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Yang HM, Lung H, Yang MC, Lung FW. DRD4 VNTR 4/4 homozygosity as a genetic biomarker for treatment selection in patients with schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 91:103831. [PMID: 37988928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There seems to be an association between the DRD4 48-bp VNTR polymorphisms and antipsychotic treatment response, but there is a rare reference to confirm this finding. Hence, the present study tried to investigate the association between DRD4 48-bp VNTR polymorphisms and the treatment response of antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia in Taiwan, using a propensity score matching (PSM) method. METHODS A total of 882 participants were enrolled in this study and completed informed consent, research questionnaires, including demographic information and the revised Chinese version Beliefs about Voices Questionnaire, and blood sampling. For descreasing of the selection bias and confounding variables, the PSM nearest neighbor matching method was used to select 765 paitents with schizophrenia (ratio of 1:8 between 85 persistent auditory hallucination and 680 controls) with matched and controlled the age and gender. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients with DRD4 4 R homozygosity had a lower rate of good antipsychotic treatment response than the other DRD4 genotype carriers (DRD4 non-4/4). Among those 4 R homozygosity carriers, 60 cases of 503 (11.9%) retain persistent auditory hallucinations. Furthermore, this subgroup of patients is accounted for up to 70.6% of cases with poor neuroleptic treatment response. CONCLUSIONS A poor treatment outcome for patients with the 4 R homozygosity had presented,that comparing with those DRD non-4/4 genotype carriers. DRD4 VNTR 4 R homozygosity could be a genetic biomarker to predict poor antipsychotic treatment response in schizophrenia. Patients with DRD 4/4 probably receive novel antipsychotic medications preferentially or in combination with alternative therapy, such as psychotherapy or milieu therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ming Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan Lung
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - For-Wey Lung
- Calo Psychiatric Center, Pingtung County, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; International Graduate Program of Education and Human Development, National SunYat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Education, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Colijn MA, Ismail Z. Presenilin Gene Mutation-associated Psychosis: Phenotypic Characteristics and Clinical Implications. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2024; 38:101-106. [PMID: 38227890 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Although psychotic symptoms have been described in association with rare presenilin ( PSEN ) gene mutations underlying early-onset Alzheimer disease (AD), no contemporary reviews on this topic exist. The purpose of this review is to characterize the psychiatric phenotype (specifically with respect to psychosis) of PSEN1 and PSEN2 variant-associated AD. A PubMed search was completed in July 2023. Only articles that described individuals harboring a PSEN1 or PSEN2 mutation who experienced symptoms of psychosis were included in the review. Thirty-three articles describing 52 individuals were included in the review, as well as one other study that provided limited information pertaining to an additional 21 cases. While visual hallucinations were the most common psychotic symptom, followed by persecutory delusions, auditory hallucinations occurred in ~17% of individuals. In ~33% of the reviewed cases psychotic symptoms were present at or near disease onset, and 9 of these individuals experienced auditory hallucinations and/or delusions in the absence of visual hallucinations (~17% of all cases). In many cases, symptoms developed at a relatively young age. As presenilin gene variant-associated psychosis may resemble a primary psychotic disorder, clinicians should be vigilant with respect to screening for signs/symptoms suggestive of neurodegeneration in first-episode psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Colijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Departments of Psychiatry, Clinical Neurosciences, Community Health Sciences, and Pathology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Havers L, von Stumm S, Cardno AG, Freeman D, Ronald A. Psychotic experiences and negative symptoms from adolescence to emerging adulthood: developmental trajectories and associations with polygenic scores and childhood characteristics. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5685-5697. [PMID: 36189779 PMCID: PMC10482726 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic experiences and negative symptoms (PENS) are common in non-clinical populations. PENS are associated with adverse outcomes, particularly when they persist. Little is known about the trajectories of PENS dimensions in young people, nor about the precursory factors associated with these trajectories. METHODS We conducted growth mixture modelling of paranoia, hallucinations, and negative symptoms across ages 16, 17, and 22 in a community sample (N = 12 049-12 652). We then described the emergent trajectory classes through their associations with genome-wide polygenic scores (GPS) for psychiatric and educational phenotypes, and earlier childhood characteristics. RESULTS Three trajectory classes emerged for paranoia, two for hallucinations, and two for negative symptoms. Across PENS, GPS for clinical help-seeking, major depressive disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were associated with increased odds of being in the most elevated trajectory class (OR 1.07-1.23). Lower education GPS was associated with the most elevated trajectory class for hallucinations and negative symptoms (OR 0.77-0.91). Conversely for paranoia, higher education GPS was associated with the most elevated trajectory class (OR 1.25). Trajectory class associations were not significant for schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, or anorexia GPS. Emotional/behaviour problems and life events in childhood were associated with increased odds of being in the most elevated trajectory class across PENS. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest latent heterogeneity in the development of paranoia, hallucinations, and negative symptoms in young people that is associated with specific polygenic scores and childhood characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Havers
