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Saha G, Chandrasekaran N. A combined toxicological impact on Artemia salina caused by the presence of dust particles, microplastics from cosmetics, and paracetamol. Environ Pollut 2024; 348:123822. [PMID: 38522609 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution poses a significant and pressing threat to the overall well-being of aquatic ecosystems in modern society. This study showed that pollutants like dusts from AC filter, fan wings and Traffic dust PM 2.5 were exposed to Artemia salina in pristine form and in combination. The findings indicated that exposure to multi-pollutants had a detrimental effect on the hatching rates of A. salina cysts. Compared to untreated A. salina, the morphology of adult (7th day old) A. salina changed noticeably after each incubation period (24-120 h). Oxidative stress increased considerably as the exposure duration increased from 24 to 120 h compared to the control group. There was a time-dependent decline in antioxidant enzyme activity and total protein concentration. When all particles were used all together, the total protein content in A. salina decreased significantly. All particles showed a considerable decline in survival rate. Those exposed to traffic dust particles showed significantly higher levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity than those exposed to other particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guria Saha
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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2
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Fatani A, Wu X, Gbotsyo Y, MacRae TH, Song X, Tan J. ArHsp90 is important in stress tolerance and embryo development of the brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:285-299. [PMID: 38428516 PMCID: PMC10972811 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Females of the extremophile crustacean, Artemia franciscana, either release motile nauplii via the ovoviviparous pathway or encysted embryos (cysts) via the oviparous pathway. Cysts contain an abundant amount of the ATP-independent small heat shock protein that contributes to stress tolerance and embryo development, however, little is known of the role of ATP-dependent molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in the two processes. In this study, a hsp90 was cloned from A. franciscana. Characteristic domains of ArHsp90 were simulated from the deduced amino acid sequence, and 3D structures of ArHsp90 and Hsp90s of organisms from different groups were aligned. RNA interference was then employed to characterize ArHsp90 in A. franciscana nauplii and cysts. The partial knockdown of ArHsp90 slowed the development of nauplius-destined, but not cyst-destined embryos. ArHsp90 knockdown also reduced the survival and stress tolerance of nauplii newly released from A. franciscana females. Although the reduction of ArHsp90 had no effect on the development of diapause-destined embryos, the resulting cysts displayed reduced tolerance to desiccation and low temperature, two stresses normally encountered by A. franciscana in its natural environment. The results reveal that Hsp90 contributes to the development, growth, and stress tolerance of A. franciscana, an organism of practical importance as a feed source in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Fatani
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, East Jeddah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Al Sulaymaniyah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yayra Gbotsyo
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Thomas H MacRae
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Xiaojun Song
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiabo Tan
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Bett VK, Macon A, Vicoso B, Elkrewi M. Chromosome-Level Assembly of Artemia franciscana Sheds Light on Sex Chromosome Differentiation. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae006. [PMID: 38245839 PMCID: PMC10827361 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the commercialization of brine shrimp (genus Artemia) in the 1950s, this lineage, and in particular the model species Artemia franciscana, has been the subject of extensive research. However, our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying various aspects of their reproductive biology, including sex determination, is still lacking. This is partly due to the scarcity of genomic resources for Artemia species and crustaceans in general. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of A. franciscana (Kellogg 1906), from the Great Salt Lake, United States. The genome is 1 GB, and the majority of the genome (81%) is scaffolded into 21 linkage groups using a previously published high-density linkage map. We performed coverage and FST analyses using male and female genomic and transcriptomic reads to quantify the extent of differentiation between the Z and W chromosomes. Additionally, we quantified the expression levels in male and female heads and gonads and found further evidence for dosage compensation in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariana Macon
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Beatriz Vicoso
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Marwan Elkrewi
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
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Ravanbakhsh R, Agh N, Nouraein M, Bossier P. Prolonged ecological changes can affect morphometrics and gene expression profile? Focusing on Hsp-70 and NLHS-induced Hsp-70 of Artemia urmiana. Environ Res 2023; 238:117254. [PMID: 37775000 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, many aquatic ecosystems, including Urmia Lake, have undergone severe ecological tensions. This lake, the largest natural habitat of the brine shrimp Artemia urmiana, has progressively desiccated and its salinity has dramatically increased over the last three decades. In the face of the long period environmental stresses, understanding the adaptation and ecological plasticity mechanisms is the most interesting challenges in genetic and applied ecology. These mechanisms may probably be driven by inducing expression of some genes involved in adaptation such as Hsp-70 and also adjusting morphological parameters. But they are yet to be understood. Hence, the present work aimed to study the mechanisms, along with testing the hypothesis that non-lethal heat shocked nauplii originating from drought period can evoke Hsp-70 expression more than those from rainy period. METHODS This study measured and analyzed morphometrical characters of adult male and female Artemia urmiana over three decades. Then, the influence of three-decade ecological crisis on Hsp-70 and non-lethal heat shock (NLHS)-induced Hsp-70 expression levels of nauplii of Artemia urmiana habiting Urmia Lake using Real-time PCR technique, based on cyst collections in 1994 (rainy period) to 2020 (drought period), was evaluated. RESULTS The morphometrics results showed that the morphological characters were significantly shrunk in 2020 compared to 1994 (CI 95%, p < 0.05). Furthermore, our results depicted that, Hsp-70 expression level was significantly upregulated in response to the prolonged ecological crisis, (CI 95%, P < 0.0001), and also interestingly, the nauplii exposed to longe-term ecological crisis (belong to 2020) were able to increase Hsp-70 expression more than other ones in response to environmental stressors including heat. CONCLUSIONS The present results showed the involvement of Hsp-70 in the adaptation of Artemia urmiana to long term ecological alteration at the cost of shrinking morphometric parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Ravanbakhsh
- Department of Aquatic Biotechnology, Artemia and Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Naser Agh
- Department of Biology and Aquaculture, Artemia and Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Nouraein
- Department of Plant Genetics and Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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Wood CR, Wu WT, Yang YS, Yang JS, Xi Y, Yang WJ. From ecology to oncology: To understand cancer stem cell dormancy, ask a Brine shrimp (Artemia). Adv Cancer Res 2023; 158:199-231. [PMID: 36990533 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The brine shrimp (Artemia), releases embryos that can remain dormant for up to a decade. Molecular and cellular level controlling factors of dormancy in Artemia are now being recognized or applied as active controllers of dormancy (quiescence) in cancers. Most notably, the epigenetic regulation by SET domain-containing protein 4 (SETD4), is revealed as highly conserved and the primary control factor governing the maintenance of cellular dormancy from Artemia embryonic cells to cancer stem cells (CSCs). Conversely, DEK, has recently emerged as the primary factor in the control of dormancy exit/reactivation, in both cases. The latter has been now successfully applied to the reactivation of quiescent CSCs, negating their resistance to therapy and leading to their subsequent destruction in mouse models of breast cancer, without recurrence or metastasis potential. In this review, we introduce the many mechanisms of dormancy from Artemia ecology that have been translated into cancer biology, and herald Artemia's arrival on the model organism stage. We show how Artemia studies have unlocked the mechanisms of the maintenance and termination of cellular dormancy. We then discuss how the antagonistic balance of SETD4 and DEK fundamentally controls chromatin structure and consequently governs CSCs function, chemo/radiotherapy resistance, and dormancy in cancers. Many key stages from transcription factors to small RNAs, tRNA trafficking, molecular chaperones, ion channels, and links with various pathways and aspects of signaling are also noted, all of which link studies in Artemia to those of cancer on a molecular and/or cellular level. We particularly emphasize that the application of such emerging factors as SETD4 and DEK may open new and clear avenues for the treatment for various human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Wood
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wen-Tao Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao-Shun Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Shu Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongmei Xi
- The Women's Hospital, and Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Jun Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Liang JL, Cao GX, Zheng FY, Li SX, Liu FJ, Lin LX, Huang XG, Zhang ZH, Zheng JY, Huang QY. Low-toxic, fluorescent labeled and size-controlled graphene oxide quantum dots@polystyrene nanospheres as reference material for quantitative determination and in vivo tracing. Chemosphere 2022; 307:136094. [PMID: 35995200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene (PS) is selected as a representative nanoplastic and persistent pollutant for its difficult degradation and wide application. The environmental risk assessment of PS is obstructed by the toxic dye-based fluorescent PS, which false positives could be induced by the leakage of dye. For high biocompatibility, low toxicity, hydrophilicity, good water dispersibility, strong fluorescent stability, graphene oxide quantum dots (o-CQDs) are selected and embedded into PS microspheres, i.e., o-CQDs@PS, by microemulsion polymerization and denoted as CPS. Meanwhile, the sizes of CPS, e.g., 100, 150, and 200 nm, could be controlled by optimizing the type and number of water-soluble initiators. The anti-interference, low toxicity, and in vivo fluorescent tracing of CPS are proven by the coexistence of metals (including Fe2+, Fe3+, K+, Ba2+, Al3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Na+) on the fluorescence intensity of CPS, the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Artemia cysts as aquatic phytoplankton and zooplankton cultured with CPS, and the transfer of CPS from water into brine shrimp. In the concentration range of 0.1-100 mg/L, CPS can be quantitatively determined, which is suitable for coastal water and wastewater treatment plants. Therefore, CPS with standard size is suitable as reference material of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ling Liang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Gong-Xun Cao
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Feng-Ying Zheng
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environmental Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Shun-Xing Li
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environmental Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China.
