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Xie W, Wang Z, Wang J, Wang X, Guan H. Investigating the molecular mechanisms of microRNA‑409‑3p in tumor progression: Towards targeted therapeutics (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 65:67. [PMID: 38757364 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of non‑coding RNAs that exert master regulatory functions in post‑-transcriptional gene expression. Accumulating evidence shows that miRNAs can either promote or suppress tumorigenesis by regulating different target genes or pathways and may be involved in the occurrence of carcinoma. miR‑409‑3p is dysregulated in a variety of malignant cancers. It plays a fundamental role in numerous cellular biological processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, autophagy, angiogenesis and glycolysis. In addition, studies have shown that miR‑409‑3p is expected to become a non‑invasive biomarker. Identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying miR‑409‑3p‑mediated tumor progression will help investigate miR‑409‑3p‑based targeted therapy for human cancers. The present review comprehensively summarized the recently published literature on miR‑409‑3p, with a focus on the regulation and function of miR‑409‑3p in various types of cancer, and discussed the clinical implications of miR‑409‑3p, providing new insight for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Junke Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Hongzai Guan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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Min JH, Park CR, Gong Y, Chung MS, Nam SH, Yun HS, Kim CS. Rhamnogalacturonan lyase 1 (RGL1), as a suppressor of E3 ubiquitin ligase Arabidopsis thaliana ring zinc finger 1 (AtRZF1), is involved in dehydration response to mediate proline synthesis and pectin rhamnogalacturonan-I composition. Plant J 2024. [PMID: 38743860 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Proline metabolism plays a crucial role in both environmental stress responses and plant growth. However, the specific mechanism by which proline contributes to abiotic stress processes remains to be elucidated. In this study, we utilized atrzf1 (Arabidopsis thaliana ring zinc finger 1) as a parental line for T-DNA tagging mutagenesis and identified a suppressor mutant of atrzf1, designated proline content alterative 31 (pca31). The pca31 mutant suppressed the insensitivity of atrzf1 to dehydration stress during early seedling growth. Using Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced-PCR, we found that the T-DNA of pca31 was inserted into the promoter region of the At2g22620 gene, which encodes the cell wall enzyme rhamnogalacturonan lyase 1 (RGL1). Enzymatic assays indicated that RGL1 exhibited rhamnogalacturonan lyase activity, influencing cell wall pectin composition. The decrease in RGL1 gene expression suppressed the transcriptomic perturbation of the atrzf1 mutant. Silencing of the RGL1 gene in atrzf1 resulted in a sensitive phenotype similar to pca31 under osmotic stress conditions. Treatment with mannitol, salt, hydrogen peroxide, and abscisic acid induced RGL1 expression. Furthermore, we uncovered that RGL1 plays a role in modulating root growth and vascular tissue development. Molecular, physiological, and genetic experiments revealed that the positive modulation of RGL1 during abiotic stress was linked to the AtRZF1 pathway. Taken together, these findings establish that pca31 acts as a suppressor of atrzf1 in abiotic stress responses through proline and cell wall metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Min
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas, 77843-2128, USA
| | - Cho-Rong Park
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying Gong
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Soo Chung
- Research Division for Radiation Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeonlabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Nam
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sup Yun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
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Agnew RJ, Alexander A, Goad C, Pace N, Beel J, Alabaaltahin Y, Denny B. Quantification of suppressor effects on breech and action noise from AR-15 pattern firearms and its implications for the protection of human hearing. J Occup Environ Hyg 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38687778 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2024.2334288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Noise from firearms is well known to be harmful to human hearing. This problem has been addressed by various military units through the use of muzzle suppressors. However, as suppressor technology has advanced, shooters report hearing the mechanical action of gas-operated semi-automatic rifles (ArmaLite Rifle Model 15 style aka AR-15) as being louder than the suppressed muzzle noise. This study aims to evaluate if harmful noise is present in the shooter's ear, even when impulse noise emanating from the muzzle is suppressed. To characterize the impulse noise of the firearm action caused by the reciprocation of the bolt carrier group (BCG) and subsequent impact when it returns to battery (the forward locked position), the muzzle of a rifle was placed through a constructed plywood wall, and the noise of the action/breech was measured independently from the muzzle noise. This research finds that the impact of the BCG returning to battery (132 dBZ) has the potential to be harmful to the shooter's hearing even when the noise from the muzzle is effectively suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Agnew
- Fire Protection and Safety Engineering Technology Program, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Aaron Alexander
- Mechanical Engineering Technology Program, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Carla Goad
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Nason Pace
- Fire Protection and Safety Engineering Technology Program, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Justin Beel
- Fire Protection and Safety Engineering Technology Program, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Yasir Alabaaltahin
- Fire Protection and Safety Engineering Technology Program, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Bo Denny
- Fire Protection and Safety Engineering Technology Program, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Ye X, Ding D, Chen Y, Liu C, Li Z, Lou B, Zhou Y. Identification of RNA silencing suppressor encoded by citrus chlorotic dwarf-associated virus. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1328289. [PMID: 38333582 PMCID: PMC10850569 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1328289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Citrus chlorotic dwarf-associated virus (CCDaV) is an economically important citrus virus associated with leaf curling, deformation, and chlorosis found in China. Plants have evolved RNA silencing to defend against viral infections; however, the mechanism by which CCDaV suppresses RNA silencing in citrus remains unknown. Methods Six proteins encoded by CCDaV were ectopically expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana 16c using the pCHF3 vector to identify RNA-silencing suppression activities. Results V2 protein encoded by CCDaV suppressed local RNA silencing and systemic RNA silencing triggered by GFP RNA, but did not impede short-distance movement of the RNA silencing signal in N. benthamiana 16c. GFP fluorescence observations showed that the ability of V2 protein to suppress RNA silencing was weaker than tomato bushy stunt virus P19. Deletion analysis showed that the putative nuclear localization signal (NLS, 25-54 aa) was involved in the RNA silencing suppression activity of V2 protein. Furthermore, V2 protein cannot block dsRNA-triggered RNA silencing. The subcellular localization assay suggested that V2 protein was localized to nucleus of N. benthamiana. Conclusion Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that CCDaV-V2 acts as an activity of silencing suppression. This is the first reported RNA-silencing suppressor encoded by Citlodavirus and will be valuable in revealing the molecular mechanism of CCDaV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ye
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City/Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongdong Ding
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City/Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City/Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Lemon Industry Development Center, Anyue, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongan Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City/Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Binghai Lou
- Guangxi Citrus Breeding and Cultivation Research Center of Engineering Technology/Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City/Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Li Y, Meng L, Lou G. Revealing the inhibitory effect of VASH1 on ovarian cancer from multiple perspectives. Cancer Biol Ther 2023; 24:2285817. [PMID: 38010374 PMCID: PMC10783835 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2023.2285817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of Vasohibin-1 (VASH1) in human cancer has not been thoroughly or comprehensively examined. Here, we identified the tumor suppressor part of VASH1 across cancers, including epithelial ovarian tumors. Our study carefully contrasted the expression of VASH1 in pancancer and nontumorous tissues in a public database to explore its regulatory role in clinical prognosis, diagnosis, tumor purity, and immune cell infiltration. Next, we explored the antitumor mechanism of VASH1 through drug sensitivity, functional enrichment, and phenotypic experiments in ovarian cancer. Research suggests that the expression of VASH1 in neoplastic tissues is lower than that in normal tissues. VASH1 affects the OS and RFS of several tumor types. In addition, VASH1 expression resulted in a high OS and RFS in the diagnosis of tumor and nontumor tissues and negatively regulated tumor purity. Moreover, VASH1 controls the tumor microenvironment by regulating immunocyte infiltration. In ovarian cancer, VASH1 can serve as a biomarker to estimate the efficacy of chemotherapy. Functional enrichment analysis suggests that VASH1 plays a tumor suppressor role by regulating the extracellular matrix receptor pathway. VASH1 inhibition of the malignant phenotype of ovarian cancer cells was further confirmed by in vivo experiments. These results indicate that VASH1 acts as a cancer-inhibiting factor and potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Liu G, Han X, Yu X, Wang Y, Ma J, Yang Y. Identification of Aly1 and Aly2 as Modulators of Cytoplasmic pH in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 46:171-182. [PMID: 38248315 PMCID: PMC10814103 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The regulation of intracellular pH in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells is critical for cell function and viability. In yeast, protons (H+) can be excreted from the cell by plasma membrane ATPase PMA1 and pumped into vacuoles by vacuolar H+-ATPase. Because PMA1 is critical to the survival of yeast cells, it is unknown whether other compensatory components are involved in pH homeostasis in the absence of PMA1. To elucidate how intracellular pH is regulated independently of PMA1, we employed a screening approach by exposing the yeast haploid deletion mutant library (ver 4.0) to the selective plant plasma membrane H+-ATPase inhibitor PS-1, which we previously reported. After repeated screenings and verification, we identified two proteins, Aly1 and Aly2, that play a role in the regulation of intracellular pH when PMA1 is deficient. Our research uncovers a new perspective on the regulation of intracellular pH related to PMA1 and also preliminarily reveals a role for Aly1 and Aly2 in the regulation of intracellular pH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (G.L.); (X.H.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.)
