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Nielsen HM, How-Kit A, Guerin C, Castinetti F, Vollan HKM, De Micco C, Daunay A, Taieb D, Van Loo P, Besse C, Kristensen VN, Hansen LL, Barlier A, Sebag F, Tost J. Copy number variations alter methylation and parallel IGF2 overexpression in adrenal tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:953-67. [PMID: 26400872 PMCID: PMC4621769 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of insulin growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a hallmark of adrenocortical carcinomas and pheochromocytomas. Previous studies investigating the IGF2/H19 locus have mainly focused on a single molecular level such as genomic alterations or altered DNA methylation levels and the causal changes underlying IGF2 overexpression are still not fully established. In the current study, we analyzed 62 tumors of the adrenal gland from patients with Conn's adenoma (CA, n=12), pheochromocytomas (PCC, n=10), adrenocortical benign tumors (ACBT, n=20), and adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC, n=20). Gene expression, somatic copy number variation of chr11p15.5, and DNA methylation status of three differential methylated regions of the IGF2/H19 locus including the H19 imprinting control region were integratively analyzed. IGF2 overexpression was found in 85% of the ACCs and 100% of the PCCs compared to 23% observed in CAs and ACBTs. Copy number aberrations of chr11p15.5 were abundant in both PCCs and ACCs but while PCCs retained a diploid state, ACCs were frequently tetraploid (7/19). Loss of either a single allele or loss of two alleles of the same parental origin in tetraploid samples resulted in a uniparental disomy-like genotype. These copy number changes correlated with hypermethylation of the H19 ICR suggesting that the lost alleles were the unmethylated maternal alleles. Our data provide conclusive evidence that loss of the maternal allele correlates with IGF2 overexpression in adrenal tumors and that hypermethylation of the H19 ICR is a consequence thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Myrtue Nielsen
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty
| | - Alexandre How-Kit
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Carole Guerin
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Frederic Castinetti
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Hans Kristian Moen Vollan
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty
| | - Catherine De Micco
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Antoine Daunay
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - David Taieb
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Peter Van Loo
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty
| | - Celine Besse
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty
| | - Lise Lotte Hansen
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Anne Barlier
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Frederic Sebag
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Jörg Tost
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
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Whalley HC, Dimitrova R, Sprooten E, Dauvermann MR, Romaniuk L, Duff B, Watson AR, Moorhead B, Bastin M, Semple SI, Giles S, Hall J, Thomson P, Roberts N, Hughes ZA, Brandon NJ, Dunlop J, Whitcher B, Blackwood DHR, McIntosh AM, Lawrie SM. Effects of a Balanced Translocation between Chromosomes 1 and 11 Disrupting the DISC1 Locus on White Matter Integrity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130900. [PMID: 26102360 PMCID: PMC4477898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Individuals carrying rare, but biologically informative genetic variants provide a unique opportunity to model major mental illness and inform understanding of disease mechanisms. The rarity of such variations means that their study involves small group numbers, however they are amongst the strongest known genetic risk factors for major mental illness and are likely to have large neural effects. DISC1 (Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1) is a gene containing one such risk variant, identified in a single Scottish family through its disruption by a balanced translocation of chromosomes 1 and 11; t(1;11) (q42.1;q14.3). Method Within the original pedigree, we examined the effects of the t(1;11) translocation on white matter integrity, measured by fractional anisotropy (FA). This included family members with (n = 7) and without (n = 13) the translocation, along with a clinical control sample of patients with psychosis (n = 34), and a group of healthy controls (n = 33). Results We report decreased white matter integrity in five clusters in the genu of the corpus callosum, the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, acoustic radiation and fornix. Analysis of the mixed psychosis group also demonstrated decreased white matter integrity in the above regions. FA values within the corpus callosum correlated significantly with positive psychotic symptom severity. Conclusions We demonstrate that the t(1;11) translocation is associated with reduced white matter integrity in frontal commissural and association fibre tracts. These findings overlap with those shown in affected patients with psychosis and in DISC1 animal models and highlight the value of rare but biologically informative mutations in modeling psychosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Bipolar Disorder/genetics
- Bipolar Disorder/pathology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Corpus Callosum/pathology
- Cyclothymic Disorder/genetics
- Cyclothymic Disorder/pathology
- Depressive Disorder, Major/genetics
- Depressive Disorder, Major/pathology
- Diffusion Tensor Imaging
- Exons/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/deficiency
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology
- Schizophrenia/genetics
- Schizophrenia/pathology
- Severity of Illness Index
- Translocation, Genetic
- White Matter/pathology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C. Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Rali Dimitrova
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Developing Brain, St Thomas’ Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Maria R. Dauvermann
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Liana Romaniuk
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Duff
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R. Watson
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bill Moorhead
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bastin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Scott I. Semple
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Giles
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Pippa Thomson
- Department of Medical Genetics, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Roberts
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe A. Hughes
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Nick J. Brandon
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Current affiliation: AstraZeneca Neuroscience IMED, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - John Dunlop
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Current affiliation: AstraZeneca Neuroscience IMED, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Brandon Whitcher
- Clinical and Translational Imaging, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M. Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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3
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Yamamoto K, Yakushijin K, Miyata Y, Matsuoka H, Minami H. Unbalanced translocation der(7)t(7q;11q): a new recurrent aberration leading to partial monosomy 7q and trisomy 11q in acute myeloid leukemia. Acta Haematol 2014; 132:244-6. [PMID: 24862463 DOI: 10.1159/000358188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosome Painting
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/ultrastructure
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Gene Dosage
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
- Trisomy
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4
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MESH Headings
- Causality
- Chromosome Breakpoints
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Conduct Disorder/genetics
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Humans
- Lod Score
- Mental Disorders/genetics
- Mood Disorders/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology
- Pedigree
- Phenotype
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- Risk Factors
- Schizophrenia/genetics
- Terminology as Topic
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Sullivan
- Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Genomics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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5
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Abstract
DISEASE OVERVIEW Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by involvement of the lymph nodes, spleen, blood, and bone marrow with a short remission duration to standard therapies and a median overall survival of 4-5 years. DIAGNOSIS Diagnosis is based on lymph node, bone marrow, or tissue morphology of centrocytic lymphocytes, small cell type, or blastoid variant cells. A chromosomal translocation t(11:14) is the molecular hallmark of MCL, resulting in the overexpression of cyclin D1. Cyclin D1 is detected by immunohistochemistry in 98% of cases. The absence of SOX-11 or a low Ki-67 may correlate with a more indolent form of MCL. The differential diagnosis of MCL includes small lymphocytic lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, and follicular lymphoma. RISK STRATIFICATION The mantle cell lymphoma international prognostic index (MIPI) is the prognostic model most often used and incorporates ECOG performance status, age, leukocyte count, and lactic dehydrogenase. A modification of the MIPI also adds the Ki-67 proliferative index if available. The median overall survival (OS) for the low-risk group was not reached (5-year OS of 60%). The median OS for the intermediate risk group was 51 and 29 months for the high-risk group. RISK-ADAPTED THERAPY For selected indolent, low MIPI MCL patients, initial observation may be appropriate therapy. For younger patients with intermediate or high risk MIPI MCL, aggressive therapy with a cytarabine containing regimen ± autologous stem cell transplantation should be considered. For older MCL patients with intermediate or high risk MIPI, combination chemotherapy with R-CHOP, R-Bendamustine, or a clinical trial should be considered. At the time of relapse, agents directed at activated pathways in MCL cells such as bortezomib (NFkB inhibitor), BTK inhibitors or CAL-101 (B-cell receptor inhibitors) or lenalidamide (antiangiogenesis) have clinical activity in MCL patients. Autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation can also be considered in young patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Asymptomatic Diseases
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Bone Marrow Examination
- Chemoradiotherapy
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/ultrastructure
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Cytarabine/administration & dosage
- Dexamethasone/administration & dosage
- Disease Management
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Female
- Genes, bcl-1
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/epidemiology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/therapy
- Male
- Methotrexate/administration & dosage
- Middle Aged
- Multicenter Studies as Topic
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Risk Assessment
- Rituximab
- Salvage Therapy
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Translocation, Genetic
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Vose
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-7680, USA.
