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Abdul-Aziz Ahmed K, Jabbar AAJ, Abdulla MA, Zuhair Alamri Z, Ain Salehen N, Abdel Aziz Ibrahim I, Almaimani G, Bamagous GA, Almaimani RA, Almasmoum HA, Ghaith MM, Farrash WF. Mangiferin (mango) attenuates AOM-induced colorectal cancer in rat's colon by augmentation of apoptotic proteins and antioxidant mechanisms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:813. [PMID: 38191592 PMCID: PMC10774405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50947-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mangiferin (MF) is a natural C-glucosylxantone compound that has many substantial curative potentials against numerous illnesses including cancers. The present study's goal is to appraise the chemo preventive possessions of MF on azoxymethane (AOM)-mediated colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rats. Rats clustered into 5 groups, negative control (A), inoculated subcutaneously with normal saline twice and nourished on 0.5% CMC; groups B-E injected twice with 15 mg/kg azoxymethane followed by ingestion of 0.5% CMC (B, cancer control); intraperitoneal inoculation of 35 mg/kg 5-fluorouracil (C, reference rats) or nourished on 30 mg/kg (D) and 60 mg/kg (E) of MF. Results of gross morphology of colorectal specimens showed significantly lower total colonic ACF incidence in MF-treated rats than that of cancer controls. The colon tissue examination of cancer control rats showed increased ACF availability with bizarrely elongated nuclei, stratified cells, and higher depletion of the submucosal glands compared to MF-treated rats. Mangiferin treatment caused increased regulation of pro-apoptotic (increased Bax) proteins and reduced the β-catenin) proteins expression. Moreover, rats fed on MF had significantly higher glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in their colonic tissue homogenates. Mangiferin supplementation significantly down-shifted pro-inflammatory cytokines (transforming growth factor-α and interleukine-6) and up-shifted anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukine-10) based on serum analysis. The chemo-protective mechanistic of MF against AOM-induced ACF, shown by lower ACF values and colon tissue penetration, could be correlated with its positive modulation of apoptotic cascade, antioxidant enzymes, and inflammatory cytokines originating from AOM oxidative stress insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Abdul-Aziz Ahmed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmed A J Jabbar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Technical Health and Medical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, 44001, Iraq.
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Zaenah Zuhair Alamri
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nur Ain Salehen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghassan Almaimani
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazi A Bamagous
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain A Almasmoum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M Ghaith
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam F Farrash
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Espírito Santo SG, Da Silva TC, Cogliati B, Barbisan LF, Romualdo GR. Panx1 knockout promotes preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci development in a chemically induced model of mouse colon carcinogenesis. Int J Exp Pathol 2023; 104:304-312. [PMID: 37594023 PMCID: PMC10652697 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, which is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, is a multistep disease, featuring preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as the early morphological manifestation. The roles of hemichannel-forming transmembrane Pannexin 1 (Panx1) protein have not been investigated in the context of colon carcinogenesis yet, although it has contrasting roles in other cancer types. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the effects of Panx1 knockout (Panx1-/- ) on the early events of chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in mouse. Wild type (WT) and Panx1-/- female C57BL6J mice were submitted to a chemically induced model of colon carcinogenesis by receiving six intraperitoneal administrations of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) carcinogen. Animals were euthanized 8 h (week 7) or 30 weeks (week 37) after the last DMH administration in order to evaluate sub-acute colon toxicity outcomes or the burden of ACF, respectively. At week 7, Panx1 genetic ablation increased DMH-induced genotoxicity in peripheral blood cells, malondialdehyde levels in the colon, and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) in colonic crypts. Of note, at week 37, Panx1-/- animals showed an increase in aberrant crypts (AC), ACF mean number, and ACF multiplicity (AC per ACF) by 56%, 57% and 20%, respectively. In essence, our findings indicate that Panx1 genetic ablation promotes preneoplastic ACF development during chemically induced mouse colon carcinogenesis, and a protective role of Panx1 is postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gomes Espírito Santo
- Botucatu Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Multimodel Drug Screening Platform – Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (MDSP‐LCQE)São Paulo State University (UNESP)BotucatuSão Paulo StateBrazil
| | - Tereza Cristina Da Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of PathologyUniversity of São Paulo (USP)São PauloSão Paulo StateBrazil
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of PathologyUniversity of São Paulo (USP)São PauloSão Paulo StateBrazil
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- Botucatu Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Multimodel Drug Screening Platform – Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (MDSP‐LCQE)São Paulo State University (UNESP)BotucatuSão Paulo StateBrazil
- Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional BiologySão Paulo State University (UNESP)São Paulo StateBrazil
| | - Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- Botucatu Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Multimodel Drug Screening Platform – Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (MDSP‐LCQE)São Paulo State University (UNESP)BotucatuSão Paulo StateBrazil
- Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional BiologySão Paulo State University (UNESP)São Paulo StateBrazil
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do Amaral LA, da Silva Fleming de Almeida T, Oliveira de Souza GH, Baranoski A, Souza Maris R, Bittencourt Junior FF, Murino Rafacho BP, Duenhas Monreal AC, Leite Kassuya CA, Milan Brochado Antoniolli-Silva AC, Freitas dos Santos E, Oliveira RJ. The Use of Natural Fiber-Rich Food Product Is Safe and Reduces Aberrant Crypt Foci in a Pre-Clinical Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:2708. [PMID: 34444868 PMCID: PMC8401268 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a highly prevalent disease, requiring effective strategies for prevention and treatment. The present research aimed to formulate a natural fiber-rich food product (NFRFP) and to evaluate its safety, toxicogenetics, and effects on aberrant crypt foci induced by 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine in a preclinical model. METHODS A total of 78 male Wistar rats were distributed in six experimental groups: negative control, positive control (1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-40 mg/Kg), and four groups fed with 10% NFRFP: NFRFP, pre-treatment protocol, simultaneous treatment, and post-treatment protocol. RESULTS The NFRFP was shown to be a good source of fibers and did not change biometric, biochemical, hematological, and inflammatory parameters, and did not induce signs of toxicity and genotoxicity/carcinogenicity. NFRFP exhibited a chemopreventive effect, in all protocols, with damage reduction (% DR) of 75% in the comet test. NFRFP reduced the incidence of aberrant crypt outbreaks by 49.36% in the post-treatment protocol. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the applicability of NFRFP in the human diet due to potential production at an industrial scale and easy technological application in different products, since it could be incorporated in food without altering or causing small changes in final product sensory characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luane Aparecida do Amaral
- Center for Studies in Stem Cells, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics–CeTroGen, University Hospital Maria Aparecida Pedrossian, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79080-190, Brazil; (L.A.d.A.); (A.B.); (A.C.M.B.A.-S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Taina da Silva Fleming de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (T.d.S.F.d.A.); (B.P.M.R.)