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Zou Q, Dong H, Cronan JE. Growth of Enterococcus faecalis ∆ plsX strains is restored by increased saturated fatty acid synthesis. mSphere 2023; 8:e0012023. [PMID: 37289195 PMCID: PMC10449490 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00120-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Enterococcus faecalis acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) phosphate acyltransferase PlsX plays an important role in phospholipid synthesis and exogenous fatty acid incorporation. Loss of plsX almost completely blocks growth by decreasing de novo phospholipid synthesis, which leads to abnormally long-chain acyl chains in the cell membrane phospholipids. The ∆plsX strain failed to grow without supplementation with an appropriate exogenous fatty acid. Introduction of a ∆fabT mutation into the ∆plsX strain to increase fatty acid synthesis allowed very weak growth. The ∆plsX strain accumulated suppressor mutants. One of these encoded a truncated β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II (FabO) which restored normal growth and restored de novo phospholipid acyl chain synthesis by increasing saturated acyl-ACP synthesis. Saturated acyl-ACPs are cleaved by a thioesterase to provide free fatty acids for conversion to acyl-phosphates by the FakAB system. The acyl-phosphates are incorporated into position sn1 of the phospholipids by PlsY. We report the tesE gene encodes a thioesterase that can provide free fatty acids. However, we were unable to delete the chromosomal tesE gene to confirm that it is the responsible enzyme. TesE readily cleaves unsaturated acyl-ACPs, whereas saturated acyl-ACPs are cleaved much more slowly. Overexpression of an E. faecalis enoyl-ACP reductase either FabK or FabI which results in high levels of saturated fatty acid synthesis also restored the growth of the ∆plsX strain. The ∆plsX strain grew faster in the presence of palmitic acid than in the presence of oleic acid with improvement in phospholipid acyl chain synthesis. Positional analysis of the acyl chain distribution in the phospholipids showed that saturated acyl chains dominate the sn1-position indicating a preference for saturated fatty acids at this position. High-level production of saturated acyl-ACPs is required to offset the marked preference of the TesE thioesterase for unsaturated acyl-ACPs and allow the initiation of phospholipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Huijuan Dong
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - John E. Cronan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Vu HN, Valdimarsson MM, Sigurbjörnsdóttir S, Bergsteinsdóttir K, Debbache J, Bismuth K, Swing DA, Hallsson JH, Larue L, Arnheiter H, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Heidarsson PO, Steingrímsson E. Novel mechanisms of MITF regulation and melanoma predisposition identified in a mouse suppressor screen. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.04.551952. [PMID: 37786677 PMCID: PMC10541597 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.04.551952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
MITF, a basic-Helix-Loop-Helix Zipper (bHLHZip) transcription factor, plays vital roles in melanocyte development and functions as an oncogene. To explore MITF regulation and its role in melanoma, we conducted a genetic screen for suppressors of the Mitf-associated pigmentation phenotype. An intragenic Mitf mutation was identified, leading to termination of MITF at the K316 SUMOylation site and loss of the C-end intrinsically disordered region (IDR). The resulting protein is more nuclear but less stable than wild-type MITF and retains DNA-binding ability. Interestingly, as a dimer, it can translocate wild-type and mutant MITF partners into the nucleus, improving its own stability and ensuring an active nuclear MITF supply. Interactions between K316 SUMOylation and S409 phosphorylation sites across monomers largely explain the observed effects. Notably, the recurrent melanoma-associated E318K mutation in MITF, which affects K316 SUMOylation, also alters protein regulation in concert with S409, unraveling a novel regulatory mechanism with unexpected disease insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Nhung Vu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Matti Már Valdimarsson
- Department of Biochemistry, Science Institute, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Sara Sigurbjörnsdóttir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Kristín Bergsteinsdóttir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Julien Debbache
- Mammalian Development Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706
| | - Keren Bismuth
- Mammalian Development Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706
| | | | - Jón H. Hallsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Heinz Arnheiter
- Mammalian Development Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706
| | - Neal G. Copeland
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702-1201
- Current address: Genetics Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Nancy A. Jenkins
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702-1201
- Current address: Genetics Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Petur O. Heidarsson
- Department of Biochemistry, Science Institute, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Eiríkur Steingrímsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland
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Tian L, Yang Z, Wang J, Liu J. Analysis of the Plasmid-Based ts-Mutant Δ fabA/pTS-fabA Reveals Its Lethality under Aerobic Growth Conditions That Is Suppressed by Mild Overexpression of desA at a Restrictive Temperature in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0133823. [PMID: 37191499 PMCID: PMC10269440 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01338-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is uncertain whether PA1610|fabA is essential or dispensable for growth on LB-agar plates under aerobic conditions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. To examine its essentiality, we disrupted fabA in the presence of a native promoter-controlled complementary copy on ts-plasmid. In this analysis, we showed that the plasmid-based ts-mutant ΔfabA/pTS-fabA failed to grow at a restrictive temperature, consistent with the observation by Hoang and Schweizer (T. T. Hoang, H. P. Schweizer, J Bacteriol 179:5326-5332, 1997, https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.179.17.5326-5332.1997), and expanded on this by showing that ΔfabA exhibited curved cell morphology. On the other hand, strong induction of fabA-OE or PA3645|fabZ-OE impeded the growth of cells displaying oval morphology. Suppressor analysis revealed a mutant sup gene that suppressed a growth defect but not cell morphology of ΔfabA. Genome resequencing and transcriptomic profiling of sup identified PA0286|desA, whose promoter carried a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and transcription was significantly upregulated (level increase of >2-fold, P < 0.05). By integration of the SNP-bearing promoter-controlled desA gene into the chromosome of ΔfabA/pTS-fabA, we showed that the SNP is sufficient for ΔfabA to phenocopy the sup mutant. Furthermore, mild induction of the araC-PBAD-controlled desA gene but not desB rescued ΔfabA. These results validated that mild overexpression of desA fully suppressed the lethality but not the curved cell morphology of ΔfabA. Similarly, Zhu et al. (Zhu K, Choi K-H, Schweizer HP, Rock CO, Zhang Y-M, Mol Microbiol 60:260-273, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05088.x) showed that multicopy desA partially alleviated the slow growth phenotype of ΔfabA, the difference in which was that ΔfabA was viable. Taken together, our results demonstrate that fabA is essential for aerobic growth. We propose that the plasmid-based ts-allele is useful for exploring the genetic suppression interaction of essential genes of interest in P. aeruginosa. IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen whose multidrug resistance demands new drug development. Fatty acids are essential for viability, and essential genes are ideal drug targets. However, the growth defect of essential gene mutants can be suppressed. Suppressors tend to be accumulated during the construction of essential gene deletion mutants, hampering the genetic analysis. To circumvent this issue, we constructed a deletion allele of fabA in the presence of a native promoter-controlled complementary copy in the ts-plasmid. In this analysis, we showed that ΔfabA/pTS-fabA failed to grow at a restrictive temperature, supporting its essentiality. Suppressor analysis revealed desA, whose promoter carried a SNP and whose transcription was upregulated. We validated that both the SNP-bearing promoter-controlled and regulable PBAD promoter-controlled desA suppressed the lethality of ΔfabA. Together, our results demonstrate that fabA is essential for aerobic growth. We propose that plasmid-based ts-alleles are suitable for genetic analysis of essential genes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Tian
- Systems Biology, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhili Yang
- Systems Biology, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Systems Biology, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Systems Biology, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
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Feldheim J, Kessler AF, Feldheim JJ, Schmitt D, Oster C, Lazaridis L, Glas M, Ernestus RI, Monoranu CM, Löhr M, Hagemann C. BRMS1 in Gliomas-An Expression Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112907. [PMID: 37296870 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The metastatic suppressor BRMS1 interacts with critical steps of the metastatic cascade in many cancer entities. As gliomas rarely metastasize, BRMS1 has mainly been neglected in glioma research. However, its interaction partners, such as NFκB, VEGF, or MMPs, are old acquaintances in neurooncology. The steps regulated by BRMS1, such as invasion, migration, and apoptosis, are commonly dysregulated in gliomas. Therefore, BRMS1 shows potential as a regulator of glioma behavior. By bioinformatic analysis, in addition to our cohort of 118 specimens, we determined BRMS1 mRNA and protein expression as well as its correlation with the clinical course in astrocytomas IDH mutant, CNS WHO grade 2/3, and glioblastoma IDH wild-type, CNS WHO grade 4. Interestingly, we found BRMS1 protein expression to be significantly decreased in the aforementioned gliomas, while BRMS1 mRNA appeared to be overexpressed throughout. This dysregulation was independent of patients' characteristics or survival. The protein and mRNA expression differences cannot be finally explained at this stage. However, they suggest a post-transcriptional dysregulation that has been previously described in other cancer entities. Our analyses present the first data on BRMS1 expression in gliomas that can provide a starting point for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Feldheim
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45131 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45131 Essen, Germany
| | - Almuth F Kessler
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia J Feldheim
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45131 Essen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schmitt
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Oster
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45131 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45131 Essen, Germany
| | - Lazaros Lazaridis
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45131 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45131 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Glas
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45131 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45131 Essen, Germany
| | - Ralf-Ingo Ernestus
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Camelia M Monoranu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mario Löhr
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hagemann
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Kumar R, Malik Z, Singh M, Rachana R, Mani S, Ponnusamy K, Haider S. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Risk Genes and Suppressor. Curr Gene Ther 2023; 23:148-162. [PMID: 36366843 DOI: 10.2174/1566523223666221108113330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that leads to death by progressive paralysis and respiratory failure within 2-4 years of onset. About 90-95% of ALS cases are sporadic (sALS), and 5-10% are inherited through family (fALS). Though the mechanisms of the disease are still poorly understood, so far, approximately 40 genes have been reported as ALS causative genes. The mutations in some crucial genes, like SOD1, C9ORF72, FUS, and TDP-43, are majorly associated with ALS, resulting in ROS-associated oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, protein aggregation, altered RNA processing, axonal and vesicular trafficking dysregulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent studies show that dysfunctional cellular pathways get restored as a result of the repair of a single pathway in ALS. In this review article, our aim is to identify putative targets for therapeutic development and the importance of a single suppressor to reduce multiple symptoms by focusing on important mutations and the phenotypic suppressors of dysfunctional cellular pathways in crucial genes as reported by other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sec-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zubbair Malik
- School of Computational and Integrative Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sec-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Rachana
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sec-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sec-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Shazia Haider
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sec-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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12
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Dou R, Huang Q, Hu T, Yu F, Hu H, Wang Y, Zhou X, Qian Y. Molecular Variation and Genomic Function of Citrus Vein Enation Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010412. [PMID: 36613855 PMCID: PMC9820537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we identified a new citrus vein enation virus (CVEV) isolate (named CVEV-DT1) through sRNA high-throughput sequencing and traditional sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis based on whole genome sequences of all known CVEV isolates revealed that CVEV-DT1 was in an evolutionary branch with other isolates from China. Molecular variation analysis showed that the single nucleotide variability along CVEV full-length sequences was less than 8%, with more transitions (60.55%) than transversions (39.43%), indicating a genetically homogeneous CVEV population. In addition, non-synonymous nucleotide mutations mainly occurred in ORF1 and ORF2. Based on disorder analysis of all encoded ORF by CVEV-DT1, we identified that the CVEV-DT1 coat protein (CP) formed spherical granules, mainly in the cell nucleus and partly throughout the cytoplasm, with liquid properties through subcellular localization and photobleaching assay. Furthermore, we also confirmed that the CVEV P0 protein has weak post-transcriptional RNA-silencing suppressor activity and could elicit a strong hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco plants. Collectively, to the best of our knowledge, our study was the first to profile the genomic variation in all the reported CVEV isolates and reveal the functions of CVEV-DT1-encoded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqiu Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fengzhe Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongxia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yajuan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-88982677
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13
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Liu N, Yang C, Gao A, Sun M, Lv D. MiR-101: An Important Regulator of Gene Expression and Tumor Ecosystem. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235861. [PMID: 36497343 PMCID: PMC9739992 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs are small single-stranded non-coding RNAs. MiRNA contributes to the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA in different cell types, including mRNA transcription inhibition and mRNA decay and phenotypes via the effect of several essential oncogenic processes and tumor microenvironment. MiR-101 is a highly conserved miRNA that was found to alter the expression in various human cancers. MiR-101 has been reported to have tumor oncogenic and suppressive effects to regulate tumorigenesis and tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the new findings about the roles of miR-101 in cancers and the underlying mechanisms of targeting genes degradation and microenvironment regulation, which will improve biological understanding and design of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Chunsheng Yang
- Department of Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Meili Sun
- Department of Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Deguan Lv
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (D.L.)