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6
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/pathology
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/classification
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/genetics
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/pathology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/ultrastructure
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Neoplasm Grading
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Prognosis
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/genetics
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology
- Translocation, Genetic
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7
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Naghashpour M, Lancet J, Moscinski L, Zhang L. Mixed phenotype acute leukemia with t(11;19)(q23;p13.3)/ MLL-MLLT1(ENL), B/T-lymphoid type: A first case report. Am J Hematol 2010; 85:451-4. [PMID: 20513125 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The majority of cases of acute leukemia belong to a specific lineage origin, either lymphoid or myeloid, and therefore are classified as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), based on morphologic features and cytochemical and immunophenotypic profile of the blast cells. A minority of acute leukemias however, show no clear evidence of differentiation along a single lineage. These are now classified under acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage by the most recent WHO classification and account for <4% of all cases of acute leukemia [1]. They include leukemias with no lineage specific antigens (acute undifferentiated leukemias) and those with blasts that express antigens of more than one lineage to such degree that it is not possible to assign the leukemia to any one particular lineage with certainty (mixed phenotype acute leukemias). The latter can either be leukemias with two distinct populations of blasts, each expressing antigens of a different lineage (historically referred to as "bilineal" leukemias) or a single blast population expressing antigens of multiple lineages (historically referred to as "biphenotypic" acute leukemias) [2]. Acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage may harbor a variety of genetic lesions. Those with t(9;22)(q34;q11) or translocations associated with mixed lineage leukemias (MLL) gene, i.e., t(11;V)(q23;V), occur frequently enough and are associated with distinct features, that are considered as separate entities according to the recent WHO classification. Co-expression of myeloid and B-lymphoid antigens is most common in mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), followed by co-expression of myeloid and T-lymphoid antigens, accounting for 66-70% and 23-24% of MLLs, respectively. Coexpression of B- and T-lineage associated antigens or antigens of all three lineages is exceedingly rare, accounting for <5% of MLLs [3,4]. The requirements for assigning more than one lineage to a single blast population has been established by current WHO classification [1].
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/blood
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Cell Lineage
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/ultrastructure
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia/classification
- Leukemia/genetics
- Leukemia/pathology
- Male
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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8
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Park ES, Kim SY, Yeom JS, Lim JY, Park CH, Youn HS. Extreme thrombocytosis associated with transient myeloproliferative disorder with Down Syndrome with t(11;17)(q13;q21). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008; 50:643-4. [PMID: 16941648 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A female patient with Down Syndrome (DS) had neonatal thrombocytosis with platelet counts exceeding 2,000 x 10(3)/microL and transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD). Platelet counts remained elevated the first 2 months of life. A translocation located between chromosomes 17 and 11 was observed. We describe a patient with thrombocytosis and TMD showing an 11q13 translocation. The leukocytosis and thrombocytosis improved after an exchange transfusion.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/ultrastructure
- Down Syndrome/complications
- Down Syndrome/genetics
- Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood
- Female
- Fetal Distress/complications
- Fetal Growth Retardation
- Humans
- Hypoxia/etiology
- Hypoxia/therapy
- Infant, Low Birth Weight
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Small for Gestational Age
- Leukocytosis/complications
- Leukocytosis/congenital
- Leukocytosis/genetics
- Leukocytosis/therapy
- Thrombocytosis/complications
- Thrombocytosis/congenital
- Thrombocytosis/genetics
- Thrombocytosis/therapy
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sil Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
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9
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Ripperger T, von Neuhoff N, Kamphues K, Emura M, Lehmann U, Tauscher M, Schraders M, Groenen P, Skawran B, Rudolph C, Callet-Bauchu E, van Krieken JHJM, Schlegelberger B, Steinemann D. Promoter methylation of PARG1, a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene in mantle-cell lymphomas. Haematologica 2007; 92:460-8. [PMID: 17488656 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.10337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), a mature B-cell neoplasm, is genetically characterized by the translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32). However, secondary alterations are required for malignant transformation. The identification of inactivated tumor suppressor genes contributing to the development of MCL may lead to further elucidation of the biology of this disease and help to identify novel targets for therapy. DESIGN AND METHODS Whole genome microarray-based gene expression profiling on treated versus untreated MCL cell lines was used to identify genes induced by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. The degree of promoter methylation and transcriptional silencing of selected genes was then proven in MCL cell lines and primary cases by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, real-time PCR and gene expression profiling. RESULTS After 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment, we identified more than 1000 upregulated genes, 16 of which were upregulated > or =3-fold. Most of them were not known to be silenced by methylation in MCL. A low expression of ING1, RUNX3 and BNIP3L was observed in three of the five the MCL cell lines. In addition, the expression of PARG1, which is located in the frequently deleted region 1p22.1, was substantially reduced and displayed at least partial promoter methylation in all investigated MCL cell lines as well as in 31 primary MCL cases. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS In summary, we identified interesting novel candidate genes that probably contribute to the progression of MCL and suggest that PARG1 is a strong candidate tumor suppressor gene in MCL.
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MESH Headings
- Azacitidine/analogs & derivatives
- Azacitidine/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/ultrastructure
- DNA Methylation
- DNA, Neoplasm/chemistry
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Decitabine
- Disease Progression
- GTPase-Activating Proteins/biosynthesis
- GTPase-Activating Proteins/genetics
- GTPase-Activating Proteins/physiology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Silencing/drug effects
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Ripperger
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine if there is a significant difference in the risk of developing Wilms tumour between patients with submicroscopic and those with visible deletions of the WT1 tumour suppressor gene. METHODS To determine which subjects had WT1 deletions, high-resolution chromosomal deletion analysis of the 11p13 region was carried out in 193 people with aniridia. The rationale for this was that aniridia is caused by loss of function of one copy of the PAX6 gene, and although most patients with aniridia have intragenic mutations, a proportion has deletions that also include the nearby WT1 gene. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis of patients with aniridia identifies people with WT1 deletions regardless of whether they have Wilms tumour, allowing the deletion size to be correlated with clinical outcome. RESULTS Wilms tumour was not observed in any case without a WT1 deletion. Of subjects in whom WT1 was deleted, 77% with submicroscopic deletions (detectable only by high-resolution FISH analysis) presented with Wilms tumour compared with 42.5% with visible deletions (detectable by microscopy). This difference was significant. CONCLUSIONS High-resolution deletion analysis is a useful tool for assessing the risk of Wilms tumour in neonates with aniridia. People with submicroscopic WT1 deletions have a significantly increased risk of Wilms tumour, and a high level of vigilance should be maintained in such cases.
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11
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Greiner O, Bornhauser BC, Delabesse E, Ballerini P, Landman-Parker J, Bourquin JP. The CALM-AF10 fusion is a rare event in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2007; 21:2568-9. [PMID: 17611559 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
MESH Headings
- Chromosome Breakage
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Humans
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/genetics
- Monomeric Clathrin Assembly Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Fusion
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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12
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Escobar PA, Smith MT, Vasishta A, Hubbard AE, Zhang L. Leukaemia-specific chromosome damage detected by comet with fluorescence in situ hybridization (comet-FISH). Mutagenesis 2007; 22:321-7. [PMID: 17575318 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gem020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is associated with exposure to benzene and treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. It is thought to arise from damage to specific regions of DNA, resulting in chromosome rearrangements or loss. For instance, a deletion on the long arm of chromosome 5 [e.g. del(5q31)] is common in AML patients previously treated with alkylating agents, such as melphalan, or exposed to benzene. Translocations of the MLL gene at 11q23 are frequently observed in AML arising from treatment with topoisomerase II inhibitors, such as etoposide. Our goal was to determine whether or not breakage at 5q31 and 11q23 is selectively induced by these chemical agents. To address this question, the comet assay combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (comet-FISH) was used to detect DNA breakage in the specific chromosomal regions in an in vitro model. TK6 lymphoblastoid cells were exposed to melphalan, etoposide or the benzene metabolite, hydroquinone (HQ), at various concentrations. HQ, melphalan and etoposide induced DNA breaks at both 5q31 and 11q23 chromosome regions in a dose-dependant manner. However, HQ produced significantly more DNA damage at 5q31 than at 11q23. Etoposide produce slightly more DNA damage at 11q23 and melphalan had a somewhat greater effect at 5q31, but not significantly so. Thus, HQ and melphalan act similarly, perhaps explaining some similarities between benzene- and alkylating agent-induced AML. Comet-FISH also appears to be a useful approach for detecting and comparing damage to specific chromosome regions of significance in leukaemogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Alkylating Agents/toxicity
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/drug effects
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/drug effects