| | | | - Adrivanio Baranoski
- Center for Studies in Stem Cells, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics–CeTroGen, University Hospital Maria Aparecida Pedrossian, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79080-190, Brazil; (L.A.d.A.); (A.B.); (A.C.M.B.A.-S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Souza Maris
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory, University Center of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79824-900, Brazil; (R.S.M.); (F.F.B.J.)
| | | | - Bruna Paola Murino Rafacho
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (T.d.S.F.d.A.); (B.P.M.R.)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andréia Conceição Milan Brochado Antoniolli-Silva
- Center for Studies in Stem Cells, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics–CeTroGen, University Hospital Maria Aparecida Pedrossian, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79080-190, Brazil; (L.A.d.A.); (A.B.); (A.C.M.B.A.-S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Elisvânia Freitas dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (T.d.S.F.d.A.); (B.P.M.R.)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira
- Center for Studies in Stem Cells, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics–CeTroGen, University Hospital Maria Aparecida Pedrossian, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79080-190, Brazil; (L.A.d.A.); (A.B.); (A.C.M.B.A.-S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
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de Lima DAN, Pelegrini BB, Uechi FAA, Varago RC, Pimenta BB, Kaneshima AMDS, Kaneshima EN, Souza PDC, Pedroso RB, Silveira TGV, Becker TCA. Evaluation of Antineoplasic Activity of Zingiber Officinale Essential Oil in the Colorectal Region of Wistar Rats. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2141-2147. [PMID: 32711443 PMCID: PMC7573421 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.7.2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aberrant Crypt (AC) and Aberrant Crypt Focus (ACF) are considered pre-neoplasic lesions, ranging from hyperplasia to different degrees of dysplasia in the colon. This work aimed to evaluate and quantify the chemopreventive activity of Zingiber officinale essential oil in the colorectal region of Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS We extracted the essential oil from ginger rhizomes and carried out ACF induction, in rats, with 1.2 Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at a 20 mg/kg dose. The experimental groups were GI (negative control); GII (positive induction control); GIII (DMH + essential oil); GIV (DMH +5-Florouracil) and GV (essential oil). The histological techniques used were methylene blue, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) dyeing, and immunohistochemistry (IHQ). RESULTS The major essential oil compounds were citral (17.25%), δ-citral (10.25%), camphene (9.55%), α-zingiberene (7.57%), nerol (6.37%) and plelandrene (6.83%). For the presence of AC or ACF, we did not observe them in GI and GV, while in GII and GIII, they were observed, in high values, in both regions, but only in the distal region, there was a significant difference between them. For GIV, for both regions, there were significant lower numbers of AC when compared to GIII. As observed, with HE, there were hyperplastic and dysplastic ACF in the proximal and distal portions of the colon. For IHQ analyses, there were positively PCNA antibody marked cells in all experimental groups. Yet, there was no significant correlation of mitotic index among them. Moreover, the results of GIII compared to GIV were very similar. CONCLUSION In this sense, the Zingiber officinale essential oil has good antioxidant potential because it presents a mixture of monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds. Thus, it is able to develop a chemoprotective effect, as it presented similar results to the standard drug, showing cell proliferation control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bruno Bueno Pimenta
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringa, UEM, Brazil.
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Wang Y, Jin HY, Fang MZ, Wang XF, Chen H, Huang SL, Kong DS, Li M, Zhang X, Sun Y, Wang SM. Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal cancer in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2064-2081. [PMID: 32536775 PMCID: PMC7267698 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i17.2064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a polyhydroxy phenolic compound extracted from tea and its antitumor effect has received widespread attention. We explored the inhibitory effect of EGCG on dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) using a rat model, predicted the interaction between EGCG and CRC target genes using a database, and explained the EGCG associated target pathways and mechanisms in CRC.
AIM To understand the inhibitory mechanisms of EGCG on CRC cell proliferation and identify its pharmacological targets by network pharmacology analysis.
METHODS DMH (40 mg/kg, s.c., twice weekly for eight weeks) was used to induce CRC in rats. After model establishment, the rats were administered with EGCG (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg, p.o., once daily for eight weeks) and killed 12 and 20 wk after the start of the experiment. Formation of aberrant crypt foci and tumor was studied by histological analysis. Using network pharmacology analysis, candidate and collective targets of EGCG and CRC were identified, and Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were used to predict the pathways altered by EGCG.
RESULTS At week 12, high-dose EGCG treatment significantly reduced the tumor formation rate, total number of tumors, cancerous and non-cancerous tumors, tumor volume, ascites formation, and aberrant crypt foci count. At week 20, all three doses of EGCG were effective. Seventy-eight collective targets of EGCG and CRC were identified, of which 28 genes were dysregulated in CRC. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and GO analyses showed that the dysregulated genes were enriched in hsa05210 (CRC), hsa04115 (p53 signaling pathway), and hsa04151 (PI3K-Akt signaling pathway), GO:0043124 (negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling pathway), GO:0043409 (negative regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade), and GO:2001244 (positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway) respectively.