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14
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Lau B, Beine-Golovchuk O, Kornprobst M, Cheng J, Kressler D, Jády B, Kiss T, Beckmann R, Hurt E. Cms1 coordinates stepwise local 90S pre-ribosome assembly with timely snR83 release. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111684. [PMID: 36417864 PMCID: PMC9715914 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome synthesis begins in the nucleolus with 90S pre-ribosome construction, but little is known about how the many different snoRNAs that modify the pre-rRNA are timely guided to their target sites. Here, we report a role for Cms1 in such a process. Initially, we discovered CMS1 as a null suppressor of a nop14 mutant impaired in Rrp12-Enp1 factor recruitment to the 90S. Further investigations detected Cms1 at the 18S rRNA 3' major domain of an early 90S that carried H/ACA snR83, which is known to guide pseudouridylation at two target sites within the same subdomain. Cms1 co-precipitates with many 90S factors, but Rrp12-Enp1 encircling the 3' major domain in the mature 90S is decreased. We suggest that Cms1 associates with the 3' major domain during early 90S biogenesis to restrict premature Rrp12-Enp1 binding but allows snR83 to timely perform its modification role before the next 90S assembly steps coupled with Cms1 release take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lau
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olga Beine-Golovchuk
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Kornprobst
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jingdong Cheng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Fudan University, Dong’an Road 131, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dieter Kressler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Beáta Jády
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote du CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Tamás Kiss
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote du CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Roland Beckmann
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany,Corresponding author
| | - Ed Hurt
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,Corresponding author
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Wang Q, Weng S, Sun Y, Lin Y, Zhong W, Kwok HF, Lin Y. High DAPK1 Expression Promotes Tumor Metastasis of Gastric Cancer. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:biology11101488. [PMID: 36290392 PMCID: PMC9598723 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common upper gastrointestinal tumor. Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK1) was found to participate in the development of various malignant tumors. However, there are few reports on DAPK1 in gastric cancer. In this study, the TCGA and GEO datasets were used to explore the expression and role of DAPK1 in gastric cancer. The functions of DAPK1 in gastric cancer were determined by proliferation, migration and invasion assays. In addition, genes co-expressed with DAPK1 in gastric cancer were estimated through the WGCNA and correlation analysis. A DAPK1-related gene prognostic model was constructed using the Cox regression and lasso analyses. The expression of DAPK1 was significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that low expression of DAPK1 was a favorable prognostic factor of overall survival and disease-free survival for gastric cancer patients. Functional experiments demonstrated that DAPK1 can promote the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. WGCNA, correlation analysis, Cox regression, and lasso analyses were applied to construct the DAPK1-related prognostic model. The prognostic value of this prognostic model of DAPK1-related genes was further successfully validated in an independent database. Our results indicated that DAPK1 can promote gastric cancer cell migration and invasion and established four DAPK1-related signature genes for gastric cancer that could independently predict the survival of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshui Wang
- Central Laboratory at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fujian-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Oriented Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment, Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Shuyun Weng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Yuqin Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Youyu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Wenting Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Correspondence: (H.F.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yao Lin
- Central Laboratory at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fujian-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Oriented Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment, Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Rehabilitation Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Correspondence: (H.F.K.); (Y.L.)
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16
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Yang Z, Zhang Z, Zhu J, Ma Y, Wang J, Liu J. Analysis of the Plasmid-Based ts Allele of PA0006 Reveals Its Function in Regulation of Cell Morphology and Biosynthesis of Core Lipopolysaccharide in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0048022. [PMID: 35762790 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00480-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 300 essential genes are predicted using transposon sequencing in the genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, methods for reverse genetic analysis of essential genes are scarce. To address this issue, we developed a three-step protocol consisting of integration of deletion plasmid, introduction of temperature-sensitive rescue plasmid, and excision of integrated-deletion plasmid to construct the plasmid-based temperature-sensitive allele of essential genes. Using PA0006 as an example, we showed that PA0006(Ts) exhibited wild-type cell morphology at permissive temperature but filamentous form at restrictive temperatures. We further showed that the glycerol-mannoheptose-bisphosphate phosphatase GmhB in Escherichia coli shared 32.4% identity with that of PA0006p and functionally complemented the defect of PA0006(Ts) at 42°C. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting indicated the presence and absence of the complete core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and B-band O-antigen in PA0006(Ts) at 30 and 42°C, respectively. An isolated suppressor sup displayed wild-type-like cell morphology but no complete core LPS or O-antigen. Genome resequencing together with comparative transcriptomic profiling identified a candidate suppressor fructose-bisphosphate phosphatase in which the promoter harbored a SNP and the transcription level was not downregulated at 42°C compared to 30°C in sup. It was further validated that fbp overexpression suppressed the lethality of PA0006(Ts) at 42°C. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PA0006 plays a role in regulation of cell morphology and biosynthesis of core LPS. This three-step protocol for construction of conditional lethal allele in P. aeruginosa should be widely applicable for genetic analysis of other essential genes of interest, including analysis of bypass suppressibility. IMPORTANCE Microbial essential genes encode nondispensable function for cell growth and therefore are ideal targets for the development of new drugs. Essential genes are readily identified using transposon-sequencing technology at the genome scale. However, genetic analysis of essential genes of interest was hampered by limited methodologies. To address this issue, we developed a three-step protocol for construction of conditional allele of essential genes in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using PA0006 as an example, we demonstrated that the plasmid-based PA0006(Ts) mutant exhibited defects in regulation of cell morphology, formation of intact core LPS, and attachment of the O-antigen at restrictive temperatures but not at permissive temperatures. A suppressor of PA0006(Ts) was isolated through spontaneous mutations and showed restored cell morphology but not core oligosaccharide or O-antigen. This method should be widely applicable for phenotype and suppressibility analyses of other essential genes of interest in P. aeruginosa.
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Si F, Yang C, Yan B, Yan W, Tang S, Yan Y, Cao X, Song X. Control of OsARF3a by OsKANADI1 contributes to lemma development in rice. Plant J 2022; 110:1717-1730. [PMID: 35403315 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In rice (Oryza sativa), the lemma and palea protect the internal organs of the floret,provide nutrients for seed development, and determine grain size. We previously revealed that a trans-acting small interfering RNA targeting AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS (tasiR-ARF) regulates lemma polarity establishment via post-transcriptional repression of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS (ARFs) in rice. TasiR-ARF formation requires RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 6 (RDR6). However, the underlying molecular mechanism of the tasiR-ARF-ARF regulon in lemma development remains unclear. Here, by genetic screening for suppressors of the thermosensitive mutant osrdr6-1, we identified three suppressors, huifu 1 (hf1), hf9, and hf17. Mapping-by-sequencing revealed that HF1 encodes a MYB transcription factor belonging to the KANADI1 family. The hf1 mutation partially rescued the osrdr6-1 lemma defect but not the defect in tasiR-ARF levels. DNA affinity purification sequencing analysis identified 17 725 OsKANADI1-associated sites, most of which contain the SPBP-box binding motif (RGAATAWW) and are located in the promoter, protein-coding, intron, and intergenic regions. Moreover, we found that OsKANADI1 could directly bind to the intron of OsARF3a in vitro and in vivo and promote OsARF3a expression at the transcriptional level. In addition, hf9 and hf17 are intragenic suppressors containing mutations in OsRDR6 that partially rescue tasiR-ARF levels by restoring OsRDR6 protein levels. Collectively, our results demonstrate that OsKANADI1 and tasiR-ARFs synergistically maintain the proper expression of OsARF3a and thus contribute to rice lemma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Si
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shanjie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xianwei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Innovative Academy of Seed Design (INASEED), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Pertermann R, Golbik RP, Tamilarasan S, Gursinsky T, Gago-Zachert S, Pantaleo V, Thondorf I, Behrens SE. RNA and Protein Determinants Mediate Differential Binding of miRNAs by a Viral Suppressor of RNA Silencing Thus Modulating Antiviral Immune Responses in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4977. [PMID: 35563369 PMCID: PMC9103804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Many plant viruses express suppressor proteins (VSRs) that can inhibit RNA silencing, a central component of antiviral plant immunity. The most common activity of VSRs is the high-affinity binding of virus-derived siRNAs and thus their sequestration from the silencing process. Since siRNAs share large homologies with miRNAs, VSRs like the Tombusvirus p19 may also bind miRNAs and in this way modulate cellular gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Interestingly, the binding affinity of p19 varies considerably between different miRNAs, and the molecular determinants affecting this property have not yet been adequately characterized. Addressing this, we analyzed the binding of p19 to the miRNAs 162 and 168, which regulate the expression of the important RNA silencing constituents Dicer-like 1 (DCL1) and Argonaute 1 (AGO1), respectively. p19 binds miRNA162 with similar high affinity as siRNA, whereas the affinity for miRNA168 is significantly lower. We show that specific molecular features, such as mismatches and 'G-U wobbles' on the RNA side and defined amino acid residues on the VSR side, mediate this property. Our observations highlight the remarkable adaptation of VSR binding affinities to achieve differential effects on host miRNA activities. Moreover, they show that even minimal changes, i.e., a single base pair in a miRNA duplex, can have significant effects on the efficiency of the plant antiviral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pertermann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Saale, 06120 Halle, Germany; (R.P.); (R.P.G.); (S.T.); (T.G.); (S.G.-Z.); (I.T.)
