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Sirotkin AV, Loncová B, Fabová Z, Bartušová M, Martín-García I, Harrath AH, Alonso F. Сopper nanoparticles supported on charcoal and betacellulin - Two novel stimulators of ovarian granulosa cell functions and their functional interrelationships. Theriogenology 2024; 218:137-141. [PMID: 38325150 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The present experiments are aimed to examine the effect of copper nanoparticles supported on charcoal (CuNPs/C), growth factor betacellulin (BTC) and their interrelationships in the control of ovarian cell functions. Porcine ovarian granulosa cells were cultured in the presence of CuNPs/C (0, 1, 10 or 100 ng/ml), BTC (100 ng/ml) and the combination of both, CuNPs/C + BTC. Markers of cell proliferation (BrDU incorporation), of the S-phase (PCNA) and G-phase (cyclin B1) of the cell cycle, markers of extrinsic (nuclear DNA fragmentation) and cytoplasmic/mitochondrial apoptosis (bax and caspase 3), and the release of progesterone and estradiol were assessed by BrDU test, TUNEL, quantitative immunocytochemistry and ELISA. Both CuNPs/C and BTC, when added alone, increased the expression of all the markers of cell proliferation, reduced the expression of all apoptosis markers and stimulated progesterone and estradiol release. Moreover, BTC was able to promote the CuNPs/C action on the accumulation of PCNA, cyclin B1, bax and estradiol output. These observations demonstrate the stimulatory action of both CuNPs/C and BTC on ovarian cell functions, as well as the ability of BTC to promote the action of CuNPs/C on ovarian cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Sirotkin
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, 94974, Slovakia.
| | - Barbora Loncová
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, 94974, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Fabová
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, 94974, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Bartušová
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, 94974, Slovakia
| | - Iris Martín-García
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francisco Alonso
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain.
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Rao J, Li H, Zhang H, Xiang X, Ding X, Li L, Geng F, Qi H. Periplaneta Americana (L.) extract activates the ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway to promote post-stroke neuroregeneration and recovery of neurological functions in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 321:117400. [PMID: 37952730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Periplaneta americana (L.) (PA) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years for the effect of invigorating blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Modern pharmacological research shown that PA extract exhibits promising effects in promoting wound healing and regeneration, as well as in brain diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether it is effective for neuroregeneration and neurological function recovery after stroke still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the potential effect of PA extract to promote brain remodeling through the activation of endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis, in addition, preliminary exploration of its regulatory mechanism. METHODS Firstly, BrdU proliferation assay and immunofluorescence (IF) staining were used to evaluate the effect of PA extract on the neurogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, the effects of PA extract on brain injury in stroke rats were assessed by TTC and HE. While mNSS score, adhesive removal test, rota-rod test, and morris water maze test were used to assess the impact of PA extract on neurological function in post-stroke rats. Finally, the molecular mechanisms of PA extract regulation were explored by RNA-Seq and western blotting. RESULTS The number of BrdU+ cells in C17.2 cells, NSCs and BMECs dramatically increased, as well as the expression of astrocyte marker protein GFAP and neuronal marker protein Tuj-1 in C17.2 and NSCs. Moreover, PA extract also increased the number of BrdU+DCX+, BrdU+GFAP+, BrdU+CD31+ cells in the SGZ area of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model (tMCAO) rats. TTC and HE staining revealed that PA extract significantly reduced the infarction volume and ameliorated the pathological damage. Behavioral tests demonstrated that treatment with PA extract reduced the mNSS score and the time required to remove adhesive tape, while increasing the time spent on the rotarod. Additionally, in the morris water maze test, the frequency of crossing platform and the time spent in the platform quadrant increased. Finally, RNA-Seq and Western blot revealed that PA extract increased the expression of p-ERK, p-CREB and BDNF. Importantly, PA extract mediated proliferation and differentiation of C17.2 and NSCs reversed by the ERK inhibitor SCH772984 and the BDNF inhibitor ANA-12, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that PA extract promoted neurogenesis and angiogenesis by activating the CREB/ERK signaling pathway and upregulating BDNF expression, thereby recovering neurological dysfunction in post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyan Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongpu Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xinyu Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Funeng Geng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical American Cockroach, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China.
| | - Hongyi Qi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Li M, Huan Y, Jiang T, He Y, Gao Z. Rehabilitation training enhanced the therapeutic effect of calycosin on neurological function recovery of rats following spinal cord injury. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 136:102384. [PMID: 38154570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calycosin (CA), a flavonoids component, has demonstrated potential neuroprotection effects by inhibiting oxidative stress in spinal cord injury (SCI) models. This study aims to investigate the impact of combined rehabilitation training (RT) and calycosin therapy on neurological function following SCI, primarily by assessing changes in motor function recovery, neuronal survival, neuronal oxidative stress levels, and neural proliferation, in order to provide novel insights for the treatment of SCI. MATERIALS AND METHODS The SCI model was constructed by compressing the spinal cord using vascular clamps. Calycosin was injected intraperitoneally into the SCI model rats, and a group of 5 rats underwent RT. The motor function of rats after SCI was evaluated using the Basso Beattle Bresnaha (BBB) score and the inclined plate test. Histopathological changes were evaluated by NeuN immunohistochemistry, HE and Nissl staining. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. The antioxidant effect of combined treatment was assessed by measuring changes in oxidative stress markers after SCI. Western blot analysis was conducted to examine changes in Hsp90-Akt/ASK1-p38 pathway-related proteins. Finally, cell proliferation was detected by BrdU and Ki67 assays. RESULTS RT significantly improved the BBB score and angle of incline promoted by calycosin, resulting in enhanced motor function recovery in rats with SCI. Combining rehabilitation training with calycosin has a positive effect on morphological recovery. Similarly, combined RT enhanced the Nissl and NeuN staining signals of spinal cord neurons increased by calycosin, thereby increasing the number of neurons. TUNEL staining results indicated that calycosin treatment reduced the apoptosis signal in SCI, and the addition of RT further reduced the apoptosis. Moreover, RT combined with calycosin reduced oxidative stress by increasing SOD and GSH levels, while decreasing MDA, NO, ROS, and LDH expressions compared to the calycosin alone. RT slightly enhanced the effect of calycosin in activating Hsp90 and Akt and inhibiting the activation of ASK1 and p38, leading to enhanced inhibition of oxidative stress by calycosin. Additionally, the proliferation indexes (Ki67 and BrdU) assays showed that calycosin treatment alone increased both, whereas the combination treatment further promoted cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Our research findings demonstrate that rehabilitation training enhances the ability of calycosin to reduce oxidative stress, resulting in a decrease in neuronal apoptosis and an increase in proliferation, ultimately promoting neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Yanqiang Huan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, China
| | - Tianqi Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, China
| | - Yongxiong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570216, China
| | - Zengxin Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing 211200, China.
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Kilic-Toprak E, Cort-Donmez A, Toprak I. Effects of Autologous Serum and Platelet-Rich Plasma on Human Corneal Endothelial Cell Regeneration: A Comparative Study. Eye Contact Lens 2024; 50:106-111. [PMID: 38019585 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000001056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of autologous serum (AS) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on human corneal endothelial cell (HCEC) proliferation and apoptosis in comparison to Y-27632 as the commonly studied Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor. METHODS The human corneal endothelial primary cell line was used for this study. As the treatment groups, HCECs were incubated with AS, PRP, and Y-27632, whereas the control group received no treatment. Cell proliferation (measured by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine [BrdU] incorporation) and apoptosis (based on the caspase-3 level) were compared between the control, Y-27632, AS, and PRP groups. RESULTS In the Y-27632, AS, and PRP groups, the ratios of BrdU-incorporated cells were significantly higher (115±0.2%, 125±0.2%, 122±0.4% at 24 hr, and 138±2.4%, 160±0.2%, 142±0.2% at 48 hr, respectively) than in the control group (100±18.4% at 24 hr, 100±1.1% at 48 hr) ( P <0.05 for all). Furthermore, AS provided a higher HCEC proliferation ratio compared with the Y-27632 group at 24 and 48 hr ( P <0.05 for all). Caspase-3 was significantly lower in the AS group (60.3±3.3%) than in the control (100±2.3%), Y-27632 (101.9±5.2%), and PRP (101±6.8%) groups ( P <0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrated for the first time that AS and PRP promoted HCEC proliferation and AS significantly decreased apoptosis in HCECs. A superior effect on HCEC proliferation was also observed with AS compared with Y-27632. Future "autologous" regenerative therapeutic options for corneal endothelial failure may involve the utilization of AS and PRP owing to their accessibility, simplicity in preparation, immunologic compatibility, and donor-free nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Kilic-Toprak
- Departments of Physiology (E.K.-T.), Biochemistry (A.C.-D.), and Ophthalmology (I.T.), Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Libalova H, Zavodna T, Margaryan H, Elzeinova F, Milcova A, Vrbova K, Barosova H, Cervena T, Topinka J, Rössner P. Differential DNA damage response and cell fate in human lung cells after exposure to genotoxic compounds. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 94:105710. [PMID: 37838151 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage can impair normal cellular functions and result in various pathophysiological processes including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We compared the genotoxic potential of diverse DNA damaging agents, and focused on their effects on the DNA damage response (DDR) and cell fate in human lung cells BEAS-2B. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs; benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), 1-nitropyrene (1-NP)] induced DNA strand breaks and oxidative damage to DNA; anticancer drugs doxorubicin (DOX) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) were less effective. DOX triggered the most robust p53 signaling indicating activation of DDR, followed by cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, induction of apoptosis and senescence, possibly due to the severe and irreparable DNA lesions. BrdU not only activated p53, but also increased the percentage of G1-phased cells and caused a massive accumulation of senescent cells. In contrast, regardless the activation of p53, both PAHs did not substantially affect the cell cycle distribution or senescence. Finally, a small fraction of cells accumulated only in the G2/M phase and exhibited increased cell death after the prolonged incubation with B[a]P. Overall, we characterized differential responses to diverse DNA damaging agents resulting in specific cell fate and highlighted the key role of DNA lesion type and the p53 signaling persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Libalova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Zavodna
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - H Margaryan
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Elzeinova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Milcova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Vrbova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - H Barosova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Cervena
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Rössner