| | - Feng-Jiao Liu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environmental Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Lu-Xiu Lin
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environmental Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Xu-Guang Huang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environmental Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Zi-Huan Zhang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Jing-Yin Zheng
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Qian-Yan Huang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
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Bejarano S, Diemel V, Feuring A, Ghilardi M, Harder T. No short-term effect of sinking microplastics on heterotrophy or sediment clearing in the tropical coral Stylophora pistillata. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1468. [PMID: 35087129 PMCID: PMC8795188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations of encounters between corals and microplastics have, to date, used particle concentrations that are several orders of magnitude above environmentally relevant levels. Here we investigate whether concentrations closer to values reported in tropical coral reefs affect sediment shedding and heterotrophy in reef-building corals. We show that single-pulse microplastic deposition elicits significantly more coral polyp retraction than comparable amounts of calcareous sediments. When deposited separately from sediments, microplastics remain longer on corals than sediments, through stronger adhesion and longer periods of examination by the coral polyps. Contamination of sediments with microplastics does not retard corals' sediment clearing rates. Rather, sediments speed-up microplastic shedding, possibly affecting its electrostatic behaviour. Heterotrophy rates are three times higher than microplastic ingestion rates when corals encounter microzooplankton (Artemia salina cysts) and microplastics separately. Exposed to cysts-microplastic combinations, corals feed preferentially on cysts regardless of microplastic concentration. Chronic-exposure experiments should test whether our conclusions hold true under environmental conditions typical of inshore marginal coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bejarano
- Reef Systems Research Group, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Valeska Diemel
- Reef Systems Research Group, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Marine Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Bund Für Umwelt Und Naturschutz (BUND) E.V., Am Dobben 44, 28203, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anna Feuring
- Reef Systems Research Group, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Marine Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Biological Oceanography Department, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, D-18119, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mattia Ghilardi
- Reef Systems Research Group, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Marine Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tilmann Harder
- Department of Marine Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
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Darmadi J, Batubara RR, Himawan S, Azizah NN, Audah HK, Arsianti A, Kurniawaty E, Ismail IS, Batubara I, Audah KA. Evaluation of Indonesian mangrove Xylocarpus granatum leaves ethyl acetate extract as potential anticancer drug. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6080. [PMID: 33727582 PMCID: PMC7971038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Local Xylocarpus granatum leaves were extracted by ethyl acetate solvent and characterized by TLC fingerprinting and 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy to contain phenolic compounds as well as several organic and amino acids as metabolic byproducts, such as succinic acid and acetic acid. Traces of flavonoids and other non-categorized phenolic compounds exhibited intermediate antioxidant activity (antioxidant IC50 84.93 ppm) as well as anticancer activity against HeLa, T47D, and HT-29 cell lines; which the latter being most effective against HT-29 with Fraction 5 contained the strongest activity (anticancer IC50 23.12 ppm). Extracts also behaved as a natural growth factor and nonlethal towards brine shrimps as well as human adipose-derived stem cell hADSC due to antioxidative properties. A stability test was performed to examine how storage conditions factored in bioactivity and phytochemical structure. Extracts were compared with several studies about X. granatum leaves extracts to evaluate how ethnogeography and ecosystem factored on biologically active compounds. Further research on anticancer or antioxidant mechanism on cancer cells is needed to determine whether the extract is suitable as a candidate for an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Darmadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Swiss German University, 15143, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | | | - Sandiego Himawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Swiss German University, 15143, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Norma Nur Azizah
- Drug Development Research Center, IMERI, University of Indonesia, 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Ade Arsianti
- Drug Development Research Center, IMERI, University of Indonesia, 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Indonesia, 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Evi Kurniawaty
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lampung, 35145, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | | | - Irmanida Batubara
- Biopharmaca Tropica Research Center, IPB University, 16680, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, IPB University, 16680, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Kholis Abdurachim Audah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Swiss German University, 15143, Tangerang, Indonesia.
- Directorate of Academic Research and Community Service, Swiss German University, 15143, Tangerang, Indonesia.
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Tuan LC, Thanh LTH, Duc Huy N, Thuy Trang DT, Nhat Le BN, Nhat Linh NL, Khanh NV, Nu Bao Tien HT, Hoang Loc N. Antagonistic Activity Against Pathogenic Vibrio Isolates of Bioflocculant-Producing Bacteria Isolated from Shrimp Ponds. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:1322-1332. [PMID: 34989209 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.1322.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objectives:</b> Biofloc culture system has been used in aquaculture as an effective technology for water treatment due to many advantages of being biodegradable and environmentally friendly. This study aims to isolate bioflocculant-producing bacteria antagonistic to pathogenic <i>Vibrio</i> species from Pacific white shrimp ponds in Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> <i>Vibrio</i> isolates were isolated by screening on medium with and without antibiotics. The resistance of <i>Vibrio</i> to antimicrobial agents was assessed by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Bioflocs formed in shrimp cultures were used to screen bioflocculant-producing bacteria. The identification of bacteria was performed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The flocculating activity was measured by a test with kaolin clay suspension. To evaluate the antagonistic activity against <i>Vibrio</i> isolates, an agar well diffusion assay was used. <b>Results:</b> The screening results have found that <i>Vibrio</i> isolates such as <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> KS02 and <i>V. alginolyticus</i> KS08 from shrimp ponds can be resistant to many antibiotics with the highest resistance rate up to 66.49%. Four bioflocculant-producing isolates were obtained and identified as <i>Bacillus</i> species. Among them, <i>Bacillus velezensis </i>B9 when grown in YPG medium supplemented with 3% sucrose and 0.7% peptone had the highest bioflocculation with an activity of 49.2%. Two isolates of <i>B. subtilis</i> B2 and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. B6 had quite strong antagonistic activities against vibriosis shown in the zones of inhibition on the assay plates with diameters of about 20 mm. <b>Conclusion:</b> The present study has found some <i>Bacillus</i> isolates had bioflocculant-producing efficiency and inhibited pathogenic <i>Vibrio</i> bacteria. These <i>Bacillus</i> isolates will potentially be used as inoculum for bioflocculation to improve shrimp production.
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Tang S, Liang XF, He S, Alam MS, Luo H, Kuang Y. Activin A affects feeding by promoting the inner diameter and muscle development of the pharynx and oesophagus in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. J Fish Biol 2020; 97:1624-1631. [PMID: 32785965 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Activin A belongs to the superfamily of transforming growth factor-β and plays an important role in hormone regulation and tissue development. However, few research studies have been conducted on the effect of activin A on feeding organs in fish. In this study, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae were treated with 1 ng ml-1 activin A for 8 days continuously. The haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining section results revealed that the transverse inner diameter of the pharynx and oesophagus significantly increased on the third and eighth days after treatment compared with the control group (P < 0.05). On the eighth day, the cross-sectional area of the pharyngeal muscle increased by 8638 μm2 compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The RNA in situ hybridization results also showed that the expression of skeletal muscle-specific genes (myog and myod) was significantly increased in pharyngeal muscle on the eighth day. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR results showed the expression of gh gene was significantly increased on the eighth day (P < 0.05). At the same time, more larvae in activin A group were able to feed larger brine shrimp (Artemia) than in the control group on the eighth day. In conclusion, activin A could affect feeding by promoting the inner diameter and muscle development of the pharynx and oesophagus in zebrafish larvae. This study is the first to report that the development of the pharynx and oesophagus can directly affect food intake in fish larvae, which provides a theoretical basis for the study of food intake of fish at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Tang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Innovation Base for Chinese Perch Breeding, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Innovation Base for Chinese Perch Breeding, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan He
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Innovation Base for Chinese Perch Breeding, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Shoaib Alam
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Innovation Base for Chinese Perch Breeding, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Haocan Luo
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Innovation Base for Chinese Perch Breeding, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulan Kuang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Innovation Base for Chinese Perch Breeding, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
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Takalloo Z, Ardakani ZA, Maroufi B, Shahangian SS, Sajedi RH. Stress-dependent conformational changes of artemin: Effects of heat and oxidant. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242206. [PMID: 33196673 PMCID: PMC7668597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemin is an abundant thermostable protein in Artemia embryos and it is considered as a highly efficient molecular chaperone against extreme environmental stress conditions. The conformational dynamics of artemin have been suggested to play a critical role in its biological functions. In this study, we have investigated the conformational and functional changes of artemin under heat and oxidative stresses to identify the relationship between its structure and function. The tertiary and quaternary structures of artemin were evaluated by fluorescence measurements, protein cross-linking analysis, and dynamic light scattering. Based on the structural analysis, artemin showed irreversible substantial conformational lability in responses to heat and oxidant, which was mainly mediated through the hydrophobic interactions and dimerization of the chaperone. In addition, the chaperone-like activity of heated and oxidized artemin was examined using lysozyme refolding assay and the results showed that although both factors, i.e. heat and oxidant, at specific levels improved artemin potency, simultaneous incubation with both stressors significantly triggered the chaperone activation. Moreover, the heat-induced dimerization of artemin was found to be the most critical factor for its activation. It was suggested that oxidation presumably acts through stabilizing the dimer structures of artemin through formation of disulfide bridges between the subunits and strengthens its chaperoning efficacy. Accordingly, it is proposed that artemin probably exists in a monomer–oligomer equilibrium in Artemia cysts and environmental stresses and intracellular portion of protein substrates may shift the equilibrium towards the active dimer forms of the chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Takalloo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Afshar Ardakani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Reza H. Sajedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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12
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Iryani MTM, Sorgeloos P, Danish-Daniel M, Tan MP, Wong LL, Mok WJ, Satyantini WH, Mahasri G, Sung YY. Cyst viability and stress tolerance upon heat shock protein 70 knockdown in the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:1099-1103. [PMID: 32383141 PMCID: PMC7591639 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Females of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana produce either free-swimming nauplii via ovoviviparous pathway of reproduction or encysted embryos, known as cysts, via oviparous pathway, in which biological processes are arrested. While previous study has shown a crucial role of ATP-dependent molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in protecting A. franciscana nauplii against various abiotic and abiotic stressors, the function of this protein in diapausing embryos and cyst development, however, remains unknown. RNA interference (RNAi) was applied in this study to examine the role of Hsp70 in cyst development and stress tolerance, with the latter performed by desiccation and freezing, a common method used for diapause termination in Artemia cysts. Hsp70 knockdown was apparent in cysts released from females that were injected with Hsp70 dsRNA. The loss of Hsp70 affected neither the development nor morphology of the cysts. The time between fertilization and cyst release from Artemia females injected with Hsp70 dsRNA was delayed slightly, but the differences were not significant when compared to the controls. However, the hatching percentage of cysts which lacks Hsp70 were reduced following desiccation and freezing. Taken together, these results indicated that Hsp70 possibly plays a role in the stress tolerance but not in the development of diapause-destined embryos of Artemia. This research makes fundamental contributions to our understanding of the role molecular chaperone Hsp70 plays in Artemia, an excellent model organism for diapause studies of the crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mat Taib Mimi Iryani
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Patrick Sorgeloos
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Muhd Danish-Daniel
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Min Pau Tan
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Li Lian Wong
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Wen Jye Mok
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Woro Hastuti Satyantini
- Department of Fish Health Management and Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Gunanti Mahasri
- Department of Fish Health Management and Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia.
- Department of Fish Health Management and Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
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13
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McCallum JL, Vacon JND, Kirby CW. Ultra-Micro-Scale-Fractionation (UMSF) as a Powerful Tool for Bioactive Molecules Discovery. Molecules 2020; 25:E3677. [PMID: 32806767 PMCID: PMC7464926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein is detailed the development and validation of an ultra-micro-scale-fractionation (UMSF) technique for the discovery of plant-based, bioactive molecules, coupling the advantages of ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) separations with microtiter plate-based bioassay screens. This novel one-step approach simultaneously uses UPLC to collect chemical profile information, while performing high-resolution fractionation, greatly improving workflow compared to methods relying on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), solid phase extraction or flash systems for chromatographic separations. Using the UMSF technique, researchers are able to utilize smaller quantities of starting materials, reduce solvent consumption during fractionation, reduce laborious solvent dry down times, replace costly single-use solid-phase-extraction cartridges with reusable analytical-sale UPLC columns, reduce fractionation times to less than 10 min, while simultaneously generating chemical profile data of active fractions and enjoying superior chromatographic resolution. Using this technique, individual bioactive components can be readily purified, identified, and bioassayed in one step from crude extracts, thereby eliminating ambiguous synergistic effects often reported in plant-based natural products research. A successful case-study is presented illustrating the versatility of this technique in identifying lupulone as the principal cytotoxic component from hops (Humulus lupulus L.), using a brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) model. These results confirm and expand upon previous cell-based bioassay studies using a more complex, multicellular organism, and add to our understanding of structure-function activity relationships for secondary metabolites in hops and the Cannabaceae plant family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L. McCallum
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4N6, Canada; (J.N.D.V.); (C.W.K.)
| | - Jennifer N. D. Vacon
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4N6, Canada; (J.N.D.V.); (C.W.K.)
