hampshire, 03824, USA
| | - Min Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christian März
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Institute for Geosciences, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Straub
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Geochemistry Division, New York, 10964, USA
| | - Kana Jitsuno
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan
| | - Morgane Brunet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Zhirong Cai
- Kyoto University, Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Antonio Cattaneo
- Geo-Ocean, UMR 6538, Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, Plouzané, F-29280, France
| | - Kanhsi Hsiung
- Research Institute for Marine Geodynamics, JAMSTEC, Marine Geology and Geophysics Research Group, Subduction Dynamics Research Center, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishizawa
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Takuya Itaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Geological Survey of Japan, Institute of Geology and Geoinformation, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kanamatsu
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Research Institute of Marine Geodynamics (IMG), Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Myra Keep
- The University of Western Australia, Department School of Earth Sciences, Perth, Australia
| | - Arata Kioka
- Kyushu University, Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Cecilia McHugh
- Queens College, City University of New York, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, New York, 11367, USA
| | - Aaron Micallef
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, D-24148, Germany
| | - Dhananjai Pandey
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Goa, 403 804, India
| | - Jean Noël Proust
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Derek Sawyer
- The Ohio State University, School of Earth Sciences, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Chloé Seibert
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Marine geology and geophysics division, New York, 10964, USA
| | - Maxwell Silver
- Colorado School of Mines, Hydrologic Science and Engineering, Colorado, 80227, USA
| | | | - Yonghong Wang
- Ocean University of China, Department of Marine Geosciences, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Ting-Wei Wu
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28359, Germany
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sarah Zellers
- University of Central Missouri, Department of Physical Sciences, Missouri, 64093, USA
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25
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Moayyedi M, Sharifi M, Abbasi M, Shabani M. Detailed numerical evaluation of diffusion convection equation in layered reservoirs during tracer injection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14989. [PMID: 37696846 PMCID: PMC10495337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterization of heterogeneous reservoirs such as multilayered or fractured systems is an important issue in different disciplines such as hydrology, petroleum and geothermal systems. One of the popular methods that can be used for this purpose is tracer tests. Better understanding of the mechanisms of mass transfer (convection-diffusion process) is essential for having a proper test interpretation. In this study, the solutions of different scenarios of tracer flow in a pair of high and low-permeable layered reservoirs including convection and diffusion mechanisms are discussed. Although analytical solutions generally provided exact solutions, they involve several assumptions and might be hard to use for complex problems. As a result, numerical methods are selected for the investigation of different scenarios and addressing cases that are beyond access of analytical methods. In this study, several scenarios of considering diffusion and convection in low and high permeable zones and effective parameters on tracer concentration are investigated. According to the results of this study, the higher the porosity ratio of low to high permeable layer, the more time is needed to get the final concentration value. Also, by increasing the value of the dispersivity coefficient, the time needed to increase the concentration decreases. In other words, the sharp increase in concentration for lower times is seen in higher dispersivity values. The concentration profile variation is affected by Peclet number. The difference among concentration profiles in different cases is considerable, especially in low Peclet numbers where the diffusion mechanism is dominant. This behavior is more common in low permeable mediums such as multilayered tight or shale reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Moayyedi
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifi
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Abbasi
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shabani
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Osozawa S, Ito H. The Sendai river terraces monitored the co-seismic mega-thrusting. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14026. [PMID: 37640920 PMCID: PMC10462761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a detailed geological survey of the Sendai region, covering an area of 100 × 50 km. Our survey focused on accurately mapping river terraces, identifying the source volcanoes responsible for intercalated tephras, and locating the Nagamachi-Rifu fault and associated faults. The river terraces were observed and categorized based on their elevation relative to the present river channels. These terraces are predominantly found on the hanging wall of major reverse faults. Each terrace comprises fluvial gravels at the lower levels and eolian loam intercalated with local and regional tephras at higher levels, with the contact age corresponding to the time of emergence. To determine the ages of the terrace gravels, we employed a combination of zircon U-Pb dating, sedimentation rate calculations, and extrapolation techniques. This allowed us to establish the abandonment or emergent dates of the terraces. The formation of these terraces coincided with periods of fault activity, including hanging wall uplift, footwall subsidence, and fault vertical displacement, effectively monitoring the co-seismicity of the Nagamachi-Rifu fault. While we cannot predict the exact timing of future events, it is crucial to remain vigilant regarding the potential occurrence of a significant earthquake triggered by these fault activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Osozawa
- Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
- Kawaoso Molecular Bio-Geology Institute, Sendai, 982-0807, Japan.
