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Kumar MR, Farmer PJ. Characterization of Polysulfides, Polysulfanes, and Other Unique Species in the Reaction between GSNO and H 2S. Molecules 2019; 24:E3090. [PMID: 31454893 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione-based products, GSnX, of the reaction of hydrogen sulfide, H2S, S-nitroso glutathione, and GSNO, at varied stoichiometries have been analyzed by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and chemical trapping experiments. A wide variety of glutathione-based species with catenated sulfur chains have been identified including sulfanes (GSSnG), sulfides (GSSnH), and sulfenic acids (GSnOH); sulfinic (GSnO2H) and sulfonic (GSnO3H) acids are also seen in reactions exposed to air. The presence of each species of GSnX within the original reaction mixtures was confirmed using Single Ion Chromatograms (SICs), to demonstrate the separation on the LC column, and given approximate quantification by the peak area of the SIC. Further, confirmation for different GSnX families was obtained by trapping with species-specific reagents. Several unique GSnX families have been characterized, including bridging mixed di- and tetra-valent polysulfanes and internal trithionitrates (GSNHSnH) with polysulfane branches. Competitive trapping experiments suggest that the polysulfane chains are formed via the intermediacy of sulfenic acid species, GSSnOH. In the presence of radical trap vinylcyclopropane (VCP) the relative distributions of polysulfane speciation are relatively unaffected, suggesting that radical coupling is not a dominant pathway. Therefore, we suggest polysulfane catenation occurs via reaction of sulfides with sulfenic acids.
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Block E, Dethier B, Bechand B, Cotelesage JJH, George GN, Goto K, Pickering IJ, Mendoza Rengifo E, Sheridan R, Sneeden EY, Vogt L. Ajothiolanes: 3,4-Dimethylthiolane Natural Products from Garlic ( Allium sativum). J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:10193-10204. [PMID: 30196701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stereoisomers of 5-(2-allylsulfinyl)-3,4-dimethylthiolane-2-ol, a family of 3,4-dimethylthiolanes of formula C9H16O2S2 we name ajothiolanes, were isolated from garlic ( Allium sativum) macerates and characterized by a variety of analytical and spectroscopic techniques, including ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC), direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS), and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Ajothiolanes were found to be spectroscopically identical to a family of previously described compounds named garlicnins B1-4 (C9H16O2S2), whose structures we demonstrate have been misassigned. 2D 13C-13C NMR incredible natural abundance double quantum transfer experiments (INADEQUATE) were used to disprove the claim of nine contiguous carbons in these compounds, while X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) along with computational modeling was used to disprove the claim that these compounds were thiolanesulfenic acids. On the basis of the similarity of their NMR spectra to those of the ajothiolanes, we propose that the structures of previously described, biologically active onionins A1-3 (C9H16O2S2), from extracts of onion ( Allium cepa) and Allium fistulosum, and garlicnin A (C12H20O2S4), from garlic extracts, should also be reassigned, in each case as isomeric mixtures of 5-substituted-3,4-dimethylthiolane-2-ols. We conclude that 3,4-dimethylthiolanes may be a common motif in Allium chemistry. Finally, we show that another garlic extract component, garlicnin D (C7H12O2S3), claimed to have an unprecedented structure, is in fact a known compound from garlic with a structure different from that proposed, namely, 2( E)-3-(methylsulfinyl)-2-propenyl 2-propenyl disulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Block
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Bérénice Dethier
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Benjamin Bechand
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Julien J H Cotelesage
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 O̅okayama , Meguro̅ku, Tokyo 152-8551 , Japan
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Emerita Mendoza Rengifo
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Robert Sheridan
- Food Laboratory Division , NYS Department of Agriculture and Markets , Albany , New York 12235 , United States
| | - Eileen Y Sneeden
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Linda Vogt
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
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Barattucci A, Aversa MC, Mancuso A, Salerno TMG, Bonaccorsi P. Transient Sulfenic Acids in the Synthesis of Biologically Relevant Products. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051030. [PMID: 29702582 PMCID: PMC6099585 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfenic acids as small molecules are too unstable to be isolated and their transient nature offers the possibility to involve them in concerted processes that lead to the obtainment of functional groups such as sulfoxides, sulfones, and disulfides. All these functions are present in a number of natural and synthetic drugs and can represent structural motives inducing biologically relevant properties. In this small review the generation and reactions of sulfenic acid bearing naturally occurring residues are described. Carbohydrate and aminoacid-derived sulfenic acids have been used in concerted addition with triple bonds to obtain alliin derivatives and thiosugars in enantiomerically pure form. Glycoconjugates with sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and disulfane functional groups and pyridine-derived disulfides have been obtained from bis- and tris-sulfinyl precursors of sulfenic acids. Small families of such compounds have been subjected to preliminary biological tests. Starting from the evidence that the control of molecular architecture and the presence of suitable functional groups can play a significant role on the exhibition of biological properties, apoptotic effects on malignant cells by glycoconjugates and inhibitory activity against the important human pathogen S. aureus by pyrimidine-derived disulfides have been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barattucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98166 Messina ME, Italy.
| | - Maria Chiara Aversa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98166 Messina ME, Italy.
| | - Aurora Mancuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98166 Messina ME, Italy.
| | - Tania Maria Grazia Salerno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98166 Messina ME, Italy.
| | - Paola Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98166 Messina ME, Italy.
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Abstract
Protein sulfenic acids play a key role in oxidative signal transduction of many biological and pathological processes; however, current chemical tools rely on visible fluorescence signals, limiting their utility to in vitro assays. We herein report reaction-based semiconducting polymer nanoprobes (rSPNs) with near-infrared absorption for in vivo photoacoustic (PA) imaging of protein sulfenic acids. rSPNs comprise an optically active semiconducting polymer as the core shielded with inert silica and poly(ethylene glycol) corona. The sulfenic acid reactive group (1,3-cyclohexanedione) is efficiently conjugated to the surface of nanoparticles via click chemistry. Such a nanostructure enables the specific recognition reaction between rSPNs and protein sulfenic acids without compromising the fluorescence and PA properties. In addition to in vitro tracking of the production of protein sulfenic acids in cancer cells under oxidative stress, rSPNs permit real-time PA and fluorescence imaging of protein sulfenic acids in tumors of living mice. This study thus not only demonstrates the first reaction-based PA probes with submolecular level recognition ability but also highlights the opportunities provided by hybrid nanoparticles for advanced molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lyu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637457
| | - Xu Zhen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637457
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637457
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637551
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637457
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Abstract
Peroxiredoxins are important hydroperoxide detoxification enzymes, yet have only come to the fore in recent years relative to the other major players in peroxide detoxification, heme-containing catalases and peroxidases and glutathione peroxidases. These cysteine-dependent peroxidases exhibit high reactivity with hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxides, and peroxynitrite and play major roles not only in peroxide defense, but also in regulating peroxide-mediated cell signaling. This overview focuses on important peroxiredoxin features that have emerged over the past several decades with an emphasis on catalytic mechanism, regulation, and biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie B. Poole
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Andrea Hall
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Kimberly J. Nelson
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
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Abstract
Peroxiredoxins are cysteine-dependent peroxidases that react with hydrogen peroxide, larger hydroperoxide substrates, and peroxynitrite. Protocols are provided to measure Prx activity with peroxide by (1) a coupled reaction with NADPH, thioredoxin reductase, and thioredoxin, (2) the direct monitoring of thioredoxin oxidation, (3) competition with horseradish peroxidase, and (4) peroxide consumption using the FOX assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J. Nelson
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Derek Parsonage
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC 27157
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