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Cavalcanti BC, Soares BM, Barreto FS, Magalhães HIF, Ferreira JRDO, Almeida ATAD, Araújo Beserra Filho JI, Silva J, Dos Santos HS, Marinho ES, Furtado CLM, Moraes Filho MOD, Pessoa C, Ferreira PMP. Hellebrigenin triggers death of promyelocytic leukemia cells by non-genotoxic ways. Toxicon 2024; 238:107591. [PMID: 38160738 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Bufadienolides are digitalis-like aglycones mainly found in skin secretions of toads. Among their biological properties, the mechanisms of antiproliferative action on tumor cells remain unclear for many compounds, including against leukemia cells. Herein, it was evaluated the mechanisms involved in the antiproliferative and genotoxic actions of hellebrigenin on tumor cell lines and in silico capacity to inhibit the human topoisomerase IIa enzyme. Firstly, its cytotoxic action was investigated by colorimetric assays in human tumor and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Next, biochemical and morphological studies were detailed by light microscopy (trypan blue dye exclusion), immunocytochemistry (BrdU uptake), flow cytometry and DNA/chromosomal damages (Cometa and aberrations). Finally, computational modelling was used to search for topoisomerase inhibition. Hellebrigenin reduced proliferation, BrdU incorporation, viability, and membrane integrity of HL-60 leukemia cells. Additionally, it increased G2/M arrest, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial depolarization, and phosphatidylserine externalization in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast to doxorubicin, hellebrigenin did not cause DNA strand breaks in HL-60 cell line and lymphocytes, and it interacts with ATPase domain residues of human topoisomerase IIa, generating a complex of hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds. So, hellebrigenin presented potent anti-leukemic activity at concentrations as low as 0.06 μM, a value comparable to the clinical anticancer agent doxorubicin, and caused biochemical changes suggestive of apoptosis without genotoxic/clastogenic-related action, but it probably triggers catalytic inhibition of topoisomerase II. These findings also emphasize toad steroid toxins as promising lead antineoplasic compounds with relatively low cytotoxic action on human normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LOE), Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Bruno Marques Soares
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LOE), Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Francisco Stefânio Barreto
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LOE), Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Tárcila Alves de Almeida
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - José Ivo Araújo Beserra Filho
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Jacilene Silva
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Brazil
| | | | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Group of Theoretical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Libardi Miranda Furtado
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LOE), Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Experimental Biology Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes Filho
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LOE), Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Pessoa
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LOE), Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
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Barrientos-Bonilla AA, Pensado-Guevara PB, Puga-Olguín A, Nadella R, Sánchez-García ADC, Zavala-Flores LM, Villanueva-Olivo A, Cibrián-Llanderal IT, Rovirosa-Hernández MDJ, Hernandez-Baltazar D. BrdU does not induce hepatocellular damage in experimental Wistar rats. Acta Histochem 2024; 126:152117. [PMID: 38016413 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is used in studies related to cell proliferation and neurogenesis. The multiple intraperitoneal injections of this molecule could favor liver function profile changes. In this study, we evaluate the systemic and hepatocellular impact of BrdU in male adult Wistar rats in 30 %-partial hepatectomy (PHx) model. The rats received BrdU 50 mg/Kg by intraperitoneal injection at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 16 days after 30 %-PH. The rats were distributed into four groups as follows, control, sham, PHx/BrdU(-) and PHx/BrdU(+). On day 16, we evaluated hepatocellular nuclei and analyzed histopathological features by haematoxylin-eosin stain and apoptotic profile was qualified by caspase-3 presence. The systemic effect was evaluated by liver markers such as alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), bilirubin, total proteins and serum albumin content. The statistical analysis consisted of a student t-test and one-way ANOVA. BrdU did not induce apoptosis or hepatocellular damage in male rats. Multiple administrations of BrdU in male rats did not induce significant decrease body weight, but increased serum ALT and LDH levels were found. Our results show that the BrdU does not produce hepatocellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abraham Puga-Olguín
- Unidad de Salud Integrativa, Centro de EcoAlfabetización y Diálogo de Saberes, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Arnulfo Villanueva-Olivo
- Departamento de Histología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | | | - Daniel Hernandez-Baltazar
- Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico; Investigadoras e investigadores por México CONAHCyT-Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico.
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Li X, Bai Z, Li Z, Wang J, Yan X. Toosendanin Restrains Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting ZEB1/CTBP1 Interaction. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:123-133. [PMID: 37138491 PMCID: PMC10804237 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230501205149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is due to hyperactivation and proliferation of pulmonary fibroblasts. However, the exact mechanism is not clear. OBJECTIVE This study focused on the role of CTBP1 in lung fibroblast function, elaborated its regulation mechanism, and analyzed the relationship between CTBP1 and ZEB1. Meanwhile, the antipulmonary fibrosis effect and its molecular mechanism of Toosendanin were studied. METHODS Human IPF fibroblast cell lines (LL-97A and LL-29) and normal fibroblast cell lines (LL-24) were cultured in vitro. The cells were stimulated with FCS, PDGF-BB, IGF-1, and TGF-β1, respectively. BrdU detected cell proliferation. The mRNA expression of CTBP1 and ZEB1 was detected by QRT-PCR. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of COL1A1, COL3A1, LN, FN, and α-SMA proteins. An animal model of pulmonary fibrosis was established to analyze the effects of CTBP1 silencing on pulmonary fibrosis and lung function in mice. RESULTS CTBP1 was up-regulated in IPF lung fibroblasts. Silencing CTBP1 inhibits growth factor-driven proliferation and activation of lung fibroblasts. Overexpression of CTBP1 promotes growth factor-driven proliferation and activation of lung fibroblasts. Silencing CTBP1 reduced the degree of pulmonary fibrosis in mice with pulmonary fibrosis. Western blot, CO-IP, and BrdU assays confirmed that CTBP1 interacts with ZEB1 and promotes the activation of lung fibroblasts. Toosendanin can inhibit the ZEB1/CTBP1protein interaction and further inhibit the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSION CTBP1 can promote the activation and proliferation of lung fibroblasts through ZEB1. CTBP1 promotes lung fibroblast activation through ZEB1, thereby increasing excessive deposition of ECM and aggravating IPF. Toosendanin may be a potential treatment for pulmonary fibrosis. The results of this study provide a new basis for clarifying the molecular mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis and developing new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050005, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050041,China
| | - Zina Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050041,China
| | - Zhensheng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050041,China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050041,China
| | - Xixin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050005, China
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Du Y, Li Y, Zhao X, Yao Y, Wang B, Zhang L, Wang G. Psilocybin facilitates fear extinction in mice by promoting hippocampal neuroplasticity. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2983-2992. [PMID: 37000971 PMCID: PMC10752473 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are highly comorbid. Psilocybin exerts substantial therapeutic effects on depression by promoting neuroplasticity. Fear extinction is a key process in the mechanism of first-line exposure-based therapies for PTSD. We hypothesized that psilocybin would facilitate fear extinction by promoting hippocampal neuroplasticity. METHODS First, we assessed the effects of psilocybin on percentage of freezing time in an auditory cued fear conditioning (FC) and fear extinction paradigm in mice. Psilocybin was administered 30 min before extinction training. Fear extinction testing was performed on the first day; fear extinction retrieval and fear renewal were tested on the sixth and seventh days, respectively. Furthermore, we verified the effect of psilocybin on hippocampal neuroplasticity using Golgi staining for the dendritic complexity and spine density, Western blotting for the protein levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and immunofluorescence staining for the numbers of doublecortin (DCX)- and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells. RESULTS A single dose of psilocybin (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced the increase in the percentage of freezing time induced by FC at 24 h, 6th day and 7th day after administration. In terms of structural neuroplasticity, psilocybin rescued the decrease in hippocampal dendritic complexity and spine density induced by FC; in terms of neuroplasticity related proteins, psilocybin rescued the decrease in the protein levels of hippocampal BDNF and mTOR induced by FC; in terms of neurogenesis, psilocybin rescued the decrease in the numbers of DCX- and BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus induced by FC. CONCLUSIONS A single dose of psilocybin facilitated rapid and sustained fear extinction; this effect might be partially mediated by the promotion of hippocampal neuroplasticity. This study indicates that psilocybin may be a useful adjunct to exposure-based therapies for PTSD and other mental disorders characterized by failure of fear extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing 100850, China
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiangting Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing 100850, China
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases Basic Medical College of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154000, China
| | - Yishan Yao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Guyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
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Topçul M, Çetin İ. Effects of targeting highly expressed in cancer protein 1 (Hec1) inhibitor INH 1 in breast cancer cell lines In Vitro. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2023; 69:109-113. [PMID: 38279468 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2023.69.14.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, the in vitro antiproliferative effect of targeting highly expressed cancer protein 1 (Hec1) inhibitor INH1 was investigated in estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 cell line originating from an in situ carcinoma and triple negative MDA-MB-231 cell line originating from metastatic carcinoma. Cell viability, xCELLigence RTCA DP instrument CI values, MI, BrdU proliferation assay, and AI analyses were employed for this purpose. According to the findings of the current study, INH1 altered cell proliferation by lowering cell viability, CI, MI values, and BrdU proliferation while raising AI values in both cell lines. Between the experimental and control groups, there were noticeable changes (p<0.05). These findings imply that INH1's mode of action is not dependent on the presence of estrogen receptors, making it a potentially effective therapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Topçul
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - İdil Çetin
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Toltin AC, Belkadi A, Gamba LM, Hossain MM. The Preventive Effects of Salubrinal against Pyrethroid-Induced Disruption of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15614. [PMID: 37958604 PMCID: PMC10648946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors, including pesticide exposure, have been identified as substantial contributors to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments. Previously, we demonstrated that repeated exposure to deltamethrin induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, reduces hippocampal neurogenesis, and impairs cognition in adult mice. Here, we investigated the potential relationship between ER stress and hippocampal neurogenesis following exposure to deltamethrin, utilizing both pharmacological and genetic approaches. To investigate whether ER stress is associated with inhibition of neurogenesis, mice were given two intraperitoneal injections of eIf2α inhibitor salubrinal (1 mg/kg) at 24 h and 30 min prior to the oral administration of deltamethrin (3 mg/kg). Salubrinal prevented hippocampal ER stress, as indicated by decreased levels of C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) and transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and attenuated deltamethrin-induced reductions in BrdU-, Ki-67-, and DCX-positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. To further explore the relationship between ER stress and adult neurogenesis, we used caspase-12 knockout (KO) mice. The caspase-12 KO mice exhibited significant protection against deltamethrin-induced reduction of BrdU-, Ki-67-, and DCX-positive cells in the hippocampus. In addition, deltamethrin exposure led to a notable upregulation of CHOP and caspase-12 expression in a significant portion of BrdU- and Ki-67-positive cells in WT mice. Conversely, both salubrinal-treated mice and caspase-12 KO mice exhibited a considerably lower number of CHOP-positive cells in the hippocampus. Together, these findings suggest that exposure to the insecticide deltamethrin triggers ER stress-mediated suppression of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which may subsequently contribute to learning and memory deficits in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Muhammad M. Hossain