| | - Hisatoshi Ito
- Nuclear Risk Research Center, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
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27
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Borisov DG, Frey DI, Ivanova EV, Dmitrevskiy NN, Levchenko OV, Fomin VV, Ligi M. Unveiling the contourite depositional system in the Vema Fracture Zone (Central Atlantic). Sci Rep 2023; 13:13834. [PMID: 37620351 PMCID: PMC10449790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A combination of a high sediment input and intense bottom currents often leads to the formation of contourites (sediments deposited or significantly reworked by bottom currents). Both of these components are present in the Vema Fracture Zone valley which is the most important passageway for the distribution of the Antarctic Bottom Water from the West to the North-East of the Atlantic. However, no contourite drifts, moats or contourite channels have been found in this region in more than half a century of research. The prevailing sedimentation paradigm postulates that turbidity currents have predominantly governed sedimentation in this region during the Pleistocene. This work describes the first example of contourite depositional system identified in the Vema Fracture Zone. The discovery was made through detailed high-resolution sub-bottom profiling, as well as numerical modeling and direct measurements of bottom current velocities. Such systems are exceptionally uncommon in fracture zones. This study highlights the importance of further research of contourites along the Vema Fracture Zone based on modern concepts of contourite and mixed depositional systems. The work also emphasizes the need to reevaluate the impact of bottom currents on sedimentation in this region, and particularly in the narrow segments of the fracture zone valley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii G Borisov
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry I Frey
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Elena V Ivanova
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Oleg V Levchenko
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Marco Ligi
- Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
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28
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Feng B, Onda Y, Wakiyama Y, Taniguchi K, Hashimoto A, Zhang Y. Concurrent datasets on land cover and river monitoring in Fukushima decontaminated catchment during 2013-2018. Sci Data 2023; 10:547. [PMID: 37604898 PMCID: PMC10442352 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
After the Fukushima nuclear accident, the Japanese government implemented extensive decontamination work in 137Cs contaminated catchments for residents' health and local revitalization. Whether dramatic land use changes in the upstream decontaminated regions affected river suspended sediment (SS) and particulate 137Cs discharge downstream remain unknown because of the poor quantification on land cover changes and long-term river SS dynamics. We here introduce a 6-year concurrent database of the Niida River Basin, a decontaminated catchment, including the first available vector decontamination maps, satellite images in decontaminated regions with a spatial resolution of 10 m, and long-term river monitoring datasets spanning decontamination (2013-2016) and subsequent natural restoration stages (2017-2018). These datasets allow us, for the first time, to directly link the transport dynamics of river SS (particulate 137Cs) to land use changes caused by humans in real-time, which provide fundamental data for better understanding the river response of sediment to land use change. Moreover, the data obtained by interdisciplinary methods offer a template for land use change impact assessment in other river basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Feng
- Center for Research in Radiation, Isotopes, and Earth System Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yuichi Onda
- Center for Research in Radiation, Isotopes, and Earth System Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Yoshifumi Wakiyama
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
| | - Keisuke Taniguchi
- National Institute of Technology, Tsuyama College, Tsuyama, 708-8509, Japan
| | - Asahi Hashimoto
- Center for Research in Radiation, Isotopes, and Earth System Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yupan Zhang
- Center for Research in Radiation, Isotopes, and Earth System Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
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29
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Rao X, Huang S. Identification of the blasting vibration characteristics of groundwater-sealed tunnel. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13557. [PMID: 37604971 PMCID: PMC10442370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Blasting is widely used in mining, subway, demolition and groundwater-sealed tunnel, among them, the last one is widely concerned because of its many adjacent tunnels, high anti-seepage requirements, strict blasting control, etc. The identification of blasting characteristics is of great significance to the blasting construction and the safety evaluation of the groundwater-sealed tunnel. In view of the problem that conventional feature identification methods are less explored in groundwater-sealed tunnel, a complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise and multiscale permutation entropy and Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) method was proposed. Then, the proposed method was verified by the numerical simulation and the Huangdao groundwater-sealed tunnel engineering. The results show that the proposed method can suppress modal aliasing and signal noise and identify the blasting characteristics of groundwater-sealed tunnel effectively. In addition, the blasting vibration energy which accounts for 94.7% in the frequency range of 0-200 Hz, 72.5% of 0-50 Hz was summarized. Furthermore, the safety status of each monitoring point was evaluated through HHT and the feasibility of millisecond blasting was identified. The method proposed can identify the vibration characteristics and safety status of groundwater-sealed tunnel from the perspective of time-frequency and energy effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Rao
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Shengxiang Huang
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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30
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Shang J, Feng M, Wang X, Zhang B, Xu L, Liu X. Alteration effects of karstification and hydrothermalism on middle Permian Qixia formation at the Wulong section, South China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13128. [PMID: 37573447 PMCID: PMC10423293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the southwestern region of Sichuan (SW China) has experienced multiphase fluidisation, resulting in an unclear understanding of the reservoir reconstruction effect. In this study, a systematic analysis of the Qi2 member in Wulong Town was carried out by combining field outcrop petrology and geochemistry. The results demonstrated that multiple sets of crystalline dolomite-bioclastic limestone cycles were stacked vertically in the Qi2 member, accompanied by the development of fractures and karst channels. The dolomite was mainly composed of silty-fine dolomite (D1) and recrystallised dolomite (D2). Furthermore, obvious multiphase dolomitic cements (Cd1-Cd2) were present in the fractures and pores. Early karst is known to have lithologic mutation surface development and karst channel development at the top of several secondary cycles. The vadose silt dolomites (Cd1) having karst channels developed dull luminescence under cathode luminescence (CL). Both the geochemical indicators of elements and rare earth element (REE) content indicated dysoxic-oxic environmental conditions. The hydrothermal solution displayed tectonic carniole characteristics in the strata burial stage. Fractures and pores were filled with hydrothermal minerals such as coarse dolomites-saddle dolomites (Cd2, with some caused by recrystallisation of the Cd1 hydrothermal solution) and fluorites. Coarse dolomites-saddle dolomites developed dull-red luminescence with a bright-red rim under CL and their δ18OVPDB values were more negative than those of middle Permian limestone samples. Both the geochemical indicators of elements and REE content indicated the suboxic-anoxic environmental conditions. Karstification had minor constructive impact on the reservoir of the Qi2 member in Baoxing in southwestern Sichuan. Most products of karstification were distributed as fillings in channels. Aside from creating certain networked fractures, the hydrothermal solution was mainly filled with hydrothermal minerals along the fractures, pores and early karst channels. Karst and the hydrothermal solution mainly damaged the middle and upper parts of the middle Permian Qixia Formation in Southwest Sichuan. The impact of episodic fluid on the restoration of the carbonate reservoir was mainly restricted by channels for fluid migration and thickness differences among the reservoir. However, certain thick-layered and massive crystalline dolomite may hold promise for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Shang
- School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Mingyou Feng
- School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China.