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/ultrastructure
- Comet Assay/methods
- DNA Damage
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/chemically induced
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Lymphocytes/ultrastructure
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Escobar
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, 140 Warren Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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13
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Murga Penas EM, Callet-Bauchu E, Ye H, Hinz K, Albert N, Copie-Bergman C, Gazzo S, Berger F, Salles G, Bokemeyer C, Du MQ, Dierlamm J. The translocations t(6;18;11)(q24;q21;q21) and t(11;14;18)(q21;q32;q21) lead to a fusion of the API2 and MALT1 genes and occur in MALT lymphomas. Haematologica 2007; 92:405-9. [PMID: 17339192 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.10268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, only one variant translocation of the t(11;18)(q21;q21), the t(11;12;18) (q21;q13;q21), has been reported. We herein describe two new variant translocations, the t(6;18;11)(q24;q21;q21) and the t(11;14;18)(q21;q32;q21), occurring in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. In both cases, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed the presence of an 5'API2-3'MALT1 fusion product, encoded on the derivative chromosome 11. Exon 7 of API2 was fused with exon 5 of MALT1 in the t(11;14;18) and with exon 8 of MALT1 in the t(6;18;11). FISH revealed the involvement of the immunoglobulin locus in the t(11;14;18). Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR to detect the involved partner gene on 6q showed exclusively wild-type API2 and MALT1 sequences.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/ultrastructure
- Computer Systems
- Exons/genetics
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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14
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Meyer C, Burmeister T, Strehl S, Schneider B, Hubert D, Zach O, Haas O, Klingebiel T, Dingermann T, Marschalek R. Spliced MLL fusions: a novel mechanism to generate functional chimeric MLL-MLLT1 transcripts in t(11;19)(q23;p13.3) leukemia. Leukemia 2007; 21:588-90. [PMID: 17252016 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adult
- Animals
- Child
- Chromosome Breakage
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/ultrastructure
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Exons/genetics
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- Introns/genetics
- Leukemia/genetics
- Mice
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/chemistry
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Trans-Splicing/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
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15
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Abstract
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a heterogeneous form of a B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with extranodal location. The gastrointestinal tract is the most common site of disease, but involvement of multiple other organ systems has been documented. Four translocations, t(11;18)(q21;q21), t(1;14)(p22;q32), t(14;18)(q32;q21) and t(3;14)(p13;q32), are specifically associated with MALT lymphoma. Remarkably, the genes targeted by at least three of these translocations are involved in one and the same pathway, leading to the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). This review presents MALT lymphoma as a model of how sustained inflammation increases the risk of genotoxic insults and how these genetic events initiate oncogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Autoantigens/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Caspases/genetics
- Caspases/physiology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/ultrastructure
- Chronic Disease
- Gastritis/complications
- Gastritis/drug therapy
- Gastritis/immunology
- Gastritis/microbiology
- Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/etiology
- Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/genetics
- Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/microbiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Helicobacter Infections/complications
- Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy
- Helicobacter Infections/immunology
- Helicobacter pylori/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Inflammation/complications
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/etiology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/microbiology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Translocation 1 Protein
- NF-kappa B/physiology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/physiology
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sagaert
- Department of Morphology and Molecular Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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16
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Attarbaschi A, Mann G, Strehl S, König M, Steiner M, Jeitler V, Lion T, Dworzak MN, Gadner H, Haas OA. Deletion of 11q23 is a highly specific nonrandom secondary genetic abnormality of ETV6/RUNX1-rearranged childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2007; 21:584-6. [PMID: 17215856 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Gibcus JH, Kok K, Menkema L, Hermsen MA, Mastik M, Kluin PM, van der Wal JE, Schuuring E. High-resolution mapping identifies a commonly amplified 11q13.3 region containing multiple genes flanked by segmental duplications. Hum Genet 2006; 121:187-201. [PMID: 17171571 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-006-0299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA amplification of the 11q13 region is observed frequently in many carcinomas. Within the amplified region several candidate oncogenes have been mapped, including cyclin D1, TAOS1 and cortactin. Yet, it is unknown which gene(s) is/are responsible for the selective pressure enabling amplicon formation. This is probably due to the use of low-resolution detection methods. Furthermore, the size and structure of the amplified 11q13 region is complex and consists of multiple amplicon cores that differ between different tumor types. We set out to test whether the borders of the 11q13 amplicon are restricted to regions that enable DNA breakage and subsequent amplification. A high-resolution array of the 11q13 region was generated to study the structure of the 11q13 amplicon and analyzed 29 laryngeal and pharyngeal carcinomas and nine cell lines with 11q13 amplification. We found that boundaries of the commonly amplified region were restricted to four segments. Three boundaries coincided with a syntenic breakpoint. Such regions have been suggested to be putatively fragile. Sequence comparisons revealed that the amplicon was flanked by two large low copy repeats known as segmental duplications. These segmental duplications might be responsible for the typical structure and size of the 11q13 amplicon. We hypothesize that the selection for genes through amplification of the 11q13.3 region is determined by the ability to form DNA breaks within specific regions and, consequently, results in large amplicons containing multiple genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan H Gibcus
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Ladetto M, Magni M, Pagliano G, De Marco F, Drandi D, Ricca I, Astolfi M, Matteucci P, Guidetti A, Mantoan B, Bodoni CL, Zanni M, Boccadoro M, Gianni AM, Tarella C. Rituximab Induces Effective Clearance of Minimal Residual Disease in Molecular Relapses of Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006; 12:1270-6. [PMID: 17162208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2006.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular remission (MR) is associated with improved outcome in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). If MR is not achieved, patients are at high risk of relapse. We retrospectively describe the molecular and clinical follow-ups of 4 patients with molecular relapses (M-rels) who were treated with rituximab. The 4 patients received rituximab-supplemented, high-dose sequential chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation as induction treatment and achieved clinical remission and MR. M-rel was defined as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positivity in 2 consecutive samples in the absence of clinical relapse. M-rels occurred at 3, 6, 39, and 52 months and were always confirmed by direct sequencing of the clonal rearrangement. Minimal residual disease was monitored by qualitative and real-time quantitative PCR. All patients received 4 courses of rituximab, with 2 additional infusions if PCR positivity remained. After 4-6 courses of rituximab, all patients re-entered MR. No clinical relapses were recorded at 3, 6, 18, and 62 months from treatment, although 1 patient had a second M-rel that was sensitive to rituximab. Our results indicate that rituximab is active against residual MCL cells and suggest that molecularly tailored maintenance therapy needs to be investigated in clinical trials.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/ultrastructure
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Cytarabine/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Drug Evaluation
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/drug therapy
- Male
- Melphalan/administration & dosage
- Middle Aged
- Mitoxantrone/administration & dosage
- Neoplasm, Residual
- Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Prednisone/administration & dosage
- Recurrence
- Remission Induction
- Retrospective Studies
- Rituximab
- Salvage Therapy
- Translocation, Genetic
- Transplantation, Autologous
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ladetto
- Divisione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Medicina ed Oncologia Sperimentale, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
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19
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Jin C, Jin Y, Gisselsson D, Wennerberg J, Wah TS, Strömbäck B, Kwong YL, Mertens F. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of the 11q13 amplicon in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 115:99-106. [PMID: 17065789 DOI: 10.1159/000095228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Amplification of 11q13 DNA sequences and overexpression of CCND1 are common findings in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), identified in about 30% of the cases. However, little is known about initiation of the amplification and the organization of the amplicon. In order to study the structure of the amplicon in more detail and to learn more about the mechanisms involved in its initiation, prometaphase, metaphase, and anaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 40 BAC clones spanning a 16-Mb region in chromosome bands 11q12.2 to 11q13.5 was performed in nine HNSCC cell lines with homogeneously staining regions. FISH analysis showed that the size of the amplicon varied among the nine cell lines, the smallest being 2.12 Mb and the largest 8.97 Mb. The smallest overlapping region of amplification was approximately 1.61 Mb, covering the region from BAC 729E14 to BAC 102B19. This region contained several genes previously shown to be amplified and overexpressed in HNSCC, including CCDN1, CTTN, SHANK2, and ORAOV1. The cell lines were also used to study the internal structure of the amplicon. Various patterns of amplified DNA sequences within the amplicon were found among the nine cell lines. Even within the same cell line, different amplicon structures could be found in different cell populations, indicating that the mechanisms involved in the development of the amplicons in HNSCC were more complex than previously assumed. The frequent finding of inverted repeats within the amplicons, however, suggests that breakage-fusion-bridge cycles are important in the initiation, but the fact that such repeats constituted only small parts of the amplicons indicate that they are further rearranged during tumor progression.