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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12
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涂 静, 黄 媛, 黄 莺, 吴 蒙, 王 瑞. [Photobiomodulation Promotes Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Improves Cognitive Function and Anti-Inflammatory Injury in Rats With Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 54:965-971. [PMID: 37866954 PMCID: PMC10579075 DOI: 10.12182/20230960202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on hippocampal neurogenesis, cognitive function, and inflammatory injury in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Methods Bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) was performed on female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. One week later, the rats were randomly assigned to three groups, Sham surgery (or Sham) group, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) group, and PBM intervention (or BCCAO+PBM) group. There were 8 rats in each group. In the BCCAO group, chronic cerebral hyporeperfusion was induced by permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries and no PBM was given. Rats in the Sham group underwent the same surgical procedure except for the occlusion of the two carotids arteries and no PBM was given. In addition to the BCCAO surgery, rats in the BCCAO+PBM group received 808 nm laser therapy (5 min each time at a laser dose of 20 mW/cm 2) of the frontal cortex every other day for 1 month. Between 86 and 90 days after BCCAO, Morris water maze (MWM) was used to observe the spatial learning and memory function of the rats. The rats were sacrificed on day 90 and immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were performed thereafter. Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the expression of 5-bromodeoxyuracil nucleoside (BrdU), a cell proliferation marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte marker, doublecortin (DCX), a specific marker of newborn neuron precursor cells, NeuN, a marker of mature neurons, and Iba1, a microglia marker, in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region. Western blot was performed to analyze the protein expressions of inflammasome components, NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, and Iba1 in the hippocampus. Results In the latency trial of MWM test, BCCAO+PBM rats spent shorter periods of time finding the underwater platform than the BCCAO rats did. In the probe trial, after the platform that was original placed in a quadrant was removed, the BCCAO+PBM rats spent longer periods of time exploring the quadrant than the BCCAO animals did ( P<0.05). Compared with BCCAO rats, BCCAO+PBM rats showed significant decrease in the immunofluorescence intensities of GFAP and Iba1 ( P<0.01). PBM intervention significantly increased the number of BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampal DG region compared with those of Sham and BCCAO groups ( P<0.05). Furthermore, the number of NeuN positive cells showed no significant difference among the three groups, while in BCCAO+PBM group, the number of DCX-positive cells was significantly increased ( P<0.001) and the number of DCX +/NeuN + co-located cells was significantly increased compared to that of the BCCAO group ( P<0.001). Compared with those of the BCCAO group, Western blot results showed that the protein expression levels of Iba1, NLRP3, and cleaved caspase-1 in the BCCAO+PBM group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), while the ASC protein expression level showed no significant difference. Conclusion PBM can effectively improve the spatial learning and memory function in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, inhibit the activation of glial cells, reduce inflammatory damage mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome, and promote the regeneration of endogenous neural stem cells in the hippocampal DG region of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- 静宜 涂
- 唐山职业技术学院基础医学部 病理教研室 (唐山 063000)Pathological Teaching and Research Division, Department of Basic Medicine, Tangshan Vocational and Technical College, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - 媛媛 黄
- 唐山职业技术学院基础医学部 病理教研室 (唐山 063000)Pathological Teaching and Research Division, Department of Basic Medicine, Tangshan Vocational and Technical College, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - 莺 黄
- 唐山职业技术学院基础医学部 病理教研室 (唐山 063000)Pathological Teaching and Research Division, Department of Basic Medicine, Tangshan Vocational and Technical College, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - 蒙 吴
- 唐山职业技术学院基础医学部 病理教研室 (唐山 063000)Pathological Teaching and Research Division, Department of Basic Medicine, Tangshan Vocational and Technical College, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - 瑞敏 王
- 唐山职业技术学院基础医学部 病理教研室 (唐山 063000)Pathological Teaching and Research Division, Department of Basic Medicine, Tangshan Vocational and Technical College, Tangshan 063000, China
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Yagi S, Lieblich SE, Galea LAM. High estradiol reduces adult neurogenesis but strengthens functional connectivity within the hippocampus during spatial pattern separation in adult female rats. Horm Behav 2023; 155:105409. [PMID: 37567060 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus plays an important role for pattern separation, the process of separating similar inputs and forming distinct neural representations. Estradiol modulates neurogenesis and hippocampus function, but to date no examination of estradiol's effects on pattern separation have been conducted. Here, we examined estrogenic regulation of adult neurogenesis and functional connectivity in the hippocampus after the spatial pattern separation task in female rats. Ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats received daily injections of vehicle, 0.32 μg (Low) or 5 μg (High) of estradiol benzoate until the end of experiment. A single bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected one day after initiation of hormone or vehicle treatment and rats were tested in the delayed nonmatching to position spatial pattern separation task in the 8-arm radial maze for 12 days beginning two weeks after BrdU injection. Rats were perfused 90 min after the final trial and brain sections were immunohistochemically stained for BrdU/neuronal nuclei (NeuN) (new neurons), Ki67 (cell proliferation), and the immediate early gene, zif268 (activation). Results showed that high, but not low, estradiol reduced the density of BrdU/NeuN-ir cells and had significant inter-regional correlations of zif268-ir cell density in the hippocampus following pattern separation. Estradiol treatment did not influence pattern separation performance or strategy use. These results show that higher doses of estradiol can reduce neurogenesis but at the same time increases correlations of activity of neurons within the hippocampus during spatial pattern separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Yagi
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Liisa A M Galea
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Djavad Mowifaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Zhu S, Sun J, Deng Y, Wang Q, Zhai Q. Dexmedetomidine attenuates sleep deprivation-induced inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis via VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling and inhibits neuroinflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115085. [PMID: 37392656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Long periods of sleep deprivation (SD) have serious effects on health. While the α2 adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine (DEX) can improve sleep quality for patients who have insomnia, the effect of DEX on cognition and mechanisms after SD remains elusive. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 20 h SD daily for seven days. DEX (100 μg/kg) was administered intravenously twice daily (at 1:00 p.m. and 3:00 p.m.) during seven days of SD. We found that systemic administration of DEX attenuated cognitive deficits by performing the Y maze and novel object recognition tests and increased DCX+, SOX2+, Ki67+, and BrdU+NeuN+/NeuN+ cell numbers in the dentate gyrus (DG) region of SD mice by using immunofluorescence, western blotting, and BrdU staining. DEX did not reverse the decrease in DCX+, SOX2+, or Ki67+ cell numbers in SD mice after administration of the α2A-adrenoceptor antagonist BRL-44408. Furthermore, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) expression was upregulated in SD+DEX mice compared with SD mice. Luminex analysis showed that the neurogenic effects of DEX were possibly related to the inhibition of neuroinflammation, including IL-1α, IL-2, CCL5, and CXCL1. Our results suggested that DEX alleviated the impaired learning and memory of SD mice potentially by inducing hippocampal neurogenesis via the VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling pathway and by suppressing neuroinflammation, and α2A adrenoceptors are required for the neurogenic effects of DEX after SD. This novel mechanism may add to our knowledge of DEX in the clinical treatment of impaired memory caused by SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yige Zheng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianyu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingying Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qian Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Hacioglu C, Kar F. Capsaicin induces redox imbalance and ferroptosis through ACSL4/GPx4 signaling pathways in U87-MG and U251 glioblastoma cells. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:393-408. [PMID: 35438378 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00983-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the deadliest malignant gliomas. Capsaicin is a homovanillic acid derivative that can show anti-cancer effects by regulating various signaling pathways. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of capsaicin on cell proliferation via ferroptosis in human U87-MG and U251 glioblastoma cells. Firstly, effects of capsaicin treatment on cell viability were determined by MTT analysis. Next, cellular-proliferation and cytotoxicity assays were determined by analyzing bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, respectively. Following, acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were determined by ELISA. Additionally, ACSL4 and GPx4 mRNA and protein levels were analyzed. Capsaicin showed a concentration-dependent anti-proliferative effects in U87-MG and U251 cells. Cell viability was decreased in the both cell lines treated with capsaicin concentrations above 50 μM, while LDH activity increased. Treatment of 121.6, 188.5, and 237.2 μM capsaicin concentrations for 24 h indicated an increase in ACSL4, 5-HETE, TOS and MDA levels in U87-MG and U251 cells (p < 0.05). On the other hand, we found that capsaicin administration caused a decrease in BrdU, GPx4, TAS and GSH levels in U87-MG and U251 cells (p < 0.05). Besides, ACSL4 mRNA and protein levels were increased in the glioblastoma cells treated with capsaicin, whereas GPx4 mRNA and protein levels were decreased. Finally, capsaicin might be used as a potential anticancer agent with ferroptosis-induced anti-proliferative effects in the treatment of human glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhan Hacioglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Kar
- Kütahya Health Sciences University Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kütahya, Turkey