| | - Xingzhi Wang
- School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Benjian Zhang
- Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Filed Company, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Filed Company, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
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31
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Gischler E, Hudson JH, Eisenhauer A, Parang S, Deveaux M. 9000 years of change in coral community structure and accretion in Belize reefs, western Atlantic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11349. [PMID: 37443199 PMCID: PMC10345111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropical coral reefs, as prominent marine diversity hotspots, are in decline, and long-term studies help to improve understanding of the effects of global warming, sea-level rise, ocean acidification, deterioration of water quality, and disease. Here, we evaluated relative coral abundance and reef accretion rates over the past 9000 years in Belize barrier and atoll reefs, the largest reef system in the Atlantic Ocean. Acropora palmata and Orbicella spp. have been the most common corals. The abundance of competitive, fast-growing acroporids was constant over multi-millennial timescales. A decline in A. cervicornis abundance, however, and three centennial-scale gaps in A. palmata occurrence, suggest that the modern decline in acroporids was not unprecedented. Stress-tolerant corals predominate at the beginning of Holocene successions. Following the improvement of environmental conditions after inundation of the reef pedestal, their abundance has decreased. The abundance of weedy corals has increased during the Holocene underlining the importance of fecundity for the coral community. Reef-accretion rate, as calculated based on 76 new U-series age dates, has decreased over the Holocene and the mean value of 3.36 m kyr-1 is at the lower end of global reef growth compilations and predicted future rates of rise in sea level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard Gischler
- Institute of Geosciences, Goethe-University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | | | | | - Soran Parang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michael Deveaux
- GSI Helmholtz Center of Heavy Ion Research, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
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32
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Melchor R, Perez M, Villegas P, Espinoza N, Umazano A, Cardonatto MC. Early Cretaceous lepidosaur (sphenodontian?) burrows. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10209. [PMID: 37353642 PMCID: PMC10290101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Scarce fossil tetrapod burrows have been recorded in Cretaceous rocks, which is probably linked to the dominant equable climates that existed for most of this period. The occurrence of Cretaceous tetrapod burrows from Patagonia (Chubut Province, Argentina) dated between 118 and 115 million years ago, gives insights into their paleoecology and paleoenvironment. The rocks containing the tetrapod burrows are of pyroclastic origin and represent eolian dunes and ash-fall deposits, some reworked by fluvial currents and others showing soil development. Fossil burrow casts preserved in a paleosol are composed by a ramp with a slightly curved or straight path in plan-view and lacking bifurcation, a rounded termination with no enlargement, showing a reniform cross-section, and are assigned to the ichnospecies Reniformichnus katikatii. The strongly flattened cross-sectional shape of the burrow casts and comparison with modern lizard burrows suggest that the producers were lepidosaurs (body mass = 50-323 g). Among Cretaceous fossorial lepidosaurs from Patagonia, the best candidate is an eilenodontine sphenodontian. Sphenodontians burrowed in the fossil soils where also arthropods, earthworms and shrubby plants thrived. The rare occurrence of tetrapod burrows in Cretaceous rocks is linked to stressing conditions related to frequent arrival of volcanic ash and a semiarid seasonal climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Melchor
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de La Pampa), Mendoza 109, 6300, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
- Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Av. Uruguay 151, 6300, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
| | - Mariano Perez
- Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Av. Uruguay 151, 6300, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Pablo Villegas
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de La Pampa), Mendoza 109, 6300, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Nahuel Espinoza
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de La Pampa), Mendoza 109, 6300, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Aldo Umazano
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de La Pampa), Mendoza 109, 6300, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
- Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Av. Uruguay 151, 6300, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - M Cristina Cardonatto
- Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Av. Uruguay 151, 6300, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
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33
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Wang XF, Zhang ZJ, Yue WV, Yue ZQ. Digitalization of hydraulic rotary drilling process for continuously mechanical profiling of siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3701. [PMID: 36879103 PMCID: PMC9988936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30837-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydraulic rotary drilling can offer the essential information and core samplesa for the researches on solid earth. Recording the factual field drilling data and analyzing the hydraulic rotary coring process are challenging yet promising to utilize the massive drilling information in geophysics and geology. This paper adopts the drilling process monitoring (DPM) technique and records the four parameters of displacement, thrust pressure, upward pressure, and rotation speed in real-time series for profiling the siliciclastic sedimentary rocks along 108 m deep drillhole. The digitalization results with 107 linear zones represent the spatial distribution of drilled geomaterials including superficial deposits (fill, loess, gravelly soil), mudstone, silty mudstone, gritstone, and fine sandstone. The constant drilling speeds varying from 0.018 to 1.905 m/min present the in-situ coring resistance of drilled geomaterials. Furthermore, the constant drilling speeds can identify the strength quality of soils to hard rocks. The thickness distributions of the six basic strength quality grades are presented for all the sedimentary rocks and each individual type of the seven soil and rocks. The in-situ strength profile determined in this paper can be used to assess and evaluate the in-situ mechanical behavior of geomaterial along the drillhole and can provide a new mechanical-based assessment for determining the spatial distribution of geological strata and structures in subsurface. They are important since the same stratum at different depths can have different mechanical behavior. The results provide a novel quantitative measurement for continuously in-situ mechanical profiling by digital drilling data. The findings of the paper can offer a new and effective method for refinement and upgrading of in-situ ground investigation, and can provide researchers and engineers with a novel tool and valuable reference to digitize and utilize factual data of current drilling projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Z J Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - W V Yue
