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Wang YL, Gao C, Chen L, Ji NN, Wu BW, Li XC, Lü PP, Zheng Y, Guo LD. Host plant phylogeny and geographic distance strongly structure Betulaceae-associated ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in Chinese secondary forest ecosystems. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5393368. [PMID: 30889238 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental filtering and dispersal limitation are two of the primary drivers of community assembly in ecosystems, but their effects on ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal communities associated with wide ranges of Betulaceae taxa at a large scale are poorly documented. In this study, we examined EM fungal communities associated with 23 species from four genera (Alnus, Betula, Carpinus and Corylus) of Betulaceae in Chinese secondary forest ecosystems, using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the ITS2 region. Effects of host plant phylogeny, soil, climate and geographic distance on EM fungal community were explored. In total, we distinguished 1738 EM fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at a 97% sequence similarity level. The EM fungal communities of Alnus had significantly lower OTU richness than those associated with the other three plant genera. The EM fungal OTU richness was significantly affected by geographic distance, host plant phylogeny, soil and climate. The EM fungal community composition was significantly influenced by host plant phylogeny (12.1% of variation explained in EM fungal community), geographic distance (7.7%), soil (4.6%) and climate (1.1%). This finding highlights that environmental filtering linked to host plant phylogeny and dispersal limitation strongly influence EM fungal communities associated with Betulaceae plants in Chinese secondary forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Niu-Niu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin-Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xing-Chun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Peng-Peng Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liang-Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Yurkov AM, Sannino C, Turchetti B. Mrakia fibulata sp. nov., a psychrotolerant yeast from temperate and cold habitats. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 113:499-510. [PMID: 31754948 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tree fluxes are sugar-rich, sometimes ephemeral, substrates occurring on sites where tree sap (xylem or phloem) is leaking through damages of tree bark. Tree sap infested with microorganisms has been the source of isolation of many species, including the biotechnologically relevant carotenoid yeast Phaffia rhodozyma. Tree fluxes recently sampled in Germany yielded 19 species, including several psychrophilic yeasts of the genus Mrakia. Four strains from tree fluxes represented a potential novel Mrakia species previously known from two isolates from superficial glacial melting water of Calderone Glacier (Italy). The Italian isolates, originally identified as Mrakia aquatica, and two strains from Germany did not show any sexual structures. But another culture collected in Germany produced clamped hyphae with teliospores. A detailed examination of the five isolates (three from Germany and two from Italy) proved them to be a novel yeast species, which is described in this manuscript as Mrakia fibulata sp. nov. (MB 830398), holotype DSM 103931 and isotype DBVPG 8059. In contrast to other sexually reproducing Mrakia species, M. fibulata produces true hyphae with clamp connections. Also, this is the first psychrotolerant Mrakia species which grows above 20 °C. Spring tree fluxes are widespread and can be recognized and sampled by amateurs in a Citizen Science project. This substrate is a prominent source of yeasts, and may harbor unknown species, as demonstrated in the present work. The description of Mrakia fibulata is dedicated to our volunteer helpers and amateurs, like Anna Yurkova (9-years-old daughter of Andrey Yurkov), who collected the sample which yielded the type strain of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Yurkov
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7B, 38124, Brunswick, Germany.