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Hong L, Jiang H, Liu M, Zhao G, Shi X, Tan H, Peng D, Wang L, Chen W, He L. Investigation of Naoluoxintong on the neural stem cells by facilitating proliferation and differentiation in vitro and on protecting neurons by up-regulating the expression of nestin in MCAO rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 299:115684. [PMID: 36058480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The classic traditional Chinese compound Naoluoxintong (NLXT) has been proven an effective remedy for ischemic stroke (IS). The protective effect of NLXT on neural stem cells (NSCs), however, remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the protective effect of NLXT on NSCs in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and the effect of Nestin expression in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham-operated group, the MCAO model group and the NLXT group. The MCAO model in rats was established by modified Longa wire embolization method. The sham-operated group, the model group and the NLXT groups were divided into three subgroups according to the sampling time points of 1 d, 3 d and 7 d after successful model-making. Immunofluorescence staining, including bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), β-tubulinIII/GFAP, BrdU/doublecortin (DCX) and BrdU/neuronal nuclei (NeuN), was used to detect the proliferation and survival of NSCs in the hippocampal after drug administration. Protein expression of Nestin, DCX, GFAP and NeuN in the hippocampal was detected by Western blot (WB). RESULTS Immunofluorescence experiment of Nestin labeled: on the first day, a few Nestin-positive cells were found in the hippocampal DG area. Afterwards, the number of Nestin-labeled positive cells in the model group increased, while the number of cells in the sham group did not fluctuate significantly. The number of positive cells in each administration group increased more than that in the model and normal group. β-tubulin III/GFAP double-labeled: a small amount of double labeled cells was expressed in the normal group, and the number subsequently fluctuated little. In the model group, β-tubulin III/GFAP positive cells increased initially after acute ischemia, and gradually decreased afterwards. In the NLXT-treated group, β-Tubulin III positive cells were significantly increased on day 1, 3 and 7, while GFAP positive cells had little change. BrdU/DCX double-labeled: initially, a small number of BrdU/DCX-labeled positive cells were observed in the normal group and the model group, but there was no increasing trend over time. The positive cells in the NLXT group increased over time, and those in the seven-day group were significantly higher than those in the one-day and three-day groups. BrdU/NEUN double-labeled: in the normal group, BrdU/NEUN positive cells were enriched and distributed regularly. The number of positive cells in the model group was small and decreased gradually with time, and the decrease was most obvious on the third day. The number of positive cells in the NLXT group was significantly higher than that in the model group, and the number of positive cells in the seven-day group was significantly higher than that in the one-day and three-day groups. WB results reflected those three proteins, Nestin, NeuN and DCX, showed an increase in expression, except GFAP, which showed a decreasing trend. CONCLUSIONS Preliminarily, NLXT can promote the migration and differentiation of NSCs. It may have a protective effect on the brain by promoting repair of brain tissue damage through upregulation of Nestin after IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Huihui Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaibei People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, 235000, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Ling He
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
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Wang M, Chen X, Fu G, Ge M. Glutathione peroxidase 2 overexpression promotes malignant progression and cisplatin resistance of KRAS‑mutated lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2022; 48:207. [PMID: 36222298 PMCID: PMC9579749 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) aberrations frequently occur in patients with lung cancer. Oncogenic KRAS is characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, thus, ROS detoxification may contribute to KRAS‑driven lung tumorigenesis. In the present study, the influence of glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2) on malignant progression and cisplatin resistance of KRAS‑driven lung cancer was explored. The RNA sequencing data from TCGA lung cancer samples and GEO database were downloaded and analyzed. The effects of GPX2 on KRAS‑driven lung tumorigenesis were evaluated by western blotting, cell viability assay, soft agar assay, Transwell assay, tumor xenograft model, flow cytometry, BrdU incorporation assay, transcriptome RNA sequencing, luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. In the present study, GPX2 was upregulated in patients with non‑small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and positively correlated with poor overall survival. Ectopic GPX2 expression facilitated malignant progression of KRASG12C‑transformed BEAS‑2B cells. Moreover, GPX2 overexpression promoted growth, migration, invasion, tumor xenograft growth and cisplatin resistance of KRAS‑mutated NSCLC cells, while GPX2 knockdown exhibited the opposite effects. GPX2 overexpression reduced ROS accumulation and increased matrix metalloproteinase‑1 (MMP1) expression in KRAS‑mutated NSCLC cells. In addition, GPX2 was directly targeted by miR‑325‑3p, while MMP1 knockdown or miR‑325‑3p overexpression partially abrogated the effects of GPX2 in NSCLC cells. In conclusion, the results indicated that GPX2 facilitated malignant progression and cisplatin resistance of KRAS‑driven lung cancer, and inhibition of GPX2 may be a feasible strategy for lung cancer treatment, particularly in patients with active KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Guang Fu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Mingjian Ge
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Mingjian Ge, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Lin CJ, Chen JT, Yeh LJ, Yang RC, Huang SM, Chen TW. Characteristics of the Cytotoxicity of Taraxacum mongolicum and Taraxacum formosanum in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911918. [PMID: 36233219 PMCID: PMC9570343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease that has been clinically divided into three main subtypes: estrogen receptor (ER)- and progesterone receptor (PR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER 2)-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). With its high metastatic potential and resistance to endocrine therapy, HER 2-targeted therapy, and chemotherapy, TNBC represents an enormous clinical challenge. The genus Taraxacum is used to treat breast cancer in traditional medicine. Here, we applied aqueous extracts from two Taraxacum species, T. mongolicum and T. formosanum, to compare their potential antitumor effects against three human breast cancer cell lines: MDA-MB-231 (ER−, PR−, and HER2−), ZR-75-1 (ER+, PR+/−, and HER2−), and MCF-7 (ER+, PR+, and HER2−). Our results show that T. mongolicum exerted cytotoxic effects against MDA-MB-231 cells, including the induction of apoptosis, the reduction of cell proliferation, the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and/or the downregulation of the oxygen consumption rate. Both T. mongolicum and T. formosanum decreased cell migration and colony formation in the three cell-lines and exerted suppressive effects on MCF-7 cell proliferation based on metabolic activity and BrdU incorporation, but an enhanced proliferation of ZR-75-1 cells based on BrdU incorporation. T. formosanum induced ribotoxic stress in MDA-MB-231and ZR-75-1 cells; T. mongolicum did not. In summary, these findings suggest that T. mongolicum showed greater cytotoxicity against all three tested breast cancer cell lines, especially the TNBC MDA-MB-231 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Jung Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tuo Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Jhen Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Chi Yang
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Wei Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +88-62-8792-3311 (ext. 12857)
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Feng Y, Wang K, Wang N, Jia P, Zhang L, Yuan H, Lu P, Lu Y, Zhang H, Li R, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zhang P. Tetramethylpyrazine protects neural stem cells against sevoflurane-induced toxicity through Akt/GSK-3β pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2457-2466. [PMID: 35838869 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sevoflurane, a commonly used anesthetic, has been found to cause neural stem cell (NSC) injury, thereby contributing to neurocognitive impairment following general anesthesia. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), one of the most widely used medicinal compounds isolated from a traditional Chinese herb, possess neuroprotective activity. However, its effect on sevoflurane-induced NSC injury remains unclear. NSCs were pretreated with indicated concentrations of TMP for 2 h and then exposed to sevoflurane for 6 h. Cell injury was measured using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Cell viability and proliferation were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling, respectively. Apoptotic cells were detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The levels of cleaved caspase-3, phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt) and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) were detected by western blotting. Our results showed exposure to sevoflurane decreased the viability and proliferation of NSCs, while TMP preserved NSC viability and proliferation after sevoflurane exposure. In addition, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL positive cells were markedly decreased in TMP-treated NSCs compared with the control. Furthermore, pretreatment with TMP significantly increased the levels of phosphorylated Akt and GSK-3β in sevoflurane-injured NSCs. However, an upstream inhibitor of Akt, LY294002 abolished the protective of TMP on the cell viability of NSCs. In conclusion, these findings indicate that TMP protects NSCs from sevoflurane-induced toxicity through Akt/GSK-3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengyu Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haozheng Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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20
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Ivanova A, Gruzova O, Ermolaeva E, Astakhova O, Itaman S, Enikolopov G, Lazutkin A. Synthetic Thymidine Analog Labeling without Misconceptions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121888. [PMID: 35741018 PMCID: PMC9220989 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tagging proliferating cells with thymidine analogs is an indispensable research tool; however, the issue of the potential in vivo cytotoxicity of these compounds remains unresolved. Here, we address these concerns by examining the effects of BrdU and EdU on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and EdU on the perinatal somatic development of mice. We show that, in a wide range of doses, EdU and BrdU label similar numbers of cells in the dentate gyrus shortly after administration. Furthermore, whereas the administration of EdU does not affect the division and survival of neural progenitor within 48 h after injection, it does affect cell survival, as evaluated 6 weeks later. We also show that a single injection of various doses of EdU on the first postnatal day does not lead to noticeable changes in a panel of morphometric criteria within the first week; however, higher doses of EdU adversely affect the subsequent somatic maturation and brain growth of the mouse pups. Our results indicate the potential caveats in labeling the replicating DNA using thymidine analogs and suggest guidelines for applying this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ivanova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 117485, Russia; (A.I.); (O.G.); (E.E.); (O.A.)
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olesya Gruzova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 117485, Russia; (A.I.); (O.G.); (E.E.); (O.A.)
| | - Elizaveta Ermolaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 117485, Russia; (A.I.); (O.G.); (E.E.); (O.A.)
| | - Olga Astakhova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 117485, Russia; (A.I.); (O.G.); (E.E.); (O.A.)
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sheed Itaman
- Center for Developmental Genetics and Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Graduate Program in Neurobiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Grigori Enikolopov
- Center for Developmental Genetics and Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Correspondence: (G.E.); (A.L.)
| | - Alexander Lazutkin
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 117485, Russia; (A.I.); (O.G.); (E.E.); (O.A.)
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Center for Developmental Genetics and Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Correspondence: (G.E.); (A.L.)
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21