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Q Yue
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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34
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Chingwaru SJ, Von der Heyden B, Tadie M. An underexploited invisible gold resource in the Archean sulphides of the Witwatersrand tailings dumps. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3086. [PMID: 36813839 PMCID: PMC9946953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The tailings dumps originating from gold mining in South Africa's Witwatersrand still contain notable gold endowments. Most tailings reprocessing operations target a native gold fraction using re-milling and carbon-in-leach extraction; however, up to 50-70% of the remaining gold is still not recoverable and instead discarded to the re-dump stream along with abundant sulphides. The mineralogical deportment of this unrecoverable gold underwent a detailed investigation. Using in situ laser ablation ICP-MS mineral chemistry measurements, we show that this gold that is inaccessible to conventional recovery is hosted preferentially in pyrite and arsenian pyrite. Importantly, complementary optical and electron microscopy observations reveal that the rounded detrital forms of these minerals contain the highest gold concentrations (0.01-2730 ppm), showing some similarity to values reported for sulphides from primary orogenic gold deposits found in surrounding Archean-aged granite-greenstone belt remnants. We suggest that detrital auriferous sulphides have been overlooked by historical primary and secondary beneficiation, and thus represent a large (up to 420 tons Au) and under-exploited Au resource currently residing in easily-mined (surficial) Witwatersrand tailings dumps. We further suggest that targeted re-mining of sulphide mineral fraction has the potential to improve gold recovery, recuperate 'sweetener' by-product metals (e.g. Cu, Co, Ni) and directly eliminate heavy metal pollution and acid mine drainage issues associated with surficial tailings dumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Jason Chingwaru
- Department of Earth Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Bjorn Von der Heyden
- grid.11956.3a0000 0001 2214 904XDepartment of Earth Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | - Margreth Tadie
- grid.11956.3a0000 0001 2214 904XDepartment of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 Stellenbosch South Africa
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35
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Houttuijn Bloemendaal LJ, FitzGerald DM, Hughes ZJ, Novak AB, Georgiou IY. Reevaluating the wave power-salt marsh retreat relationship. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2884. [PMID: 36806366 PMCID: PMC9938853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt marshes are threatened by rising sea levels and human activities, and a major mechanism of marsh loss is edge retreat or erosion. To understand and predict loss in these valuable ecosystems, studies have related erosion to marsh hydrodynamics and wave characteristics such as wave power. Across global studies, erosion is reported to be largely linearly related to wave power, with this relationship having implications for the resilience of marshes to extreme events such as storms. However, there is significant variability in this relationship across marshes because of marsh heterogeneity and the uniqueness of each physical setting. Here, we investigate the results of individual studies throughout the world that report a linear relationship and add a new dataset from the Great Marsh in Massachusetts (USA). We find that most marsh wave power and erosion data are not normally distributed and when these datasets are properly plotted to account for their distributions, the resulting relationships vary from previously published curves. Our Great Marsh data suggest that events from specific wind directions can have an outsized impact on edge erosion due to their larger fetch and wind speeds. We also find that factors other than wave attack such as edge erosion along tidal channels, can have a measurable impact on retreat rates. We show the importance of maintaining statistical assumptions when performing regressions, as well as emphasize the site-specificity of these relationships. Without calibration of a marsh erosion-wave power relationship using robust regressions for each individual marsh, such a relationship is not fully constrained, resulting in unreliable predictions of future marsh resilience and response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. J. Houttuijn Bloemendaal
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - D. M. FitzGerald
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Z. J. Hughes
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - A. B. Novak
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - I. Y. Georgiou
- grid.487845.20000 0004 5936 5688The Water Institute of the Gulf, New Orleans, Louisiana USA
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36
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Klaes B, Thiele-Bruhn S, Wörner G, Höschen C, Mueller CW, Marx P, Arz HW, Breuer S, Kilian R. Iron (hydr)oxide formation in Andosols under extreme climate conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2818. [PMID: 36797309 PMCID: PMC9935883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox-driven biogeochemical cycling of iron plays an integral role in the complex process network of ecosystems, such as carbon cycling, the fate of nutrients and greenhouse gas emissions. We investigate Fe-(hydr)oxide (trans)formation pathways from rhyolitic tephra in acidic topsoils of South Patagonian Andosols to evaluate the ecological relevance of terrestrial iron cycling for this sensitive fjord ecosystem. Using bulk geochemical analyses combined with micrometer-scale-measurements on individual soil aggregates and tephra pumice, we document biotic and abiotic pathways of Fe released from the glassy tephra matrix and titanomagnetite phenocrysts. During successive redox cycles that are controlled by frequent hydrological perturbations under hyper-humid climate, (trans)formations of ferrihydrite-organic matter coprecipitates, maghemite and hematite are closely linked to tephra weathering and organic matter turnover. These Fe-(hydr)oxides nucleate after glass dissolution and complexation with organic ligands, through maghemitization or dissolution-(re)crystallization processes from metastable precursors. Ultimately, hematite represents the most thermodynamically stable Fe-(hydr)oxide formed under these conditions and physically accumulates at redox interfaces, whereas the ferrihydrite coprecipitates represent a so far underappreciated terrestrial source of bio-available iron for fjord bioproductivity. The insights into Fe-(hydr)oxide (trans)formation in Andosols have implications for a better understanding of biogeochemical cycling of iron in this unique Patagonian fjord ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Klaes
- Geology Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296, Trier, Germany. .,Soil Science Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296, Trier, Germany.