- University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Kirby
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4N6, Canada; (J.N.D.V.); (C.W.K.)
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14
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Ates M, Danabas D, Ertit Tastan B, Unal I, Cicek Cimen IC, Aksu O, Kutlu B, Arslan Z. Assessment of Oxidative Stress on Artemia salina and Daphnia magna After Exposure to Zn and ZnO Nanoparticles. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 104:206-214. [PMID: 31748865 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of zinc nanoparticles (Zn NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on Artemia salina and Daphnia magna, the primary consumer organisms were investigated. In this sense, investigation of trophic transfer and ecological sustainability potentials among living things, such as fish and crustaceans that are at the top of the food chain were also aimed. Zn NPs in the size of 40-60 nm and 80-100 nm and ZnO NPs (10-30 nm) were administered to A. salina and D. manga (respectively in total 105000 and 14000 individuals) in seven groups (Control, 0.2, 1, 5, 10, 25 ve 50 ppm) with three repetitions for a period of 72 h. Intensive and possible misuse of nanoscale materials is one of the biggest threats to the environment and all living things worldwide. Therefore, the control mechanisms for the use of NPs need to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ates
- Graduate Institute of Education, Department of Biotechnology, Munzur University, TR62000, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Durali Danabas
- Fisheries Faculty, Munzur University, TR62000, Tunceli, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Ertit Tastan
- Vocational School of Health Services, Gazi University, TR06830, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilkay Unal
- Faculty of Fine Arts, Munzur University, TR62000, Tunceli, Turkey
| | | | - Onder Aksu
- Fisheries Faculty, Munzur University, TR62000, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Banu Kutlu
- Fisheries Faculty, Munzur University, TR62000, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Zikri Arslan
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
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15
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Sendra M, Sparaventi E, Blasco J, Moreno-Garrido I, Araujo CVM. Ingestion and bioaccumulation of polystyrene nanoplastics and their effects on the microalgal feeding of Artemia franciscana. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 188:109853. [PMID: 31704318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) have become one of the most serious environmental problems nowadays. The environmental issues linked to NPs are attributed to the effects after ingestion in marine organisms. Due to the incipient and controversial information about the effects of PS NPs on the feeding of organisms, the aim of this work is to assess (i) digestion dynamics of Artemia franciscana when exposed to PS NPs as the lowest concentration of PS NPs reported in toxicity test [0 (control), 0.006 and 0.6 mg·L-1] and possible interferences in the ingestion of microalgae and (ii) the accumulation and depuration of PS NPs by A. franciscana. Artemia were subjected to ingestion experiments [24 h and 3.5 h], in which the organisms were exposed to PS NPs or to PS NPs + microalgae. Post-exposure feeding (24 h exposure and 2 h feeding) and depuration (24 h exposure and 24 h of depuration) were also carried out. More than 90% of the PS NPs were ingested by Artemia and bioaccumulated in the mandible, stomach, gut, tail gut and appendages after 24 h. The ingestion of microalgae was not affected by the presence of the PS NPs. Data of post-exposure feeding indicated that Artemia previously exposed to plastic and/or microalgae presented similar microalgal ingestion (around 70%); the highest microalgal consumption (around 90%) was recorded in the treatment in which Artemia were previously starved (no plastic and no microalgae). The presence of PS NPs in the gut after the depuration experiments indicates that 24 h was not enough to eliminate the PS NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sendra
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN), National Research Council (CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Erica Sparaventi
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN), National Research Council (CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Julián Blasco
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN), National Research Council (CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Garrido
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN), National Research Council (CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cristiano V M Araujo
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN), National Research Council (CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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16
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Wang Y, Mao Z, Zhang M, Ding G, Sun J, Du M, Liu Q, Cong Y, Jin F, Zhang W, Wang J. The uptake and elimination of polystyrene microplastics by the brine shrimp, Artemia parthenogenetica, and its impact on its feeding behavior and intestinal histology. Chemosphere 2019; 234:123-131. [PMID: 31207418 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are a ubiquitous contaminant of marine ecosystems that have received considerable global attention. The effects of microplastic ingestion on some marine biota have been evaluated, but the uptake, elimination, and histopathological impacts of microplastics remain under-investigated especially for zooplankton larvae. Here, we show that 10 μm polystyrene microspheres can be ingested and egested by Artemia parthenogenetica larvae, which impact their health. The results indicate that A. parthenogenetica larvae have a varying capacity to consume 10 μm polystyrene microspheres that is dependent on microplastic exposure concentrations, exposure times, and the availability of food. The lowest level of microplastics that was ingested by A. parthenogenetica was 0.15 particles/individual when exposed to 10 particles/mL and 0.05 particles/individual when exposed to 1 particle/mL over 24 h and 14 d, respectively. A. parthenogenetica larvae were able to egest feces with microplastics within 3 h of ingestion. However, ingested microplastics persisted in individuals for up to 14 days. Furthermore, microalgal feeding was significantly reduced by 27.2% in the presence of 102 particles/mL microplastics over 24 h. Histological analyses indicated that a greater abundance of lipid droplets was present among epithelia after 24 h of exposure at a concentration of 10 particles/mL. Moreover, intestinal epithelia were deformed and disorderedly arranged after 14 d of exposure. Overall, these results indicate that marine microplastic pollution could pose a threat to A. parthenogenetica health, especially that of larvae. Consequently, further research is required to evaluate the potential physiological and histopathological effects of microplastics for other marine invertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Marine debris and Microplastics Research Center, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zheng Mao
- Marine debris and Microplastics Research Center, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Mingxing Zhang
- Marine debris and Microplastics Research Center, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Guanghui Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Jingxian Sun
- Dalian Ocean University, School of Aquaculture and Life, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Meijia Du
- Marine debris and Microplastics Research Center, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Quanbin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, China; Marine debris and Microplastics Research Center, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yi Cong
- Marine debris and Microplastics Research Center, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Marine debris and Microplastics Research Center, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Marine debris and Microplastics Research Center, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Juying Wang
- Marine debris and Microplastics Research Center, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China.
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17
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Peixoto D, Amorim J, Pinheiro C, Oliva-Teles L, Varó I, de Medeiros Rocha R, Vieira MN. Uptake and effects of different concentrations of spherical polymer microparticles on Artemia franciscana. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 176:211-218. [PMID: 30933895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Artemia cysts have a huge economic importance for the aquaculture sector due to the fact that they are used as live feed for larviculture. Microplastics (MPs) are common and emergent pollutants in the aquatic environments, with unknown and potential long-term effects on planktonic species such as Artemia spp. When used as live feed, Artemia could transfer contaminants to fish along the food chain, with possible adverse effects on human health through their consumption. This study aims to assess the uptake of different concentrations of spherical polymer microparticles (FRM) (1-5 μm diameter) and their associated chronic effects on feeding, growth, mortality, and reproductive success from juvenile to adult stage of brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. Individuals were exposed for 44 days to 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg.L-1 of FRM. No significant detrimental effects on growth, ingestion and mortality rates of A. franciscana were observed in all tested conditions. However, reproductive success was strongly affected by the increase of MP concentrations. The results of the present study showed that A. franciscana juveniles and adults were able to survive different experimental MP concentrations, but their reproductive success and progeny were significantly impacted by exposure to FRM particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Peixoto
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - João Amorim
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Pinheiro
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Luís Oliva-Teles
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4 2.47, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inmaculada Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, 12595, Spain.
| | - Renato de Medeiros Rocha
- Department of Geography, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Campus de Caicó, Rua Joaquim Gregório, s/n, Penedo, CEP 59300-000, Caicó, RN, Brazil.