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Shi YW, Qin XJ, Zeng C, Zhang XR. [Effects of typical PKC subtypes on the proliferation of mouse pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and the expression of ERK1/2 and Akt induced by hypoxia]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2022; 45:460-467. [PMID: 35527461 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20211022-00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To study the effects of specific isoforms of classic protein kinase C (cPKCs) on hypoxia-induced proliferation and the expression of ERK1/2 and Akt using drug intervention or virus transfection in vitro. Methods: Dynal MPC-1 magnetic particle concentrator was used to separate iron-containing pulmonary arterioles fragments, and the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were primary cultured and identified. The cells were intervened by PKC agonist (PMA), PKCα inhibitor (safingol), PKCβⅠ inhibitor (Go6976) and PKCβⅡ inhibitor (LY333531) respectively, and the changes in protein expressions of cPKCs, and the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and Akt were observed by immunoblotting under the condition of normal oxygen or hypoxia. The lentiviral vectors of PKCα and PKCβ were used to specifically knock-down the activity of target genes by virus transfection techniques, and Western blotting was used to observe the protein expressions of cPKCs, and the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and Akt in hypoxia-induced PASMCs in mice. Results: With Brdu method, the proliferation of PASMCs induced by hypoxia was significantly inhibited by safingol, Go6976 and LY333531 by inhibiting cPKCα, βⅠ and βⅡ respectively. Compared with the hypoxic control group, the rates of Brdu positive cells were (7.35±0.26)% vs (11.28±0.43)%, (3.76±0.25)% vs (7.98±0.28)% and (4.12±0.46)% vs (7.78±0.53)%. We also observed that PMA could significantly promote the proliferation of PASMCs under normoxic condition. Compared with the normoxia control group, the Brdu-positive cell rates were (9.65±0.47)% vs (6.34±0.52)%, (9.34±0.38)% vs (5.42±0.21)% and (7.78±0.53)% vs (4.12±0.46)%. In addition, after transfection with PKCα or PKCβ lentiviral vector, the proliferation of PASMCs was significantly lower in hypoxia transfection group than in the control group. The rates of Brdu positive cells were (3.58±0.54)% vs (5.97±0.63)%, respectively. Using Western blotting, we also observed that after being inhibited by safingol, Go6976 and LY333531 respectively, the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and Akt in PASMCs induced by hypoxia was significantly lower than the control group. After using safingol, the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and Akt were (0.56±0.07) vs (1.08±0.13) and (0.49±0.04) vs (0.97±0.08). After using Go6976, the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and Akt were (0.41±0.09) vs (0.79±0.10) and (0.48±0.09) vs (0.82±0.16), after using LY333531, the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and Akt were (0.42±0.03) vs (0.87±0.06) and (0.34±0.07) vs (0.78±0.05). While PMA could promote the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and Akt under normoxic condition, 1.25±0.12 vs 0.41±0.07 and 0.98±0.06 vs 0.37±0.08, respectively. Using transfection technique to specifically knock down the expression of cPKCα and β, we found that under hypoxic conditions, transfection of PASMCs could significantly lower the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, its phosphorylation level was 0.29±0.06 vs 0.76±0.05, with no evident change in the phosphorylation levels of Akt. Conclusions: Hypoxia may lead to phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by promoting the protein expression of cPKCα, cPKCβⅠ and cPKCβⅡ respectively, which eventually induces abnormal proliferation of PASMCs from the distal pulmonary arteries, participating in the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) of the mice. Regulation of the expression of cPKCα, cPKCβⅠ and cPKCβⅡ may help to attenuate the formation of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Target therapy based on cPKCs is expected to be a new direction for HPH therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - X J Qin
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - C Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - X R Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China
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22
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Pagel CN, Kularathna PK, Sanaei R, Young ND, Hooper JD, Mackie EJ. Protease-activated receptor-2 dependent and independent responses of bone cells to prostate cancer cell secretory products. Prostate 2022; 82:723-739. [PMID: 35167724 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic prostate cancer lesions in the skeleton are frequently characterized by excessive formation of bone. Prostate cancer cells secrete factors, including serine proteases, that are capable of influencing the behavior of surrounding cells. Some of these proteases activate protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2 ), which is expressed by osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) and precursors of osteoclasts (bone-resorbing cells). The aim of the current study was to investigate a possible role for PAR2 in regulating the behavior of bone cells exposed to metastatic prostate cancer cells. METHODS The effect of medium conditioned by the PC3, DU145, and MDA-PCa-2b prostate cancer cell lines was investigated in assays of bone cell function using cells isolated from wildtype and PAR2 -null mice. Osteoclast differentiation was assessed by counting tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleate cells in bone marrow cultured in osteoclastogenic medium. Osteoblasts were isolated from calvariae of neonatal mice, and BrdU incorporation was used to assess their proliferation. Assays of alkaline phosphatase activity and quantitative PCR analysis of osteoblastic gene expression were used to assess osteoblast differentiation. Responses of osteoblasts to medium conditioned by MDA-PCa-2b cells were analyzed by RNAseq. RESULTS Conditioned medium (CM) from all three cell lines inhibited osteoclast differentiation independently of PAR2 . Media from PC3 and DU145 cells had no effect on assays of osteoblast function. Medium conditioned by MDA-PCa-2b cells stimulated BrdU incorporation in both wildtype and PAR2 -null osteoblasts but increased alkaline phosphatase activity and Runx2 and Col1a1 expression in wildtype but not PAR2 -null cells. Functional enrichment analysis of RNAseq data identified enrichment of multiple gene ontology terms associated with lysosomal function in both wildtype and PAR2 -null cells in response to MDA-PCa-2b-CM. Analysis of individual genes identified osteogenesis-associated genes that were either upregulated by MDA-PCa-2b-CM selectively in wildtype cells or downregulated selectively in PAR2 -null cells. CONCLUSIONS Factors secreted by prostate cancer cells influence bone cell behavior through both PAR2 -dependent and -independent mechanisms. Both PAR2 -independent suppression of osteoclast differentiation and PAR2 -dependent stimulation of osteogenesis are likely to determine the nature of prostate cancer metastases in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Pagel
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pamu K Kularathna
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Reza Sanaei
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neil D Young
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John D Hooper
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eleanor J Mackie
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Liu X, Cui MM, Zhu HZ, Fu PY, Wang GC, Huang L. MiR-199a-3p Overexpression Suppressed Cell Proliferation and Sensitized Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Cells to Imatinib by Inhibiting mTOR Signalling. Acta Haematol 2022; 145:484-498. [PMID: 35313299 DOI: 10.1159/000524158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by constitutive activity of the tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL1. Drug resistance remains one of the major challenges in CML therapy. MicroRNA (miR)-199a-3p plays an important role in many tumours but has rarely been investigated in CML. We aimed to analyse the role and mechanism of miR-199a-3p in regulating imatinib resistance in CML. METHODS The expression of miR-199a-3p and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the serum of CML patients and CML cells was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The levels of apoptosis-related proteins were determined using western blot. The relative cell survival rate and cell proliferation were determined using a CCK-8 assay and a bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay, respectively. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analysed using flow cytometry. Moreover, a dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the correlation between miR-199a-3p and mTOR. RESULTS MiR-199a-3p was downregulated in the serum of CML patients and in CML cells, while mTOR was upregulated. Both miR-199a-3p overexpression and mTOR silencing inhibited CML cell proliferation, promoted CML cell apoptosis, and sensitized these cells to imatinib. mTOR silencing reversed the promoting effect of miR-199a-3p inhibition on the proliferation of CML cells and the inhibitory effects on cell apoptosis and sensitivity to imatinib. MiR-199a-3p directly targeted mTOR. CONCLUSION MiR-199a-3p suppressed cell propagation, facilitated apoptosis of CML cells, and sensitized CML cells to imatinib by downregulating mTOR signalling.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Bromodeoxyuridine/pharmacology
- Bromodeoxyuridine/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Luciferases/pharmacology
- Luciferases/therapeutic use
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Miao-Miao Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guiyang Second People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Hai-Zhen Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Pei-Yi Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Guo-Chuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
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Samaddar S, Purkayastha S, Diallo S, Tantry SJ, Schroder R, Chanthrakumar P, Flory MJ, Banerjee P. The G Protein-Coupled Serotonin 1A Receptor Augments Protein Kinase Cε-Mediated Neurogenesis in Neonatal Mouse Hippocampus-PKCε-Mediated Signaling in the Early Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041962. [PMID: 35216076 PMCID: PMC8878481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) plays an important role in mood disorders. It has been demonstrated that 5-HT signaling through 5-HT1A receptors (5-HT1A-R) is crucial for early postnatal hippocampal development and later-life behavior. Although this suggests that 5-HT1A-R signaling regulates early brain development, the mechanistic underpinnings of this process have remained unclear. Here we show that stimulation of the 5-HT1A-R at postnatal day 6 (P6) by intrahippocampal infusion of the agonist 8-OH-DPAT (D) causes signaling through protein kinase Cε (PKCε) and extracellular receptor activated kinase ½ (ERK1/2) to boost neuroblast proliferation in the dentate gyrus (DG), as displayed by an increase in bromodeoxy-uridine (BrdU), doublecortin (DCX) double-positive cells. This boost in neuroproliferation was eliminated in mice treated with D in the presence of a 5-HT1A-R antagonist (WAY100635), a selective PKCε inhibitor, or an ERK1/2-kinase (MEK) inhibitor (U0126). It is believed that hippocampal neuro-progenitors undergoing neonatal proliferation subsequently become postmitotic and enter the synaptogenesis phase. Double-staining with antibodies against bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) confirmed that 5-HT1A-R → PKCε → ERK1/2-mediated boosted neuroproliferation at P6 also leads to an increase in BrdU-labeled granular neurons at P36. This 5-HT1A-R-mediated increase in mature neurons was unlikely due to suppressed apoptosis, because terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling analysis showed no difference in DNA terminal labeling between vehicle and 8-OH-DPAT-infused mice. Therefore, 5-HT1A-R signaling through PKCε may play an important role in micro-neurogenesis in the DG at P6, following which many of these new-born neuroprogenitors develop into mature neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreyashi Samaddar
- Department of Physical Therapy, The College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA;
| | | | | | | | - Ryan Schroder
- Eurofins Lancaster PSS, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA;
| | | | - Michael J. Flory
- Research Design and Analysis Service, New York State Institute for Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA;
| | - Probal Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Developmental Neuroscience, The College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-718-982-3938; Fax: +1-718-982-3953
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Zdrowowicz M, Spisz P, Hać A, Herman-Antosiewicz A, Rak J. Influence of Hypoxia on Radiosensitization of Cancer Cells by 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031429. [PMID: 35163354 PMCID: PMC8836255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a crucial cancer treatment, but its outcome is still far from satisfactory. One of the reasons that cancer cells show resistance to ionizing radiation is hypoxia, defined as a low level of oxygenation, which is typical for solid tumors. In the hypoxic environment, cancer cells are 2–3 times more resistant to ionizing radiation than normoxic cells. To overcome this important impediment, radiosensitizers should be introduced to cancer therapy. When modified with an electrophilic substituent, nucleosides may undergo efficient dissociative electron attachment (DEA) that leaves behind nucleoside radicals, which, in secondary reactions, are able to induce DNA damage, leading to cancer cell death. We report the radiosensitizing effect of one of the best-known DEA-type radiosensitizers—5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU)—on breast (MCF-7) and prostate (PC3) cancer cells under both normoxia and hypoxia. MCF-7 and PC3 cells were treated with BrdU to investigate the effect of hypoxia on cell proliferation, incorporation into DNA and radiosensitivity. While the oxygen concentration did not significantly affect the efficiency of BrdU incorporation into DNA or the proliferation of tumor cells, the radiosensitizing effect of BrdU on hypoxic cells was more evident than on normoxic cells. Further mechanistic studies performed with the use of flow cytometry showed that under hypoxia, BrdU increased the level of histone H2A.X phosphorylation after X-ray exposure to a greater extent than under normal oxygenation conditions. These results confirm that the formation of double-strand breaks in hypoxic BrdU-treated cancer cells is more efficient. In addition, by performing stationary radiolysis of BrdU solution in the presence of an ●OH radical scavenger, we compared the degree of its electron-induced degradation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It was determined that radiodegradation under anaerobic conditions was almost twice as high as that under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zdrowowicz
- Laboratory of Biological Sensitizers, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Paulina Spisz
- Laboratory of Biological Sensitizers, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Hać
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.H.); (A.H.-A.)
| | - Anna Herman-Antosiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.H.); (A.H.-A.)