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MESH Headings
- Anaphase
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor/ultrastructure
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosome Breakage
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- DNA Repair
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Male
- Metaphase
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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20
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Haimi M, Motti H, Avivi I, Irit A, Moustafa N, Nivin M, Aboleil O, Olfat A, Gershoni-Baruch R, Ruth GB. Treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia characterized by t(11;20)(p15;q11) and del(9)(q22). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 167:186-8. [PMID: 16737924 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2006.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/ultrastructure
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/chemically induced
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/chemically induced
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/diagnosis
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Remission Induction
- Translocation, Genetic
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21
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Amiel A, Leopold L, Gronich N, Yukla M, Fejgin MD, Lishner M. The influence of different chromosomal aberrations on molecular cytogenetic parameters in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 167:145-9. [PMID: 16737914 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2005.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2005] [Revised: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is the most common leukemia of adults in Western countries. The most frequent recurring chromosomal aberrations identified in B-CLL patients are trisomy 12 and deletions of 13q, 17p, and 11q. Cases with deletions of 11q and 17p have a poor prognosis, whereas cases with deletions in 13q have a favorable prognosis. It was previously shown that CLL patients with trisomy 12 and del(13)(q14) have a higher rate of asynchronous replication of normal structural genes when compared to those with normal karyotypes. We studied the replication pattern of the structural locus 21q22 and the imprinted gene SNRPN and its telomere (15qter) and the random aneuploidy of chromosomes 9 and 18 in CLL patients with trisomy 12 and deletions of 11q and 17p, and compared the results to those of CLL patients without these aberrations and to healthy controls. Random aneuploidy rate was higher in the group of patients with trisomy 12 as compared to all other groups. The replication pattern with higher asynchronous pattern was found in both aberration groups compared to the CLL patients without the aberrations and to the control group with involvement of 21q22 and 15qter, whereas the highest synchronous group was found in the 2 aberrations CLL patient groups compared to the other groups with the imprinted locus SNRPN. The existence and significance of chromosomal aberrations in CLL have a deleterious effect on the processes of cell cycle and gene replication and may have biological and prognostic implications.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Aneuploidy
- Autoantigens/genetics
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/ultrastructure
- DNA Replication/genetics
- Genomic Imprinting
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/genetics
- Trisomy
- snRNP Core Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amiel
- Genetic Institute, Meir Hospital, Kfar-Saba 44281, Israel.
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22
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Germano G, Pigazzi M, del Giudice L, Campo Dell'Orto M, Spinelli M, Zangrando A, Paolucci P, Ladogana S, Basso G. Two consecutive immunophenotypic switches in a child with MLL-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2006; 91:ECR09. [PMID: 16709517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An 18-month-old girl was diagnosed with pre-pre-B ALL/t(4;11) leukemia, which during the treatment and after matched bone marrow transplantation (BMT), underwent two consecutive switches from lymphoid to myeloid lineage and vice versa. The high expression of HOXA9 and FLT3 genes remaining genotypically stable in a leukemia throughout phenotypic switches, suggests that this leukemia may have originated as a common B/myeloid progenitors.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Lineage
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/ultrastructure
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Rearrangement
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Infant
- Models, Biological
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/surgery
- Recurrence
- Translocation, Genetic
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Germano
- Laboratory of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
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23
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Athanassiadou F, Tragiannidis A, Kourti M, Papageorgiou T, Kotoula V, Kontopoulos V, Christoforidis J. Spinal epidural extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma in an adolescent boy: a case report. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2006; 23:263-7. [PMID: 16517542 DOI: 10.1080/08880010500506297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES) represents a rare soft tissue malignant neoplasm histologically similar to skeletal Ewing sarcoma. It occurs mainly in adolescents and young adults and commonly affects the paravertebral regions. The differential diagnosis includes other small, blue round cells tumors. The authors report a case of an EES involving the spinal epidural and paravertebral spaces in an adolescent boy. EES diagnosis was confirmed by features of histologic analysis and immunohistochemistry and by the presence of the t(11;22)(q24;q12) chromosomal translocation by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Back Pain/etiology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/ultrastructure
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Epidural Space
- Etoposide/administration & dosage
- Fractures, Compression/etiology
- Fractures, Spontaneous/etiology
- Humans
- Ifosfamide/administration & dosage
- Laminectomy
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Male
- Mesna/administration & dosage
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/analysis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS
- Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sarcoma, Ewing/chemistry
- Sarcoma, Ewing/diagnosis
- Sarcoma, Ewing/diagnostic imaging
- Sarcoma, Ewing/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/surgery
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/chemistry
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/genetics
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/surgery
- Spinal Fractures/etiology
- Thoracic Vertebrae/surgery
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Transcription Factors/analysis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani Athanassiadou
- 2nd Pediatric Department, Hematology-Oncology Unit, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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24
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Gué M, Sun JS, Boudier T. Simultaneous localization of MLL, AF4 and ENL genes in interphase nuclei by 3D-FISH: MLL translocation revisited. BMC Cancer 2006; 6:20. [PMID: 16433901 PMCID: PMC1388228 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haematological cancer is characterised by chromosomal translocation (e.g. MLL translocation in acute leukaemia) and two models have been proposed to explain the origins of recurrent reciprocal translocation. The first, established from pairs of translocated genes (such as BCR and ABL), considers the spatial proximity of loci in interphase nuclei (static "contact first" model). The second model is based on the dynamics of double strand break ends during repair processes (dynamic "breakage first" model). Since the MLL gene involved in 11q23 translocation has more than 40 partners, the study of the relative positions of the MLL gene with both the most frequent partner gene (AF4) and a less frequent partner gene (ENL), should elucidate the MLL translocation mechanism. Methods Using triple labeling 3D FISH experiments, we have determined the relative positions of MLL, AF4 and ENL genes, in two lymphoblastic and two myeloid human cell lines. Results In all cell lines, the ENL gene is significantly closer to the MLL gene than the AF4 gene (with P value < 0.0001). According to the static "contact first" model of the translocation mechanism, a minimal distance between loci would indicate a greater probability of the occurrence of t(11;19)(q23;p13.3) compared to t(4;11)(q21;q23). However this is in contradiction to the epidemiology of 11q23 translocation. Conclusion The simultaneous multi-probe hybridization in 3D-FISH is a new approach in addressing the correlation between spatial proximity and occurrence of translocation. Our observations are not consistent with the static "contact first" model of translocation. The recently proposed dynamic "breakage first" model offers an attractive alternative explanation.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Cell Line, Transformed/chemistry
- Cell Line, Transformed/ultrastructure
- Cell Line, Tumor/chemistry
- Cell Line, Tumor/ultrastructure
- Cell Nucleus/chemistry
- Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/ultrastructure
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Genes
- HL-60 Cells/chemistry
- HL-60 Cells/ultrastructure
- Herpesvirus 4, Human
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Interphase
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Models, Genetic
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcriptional Elongation Factors
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Gué
- USM 0503, Département "Régulations, Développement et Diversité Moléculaire", Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 5153 CNRS-MNHN, U 565 INSERM, 43 rue Cuvier, CP26, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Institut Curie – Section Recherche, U759 INSERM – Laboratoire d'Imagerie Integrative. Centre Universitaire, Batiment Raymond Latarget, 91405 Orsay CEDEX, France
| | - Jian-Sheng Sun
- USM 0503, Département "Régulations, Développement et Diversité Moléculaire", Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 5153 CNRS-MNHN, U 565 INSERM, 43 rue Cuvier, CP26, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Thomas Boudier
- Institut Curie – Section Recherche, U759 INSERM – Laboratoire d'Imagerie Integrative. Centre Universitaire, Batiment Raymond Latarget, 91405 Orsay CEDEX, France
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25
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Tobal K. Prognostic value of minimal residual disease monitoring in acute myeloid leukemia patients with t(9;11)(p22;q23). Haematologica 2005; 90:1586A. [PMID: 16330423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/ultrastructure
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/blood
- Neoplasm, Residual
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/blood
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Prognosis
- Remission Induction
- Survival Analysis
- Translocation, Genetic
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Tobal
- Department of Hematologic Medicine, King's College Hospital, The Rayne Institute, London, UK.