| | - Ralph Peter Golbik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Saale, 06120 Halle, Germany; (R.P.); (R.P.G.); (S.T.); (T.G.); (S.G.-Z.); (I.T.)
| | - Selvaraj Tamilarasan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Saale, 06120 Halle, Germany; (R.P.); (R.P.G.); (S.T.); (T.G.); (S.G.-Z.); (I.T.)
| | - Torsten Gursinsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Saale, 06120 Halle, Germany; (R.P.); (R.P.G.); (S.T.); (T.G.); (S.G.-Z.); (I.T.)
| | - Selma Gago-Zachert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Saale, 06120 Halle, Germany; (R.P.); (R.P.G.); (S.T.); (T.G.); (S.G.-Z.); (I.T.)
| | - Vitantonio Pantaleo
- Department of Biology, Agricultural and Food Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Bari Unit, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Iris Thondorf
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Saale, 06120 Halle, Germany; (R.P.); (R.P.G.); (S.T.); (T.G.); (S.G.-Z.); (I.T.)
| | - Sven-Erik Behrens
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Saale, 06120 Halle, Germany; (R.P.); (R.P.G.); (S.T.); (T.G.); (S.G.-Z.); (I.T.)
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19
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Zhu C, Liu JH, Zhao JH, Liu T, Chen YY, Wang CH, Zhang ZH, Guo HS, Duan CG. A fungal effector suppresses the nuclear export of AGO1-miRNA complex to promote infection in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2114583119. [PMID: 35290117 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114583119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SignificanceIncreasing evidence demonstrates that small RNAs can serve as trafficking effectors to mediate bidirectional transkingdom RNA interference (RNAi) in interacting organisms, including plant-pathogenic fungi systems. Previous findings demonstrated that plants can send microRNAs (miRNAs) to fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae to trigger antifungal RNAi. Here we report that V. dahliae is able to secret an effector to the plant nucleus to interfere with the nuclear export of AGO1-miRNA complexes, leading to an inhibition in antifungal RNAi and increased virulence in plants. Thus, we reveal an antagonistic mechanism that can be exploited by fungal pathogens to counteract antifungal RNAi immunity via manipulation of plant small RNA function.
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20
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Li YB, Fan XY, Ning L, Li SK, Yu ZP. microRNA-486-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in gastric carcinoma via directly targeting KDM5B. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2021; 35:1. [PMID: 34327974 DOI: 10.23812/21-si1-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y B Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - X Y Fan
- Divison of Medical Affairs of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - L Ning
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - S K Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Z P Yu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
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21
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Chen C, Zong Y, Tang J, Ke R, Lv L, Wu M, Lu J. miR-369-3p serves as prognostic factor and regulates cancer progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Per Med 2021; 18:375-388. [PMID: 33792408 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2020-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-369-3p in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials & methods: The expression levels of miR-369-3p were detected using the quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis. The cell counting kit-8 and transwell assays were used to explore the effects of miR-369-3p on cell proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. Results: The miR-369-3p expression was downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines, in comparison to the normal controls, respectively. In vitro, overexpression of miR-369-3p in Hep 3B and Huh7 cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion. SOX4 was a direct target of miR-369-3p. Conclusion: Our results suggested that miR-369-3p may be a tumor suppressor in HCC by targeting SOX4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China.,Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Yi Zong
- The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China.,The 5th Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Tang
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Ruisheng Ke
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, PR China
| | - Lizhi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China
| | - Mengchao Wu
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Junhua Lu
- The 5th Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
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22
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Wang J, Wang T, Hu S, Li J, Ni C, Ye M. Hsa_circ_0043278 Inhibits Tumorigenesis and is Downregulated in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:965-975. [PMID: 33568942 PMCID: PMC7868253 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s289775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Circular RNAs are novel endogenous RNAs, which are considered to play a role in tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, the role as well as clinical diagnostic value of most circular RNAs in colorectal cancer are still unclear. Materials and Methods We investigated the circular RNA microarray containing expression profiles in samples of colorectal cancer patients by bioinformatics. The consequence indicated that hsa_circ_0043278 was strongly downregulated. We then measured the expression level of hsa_circ_0043278 in tissue samples of colorectal cancer by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Besides, we also explored the expression condition of the circular RNA in colorectal cancer cell lines including HCT116, SW620, and SW480. Cell counting kit-8, colony formation, and transwell assays, as well as flow cytometry, were applied to detect changes in cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression. Results We discovered that circular RNA hsa_circ_0043278 was significantly downregulated in tumor samples (P < 0.0001) as well as cell lines (P < 0.05). The value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.71, with a sensitivity of 0.72 and specificity of 0.70 (P = 0.0006). Moreover, we found that overexpression of hsa_circ_0043278 suppressed proliferation and migratory abilities while promoting apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Conclusion Our findings revealed that hsa_circ_0043278 inhibited the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer and could be a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer diagnosis. Besides, it hopes to become a target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiangong Wang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyun Hu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyun Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ni
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
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23
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Rule CS, Park YJ, Delarosa JR, Turley S, Hol WGJ, McColm S, Gura C, DiMaio F, Korotkov KV, Sandkvist M. Suppressor Mutations in Type II Secretion Mutants of Vibrio cholerae: Inactivation of the VesC Protease. mSphere 2020; 5:e01125-20. [PMID: 33328352 DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.01125-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide transposon mutagenesis has identified the genes encoding the T2SS in Vibrio cholerae as essential for viability, but the reason for this is unclear. Mutants with deletions or insertions in these genes can be isolated, suggesting that they have acquired secondary mutations that suppress their growth defect. The type II secretion system (T2SS) is a conserved transport pathway responsible for the secretion of a range of virulence factors by many pathogens, including Vibrio cholerae. Disruption of the T2SS genes in V. cholerae results in loss of secretion, changes in cell envelope function, and growth defects. While T2SS mutants are viable, high-throughput genomic analyses have listed these genes among essential genes. To investigate whether secondary mutations arise as a consequence of T2SS inactivation, we sequenced the genomes of six V. cholerae T2SS mutants with deletions or insertions in either the epsG, epsL, or epsM genes and identified secondary mutations in all mutants. Two of the six T2SS mutants contain distinct mutations in the gene encoding the T2SS-secreted protease VesC. Other mutations were found in genes coding for V. cholerae cell envelope proteins. Subsequent sequence analysis of the vesC gene in 92 additional T2SS mutant isolates identified another 19 unique mutations including insertions or deletions, sequence duplications, and single-nucleotide changes resulting in amino acid substitutions in the VesC protein. Analysis of VesC variants and the X-ray crystallographic structure of wild-type VesC suggested that all mutations lead to loss of VesC production and/or function. One possible mechanism by which V. cholerae T2SS mutagenesis can be tolerated is through selection of vesC-inactivating mutations, which may, in part, suppress cell envelope damage, establishing permissive conditions for the disruption of the T2SS. Other mutations may have been acquired in genes encoding essential cell envelope proteins to prevent proteolysis by VesC. IMPORTANCE Genome-wide transposon mutagenesis has identified the genes encoding the T2SS in Vibrio cholerae as essential for viability, but the reason for this is unclear. Mutants with deletions or insertions in these genes can be isolated, suggesting that they have acquired secondary mutations that suppress their growth defect. Through whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic analysis of T2SS mutants, we show that one means by which the growth defect can be suppressed is through mutations in the gene encoding the T2SS substrate VesC. VesC homologues are present in other Vibrio species and close relatives, and this may be why inactivation of the T2SS in species such as Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio sp. strain 60, and Aeromonas hydrophila also results in a pleiotropic effect on their outer membrane assembly and integrity.
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24
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Kozłowska J, Kozioł K, Stasiak M, Obacz J, Guglas K, Poter P, Mackiewicz A, Kolenda T. The role of NEAT1 lncRNA in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is still difficult to define. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2020; 24:96-105. [PMID: 32774134 PMCID: PMC7403767 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2020.97635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) is considered an oncogene in various cancers, but the role in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is not clear. MATERIAL AND METHODS Expression of NEAT1 in HNSCC patients' samples and cell lines was analysed using qRT-PCR. The TCGA expression data of NEAT1 were analysed depending on the clinicopathological parameters and tumour localisation. Correlation and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were conducted, and the results were analysed using the REACTOME and GeneMANIA tools. All statistical analyses were carried out using GraphPad Prism 5 and Statistica 13. RESULTS The NEAT1 was up-regulated in some patients' samples and HNSCC cell lines. Moreover, TCGA data analysis indicated that the expression of NEAT1 was up-regulated in tumour tissue in most of the analysed TCGA cancers, including HNSCC. There were no significant differences in levels of NEAT1 between various tumour localisations. Overall survival of individuals with high expression of NEAT1 was slightly longer than in the low-expression group (p = 0.0553). Analysis of genes that positively and negatively correlated with NEAT1 indicated that they are involved in mRNA metabolism and cellular transport. Moreover, the GSEA revealed that in patients with low NEAT1, the most up-regulated genes were in clusters associated with the cAMP-dependent pathway, the MYC pathway, unfolded protein response, the MTORC1 signalling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, and DNA repair. CONCLUSIONS Patients with low expression of NEAT1 display worse overall survival, presumably due to up-regulation of certain oncogenic signalling pathways that are important for cancerogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kozłowska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kinga Kozioł
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Stasiak
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Justyna Obacz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kacper Guglas
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Poter
- Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kolenda
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
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25
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Greenberg Temin R. Analysis of a Strong Suppressor of Segregation Distorter in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2020; 215:1085-105. [PMID: 32561521 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Segregation Di st orter (SD) is a naturally occurring male meiotic drive system in Drosophila melanogaster, characterized by almost exclusive transmission of the SD chromosome owing to dysfunction of sperm receiving the SD+ homolog. Previous studies identified at least three closely linked loci on chromosome 2 required for distortion: Sd, the primary distorting gene; E(SD) (Enhancer of SD), which increases the strength of distortion; and Rsp (Responder), the apparent target of Sd Strength of distortion is also influenced by linked upward modifiers including M(SD) (Modifier of SD) and St(SD) (Stabilizer of SD), and by various unlinked suppressors. Although Sd is known to encode a mutant RanGAP protein, none of the modifiers have been molecularly identified. This work focuses on the genetic and cytological characterization of a strong X-linked suppressor, Su(SD), capable of restoring Mendelian transmission in SD/SD+ males. Sd and its cohort of positive modifiers appear to act semiquantitatively in opposition to Su(SD) with distortion strength depending primarily on the total number of distorting elements rather than which particular elements are present. Su(SD) can also suppress male sterility observed in certain SD genotypes. To facilitate its eventual molecular identification, Su(SD) was localized by deletion mapping to polytene region 13C7-13E4 These studies highlight the polygenic nature of distortion and its dependence on a constellation of positive and negative modifiers, provide insight into the stability of Mendelian transmission in natural populations even when a drive system arises, and pave the way for molecular characterization of Su(SD) whose identity should reveal new information about the mechanism of distortion.