| | - Maria Natividade Vieira
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4 2.47, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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18
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Romanó de Orte M, Clowez S, Caldeira K. Response of bleached and symbiotic sea anemones to plastic microfiber exposure. Environ Pollut 2019; 249:512-517. [PMID: 30928523 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are emerging contaminants in the marine environment. They enter the ocean in a variety of sizes and shapes, with plastic microfiber being the prevalent form in seawater and in the guts of biota. Most of the laboratory experiments on microplastics has been performed with spheres, so knowledge on the interactions of microfibers and marine organisms is limited. In this study we examined the ingestion of microfibers by the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida using three different types of polymers: nylon, polyester and polypropylene. The polymers were offered to both symbiotic (with algal symbionts) and bleached (without algal symbionts) anemones. The polymers were introduced either alone or mixed with brine shrimp homogenate. We observed a higher percentage of nylon ingestion compared to the other polymers when plastic was offered in the absence of shrimp. In contrast, we observed over 80% of the anemones taking up all types of polymers when the plastics were offered in the presence of shrimp. Retention time differed significantly between symbiotic and bleached anemones with faster egestion in symbiotic anemones. Our results suggest that ingestion of microfibers by sea anemones is dependent both on the type of polymers and on the presence of chemical cues of prey in seawater. The decreased ability of bleached anemones to reject plastic microfiber indicates that the susceptibility of anthozoans to plastic pollution is exacerbated by previous exposure to other stressors. This is particularly concerning given that coral reef ecosystems are facing increases in the frequency and intensity of bleaching events due to ocean warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoela Romanó de Orte
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Sophie Clowez
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ken Caldeira
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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19
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Nemati T, Sarkheil M, Johari SA. Trophic transfer of CuO nanoparticles from brine shrimp (Artemia salina) nauplii to convict cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) larvae: uptake, accumulation and elimination. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:9610-9618. [PMID: 30729432 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the trophic transfer potential of CuO-NPs from Artemia salina to Amatitlania nigrofasciata. The Cu uptake was investigated by exposure of the instar II nauplii to 0, 1, 10, and 100 mg/L CuO-NPs for 4 h. Dietborne exposure of fish larvae to CuO-NPs was done for 21 days through feeding with pre-exposed nauplii. Thereafter, all survived fish were fed for 21 more days with non-contaminated nauplii. The results showed that NPs could be taken up by nauplii in a concentration-dependent manner. The highest uptake of Cu by nauplii was found to be 50.5 ± 1.4 mg/g dry weight at 100 mg/L. The copper accumulation in fish larvae increased significantly with increasing Cu content in pre-exposed nauplii to different concentrations of CuO-NPs (p < 0.05). At the end of the depuration phase, although the Cu elimination was significantly higher in fish that were fed with more contaminated nauplii, but the survival rate, average final weight, and length of those larvae was still significantly less than the control group (p < 0.05). The accumulated Cu after the depuration phase in cichlid larvae was 25.4 ± 0.5, 29 ± 8.0, 33.9 ± 9.7, and 42.3 ± 4.0 μg/g dry weight at 0, 1, 10, and 100 mg/L of CuO-NPs-treated Artemia. The current findings indicated the ability of manufactured CuO-NPs to be transferred from one trophic level to the next as assessed in the simple food chain consisting of pre-exposed A. salina and A. nigrofasciata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Nemati
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Sarkheil
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O.B. 91773-1363, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Johari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
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20
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Tan J, MacRae TH. The synthesis of diapause-specific molecular chaperones in embryos of Artemia franciscana is determined by the quantity and location of heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1). Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:385-392. [PMID: 30701477 PMCID: PMC6439115 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-00971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The crustacean, Artemia franciscana, displays a complex life history in which embryos either arrest development and undertake diapause as cysts or they develop into swimming nauplii. Diapause entry is preceded during embryogenesis by the synthesis of specific molecular chaperones, namely the small heat shock proteins p26, ArHsp21, and ArHsp22, and the ferritin homolog, artemin. Maximal synthesis of diapause-specific molecular chaperones is dependent on the transcription factor, heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1), found in similar amounts in cysts and nauplii newly released from females. This investigation was performed to determine why, if cysts and nauplii contain comparable amounts of Hsf1, only cyst-destined embryos synthesize diapause-specific molecular chaperones. Quantification by qPCR and immunoprobing of Western blots, respectively, demonstrated that hsf1 mRNA and Hsf1 peaked by day 2 post-fertilization in embryos that were developing into cysts and then declined. hsf1 mRNA and Hsf1 were present in nauplii-destined embryos on day 2 post-fertilization, but in much smaller amounts than in cyst-destined embryos, and they increased in quantity until release of nauplii from females. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that the amount of Hsf1 in nuclei was greatest on day 4 post-fertilization in cyst-destined embryos but could not be detected in nuclei of nauplius-destined embryos at this time. The differences in quantity and location of Hsf1 explain why embryos fated to become cysts and eventually enter diapause synthesize p26, ArHsp21, ArHsp22, and artemin, whereas nauplius-destined embryos do not produce these molecular chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabo Tan
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Thomas H MacRae
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Wang Y, Zhang D, Zhang M, Mu J, Ding G, Mao Z, Cao Y, Jin F, Cong Y, Wang L, Zhang W, Wang J. Effects of ingested polystyrene microplastics on brine shrimp, Artemia parthenogenetica. Environ Pollut 2019; 244:715-722. [PMID: 30384077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are a contaminant of emerging concern which enter the marine environment from a variety of sources. The ingestion and toxic effects of microplastics on marine life, especially for filter feeders, are a cause of concern in view of their ubiquitous nature and their similar size as food sources. To assess the toxic effects of microspheres ingested by brine shrimp larvae, we exposed Artemia parthenogenetica to 10 μm polystyrene microspheres at different concentrations. These concentrations were approximate to the extrapolated marine aquatic environmentally relevant concentrations. The lowest polystyrene concentrations at which ingestion was visualized in A. parthenogenetica were 12 ± 0.57 particles/mL (6.7 ± 0.32 μg/L) and 1.1 ± 0.16 particles/mL (0.61 ± 0.088 μg/L), respectively. There were no significant impacts on the survival, growth or development in A. parthenogenetica occurring over the 14-d exposure across a range of polystyrene nominal concentrations (1-1000 particles/mL or 0.55-550 μg/L). However, abnormal ultrastructures of intestinal epithelial cells were observed upon exposure to polystyrene microspheres, including fewer and disordered microvilli, an increased number of mitochondrion and the appearance of autophagosome. These phenomena could affect nutrition absorption and energy metabolism. Although no major acute or chronic toxicity effects on A. parthenogenetica were observed over 24-h or 14-d exposures, this study provides evidence that the ingestion of polystyrene microplastics at extrapolated environmentally relevant concentrations can be visualized through a microscope to be causing a series of responses in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Mingxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jingli Mu
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Guanghui Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Zheng Mao
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Yifei Cao
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yi Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Juying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Mishra P, Vinayagam S, Duraisamy K, Patil SR, Godbole J, Mohan A, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N. Distinctive impact of polystyrene nano-spherules as an emergent pollutant toward the environment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:1537-1547. [PMID: 30430449 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasing load of nanoplastic pollution in the environment has become a major concern toward human and environmental safety. The current investigation mainly focused on assessing the toxic behavior of nanoplastics (polystyrene nano-spheres (PNS)) toward blood cells and marine crustacean. The study also investigated the temporal stability of PNS under different water matrices and its size-dependent sedimentation behavior in the sea water dispersion. The nano-dispersion showed mean particle size of 561.4 ± 0.80 and 613.7 ± 0.11 nm for PNS 1 and 781.4 ± 0.80 and 913.7 ± 0.11 nm for PNS 2 in lake and seawater, respectively after 48-h incubation, which is ~ 8-fold increase from its original size. The LC50 value against Artemia salina and lymphocytes were found to be 4.82 and 8.79 μg/mL, and 75 μg/mL, respectively for PNS 1 and PNS 2. The genotoxic study reveals that around 50% of lymphocytes were affected by both PNS at 50 μg/mL concentration, whereas the cytotoxic studies on RBC and lymphocytes showed 50% toxicity only at 100 μg/mL concentration. The genotoxic study displayed numerous tri- and multi-nucleated cells. The biochemical profile of A. salina exposed to lethal concentration demonstrated a significant decrease in the total protein, reduced glutathione, and catalase activity and increase in lipid peroxidation activity as a result of PNS permeation to tissues. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the polystyrene nano-spheres are emerging pollutant in the environment and are hazardous to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Mishra
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Saranya Vinayagam
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Kuppendran Duraisamy
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | | | - Jueelee Godbole
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Alina Mohan
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
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Rowarth NM, MacRae TH. Post-diapause synthesis of ArHsp40-2, a type 2 J-domain protein from Artemia franciscana, is developmentally regulated and induced by stress. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201477. [PMID: 30048537 PMCID: PMC6062144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-diapause cysts of Artemia franciscana undergo a well-defined developmental process whereby internal differentiation leads to rupture of the cyst shell, release of membrane-enclosed nauplii and hatching to yield swimming larvae. The post-diapause development of A. franciscana has been examined at biochemical and molecular levels, yet little is known about molecular chaperone function during this process. In addressing this we recently described ArHsp40, a type 1 J-domain protein in post-diapause A. franciscana cysts and larvae. The current report describes ArHsp40-2, a second J-domain protein from A. franciscana. ArHsp40-2 is a type 2 J-domain protein, lacking a zinc binding domain but containing other domains characteristic of these proteins. Notably, ArHsp40-2 possesses a double barrel β-domain structure in its substrate binding region, as does ArHsp40. qPCR revealed a relatively low amount of ArHsp40-2 mRNA in 0 h cysts which increased significantly until the E1 stage, most likely as a result of enhanced transcription, after which it declined. An antibody specific to ArHsp40-2 was produced and used to show that like its mRNA, ArHsp40-2 accumulated until the E1 stage and then decreased to amounts lower than those in 0 h cysts. The synthesis of ArHsp40-2 was induced by heat shock indicating that ArHsp40-2 is involved in stress resistance in cysts and nauplii. Accumulation in cysts during early post-diapause development followed by its sharp decline suggests a role in protein disaggregation/refolding, a function of Hsp40s from other organisms, where ArHsp40-2 assists in the rescue of proteins sequestered during diapause by p26, an abundant small heat shock protein (sHsp) in A. franciscana cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas H. MacRae
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Tan J, MacRae TH. Stress tolerance in diapausing embryos of Artemia franciscana is dependent on heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200153. [PMID: 29979776 PMCID: PMC6034868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryos of the crustacean, Artemia franciscana, may undergo oviparous development, forming encysted embryos (cysts) that are released from females and enter diapause, a state of suppressed metabolism and greatly enhanced stress tolerance. Diapause-destined embryos of A. franciscana synthesize three small heat shock proteins (sHsps), p26, ArHsp21 and ArHsp22, as well as artemin, a ferritin homologue, all lacking in embryos that develop directly into nauplii. Of these diapause-specific molecular chaperones, p26 and artemin are important contributors to the extraordinary stress tolerance of A. franciscana cysts, but how their synthesis is regulated is unknown. To address this issue, a cDNA for heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1), shown to encode a protein similar to Hsf1 from other organisms, was cloned from A. franciscana. Hsf1 was knocked down by RNA interference (RNAi) in nauplii and cysts of A. franciscana. Nauplii lacking Hsf1 died prematurely upon release from females, showing that this transcription factor is essential to the survival of nauplii. Diapause cysts with diminished amounts of Hsf1 were significantly less stress tolerant than cysts containing normal levels of Hsf1. Moreover, cysts deficient in Hsf1 possessed reduced amounts of p26, ArHsp21, ArHsp22 and artemin, revealing dependence on Hsf1 for expression of their genes and maximum stress tolerance. The results demonstrate an important role for Hsf1, likely in concert with other transcription factors, in the survival and growth of A. franciscana and in the developmentally regulated synthesis of proteins responsible for the stress tolerance of diapausing A. franciscana cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabo Tan
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N. S., Canada
| | - Thomas H. MacRae
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N. S., Canada
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25
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Yang F, Zeng L, Luo Z, Wang Z, Huang F, Wang Q, Drobne D, Yan C. Complex role of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the trophic transfer of arsenic from Nannochloropsis maritima to Artemia salina nauplii. Aquat Toxicol 2018; 198:231-239. [PMID: 29558708 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing concern has been focused on the potential risks associated with the trophic transfer to aquatic organisms of ambient contaminants in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2). This study investigated the influence of nano-TiO2 on the trophic transfer of arsenic (As) from the microalgae Nannochloropsis maritima to the brine shrimp Artemia salina nauplii. We found that nano-TiO2 could significantly facilitate As sorption on N. maritima within an exposure period of 24 h, and this sorption subsequently led to higher As trophic transfer from the algae to A. salina according to trophic transfer factors (TTFAs+nano-TiO2 > TTFAs). However, after 48 h of depuration, the retention of As in A. salina fed As-nano-TiO2-contaminated algae was even lower than that in A. salina fed As-contaminated algae at the same exposure concentrations. This result indicates that the increased food chain transfer of As in the presence of nano-TiO2 can be explained by adsorption of As onto nano-TiO2 in contaminated food (algae), but the bioavailability of As in A. salina is reduced after the introduction of nanoparticles. Although the stress enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in A. salina at a lower As concentration treatment in the presence of nano-TiO2 were not significantly changed, they increased with higher exposure concentrations of As with or without nano-TiO2. Our study highlighted the complex role of nanomaterials in the transfer of ambient contaminants via trophic chains and the potential of nano-TiO2 to reduce the bioavailability of As via trophic transfer to saltwater zooplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liqing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuanxi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zaosheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Fuyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qiuquan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Changzhou Yan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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26