| | - Sören Thiele-Bruhn
- grid.12391.380000 0001 2289 1527Soil Science Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wörner
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Division of Geochemistry and Isotope Geology, GZG, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carmen Höschen
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Soil Science, Research Department Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Carsten W. Mueller
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Soil Science, Research Department Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment for Geosciences and Environmental Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 København K, Denmark
| | - Philipp Marx
- grid.12391.380000 0001 2289 1527Soil Science Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Helge Wolfgang Arz
- grid.423940.80000 0001 2188 0463Marine Geology Section, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sonja Breuer
- grid.15606.340000 0001 2155 4756Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rolf Kilian
- grid.12391.380000 0001 2289 1527Geology Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany ,grid.442242.60000 0001 2287 1761University of Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas, Chile
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37
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Burton ZFM, McHargue T, Kremer CH, Bloch RB, Gooley JT, Jaikla C, Harrington J, Graham SA. Peak Cenozoic warmth enabled deep-sea sand deposition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1276. [PMID: 36755039 PMCID: PMC9908870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The early Eocene (~ 56-48 million years ago) was marked by peak Cenozoic warmth and sea levels, high CO2, and largely ice-free conditions. This time has been described as a period of increased continental erosion and silicate weathering. However, these conclusions are based largely on geochemical investigation of marine mudstones and carbonates or study of intermontane Laramide basin settings. Here, we evaluate the marine coarse siliciclastic response to early Paleogene hothouse climatic and oceanographic conditions. We compile an inventory of documented sand-rich (turbidite) deep-marine depositional systems, recording 59 instances of early Eocene turbidite systems along nearly all continental margins despite globally-elevated sea levels. Sand-rich systems were widespread on active margins (42 instances), but also on passive margins (17 instances). Along passive margins, 13 of 17 early Eocene systems are associated with known Eocene-age fluvial systems, consistent with a fluvial clastic response to Paleogene warming. We suggest that deep-marine sedimentary basins preserve clastic records of early Eocene climatic extremes. We also suggest that in addition to control by eustasy and tectonism, climate-driven increases in sediment supply (e.g., drainage integration, global rainfall, denudation) may significantly contribute to the global distribution and volume of coarse-grained deep-marine deposition despite high sea level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary F. M. Burton
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Tim McHargue
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Christopher H. Kremer
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Roger B. Bloch
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Jared T. Gooley
- grid.2865.90000000121546924U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA
| | - Chayawan Jaikla
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Jake Harrington
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Stephan A. Graham
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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38
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Meng F, Gan H, Wang H, Chen S, Gong Y, Zhang Q. Geochemical characteristics and provenance of the detrital sediments in the junction area of Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins, South China Sea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1667. [PMID: 36717583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Together, the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins have received a large amount of terrigenous sediments, but the provenance evolution of Cenozoic sediments in the two basins remains disputable. Combined with previous studies in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins, the elemental geochemistry of Oligocene to Pliocene sediment samples in the junction area of the two basins were analyzed to explore the tectonic implications, parent rock characteristics, and provenance evolution of the two basins during the Cenozoic. The results reveal that all the sediment samples were derived from continental island arc to passive continental margin settings. The light REE enrichment and stable content of heavy REE with large negative Eu anomalies indicate that they were probably derived from Hainan Island. The reconstructed provenance evolution model showed that the Red River Source (RRS) provided sedimentary materials for the Central Depression of Yinggehai Basin from the Oligocene to the Pliocene, and Hainan Island Source (HIS) was also one of the sources for sediments deposited in the Central Depression of Yinggehai Basin during the Miocene. However, most of the sediments preserved in the Yingdong Slope and Qiongdongnan Basin were derived from the HIS from the Oligocene to the Pliocene, and sediments deposited in the Yingdong Slope were also derived from the RRS during the Miocene. Furthermore, the junction area of the two basins had a mixed source of the RRS and HIS during the Cenozoic.
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Fisher GB, Luna LV, Amidon WH, Burbank DW, de Boer B, Stap LB, Bookhagen B, Godard V, Oskin ME, Alonso RN, Tuenter E, Lourens LJ. Milankovitch-paced erosion in the southern Central Andes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:424. [PMID: 36702814 PMCID: PMC9880006 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been hypothesized that climate can modify both the pattern and magnitude of erosion in mountainous landscapes, thereby controlling morphology, rates of deformation, and potentially modulating global carbon and nutrient cycles through weathering feedbacks. Although conceptually appealing, geologic evidence for a direct climatic control on erosion has remained ambiguous owing to a lack of high-resolution, long-term terrestrial records and suitable field sites. Here we provide direct terrestrial field evidence for long-term synchrony between erosion rates and Milankovitch-driven, 400-kyr eccentricity cycles using a Plio-Pleistocene cosmogenic radionuclide paleo-erosion rate record from the southern Central Andes. The observed climate-erosion coupling across multiple orbital cycles, when combined with results from the intermediate complexity climate model CLIMBER-2, are consistent with the hypothesis that relatively modest fluctuations in precipitation can cause synchronous and nonlinear responses in erosion rates as landscapes adjust to ever-evolving hydrologic boundary conditions imposed by oscillating climate regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Burch Fisher
- grid.89336.370000 0004 1936 9924Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA ,grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Lisa V. Luna
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - William H. Amidon
- grid.260002.60000 0000 9743 9925Department of Earth and Climate Sciences, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA
| | - Douglas W. Burbank
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Bas de Boer