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26
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Luna AP, Romero-Rodríguez B, Rosas-Díaz T, Cerero L, Rodríguez-Negrete EA, Castillo AG, Bejarano ER. Characterization of Curtovirus V2 Protein, a Functional Homolog of Begomovirus V2. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:835. [PMID: 32636860 PMCID: PMC7318802 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Geminiviruses are single-stranded DNA plant viruses with circular genomes packaged within geminate particles. Among the Geminiviridae family, Begomovirus and Curtovirus comprise the two best characterized genera. Curtovirus and Old World begomovirus possess similar genome structures with six to seven open-reading frames (ORF). Among them, begomovirus and curtovirus V2 ORFs share the same location in the viral genome, encode proteins of similar size, but show extremely poor sequence homology between the genera. V2 from Beet curly top virus (BCTV), the model species for the Curtovirus genus, as it begomoviral counterpart, suppresses post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) by impairing the RDR6/SGS3 pathway and localizes in the nucleus spanning from the perinuclear region to the cell periphery. By aminoacid sequence comparison we have identified that curtoviral and begomoviral V2 proteins shared two hydrophobic domains and a putative phosphorylation motif. These three domains are essential for BCTV V2 silencing suppression activity, for the proper nuclear localization of the protein and for systemic infection. The lack of suppression activity in the mutated versions of V2 is complemented by the impaired function of RDR6 in Nicotiana benthamiana but the ability of the viral mutants to produce a systemic infection is not recovered in gene silencing mutant backgrounds. We have also demonstrated that, as its begomoviral homolog, V2 from BCTV is able to induce systemic symptoms and necrosis associated with a hypersensitive response-like (HR-like) when expressed from Potato virus X vector in N. benthamiana, and that this pathogenicity activity does not dependent of its ability to supress PTGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Luna
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Tábata Rosas-Díaz
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Cerero
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Edgar A Rodríguez-Negrete
- CONACyT, Departamento de Biotecnología Agrícola, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-Unidad Sinaloa, Guasave, Mexico
| | - Araceli G Castillo
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo R Bejarano
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Chalermwat C, Thosapornvichai T, Wongkittichote P, Phillips JD, Cox JE, Jensen AN, Wattanasirichaigoon D, Jensen LT. Overexpression of the peroxin Pex34p suppresses impaired acetate utilization in yeast lacking the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier Agc1p. FEMS Yeast Res 2020; 19:5621492. [PMID: 31711143 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PEX34, encoding a peroxisomal protein implicated in regulating peroxisome numbers, was identified as a high copy suppressor, capable of bypassing impaired acetate utilization of agc1∆ yeast. However, improved growth of agc1∆ yeast on acetate is not mediated through peroxisome proliferation. Instead, stress to the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria from PEX34 overexpression appears to contribute to enhanced acetate utilization of agc1∆ yeast. The citrate/2-oxoglutarate carrier Yhm2p is required for PEX34 stimulated growth of agc1∆ yeast on acetate medium, suggesting that the suppressor effect is mediated through increased activity of a redox shuttle involving mitochondrial citrate export. Metabolomic analysis also revealed redirection of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) from synthetic reactions for amino acids in PEX34 overexpressing yeast. We propose a model in which increased formation of products from the glyoxylate shunt, together with enhanced utilization of acetyl-CoA, promotes the activity of an alternative mitochondrial redox shuttle, partially substituting for loss of yeast AGC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalongchai Chalermwat
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Thitipa Thosapornvichai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Parith Wongkittichote
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama 6 Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - John D Phillips
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Utah, 30 N 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - James E Cox
- Metabolomics Core Research Facility, University of Utah, 15 N Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, 15 N Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Amornrat N Jensen
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Duangrurdee Wattanasirichaigoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama 6 Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Laran T Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400 Thailand
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28
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Er J, Chao L, Yiwei L, Feng X, Fei Z, Kan W, Ruifei X. GPRC5a suppresses the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer under wild type p53 background. Exp Lung Res 2020; 46:226-233. [PMID: 32410473 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2020.1764667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: GPRC5a plays an important role in many types of cancers with intriguing dual functions. GPRC5a acts as oncogene or tumor suppressor in different types of cancer. It is interesting to illustrate why GPRC5a functions differently.Methods: Data mining method were used to analyze the potential prognostic value of GPRC5a expression for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) lung cancer patients. Then we used cell models to further investigate the effect of p53 mutation on GPRC5a expression and the thereafter cell biological behaviors.Results: Our results present here showed High mRNA-level expression of GPRC5a was associated with worse overall survival about lung cancer patients; mutation of p53 gene could result in up regulation of GPRC5a expression and promotion of cell proliferation in lung cancer cells. Our results not only demonstrate the role of GPRC5a as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer, but also revealed the tumor suppressive factor p53 regulated tightly on GPRC5a and cell growth of NSCLC cancer.Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that p53 upregulated GPRC5a expression in NSCLC cells, and the loss of p53 expression in NSCLC may be one of the mechanisms leading to the decreased GPRC5a expression in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Er
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Chao
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Yiwei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhao Fei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wu Kan
- Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People 's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xie Ruifei
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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29
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Lee J, Lee J, Kim DAH, Kim JH. Silencing Delta-like 1 Expression Induces Migratory Features in Pancreatic Cancer Cells Through Stimulation of Src and p38 Signalling Pathway. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:1335-1344. [PMID: 32132030 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The prognosis of pancreatic cancer has not improved due to its migratory feature and refractory potential to chemo-resistance with absence of effective diagnosis. Despite continuous efforts, its underlying mechanisms of malignant nature remain ambiguous. The objective of this study was to investigate delta-like 1 (DLL1) as a tumor suppressor in the metastasic ability of human pancreatic cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cellular expression of DLL1 was demonstrated using the GEO public database and western blot analysis. The biological function of DLL1 was validated by biological behavior analysis. Prognosis to DLL1 expression was demonstrated using analysis of the GEO public database. RESULTS Analysis using the GEO database and western blotting showed higher DLL1 mRNA and protein expression levels in pancreatic cancer compared to those in normal pancreas. DLL1 was uniquely expressed in seven human pancreatic cancer cell lines compared to human pancreatic duct epithelial H6c7 cells. Ablation of DLL1 expression stimulated migration and invasion by activating Src and p38 phosphorylation, but not viability and chemo-resistance of human pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, expression of DLL1 was correlated with migratory features of pancreatic cancer in vivo. Moreover, high DLL1 expression was associated with a favorable prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients. CONCLUSION DLL1 is a potent suppressor of pancreatic cancer metastasis. Understanding correlation between expression and function of DLL1 might contribute to our knowledge of the complicated mechanism of pancreatic cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwhoi Lee
- Department of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsul Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - DA Hye Kim
- Department of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Kim
- Department of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea .,Subtropical/tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea
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30
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Abstract
Choosing between candidates for a position can be tricky, especially when the selection test is affected by irrelevant characteristics (e.g., reading speed). One can correct for this irrelevant attribute by penalizing individuals who have unjustifiably benefited from it. Statistical models do so by including the irrelevant attribute as a suppressor variable, but can people do the same without the help of a model? In three experiments (total N = 357), participants had to choose between two candidates, one of whom had higher levels of an irrelevant attribute and thus enjoyed an unfair advantage. Participants showed a substantial preference for the candidate with high levels of the irrelevant attribute, thus choosing the less suitable candidate. This bias was attenuated when the irrelevant attribute was a situational factor, probably by making the correction process more intuitive. Understanding the intuitive judgment of suppressor variables can help candidates from underprivileged groups boost their chances to succeed.