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Gambardella C, Nichino D, Iacometti C, Ferrando S, Falugi C, Faimali M. Long term exposure to low dose neurotoxic pesticides affects hatching, viability and cholinesterase activity of Artemia sp. Aquat Toxicol 2018; 196:79-89. [PMID: 29358113 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The brine shrimp Artemia was used as a model organism to test toxicity of several neuroactive pesticides (chlorpyrifos (CLP), chlorpyrifos oxon (CLP ox), diazinon (DZN), carbaryl (CBR)) following exposure to far below than lethal doses. Cysts were exposed to the pesticides in order to test a scenario similar to actual coastal environment contamination, by analyzing different responses. Cysts were rehydrated in water containing the pesticides at concentrations ranging from 10-11 to 10-5 M, for 72, 96 and 192 h, respectively. For these exposure times, morpho-functional and biochemical parameters, such as hatching speed and viability were investigated in the larvae together with cholinesterase (ChE) activity quantification and histochemical localization. Finally, ChE inhibition was also compared with conventional selective ChE inhibitors. Results showed that CLP ox and CBR caused a significant dose-dependent decrease in hatching speed, followed by high percentages of larval death, while CLP and DZN were responsible for irregular hatching patterns. In addition, the pesticides mostly caused larval death some days post-hatching, whereas this effect was negligible for the specific ChE inhibitors, suggesting that part of pesticide toxicity may be due to molecules other than the primary target. ChE activity was observed in the protocerebrum lobes, linked to the development of pair eyes. Such activity was inhibited in larvae exposed to all pesticides. When compared to conventional selective inhibitors of ChE activities, this inhibition demonstrated that the selected pesticides mainly affect acetylcholinesterase and, to a lesser extent, pseudocholinesterases. In conclusion, the brine shrimp is a good model to test the environmental toxicity of long term exposure to cholinergic pesticides, since changes in hatching speed, viability and ChE activity were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Nichino
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Italy
| | | | - Sara Ferrando
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Italy
| | - Carla Falugi
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Italy
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27
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Sarkheil M, Johari SA, An HJ, Asghari S, Park HS, Sohn EK, Yu IJ. Acute toxicity, uptake, and elimination of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using saltwater microcrustacean, Artemia franciscana. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 57:181-188. [PMID: 29278808 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the potential toxic effects of ZnO nanoparticles on Artemia franciscana nauplii. The ZnO NPs suspension was characterized by TEM, EDS and DLS techniques. Acute toxicity was investigated by exposure of nauplii to concentrations of 1, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mg/L of ZnO NPs for 48 h and 96 h. The 96-h EC10 and EC50 values of ZnO NPs were found to be 1.39 mg/L and 4.86 mg/L respectively. The ZnO NPs suspensions did not cause any significant acute toxicity after 48 h of exposure, but the immobilization rate increase significantly compare to control group after 96 h (P < 0.05). The results showed that the uptake, accumulation, and elimination of NPs in nauplii depends on the concentration of NPs and time. The elimination rates of 46.66% and 83.85% were recorded at 1 and 10 mg/L of NPs after 24 h of depuration period, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Sarkheil
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Johari
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, ZIP Code: 66177-15175, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Hyo Jin An
- Department of Nano Bio Technology, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Saba Asghari
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, ZIP Code: 66177-15175, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hye Seon Park
- Department of Nano Bio Technology, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Sohn
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Yu
- HCTm CO., LTD., Icheon, Republic of Korea
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28
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Bhuvaneshwari M, Thiagarajan V, Nemade P, Chandrasekaran N, Mukherjee A. Toxicity and trophic transfer of P25 TiO 2 NPs from Dunaliella salina to Artemia salina: Effect of dietary and waterborne exposure. Environ Res 2018; 160:39-46. [PMID: 28961468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent increase in nanoparticle (P25 TiO2 NPs) usage has led to concerns regarding their potential implications on environment and human health. The food chain is the central pathway for nanoparticle transfer from lower to high trophic level organisms. The current study relies on the investigation of toxicity and trophic transfer potential of TiO2 NPs from marine algae Dunaliella salina to marine crustacean Artemia salina. Toxicity was measured in two different modes of exposure such as waterborne (exposure of TiO2 NPs to Artemia) and dietary exposure (NP-accumulated algal cells are used to feed the Artemia). The toxicity and accumulation of TiO2 NPs in marine algae D. salina were also studied. Artemia was found to be more sensitive to TiO2 NPs (48h LC50 of 4.21mgL-1) as compared to marine algae, D. salina (48h LC50 of 11.35mgL-1). The toxicity, uptake, and accumulation of TiO2 NPs were observed to be more in waterborne exposure as compared to dietary exposure. Waterborne exposure seemed to cause higher ROS production and antioxidant enzyme (SOD and CAT) activity as compared to dietary exposure of TiO2 NPs in Artemia. There were no observed biomagnification (BMF) and trophic transfer from algae to Artemia through dietary exposure. Histopathological studies confirmed the morphological and internal damages in Artemia. This study reiterates the possible effects of the different modes of exposure on trophic transfer potential of TiO2 NPs and eventually the consequences on aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhuvaneshwari
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | | | - Prateek Nemade
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - N Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India.
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29
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Sugantharaj David EMD, Madurantakam Royam M, Rajamani Sekar SK, Manivannan B, Jalaja Soman S, Mukherjee A, Natarajan C. Toxicity, uptake, and accumulation of nano and bulk cerium oxide particles in Artemia salina. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:24187-24200. [PMID: 28887611 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the toxicological impact of metal oxide nanoparticles has been studied for the last few decades on aquatic organisms, the exact mechanism of action is still unclear. The fate, behavior, and biological activity of nanoparticles are dependent on physicochemical factors like size, shape, surface area, and stability in the medium. This study deals with the effect of nano and bulk CeO2 particles on marine microcrustacean, Artemia salina. The primary size was found to be 15 ± 3.5 and 582 ± 50 nm for nano and bulk CeO2 (TEM), respectively. The colloidal stability and sedimentation assays showed rapid aggregation of bulk particles in seawater. Both the sizes of CeO2 particles inhibited the hatching rate of brine shrimp cyst. Nano CeO2 was found to be more toxic to A. salina (48 h LC50 38.0 mg/L) when compared to bulk CeO2 (48 h LC50 92.2 mg/L). Nano CeO2-treated A. salina showed higher oxidative stress (ROS) than those treated with the bulk form. The reduction in the antioxidant activity indicated an increase in oxidative stress in the cells. Higher acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) was observed upon exposure to nano and bulk CeO2 particles. The uptake and accumulation of CeO2 particles were increased with respect to the concentration and particle size. Thus, the above results revealed that nano CeO2 was more lethal to A. salina as compared to bulk particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, 632 014, India
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30
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Comeche A, Martín-Villamil M, Picó Y, Varó I. Effect of methylparaben in Artemia franciscana. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 199:98-105. [PMID: 28428009 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the toxicity of methylparaben (MeP) an emerging contaminant, was analysed in the sexual species Artemia franciscana, due to its presence in coastal areas and marine saltworks in the Mediterranean region. The acute toxicity (24h-LC50) of MeP in nauplii was tested and its chronic effect (9days) evaluated by measuring survival and growth under two sublethal concentrations (0.0085 and 0.017mg/L). Also, the effect on several key enzymes involved in: antioxidant defences (catalase (CAT) and gluthathion-S-transferase (GST)), neural activity (cholinesterase (ChE)) and xenobiotic biotransformation (carboxylesterase (CbE), was assessed after 48h under sublethal exposure. The results of acute exposure indicate that MeP is harmful to A. franciscana (24h-LC50=36.7mg/L). MeP causes a decrease in CAT activity after 48h exposure to both concentration tested, that points out at the oxidative stress effect of MeP in A. franciscana. However, no significant effect on ChE, CbE and GST activities was found. In addition, MeP does not affect survival and growth in chronic exposure at the sublethal concentrations tested. The results of this study indicate that MeP is not a threat for A. franciscana under the experimental conditions used. Additional studies should be done considering long-term exposure and reproduction studies to analyse the potential risk of MeP as emerging contaminant in marine and hypersaline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Comeche
- Departamento de Biología, Cultivo y Patología de Especies Marinas, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - María Martín-Villamil
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnológicas, Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Grupo de Investigación en Seguridad Alimentaria y Medioambiental (SAMA-UV), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Avd. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inma Varó
- Departamento de Biología, Cultivo y Patología de Especies Marinas, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
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31
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Lacave JM, Fanjul Á, Bilbao E, Gutierrez N, Barrio I, Arostegui I, Cajaraville MP, Orbea A. Acute toxicity, bioaccumulation and effects of dietary transfer of silver from brine shrimp exposed to PVP/PEI-coated silver nanoparticles to zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 199:69-80. [PMID: 28323199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use and release to the aquatic environment of silver nanoparticles (NPs) could lead to their incorporation into the food web. Brine shrimp larvae of 24h showed low sensitivity to the exposure to PVP/PEI-coated Ag NPs (5nm), with EC50 values at 24h of 19.63mgAgL-1, but they significantly accumulated silver after 24h of exposure to 100μgL-1 of Ag NPs. Thus, to assess bioaccumulation and effects of silver transferred by the diet in zebrafish, brine shrimp larvae were exposed to 100ngL-1 of Ag NPs as an environmentally relevant concentration or to 100μgL-1 as a potentially effective concentration and used to feed zebrafish for 21days. Autometallography revealed a dose- and time-dependent metal accumulation in the intestine and in the liver of zebrafish. Three-day feeding with brine shrimps exposed to 100ngL-1 of Ag NPs was enough to impair fish health as reflected by the significant reduction of lysosomal membrane stability and the presence of vacuolization and necrosis in the liver. However, dietary exposure to 100μgL-1 of Ag NPs for 3days did not significantly alter gene transcription levels, neither in the liver nor in the intestine. After 21days, biological processes such as lipid transport and localization, cellular response to chemical stimulus and response to xenobiotic stimulus were significantly altered in the liver. Overall, these results indicate an effective dietary transfer of silver and point out to liver as the main target organ for Ag NP toxicity in zebrafish after dietary exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Lacave
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Álvaro Fanjul
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Eider Bilbao
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nerea Gutierrez
- Dept. of Applied Mathematics, Statistics and Operations Research, Science and Technology Faculty, and Basque Center for Applied Mathematics - BCAM, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Irantzu Barrio
- Dept. of Applied Mathematics, Statistics and Operations Research, Science and Technology Faculty, and Basque Center for Applied Mathematics - BCAM, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Arostegui
- Dept. of Applied Mathematics, Statistics and Operations Research, Science and Technology Faculty, and Basque Center for Applied Mathematics - BCAM, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Miren P Cajaraville
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Amaia Orbea
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
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32
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Bergami E, Pugnalini S, Vannuccini ML, Manfra L, Faleri C, Savorelli F, Dawson KA, Corsi I. Long-term toxicity of surface-charged polystyrene nanoplastics to marine planktonic species Dunaliella tertiolecta and Artemia franciscana. Aquat Toxicol 2017. [PMID: 28644993 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has been globally recognized as a critical issue for marine ecosystems and nanoplastics constitute one of the last unexplored areas to understand the magnitude of this threat. However, current difficulties in sampling and identifying nano-sized debris make hard to assess their occurrence in marine environment. Polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) are largely used as nanoplastics in ecotoxicological studies and although acute exposures have been already investigated, long-term toxicity on marine organisms is unknown. Our study aims at evaluating the effects of 40nm PS anionic carboxylated (PS-COOH) and 50nm cationic amino-modified (PS-NH2) NPs in two planktonic species, the green microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta and the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, respectively prey and predator. PS NP behaviour in exposure media was determined through DLS, while their toxicity to microalgae and brine shrimps evaluated through 72h growth inhibition test and 14 d long-term toxicity test respectively. Moreover, the expression of target genes (i.e. clap and cstb), having a role in brine shrimp larval growth and molting, was measured in 48h brine shrimp larvae. A different behaviour of the two PS NPs in exposure media as well as diverse toxicity to the two planktonic species was observed. PS-COOH formed micro-scale aggregates (Z-Average>1μm) and did not affect the growth of microalgae up to 50μg/ml or that of brine shrimps up to 10μg/ml. However, these negatively charged NPs were adsorbed on microalgae and accumulated (and excreted) in brine shrimps, suggesting a potential trophic transfer from prey to predator. On the opposite, PS-NH2-formed nano-scale aggregates (Z-Average<200nm), caused inhibition of algal growth (EC50=12.97μg/ml) and mortality in brine shrimps at 14 d (LC50=0.83μg/ml). Moreover, 1μg/ml PS-NH2 significantly induced clap and cstb genes, explaining the physiological alterations (e.g. increase in molting) previously observed in 48h larvae, but also suggesting an apoptotic pathway triggered by cathepsin L-like protease in brine shrimps upon PS-NH2 exposure. These findings provide a first insight into long-term toxicity of nanoplastics to marine plankton, underlining the role of the surface chemistry in determining the behaviour and effects of PS NPs, in terms of adsorption, growth inhibition, accumulation, gene modulation and mortality. The use of long-term end-point has been identified as valuable tool for assessing the impact of nanoplastics on marine planktonic species, being more predictable of real exposure scenarios for risk assessment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bergami
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Italy.