| | - Janusz Rak
- Laboratory of Biological Sensitizers, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.Z.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-523-51-18
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Martí-Clúa J. Incorporation of 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine into DNA and Proliferative Behavior of Cerebellar Neuroblasts: All That Glitters Is Not Gold. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061453. [PMID: 34200598 PMCID: PMC8229392 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic halogenated pyrimidine analog, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), is a marker of DNA synthesis. This exogenous nucleoside has generated important insights into the cellular mechanisms of the central nervous system development in a variety of animals including insects, birds, and mammals. Despite this, the detrimental effects of the incorporation of BrdU into DNA on proliferation and viability of different types of cells has been frequently neglected. This review will summarize and present the effects of a pulse of BrdU, at doses ranging from 25 to 300 µg/g, or repeated injections. The latter, following the method of the progressively delayed labeling comprehensive procedure. The prenatal and perinatal development of the cerebellum are studied. These current data have implications for the interpretation of the results obtained by this marker as an index of the generation, migration, and settled pattern of neurons in the developing central nervous system. Caution should be exercised when interpreting the results obtained using BrdU. This is particularly important when high or repeated doses of this agent are injected. I hope that this review sheds light on the effects of this toxic maker. It may be used as a reference for toxicologists and neurobiologists given the broad use of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine to label dividing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Martí-Clúa
- Unidad de Citología e Histología, Departament de Biologia Cellular, de Fisiologia i d'Immunologia, Facultad de Biociencias, Institut de Neurociències, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Mashiach D, Bacasen EM, Singh S, Kao T, Yaramada L, Mishail D, Singh S, Miller JH. Enhanced characterization of the thyA system for mutational analysis in Escherichia coli: Defining mutationally "hot" regions of the gene. Mutat Res 2021; 823:111754. [PMID: 34091127 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2021.111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have extensively characterized base substitution mutations in the 795 base pair (bp) long E. coli thyA gene to define as many of the base substitution mutational sites that inactivate the gene as possible. The resulting catalog of mutational sites constitutes a system with up to 5 times as many sites for monitoring each of the six base substitution mutations as the widely used rpoB/Rifr system. We have defined 75 sites for the G:C -> A:T transition, 68 sites for the G:C -> T:A transversion, 53 sites for the G:C -> C:G transversion, 49 sites for the A:T -> G:C transition, 39 sites for the A:T -> T:A transversion, and 59 sites for the A:T -> C:G transversion. The system is thus comprised of 343 base substitution mutations at 232 different base pairs, all of which can be sequenced with a single primer pair. This allows for the examination of mutational spectra using a more detailed probe of known mutations, while still allowing one to compare the number of repeated occurrences at specific sites. We have examined several mutagens and mutators with this system, and show its utility by looking at the spectrum of cisplatin, that has a single hotspot, underscoring the value of having as large an array of sites as possible at which one can monitor repeat occurrences. To test for regions of the gene that might be hotspots for a number of mutagens, or "hot" (mutaphilic) regions, we have looked at the ratio of mutations per set of an equal number of mutational sites throughout the gene. The resulting graphs suggest that there are "hot" regions at intervals, and this may reflect aspects of secondary structures, of the higher order structure of the chromosome, or perhaps the nucleoid structure of the chromosome plus histone-like protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mashiach
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, and The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, and the David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Erin Mae Bacasen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, and The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, and the David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Sunjum Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, and The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, and the David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Timothy Kao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, and The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, and the David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Lekha Yaramada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, and The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, and the David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Daniel Mishail
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, and The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, and the David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Summer Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, and The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, and the David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Jeffrey H Miller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, and The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, and the David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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Li YQ, Wong CS. Metabolic Regulation of Hippocampal Neuronal Development and Its Inhibition After Irradiation. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:467-475. [PMID: 33706379 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
5'-Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, plays a role in cell fate determination. Whether AMPK regulates hippocampal neuronal development remains unclear. Hippocampal neurogenesis is abrogated after DNA damage. Here, we asked whether AMPK regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its inhibition following irradiation. Adult Cre-lox mice deficient in AMPK in brain, and wild-type mice were used in a birth-dating study using bromodeoxyuridine to evaluate hippocampal neurogenesis. There was no evidence of AMPK or phospho-AMPK immunoreactivity in hippocampus. Increase in p-AMPK but not AMPK expression was observed in granule neurons and subgranular neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) in the dentate gyrus within 24 hours and persisted up to 9 weeks after irradiation. AMPK deficiency in Cre-lox mice did not alter neuroblast and newborn neuron numbers but resulted in decreased newborn and proliferating NPCs. Inhibition of neurogenesis was observed after irradiation regardless of genotypes. In Cre-lox mice, there was further loss of newborn early NPCs and neuroblasts but not newborn neurons after irradiation compared with wild-type mice. These results are consistent with differential negative effect of AMPK on hippocampal neuronal development and its inhibition after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Li
- From the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Shun Wong
- From the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Rivera HM, Muñoz EN, Osuna D, Florez M, Carvajal M, Gómez LA. Reciprocal Changes in miRNA Expression with Pigmentation and Decreased Proliferation Induced in Mouse B16F1 Melanoma Cells by L-Tyrosine and 5-Bromo-2'-Deoxyuridine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041591. [PMID: 33562431 PMCID: PMC7914888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many microRNAs have been identified as critical mediators in the progression of melanoma through its regulation of genes involved in different cellular processes such as melanogenesis, cell cycle control, and senescence. However, microRNAs’ concurrent participation in syngeneic mouse B16F1 melanoma cells simultaneously induced decreased proliferation and differential pigmentation by exposure to 5-Brd-2′-dU (5’Bromo-2-deoxyuridine) and L-Tyr (L-Tyrosine) respectively, is poorly understood. Aim: To evaluate changes in the expression of microRNAs and identify which miRNAs in-network may contribute to the functional bases of phenotypes of differential pigmentation and reduction of proliferation in B16F1 melanoma cells exposed to 5-Brd-2′-dU and L-Tyr. Methods: Small RNAseq evaluation of the expression profiles of miRNAs in B16F1 melanoma cells exposed to 5-Brd-2′-dU (2.5 μg/mL) and L-Tyr (5 mM), as well as the expression by qRT-PCR of some molecular targets related to melanogenesis, cell cycle, and senescence. By bioinformatic analysis, we constructed network models of regulation and co-expression of microRNAs. Results: We confirmed that stimulation or repression of melanogenesis with L-Tyr or 5-Brd-2′-dU, respectively, generated changes in melanin concentration, reduction in proliferation, and changes in expression of microRNAs 470-3p, 470-5p, 30d-5p, 129-5p, 148b-3p, 27b-3p, and 211-5p, which presented patterns of coordinated and reciprocal co-expression, related to changes in melanogenesis through their putative targets Mitf, Tyr and Tyrp1, and control of cell cycle and senescence: Cyclin D1, Cdk2, Cdk4, p21, and p27. Conclusions: These findings provide insights into the molecular biology of melanoma of the way miRNAs are coordinated and reciprocal expression that may operate in a network as molecular bases for understanding changes in pigmentation and decreased proliferation induced in B16F1 melanoma cells exposed to L-Tyr and 5-Brd-2′-dU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Mauricio Rivera
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (H.M.R.); (E.N.M.)
- Molecular Physiology Group, Sub-Direction of Scientific and Technological Research, Direction of Public Health Research, National Institute of Health, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Esther Natalia Muñoz
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (H.M.R.); (E.N.M.)
- Molecular Physiology Group, Sub-Direction of Scientific and Technological Research, Direction of Public Health Research, National Institute of Health, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Daniel Osuna
- Science Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (D.O.); (M.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Mauro Florez
- Science Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (D.O.); (M.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Michael Carvajal
- Science Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (D.O.); (M.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Luis Alberto Gómez
- Molecular Physiology Group, Sub-Direction of Scientific and Technological Research, Direction of Public Health Research, National Institute of Health, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- Correspondence:
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Zhou L, Yang F, Yin JW, Gu X, Xu Y, Liang YQ. Compound K induces neurogenesis of neural stem cells in thrombin induced nerve injury through LXRα signaling in mice. Neurosci Lett 2020; 729:135007. [PMID: 32371156 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes neurological function deficit due to the loss of neurons surrounding the hematoma. Increased neurogenesis of endogenous neural stem cells (EnNSCs) is believed to increase cell proliferation and differentiation, thereby improving the neurological deficit. However, there are still limited drugs that are effective for treating neurological deficit. So, the effects of compound K (CK) in EnNSCs were measured after thrombin-induced mice models both in vivo and in vitro, and investigated the probable mechanisms of CK during pro-neurogenesis. The results revealed that 10 μM CK promotes neurogenesis, proliferation and reduces apoptosis of EnNSCs after induction by thrombin. After that, CK treatment increased the neurogenesis of EnNSCs through liver X receptor α (LXRα) signaling pathway using adeno-associated virus knockdown and knocked out mice of LXRα gene. Finally, intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg CK improved the neurogenesis of subventricular zone (SVZ), myelin repair and behavioral deficit after stereotaxic injection of thrombin in the basal ganglia of mice, and this process involved LXRα. These observations provided evidence regarding the effect of CK in pro-neurogenesis via LXRα activation, and suggested further evaluation of it due to its potential role as an effective modulator in the treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- Joint Surgery, General Hospital of Tibetan Military Command Lhasa, Lhasa, China
| | - Jie-Wen Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yue-Qin Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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Kathner-Schaffert C, Karapetow L, Günther M, Rudolph M, Dahab M, Baum E, Lehmann T, Witte OW, Redecker C, Schmeer CW, Keiner S. Early Stroke Induces Long-Term Impairment of Adult Neurogenesis Accompanied by Hippocampal-Mediated Cognitive Decline. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121654. [PMID: 31861141 PMCID: PMC6953020 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke increases neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus in the short term, however, long-term effects at the cellular and functional level are poorly understood. Here we evaluated the impact of an early stroke lesion on neurogenesis and cognitive function of the aging brain. We hypothesized that a stroke disturbs dentate neurogenesis during aging correlate with impaired flexible learning. To address this issue a stroke was induced in 3-month-old C57Bl/6 mice by a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). To verify long-term changes of adult neurogenesis the thymidine analogue BrdU (5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine) was administrated at different time points during aging. One and half months after BrdU injections learning and memory performance were assessed with a modified version of the Morris water maze (MWM) that includes the re-learning paradigm, as well as hippocampus-dependent and -independent search strategies. After MWM performance mice were transcardially perfused. To further evaluate in detail the stroke-mediated changes on stem- and progenitor cells as well as endogenous proliferation nestin-green-fluorescent protein (GFP) mice were used. Adult nestin-GFP mice received a retroviral vector injection in the hippocampus to evaluate changes in the neuronal morphology. At an age of 20 month the nestin-GFP mice were transcardially perfused after MWM performance and BrdU application 1.5 months later. The early stroke lesion significantly decreased neurogenesis in 7.5- and 9-month-old animals and also endogenous proliferation in the latter group. Furthermore, immature doublecortin (DCX)-positive neurons were reduced in 20-month-old nestin-GFP mice after lesion. All MCAO groups showed an impaired performance in the MWM and mostly relied on hippocampal-independent search strategies. These findings indicate that an early ischemic insult leads to a dramatical decline of neurogenesis during aging that correlates with a premature development of hippocampal-dependent deficits. Our study supports the notion that an early stroke might lead to long-term cognitive deficits as observed in human patients after lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Kathner-Schaffert
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Lina Karapetow
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Madlen Günther
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Max Rudolph
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Mahmoud Dahab
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Eileen Baum
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Thomas Lehmann
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computer Science, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Otto W. Witte
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Christoph Redecker
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Christian W. Schmeer
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Silke Keiner
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-364-1932-5914
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Drositis I, Kontopodis E, Saloustros E, Androulakis N. Interaction of brivudine with capecitabine: A case of serious toxicity. J BUON 2019; 24:2579. [PMID: 31983140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Drositis
- Department of Oncology, "Venizeleio-Pa.G.N.H" General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Liu J, Ying Y, Wang S, Li J, Xu J, Lv P, Chen J, Zhou C, Liu Y, Wu Y, Huang Y, Chen Y, Chen L, Tu S, Zhao W, Yang M, Hu Y, Zhang R, Zhang D. The effects and mechanisms of GM-CSF on endometrial regeneration. Cytokine 2019; 125:154850. [PMID: 31557635 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial injury can result in thin endometrium and subfertility. Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) contributes to tissue repair, but its role in endometrial regeneration has not been investigated. METHODS To determine the effect of GM-CSF on endometrial regeneration, we established a mouse model of thin endometrium by uterine perfusion with 20 μL 90% ethanol. Thin endometrium in mice was featured by lowered endometrial thickness, decreased expression of Ki67 in glandular cells, and a reduced number of implantation sites. To explore the mechanism of GM-CSF on endometrial regeneration, endometrium was obtained from patients undergoing hysterectomy or hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy. Effects of GM-CSF on primary cultured human endometrial glandular and stromal cells were examined by the 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) proliferation assay and transwell migration assay, followed by exploration of the potential signaling pathway. RESULTS GM-CSF intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection significantly increased endometrial thickness, expression of Ki67 in endometrial glandular cells, and the number of implantation sites. GM-CSF significantly promoted proliferation of primary human endometrial glandular cells and migration of stromal cells. GM-CSF activated p-Akt and increased expressions of p70S6K and c-Jun, which were blocked by LY294002. CONCLUSION We found that GM-CSF could improve endometrial regeneration, possibly through activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Yanyun Ying
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Siwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Jinqun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Pingping Lv
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Caiyun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Yiqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Lifen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China; Huzhou Maternity & Child Care Hospital, PR China
| | - Shijiong Tu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China; Ningbo Women & Children's Hospital, PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Yanjun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Runju Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China.