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31
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Yeh LY, Yang CC, Wu HL, Kao SY, Liu CJ, Chen YF, Lin SC, Chang KW. The miR-372-ZBTB7A Oncogenic Axis Suppresses TRAIL-R2 Associated Drug Sensitivity in Oral Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:47. [PMID: 32083004 PMCID: PMC7005910 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-372 has been shown a potent oncogenic miRNA in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The zinc finger and BTB domain containing 7A protein (ZBTB7A) is a transcriptional regulator that is involved in a great diversity of physiological and oncogenic regulation. However, the modulation of ZBTB7A in OSCC remains unclear. Tissue analysis identifies a reverse correlation in expression between miR-372 and ZBTB7A in OSCC tumors. When OSCC cells have stable knockdown of ZBTB7A, their oncogenic potential and drug resistance is increased. By way of contrast, such an increase is attenuated by expression of ZBTB7A. Screening and validation confirms that ZBTB7A is able to modulate expression of the death receptors TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2, Fas and p53 phosphorylated at serine-15. In addition, ZBTB7A transactivates TRAIL-R2, which sensitizes cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. The ZBTB7A-TRAIL-R2 cascade is involved in both the extrinsic and intrinsic cisplatin-induced pathways of apoptosis. Database analysis indicates that the expression level of and the copy status of ZBTB7A and TRAIL-R2 are important survival predictors for head and neck cancers. Collectively, this study indicates the importance of the miR-372-ZBTB7A-TRAIL-R2 axis in mediating OSCC pathogenesis and in controlling OSCC drug resistance. Therefore, silencing miR-372 and/or upregulating ZBTB7A would seem to be promising strategies for enhancing the sensitivity of OSCC to cisplatin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yin Yeh
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Yang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Li Wu
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Yen Kao
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ji Liu
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fen Chen
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Lin
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Montoyo-Rosario JG, Armenti ST, Zilberman Y, Nance J. The Role of pkc-3 and Genetic Suppressors in Caenorhabditis elegans Epithelial Cell Junction Formation. Genetics 2020; 214:941-59. [PMID: 32005655 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells form intercellular junctions to strengthen cell-cell adhesion and limit diffusion, allowing epithelia to function as dynamic tissues and barriers separating internal and external environments. Junctions form as epithelial cells differentiate; clusters of junction proteins first concentrate apically, then mature into continuous junctional belts that encircle and connect each cell. In mammals and Drosophila, atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) is required for junction maturation, although how it contributes to this process is poorly understood. A role for the Caenorhabditis elegans aPKC homolog PKC-3 in junction formation has not been described previously. Here, we show that PKC-3 is essential for junction maturation as epithelia first differentiate. Using a temperature-sensitive allele of pkc-3 that causes junction breaks in the spermatheca and leads to sterility, we identify intragenic and extragenic suppressors that render pkc-3 mutants fertile. Intragenic suppressors include an unanticipated stop-to-stop mutation in the pkc-3 gene, providing evidence for the importance of stop codon identity in gene activity. One extragenic pkc-3 suppressor is a loss-of-function allele of the lethal(2) giant larvae homolog lgl-1, which antagonizes aPKC within epithelia of Drosophila and mammals, but was not known previously to function in C. elegans epithelia. Finally, two extragenic suppressors are loss-of-function alleles of sups-1-a previously uncharacterized gene. We show that SUPS-1 is an apical extracellular matrix protein expressed in epidermal cells, suggesting that it nonautonomously regulates junction formation in the spermatheca. These findings establish a foundation for dissecting the role of PKC-3 and interacting genes in epithelial junction maturation.
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Anderson K, Ryan N, Volpedo G, Varikuti S, Satoskar AR, Oghumu S. Immune Suppression Mediated by STAT4 Deficiency Promotes Lymphatic Metastasis in HNSCC. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3095. [PMID: 32010142 PMCID: PMC6974475 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a prevalent form of cancer with 5-years survival rates around 57%, and metastasis is a leading cause of mortality. Host-derived immunological factors that affect HNSCC tumor development and metastasis are not completely understood. We investigated the role of host-derived signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) during experimental HNSCC using an aggressive and metastatic HNSCC cell line, LY2, which was orthotopically injected into the buccal sulcus of wild type (WT) and STAT4 deficient (Stat4-/-) BALB/c mice. Necropsies performed at terminal sacrifice revealed that Stat4-/- mice displayed comparable primary tumor growth to the WT mice. However, the rate and extent of lymph node and lung metastasis among Stat4-/- mice was significantly higher. Downstream analyses performed on primary tumors, draining lymph nodes, spleens and bone marrow revealed significant upregulation of lymphocytic immunosuppressive biomarkers as well as an accumulation of granulocytic MDSC subpopulations in draining lymph nodes of metastatic Stat4-/- mice. Further, we observed a significant decrease in TH1, TH17, and cytotoxic activity in tumor bearing Stat4-/- compared to WT mice. Our results demonstrate that STAT4 mediates resistance to HNSCC metastasis, and activation of STAT4 could potentially mitigate lymphatic metastasis in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Anderson
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nathan Ryan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Greta Volpedo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Abhay R. Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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Khafaei M, Rezaie E, Mohammadi A, Shahnazi Gerdehsang P, Ghavidel S, Kadkhoda S, Zorrieh Zahra A, Forouzanfar N, Arabameri H, Tavallaie M. miR-9: From function to therapeutic potential in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14651-14665. [PMID: 30693512 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Malignant neoplasms are regarded as the main cause of death around the world; hence, many research studies were conducted to further perceive molecular mechanisms, treatment, and cancer prognosis. Cancer is known as a major factor for health-related problems in the world. The main challenges associated with these diseases are prompt diagnosis, disease remission classification and treatment status forecast. Therefore, progressing in such areas by developing new and optimized methods with the help of minimally invasive biological markers such as circular microRNAs (miRNAs) can be considered important. miRNA interactions with target genes have specified their role in development, apoptosis, differentiation, and proliferation and also, confirm direct miRNA function in cancer. Different miRNAs expression levels in various types of malignant neoplasms have been observed to be associated with prognosis of various carcinomas. miR-9 seems to implement opposite practices in different tissues or under various cancer incidences by influencing different genes. Aberrant miR-9 levels have been observed in many cancer types. Therefore, we intended to investigate the precise role of miR-9 in patients with malignant neoplasms. To this end, in this study, we attempted to examine different studies to clarify the overall role of miR-9 as a prognostic marker in several human tumors. The presented data in this study can help us to find the novel therapeutic avenues for treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Khafaei
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah Medical Science University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Rezaie
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah Medical Science University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sara Ghavidel
- Department Cell and Molecular Biology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Kadkhoda
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Zorrieh Zahra
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjes Forouzanfar
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Arabameri
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah Medical Science University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Tavallaie
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah Medical Science University, Tehran, Iran
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Yi PS, Shu Y, Bi WX, Zheng XB, Feng WJ, He LY, Li JS. Emerging role of zinc finger protein A20 as a suppressor of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21479-21484. [PMID: 31134613 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide, is a major public health problem. Zinc finger protein A20 (A20), an acute phase response gene, is a potent inhibitor of NF-κB signaling. A20 serves a critical role in liver protection, including limiting inflammation following hepatic injury, stimulating hepatocyte growth, and preventing hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. A20 is also involved in different processes, including tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis through multiple mechanisms. Accumulated studies have reported the clinical implications and biological relevance of A20 in the development and progression of HCC. The underlying mechanisms of A20 in HCC include inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, protein tyrosine kinase 2 activation and Rac family GTPase 1 activity. Combining liver protection with tumor inhibition is a unique advantage of A20, which has the potential to be a novel treatment for promoting liver regeneration following liver resection in patients with HCC with liver cirrhosis. This review discusses the hepato-protective effect of A20 on hepatocytes and its potential role in cancer development, particularly its suppressor effect on HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sheng Yi
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancrease and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis of Northeast Sichuan, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancrease and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis of Northeast Sichuan, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Wang Xiu Bi
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancrease and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis of Northeast Sichuan, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Bo Zheng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan University, P. R. China
| | - Wan Jing Feng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan University, P. R. China
| | - Lin Ye He
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan University, P. R. China
| | - Jian Shui Li
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancrease and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis of Northeast Sichuan, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Yukawa M, Yamada Y, Toda T. Suppressor Analysis Uncovers That MAPs and Microtubule Dynamics Balance with the Cut7/Kinesin-5 Motor for Mitotic Spindle Assembly in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. G3 (Bethesda) 2019; 9:269-80. [PMID: 30463883 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The Kinesin-5 motor Cut7 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe plays essential roles in spindle pole separation, leading to the assembly of bipolar spindle. In many organisms, simultaneous inactivation of Kinesin-14s neutralizes Kinesin-5 deficiency. To uncover the molecular network that counteracts Kinesin-5, we have conducted a genetic screening for suppressors that rescue the cut7-22 temperature sensitive mutation, and identified 10 loci. Next generation sequencing analysis reveals that causative mutations are mapped in genes encoding α-, β-tubulins and the microtubule plus-end tracking protein Mal3/EB1, in addition to the components of the Pkl1/Kinesin-14 complex. Moreover, the deletion of various genes required for microtubule nucleation/polymerization also suppresses the cut7 mutant. Intriguingly, Klp2/Kinesin-14 levels on the spindles are significantly increased in cut7 mutants, whereas these increases are negated by suppressors, which may explain the suppression by these mutations/deletions. Consistent with this notion, mild overproduction of Klp2 in these double mutant cells confers temperature sensitivity. Surprisingly, treatment with a microtubule-destabilizing drug not only suppresses cut7 temperature sensitivity but also rescues the lethality resulting from the deletion of cut7, though a single klp2 deletion per se cannot compensate for the loss of Cut7. We propose that microtubule assembly and/or dynamics antagonize Cut7 functions, and that the orchestration between these two factors is crucial for bipolar spindle assembly.