| | - S Pugnalini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - M L Vannuccini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - L Manfra
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome, Italy; Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Anton Dohrn Zoological Station, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - C Faleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - F Savorelli
- Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna (Arpae ER), Ferrara, Italy
| | - K A Dawson
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - I Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
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Madhav MR, David SEM, Kumar RSS, Swathy JS, Bhuvaneshwari M, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N. Toxicity and accumulation of Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles in different life stages of Artemia salina. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 52:227-238. [PMID: 28454023 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles production rate and its applications have raised concerns about their release and toxicity to the aquatic and terrestrial organisms. The primary size of Copper Oxide nanoparticles (CuO NP's) was found to be 114±36nm using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and a significant increase in the hydrodynamic diameter of CuO NP was seen within 1h of interaction. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values obtained from the acute toxicity studies on different life stages of Artemia salina was found to be 61.4, 35, 12.2 and 175.2mg/L for 1d, 2d, 7d old and adult, respectively. The toxicity associated changes in biochemical markers such as Catalase, Reduced glutathione and Glutathione-S-Transferase were evident. The accumulation of Cu nanoparticles into the gut of Artemia salina was the major reason for toxicity. This study demonstrate the toxicity of CuO NPs to Artemia salina, and the obtained results necessitate the detailed investigation on the possible eco-toxicological implication of these nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Madhav
- Center for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632014, India
| | | | - R S Suresh Kumar
- Center for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632014, India
| | - J S Swathy
- Center for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632014, India
| | - M Bhuvaneshwari
- Center for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632014, India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Center for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632014, India
| | - N Chandrasekaran
- Center for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632014, India.
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34
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Kim BY, Shin GH, Lee IS, Kim SW, Kim HS, Kim JK, Lee SG. Localization patterns of dopamine active transporter synthesizing cells during development of brine shrimp. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2017; 94:e21378. [PMID: 28206711 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There have been many studies on dopamine active transporter (DAT) in humans and laboratory animals; however, there is a lack of information on DAT in brine shrimp. In this study, we demonstrated the neuronal and nonneuronal characteristics of DAT-synthesizing (DAT+ cells) during development of brine shrimp. In neuronal cells, the DAT+ neurons in the central body and lobes of a protocerebrum (PC) controlled the deutocerebrum. The sensory cells of nauplius eyes projected their decussated axons to the PC, and the DAT+ cells at the posterior region were associated with migration and control of the 10 posterior neurons during the early nauplius stage. In nonneuronal cells, the five types of glands, that is, the salt, antennal, mandible, and accessory glands and posterior gland1 and gland2 synthesized DAT protein. In addition, the gut and rectum dilator muscles and renal cells expressed DAT protein. Thus, DAT protein acts in the development of several types of cells during development of brine shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yong Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeong Hee Shin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Soo Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangwon National University, School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Suhng Wook Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Seung Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Jungwon University, Geo-San, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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35
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Harbi K, Makridis P, Koukoumis C, Papadionysiou M, Vgenis T, Kornaros M, Ntaikou I, Giokas S, Dailianis S. Evaluation of a battery of marine species-based bioassays against raw and treated municipal wastewaters. J Hazard Mater 2017; 321:537-546. [PMID: 27676080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates a battery of marine species-based bioassays against chemically characterized municipal wastewater samples (raw and WWTP treated). We estimated Dunaliella tertiolecta growth rate inhibition (24-96h IC50 values), Artemia franciscana immobilization (24h LC50 values), mussel hemocytes viability and lipid peroxidation enhancement (in terms of neutral red retention assay/NRRT and malondialdehyde/MDA content, respectively) in influent- and WWTP effluent-treated species. We found algal growth arrest and stimulation respectively, almost similar 24hLC50 values in Artemia sp., and significantly higher adverse effects (in terms of NRRT and MDA levels) in influent-treated mussel hemocytes. Furthermore, the estimation of hatchability, yolk-sac larvae mortality (24-120hLC50) and spinal deformities (SD) in sea bream Sparus aurata showed slight variations over time, with the lowest LC50 and SD50 (representing spinal deformities at 50% of yolk-sac larvae) values to be observed in influent-treated larvae at 120h. Data interpretation (both chemical and biological) revealed that toxic endpoints, such as NRRT50, 96hIC50Dun, 120hLC50Sparus and 120hSD50Sparus, significantly related to WWTP removal efficiency and further mediated by the presence of dominant compounds, such as As and Cr, could be used for identifying main components of toxicity in wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassiani Harbi
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26 500, Greece
| | - Pavlos Makridis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26 500, Greece
| | - Christos Koukoumis
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori St., University Campus, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece
| | - Marina Papadionysiou
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori St., University Campus, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece
| | - Theodoros Vgenis
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori St., University Campus, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori St., University Campus, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna Ntaikou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas (ICEHT/FORTH), 10 Stadiou St., Platani, GR 26 504, Patras, Greece
| | - Sinos Giokas
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26 500, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26 500, Greece.
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36
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Jiang G, Rowarth NM, Panchakshari S, MacRae TH. ArHsp40, a type 1 J-domain protein, is developmentally regulated and stress inducible in post-diapause Artemia franciscana. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:1077-1088. [PMID: 27581971 PMCID: PMC5083676 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon diapause termination and exposure to favorable environmental conditions, cysts of the crustacean Artemia franciscana reinitiate development, a process dependent on the resumption of metabolic activity and the maintenance of protein homeostasis. The objective of the work described herein was to characterize molecular chaperones during post-diapause growth of A. franciscana. An Hsp40 complementary DNA (cDNA) termed ArHsp40 was cloned and shown to encode a protein with an amino-terminal J-domain containing a conserved histidine, proline, and aspartic acid (HPD) motif. Following the J-domain was a Gly/Phe (G/F) rich domain, a zinc-binding domain which contained a modified CXXCXGXG motif, and the carboxyl-terminal substrate binding region, all characteristics of type I Hsp40. Multiple alignment and protein modeling showed that ArHsp40 is comparable to Hsp40s from other eukaryotes and likely to be functionally similar. qRT-PCR revealed that during post-diapause development, ArHsp40 messenger RNA (mRNA) varied slightly until the E2/E3 stage and decreased significantly upon hatching. The immunoprobing of Western blots demonstrated that ArHsp40 was also relatively constant until E2/E3 and then declined dramatically. The drop in ArHsp40 when metabolism and protein synthesis were increasing was unexpected and demonstrated developmental regulation. The reduction in ArHsp40 at such an active life history stage indicates, as one possibility, that A. franciscana possesses additional Hsp40s, one or more of which replaces ArHsp40 as development progresses. Increased synthesis upon heat shock established that in addition to being developmentally regulated, ArHsp40 is stress inducible and, because it is found in mature cysts, ArHsp40 has the potential to contribute to stress tolerance during diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojian Jiang
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan, RD, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Nathan M Rowarth
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | - Thomas H MacRae
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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37
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Pestana JLT, Novais SC, Norouzitallab P, Vandegehuchte MB, Bossier P, De Schamphelaere KAC. Non-lethal heat shock increases tolerance to metal exposure in brine shrimp. Environ Res 2016; 151:663-670. [PMID: 27619211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pollution and temperature increase are two of the most important stressors that aquatic organisms are facing. Exposure to elevated temperatures and metal contamination both induce heat shock proteins (HSPs), which may thus be involved in the induced cross-tolerance in various organisms. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that exposure to a non-lethal heat shock (NLHS) causes an increased tolerance to subsequent metal exposure. Using gnotobiotic cultures of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, the tolerance to Cd and Zn acute exposures was tested after a prior NLHS treatment (30min exposure to 37°C). The effects of NLHS and metal exposure were also assessed by measuring 70kDa-HSPs production, along with the analysis of epigenetic markers such as DNA methylation and histone H3 and histone H4 acetylation. Our results showed that heat-shocked Artemia had increased acute tolerance to Cd and Zn. However, different patterns of HSPs were observed between the two metal compounds and no epigenetic alterations were observed in response to heat shock or metal exposure. These results suggest that HSP production is a phenotypically plastic trait with a potential role in temperature-induced tolerance to metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- João L T Pestana
- Department of Biology & CESAM - University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Parisa Norouzitallab
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Rozier 44, Gent 9000, Belgium; Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Michiel B Vandegehuchte
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, J. Plateaustraat 22, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Rozier 44, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Karel A C De Schamphelaere
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, J. Plateaustraat 22, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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Batel A, Linti F, Scherer M, Erdinger L, Braunbeck T. Transfer of benzo[a]pyrene from microplastics to Artemia nauplii and further to zebrafish via a trophic food web experiment: CYP1A induction and visual tracking of persistent organic pollutants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016; 35:1656-66. [PMID: 26752309 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of microplastic particles and the transfer of potential harmful substances along with microplastics has been studied in a variety of organisms, especially invertebrates. However, the potential accumulation of very small microplastic particles along food webs ending with vertebrate models has not been investigated so far. Therefore, a simple artificial food chain with Artemia sp. nauplii and zebrafish (Danio rerio) was established to analyze the transfer of microplastic particles and associated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) between different trophic levels. Very small (1-20 μm) microplastic particles accumulated in Artemia nauplii and were subsequently transferred to fish. Virgin particles not loaded with POPs did not cause any observable physical harm in the intestinal tracts of zebrafish, although parts of the particles were retained within the mucus of intestinal villi and might even have been taken up by epithelial cells. The transfer of associated POPs was tested with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene and an ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay for CYP1A induction in zebrafish liver as well as via fluorescence analyses. Whereas a significant induction in the EROD assay could not be shown, because of high individual variation and low sensitivity regarding substance concentration, the fluorescence tracking of benzo[a]pyrene indicates that food-borne microplastic-associated POPs may actually desorb in the intestine of fish and are thus transferred to the intestinal epithelium and liver. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1656-1666. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Batel
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederic Linti
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Scherer
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lothar Erdinger
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Bergami E, Bocci E, Vannuccini ML, Monopoli M, Salvati A, Dawson KA, Corsi I. Nano-sized polystyrene affects feeding, behavior and physiology of brine shrimp Artemia franciscana larvae. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 123:18-25. [PMID: 26422775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nano-sized polymers as polystyrene (PS) constitute one of the main challenges for marine ecosystems, since they can distribute along the whole water column affecting planktonic species and consequently disrupting the energy flow of marine ecosystems. Nowadays very little knowledge is available on the impact of nano-sized plastics on marine organisms. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of 40nm anionic carboxylated (PS-COOH) and 50nm cationic amino (PS-NH2) polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) on brine shrimp Artemia franciscana larvae. No signs of mortality were observed at 48h of exposure for both PS NPs at naplius stage but several sub-lethal effects were evident. PS-COOH (5-100μg/ml) resulted massively sequestered inside the gut lumen of larvae (48h) probably limiting food intake. Some of them were lately excreted as fecal pellets but not a full release was observed. Likewise, PS-NH2 (5-100µg/ml) accumulated in larvae (48h) but also adsorbed at the surface of sensorial antennules and appendages probably hampering larvae motility. In addition, larvae exposed to PS-NH2 undergo multiple molting events during 48h of exposure compared to controls. The activation of a defense mechanism based on a physiological process able to release toxic cationic NPs (PS-NH2) from the body can be hypothesized. The general observed accumulation of PS NPs within the gut during the 48h of exposure indicates a continuous bioavailability of nano-sized PS for planktonic species as well as a potential transfer along the trophic web. Therefore, nano-sized PS might be able to impair food uptake (feeding), behavior (motility) and physiology (multiple molting) of brine shrimp larvae with consequences not only at organism and population level but on the overall ecosystem based on the key role of zooplankton on marine food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bergami
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Bocci
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | | | - Marco Monopoli
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna Salvati
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Division Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth A Dawson
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Italy.