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Petrova ES, Kolos EA. Changes in the Distribution of Cell Contacts and Mitotic Cycle Disturbances in Cells of the Allograft of Rat Embryonic Neocortex. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:556-560. [PMID: 31502126 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Morphological changes in the allograft of rat anterior cerebral vesicle at the early stages after transplantation into the peripheral nerve of an adult rat were studied by immunohistochemical methods. Immunohistochemical reaction to bromodeoxyuridine showed that the delay of mitotic division in neural stem/progenitor cells in the grafts occurred during S/G2 stage. In transplants of rat embryonic neocortex (E13), changes in the cell cycle of neural stem/progenitor cells in 3 h after transplantation into the nerve correlated with abnormal distribution of adherens junctions and interkinetic nuclear migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Petrova
- Laboratory of Functional Morphology of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System, Department of General and Special Morphology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - E A Kolos
- Laboratory of Functional Morphology of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System, Department of General and Special Morphology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Li J, Ye J, Zhu S, Cui H. Down-Regulation of Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate Synthetase 1 Inhibits Neuroblastoma Cell Proliferation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090955. [PMID: 31443513 PMCID: PMC6770549 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) is a key enzyme in de novo nucleotide synthesis and nucleotide salvage synthesis pathways that are critical for purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis. Abnormally high expression of PRPS1 can cause many diseases, including hearing loss, hypotonia, and ataxia, in addition to being associated with neuroblastoma. However, the role of PRPS1 in neuroblastoma is still unclear. In this study, we found that PRPS1 was commonly expressed in neuroblastoma cells and was closely related to poor prognosis for cancer. Furthermore, down-regulation of PRPS1 inhibited neuroblastoma cell proliferation and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo via disturbing DNA synthesis. This study provides new insights into the treatment of neuroblastoma patients and new targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junhong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shunqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Gerbault-Seureau M, Fuchs J, Dutrillaux B. High BrdU Sensitivity of Passeriformes Chromosomes: Conservation of BrdU-Sensitive Fragile Sites on Their Z Chromosomes during Evolution. Cytogenet Genome Res 2019; 157:158-165. [PMID: 30974432 DOI: 10.1159/000499590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amongst 15 bird species, representative of 7 orders, recurrent breakages evocating the presence of fragile sites were detected in the chromosomes of the 5 species belonging to Passeriformes. These breaks appeared when 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was added to the cell culture medium at a dose inefficient for inducing chromosome structure alterations in other birds and mammals. They involved, similarly in male and female, 3 loci on the Z chromosome of 3 Turdus species (Turdidae). Labeling by BrdU antibody confirmed the correlation between BrdU incorporation into DNA and breakage, especially around and in the sites of breakage. Thus, 3 BrdU-sensitive fragile sites were present in the Z chromosomes of these birds. Three fragile sites were also detected at different locations in the Z chromosomes of the European robin (Erithacus rubecula, Muscicapidae), suggesting that a structural rearrangement occurred during the evolution of Turdidae and Muscicapidae. Chromosome banding confirmed this interpretation. Finally, in the more distantly related species Parus major (Paridae), the almost acrocentric Z chromosome displayed a single BrdU-sensitive fragile site in its short arm, and the W appeared to be pulverized by BrdU incorporation. Although it cannot be excluded that the BrdU-sensitive fragile sites may be involved in rearrangements, their conservation in many species, and possibly all Passeriformes, provides evidence that they do not constitute a pejorative character during evolution.
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Arai R, En A, Takauji Y, Maki K, Miki K, Fujii M, Ayusawa D. Lamin B receptor (LBR) is involved in the induction of cellular senescence in human cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 178:25-32. [PMID: 30615890 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a phenomenon of irreversible growth arrest in mammalian somatic cells in culture. Various stresses induce cellular senescence and indeed, we have found that excess thymidine effectively induces cellular senescence in human cells. Further, many reports indicate the implication of chromatin proteins in cellular senescence. Here we analysed the role of lamin B receptor (LBR), a nuclear envelope protein that regulates heterochromatin organization, in cellular senescence induced by excess thymidine. We then found that the LBR protein was down-regulated and showed aberrant localization in cells upon induction of cellular senescence by excess thymidine. Additionally, we also found that knock-down of LBR facilitated the induction of cellular senescence by excess thymidine in cancerous HeLa cells, and importantly, it induced cellular senescence in normal human diploid fibroblast TIG-7 cells. These results suggested that decreased LBR function is involved in the induction of cellular senescence in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Arai
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Atsuki En
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Yuki Takauji
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan; Ichiban Life Corporation, 1-1-7 Horai-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, 231-0048, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maki
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miki
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan; Ichiban Life Corporation, 1-1-7 Horai-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, 231-0048, Japan
| | - Michihiko Fujii
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan.
| | - Dai Ayusawa
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan; Ichiban Life Corporation, 1-1-7 Horai-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, 231-0048, Japan
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Gilligan LC, Rahman HP, Hewitt AM, Sitch AJ, Gondal A, Arvaniti A, Taylor AE, Read ML, Morton DG, Foster PA. Estrogen Activation by Steroid Sulfatase Increases Colorectal Cancer Proliferation via GPER. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4435-4447. [PMID: 28945888 PMCID: PMC5718700 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Estrogens affect the incidence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), although the precise molecular mechanisms remain ill-defined. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated prereceptor estrogen metabolism through steroid sulphatase (STS) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and subsequent nongenomic estrogen signaling in human CRC tissue, in The Cancer Genome Atlas colon adenocarcinoma data set, and in in vitro and in vivo CRC models. We aimed to define and therapeutically target pathways through which estrogens alter CRC proliferation and progression. DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS, AND INTERVENTIONS Human CRC samples with normal tissue-matched controls were collected from postmenopausal female and age-matched male patients. Estrogen metabolism enzymes and nongenomic downstream signaling pathways were determined. CRC cell lines were transfected with STS and cultured for in vitro and in vivo analysis. Estrogen metabolism was determined using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE The proliferative effects of estrogen metabolism were evaluated using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine assays and CRC mouse xenograft studies. RESULTS Human CRC exhibits dysregulated estrogen metabolism, favoring estradiol synthesis. The activity of STS, the fundamental enzyme that activates conjugated estrogens, is significantly (P < 0.001) elevated in human CRC compared with matched controls. STS overexpression accelerates CRC proliferation in in vitro and in vivo models, with STS inhibition an effective treatment. We defined a G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) proproliferative pathway potentially through increased expression of connective tissue growth factor in CRC. CONCLUSION Human CRC favors estradiol synthesis to augment proliferation via GPER stimulation. Further research is required regarding whether estrogen replacement therapy should be used with caution in patients at high risk of developing CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna C. Gilligan
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Habibur P. Rahman
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Hewitt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Alice J. Sitch
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Gondal
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Arvaniti
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Angela E. Taylor
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin L. Read
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Dion G. Morton
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Academic Department of Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Foster
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
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Kandil S, Balzarini J, Rat S, Brancale A, Westwell AD, McGuigan C. ProTides of BVdU as potential anticancer agents upon efficient intracellular delivery of their activated metabolites. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5618-5623. [PMID: 27818111 PMCID: PMC5131913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Nucleosides represent a major chemotherapeutic class for treating cancer, however their limitations in terms of cellular uptake, nucleoside kinase-mediated activation and catabolism are well-documented. The monophosphate pro-nucleotides known as ProTides represents a powerful strategy for bypassing the dependence on active transport and nucleoside kinase-mediated activation. Herein, we report the structural tuning of BVdU ProTides. Forty six phosphoramidates were prepared and biologically evaluated against three different cancer cell lines; murine leukemia (L1210), human CD4+ T-lymphocyte (CEM) and human cervical carcinoma (HeLa). Twenty-fold potency enhancement compared to BVdU was achieved against L1210 cells. Interestingly, a number of ProTides showed low micromolar activity against CEM and HeLa cells compared to the inactive parent BVdU. The ProTides showed poor, if any measurable toxicity to non-tumourigenic human lung fibroblast cell cultures. Separation of four pairs of the diastereoisomeric mixtures and comparison of their spectral properties, biological activities and enzymatic activation rate is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Kandil
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK.