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26
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Scholl C, Schlenk RF, Eiwen K, Döhner H, Fröhling S, Döhner K. The prognostic value of MLL-AF9 detection in patients with t(9;11)(p22;q23)-positive acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2005; 90:1626-34. [PMID: 16330435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Translocation (9;11) is the most common t(11q23) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A considerable number of patients with this cytogenetic abnormality relapse and die of their disease. We evaluated the clinical significance of minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring in t(9;11)(p22;q23)-positive AML patients using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) analysis. DESIGN AND METHODS We identified 34 newly diagnosed patients with t(9;11)(p22;q23)-positive AML treated within three multicenter trials of the AML Study Group. MRD could be investigated by RQ-PCR in 19 patients during and after therapy. Because of the relatively low sensitivity of the RQ-PCR (10(-3) to 10(-4) at the cellular level), samples from RQ-PCR-negative patients were also analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR; sensitivity 10-4 to 10-5 at the cellular level). RESULTS RQ-PCR monitoring revealed two groups of patients: group 1 (n=11) had negative RQ-PCR in all samples collected in hematologic complete remission whereas group 2 (n=8) had at least one positive RQ-PCR in samples collected in complete remission during therapy. Group 1 had a significantly lower cumulative incidence of relapse (p=0.004) and better overall survival (p=0.003) compared to group 2. nPCR did not add information to that gained from RQ-PCR. Molecular relapse was detected in two patients by RQ-PCR four and six weeks, respectively before hematologic relapse occurred. Quantitative MLL-AF9 levels at diagnosis or during and after therapy had no prognostic impact. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Early achievement of sustained RQ-PCR negativity appears to be a prerequisite for long-term hematologic complete remission in t(9;11)-positive AML. Furthermore, RQ-PCR might be useful for early detection of relapse. Additional patients need to be studied to corroborate these findings.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/ultrastructure
- Cohort Studies
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cytarabine/administration & dosage
- Etoposide/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Idarubicin/administration & dosage
- Leukemia, Myeloid/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/surgery
- Middle Aged
- Mitoxantrone/administration & dosage
- Multicenter Studies as Topic
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/blood
- Neoplasm, Residual
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/blood
- Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Prognosis
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Recurrence
- Remission Induction
- Survival Analysis
- Translocation, Genetic
- Treatment Outcome
- Tretinoin/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Scholl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Robert-Koch-Str. 8, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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27
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Gazzo S, Felman P, Berger F, Salles G, Magaud JP, Callet-Bauchu E. Atypical cytogenetic presentation of t(11;14) in mantle cell lymphoma. Haematologica 2005; 90:1708-9. [PMID: 16330452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eighteen cases of mantle cell lymphomas (MCL) with an atypical t(11;14) were studied using fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments (FISH). The atypical presentation was confirmed and unsuspected duplicated cases were identified in six patients. These data underline that FISH analysis must be be systematically performed in cases with an aberrant presentation to prevent a misdiagnosis.
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MESH Headings
- Aneuploidy
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/ultrastructure
- Gene Duplication
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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De Preter K, Vandesompele J, Menten B, Carr P, Fiegler H, Edsjö A, Carter NP, Yigit N, Waelput W, Van Roy N, Bader S, Påhlman S, Speleman F. Positional and functional mapping of a neuroblastoma differentiation gene on chromosome 11. BMC Genomics 2005; 6:97. [PMID: 16000168 PMCID: PMC1185534 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-6-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Loss of chromosome 11q defines a subset of high-stage aggressive neuroblastomas. Deletions are typically large and mapping efforts have thus far not lead to a well defined consensus region, which hampers the identification of positional candidate tumour suppressor genes. In a previous study, functional evidence for a neuroblastoma suppressor gene on chromosome 11 was obtained through microcell mediated chromosome transfer, indicated by differentiation of neuroblastoma cells with loss of distal 11q upon introduction of chromosome 11. Interestingly, some of these microcell hybrid clones were shown to harbour deletions in the transferred chromosome 11. We decided to further exploit this model system as a means to identify candidate tumour suppressor or differentiation genes located on chromosome 11. Results In a first step, we performed high-resolution arrayCGH DNA copy-number analysis in order to evaluate the chromosome 11 status in the hybrids. Several deletions in both parental and transferred chromosomes in the investigated microcell hybrids were observed. Subsequent correlation of these deletion events with the observed morphological changes lead to the delineation of three putative regions on chromosome 11: 11q25, 11p13->11p15.1 and 11p15.3, that may harbour the responsible differentiation gene. Conclusion Using an available model system, we were able to put forward some candidate regions that may be involved in neuroblastoma. Additional studies will be required to clarify the putative role of the genes located in these chromosomal segments in the observed differentiation phenotype specifically or in neuroblastoma pathogenesis in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katleen De Preter
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital MRB 2floor, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital MRB 2floor, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital MRB 2floor, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philippa Carr
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Heike Fiegler
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Edsjö
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Medicine, Lund University, University Hospital MAS, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nigel P Carter
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Nurten Yigit
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital MRB 2floor, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Waelput
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Ghent University Hospital BLOK A, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nadine Van Roy
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital MRB 2floor, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Scott Bader
- Sir Alastair Currie Cancer Research U.K. Laboratories, Division of Pathology, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Sven Påhlman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Medicine, Lund University, University Hospital MAS, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Frank Speleman
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital MRB 2floor, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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29
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Soma T, Iino M, Tajima M, Kishimoto J. Expression of novel keratin associated protein 5 genes in the cuticle layer of human hair follicles. J Dermatol Sci 2005; 38:110-2. [PMID: 15862944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2005.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2004] [Revised: 02/09/2005] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Galiová G, Bártová E, Kozubek S. Nuclear topography of beta-like globin gene cluster in IL-3-stimulated human leukemic K-562 cells. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2005; 33:4-14. [PMID: 15223004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2004.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2003] [Revised: 03/11/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The beta-like globin genes, Ggamma, Agamma, delta and beta, forming specific clusters on chromosome 11, are transcriptionally regulated by the locus control region (LCR). The members of beta-like globin gene cluster (11p15.4) are variously switched during ontogenetic dependent erythropoiesis; however, changes of globin gene expression can be also observed during erythroid differentiation of bone marrow cells. In our experiments, interleukin-3 (IL-3)-stimulated human leukemic K-562 cells were used as a model system in which nuclear organization and expression of the beta-like globin gene cluster was investigated. In addition, the influence of IL-3 on the arrangement of chromosome 11 territory was analyzed. We observed that the beta-globin gene is not expressed in progenitor (nondifferentiated) K-562 cells, but is, however, activated after IL-3 stimulation of the K-562 population. A similar nuclear location of beta-like globin gene clusters was found in both control and IL-3-treated cells, which indicates that changes in cluster gene expression are accompanied by conserved nuclear topography of the gene cluster studied. On the other hand, the studied type of cell differentiation was characterized by relocation of chromosome 11 and its centromeric regions closer to the nuclear periphery, which seems to be a general feature of many pathways of cellular maturation. The beta-like globin gene cluster was observed on chromatin loops extended away from compact chromosome 11 territories that were more condensed in regions closer to the nuclear membrane. The relocation of chromosome 11 territories towards the nuclear periphery and simultaneous appearance of chromatin loops may explain the conserved nuclear positioning of the gene cluster studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Galiová
- Institute of Biophysics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
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31
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Prat E, Camps J, del Rey J, Egozcue J, Miró R, Gelabert A, Algaba F. Combination of toluidine blue staining and in situ hybridization to evaluate paraffin tissue sections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 155:89-91. [PMID: 15527910 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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González MB, Hernández JM, García JL, Lumbreras E, Castellanos M, Hernández JM, Fernández-Calvo J, Gutiérrez NC, San Miguel JF. The value of fluorescence in situ hybridization for the detection of 11q in multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2004; 89:1213-8. [PMID: 15477206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A large number of chromosomal abnormalities have been detected in multiple myeloma (MM). The most frequent are chromosome 13q deletions and translocations affecting the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IGH). Recent studies using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) have shown that gains of 11q represent one of the most frequent genomic changes in MM. However CGH is not generally used in routine clinical laboratories. DESIGN AND METHODS In the present study, efficiency of fluorescent in situ analysis (FIS)H analysis in the detection of 11q abnormalities in MM patients was investigated. Cytogenetic and FISH studies with three different specific probes for the regions containing the genes BCL1 (11q13), ATM (11q22) and MLL (11q23) were simultaneously performed in 52 patients: 9 cases with 11q abnormalities detected by conventional cytogenetics and 43 cases without 11q abnormalities. FISH analysis identified 11q aberrations that were undetected by cytogenetics in 16 out the 43 cases (37%). RESULTS Gains on 11q were present in 13 cases (30%) while rearrangements on 11q were observed in the remaining 3 cases. No losses were found. All 11q gains involved the three regions analyzed (BCL1, ATM and MLL genes) while only rearrangements of BCL1 were observed. In all control cases the 11q alterations were confirmed by FISH. A good overall correlation between CGH and FISH was observed. Nevertheless gains on BCL1, ATM and MLL genes were observed in 3 cases displaying a normal CGH. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS In summary, chromosomal abnormalities on 11q are frequent in MM. FISH studies demonstrate a high sensitivity at detecting this abnormality and should be used in the routine evaluation of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Belén González