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Alastair G. Cardno
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Daniel Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Angelica Ronald
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
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Samra K, Macdougall A, Peakman G, Bouzigues A, Bocchetta M, Cash DM, Greaves CV, Convery RS, van Swieten JC, Jiskoot LC, Seelaar H, Moreno F, Sánchez-Valle R, Laforce R, Graff C, Masellis M, Tartaglia MC, Rowe JB, Borroni B, Finger E, Synofzik M, Galimberti D, Vandenberghe R, de Mendonca A, Butler CR, Gerhard A, Ducharme S, Le Ber I, Tiraboschi P, Santana I, Pasquier F, Levin J, Otto M, Sorbi S, Rohrer JD, Russell LL. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in genetic frontotemporal dementia: developing a new module for Clinical Rating Scales. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023; 94:357-368. [PMID: 36627201 PMCID: PMC10176351 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-330152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current clinical rating scales in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) often do not incorporate neuropsychiatric features and may therefore inadequately measure disease stage. METHODS 832 participants from the Genetic FTD Initiative (GENFI) were recruited: 522 mutation carriers and 310 mutation-negative controls. The standardised GENFI clinical questionnaire assessed the frequency and severity of 14 neuropsychiatric symptoms: visual, auditory, and tactile hallucinations, delusions, depression, anxiety, irritability/lability, agitation/aggression, euphoria/elation, aberrant motor behaviour, hypersexuality, hyperreligiosity, impaired sleep, and altered sense of humour. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify key groupings of neuropsychiatric and behavioural items in order to create a new neuropsychiatric module that could be used as an addition to the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) plus National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Behaviour and Language Domains (NACC FTLD) rating scale. RESULTS Overall, 46.4% of mutation carriers had neuropsychiatric symptoms (51.6% C9orf72, 40.8% GRN, 46.6% MAPT) compared with 24.5% of controls. Anxiety and depression were the most common in all genetic groups but fluctuated longitudinally and loaded separately in the PCA. Hallucinations and delusions loaded together, with the remaining neuropsychiatric symptoms loading with the core behavioural features of FTD. These results suggest using a single 'psychosis' neuropsychiatric module consisting of hallucinations and delusions. Adding this to the CDR plus NACC FTLD, called the CDR plus NACC FTLD-N, leads to a number of participants being scored more severely, including those who were previously considered asymptomatic now being scored as prodromal. CONCLUSIONS Neuropsychiatric symptoms occur in mutation carriers at all disease stages across all three genetic groups. However, only psychosis features provided additional staging benefit to the CDR plus NACC FTLD. Inclusion of these features brings us closer to optimising the rating scale for use in trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Samra
- Dementia Reseach Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Amy Macdougall
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Georgia Peakman
- Dementia Reseach Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Arabella Bouzigues
- Dementia Reseach Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- Dementia Reseach Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - David M Cash
- Dementia Reseach Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline V Greaves
- Dementia Reseach Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Rhian S Convery
- Dementia Reseach Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | | | - Harro Seelaar
- Neurology, Erasmus MC Alzheimer Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fermin Moreno
- Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital Gipuzkoa Building, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Laforce
- Interdisciplinary Memory Clinic, Department of Neurological Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Graff
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mario Masellis
- Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Ageing Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Finger
- Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Dept. of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Eberhard Karls University Tubingen Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neurology Service, KU Leuven University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Christopher R Butler
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Gerhard
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Simon Ducharme
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, FrontLab - Reference Centre for Rare or Early Dementias, IM2A, Département de Neurologie, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Paris, France
- National Reference Center On Rare Dementias, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Pietro Tiraboschi
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Isabel Santana