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Rat
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Andrea Brancale
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Andrew D Westwell
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Christopher McGuigan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
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Arai R, En A, Ukekawa R, Miki K, Fujii M, Ayusawa D. Aberrant localization of lamin B receptor (LBR) in cellular senescence in human cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:1078-1083. [PMID: 27059139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a thymidine analogue, induces cellular senescence in mammalian cells. BrdU induces cellular senescence probably through the regulation of chromatin because BrdU destabilizes or disrupts nucleosome positioning and decondenses heterochromatin. Since heterochromatin is tethered to the nuclear periphery through the interaction with the nuclear envelope proteins, we examined the localization of the several nuclear envelope proteins such as lamins, lamin-interacting proteins, nuclear pore complex proteins, and nuclear transport proteins in senescent cells. We have shown here that lamin B receptor (LBR) showed a change in localization in both BrdU-induced and replicative senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Arai
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Atsuki En
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Ryo Ukekawa
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miki
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan; Ichiban Life Corporation, 1-1-7 Horai-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0048, Japan
| | - Michihiko Fujii
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
| | - Dai Ayusawa
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan; Ichiban Life Corporation, 1-1-7 Horai-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0048, Japan
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Jung O, Smeets R, Kopp A, Porchetta D, Hiester P, Heiland M, Friedrich RE, Precht C, Hanken H, Gröbe A, Hartjen P. PEO-generated Surfaces Support Attachment and Growth of Cells In Vitro with No Additional Benefit for Micro-roughness in Sa (0.2-4 μm). In Vivo 2016; 30:27-33. [PMID: 26709125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), also known as micro-arc oxidation, is a promising electrochemical surface treatment technique for metals which has been used for the generation of various material surfaces and has been the focus of recent biomaterial research. It has been hypothesized that rough PEO surfaces should generally have properties that support cellular attachment and proliferation. However, this has not yet been demonstrated in systematically conducted studies. The present study investigated fibroblast cell proliferation and attachment to ground, electric discharge machining (EDM) and PEO-treated titanium surfaces differing in roughness and porosity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three surface variants with 'smoother', 'medium-coarse' and 'rough' surface topographies were generated by PEO and EDM on specimens of titanium alloy (with 6 wt% aluminum and 4 wt% vanadium) for comparison with more smoothly ground specimens. The in vitro effects on cellular attachment and proliferation were determined in 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT), 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and live/dead staining assays with L929 fibroblasts cultivated directly on the metal specimens. Cytocompatibility was determined in accordance with DIN 10993-5/-12 regulations by extract assays. RESULTS Besides cytocompatibility, all PEO specimens exhibited similar biocompatibility and attachment properties, with vital, spindle-shaped adherent cells growing on the surface, regardless of their surface topology. There were no significant differences in cellular proliferation between the different surfaces and negative controls (cells growing in cell-culture plates). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION With no differences in cellular proliferation and attachment between PEO surfaces with different roughness, we find no evidence to support the notion that rougher PEO surfaces are more favorable for cellular growth of fibroblasts in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Jung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Max Heiland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard E Friedrich
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clarissa Precht
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henning Hanken
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Gröbe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philip Hartjen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Kitazawa Y, Ueta H, Hünig T, Sawanobori Y, Matsuno K. A novel multicolor immunostaining method using ethynyl deoxyuridine for analysis of in situ immunoproliferative response. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 144:195-208. [PMID: 25976155 PMCID: PMC4534512 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1329-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses are generally accompanied by antigen presentation and proliferation and differentiation of antigen-specific lymphocytes (immunoproliferation), but analysis of these events in situ on tissue sections is very difficult. We have developed a new method of simultaneous multicolor immunofluorescence staining for immunohistology and flow cytometry using a thymidine analogue, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU). Because of the small size of azide dye using click chemistry and elimination of DNA denaturation steps, EdU staining allowed for immunofluorescence staining of at least four colors including two different markers on a single-cell surface, which is impossible with the standard 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine method. By using two rat models, successfully detected parameters were the cluster of differentiation antigens including phenotypic and functional markers of various immune cells, histocompatibility complex antigens, and even some nuclear transcription factors. Proliferating cells could be further sorted and used for RT-PCR analysis. This method thus enables functional in situ time-kinetic analysis of immunoproliferative responses in a distinct domain of the lymphoid organs, which are quantitatively confirmed by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kitazawa
- />Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293 Japan
| | - Hisashi Ueta
- />Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293 Japan
| | - Thomas Hünig
- />Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yasushi Sawanobori
- />Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293 Japan
| | - Kenjiro Matsuno
- />Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293 Japan
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Friend C, Scher W, Preisler HD, Holland JG. Studies on erythroid differentiation of Friend virus-induced murine leukemic cells. Bibl Haematol 2015; 39:916-23. [PMID: 4778004 DOI: 10.1159/000427923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Sato T, de Harven E, Friend C. Increased virus budding from Friend erythroleukemic cells treated with dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, and/or bromodeoxyuridine in vitro. Bibl Haematol 2015:143-51. [PMID: 1057942 DOI: 10.1159/000397528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronically infected Friend leukemia cells (FLC), grown in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (2%, v/v), dimethyl formamide (DMF) (1% v/v), or bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) (3 or 20 mug/ml) for 4 or 7 days, were examined under the electron microscope. It was found that at the 4th day all three compounds induced comparable increases in the number of budding viruses (3 to 5 times that of the control). At the 7th day, the number had remained relatively constant in the BrdU-treated cells in contrast to the cells of the DMSO- or DMF-treated cultures, which showed a further increase of budding viruses. The greatest increase was seen when BrdU was added in combination with either DMSO or DMF, and this was reflected in the apparent increase in the number of extracellular viruses seen in cell pellets. Scanning electron microscopy on whole FLC mounts provided a rapid means of counting budding viruses and a good correlation was obtained between these counts and those made on thin sections by transmission electron microscopy. Attempts to quantitate the number of released viruses in controls and treated cultures after 4 days of growth revealed a 5- to 10-fold increase per cell in the samples treated with a combination of BrdU and either DMSO or DMF. Thymidine failed to prevent the increase of budding viruses induced by BrdU treatment. The number of budding viruses found after treatment with 3 mug/ml BrdU in the presence of 12 mug/ml thymidine was at a level comparable to that found after the individual BrdU treatment Finally, although FLC always contained varying amounts of intracisternal particles, their number, as compared to the paired controls, always decreased after BrdU treatment.
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Braun AC. The relevance of plant tumor systems to an understanding of the basic cellular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis. Prog Exp Tumor Res 2015; 15:165-87. [PMID: 4335261 DOI: 10.1159/000392513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Carneiro BR, Pernambuco Filho PCA, Mesquita APDS, da Silva DS, Pinhal MAS, Nader HB, Lopes CC. Acquisition of anoikis resistance up-regulates syndecan-4 expression in endothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116001. [PMID: 25549223 PMCID: PMC4280138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoikis is a programmed cell death induced upon cell detachment from extracellular matrix, behaving as a critical mechanism in preventing adherent-independent cell growth and attachment to an inappropriate matrix, thus avoiding colonization of distant organs. Cell adhesion plays an important role in neoplastic transformation. Tumors produce several molecules that facilitate their proliferation, invasion and maintenance, especially proteoglycans. The syndecan-4, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, can act as a co-receptor of growth factors and proteins of the extracellular matrix by increasing the affinity of adhesion molecules to their specific receptors. It participates together with integrins in cell adhesion at focal contacts connecting the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. Changes in the expression of syndecan-4 have been observed in tumor cells, indicating its involvement in cancer. This study investigates the role of syndecan-4 in the process of anoikis and cell transformation. Endothelial cells were submitted to sequential cycles of forced anchorage impediment and distinct lineages were obtained. Anoikis-resistant endothelial cells display morphological alterations, high rate of proliferation, poor adhesion to fibronectin, laminin and collagen IV and deregulation of the cell cycle, becoming less serum-dependent. Furthermore, anoikis-resistant cell lines display a high invasive potential and a low rate of apoptosis. This is accompanied by an increase in the levels of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate as well as by changes in the expression of syndecan-4 and heparanase. These results indicate that syndecan-4 plays a important role in acquisition of anoikis resistance and that the conferral of anoikis resistance may suffice to transform endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Ribeiro Carneiro
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Castanho A. Pernambuco Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Sousa Mesquita
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Douglas Santos da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Helena B. Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina Lopes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Yang G, Zhu Y, Dong X, Duan Z, Niu X, Wei J. TLR2-ICAM1-Gadd45α axis mediates the epigenetic effect of selenium on DNA methylation and gene expression in Keshan disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 159:69-80. [PMID: 24811888 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Keshan disease (KD) is a fatal dilated cardiomyopathy with unknown etiology, and selenium deficiency is considered the main cause of KD. Several observations implicate a role for altered DNA methylation in selenium deficiency-related diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the epigenetic effects of selenium (Se) on DNA methylation and gene expression in Keshan disease. Using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation chip (MeDIP-Chip) and quantitative RT-PCR, we identified two inflammatory-related genes (TLR2 and ICAM1) that were differentially methylated and expressed between normal individuals and KD patients. Results from DNA methylation profile between KD patients and normal individuals showed that selenium deficiency decreased methylation of CpG islands in promoter regions of TLR2 and ICAM1 and upregulated messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of TLR2 and ICAM1. In rat animal model of Keshan disease, selenite treatment could increase TLR2 and ICAM1 promoter methylation, suppress these genes expression, and reduce infiltration of myocardial inflammatory cells. In cell culture model of Keshan disease, we found 5-Aza-dC (DNMT1 inhibitor) treatment in the presence of selenium-reduced mRNA and protein levels of DNMT1 regardless of TLR2 and ICAM1 promoter methylation status and expression levels of these genes. Selenite treatment suppressed the expression of the Gadd45α, TLR2, and ICAM1 in a concentration-dependent manner, while selenium deficiency increased the expression of the Gadd45α, TLR2, and ICAM1 and decreased TLR2 and ICAM1 promoter methylation level in a time-dependent manner. Our results revealed that TLR2-ICAM1-Gadd45α axis might play an important role in gene-specific active DNA demethylation during inflammatory response in myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
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48
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Endoh M, Miki K, Hossain MN, Fujii M, Ayusawa D. 5-Bromodeoxyuridine Increases Transient Expression of Ectopic Genes in Human Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:1098-102. [PMID: 17420572 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic genes transferred to cells are temporally expressed, although this phenomenon has not yet been well characterized. We found that 5-bromodeoxyuridine dramatically increased transient expression of ectopic genes in human cells. This effect was elicited by adding 5-bromodeoxyuridine prior to or after transfection. No promoter specificity was observed. Real time PCR analysis showed an approximately 2-fold increase in mRNA levels. Since 5-bromodeoxyuridine decondenses heterochromatin and changes the nuclear envelope, these changes might affect transcriptional and post-transcriptional events in the gene expression of plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morio Endoh
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research and Graduate School of Integrated Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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49
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Abstract
Thymidine analogues are powerful tools when studying DNA synthesis including DNA replication, repair and recombination. However, these analogues have been reported to have severe effects on cell-cycle progression and growth, the very processes being investigated in most of these studies. Here, we have analyzed the effects of 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) and 5-Chloro-2′-deoxyuridine (CldU) using fission yeast cells and optimized the labelling procedure. We find that both analogues affect the cell cycle, but that the effects can be mitigated by using the appropriate analogue, short pulses of labelling and low concentrations. In addition, we report sequential labelling of two consecutive S phases using EdU and 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Furthermore, we show that detection of replicative DNA synthesis is much more sensitive than DNA-measurements by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje Anda
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Montebello, Norway
| | - Erik Boye
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Montebello, Norway
| | - Beata Grallert
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Montebello, Norway
- * E-mail:
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50
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Abstract
B cyclins regulate G2-M transition. Because human somatic cells continue to cycle after reduction of cyclin B1 (cycB1) or cyclin B2 (cycB2) by RNA interference (RNAi), and because cycB2 knockout mice are viable, the existence of two genes should be an optimization. To explore this idea, we generated HeLa BD™ Tet-Off cell lines with inducible cyclin B1- or B2-EGFP that were RNAi resistant. Cultures were treated with RNAi and/or doxycycline (Dox) and bromodeoxyuridine. We measured G2 and M transit times and 4C cell accumulation. In the absence of ectopic B cyclin expression, knockdown (kd) of either cyclin increased G2 transit. M transit was increased by cycB1 kd but decreased by cycB2 depletion. This novel difference was further supported by time-lapse microscopy. This suggests that cycB2 tunes mitotic timing, and we speculate that this is through regulation of a Golgi checkpoint. In the presence of endogenous cyclins, expression of active B cyclin-EGFPs did not affect G2 or M phase times. As previously shown, B cyclin co-depletion induced G2 arrest. Expression of either B cyclin-EGFP completely rescued knockdown of the respective endogenous cyclin in single kd experiments, and either cyclin-EGFP completely rescued endogenous cyclin co-depletion. Most of the rescue occurred at relatively low levels of exogenous cyclin expression. Therefore, cycB1 and cycB2 are interchangeable for ability to promote G2 and M transition in this experimental setting. Cyclin B1 is thought to be required for the mammalian somatic cell cycle, while cyclin B2 is thought to be dispensable. However, residual levels of cyclin B1 or cyclin B2 in double knockdown experiments are not sufficient to promote successful mitosis, yet residual levels are sufficient to promote mitosis in the presence of the dispensible cyclin B2. We discuss a simple model that would explain most data if cyclin B1 is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehong Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - R. Michael Sramkoski
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - James W. Jacobberger
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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