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario & Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Spain
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Rakheja D, Margraf LR, Tomlinson GE, Schneider NR. Hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma with translocation involving chromosome band 19q13.4: a recurrent abnormality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 153:60-3. [PMID: 15325096 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2003.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2003] [Revised: 11/24/2003] [Accepted: 12/01/2003] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver in an 8-month-old male child, in which the cytogenetic analysis revealed a balanced translocation, t(11;19)(q13;q13.4). This is the fifth description of a cytogenetic abnormality in mesenchymal hamartoma and is similar to the four cases reported previously in that one of the breakpoints involved chromosome band 19q13.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, Children's Medical Center of Dallas and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 1935 Motor Street, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
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Abstract
The MLL gene is a major player in leukemia, particularly in infant leukemia and in secondary, therapy-related acute leukemia. The normal MLL gene plays a key role in developmental regulation of gene expression (including HOX genes), and in leukemia this function is subverted by breakage, recombination, and chimeric fusion with one of 40 or more alternative partner genes. In infant leukemias, the chromosome translocations involving MLL arise during fetal hematopoiesis, possibly in a primitive lymphomyeloid stem cell. In general, these leukemias have a very poor prognosis. The malignancy of these leukemias is all the more dramatic considering their very short preclinical natural history or latency. These data raise fundamental issues of how such divergent MLL chimeric genes transform cells, why they so rapidly evolve to a malignant status, and what alternative or novel therapeutic strategies might be considered. We review here progress in tackling these questions.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Age of Onset
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Disease Progression
- Drug Design
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid/embryology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/chemistry
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Proto-Oncogenes
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Transcription Factors
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Eguchi
- LRF Centre for Cell and Molecular Biology of Leukaemia, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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35
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Metzler M, Strissel PL, Strick R, Niemeyer C, Roettgers S, Borkhardt A, Harbott J, Ludwig WD, Stanulla M, Schrappe M, Reinhardt D, Creutzig U, Beck JD, Rascher W, Repp R, Langer T. Emergence of translocation t(9;11)-positive leukemia during treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2004; 41:291-6. [PMID: 15334554 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) characterized by the t(9;11)(p22;q23) translocation is one of the most frequent secondary malignancies. The timing of the initiation of translocation and of development of the malignant t(9;11) clone during chemotherapy is presently unknown. In the present study, we backtracked bone marrow samples from three children during treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Two patients developed a t(9;11)-positive t-AML 19 and 30 months after therapy start, whereas the third patient, diagnosed with a rare t(9;11)-positive ALL, suffered from an ALL relapse 23 months after initial diagnosis. The genomic MLL-MLLT3 (MLL-AF9) fusion site was amplified by a multiplex, nested long-range PCR and used as a clonal marker for quantification of the MLL-MLLT3-positive cells during chemotherapy. The t(9;11)-positive clone was detectable 13 and 18 months after therapy start in both t-AML cases, which was 6-12 months before clinical diagnosis of the secondary malignancy. In the t(9;11)-positive ALL patient, the identical leukemic clone reoccurred during maintenance therapy after a short molecular remission, 8 months before clinically overt ALL relapse. The time course and characteristics of the genomic breakpoints in the present t-AML cases support the hypothesis of translocation formation as a result of defective breakage repair after topoisomerase II cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Metzler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
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36
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Zucca E, Cavalli F. Are antibiotics the treatment of choice for gastric lymphoma? Curr Hematol Rep 2004; 3:11-6. [PMID: 14695844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence supporting the link between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and it seems undeniable that eradication of H. pylori with antibiotics can be effectively used as the sole initial treatment of localized (ie, confined to the gastric wall) gastric MALT lymphoma. This treatment is the best studied therapeutic approach, with more than 20 reported studies confirming that histologic regression of the lymphoma can be achieved in most cases. However, antibiotic treatments seem to suppress but not eradicate the neoplastic clone, and MALT lymphoma relapses have been seen years after treatment. Molecular follow-up studies revealed the persistence of the malignant clone in more than 50% of the cases in histologic remission after antibiotic therapy. The clinical significance of this finding is still unclear. Transient and self-limiting histologic and molecular relapses can also occur. Therefore, a careful long-term follow-up is mandatory for all of the patients who received antibiotic treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/ultrastructure
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Disease Progression
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gastritis/complications
- Gastritis/microbiology
- Helicobacter Infections/complications
- Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy
- Helicobacter pylori/drug effects
- Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/etiology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/etiology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Neoplasm, Residual
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Salvage Therapy
- Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Stomach Neoplasms/etiology
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Zucca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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Tsujioka T, Wada H, Yamamori S, Otsuki T, Suemori S, Kondo T, Nakanishi H, Suetsugu Y, Mikami M, Sugihara T. MLL/AF-1p Fusion in Therapy-Related Early Pre-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with t(1;11)(p32;q23) Translocation Developing in the Relapse Phase of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. Int J Hematol 2003; 78:439-42. [PMID: 14704037 DOI: 10.1007/bf02983817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of therapy-related early pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a patient administered a topoisomerase II inhibitor, etoposide, a consolidation therapy agent for acute promyelocytic leukemia. Our case is of interest because of simultaneous relapse of the original leukemia and onset of therapy-related leukemia and relatively rare t(1;11)(p32;q23) translocation with confirmed MLL/AF-1p fusion. This case suggests that careful monitoring for MLL gene rearrangements is necessary after administration of topoisomerase II inhibitors.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Cytarabine/administration & dosage
- Daunorubicin/administration & dosage
- Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Enzyme Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Etoposide/administration & dosage
- Etoposide/adverse effects
- Fatal Outcome
- Humans
- Idarubicin/administration & dosage
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mitoxantrone/administration & dosage
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/chemically induced
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/chemically induced
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Recurrence
- Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tretinoin/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tsujioka
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
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Corapçioglu F, Olgun N, Sarialioglu F, Uysal KM, Oren H, Sercan O. MLL-AF4 gene rearrangement in a child with Epstein-Barr virus-related posttransplant B-cell lymphoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2003; 25:740-2. [PMID: 12972812 DOI: 10.1097/00043426-200309000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recipients of solid organ allografts are known to be at increased risk of developing Epstein-Barr virus-related posttransplant lymphoproliferative diseases. A 28-month-old boy who had received a heterotopic liver transplant presented with lymphadenopathy in the abdomen, multiple nodules in the liver, and bilateral renal infiltration 19 months after transplantation. He was diagnosed with a Burkitt-like lymphoma based on bone marrow examination and the finding that the blastic cells in bone marrow were EBER-1 positive. Cytogenetic analysis of the bone marrow cells showed an MLL-AF4 rearrangement. He was treated with a combined chemotherapy regimen. He has been in continuous complete remission for 15 months now.
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MESH Headings
- Biliary Atresia/surgery
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/ultrastructure
- Disease Transmission, Infectious
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/transmission
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects
- Liver Transplantation/adverse effects
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/etiology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/virology
- Male
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/analysis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Virus Infections/transmission
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Corapçioglu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
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39
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Katoh M, Katoh M. KIAA1735 gene on human chromosome 11q23.1 encodes a novel protein with myosine-tail homologous domain and C-terminal DIX domain. Int J Oncol 2003; 23:145-50. [PMID: 12792787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dishevelled 1 (DVL1), DVL2 and DVL3 are DIX-domain proteins implicated in the WNT signaling pathway. Here, we searched for a novel DIX-domain protein by using bioinformatics. Uncharacterized human KIAA1735 gene was found encoding a novel DIX-domain protein. Mouse ortholog of human KIAA1735 gene was next identified, and the nucleotide sequence of mouse Kiaa1735 cDNA was determined in silico by assembling nucleotide sequences of ESTs BY753211, BQ931084, CA750490, BQ960056 and a 5'-truncated partial cDNA AK082960. Human KIAA1735 protein (472 aa) and mouse Kiaa1735 protein (474 aa) showed 90.9% total-amino-acid identity. Myosine-tail homologous (MTH) domain and C-terminal DIX domain were conserved between human KIAA1735 and mouse Kiaa1735 proteins. A tyrosine phosphorylation site (Tyr 242) within the MTH domain was conserved between human KIAA1735 and mouse Kiaa1735 proteins. Leucine zipper motif (codon 202-237) and another tyrosine phosphorylation site (Tyr 272) were identified within the MTH domain of human KIAA1735, but not within that of mouse Kiaa1735. Human KIAA1735 mRNA was expressed in brain, subchondral bone, and also in lung cancer. KIAA1735 gene, consisting of 16 exons, was about 45 kb in size. KIAA1735 gene was linked to DLAT gene in tail-to-head manner with an interval less than 4.0 kb. KIAA1735 gene on human chromosome 11q23.1 was located between D11S1391 and D11S1347 loci, the region deleted in sporadic breast cancer. This is the first report on comprehensive characterization of the KIAA1735 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuko Katoh
- M&M Medical BioInformatics, Narashino 275-0022, Japan.