- Neurology, Hospital and University Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC).IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Inserm U1171, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Memory Clinic, Neurology, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), DZNE, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munchen, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
- IRCCS Firenze, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Firenze, Italy
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Reseach Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Lucy L Russell
- Dementia Reseach Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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van Os J, Pries LK, Ten Have M, de Graaf R, van Dorsselaer S, Delespaul P, Bak M, Kenis G, Lin BD, Luykx JJ, Richards AL, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altınyazar V, Yalınçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Cihan B, Soygür H, Ulaş H, Cankurtaran EŞ, Kaymak SU, Mihaljevic MM, Petrovic SA, Mirjanic T, Bernardo M, Mezquida G, Amoretti S, Bobes J, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Sanjuan J, Aguilar EJ, Santos JL, Jiménez-López E, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Maric NP, Atbaşoğlu C, Ucok A, Alptekin K, Saka MC, Arango C, O'Donovan M, Rutten BPF, Guloksuz S. Evidence, and replication thereof, that molecular-genetic and environmental risks for psychosis impact through an affective pathway. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1910-1922. [PMID: 33070791 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that environmental and genetic risk factors for schizophrenia spectrum disorders are transdiagnostic and mediated in part through a generic pathway of affective dysregulation. METHODS We analysed to what degree the impact of schizophrenia polygenic risk (PRS-SZ) and childhood adversity (CA) on psychosis outcomes was contingent on co-presence of affective dysregulation, defined as significant depressive symptoms, in (i) NEMESIS-2 (n = 6646), a representative general population sample, interviewed four times over nine years and (ii) EUGEI (n = 4068) a sample of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, the siblings of these patients and controls. RESULTS The impact of PRS-SZ on psychosis showed significant dependence on co-presence of affective dysregulation in NEMESIS-2 [relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI): 1.01, p = 0.037] and in EUGEI (RERI = 3.39, p = 0.048). This was particularly evident for delusional ideation (NEMESIS-2: RERI = 1.74, p = 0.003; EUGEI: RERI = 4.16, p = 0.019) and not for hallucinatory experiences (NEMESIS-2: RERI = 0.65, p = 0.284; EUGEI: -0.37, p = 0.547). A similar and stronger pattern of results was evident for CA (RERI delusions and hallucinations: NEMESIS-2: 3.02, p < 0.001; EUGEI: 6.44, p < 0.001; RERI delusional ideation: NEMESIS-2: 3.79, p < 0.001; EUGEI: 5.43, p = 0.001; RERI hallucinatory experiences: NEMESIS-2: 2.46, p < 0.001; EUGEI: 0.54, p = 0.465). CONCLUSIONS The results, and internal replication, suggest that the effects of known genetic and non-genetic risk factors for psychosis are mediated in part through an affective pathway, from which early states of delusional meaning may arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lotta-Katrin Pries
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet Ten Have
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ron de Graaf
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia van Dorsselaer
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Delespaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- FACT, Mondriaan Mental Health, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Bak
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- FACT, Mondriaan Mental Health, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gunter Kenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bochao D Lin
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jurjen J Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- GGNet Mental Health, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander L Richards
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Berna Akdede
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tolga Binbay
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Vesile Altınyazar
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Berna Yalınçetin
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Güvem Gümüş-Akay
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burçin Cihan
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haldun Soygür
- Turkish Federation of Schizophrenia Associations, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halis Ulaş
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey (Discharged by statutory decree No:701 at 8 July 2018 because of signing 'Peace Petition')
| | | | | | - Marina M Mihaljevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Andric Petrovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Mirjanic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Gisela Mezquida
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Silvia Amoretti
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pilar A Saiz
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Paz García-Portilla
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julio Sanjuan
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo J Aguilar
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Santos
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de la Luz, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Estela Jiménez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Manuel Arrojo
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Genómica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (SERGAS), IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gonzalo López
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier González-Peñas
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mara Parellada
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadja P Maric
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Cem Atbaşoğlu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alp Ucok