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Earth and Climate Cluster, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lennert B. Stap
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bodo Bookhagen
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Geoscience, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Vincent Godard
- grid.498067.40000 0001 0845 4216Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France ,grid.440891.00000 0001 1931 4817Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Michael E. Oskin
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Ricardo N. Alonso
- grid.10821.3a0000 0004 0490 9553Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Erik Tuenter
- grid.8653.80000000122851082Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the Netherlands
| | - Lucas J. Lourens
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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40
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Maged A, Abu El-Magd SA, Radwan AE, Kharbish S, Zamzam S. Evaluation insight into Abu Zenima clay deposits as a prospective raw material source for ceramics industry: Remote Sensing and Characterization. Sci Rep 2023; 13:58. [PMID: 36593265 PMCID: PMC9807103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development and mutations have heightened ceramic industrialization to supply the countries' requirements worldwide. Therefore, the continuous exploration for new reserves of possible ceramic-raw materials is needed to overwhelm the increased demand for ceramic industries. In this study, the suitability assessment of potential applications for Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) clay deposits at Abu Zenima area, as raw materials in ceramic industries, was extensively performed. Remote sensing data were employed to map the Kaolinite-bearing formation as well as determine the additional occurrences of clay reserves in the studied area. In this context, ten representative clayey materials from the Matulla Formation were sampled and examined for their mineralogical, geochemical, morphological, physical, thermal, and plasticity characteristics. The mineralogical and chemical compositions of starting clay materials were examined. The physicochemical surface properties of the studied clay were studied utilizing SEM-EDX and TEM. The particle-size analysis confirmed the adequate characteristics of samples for white ceramic stoneware and ceramic tiles manufacturing. The technological and suitability properties of investigated clay deposits proved the industrial appropriateness of Abu Zenima clay as a potential ceramic raw material for various ceramic products. The existence of high kaolin reserves in the studied area with reasonable quality and quantity has regional significance. It would significantly help reduce the manufacturing cost and overwhelm the high consumption rate. The ceramic manufacturers in the investigated areas are expected to bring steady producers into the industry in the long term to gain the advantage of low-cost raw materials, labor, and factory construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Maged
- grid.430657.30000 0004 4699 3087Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, P.O. Box 43518, El Salam City, Suez Governorate Egypt
| | - Sherif Ahmed Abu El-Magd
- grid.430657.30000 0004 4699 3087Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, P.O. Box 43518, El Salam City, Suez Governorate Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Radwan
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Faculty of Geography and Geology, Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sherif Kharbish
- grid.430657.30000 0004 4699 3087Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, P.O. Box 43518, El Salam City, Suez Governorate Egypt
| | - Sara Zamzam
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44519 Sharkia Governorate Egypt
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Li C, Zheng Y, Wang X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Chen L, Zhang L, Zhao P, Liu Y, Lv W, Liu Y, Zhao X, Hao J, Sun W, Liu X, Jia B, Li J, Lan H, Fa W, Pan Y, Wu F. Author Correction: Layered subsurface in Utopia Basin of Mars revealed by Zhurong rover radar. Nature 2023; 614:E30. [PMID: 36694002 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Rodríguez-López JP, Wu C, Vishnivetskaya TA, Murton JB, Tang W, Ma C. Permafrost in the Cretaceous supergreenhouse. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7946. [PMID: 36572668 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Earth's climate during the last 4.6 billion years has changed repeatedly between cold (icehouse) and warm (greenhouse) conditions. The hottest conditions (supergreenhouse) are widely assumed to have lacked an active cryosphere. Here we show that during the archetypal supergreenhouse Cretaceous Earth, an active cryosphere with permafrost existed in Chinese plateau deserts (astrochonological age ca. 132.49-132.17 Ma), and that a modern analogue for these plateau cryospheric conditions is the aeolian-permafrost system we report from the Qiongkuai Lebashi Lake area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Significantly, Cretaceous plateau permafrost was coeval with largely marine cryospheric indicators in the Arctic and Australia, indicating a strong coupling of the ocean-atmosphere system. The Cretaceous permafrost contained a rich microbiome at subtropical palaeolatitude and 3-4 km palaeoaltitude, analogous to recent permafrost in the western Himalayas. A mindset of persistent ice-free greenhouse conditions during the Cretaceous has stifled consideration of permafrost thaw as a contributor of C and nutrients to the palaeo-oceans and palaeo-atmosphere.
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Saleh F, Vaucher R, Vidal M, Hariri KE, Laibl L, Daley AC, Gutiérrez-Marco JC, Candela Y, Harper DAT, Ortega-Hernández J, Ma X, Rida A, Vizcaïno D, Lefebvre B. New fossil assemblages from the Early Ordovician Fezouata Biota. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20773. [PMID: 36513689 PMCID: PMC9747710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fezouata Biota (Morocco) is a unique Early Ordovician fossil assemblage. The discovery of this biota revolutionized our understanding of Earth's early animal diversifications-the Cambrian Explosion and the Ordovician Radiation-by suggesting an evolutionary continuum between both events. Herein, we describe Taichoute, a new fossil locality from the Fezouata Shale. This locality extends the temporal distribution of fossil preservation from this formation into the upper Floian, while also expanding the range of depositional environments to more distal parts of the shelf. In Taichoute, most animals were transported by density flows, unlike the in-situ preservation of animals recovered in previously investigated Fezouata sites. Taichoute is dominated by three-dimensionally preserved, and heavily sclerotized fragments of large euarthropods-possibly representing nektobenthic/nektic bivalved taxa and/or hurdiid radiodonts. Resolving whether this dominance reflects a legitimate aspect of the original ecosystem or a preservational bias requires an in-depth assessment of the environmental conditions at this site. Nevertheless, Taichoute provides novel preservational and palaeontological insights during a key evolutionary transition in the history of life on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Saleh
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Institute of Earth Sciences (ISTE), University of Lausanne, Geopolis, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.440773.30000 0000 9342 2456Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China ,grid.440773.30000 0000 9342 2456MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Romain Vaucher