CONCLUSION EGCG inhibits the formation of DMH-induced CRC by regulating key pathways involved in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hei-Ying Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Fang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- National Center of Colorectal Disease, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Center of Colorectal Disease, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu-Liang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - De-Song Kong
- Scientific Research Administration Department, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- Endoscopy Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Origin Bioscience Inc, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shui-Ming Wang
- National Center of Colorectal Disease, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
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Liu H, Zhang L, Li G, Gao Z. Xanthohumol protects against Azoxymethane-induced colorectal cancer in Sprague-Dawley rats. Environ Toxicol 2020; 35:136-144. [PMID: 31714664 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem and third most common deaths in western world. Dietary interventions together with modified dietary style can prevent the CRC in humans. Xanthohumol (XHA), a polyphenol isolated from Humulus lupulus L. contains many beneficial effects. The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of XHA on Azoxymethane (AOM)-induced experimental CRC in rats. Levels of MDA were increased and enzymic antioxidants levels were decreased in AOM-induced rats. However, these levels were reversed upon XHA treatment. Further, the mRNA expressions of iNOS and COX-2 were also downregulated in XHA treated rats compared to AOM-induced rats. Further, we found that administration of XHA suppressed the wnt/β-catenin signaling together with modulation of apoptotic proteins Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase 3. We conclude that XHA can able to quench the free radicals, inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, thus it can be a chemopreventive/therapeutic agent against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Liu
- Endoscopy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Health Management Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guanghua Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhuanglei Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
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Moulahoum H, Boumaza BMA, Ferrat M, Nagy AL, Olteanu DE, Bounaama A, Clichici S. Aberrant crypt foci are regionally affected by zinc treatment in a 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced colon carcinogenesis model. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 47:21-30. [PMID: 29544804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a trace element widely known for its marked antioxidant properties. To gain more insight into the site- and time- specific mechanisms by which it induces chemoprevention, this study was elaborated over a pre-cancerous model of colon carcinogenesis. Colon cancer was induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in mice (20 mg/kg for 2 weeks) and groups of animals were supplemented with or without zinc sulfate (ZnSO4, 200 mg/L) in drinking water for 4, 10 or 14 weeks. Colon tissues were collected for pathological observation, analyzing aberrant crypt (AC) and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formations, multiplicity and distribution. Similarly, histological assessment and mucin production, as well as oxidative stress markers estimation was performed for the different groups. Results showed a significant increase in ACF and AC numbers, ACF multiplicity and demonstrated stronger distal occurrence than in the proximal after DHM administration. Histopathological analysis presented marked structural alterations and mucin loss in the distal than the proximal colons. A significant increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), L-ornithine and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was observed followed by a significant decrease in antioxidant markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH)). Oral ZnSO4 supplementation (continuous or partial) induced significant decrease in ACF, AC numbers and multiplicity, restored histological architecture and mucin production, and a significant decrease in proinflammatory markers while it reduced antioxidants to normal levels. From this study, insight was obtained on the use of ZnSO4 as a chemopreventive agent and shed light on its potential, as a supplement in nutraceutical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Moulahoum
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Belkacem Mohamed Amine Boumaza
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Meriem Ferrat
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Andras-Laszlo Nagy
- Pathology Department, Universitatea de ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicinǎ Veterinarǎ (USAMV), Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Elena Olteanu
- Physiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Abdelkader Bounaama
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Simona Clichici
- Physiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Son YS, Ullah HMA, Elfadl AK, Ghim SG, Chung MJ, Kim YD, Lee EJ, Kang KK, Jeong KS. Inhibition of Formation of Azoxymethane-induced Colonic Aberrant Crypt Foci in Rats by Edible Green Algae Capsosiphon fulvescens and Brown Algae Hizikia fusiforme. In Vivo 2018; 32:101-108. [PMID: 29275305 PMCID: PMC5892625 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Capsosiphon fulvescens (green seaweed) and Hizikia fusiforme (brown seaweed) are marine algae consumed as food supplements, especially in Japan, China and Korea, and are considered traditional medicinal tonics for certain ailments. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible inhibitory effects of dietary C. fulvescens and H. fusiforme on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) in rats. F344 male rats (5 weeks, 150 g) were divided into six groups as follows. Group 1: Injected with normal saline solution and fed control diet (untreated control). Group 2: Injected with AOM and fed control diet (treated control). Group 3: Injected with AOM and fed 1% C. fulvescens diet. Group 4: Injected with AOM and fed 2% C. fulvescens diet. Group 5: Injected with AOM and fed 2% H. fusiforme diet. Group 6: Injected with AOM and fed 6% H. fusiforme diet. Test animals received subcutaneous injections of AOM (15 mg/1 ml/kg body weight) once a week for 2 weeks to induce aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in treated control and experimental groups. We evaluated the effects of dietary C. fulvescens and H. fusiforme at two different dose levels: 1 and 2% C. fulvescens, and 2 and 6% H. fusiforme, on colonic carcinogenesis by AOM in rats. Our results suggest that body weights were not significantly different amongst groups. We found that feeding C. fulvescens and H. fusiforme with a control diet significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the development of ACF in experimental groups. C. fulvescens and H. fusiforme in food also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index in the colonic tissues of experimental groups. These results demonstrate the chemopreventive potential of C. fulvescens and H. fusiforme against CRC in an AOM-induced rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sook Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - H M Arif Ullah
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed K Elfadl
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soong-Gu Ghim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Chung
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Deuk Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ku Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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9
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Wang X, Ye T, Chen WJ, Lv Y, Hao Z, Chen J, Zhao JY, Wang HP, Cai YK. Structural shift of gut microbiota during chemo-preventive effects of epigallocatechin gallate on colorectal carcinogenesis in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:8128-8139. [PMID: 29290650 PMCID: PMC5739920 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i46.8128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on structural changes of gut microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis.
METHODS An azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was established. Forty-two female FVB/N mice were randomly divided into the following three groups: group 1 (10 mice, negative control) was treated with vehicle, group 2 (16 mice, positive control) was treated with AOM plus vehicle, and group 3 (16 mice, EG) was treated with AOM plus EGCG. For aberrant crypt foci (ACF) evaluation, the colons were rapidly took out after sacrifice, rinsed with saline, opened longitudinally, laid flat on a polystyrene board, and fixed with 10% buffered formaldehyde solution before being stained with 0.2% methylene blue in saline. For tumor evaluation, the colon was macroscopically inspected and photographed, then the total number of tumors was enumerated and tumor size measured. For histological examination, the fixed tissues were paraffin-embedded and sectioned at 5 mm thickness. Microbial genomic DNA was extracted from fecal and intestinal content samples using a commercial kit. The V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA were PCR-amplified with the barcoded fusion primers. Using the best hit classification option, the sequences from each sample were aligned to the RDP 16S rRNA training set to classify the taxonomic abundance in QIIME. Statistical analyses were then performed.
RESULTS Treatment of mice with 1% EGCG caused a significant decrease in the mean number of ACF per mouse, when compared with the model mice treated with AOM/DSS (5.38 ± 4.24 vs 13.13 ± 3.02, P < 0.01). Compared with the positive control group, 1% EGCG treatment dependently decreased tumor load per mouse by 85% (33.96 ± 6.10 vs 2.96 ± 2.86, respectively, P < 0.01). All revealed that EGCG could inhibit colon carcinogenesis by decreasing the number of precancerous lesions as well as solid tumors, with reduced tumor load and delayed histological progression of CRC. During the cancerization, the diversity of gut microbiota increased, potential carcinogenic bacteria such as Bacteroides were enriched, and the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria (Clostridiaceae, Ruminococcus, etc.) decreased continuously. In contrast, the structure of gut microbiota was relatively stable during the intervention of EGCG on colon carcinogenesis. Enrichment of probiotics (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillu, etc.) might be a potential mechanism for EGCG’s effects on tumor suppression. Via bioinformatics analysis, principal coordinate analysis and cluster analysis of the tumor formation process, we found that the diversity of gut microbiota increased in the tumor model group while that in the EGCG interfered group (EG) remained relatively stable.