| | - C Sannino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences & Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - B Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences & Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Abstract
To date, the lichens Chrysothrix candelaris and Varicellaria hemisphaerica have been classified as accurate primeval lowland forest indicators. Both inhabit particularly valuable remnants of oak-hornbeam forests in Europe, but tend toward a specific kind of vicariance on a local scale. The present study was undertaken to determine habitat factors responsible for this phenomenon and verify the indicative and conservation value of these lichens. The main spatial and climatic parameters that, along with forest structure, potentially affect their distribution patterns and abundance were analysed in four complexes with typical oak-hornbeam stands in NE Poland. Fifty plots of 400 m2 each were chosen for detailed examination of stand structure and epiphytic lichens directly associated with the indicators. The study showed that the localities of the two species barely overlap within the same forest community in a relatively small geographical area. The occurrence of Chrysothrix candelaris depends basically only on microhabitat space provided by old oaks and its role as an indicator of the ecological continuity of habitat is limited. Varicellaria hemisphaerica is not tree specific but a sufficiently high moisture of habitat is essential for the species and it requires forests with high proportion of deciduous trees in a wide landscape scale. Local landscape-level habitat continuity is more important for this species than the current age of forest stand. Regardless of the indicative value, localities of both lichens within oak-hornbeam forests deserve the special protection status since they form unique assemblages of exclusive epiphytes, including those with high conservation value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Kubiak
- Department of Mycology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Piotr Osyczka
- Department of Polar Research and Documentation, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 27, 31-501, Kraków, Poland
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Złoch M, Thiem D, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Hrynkiewicz K. Synthesis of siderophores by plant-associated metallotolerant bacteria under exposure to Cd(2.). Chemosphere 2016; 156:312-325. [PMID: 27183333 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria are well known producers of siderophores, organic compounds that chelate ferric iron (Fe(3+)), and therefore play an important role in plant growth promotion in metalliferous areas, thereby improving bioremediation processes. However, in addition to their primary function in iron mobilization, siderophores also have the capacity to chelate other heavy metals, such as Al(3+), Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Pb(2+) and Cd(2+), that can affect homeostasis and the heavy metal tolerance of microorganisms. The main goal of our study was to select the most efficient siderophore-producing bacterial strains isolated from the roots (endophytes) and rhizosphere of Betula pendula L. and Alnus glutinosa L. growing at two heavy metal contaminated sites in southern Poland. Siderophore biosynthesis of these strains in the presence of increasing concentrations of Cd(2+) (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mM) under iron-deficiency conditions was analysed using spectrophotometric chemical tests for hydroxamates, catecholates and phenolates, as well as the separation of bacterial siderophores by HPLC and characterization of their structure by UHPLC-QTOF/MS. We proved that (i) siderophore-producing bacterial strains seems to be more abundant in the rhizosphere (47%) than in root endophytes (18%); (ii) the strains most effective at siderophore synthesis belonged to the genus Streptomyces and were able to secrete three types of siderophores under Cd(2+) stress: hydroxamates, catecholates and phenolates; (iii) in general, the addition of Cd(2+) enhanced siderophore synthesis, particularly ferrioxamine B synthesis, which may indicate that siderophores play a significant role in tolerance to Cd(2+) in Streptomyces sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Złoch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Dominika Thiem
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, PL-87-100 Torun, Poland; Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hrynkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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Gryndler M, Cerná L, Bukovská P, Hršelová H, Jansa J. Tuber aestivum association with non-host roots. Mycorrhiza 2014; 24:603-10. [PMID: 24756631 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-014-0580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal fungi provide direct and functional interconnection of soil environment with their host plant roots. Colonization of non-host plants have occasionally been described, but its intensity and functional significance in complex plant communities remain generally unknown. Here, the abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungus Tuber aestivum was measured in the roots of host and non-host (non-ectomycorrhizal) plants in a naturally occurring T. aestivum colony using a quantitative PCR approach. The roots of non-host plant species found inside the brûlé area were extensively colonized by T. aestivum mycelium, although the levels were significantly lower than those found in host Carpinus betulus roots. However, fungal biomass concentration in the non-host roots was one to two orders of magnitude higher than that in the surrounding soil. This indicates existence of an important biotic interaction between T. aestivum mycelium and the non-host, mostly herbaceous plants. Roots, either host or non-host, thus probably constitute hot spots of T. aestivum activity in the soil ecosystem with as yet uncovered functional significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Gryndler
- Faculty of Sciences, J.E. Purkinje University, České mládeže 8, Ústí nad Labem, 400 96, Czech Republic,
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Bilous AM, Voloshchuk NM, Buzyl' MA, Kovbasa IV. [Peculiarities of mortmass mycobiota formation in soft-deciduous young forests on old-tillage soils of the Chernihiv Polissya]. Mikrobiol Z 2013; 75:59-65. [PMID: 24450187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thirty eight species of fungi were identified as a result of mycological analysis of 180 mortmass samples of Betulapendula Routh. and Populus tremula L. Mortmass mycobiota of B. pendula and P. tremula was represented by white, brown- and soft-rot species. Fungi of Ascomycota phylum were most numerous (24 species). Species of genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Brachysporium, Cladosporium, Drechslera, Fusarium, Cylindrocarpon, Spadicesporium, Trichoderma in variants with middle and hard classes of wood degradation were identified among them. The Basidiomycota phylum was represented by 12 species; among them Armillariella mellea and Phellinus igniarius occurred most frequently. The most specific fungal complex decaying B. pendula and P tremula mortmass was observed under class III of its degradation.