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40
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Jeffries AR, Mungall AJ, Dawson E, Halls K, Langford CF, Murray RM, Dunham I, Powell JF. beta-1,3-Glucuronyltransferase-1 gene implicated as a candidate for a schizophrenia-like psychosis through molecular analysis of a balanced translocation. Mol Psychiatry 2003; 8:654-63. [PMID: 12874601 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have mapped and sequenced both chromosome breakpoints of a balanced t(6;11)(q14.2;q25) chromosome translocation that segregates with a schizophrenia-like psychosis. Bioinformatics analysis of the regions revealed a number of confirmed and predicted transcripts. No confirmed transcripts are disrupted by either breakpoint. The chromosome 6 breakpoint region is gene poor, the closest transcript being the serotonin receptor 1E (HTR1E) at 625 kb telomeric to the breakpoint. The chromosome 11 breakpoint is situated close to the telomere. The closest gene, beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase (B3GAT1 or GlcAT-P), is 299 kb centromeric to the breakpoint. B3GAT1 is the key enzyme during the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate epitope HNK-1, which is present on a number of cell adhesion molecules important in neurodevelopment. Mice deleted for the B3GAT1 gene show defects in hippocampal long-term potentiation and in spatial memory formation. We propose that the translocation causes a positional effect on B3GAT1, affecting expression levels and making it a plausible candidate for the psychosis found in this family. More generally, regions close to telomeres are highly polymorphic in both sequence and length in the general population and several studies have implicated subtelomeric deletions as a common cause of idiopathic mental retardation. This leads us to the hypothesis that polymorphic or other variation of the 11q telomere may affect the activity of B3GAT1 and be a risk factor for schizophrenia and related psychoses in the general population.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Chromosome Breakage
- Chromosome Mapping/methods
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/ultrastructure
- Depression/genetics
- Expressed Sequence Tags
- Female
- Glucuronosyltransferase/genetics
- Glucuronosyltransferase/physiology
- Humans
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Pedigree
- Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology
- Psychotic Disorders/genetics
- Risk Factors
- Sequence Deletion
- Suicide
- Suicide, Attempted
- Telomere/ultrastructure
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Jeffries
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
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41
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Lahortiga I, Vizmanos JL, Agirre X, Vázquez I, Cigudosa JC, Larrayoz MJ, Sala F, Gorosquieta A, Perez-Equiza K, Calasanz MJ, Odero MD. NUP98 is fused to adducin 3 in a patient with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and myeloid markers, with a new translocation t(10;11)(q25;p15). Cancer Res 2003; 63:3079-83. [PMID: 12810632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The nucleoporin 98 gene (NUP98) has been reported to be fused to 13 partner genes in hematological malignancies with 11p15 translocations. Twelve of them have been identified in patients with myeloid neoplasias and only 1, RAP1GDS1 (4q21), is fused with NUP98 in five patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Three of these patients coexpressed T and myeloid markers, suggesting the specific association of t(4;11)(q21;p15) with a subset of T-ALL originating from an early progenitor, which has the potential to express mature T-cell antigens as well as myeloid markers. We describe here a new NUP98 partner involved in a t(10;11)(q25;p15) in a patient with acute biphenotypic leukemia, showing coexpression of mature T and myeloid markers. The gene involved, located in 10q25, was identified as ADD3 using 3'-RACE. ADD3 codes for the ubiquitous expressed subunit gamma of the adducin protein, and it seems to play an important role in the skeletal organization of the cell membrane. Both NUP98-ADD3 and ADD3-NUP98 fusion transcripts are expressed in the patient. This is the second partner of NUP98 described in T-ALL. Adducin shares with the product of RAP1GDS1, and with all of the nonhomeobox NUP98 partners, the presence of a region with significant probability of adopting a coiled-coil conformation. This region is always retained in the fusion transcript with the NH(2) terminus FG repeats of NUP98, suggesting an important role in the mechanism of leukemogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/immunology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/chemistry
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/physiology
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoya Lahortiga
- Department of Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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42
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Pui CH, Chessells JM, Camitta B, Baruchel A, Biondi A, Boyett JM, Carroll A, Eden OB, Evans WE, Gadner H, Harbott J, Harms DO, Harrison CJ, Harrison PL, Heerema N, Janka-Schaub G, Kamps W, Masera G, Pullen J, Raimondi SC, Richards S, Riehm H, Sallan S, Sather H, Shuster J, Silverman LB, Valsecchi MG, Vilmer E, Zhou Y, Gaynon PS, Schrappe M. Clinical heterogeneity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with 11q23 rearrangements. Leukemia 2003; 17:700-6. [PMID: 12682627 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To assess the clinical heterogeneity among patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and various 11q23 abnormalities, we analyzed data on 497 infants, children and young adults treated between 1983 and 1995 by 11 cooperative groups and single institutions. The substantial sample size allowed separate analyses according to age younger or older than 12 months for the various cytogenetic subsets. Infants with t(4;11) ALL had an especially dismal prognosis when their disease was characterized by a poor early response to prednisone (P=0.0005 for overall comparison; 5-year event-free survival (EFS), 0 vs 23+/-+/-12% s.e. for those with good response), or age less than 3 months (P=0.0003, 5-year EFS, 5+/-+/-5% vs 23.4+/-+/-4% for those over 3 months). A poor prednisone response also appeared to confer a worse outcome for older children with t(4;11) ALL. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation failed to improve outcome in either age group. Among patients with t(11;19) ALL, those with a T-lineage immunophenotype, who were all over 1 year of age, had a better outcome than patients over 1 year of age with B-lineage ALL (overall comparison, P=0.065; 5-year EFS, 88+/-+/-13 vs 46+/-14%). In the heterogeneous subgroup with del(11)(q23), National Cancer Institute-Rome risk criteria based on age and leukocyte count had prognostic significance (P=0.04 for overall comparison; 5-year EFS, 64+/-+/-8% (high risk) vs 83+/-+/-6% (standard risk)). This study illustrates the marked clinical heterogeneity among and within subgroups of infants or older children with ALL and specific 11q23 abnormalities, and identifies patients at particularly high risk of failure who may benefit from innovative therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Age Factors
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/ultrastructure
- Cohort Studies
- Combined Modality Therapy
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Disease-Free Survival
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Europe/epidemiology
- Female
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- Infant
- Leukocyte Count
- Male
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/epidemiology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy
- Prednisone/administration & dosage
- Prognosis
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Proto-Oncogenes
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Transcription Factors
- Translocation, Genetic
- Treatment Outcome
- United States/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Pui
- St. Jude Chidren's Research Hospital and University of Tennessee, Memphis, 38105, USA
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43
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Royer-Pokora B, Hildebrandt B, Redmann A, Herold C, Kronenwett R, Haas R, Drechsler M, Wieland C. Simultaneous occurrence of a t(9;22) (Ph) with a t(2;11) in a patient with CML and emergence of a new clone with the t(2;11) alone after imatinib mesylate treatment. Leukemia 2003; 17:807-10. [PMID: 12682644 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/ultrastructure
- Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic
- Clone Cells/ultrastructure
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Follow-Up Studies
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- Hydroxyurea/therapeutic use
- Imatinib Mesylate
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Proto-Oncogenes
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Transcription Factors
- Translocation, Genetic
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44
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Kuefer MU, Chinwalla V, Zeleznik-Le NJ, Behm FG, Naeve CW, Rakestraw KM, Mukatira ST, Raimondi SC, Morris SW. Characterization of the MLL partner gene AF15q14 involved in t(11;15)(q23;q14). Oncogene 2003; 22:1418-24. [PMID: 12618768 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Translocations interrupting the mixed lineage leukemia gene (MLL) occur in 7-10% of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 5-6% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. One of these translocations, t(11;15)(q23;q14), occurs rarely in both ALL and AML. The gene on chromosome 15, AF15q14, was cloned recently in a patient with AML-M4. We have identified the same gene in a de novo T-ALL patient. However, both the MLL and AF15q14 breakpoints in these patients differed: in the previously reported AML-M4, both gene breaks were within exons, while in our ALL case the MLL break is intronic and the AF15q14 break is exonic. The MLL-AF15q14 fusion described previously shares no AF15q14 residues in common with the chimera reported here. The fusion proteins also differ with respect to MLL--the previously described fusion contains 55 extra amino acids as its MLL break is in exon 11, while the chimera we report breaks in intron 9. Contrary to the originally described normal AF15q14 (5925-bp cDNA encoding a 1833-aa protein), we identify a 7542-bp cDNA and a 2342-aa AF15q14 protein. AF15q14 appears identical to an mRNA previously found to be expressed in melanoma rendered nontumorigenic by microcell-mediated introduction of normal chromosome 6, suggesting the gene may function normally to suppress cell growth and/or enhance maturation.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Carrier Proteins
- Chromosome Breakage
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Genetic Complementation Test
- Hematopoiesis/genetics
- Humans
- Introns/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/pathology
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteins/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin U Kuefer
- Landratsamt Ostallgäu, Abteilung Gesundheitswesen, Marktoberdorf, Germany
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45
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Chinwalla V, Chien A, Odero M, Neilly MB, Zeleznik-Le NJ, Rowley JD. A t(11;15) fuses MLL to two different genes, AF15q14 and a novel gene MPFYVE on chromosome 15. Oncogene 2003; 22:1400-10. [PMID: 12618766 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The mixed lineage leukemia gene (MLL, also known as HRX, ALL-1 and Htrx) located at 11q23 is involved in translocations with over 40 different chromosomal bands in a variety of leukemia subtypes. Here we report our analysis of a rare but recurring translocation, t(11;15)(q23;q14). This translocation has been described in a small subset of cases with both acute myeloblastic leukemia and ALL. Recent studies have shown that MLL is fused to AF15q14 in the t(11;15). Here we analyse a sample from another patient with this translocation and confirm the presence of an MLL-AF15q14 fusion. However, we have also identified and cloned another fusion transcript from the same patient sample. In this fusion transcript, MLL is fused to a novel gene, MLL partner containing FYVE domain (MPFYVE). Both MLL-AF15q14 and MLL-MPFYVE are in-frame fusion transcripts with the potential to code for novel fusion proteins. MPFYVE is also located on chromosome 15, approximately 170 kb telomeric to AF15q14. MPFYVE contains a highly conserved motif, the FYVE domain which, in other proteins, has been shown to bind to phosphotidyl-inositol-3 phosphate (PtdIns(3)P). The MLL-MPFYVE fusion may be functionally important in the leukemia process in at least some patients containing this translocation.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Child
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/ultrastructure
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Expressed Sequence Tags
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
- Oncogene Proteins
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/physiology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Proteins/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Chinwalla
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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46
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Abstract
T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare mature T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. While the etiology of T-PLL is unknown, recent progress in unraveling the molecular basis of leukemogenesis has been substantial and may yield novel therapeutic targets. T-PLL is a distinct disease entity and the diagnosis can be readily made based on characteristic clinical features and laboratory findings. Prior to the appearance of pentostatin and alemtuzumab in clinical protocols, outcome for T-PLL patients was exceedingly poor with median survival measured in months. While the use of alemtuzumab in particular has improved remissions, the disease remains incurable. Future collaborative efforts investigating novel treatment approaches will be crucial to improving survival for patients with this disease.