CONCLUSION Gut microbiota imbalance might be a potential mechanism for the prevention of malignant transformation by EGCG, which is significant for diagnosis, treatment, prognosis evaluation, and prevention of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The 5th People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of General Surgery, The 5th People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wen-Jie Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The 5th People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - You Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The 5th People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zong Hao
- Department of General Surgery, The 5th People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The 5th People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jia-Ying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The 5th People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui-Peng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The 5th People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuan-Kun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, The 5th People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
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10
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Sekar V, Anandasadagopan SK, Ganapasam S. Genistein regulates tumor microenvironment and exhibits anticancer effect in dimethyl hydrazine-induced experimental colon carcinogenesis. Biofactors 2016; 42:623-637. [PMID: 27255553 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality, worldwide. Cancer stem cells are attractive targets for therapeutic interventions since their abnormal growth may trigger tumor initiation, progression, and recurrence. Colon cancer in rats were induced with 1, 2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) and treated with genistein, an isoflavone rich in the soy food products, which also possesses various biological activities. Genistein treatment regulates enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidants in the DMH-induced colonic tissue microenvironment. Alcian blue staining in colonic tissue reveals that mucin secretion was found to be depleted in DMH-induced group of animals. The alterations were normalized in the genistein-treated groups. Also, the mast cell population and collagen deposition were reduced as compared to induced group. Genistein treatment reduces the prognostic marker Argyrophilic nuclear organizer region (AgNOR) and proliferating cell nucleolar antigen (PCNA) in DMH-induced group of rats. DMH administration induces oxidative stress, whereas genistein activates nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and its downstream target hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1). Colonic stem cell marker protein CD133, CD44, and β-catenin expressions were found to be increased in DMH-induced group of animals as compared to control group of rats. Genistein treatment suppressed the expression of these stem cell markers suggesting rapid dysfunctional activation and proliferation of colonic stem cell-induced by DMH. The results of this study indicate that genistein administration in rats restored the colonic niche that was damaged by DMH and inhibits colon cancer progression. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(6):623-637, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevan Sekar
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Anandasadagopan
- Biological sciences, Biochemistry Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India
| | - Sudhandiran Ganapasam
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India
- Centre for Stem Cell Research in the Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India
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11
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Pattananandecha T, Sirilun S, Duangjitcharoen Y, Sivamaruthi BS, Suwannalert P, Peerajan S, Chaiyasut C. Hydrolysed inulin alleviates the azoxymethane-induced preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci by altering selected intestinal microbiota in Sprague-Dawley rats. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:1596-1605. [PMID: 26794346 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1110597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Inulin, a non-digestible carbohydrate isolated from Helianthus tuberosus L. (Asteraceae), has been shown to alter the gut beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacteria. Inulin also influences the activities of intestinal microbiota that could prevent the colon cancer development. Objective This study determines the effect of hydrolysed inulin with different degrees of polymerisation on alteration of intestinal microbiota and their activities on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rats. Materials and methods Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (three control and three AOM-treated groups) and the animal were fed with either a normal diet or diet containing 10% of long-chain inulin (InuL) or short-chain inulin (InuS), respectively, for 17 weeks. Colon cancer was induced in rats by injecting AOM subcutaneously at the 8th and 9th week of the study period. At the end of the experiment, cecal contents of rats were examined for selected microbiota, organic acids, putrefactive compounds and microbial enzymes. ACF formation was microscopically examined. Results The inulin diets significantly increased the weight and decreased the pH of the caecal content. The rats fed with InuL-supplemented diet showed approximately 2.9- and 6.8-fold increases in the biomass of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacteria, respectively. Naive and AOM-treated rats fed with inulin-supplemented diet showed ∼1.3- and ∼2.2-fold decreases in the biomass of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, respectively. Inulins significantly decreased the colonic concentration of phenol, p-cresol and indole. Reduction in the activity of microbial enzymes such as β-glucuronidase, azoreductase and nitroreductase were observed in inulin-treated animals. Reduction in the ACF formation has been observed in inulin-treated groups. Discussion and conclusion The present study demonstrates that dietary administration of inulin reduces the formation of preneoplastic lesions in the colon, possibly by altering the microecology and microbial activities on carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanawat Pattananandecha
- a Health Product Research and Development Unit , Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- a Health Product Research and Development Unit , Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Yodsawee Duangjitcharoen
- a Health Product Research and Development Unit , Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | | | - Prasit Suwannalert
- b Department of Pathobiology , Faculty of Science, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | | | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- a Health Product Research and Development Unit , Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
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12
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Alam S, Pal A, Kumar R, Mir SS, Ansari KM. Nexrutine inhibits azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt formation in rat colon and induced apoptotic cell death in colon adenocarcinoma cells. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:1262-74. [PMID: 26259065 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third most common cause of death in the United States. Therefore, new preventive strategies are warranted for preventing colon cancer. Nexrutine (NX), an herbal extract from Phellodendron amurense, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer activity for various tissue specific cancers, but its chemopreventive efficacy has not been evaluated against colon cancer. Here, we explored the mechanism of chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic efficacy of NX against colon cancer. We found that dietary exposure of NX significantly reduced the number of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rats. In addition, significant inhibition in AOM-induced cell proliferation and reduced expression of the inflammatory markers COX-2, iNOS as well as the proliferative markers PCNA and cyclin D1 were also seen. Moreover, NX exposure significantly enhanced apoptosis in the colon of AOM treated rats. Furthermore, in in vitro studies, NX (2.5, 5, 10 μg/ml, 48 h) decreased cell survival and colony formation while inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in colon adenocarcinoma cells COLO205 and HCT-15. However, NX had minimal cytotoxic effect on IEC-6 normal rat intestinal cells, suggesting its high therapeutic index. NX treatment also modulates the level of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins along with cytochrome c release, cleavage and enhanced expression of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase as well as the catalytic activity of caspase 3 and caspase 9 in both COLO205 and HCT-15 cells. Based on these in vivo and in vitro findings, we suggest that NX could be useful candidate agent for colon cancer chemoprevention and treatment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshad Alam
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India
- Department of Bio-engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Anu Pal
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - Snober S Mir
- Department of Bio-engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Kausar M Ansari
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India
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Reungpatthanaphong S, Chaiyasut C, Sirilun S, Suwannalert P. Unpolished Thai Rice Prevents Aberrant Crypt Foci Formation through the Invovement of ?catenin and COX2 Expression in AzoxymethaneTreated Rats. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:3551-3558. [PMID: 27510008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, with chronic inflammation and diet as major causes in its development. Chemopreventive effects of natural dietary products have been the focus of studies for prevention over the past decade. This study was conducted to determine the effects of unpolished Thai rice during precancerous stage through the involvement of ?catenin, cyclooxygenase2 (COX2) expression and inflammatory cytokines focusing on azoxymethane (AOM)induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF)related to CRC. Male Sprague Dawley rats received two injections of AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) at weeks 4 and 5 while rats were treated with 20% or 70% unpolished Thai rice. The rats were sacrificed at week 38 and the colons removed for aberrant crypt foci (ACF) identification. Histopathologic changes, immunohistochemical analysis of ?catenin and COX2 expression, and cytokine expression of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory markers were determined. The administration of unpolished Thai rice significantly and dose dependently decreased the total number of ACF and the percentages of ACF with highgrade dysplasia. Interestingly, unpolished Thai rice suppressed the expression of βcatenin and COX2. In addition, it also altered proinflammatory (IL6 and IFNγ) and antiinflammatory (IL 10) markers. The results suggested that unpolished Thai rice may provide a promising dietary intake for prevention during precancerous stage of CRC development, through the involvement of βcatenin and COX2 expression, and also modulate inflammatory cytokinesrelated to CRC.