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Bahram M, Kõljalg U, Kohout P, Mirshahvaladi S, Tedersoo L. Ectomycorrhizal fungi of exotic pine plantations in relation to native host trees in Iran: evidence of host range expansion by local symbionts to distantly related host taxa. Mycorrhiza 2013; 23:11-19. [PMID: 22592855 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-012-0445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of exotic plants change soil microbial communities which may have detrimental ecological consequences for ecosystems. In this study, we examined the community structure and species richness of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi associated with exotic pine plantations in relation to adjacent native ectomycorrhizal trees in Iran to elucidate the symbiont exchange between distantly related hosts, i.e. Fagales (Fagaceae and Betulaceae) and Pinaceae. The combination of morphological and molecular identification approaches revealed that 84.6 % of species with more than one occurrence (at least once on pines) were shared with native trees and only 5.9 % were found exclusively on pine root tips. The community diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the pine plantations adjacent to native EcM trees was comparable to their adjacent native trees, but the isolated plantations hosted relatively a species-poor community. Specific mycobionts of conifers were dominant in the isolated plantation while rarely found in the plantations adjacent to native EcM trees. These data demonstrate the importance of habitat isolation and dispersal limitation of EcM fungi in their potential of host range expansion. The great number of shared and possibly compatible symbiotic species between exotic Pinaceae and local Fagales (Fagaceae and Betulaceae) may reflect their evolutionary adaptations and/or ancestral compatibility with one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bahram
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Tartu University, 40 Lai, 51005 Tartu, Estonia.
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Hocher V, Alloisio N, Auguy F, Fournier P, Doumas P, Pujic P, Gherbi H, Queiroux C, Da Silva C, Wincker P, Normand P, Bogusz D. Transcriptomics of actinorhizal symbioses reveals homologs of the whole common symbiotic signaling cascade. Plant Physiol 2011; 156:700-11. [PMID: 21464474 PMCID: PMC3177269 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.174151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Comparative transcriptomics of two actinorhizal symbiotic plants, Casuarina glauca and Alnus glutinosa, was used to gain insight into their symbiotic programs triggered following contact with the nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium Frankia. Approximately 14,000 unigenes were recovered in roots and 3-week-old nodules of each of the two species. A transcriptomic array was designed to monitor changes in expression levels between roots and nodules, enabling the identification of up- and down-regulated genes as well as root- and nodule-specific genes. The expression levels of several genes emblematic of symbiosis were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. As expected, several genes related to carbon and nitrogen exchange, defense against pathogens, or stress resistance were strongly regulated. Furthermore, homolog genes of the common and nodule-specific signaling pathways known in legumes were identified in the two actinorhizal symbiotic plants. The conservation of the host plant signaling pathway is all the more surprising in light of the lack of canonical nod genes in the genomes of its bacterial symbiont, Frankia. The evolutionary pattern emerging from these studies reinforces the hypothesis of a common genetic ancestor of the Fabid (Eurosid I) nodulating clade with a genetic predisposition for nodulation.