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Wang B, Yang X, Wang Y, Xie Y, Zhou X. Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus V2 Interacts with Host Histone Deacetylase 6 To Suppress Methylation-Mediated Transcriptional Gene Silencing in Plants. J Virol 2018; 92:e00036-18. [PMID: 29950418 PMCID: PMC6146709 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00036-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosine DNA methylation is a conserved epigenetic silencing mechanism that defends against biotic stresses such as geminivirus infection. As a countermeasure, geminiviruses encode proteins that inhibit methylation and transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). Previous studies showed that V2 protein of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) functions as a TGS suppressor. However, how V2 mediates TGS suppression remains unknown. Here we show that V2 interacts directly with a Nicotiana benthamiana histone deacetylase 6 (NbHDA6), a homolog of Arabidopsis HDA6 (AtHDA6), known to be involved in gene silencing in cooperation with methyltransferase 1 (MET1). NbHDA6 genetically complemented a late-flowering phenotype and restored histone deacetylation of an AtHDA6 mutant. Furthermore, our investigation showed that NbHDA6 displayed histone deacetylase enzymatic activity, which was not inhibited by V2. Genetic analysis revealed that silencing of NbHDA6 expression resulted in enhanced susceptibility to TYLCV infection. In addition, methylation-sensitive PCR and bisulfite sequencing analysis showed that silencing of NbHDA6 expression caused reduced DNA methylation of the viral genome in infected plants. HDA6 was previously shown to recruit and physically interact with MET1 to function in gene silencing. Using competitive pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrated that V2 did not interact but competed with NbMET1 for direct binding to NbHDA6. These findings suggest that V2 interacts with host HDA6 and interferes with the recruitment of MET1 by HDA6, resulting in decreased methylation of the viral DNA genome by TGS with a concomitant increase in host susceptibility to TYLCV infection.IMPORTANCE Plants employ repressive viral genome methylation as an epigenetic defense against geminiviruses. In turn, geminiviruses encode proteins that inhibit methylation by TGS. Previous studies showed that TYLCV V2 can efficiently suppress TGS, but the mechanism remains unknown. We showed that V2 interacted with NbHDA6 but did not inhibit its enzymatic activity. As HDA6 is known to be involved in gene silencing in cooperation with MET1, we explored the relationship between V2, NbMET1, and NbHDA6. Our investigation showed that V2 did not interact but competed with NbMET1 for direct binding to NbHDA6. To our knowledge, this is the first report that viral proteins inhibit TGS by interacting with histone deacetylase but not by blocking the methyl cycle. This work provides an additional mechanism for TGS suppression by geminiviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Yesilkanal AE, Rosner MR. Targeting Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein Regulation and Function. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090306. [PMID: 30181452 PMCID: PMC6162369 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein (RKIP) is a highly conserved kinase inhibitor that functions as a metastasis suppressor in a variety of cancers. Since RKIP can reprogram tumor cells to a non-metastatic state by rewiring kinase networks, elucidating the mechanism by which RKIP acts not only reveals molecular mechanisms that regulate metastasis, but also represents an opportunity to target these signaling networks therapeutically. Although RKIP is often lost during metastatic progression, the mechanism by which this occurs in tumor cells is complex and not well understood. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of RKIP regulation in tumors and consider experimental and computational strategies for recovering or mimicking its function by targeting mediators of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ekrem Yesilkanal
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Marsha Rich Rosner
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Yang X, Ren Y, Sun S, Wang D, Zhang F, Li D, Li S, Zhou X. Identification of the Potential Virulence Factors and RNA Silencing Suppressors of Mulberry Mosaic Dwarf-Associated Geminivirus. Viruses 2018; 10:E472. [PMID: 30177616 PMCID: PMC6163789 DOI: 10.3390/v10090472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses encode virulence factors or RNA silencing suppressors to reprogram plant cellular processes or to fine-tune host RNA silencing-mediated defense responses. In a previous study, Mulberry mosaic dwarf-associated virus (MMDaV), a novel, highly divergent geminivirus, has been identified from a Chinese mulberry tree showing mosaic and dwarfing symptoms, but the functions of its encoded proteins are unknown. In this study, all seven proteins encoded by MMDaV were screened for potential virulence and RNA silencing suppressor activities. We found that V2, RepA, and Rep affect the pathogenicity of a heterologous potato virus X. We showed that V2 could inhibit local RNA silencing and long-distance movement of the RNA silencing signal, but not short-range spread of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) silencing signal in Nicotiana benthamiana 16c plants. In addition, V2 localized to both subnuclear foci and the cytoplasm. Deletion mutagenesis of V2 showed that the basic motif from amino acids 61 to 76 was crucial for V2 to form subnuclear foci and for suppression of RNA silencing. Although the V2 protein encoded by begomoviruses or a curtovirus has been shown to have silencing suppressor activity, this is the first identification of an RNA silencing suppressor from a woody plant-infecting geminivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yanxiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shaoshuang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Dongxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fanfan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shifang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Shi H, Yang H, Xu S, Zhao Y, Liu J. miR-505 functions as a tumor suppressor in glioma by targeting insulin like growth factor 1 receptor expression. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2018; 11:4405-4413. [PMID: 31949837 PMCID: PMC6962946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Compelling evidence shows that there are causative links between miRNAs abnormal regulation and the development of cancer. miR-505 has been reported to be aberrant expression and functions as a tumor suppressor in many human cancers, but its roles and potential molecular mechanism in glioma remain unclear. Here, we found that the expression levels of miR-505 were down-regulated in glioma tissues and cell lines. Exogenous over-expression of miR-505 resulted in inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in glioma in vitro. Furthermore, dual luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis confirmed that IGF1R (Insulin like growth factor 1 receptor) was a direct target gene of miR-505 in glioma. More importantly, over-expression of IGF1R rescued miR-505-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion in glioma in vitro. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-505 acts as a tumor suppressor in glioma via direct negative regulation of IGF1R, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shi
- Teaching and Research Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Shu Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Teaching and Research Department of Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
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Abstract
Glucose transport plays important roles for in vitro growth of insect-stage promastigotes and especially for viability of intramacrophage mammalian host-stage amastigotes of Leishmania mexicana. However, the roles of the three distinct glucose transporters, GT1, GT2, and GT3, in parasite viability inside macrophages and virulence in mice have not been fully explored. Parasite lines expressing GT1 or GT2 alone were strongly impaired in growth inside macrophages, but lines expressing GT3 alone infected macrophages and caused lesions in mice as robustly as wild-type parasites. Notably, GT3 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum of intracellular amastigotes, suggesting a potential role for salvage of glucose from that organelle for viability of infectious amastigotes. This study establishes the unique role of GT3 for parasite survival inside host macrophages and for robust virulence in infected animals. Glucose transporters are important for viability and infectivity of the disease-causing amastigote stages of Leishmania mexicana. The Δgt1-3 null mutant, in which the 3 clustered glucose transporter genes, GT1, GT2, and GT3, have been deleted, is strongly impaired in growth inside macrophages in vitro. We have now demonstrated that this null mutant is also impaired in virulence in the BALB/c murine model of infection and forms lesions considerably more slowly than wild-type parasites. Previously, we established that amplification of the PIFTC3 gene, which encodes an intraflagellar transport protein, both facilitated and accompanied the isolation of the original Δgt1-3 null mutant generated in extracellular insect-stage promastigotes. We have now isolated Δgt1-3 null mutants without coamplification of PIFTC3. These amplicon-negative null mutants are further impaired in growth as promastigotes, compared to the previously described null mutants containing the PIFTC3 amplification. In contrast, the GT3 glucose transporter plays an especially important role in promoting amastigote viability. A line that expresses only the single glucose transporter GT3 grows as well inside macrophages and induces lesions in animals as robustly as do wild-type amastigotes, but lines expressing only the GT1 or GT2 transporters replicate poorly in macrophages. Strikingly, GT3 is restricted largely to the endoplasmic reticulum in intracellular amastigotes. This observation raises the possibility that GT3 may play an important role as an intracellular glucose transporter in the infectious stage of the parasite life cycle. IMPORTANCE Glucose transport plays important roles for in vitro growth of insect-stage promastigotes and especially for viability of intramacrophage mammalian host-stage amastigotes of Leishmania mexicana. However, the roles of the three distinct glucose transporters, GT1, GT2, and GT3, in parasite viability inside macrophages and virulence in mice have not been fully explored. Parasite lines expressing GT1 or GT2 alone were strongly impaired in growth inside macrophages, but lines expressing GT3 alone infected macrophages and caused lesions in mice as robustly as wild-type parasites. Notably, GT3 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum of intracellular amastigotes, suggesting a potential role for salvage of glucose from that organelle for viability of infectious amastigotes. This study establishes the unique role of GT3 for parasite survival inside host macrophages and for robust virulence in infected animals.
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Li B, He L, Liu H. Down-regulation of LINC00341 predicts a poor prognosis and acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2018; 11:4205-4212. [PMID: 31949815 PMCID: PMC6962788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in tumor cell development and in the progression of human cancer. However, the significance and role of most lncRNAs, especially long intergenic ncRNAs (lincRNAs, the main type of lncRNAs), in gastric cancer is unclear. This study aimed to identify the clinical significance and potential biological function of LINC00341 in gastric cancer. Here, a qRT-PCR assay indicated that the relative expression level of LINC00341 were significantly down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues compared to matched adjacent normal tissues. Levels of LINC00341 in gastric cancer cell lines (MGC-803, BGC-823 and SGC-7901) were also significantly lower than in human normal gastric epithelial cell (GES-1). Patient with low LINC00341 expression were found to be negatively correlated with the TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that low expression of LINC00341 was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) of gastric cancer patients. Furthermore, an in vitro assay indicated that the over-expression of LINC00341 inhibited cell growth and migration and induced cell apoptosis in gastric cancer. In summary, this study provides the first evidence that the down-regulation of LINC00341 predicts a poor prognosis and acts as a tumor suppressor in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer, indicating that LINC00341 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
MicroRNAs are short regulatory RNAs that posttranscriptionally modulate gene expression and thus play crucial roles in controlling cancer-onset, growth, and progression processes. miR107, a highly conserved microRNA that maps to intron 5 of the PANK1 gene, contributes to the regulation of normal and tumor biological processes. Studies have reported that miR107 has oncogenic or tumor-suppressor functions in different human tumors. The pleiotropic functions of miR107 in various cancers are achieved via its targeting different genes that are involved in tumor proliferation, invasiveness, metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemotherapy-response pathways. The carcinogenicity or cancer-suppressor effects of miR107 occur in a tissue- and cell-specific manner, and the expression level of miR107 can be affected by various factors, including epigenetic and genetic factors, treatment exposure, and daily diet. A comprehensive analysis of the current literature suggests that miR107 functions as a central element in the regulation of cancer networks and can be used as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and drug target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Luo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Province Maternal and Child Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,
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44
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Marayati BF, Drayton AL, Tucker JF, Huckabee RH, Anderson AM, Pease JB, Zeyl CW, Zhang K. Loss of Elongation-Like Factor 1 Spontaneously Induces Diverse, RNase H-Related Suppressor Mutations in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Genetics 2018; 209:967-81. [PMID: 29844133 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy individual may carry a detrimental genetic trait that is masked by another genetic mutation. Such suppressive genetic interactions, in which a mutant allele either partially or completely restores the fitness defect of a particular mutant, tend to occur between genes that have a confined functional connection. Here we investigate a self-recovery phenotype in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, mediated by suppressive genetic interactions that can be amplified during cell culture. Cells without Elf1, an AAA+ family ATPase, have severe growth defects initially, but quickly recover growth rates near to those of wild-type strains by acquiring suppressor mutations. elf1Δ cells accumulate RNAs within the nucleus and display effects of genome instability such as sensitivity to DNA damage, increased incidence of lagging chromosomes, and mini-chromosome loss. Notably, the rate of phenotypic recovery was further enhanced in elf1Δ cells when RNase H activities were abolished and significantly reduced upon overexpression of RNase H1, suggesting that loss of Elf1-related genome instability can be resolved by RNase H activities, likely through eliminating the potentially mutagenic DNA–RNA hybrids caused by RNA nuclear accumulation. Using whole genome sequencing, we mapped a few consistent suppressors of elf1Δ including mutated Cue2, Rpl2702, and SPBPJ4664.02, suggesting previously unknown functional connections between Elf1 and these proteins. Our findings describe a mechanism by which cells bearing mutations that cause fitness defects and genome instability may accelerate the fitness recovery of their population through quickly acquiring suppressors. We propose that this mechanism may be universally applicable to all microorganisms in large-population cultures.