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Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Pandurangan AK, Hazilawati H, Roselina K. Brewers' rice attenuated aberrant crypt foci developing in colon of azoxymethane-treated rats. Pak J Pharm Sci 2016; 29:205-212. [PMID: 26826813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Brewers' rice is one of abundant agricultural waste products in the rice industry. The present study is designed to investigate the potential of brewers' rice to inhibit the development of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in colon of azoxymethane (AOM)-treated rats. The effects on the attenuation of hepatic toxicity and kidney function enzymes were also evaluated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: (G1) normal; (G2) AOM alone; and (G3), (G4), and (G5), which were AOM fed with 10%, 20%, and 40% (w/w) of brewers' rice, respectively. The rats in group 2-5 were injected intraperitoneally with AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) once weekly for two weeks. After 8 weeks of treatment,the total number of ACF/colon and the number of ACF in the distal and middle colon were significantly reduced in all treatment groups compared to G2 (p<0.05). Brewers' rice decreased the number of ACF with dysplastic morphology in a dose-dependent manner. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level in G5 was significantly lower compared to the G2 (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study found the potential value of brewers' rice in reducing the risk of cancer susceptibility in colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Ling Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Esa Norhaizan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia / Research Centre of Excellent, Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases (NNCD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia / Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ashok Kumar Pandurangan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamzah Hazilawati
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Karim Roselina
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Hajrezaie M, Shams K, Moghadamtousi SZ, Karimian H, Hassandarvish P, Emtyazjoo M, Zahedifard M, Majid NA, Ali HM, Abdulla MA. Chemoprevention of Colonic Aberrant Crypt Foci by Novel Schiff Based Dichlorido(4-Methoxy-2-{[2-(Piperazin-4-Ium-1-Yl)Ethyl]Iminomethyl}Phenolate)Cd Complex in Azoxymethane-Induced Colorectal Cancer in Rats. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12379. [PMID: 26201720 PMCID: PMC4511874 DOI: 10.1038/srep12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Schiff-based complexes as a source of cancer chemotherapeutic compounds have been subjected to the variety of anticancer studies. The in-vitro analysis confirmed the CdCl2(C14H21N3O2) complex possess cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction properties in colon cancer cells, so lead to investigate the inhibitory efficiency of the compound on colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF). Five groups of adult male rats were used in this study: Vehicle, cancer control, positive control groups and the groups treated with 25 and 50 mg/kg of complex for 10 weeks. The rats in vehicle group were injected subcutaneously with 15 mg/kg of sterile normal saline once a week for 2 weeks and orally administered with 5% Tween-20 (5 ml/kg) for 10 weeks, other groups were injected subcutaneously with 15 mg/kg azoxymethane once a week for 2 weeks. The rats in positive groups were injected intra-peritoneally with 35 mg/kg 5-Flourouracil four times in a month. Administration of the complex suppressed total colonic ACF formation up to 73.4% (P < 0.05). The results also showed that treatment with the complex significantly reduced the level of malondialdehyde while increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Furthermore, the down-regulation of PCNA and Bcl2 and the up-regulation of Bax was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hajrezaie
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Keivan Shams
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Hamed Karimian
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mozhgan Emtyazjoo
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University North Tehran Branch, 1841914497 Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zahedifard
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nazia Abdul Majid
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hapipah Mohd Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Zorofchian Moghadamtousi S, Rouhollahi E, Karimian H, Fadaeinasab M, Firoozinia M, Ameen Abdulla M, Abdul Kadir H. The chemopotential effect of Annona muricata leaves against azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci in rats and the apoptotic effect of Acetogenin Annomuricin E in HT-29 cells: a bioassay-guided approach. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122288. [PMID: 25860620 PMCID: PMC4393181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Annona muricata has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of cancer and tumors. This study evaluated the chemopreventive properties of an ethyl acetate extract of A. muricata leaves (EEAML) on azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rats. Moreover, the cytotoxic compound of EEAML (Annomuricin E) was isolated, and its apoptosis-inducing effect was investigated against HT-29 colon cancer cell line using a bioassay-guided approach. This experiment was performed on five groups of rats: negative control, cancer control, EEAML (250 mg/kg), EEAML (500 mg/kg) and positive control (5-fluorouracil). Methylene blue staining of colorectal specimens showed that application of EEAML at both doses significantly reduced the colonic ACF formation compared with the cancer control group. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed the down-regulation of PCNA and Bcl-2 proteins and the up-regulation of Bax protein after administration of EEAML compared with the cancer control group. In addition, an increase in the levels of enzymatic antioxidants and a decrease in the malondialdehyde level of the colon tissue homogenates were observed, suggesting the suppression of lipid peroxidation. Annomuricin E inhibited the growth of HT-29 cells with an IC50 value of 1.62 ± 0.24 μg/ml after 48 h. The cytotoxic effect of annomuricin E was further substantiated by G1 cell cycle arrest and early apoptosis induction in HT-29 cells. Annomuricin E triggered mitochondria-initiated events, including the dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential and the leakage of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. Prior to these events, annomuricin E activated caspase 3/7 and caspase 9. Upstream, annomuricin E induced a time-dependent upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 at the mRNA and protein levels. In conclusion, these findings substantiate the usage of A. muricata leaves in ethnomedicine against cancer and highlight annomuricin E as one of the contributing compounds in the anticancer activity of A. muricata leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Zorofchian Moghadamtousi
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elham Rouhollahi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hamed Karimian
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mehran Fadaeinasab
- Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Firoozinia
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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17