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40
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Manfra L, Canepa S, Piazza V, Faimali M. Lethal and sublethal endpoints observed for Artemia exposed to two reference toxicants and an ecotoxicological concern organic compound. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 123:60-64. [PMID: 26344887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Swimming speed alteration and mortality assays with the marine crustacean Artemia franciscana were carried out. EC50 and LC50 values after 24-48h exposures were calculated for two reference toxicants, copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) and Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS), and an ecotoxicological concern organic compound, Diethylene Glycol (DEG). Different end-points have been evaluated, in order to point out their sensitivity levels. The swimming speed alteration (SSA) was compared to mortality values and also to the hatching rate inhibition (literature data). SSA resulted to be more sensitive than the mortality and with a sensitivity comparable to (or even higher than) the hatching rate endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Manfra
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via Brancati 60, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sara Canepa
- University of Genoa, Corso Europa, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Veronica Piazza
- Institute of Marine Science, National Council of Researches (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Faimali
- Institute of Marine Science, National Council of Researches (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy
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Ozkan Y, Altinok I, Ilhan H, Sokmen M. Determination of TiO2 and AgTiO2 Nanoparticles in Artemia salina: Toxicity, Morphological Changes, Uptake and Depuration. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2016; 96:36-42. [PMID: 26280834 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, aquatic stability and toxic effects of TiO2 and AgTiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated on Artemia salina nauplii. AgTiO2 was found to be more toxic to nauplii compared to TiO2. The mortality rate in nauplii increased significantly with increasing concentrations and duration of exposure. TiO2 eliminations ranged between 27.8% and 96.5% at 50 and 1 mg/L TiO2 exposed to nauplii, respectively. Accumulation and elimination of Ag in AgTiO2 exposed nauplii were similar except at 1 mg/L AgTiO2. When NPs were mixed with water, the hydrodynamic dimensions of NPs significantly increased because of aggregation in saltwater but NP size decreased over time. NPs-exposed nauplii showed changes in eye formation, enlargement of the intestine, malformations in the outer shell and antennae loss were also observed. Since accumulation and toxicity of AgTiO2 NPs was higher than TiO2 alone, inevitably release of AgTiO2 into aqueous environments can cause ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Ozkan
- Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Biology, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Altinok
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Department Fisheries Technology Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61530, Surmene, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Ilhan
- Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, 06000, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Munevver Sokmen
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
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Zhao LL, Jin F, Ye X, Zhu L, Yang JS, Yang WJ. Expression profiles of miRNAs and involvement of miR-100 and miR-34 in regulation of cell cycle arrest in Artemia. Biochem J 2015; 470:223-31. [PMID: 26348910 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of the cell cycle is complex but critical for proper development, reproduction and stress resistance. To survive unfavourable environmental conditions, the crustacean Artemia produces diapause embryos whose metabolism is maintained at extremely low levels. In the present study, the expression profiles of miRNAs during Artemia diapause entry and termination were characterized using high-throughput sequencing. A total of 13 unclassified miRNAs and 370 miRNAs belonging to 87 families were identified; among them, 107 were differentially expressed during diapause entry and termination. We focused on the roles of two of these miRNAs, miR-100 and miR-34, in regulating cell cycle progression; during the various stages of diapause entry, these miRNAs displayed opposing patterns of expression. A functional analysis revealed that miR-100 and miR-34 regulate the cell cycle during diapause entry by targeting polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), leading to activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase-ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (MEK-ERK-RSK2) pathway and cyclin K, leading to suppression of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) activity respectively. The findings presented in the present study provide insights into the functions of miR-100 and miR-34 and suggest that the expression profiles of miRNAs in Artemia can be used to characterize their functions in cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Shu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jun Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
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Kim BY, Song HY, Kim MY, Lee BH, Kim KJ, Jo KJ, Kim SW, Lee SG, Lee BH. DISTINCTIVE LOCALIZATION OF GROUP 3 LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT SYNTHESIZING CELLS DURING BRINE SHRIMP DEVELOPMENT. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2015; 89:169-180. [PMID: 25781424 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, their functions, roles, and localizations during developmental stages in arthropods remain unknown. LEA proteins protect crucial proteins against osmotic stress during the development and growth of various organisms. Thus, in this study, fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to determine the crucial regions protected against osmotic stress as well as the distinctive localization of group 3 (G3) LEA(+) cells during brine shrimp development. Several cell types were found to synthesize G3 LEA RNA, including neurons, muscular cells, APH-1(+) cells, and renal cells. The G3 LEA(+) neuronal cell bodies outside of the mushroom body projected their axonal bundles to the central body, but those inside the mushroom body projected their axonal bundles toward the deutocerebrum without innervating the central body. The cell bodies inside the mushroom body received axons of the G3 LEA(+) sensory cells at the medial ventral cup of the nauplius eye. Several glands were found to synthesize G3 LEA RNA during the nauplius stages of brine shrimp, including the sinus, antennal I and II, salt, and three ectodermal glands. This study provides the first demonstration of the formation of G3 LEA(+) sinus glands at the emergence stages of brine shrimp. These results suggest that G3 LEA protein is synthesized in several cell types. In particular, specific glands play crucial roles during the emergence and nauplius stages of brine shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yong Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Korea
| | - Hwa Young Song
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Korea
| | - Mi Young Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Korea
| | - Bong Hee Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Korea
| | - Kyung Joo Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Jo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Korea
| | - Suhng Wook Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Korea
| | - Seung Gwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Korea
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Jheng YH, Lee LH, Ting CH, Pan CY, Hui CF, Chen JY. Zebrafish fed on recombinant Artemia expressing epinecidin-1 exhibit increased survival and altered expression of immunomodulatory genes upon Vibrio vulnificus infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2015; 42:1-15. [PMID: 25462461 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Artemia has been used extensively in aquaculture as fodder for larval fish, shrimp, and shellfish. Epinecidin-1, an antimicrobial peptide, was isolated from grouper (Epinephelus coioides) in 2005. Epinecidin-1 has been previously reported to possess antimicrobial activity against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species, including Staphylococcus coagulase, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Vibrio vulnificus. In this study, we used electroporation to introduce plasmid DNA encoding a green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-epinecidin-1 fusion protein under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter into decapsulated Artemia cysts. Optimization of various properties (including cyst weight (0.2 g), plasmid concentration (50 μg/100 μl), and pulse voltage (150 V), length (10 ms), and number (2)) resulted in a hatching rate of 41.15%, a transfection efficiency of 49.81%, and a fluorescence intensity (A.U.) of 47.46. The expression of EGFP-epinecidin-1 was first detected by quantitative RT-PCR at 120 h post-electroporation, and protein was identified by Western blot at the same time. Furthermore, the EGFP-epinecidin-1 protein inhibited V. vulnificus (204) growth, as demonstrated by zone of inhibition studies. Zebrafish fed on transgenic Artemia expressing CMV-gfp-epi combined with commercial fodder were more resistant to infection by V. vulnificus (204): survival rate was enhanced by over 70% at 7, 14, and 21 days post-infection, and bacterial numbers in the liver and intestine were reduced. In addition, feeding of transgenic Artemia to zebrafish affected the immunomodulatory response to V. vulnificus (204) infection; expression of immune-responsive genes, including hepcidin and defbl2, was altered, as shown by qPCR. These findings suggest that feeding transgenic Artemia expressing CMV-gfp-epi to larval fish has antimicrobial effects, without the drawbacks of introducing drug residues or inducing bacterial drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Jheng
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Han Lee
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan 262, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hung Ting
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan 262, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Pan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 811, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Fat Hui
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Yih Chen
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan 262, Taiwan.