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Institute of Earth Sciences (ISTE), University of Lausanne, Geopolis, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Vidal
- Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, Geo-Ocean, UMR 6538, Place Nicolas Copernic, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Khadija El Hariri
- grid.411840.80000 0001 0664 9298Laboratoire de Géoressources, Géoenvironnement Et Génie Civil ‘L3G’, Faculté Des Sciences Et Techniques, Université Cadi-Ayyad, BP 549, 40000 Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Lukáš Laibl
- grid.447909.70000 0001 2220 6788Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geology, Rozvojová 269, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Allison C. Daley
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Institute of Earth Sciences (ISTE), University of Lausanne, Geopolis, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Marco
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC, UCM), Departamento GEODESPAL, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Spanish Research Council, José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yves Candela
- grid.422302.50000 0001 0943 6159Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, EH1 1JF UK
| | - David A. T. Harper
- grid.8250.f0000 0000 8700 0572Palaeoecosystems Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Javier Ortega-Hernández
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMuseum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Xiaoya Ma
- grid.440773.30000 0000 9342 2456Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China ,grid.440773.30000 0000 9342 2456MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China ,grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Ariba Rida
- grid.411840.80000 0001 0664 9298Université Cadi Ayyad, École Normale Supérieure, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Daniel Vizcaïno
- Independent, 7 rue Chardin, Maquens, 11090 Carcassonne, France
| | - Bertrand Lefebvre
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR5276, LGL-TPE, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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Wahab A, Hoyal DC, Shringarpure M, Straub KM. A dimensionless framework for predicting submarine fan morphology. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7563. [PMID: 36481765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Observations of active turbidity currents at field scale offers a limited scope which challenges the development of theory that links flow dynamics to the morphology of submarine fans. Here we offer a framework for predicting submarine fan morphologies by simplifying critical environmental forcings such as regional slopes and properties of sediments, through densimetric Froude (ratio of inertial to gravitational forces) and Rouse numbers (ratio of settling velocity of sediments to shear velocity) of turbidity currents. We leverage a depth-average process-based numerical model to simulate an array of submarine fans and measure rugosity as a proxy for their morphological complexity. We show a systematic increase in rugosity by either increasing the densimetric Froude number or decreasing the Rouse number of turbidity currents. These trends reflect gradients in the dynamics of channel migration on the fan surface and help discriminate submarine fans that effectively sequester organic carbon rich mud in deep ocean strata.
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Hernández-Molina FJ, Tari G, Scarselli N, Raharisolofo H, Rahajarivelo SF, Kirby A, de Weger W, Llave E, Mergnat A. Evolution and morphology of a contourite depositional system based on new evidence from 3D-seismic data offshore Madagascar (Paleogene, Morondava Basin). Sci Rep 2022; 12:19931. [PMID: 36402908 PMCID: PMC9675817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous bottom current-controlled depositional and erosional features, which together form Contourite Depositional Systems (CDS), have been recognized in deep-water settings over the past decade. Most of these systems are described based on two-dimensional (2D) seismic data, whereas only a few CDS have been characterised from high-resolution 3D data. Here we document a newly identified CDS that formed during the Paleocene within the Morondava Basin, offshore west Madagascar, through analysis of a depth-migrated 3D seismic survey, enhanced by the implementation of seismic attributes. Three seismic units (SU) mark the main evolutionary stages of the CDS: (a) the onset (SU1), (b) drift growth (SU2), and (c) burial (SU3) stages. The growth stage documents lateral upslope migration of a mounded drift and its associated moat. The increasing, long-term influence of bottom currents along the foot of the slope occurred simultaneously with plate tectonic, climatic and oceanographic changes. Evidence amassed from the CDS highly erosive bounding discontinuities, internal discontinuities, and moat architecture all indicate the intermittent behaviour of the currents over shorter time frames during its formation. Drift deposits form under the influence of weaker currents, while discontinuities appear to record the most vigorous currents, producing the large-scale morphology of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Javier Hernández-Molina
- grid.4970.a0000 0001 2188 881XDepartment of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX Surrey UK
| | - Gabor Tari
- OMV Exploration and Production GmbH, Trabrennstrasse 6-8, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicola Scarselli
- grid.4970.a0000 0001 2188 881XDepartment of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX Surrey UK
| | | | | | - Adam Kirby
- grid.4970.a0000 0001 2188 881XDepartment of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX Surrey UK
| | - Wouter de Weger
- grid.4970.a0000 0001 2188 881XDepartment of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX Surrey UK
| | - Estefania Llave
- grid.421265.60000 0004 1767 8176Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME, CSIC), Rios Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrien Mergnat
- grid.4970.a0000 0001 2188 881XDepartment of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX Surrey UK
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Mason CC, Romans BW, Patterson MO, Stockli DF, Fildani A. Cycles of Andean mountain building archived in the Amazon Fan. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6983. [PMID: 36379929 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordilleran orogenic systems have complex, polycyclic magmatic and deformation histories, and the timescales and mechanisms of episodic orogenesis are still debated. Here, we show that detrital zircons (DZs) in terrigenous sediment from the late Pleistocene Amazon Fan, found at the terminus of the continent-scale Amazon River-fan system, record multiple, distinct modes of U-Pb crystallization ages and U-Th/He (ZHe) cooling ages that correlate to known South American magmatic and tectonic events. The youngest ZHe ages delineate two recent phases of Andean orogenesis; one in the Late Cretaceous - Paleogene, and another in the Miocene. Frequency analyses of the deep-time Phanerozoic record of DZ U-Pb and ZHe ages demonstrate a strong 72 Myr period in magmatic events, and 92 Myr and 57 Myr periods in crustal cooling. We interpret these results as evidence of changes in upper and lower plate coupling, associated with multiple episodes of magmatism and crustal deformation along the subduction-dominated western margin of South America.