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Furtado RA, Oliveira BR, Silva LR, Cleto SS, Munari CC, Cunha WR, Tavares DC. Chemopreventive effects of rosmarinic acid on rat colon carcinogenesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 2015; 24:106-12. [PMID: 24977626 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a polyphenolic compound that shows a number of interesting biological activities, such as antiapoptotic, antifibrotic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antineurodegenerative, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of RA to prevent 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced primary DNA damage and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in Wistar rat colon. The animals were treated by gavage with doses of 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg body weight/day. Next, the animals received a single subcutaneous injection of 40 mg/kg DMH and were killed 4 h later for the evaluation of DNA damage using the comet assay. In addition, two doses of 40 mg/kg DMH were administered weekly for 2 weeks and the animals were killed 2 weeks after the last injection for the evaluation of ACF formation in rat colon. The results showed that RA exerted no genotoxic/carcinogenic effects. Treatment with different doses of RA combined with DMH led to a significant reduction in the extent of DNA damage and in the frequency of ACF compared with animals treated with DMH alone. These findings suggest that RA reduces DNA damage and suppresses the formation of ACF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Furtado
- Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201 - Parque, Universitário, São Paulo, Brazil
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Feregrino-Perez AA, Piñol-Felis C, Gomez-Arbones X, Guevara-González RG, Campos-Vega R, Acosta-Gallegos J, Loarca-Piña G. A non-digestible fraction of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis during early carcinogenesis. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2014; 69:248-254. [PMID: 24952025 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-014-0428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the non-digestible fraction (NDF) from common cooked beans (P. vulgaris L., cv Negro 8025) inhibits azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancer and influences the expression of genes involved in the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through the action of butyrate. The objective of this study was to identify cell cycle alterations and morphological changes induced by treatment with AOM and to examine the formation of colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in male Sprague Dawley rats fed with these beans. Rats were fed control diets upon arrival and were randomly placed into four groups after one week of acclimatization: control, NDF (intragastric administration), NDF + AOM and AOM. Rats treated with NDF + AOM exhibited a significantly lower number of total colonic ACF with a notable increase in the number of cells present in the G1 phase (83.14%); a decreased proliferation index was observed in the NDF + AOM group when compared to AOM group. NDF + AOM also displayed a higher number of apoptotic cells compared to AOM group. NDF of cooked common beans inhibited colon carcinogenesis at an early stage by inducing cell cycle arrest of colon cells and morphological changes linked to apoptosis, thus confirming previous results obtained with gene expression studies.
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Shwter AN, Abdullah NA, Alshawsh MA, Alsalahi A, Hajrezaei M, Almaqrami AA, Salem SD, Abdulla MA. Chemoprevention of colonic aberrant crypt foci by Gynura procumbens in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 151:1194-1201. [PMID: 24393787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gynura procumbens is commonly used as a traditional medicinal plant in Malaysia for treatment of many diseases. To investigate the chemopreventive properties of Gynura procumbens on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rats. METHODS Five groups of adult male rats were used in this experiment. Normal/control group; the rats were injected subcutaneously with 15 mg/kg of sterile normal saline once a week for two weeks, and orally administered with 10% Tween 20 (5 mL/kg). Carcinogen and treatment groups; the rats were injected subcutaneously each with 15 mg/kg body weight AOM once a week for 2 weeks and were continued to be fed for two months, respectively with 10% Tween 20, 500 and 250mg/kg body weight plant extracts. Reference group; the rats were injected subcutaneously with 15 mg/kg body weight AOM once a week for 2 weeks, and injected intraperitoneally with fluorouracil 35 mg/kg body weight for five consecutive days. RESULT Total ACF detected in methylene blue stained whole mounts of rat colon were 21, 23and 130 in rats fed with 500, 250 mg/kg body weight treatment and carcinogen groups, respectively. Treatment with high and low doses of the plant extract led to83.6% and 82.2% decrease in the total crypts in the groups fed 500 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg Gynura procumbens respectively compared to carcinogen group. Immunohistochemical staining of ACF showed suppressed azoxymethane induced colonic cell proliferation and Bcl-2 expression. Glutathione-S-transfarase and superoxide dismutase activities were higher in treated rats compared to carcinogen groups. CONCLUSION Gynura procumbens reduced the incidence of AOM induced ACF. The findings showed that Gynura procumbens may have antiproliferative and antioxidative properties. Moreover, Gynura procumbens possesses the medicinal properties to prevent colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdrabuh N Shwter
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azizan Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed A Alshawsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdulsamd Alsalahi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Hajrezaei
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amel A Almaqrami
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sameer D Salem
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood A Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Lim S, Xu J, Kim J, Chen TY, Su X, Standard J, Carey E, Griffin J, Herndon B, Katz B, Tomich J, Wang W. Role of anthocyanin-enriched purple-fleshed sweet potato p40 in colorectal cancer prevention. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1908-17. [PMID: 23784800 PMCID: PMC3980565 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Anthocyanins, the natural pigments in plant foods, have been associated with cancer prevention. However, the content of anthocyanins in staple foods is typically low and the mechanisms by which they exert anticancer activity is not yet fully defined. METHODS AND RESULTS We selected an anthocyanin-enriched purple-fleshed sweet potato clone, P40, and investigated its potential anticancer effect in both in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal model. In addition to a high level of total phenolics and antioxidant capacity, P40 possesses a high content of anthocyanins at 7.5 mg/g dry matter. Treatment of human colonic SW480 cancer cells with P40 anthocyanin extracts at 0-40 μM of peonidin-3-glucoside equivalent resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cell number due to cytostatic arrest of cell cycle at G1 phase but not cytotoxicity. Furthermore, dietary P40 at 10-30% significantly suppressed azoxymethane-induced formation of aberrant crypt foci in the colons of CF-1 mice in conjunction with, at least in part, a lesser proliferative PCNA and a greater apoptotic caspase-3 expression in the colon mucosal epithelial cells. CONCLUSION These observations, coupled with both in vitro and in vivo studies reported here, suggest anthocyanin-enriched sweet potato P40 may protect against colorectal cancer by inducing cell-cycle arrest, antiproliferative, and apoptotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Lim
- Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jianteng Xu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jaeyong Kim
- Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Tzu-Yu Chen
- Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Joseph Standard
- Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | - Jason Griffin
- Department of Horticulture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Betty Herndon
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin Katz
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - John Tomich