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Ates M, Arslan Z, Demir V, Daniels J, Farah IO. Accumulation and toxicity of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles through waterborne and dietary exposure of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Environ Toxicol 2015; 30:119-28. [PMID: 24860999 PMCID: PMC4242804 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dietary and waterborne exposure to copper oxide (CuO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) was conducted using a simplified model of an aquatic food chain consisting of zooplankton (Artemia salina) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) to determine bioaccumulation, toxic effects, and particle transport through trophic levels. Artemia contaminated with NPs were used as food in dietary exposure. Fish were exposed to suspensions of the NPs in waterborne exposure. ICP-MS analysis showed that accumulation primarily occurred in the intestine, followed by the gills and liver. Dietary uptake was lower, but was found to be a potential pathway for transport of NPs to higher organisms. Waterborne exposure resulted in about a 10-fold higher accumulation in the intestine. The heart, brain, and muscle tissue had no significant Cu or Zn. However, concentrations in muscle increased with NP concentration, which was ascribed to bioaccumulation of Cu and Zn released from NPs. Free Cu concentration in the medium was always higher than that of Zn, indicating CuO NPs dissolved more readily. ZnO NPs were relatively benign, even in waterborne exposure (p ≥ 0.05). In contrast, CuO NPs were toxic. Malondialdehyde levels in the liver and gills increased substantially (p < 0.05). Despite lower Cu accumulation, the liver exhibited significant oxidative stress, which could be from chronic exposure to Cu ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ates
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, PO Box 17910 Jackson, MS 39217
- Department of Bioengineering, Tunceli University, Tunceli, 62000, Turkey
- Correspondence to: M. Ates;
| | - Zikri Arslan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, PO Box 17910 Jackson, MS 39217
| | - Veysel Demir
- Department of Bioengineering, Tunceli University, Tunceli, 62000, Turkey
| | - James Daniels
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, PO Box 17910 Jackson, MS 39217
| | - Ibrahim O. Farah
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, PO Box 18540 Jackson, MS 39217
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Ates M, Demir V, Arslan Z, Daniels J, Farah IO, Bogatu C. Evaluation of alpha and gamma aluminum oxide nanoparticle accumulation, toxicity, and depuration in Artemia salina larvae. Environ Toxicol 2015; 30:109-18. [PMID: 24753078 PMCID: PMC4006351 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Artemia salina (crustacean filter feeders) larvae were used as a test model to investigate the toxicity of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) on marine microorganisms. The uptake, toxicity, and elimination of α-Al2O3 (50 nm and 3.5 μm) and γ-Al2O3 (5 nm and 0.4 μm) NPs were studied. Twenty-four and ninety-six hour exposures of different concentrations of Al2O3 NPs to Artemia larvae were conducted in a seawater medium. When suspended in water, Al2O3 NPs aggregated substantially with the sizes ranging from 6.3 nm to >0.3 µm for spherical NPs and from 250 to 756 nm for rod-shaped NPs. The phase contrast microscope images showed that NPs deposited inside the guts as aggregates. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis showed that large particles (3.5 μm α-Al2O3) were not taken up by Artemia, whereas fine NPs (0.4 μm γ-Al2O3) and ultra-fine NPs (5 nm γ-Al2O3 and 50 nm α-Al2O3) accumulated substantially. Differences in toxicity were detected as changing with NP size and morphology. The malondialdehyde levels indicated that smaller γ-Al2O3 (5 nm) NPs were more toxic than larger γ-Al2O3 (0.4 µm) particulates in 96 h. The highest mortality was measured as 34% in 96 h for γ-Al2O3 NPs (5 nm) at 100 mg/L (LC50 > 100 mg/L). γ-Al2O3 NPs were more toxic than α-Al2O3 NPs at all conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ates
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, PO Box 17910 Jackson, MS 39217
- Department of Bioengineering, Tunceli University, Tunceli, 62000, Turkey
| | - Veysel Demir
- Department of Bioengineering, Tunceli University, Tunceli, 62000, Turkey
| | - Zikri Arslan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, PO Box 17910 Jackson, MS 39217
- Corresponding to: Mehmet Ates; tel:+90 428 213 17 94, fax: +90 428 213 18 61,
| | - James Daniels
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, PO Box 17910 Jackson, MS 39217
| | - Ibrahim O. Farah
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, PO Box 18540 Jackson, MS 39217
| | - Corneliu Bogatu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jackson State University, PO Box 18540 Jackson, MS 39217
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Toxopeus J, Warner AH, MacRae TH. Group 1 LEA proteins contribute to the desiccation and freeze tolerance of Artemia franciscana embryos during diapause. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:939-48. [PMID: 24846336 PMCID: PMC4389855 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Water loss either by desiccation or freezing causes multiple forms of cellular damage. The encysted embryos (cysts) of the crustacean Artemia franciscana have several molecular mechanisms to enable anhydrobiosis-life without water-during diapause. To better understand how cysts survive reduced hydration, group 1 late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, hydrophilic unstructured proteins that accumulate in the stress-tolerant cysts of A. franciscana, were knocked down using RNA interference (RNAi). Embryos lacking group 1 LEA proteins showed significantly lower survival than control embryos after desiccation and freezing, or freezing alone, demonstrating a role for group 1 LEA proteins in A. franciscana tolerance of low water conditions. In contrast, regardless of group 1 LEA protein presence, cysts responded similarly to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure, indicating little to no function for these proteins in diapause termination. This is the first in vivo study of group 1 LEA proteins in an animal and it contributes to the fundamental understanding of these proteins. Knowing how LEA proteins protect A. franciscana cysts from desiccation and freezing may have applied significance in aquaculture, where Artemia is an important feed source, and in the cryopreservation of cells for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jantina Toxopeus
- />Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Alden H. Warner
- />Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Thomas H. MacRae
- />Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
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Baruah K, Norouzitallab P, Linayati L, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P. Reactive oxygen species generated by a heat shock protein (Hsp) inducing product contributes to Hsp70 production and Hsp70-mediated protective immunity in Artemia franciscana against pathogenic vibrios. Dev Comp Immunol 2014; 46:470-479. [PMID: 24950414 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The cytoprotective role of heat shock protein (Hsp70) described in a variety of animal disease models, including vibriosis in farmed aquatic animals, suggests that new protective strategies relying upon the use of compounds that selectively turn on Hsp genes could be developed. The product Tex-OE® (hereafter referred to as Hspi), an extract from the skin of the prickly pear fruit, Opuntia ficus indica, was previously shown to trigger Hsp70 synthesis in a non-stressful situation in a variety of animals, including in a gnotobiotically (germ-free) cultured brine shrimp Artemia franciscana model system. This model system offers great potential for carrying out high-throughput, live-animal screens of compounds that have health benefit effects. By using this model system, we aimed to disclose the underlying cause behind the induction of Hsp70 by Hspi in the shrimp host, and to determine whether the product affects the shrimp in inducing resistance towards pathogenic vibrios. We provide unequivocal evidences indicating that during the pretreatment period with Hspi, there is an initial release of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and/or superoxide anion), generated by the added product, in the rearing water and associated with the host. The reactive molecules generated are the triggering factors responsible for causing Hsp70 induction within Artemia. We have also shown that Hspi acts prophylactically at an optimum dose regimen to confer protection against pathogenic vibrios. This salutary effect was associated with upregulation of two important immune genes, prophenoloxidase and transglutaminase of the innate immune system. These findings suggest that inducers of stress protein (e.g. Hsp70) are potentially important modulator of immune responses and might be exploited to confer protection to cultured shrimp against Vibrio infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Baruah
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Rozier 44, Gent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Parisa Norouzitallab
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Rozier 44, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Linayati Linayati
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Rozier 44, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Patrick Sorgeloos
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Rozier 44, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Rozier 44, Gent 9000, Belgium
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Boswell LC, Moore DS, Hand SC. Quantification of cellular protein expression and molecular features of group 3 LEA proteins from embryos of Artemia franciscana. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:329-41. [PMID: 24061850 PMCID: PMC3982030 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0458-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are highly hydrophilic, low complexity proteins whose expression has been correlated with desiccation tolerance in anhydrobiotic organisms. Here, we report the identification of three new mitochondrial LEA proteins in anhydrobiotic embryos of Artemia franciscana, AfrLEA3m_47, AfrLEA3m_43, and AfrLEA3m_29. These new isoforms are recognized by antibody raised against recombinant AfrLEA3m, the original mitochondrial-targeted LEA protein previously reported from these embryos; mass spectrometry confirms all four proteins share sequence similarity. The corresponding messenger RNA (mRNA) species for the four proteins are readily amplified from total complementary DNA (cDNA) prepared from embryos. cDNA sequences of the four mRNAs are quite similar, but each has a stretch of sequence that is absent in at least one of the others, plus multiple single base pair differences. We conclude that all four mitochondrial LEA proteins are products of independent genes. Each possesses a mitochondrial targeting sequence, and indeed Western blots performed on extracts of isolated mitochondria clearly detect all four isoforms. Based on mass spectrometry and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis migration, the cytoplasmic-localized AfrLEA2 exists primarily as a homodimer in A. franciscana. Quantification of protein expression for AfrLEA2, AfrLEA3m, AfrLEA3m_43, and AfrLEA3m_29 as a function of development shows that cellular concentrations are highest in diapause embryos and decrease during development to low levels in desiccation-intolerant nauplius larvae. When adjustment is made for mitochondria matrix volume, the effective concentrations of cytoplasmic versus mitochondrial group 3 LEA proteins are similar in vivo, and the values provide guidance for the design of in vitro functional studies with these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leaf C Boswell
- Division of Cellular, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA,
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50
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Chu B, Yao F, Cheng C, Wu Y, Mei Y, Li X, Liu Y, Wang P, Hou L, Zou X. The potential role of As-sumo-1 in the embryonic diapause process and early embryo development of Artemia sinica. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85343. [PMID: 24404204 PMCID: PMC3880333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development of Artemia sinica, environmental stresses induce the embryo diapause phenomenon, required to resist apoptosis and regulate cell cycle activity. The small ubiquitin-related modifier-1 (SUMO), a reversible post-translational protein modifier, plays an important role in embryo development. SUMO regulates multiple cellular processes, including development and other biological processes. The molecular mechanism of diapause, diapause termination and the role of As-sumo-1 in this processes and in early embryo development of Artemia sinica still remains unknown. In this study, the complete cDNA sequences of the sumo-1 homolog, sumo ligase homolog, caspase-1 homolog and cyclin B homolog from Artemia sinica were cloned. The mRNA expression patterns of As-sumo-1, sumo ligase, caspase-1, cyclin B and the location of As-sumo-1 were investigated. SUMO-1, p53, Mdm2, Caspase-1, Cyclin B and Cyclin E proteins were analyzed during different developmental stages of the embryo of A. sinica. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to verify the function of sumo-1 in A. sinica. The full-length cDNA of As-sumo-1 was 476 bp, encoding a 92 amino acid protein. The As-caspases-1 cDNA was 966 bp, encoding a 245 amino-acid protein. The As-sumo ligase cDNA was 1556 bp encoding, a 343 amino acid protein, and the cyclin B cDNA was 739 bp, encoding a 133 amino acid protein. The expressions of As-sumo-1, As-caspase-1 and As-cyclin B were highest at the 10 h stage of embryonic development, and As-sumo ligase showed its highest expression at 0 h. The expression of As-SUMO-1 showed no tissue or organ specificity. Western blotting showed high expression of As-SUMO-1, p53, Mdm2, Caspase-1, Cyclin B and Cyclin E at the 10 h stage. The siRNA caused abnormal development of the embryo, with increased malformation and mortality. As-SUMO-1 is a crucial regulation and modification protein resumption of embryonic diapause and early embryo development of A. sinica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Feng Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yanli Mei
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Xuejie Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Peisheng Wang
- Department of Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Lin Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China
- * E-mail: (LH); (X-YZ)
| | - Xiangyang Zou
- Department of Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
- * E-mail: (LH); (X-YZ)
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