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Rubini A, Belfiori B, Riccioni C, Arcioni S, Martin F, Paolocci F. Tuber melanosporum: mating type distribution in a natural plantation and dynamics of strains of different mating types on the roots of nursery-inoculated host plants. New Phytol 2011; 189:723-735. [PMID: 20964691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
• In light of the recent finding that Tuber melanosporum, the ectomycorrhizal ascomycete that produces the most highly prized black truffles, is a heterothallic species, we monitored the spatial distribution of strains with opposite mating types (MAT) in a natural truffle ground and followed strain dynamics in artificially inoculated host plants grown under controlled conditions. • In a natural truffle ground, ectomycorrhizas (ECMs), soil samples and fruit bodies were sampled and genotyped to determine mating types. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were also used to fingerprint ECMs and fruit bodies. The ECMs from nursery-inoculated host plants were analysed for mating type at 6 months and 19 months post-inoculation. • In open-field conditions, all ECMs from the same sampling site showed an identical mating type and an identical haploid genotype, based on SSR analysis. Interestingly, the gleba of fruit bodies always demonstrated the same genotype as the surrounding ECMs. Although root tips from nursery-grown plants initially developed ECMs of both mating types, a dominance of ECMs of the same MAT were found after several months. • The present study deepens our understanding of the vegetative and sexual propagation modes of T. melanosporum. These results are highly relevant for truffle cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rubini
- National Research Council, Plant Genetics Institute - Perugia Division, Via della Madonna Alta 130, I-06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belfiori
- National Research Council, Plant Genetics Institute - Perugia Division, Via della Madonna Alta 130, I-06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Riccioni
- National Research Council, Plant Genetics Institute - Perugia Division, Via della Madonna Alta 130, I-06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sergio Arcioni
- National Research Council, Plant Genetics Institute - Perugia Division, Via della Madonna Alta 130, I-06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francis Martin
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA-Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Francesco Paolocci
- National Research Council, Plant Genetics Institute - Perugia Division, Via della Madonna Alta 130, I-06128 Perugia, Italy
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Pasonen HL, Lu J, Niskanen AM, Seppänen SK, Rytkönen A, Raunio J, Pappinen A, Kasanen R, Timonen S. Effects of sugar beet chitinase IV on root-associated fungal community of transgenic silver birch in a field trial. Planta 2009; 230:973-983. [PMID: 19697057 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-009-1005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Heterogenous chitinases have been introduced in many plant species with the aim to increase the resistance of plants to fungal diseases. We studied the effects of the heterologous expression of sugar beet chitinase IV on the intensity of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) colonization and the structure of fungal communities in the field trial of 15 transgenic and 8 wild-type silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) genotypes. Fungal sequences were separated in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and identified by sequencing the ITS1 region to reveal the operational taxonomic units. ECM colonization was less intense in 7 out of 15 transgenic lines than in the corresponding non-transgenic control plants, but the slight decrease in overall ECM colonization in transgenic lines could not be related to sugar beet chitinase IV expression or total endochitinase activity. One transgenic line showing fairly weak sugar beet chitinase IV expression without significantly increased total endochitinase activity differed significantly from the non-transgenic controls in the structure of fungal community. Five sequences belonging to three different fungal genera (Hebeloma, Inocybe, Laccaria) were indicative of wild-type genotypes, and one sequence (Lactarius) indicated one transgenic line. In cluster analysis, the non-transgenic control grouped together with the transgenic lines indicating that genotype was a more important factor determining the structure of fungal communities than the transgenic status of the plants. With the tested birch lines, no clear evidence for the effect of the heterologous expression of sugar beet chitinase IV on ECM colonization or the structure of fungal community was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna-Leena Pasonen