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Vinothkumar R, Vinoth Kumar R, Sudha M, Viswanathan P, Balasubramanian T, Nalini N. Modulatory effect of troxerutin on biotransforming enzymes and preneoplasic lesions induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rat colon carcinogenesis. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 96:15-26. [PMID: 24512697 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third most global oncologic problem faced by medical fraternity. Troxerutin, a flavonoid present in tea, coffee, cereal grains, and a variety of fruits and vegetables, exhibits various pharmacological and biological activities. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of troxerutin on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, colonic bacterial enzymes and the development of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) during 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced experimental rat colon carcinogenesis. Male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 served as control. Group 2 received troxerutin (50 mg/kg b.w., p.o. every day) for 16 weeks. Groups 3-6 received subcutaneous injections of DMH (20 mg/kg b.w.) once a week, for the first four weeks. In addition, groups 4-6 received different doses of troxerutin (12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg b.w., p.o. every day respectively) along with DMH injections. Our results reveal that DMH treated rats exhibited elevated activities of phase I enzymes such as cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5, cytochrome P4502E1, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase and reduced activities of phase II enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST), DT-diaphorase (DTD) and uridine diphospho glucuronyl transferase (UDPGT) in the liver and colonic mucosa of control and experimental rats. Furthermore, the activities of fecal and colonic mucosal bacterial enzymes, such as β-glucronidase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase and mucinase were found to be significantly higher in DMH alone treated rats than those of the control rats. On supplementation with troxerutin to DMH treated rats, the alterations in the activities of the biotransforming enzymes, bacterial enzymes and the pathological changes were significantly reversed, the effect being more pronounced when troxerutin was supplemented at the dose of 25 mg/kg b.w. Thus troxerutin could be considered as a good chemopreventive agent against the formation of preneoplastic lesions in a rat model of colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajamanickam Vinothkumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajenderan Vinoth Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mani Sudha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Periyaswamy Viswanathan
- Department of Pathology, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangavel Balasubramanian
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Centre for Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Namasivayam Nalini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sikalidis AK, Fitch MD, Fleming SE. Risk of colonic cancer is not higher in the obese Lep(ob) mouse model compared to lean littermates. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 19:867-74. [PMID: 23813464 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that obesity increases the risk of colorectal cancer in humans. Given that diet-induced obesity mouse models verified the epidemiological data, the present study aimed to determine whether obese C57BL/6J-Lep(ob) male mice (a different obesity in vivo model) were at greater risk of colonic cancer than their lean male littermates. Risk of colonic tumorigenesis was assessed by numbers of aberrant crypts, aberrant crypt foci and colonic tumors. Proliferation of the colonic epithelia was assessed histochemically following administration of BrdU. Availability of the procarcinogen, azoxymethane (AOM) to target tissues was assessed by quantifying via HPLC plasma AOM concentrations during the 60 min period following AOM injection. When obese and lean mice were injected with azoxymethane (AOM) at doses calculated to provide equivalent AOM levels per kg lean body mass, obese animals had significantly fewer aberrant crypts/colon and fewer aberrant crypt foci/colon than the lean animals. Tumors were identified in the colonic mucosa of lean (4 tumors in 14 mice) but not obese (0 tumors in 15 mice) mice. Colonic cell proliferation was not significantly different for obese and lean mice. Because these results were unexpected, plasma AOM concentrations were measured and were found to be lower in the obese than lean mice. When plasma AOM levels were comparable for the lean and obese mice, the Lep(ob) mice continued to have significantly fewer aberrant crypt foci/colon than the lean mice, but differences were not statistically different for aberrant crypts/colon. Interestingly, obese Lep(ob) mice did not exhibit increased risk of colonic cancer as expected. Instead, Lep(ob) mice exhibited equivalent or lower risk of colon cancer when compared to the lean group. These results taken together with in vivo results from diet-induced obesity studies, imply that leptin may be responsible for the increased risk of colon cancer associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos K Sikalidis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA,
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Khan R, Khan AQ, Lateef A, Rehman MU, Tahir M, Ali F, Hamiza OO, Sultana S. Glycyrrhizic acid suppresses the development of precancerous lesions via regulating the hyperproliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis and apoptosis in the colon of Wistar rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56020. [PMID: 23457494 PMCID: PMC3573076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colon carcinogenesis is a multistep process and it emanates from a series of molecular and histopathological alterations. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is a natural and major pentacyclic triterpenoid glycoside of licorice roots extracts. It has several pharmacological and biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-cancer. In the present study, we investigated the chemopreventive potential of GA against 1,2-dimethyhydrazine (DMH)-induced precancerous lesions i.e., aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and mucin depleted foci (MDF), and its role in regulating the hyperproliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis and apoptosis in the colon of Wistar rats. Methods Animals were divided into 5 groups. In group III, IV and V, GA was administered at the dose of 15 mg/kg b. wt. orally while in group II, III and IV, DMH was administered subcutaneously in the groin at the dose of 20 mg/kg b.wt once a week for first 5 weeks and animals were euthanized after 9 weeks. Results GA supplementation suppressed the development of precancerous lesions and it also reduced the infiltration of mast cells, suppressed the immunostaining of Ki-67, NF-kB-p65, COX-2, iNOS and VEGF while enhanced the immunostaining of p53, connexin-43, caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3. GA treatment significantly attenuated the level of TNF-α and it also reduced the depletion of the mucous layer as well as attenuated the shifting of sialomucin to sulphomucin. Conclusion Our findings suggest that GA has strong chemopreventive potential against DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis but further studies are warranted to elucidate the precise mechanism of action of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Khan
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Abdul Quaiyoom Khan
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Abdul Lateef
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Muneeb U. Rehman
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Mir Tahir
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Farrah Ali
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Oday O. Hamiza
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarwat Sultana