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45
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Jiang P, Zheng S, Lu L. Mitotic-Spindle Organizing Protein MztA Mediates Septation Signaling by Suppressing the Regulatory Subunit of Protein Phosphatase 2A-ParA in Aspergillus nidulans. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:988. [PMID: 29774021 PMCID: PMC5951981 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper timing and positioning of cytokinesis/septation is crucial for hyphal growth and conidiation in Aspergillus nidulans. The septation initiation network (SIN) components are a conserved spindle pole body (SPB) localized signaling cascade and the terminal kinase complex SidB-MobA, which must localize on the SPB in this pathway to trigger septation/cytokinesis. The regulatory subunit of phosphatase PP2A-ParA has been identified to be a negative regulator capable of inactivating the SIN. However, little is known about how ParA regulates the SIN pathway and whether ParA regulates the septum formation process through affecting the SPB-localized SIN proteins. In this study, through RNA-Seq and genetic approaches, we identified a new positive septation regulator, a putative mitotic-spindle organizing protein and a yeast Mzt1 homolog MztA, which acts antagonistically toward PP2A-ParA to coordinately regulate the SPB-localized SIN proteins SidB-MobA during septation. These findings imply that regulators, phosphatase PP2A-ParA and MztA counteract the septation function probably through balancing the polymerization and depolymerization of microtubules at the SPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujun Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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46
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Li C, Zhang Y, Wang H, Chen L, Zhang J, Sun M, Xu J, Wang C. The PKR regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) is involved in the regulation of growth, sexual and asexual development, and pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum. Mol Plant Pathol 2018; 19:909-921. [PMID: 28665481 PMCID: PMC6638095 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is a causal agent of wheat scab disease and a producer of deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxins. Treatment with exogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) increases its DON production. In this study, to better understand the role of the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway in F. graminearum, we functionally characterized the PKR gene encoding the regulatory subunit of PKA. Mutants deleted of PKR were viable, but showed severe defects in growth, conidiation and plant infection. The pkr mutant produced compact colonies with shorter aerial hyphae with an increased number of nuclei in hyphal compartments. Mutant conidia were morphologically abnormal and appeared to undergo rapid autophagy-related cell death. The pkr mutant showed blocked perithecium development, but increased DON production. It had a disease index of less than unity and failed to spread to neighbouring spikelets. The mutant was unstable and spontaneous suppressors with a faster growth rate were often produced on older cultures. A total of 67 suppressor strains that grew faster than the original mutant were isolated. Three showed a similar growth rate and colony morphology to the wild-type, but were still defective in conidiation. Sequencing analysis with 18 candidate PKA-related genes in three representative suppressor strains identified mutations only in the CPK1 catalytic subunit gene. Further characterization showed that 10 of the other 64 suppressor strains also had mutations in CPK1. Overall, these results showed that PKR is important for the regulation of hyphal growth, reproduction, pathogenesis and DON production, and mutations in CPK1 are partially suppressive to the deletion of PKR in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Department of Botany and Plant PathologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China
| | - Ju Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China
| | - Manli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China
| | - Jin‐Rong Xu
- Department of Botany and Plant PathologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA
| | - Chenfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China
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47
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Chen P, Zhao L, Pan X, Jin L, Lin C, Xu W, Xu J, Guan X, Wu X, Wang Y, Yang S, Wang T, Lai Y. Tumor suppressor microRNA-136-5p regulates the cellular function of renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5995-6002. [PMID: 29556316 PMCID: PMC5844007 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are involved in diverse physiological and developmental processes at the post-transcriptional level in cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that miR-136-5p is involved in certain types of cancer. However, the function of miR-136-5p in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains to be fully elucidated. In present study, miR-136-5p expression levels were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and MTT assays, CCK-8 assays, Transwell assays, wound healing assays and flow cytometry were performed to investigate the function of miR-136-5p in RCC. RT-qPCR revealed that the expression of miR-136 was significantly lower in RCC tissues and cells compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues and cells in vitro. miR-136-5pwas also demonstrated to be associated with RCC cell proliferation, viability, migration, invasion and apoptosis. miR-136-5p may therefore function as a tumor suppressor in RCC. Further studies are required to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying these functions of miR-136-5p, to investigate the potential function of miR-136-5p as a biomarker for the early detection and prognosis of RCC, and its potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijie Chen
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
- Department of Urology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Liwen Zhao
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
- The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Pan
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
- The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Canbin Lin
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
- Department of Urology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Jinling Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Xueling Wu
- Department of Urology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Reproduction, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Shangqi Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
- Professor Tao Wang, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Yongqing Lai
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
- The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Yongqing Lai, Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Bai G, Yang M, Zheng C, Zhang L, Eli M. Suppressor PAQR3 associated with the clinical significance and prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5703-5711. [PMID: 29552204 PMCID: PMC5840698 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Progestin and adipoQ receptor family member 3 (PAQR3) is a novel tumor suppressor; however, its function in esophageal cancer is not well understood. The present study explored the association between PAQR3, and the survival and clinical phenotype in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The expression of PAQR3 in 80 cases of ESCC and its corresponding adjacent tissues was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that PAQR3 expression in cancer tissues was significantly lower compared with that in adjacent tissues. Clinicopathological analysis indicated that PAQR3 expression was significantly correlated with ethnicity (P=0.032), tumor length (P=0.019), lymph node metastasis (P=0.011) and local recurrence (P=0.009). Notably, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated that a decrease in PAQR3 expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with ESCC. Multivariate analysis indicated that PAQR3 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for patients with ESCC. PAQR3 may serve an important role in the progress of ESCC and become a potential candidate for ESCC targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Bai
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Mei Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- VIP Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Mayinur Eli
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
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49
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Woods-Tör A, Studholme DJ, Cevik V, Telli O, Holub EB, Tör M. A Suppressor/Avirulence Gene Combination in Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Determines Race Specificity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:265. [PMID: 29545818 PMCID: PMC5838922 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The pathosystem of Arabidopsis thaliana and diploid biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) has been a model for investigating the molecular basis of Flor's gene-for-gene hypothesis. The isolates Hpa-Noks1 and Hpa-Cala2 are virulent on Arabidopsis accession RMX-A02 whilst an F1 generated from a cross between these two isolates was avirulent. The F2 progeny segregated 3,1 (avirulent, virulent), indicating a single major effect AVR locus in this pathogen. SNP-based linkage mapping confirmed a single AVR locus within a 14 kb map interval containing two genes encoding putative effectors. The Hpa-Cala2 allele of one gene, designated H. arabidopsidiscryptic1 (HAC1), encodes a protein with a signal peptide and an RxLR/dEER motif, and triggers a defense response in RMX-A02. The second gene is heterozygous in Hpa-Cala2. One allele, designated Suppressor ofHAC1Cala2 (S-HAC1Cala2 ) encodes a protein with a signal peptide and a dKEE motif with no RxLR motif; the other allele (s-hac1Cala2 ) encodes a protein with a signal peptide, a dEEE motif and is divergent in sequence from the S-HAC1Cala2 allele. In selfed progeny from Hpa-Cala2, dominant S-HAC1Cala2 allele carrying progeny correlates with virulence in RMX-A02, whereas homozygous recessive s-hac1Cala2 carrying progeny were avirulent. Genetic investigations suggested other heterozygous suppressor loci might exist in the Hpa-Cala2 genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Woods-Tör
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Studholme
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Volkan Cevik
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Osman Telli
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Eric B. Holub
- Warwick Crop Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Mahmut Tör
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
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50
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Lu WC, Liu CJ, Tu HF, Chung YT, Yang CC, Kao SY, Chang KW, Lin SC. miR-31 targets ARID1A and enhances the oncogenicity and stemness of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57254-57267. [PMID: 27528032 PMCID: PMC5302987 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-31 is oncogenic for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Proteins containing the AT-rich interacting domain (ARID) modulate the accessibility of chromatin to the transcription machinery needed for gene expression. In this study, we showed that miR-31 was able to target ARID1A in HNSCC. HNSCC tumors had an inverse miR-31 and ARID1A expression. miR-31 associated oncogenicities were rescued by ARID1A expression in HNSCC cells. Furthermore, ARID1A repressed the stemness properties and transcriptional activity of Nanog/OCT4/Sox2/EpCAM via the protein's affinity for AT-rich sites within promoters. HNSCC patients with tumors having high level of miR-31 expression and high levels of Nanog/OCT4/Sox2/EpCAM expression, together with low level of ARID1A expression, were found to have the worst survival. This study provides novel mechanistic clues demonstrating that miR-31 inhibits ARID1A and that this enriches the oncogenicity and stemness of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Lu
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ji Liu
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Feng Tu
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tung Chung
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Yang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Yen Kao
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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