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Bai SL, Li GL, Liu Y, Kasten Dumroese R, Lv RH. Ostryopsis davidiana seedlings inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi facilitate formation of mycorrhizae on Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings. Mycorrhiza 2009; 19:425-434. [PMID: 19399529 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-009-0245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Reforestation in China is important for reversing anthropogenic activities that degrade the environment. Pinus tabulaeformis is desired for these activities, but survival and growth of seedlings can be hampered by lack of ectomycorrhizae. When outplanted in association with Ostryopsis davidiana plants on reforestation sites, P. tabulaeformis seedlings become mycorrhizal and survival and growth are enhanced; without O. davidiana, pines often remain without mycorrhizae and performance is poorer. To better understand this relationship, we initiated an experiment using rhizoboxes that restricted root and tested the hypothesis that O. davidiana seedlings facilitated ectomycorrhizae formation on P. tabulaeformis seedlings through hyphal contact. We found that without O. davidiana seedlings, inocula of five indigenous ectomycorrhizal fungi were unable to grow and associate with P. tabulaeformis seedlings. Inocula placed alongside O. davidiana seedlings, however, resulted in enhanced growth and nutritional status of O. davidiana and P. tabulaeformis seedlings, and also altered rhizosphere pH and phosphatase activity. We speculate that these species form a common mycorrhizal network and this association enhances outplanting performance of P. tabulaeformis seedlings used for forest restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lan Bai
- College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010019, China
| | - Guo-Lei Li
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - R Kasten Dumroese
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, ID, 83843-4211, USA
| | - Rui-Heng Lv
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Ishida TA, Nara K, Hogetsu T. Host effects on ectomycorrhizal fungal communities: insight from eight host species in mixed conifer-broadleaf forests. New Phytol 2007; 174:430-440. [PMID: 17388905 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To advance our understanding of host effects on the community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), EMF communities were compared among different host species, genera and families in two mixed conifer-broadleaf forests in Japan. Using molecular identification methods we examined EMF root tips of eight coexisting species belonging to six genera (three families): Abies and Tsuga (Pinaceae), Betula and Carpinus (Betulaceae) and Fagus and Quercus (Fagaceae). In total, 205 EMF species were detected, and the total richness was estimated to exceed 300 species using major estimators. Of the 55 EMF species occurring three or more times, eight showed significantly biased host preference. A Mantel test showed a significantly negative correlation between EMF community similarity and host taxonomic distance. Detrended correspondence analysis separated EMF communities mainly by host taxonomic and successional status. Thus, EMF communities are similar on hosts with similar taxonomic and successional status. A significant proportion of EMF exhibited host specificity, which may contribute to the extremely diverse EMF community in conifer-broadleaf forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide A Ishida
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Nara
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan
| | - Taizo Hogetsu
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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Scortichini M, Marchesi U, Rossi MP, Di Prospero P. Bacteria associated with hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) decline are of two groups: Pseudomonas avellanae and strains resembling P. syringae pv. syringae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:476-84. [PMID: 11823181 PMCID: PMC126672 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.2.476-484.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 118 fluorescent pseudomonads associated with hazelnut decline, which has been occurring for many years in different areas of northern Greece and Italy, were assessed by performing a repetitive PCR analysis with enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus, box element, and repetive extragenic palindromic primer sets, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of whole-cell protein extracts, a carbon compound utilization analysis, and an analysis to determine the presence of the syrB gene. A subset of 53 strains was also characterized by amplified 16S ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) by using nine restriction endonucleases. The virulence of 40 representative strains was assessed by using serial doses. The pathogenic specificities of the strains were also verified. ARDRA carried out with HinfI revealed two main groups of strains, groups A and B, which exhibited a level of similarity of 57%. The other eight restriction endonucleases used did not separate the strains. In addition, a cluster analysis performed by the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages after repetitive PCR and SDS-PAGE of protein extracts also revealed the same two groups. Furthermore, the differential utilization of some carbon compounds made it possible to differentiate the groups. Virulence assessment clearly indicated that the group A strains are very virulent, whereas the group B strains proved to be mildly virulent for hazelnut. Group A included the strains isolated in northern Greece and central Italy (i.e., the province of Viterbo); these strains do not have the syrB gene, are pathogenically restricted to Corylus avellana, and belong to Pseudomonas avellanae. Group B includes the other strains obtained from hazelnut cultivated in Piedmont, Campania, Latium, Sicily, and Sardinia. They represent a distinct taxon closely related to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Scortichini
- Istituto Sperimentale per la Frutticoltura, Via di Fioranello, 52 I-00040 Ciampino Aeroporto, Rome, Italy.
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