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MESH Headings
- Alemtuzumab
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/therapeutic use
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, X/ultrastructure
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic/genetics
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic/therapy
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic, T-Cell/classification
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic, T-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic, T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic, T-Cell/therapy
- Male
- Pentostatin/therapeutic use
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Thai M Cao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5112, USA
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47
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Stallings RL, Howard J, Dunlop A, Mullarkey M, McDermott M, Breatnach F, O'Meara A. Are gains of chromosomal regions 7q and 11p important abnormalities in neuroblastoma? Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2003; 140:133-7. [PMID: 12645651 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(02)00681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma exhibiting deletion of a segment of the long arm of chromosome 11 represents a genetic subtype of tumor that is distinct from those exhibiting MYCN amplification or 1p deletion. The 11q- genetic subtype is further characterized by gain of 17q and loss of distal 3p material. Gain of 11p material has also been reported in neuroblastoma with 11q loss, but at a considerably lower frequency than gain of 17q or loss of the distal 3p region. Our results, however, indicate that gain of 11p may occur more frequently in 11q- neuroblastoma than what was previously realized. Comparative genomic hybridization analyses of neuroblastoma tissue from eleven patients indicated that six of 11 tumors (55%) with loss of 11q also possessed gain of 11p. The shortest region of 11p gain was 11p11.2-->p14. G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis performed on tumor cells from primary and metastatic sites from one patient allowed us to infer that gain of 11p arose secondarily to the abnormality that led to the loss of 11q material. Gain of an entire chromosome 7 was detected in 17 of 43 (40%) tumors, whereas gain of 7q was detected in 5 of 43 (12%) tumors. Unlike gain of 11p, gain of an entire chromosome 7 appears to be prevalent in all tumor stages and is not limited to the 11q- tumor subtype. Gain of 7q, however, is more prevalent in higher stage tumors. G-band cytogenetic analysis indicated that an unbalanced t(3;7) was responsible for the gain of 7q and loss of 3p material in one case. We discuss the possibility that gain of 7/7q, and 11p material may contribute to either tumorigenesis or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Stallings
- National Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.
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48
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Chen S, Xue Y, Chen Z, Guo Y, Wu Y, Pan J. Generation of the NUP98-TOP1 fusion transcript by the t(11;20) (p15;q11) in a case of acute monocytic leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2003; 140:153-6. [PMID: 12645654 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(02)00642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A rare chromosomal translocation, (11;20)(p15;q11), was detected in a 29-year-old male patient diagnosed with acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) according to the French-American-British classification criteria. Whole chromosome painting analysis with paints for chromosomes 11 and 20 confirmed the result of conventional cytogenetic analysis. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed the NUP98-TOP1 fusion transcript. To our knowledge, this is the second report of the translocation involving NUP98 and TOP1 genes in AMoL. On reviewing the literature, we suggest that t(11;20)(p15q11) is associated with myelocytic disorders rather than lymphocytic proliferative diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Chromosome Painting
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20/ultrastructure
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/genetics
- Fatal Outcome
- Humans
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/pathology
- Lymphocytes/pathology
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myeloid Cells/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Suning Chen
- Leukemia Research Unit, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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49
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Yan J, Whittom R, Delage R, Drouin R. A unique clone involving multiple structural chromosome rearrangements in a myelodysplastic syndrome case. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2003; 140:138-44. [PMID: 12645652 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(02)00682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In a young female patient presenting with a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a unique clone involving six structural chromosome rearrangements was identified using G-banding and molecular cytogenetic techniques. Fifty GTG-banded metaphases from bone marrow were initially analyzed and all metaphases contained all of the six structural chromosome rearrangements. To further define the GTG-banded karyotype, a series of fluorescence in situ hybridization and primed in situ labeling experiments were performed and the karyotype was then characterized as: 46,XX,r(5)(p13q13),der(20)t(5;20),dup(11)(p11.2p15), r(11)(p15q25),del(13)(q14),idic(22)(p11). The patient quickly progressed to acute nonlymphocytic leukemia three months after the diagnosis and died of a hemorrhage in the brain parenchyma two months later. In this case, the multiple structural chromosome rearrangements conferred an obvious cellular proliferative advantage and indicated a very poor prognosis. Considering that multiple chromosome abnormalities associated with MDS transformation are often polyclonal, this unique clone involving six structural chromosome rearrangements make our case highly unusual.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Anemia, Refractory/genetics
- Anemia, Refractory/pathology
- Blast Crisis/genetics
- Blast Crisis/pathology
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/ultrastructure
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Disease Progression
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Prognosis
- Ring Chromosomes
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yan
- Department of Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, Laval University, Québec, PQ, Canada
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50
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Doneda L, Montillo M, Intropido L, Tedeschi A, Morra E, Larizza L. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of del(11)(q23) and del(17)(p13) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. a study of 40 early-onset patients. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2003; 140:31-6. [PMID: 12550755 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(02)00640-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is the most common form of leukemia in Western countries, little is known about its underlying molecular abnormalities and their prognostic significance, particularly for use in early therapeutic interventions in young patients. As TP53 tumor suppressor gene abnormalities and 11q23 deletions are reported to be prognostically adverse in hematologic malignancies, we used interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization to analyze their incidence and prognostic significance in young B-CLL patients. Bone marrow samples from 40 untreated B-CLL patients at diagnosis were studied using five yeast artificial chromosome clones from the 11q23.1 approximately q23.3 chromosomal region and a probe specific for the 17p13.1 locus. Twenty-three patients (58%) carried 11q deletions. Interestingly, 16 of 17 patients (94%) who showed early disease progression exhibited this chromosomal abnormality, suggesting that 11q deletions may help to identify more aggressive disease in early stage patients. In contrast, monoallelic TP53 deletions were found in all of the patients. The TP53 and 11q deletions were only present in a proportion of the clonal B-cells, which suggests that they are secondary events in B-CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Age of Onset
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- B-Lymphocytes/ultrastructure
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/ultrastructure
- Clone Cells/ultrastructure
- Disease Progression
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Genes, p53
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Interphase
- Italy/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/ultrastructure
- Prognosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Doneda
- Department of Biology and Genetics Medical Faculty, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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