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Gois E, Daniel RAF, Parra RS, Almeida ALNR, Rocha JJR, Garcia SB, Féres O. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduces COX-2 expression in a dimethylhydrazine-induced rat model of colorectal carcinogenesis. Undersea Hyperb Med 2012; 39:693-698. [PMID: 22670549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A better understanding of oncogenesis mechanisms should result in more effective approaches to colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment and prevention. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy is indicated as adjuvant treatment for infectious diseases as well as hypoxic and inflammatory lesions. The anti-inflammatory effect of HBO2 could reduce colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS 48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following groups: * G1 - control; * G2 - HBO2 treatment; * G3 - 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) injection only; * G4 - DMH injection and HBO2 treatment. These groups were further randomly divided into two subgroups: a. euthanasia at six weeks; and. b. euthanasia at 12 weeks. Animals belonging to G2 and G4 were subjected to 15 HBO2 sessions, performed every 24 hours at 2.0 atm absolute pressure, 90 minutes each. Cancer was induced via intraperitoneal injection of DMH in G3 and G4. The aberrant crypt foci index (ACFi), the cell nuclear antigen index (PCNA) and the cyclooxygenase-2 index (iCOX-2) were determined. RESULTS After DMH administration, ACFi increased and was higher in subgroups euthanized at six weeks than in those sacrificed at 12 weeks (p < 0.001). HBO2 alone (G2) did not affect ACFi (p > or = 0.05). Larger increases of PCNA were detected in G2 versus G3 (p < 0.05). Comparison between G4 and control group mice revealed no differences in PCNA (p > 0.05). COX-2 was overexpressed in G3 (p < 0.0001) compared to G4. CONCLUSION COX-2 expression was "induced" by DMH and reverted to a "wild"-type level of expression upon exposure to HBO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Gois
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, The School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Raju J, Sondagar C, Roberts J, Aziz SA, Caldwell D, Vavasour E, Mehta R. Dietary acrylamide does not increase colon aberrant crypt foci formation in male F344 rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1373-80. [PMID: 21421017 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide, a known rodent and a probable human carcinogen, is spontaneously formed in foods cooked at high temperature. We studied the role of dietary acrylamide in modulating the early stages of colon carcinogenesis and assessed if dietary fat level was critical in altering the effects of acrylamide. Male F344 rats were subcutaneously injected with azoxymethane and were simultaneously randomized into 8 dietary groups (n=8 rats/group). Diets were based on AIN-93G semi-synthetic formula modified to contain either low fat (7% corn oil) or high fat (23.9% corn oil) and acrylamide at 0, 5, 10 or 50 mg/kg diet (wt/wt). All rats received the experimental diets ad libitum for 8 weeks, after which they were killed and their colons assessed for aberrant crypt foci (ACF), putative precancerous lesions. Irrespective of dietary fat level, rats with the highest tested dose of acrylamide (50 mg/kg diet) had significantly lower total ACF (p<0.05) and lower large ACF (those with 4 or more crypts/focus; p<0.001) compared with their respective controls (0 mg/kg diet). A significantly lower number of large ACF (p=0.046) was noted in rats treated with 10 mg/kg diet acrylamide exclusively in the high fat group, compared to the high fat control. This short-term bio-assay to test carcinogenicity of dietary acrylamide in the colon demonstrates that acrylamide, when administered through the diet at doses known to cause rat tumors, does not increase the risk of developing azoxymethane-induced precancerous lesions of the colon in rats. On the contrary, a high dose of dietary acrylamide decreased the growth of precancerous lesions in both low and high fat diet regimens in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Ghafar SAA, Yazan LS, Tahir PM, Ismail M. Kenaf seed supercritical fluid extract reduces aberrant crypt foci formation in azoxymethane-induced rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 64:247-51. [PMID: 20869858 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) a plant of the family Malvaceae, is a valuable fiber plant native to India and Africa. Kenaf seeds contain alpha-linolenic acid, phytosterol such as β-sitosterol, vitamin E and other antioxidants with chemopreventive properties. In the present study we examined the hypothesis that kenaf seed 'supercritical fluid extract' (SFE) extract could suppress the early colon carcinogenesis in vivo by virtue of its bioactive compounds. To accomplish this goal, 60 male rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups which were (1) negative control group [not induced with azoxymethane (AOM)]; (2) positive control group (induced with AOM but received no treatment); (3) group treated with 500 mg/kg kenaf seed SFE extract; (4) group treated with 1000 mg/kg kenaf seed SFE extract; (5) group treated with 1500 mg/kg kenaf seed SFE extract. At 7 weeks of age, all rats except the negative control group received 15 mg/kg of AOM injection subcutaneously once a week for 2 weeks. Rats were euthanized at 13 weeks of the experiment. Number of ACF (mean±SD) ranged from 84.4±4.43 to 179.5±12.78 in group 2, 3, 4, 5. ACF reductions compared with the untreated group were 45.3, 51.4 and 53.1% in rats fed with 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg body weight, respectively. There were no significant differences in weight gain among groups. Our finding indicates that kenaf seed SFE extract reduced AOM-induced ACF in Sprague-Dawley male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Aisyah Abd Ghafar
- Nutraceutical and Nutrigenomic Programme, Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Li J, Lv Y, Dong X, Jin Z. [Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma ligand, inhibits dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced aberrant crypt foci in rats]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2003; 35:537-9. [PMID: 14601316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the chemopreventive effects of pioglitazone (exogenous PPAR gamma ligand) on rat colon aberrant crypt foci, a rat carcinogenesis model induced by dimethylhydrazine (DMH), and to compare pioglitazone with sulindac (a NSAID). METHODS Thirty-two, 8-week-old, female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8 each). Group 1 rats were injected with DMH alone (120 mg.kg-1, single subcutaneous injection). Group 2 rats were injected with saline alone. Group 3 rats were pre-treated with sulindac (320 mg.kg-1) for 7 days before DMH initiation. Group 4 rats were treated with pioglitazone (100 mg.kg-1). The animals were killed at the end of the experiment (week 5) and the colons were stained with methylene blue. The aberrant crypt foci (ACF) of the colonic mucosa were assessed. RESULTS In Group 1 rats (DMH only), the average numbers of ACF/colon and AC/colon were (182 +/- 93) and (263 +/- 198), respectively. In Group 2 (saline group) rats, no ACF were found. In Group 3 (sulindac group) rats, the average numbers of ACF/colon and AC/colon were (91 +/- 49) and (140 +/- 69), respectively. Both of them were decreased significantly compared with the values in Group 1 (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). In Group 4 (pioglitazone group) rats, the average numbers of ACF/colon and AC/colon were (97 +/- 23) and (148 +/- 31), respectively. Both of them were decreased significantly compared with the values in Group 1 (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). No difference was found in the values of Group 3 and Group 4. CONCLUSION These results suggest that pioglitazone have chemopreventive effects against rat colon carcinogenesis induced by DMH, whose effect is similar to that of sulindac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Digestive Disease, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, China
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