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Buchner E, Sach VJ, Schmieder M. Event- and biostratigraphic evidence for two independent Ries and Steinheim asteroid impacts in the Middle Miocene. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18603. [PMID: 36329052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, the Nördlinger Ries and Steinheim Basin in southern Germany have been regarded as a textbook example of a terrestrial impact crater doublet, although the oldest crater lake deposits in both craters suggest a biostratigraphic age difference of ~ 0.5 to 1 Myr. We previously presented stratigraphic arguments that challenged the double impact scenario and favoured a model of two temporally independent impact events in the Mid-Miocene. We here present, for the first time, four localities within a distance of ~ 50-100 km from the Ries and ~ 50-70 km from the Steinheim crater that expose two independent seismite horizons, together unique within the Upper Freshwater Molasse of the North Alpine Foreland Basin, each one featuring impressive water escape structures. The seismite horizons are separated by ~ 10 to 15 m of undisturbed Molasse deposits and, biostratigraphically, by an entire European Land Mammal Zone, thus providing evidence for two independent major seismic events within a time span of ~ 0.5-1 Myr. Both the lower and the upper seismite horizons can be correlated litho- and biostratigraphically with the basal crater lake sediments at the Ries and Steinheim craters, respectively, deposited immediately after the impacts. From a biostratigraphic point of view, the impact event that formed the Steinheim Basin probably occured around 14 Ma, some 0.8 Myr after the ~ 14.81 Ma Ries impact event.
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Zachariasse WJ, Lourens LJ. About the age and depositional depth of the sediments with reported bipedal footprints at Trachilos (NW Crete, Greece). Sci Rep 2022; 12:18471. [PMID: 36323766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New data on the foraminifers and the regional geological setting of the Trachilos sediments (NW Crete, Greece) from which Gierlinski et al. (Proc Geol Assoc 128: 697-710, 2017) described hominin-like footprints show that the published 6.05 Ma-shallow marine interpretation is incorrect. In our new interpretation, the Trachilos succession is Late Pliocene and part of a shallowing marine series that became subaerially exposed some 3 millions of years ago. Placed in a larger geological context, Crete was an island during the Late Pliocene and separated by ~ 100 km of open sea from the nearest European mainland, and therefore out of reach of Late Pliocene hominins.
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Török GT, Parker G. The influence of riparian woody vegetation on bankfull alluvial river morphodynamics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18141. [PMID: 36307439 PMCID: PMC9616844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the effects of bank vegetation on fluvial morphodynamics has long been an essential part of fluvial morphodynamic-related research. In a practical sense, a central question is: does increased vegetation density increase or decrease the channel width? Several aspects concerning the role of vegetation may result in examples of both width decrease and increase. In this study, we examined more than 170 alluvial river sections. Our goal was to detect the phenomena that ultimately determine riparian woody vegetation-induced width variation. We found that bed material is a governing factor. In the case of fine-grained material, i.e. median size D50 < 2 mm, increasingly densely forested riparian vegetation reduces the bankfull Shields number, and destabilizes the banks toward a wider bankfull channel. In the case of coarse-grained material (i.e. median size D50 ≥ 16 mm), the effect is the opposite; increased density is correlated with a higher bankfull Shields number and a narrower bankfull channel. The extent of the role of vegetation varies depending on the ratio of characteristic root zone depth to channel depth and channel width. We present an improved estimator for bankfull Shields number, which considers riparian vegetation density. The bankfull Shields number can be estimated up to 19% more accurately with our corrected estimator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely T. Török
- ELKH-BME Water Management Research Group, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary ,grid.6759.d0000 0001 2180 0451National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gary Parker
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
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Alnazghah M, Koeshidayatullah A, Al-Hussaini A, Amao A, Song H, Al-Ramadan K. Evidence for the early Toarcian Carbon Isotope Excursion (T-CIE) from the shallow marine siliciclastic red beds of Arabia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18124. [PMID: 36302804 PMCID: PMC9613744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE) and its corresponding Carbon Isotope Excursion (CIE) have been reported widely across the Tethyan region and globally. In Arabia, and based on ammonite dating, the time window of the T-OAE coincided with the deposition of the reddish siliciclastic unit of the Marrat Formation. However, no evidence of the T-OAE/CIE was ever reported from Arabia because these red beds were previously interpreted as continental deposits. Recently, these red beds have been recognized as shallow marine deposits which opened an opportunity to assess the occurrence and expression of T-OAE-CIE in Arabia. In this study, a multiproxy geochemical characterization was performed on the Toarcian Marrat Formation to infer the chemistry of the paleowater column and identify intervals of possible T-OAE/CIE in Arabia. While the low concentrations of redox-sensitive elements (Mo, U, V, Cr) may indicate a shallow oxic marine settings, the coupled negative δ13Corganic excursion and apparent increase in the chemical weathering suggests that the deposition of Marrat red beds coincided with the development of T-CIE and possibly time-equivalent to the T-OAE globally. The origin of reddening is interpreted to have occurred during the middle Marrat deposition due to the stabilization of unstable hydrous iron oxides to hematite under oxic marine conditions. The proposed model further indicates the possible development of source rocks in the deep, anoxic environment counterpart where the T-OAE may be expressed. Since our study documents the first record of the T-CIE and discuss the origin of shallow marine siliciclastic red beds in the Arabian Plate, this will have significant implications for the overall understanding of the T-CIE globally and for hydrocarbon exploration through realizations of potential new source rocks associated with the OAEs in the Toarcian and other time intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Alnazghah
- grid.454873.90000 0000 9113 8494Exploration Organization, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ardiansyah Koeshidayatullah
- grid.412135.00000 0001 1091 0356Department of Geosciences, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia ,grid.412135.00000 0001 1091 0356Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim Al-Hussaini
- grid.454873.90000 0000 9113 8494Exploration Organization, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abduljamiu Amao
- grid.412135.00000 0001 1091 0356Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haijun Song
- grid.503241.10000 0004 1760 9015State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Khalid Al-Ramadan
- grid.412135.00000 0001 1091 0356Department of Geosciences, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia ,grid.412135.00000 0001 1091 0356Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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