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Köksal Alptekin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Meram Can Saka
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Celso Arango
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael O'Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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6
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Angelopoulou E, Bougea A, Papageorgiou SG, Villa C. Psychosis in Parkinson's Disease: A Lesson from Genetics. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061099. [PMID: 35741861 PMCID: PMC9222985 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosis in Parkinson's disease (PDP) represents a common and debilitating condition that complicates Parkinson's disease (PD), mainly in the later stages. The spectrum of psychotic symptoms are heterogeneous, ranging from minor phenomena of mild illusions, passage hallucinations and sense of presence to severe psychosis consisting of visual hallucinations (and rarely, auditory and tactile or gustatory) and paranoid delusions. PDP is associated with increased caregiver stress, poorer quality of life for patients and carers, reduced survival and risk of institutionalization with a significant burden on the healthcare system. Although several risk factors for PDP development have been identified, such as aging, sleep disturbances, long history of PD, cognitive impairment, depression and visual disorders, the pathophysiology of psychosis in PD is complex and still insufficiently clarified. Additionally, several drugs used to treat PD can aggravate or even precipitate PDP. Herein, we reviewed and critically analyzed recent studies exploring the genetic architecture of psychosis in PD in order to further understand the pathophysiology of PDP, the risk factors as well as the most suitable therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (A.B.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Anastasia Bougea
- Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (A.B.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Sokratis G. Papageorgiou
- Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (A.B.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-6448-8138
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Zerdazi EH, Curis E, Karsinti E, Icick R, Fortias M, Batel P, Cottencin O, Orizet C, Gay A, Coeuru P, Deschenau A, Lack P, Moisan D, Pelissier-Alicot AL, Plat A, Trabut JB, Kousignian I, Boumendil L, Vicaut E, Prince N, Laplanche JL, Bellivier F, Lépine JP, Marie-Claire C, Brousse G, Vorspan F, Bloch V. Occurrence and severity of cocaine-induced hallucinations: Two distinct phenotypes with shared clinical factors but specific genetic risk factors. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 232:109270. [PMID: 35124387 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cocaine-induced transient hallucinations (CIH) are a frequent complication following cocaine intake that is associated with addiction severity. METHODS Two hundred and forty-two non-psychotic and Caucasian lifetime cocaine users were included in a French multicentric study. Clinical variables and dopamine pathway genotype data were extracted and tested with CIH scores using a zero-inflated binomial model, which allows for the exploration of factors associated with occurrence and severity separately. RESULTS Cocaine dependence (poccurrence= 6.18 × 10-5, pseverity= 9.25 × 10-8), number of cocaine dependence DSM IV-Tr criteria (poccurrence= 1.22 × 10-7, pseverity= 5.09 × 10-6), and frequency of intake during the worst period of misuse (poccurrence= 8.51 × 10-04, pseverity= 0.04) were associated with greater occurrence and higher severity of CIH. The genetic associations did not yield significant results after correction for multiple tests. However, some nominal associations of SNPs mapped to the VMAT2, DBH, DRD1, and DRD2 genes were significant. In the multivariate model, the significant variables were the number of cocaine dependence criteria, lifetime alcohol dependence, and the nominally associated SNPs. CONCLUSION Our study shows that CIH occurrence and severity are two distinct phenotypes, with shared clinical risk factors; however, they likely do not share the same genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Hadi Zerdazi
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie OTeN, Paris F-75006, France; APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, DMU IMPACT, Hôpital Emile ROUX, Service d'addictologie, Limeil Brévannes 94450, France.
| | - Emmanuel Curis
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie OTeN, Paris F-75006, France; EA 7537 BioSTM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, USPC, Paris 75006, France
| | - Emily Karsinti
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie OTeN, Paris F-75006, France; APHP, GHU Nord-Université de Paris, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologigue, Paris 75010, France; Université Paris Nanterre, Laboratoire Clipsyd, Nanterre 92000, France
| | - Romain Icick
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie OTeN, Paris F-75006, France; APHP, GHU Nord-Université de Paris, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologigue, Paris 75010, France
| | - Maeva Fortias
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie OTeN, Paris F-75006, France; APHP, GHU Nord-Université de Paris, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologigue, Paris 75010, France
| | - Philippe Batel
- Centre Hospitalier Camille Claudel, Service d'Addictologie de la Charente, La Couronne 16400, France
| | - Olivier Cottencin
- University of Lille, Inserm U-1172, CHU Lille, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Lille 59000, France
| | - Cyrille Orizet
- APHP, GHU Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, CSAPA Monte-Cristo, Paris 75015, France
| | - Aurélia Gay
- CHU Saint-Etienne, Service d'Addictologie, Saint-Etienne 42000, France
| | | | - Alice Deschenau
- Hôpital Paul Guiraud, CSAPA Clinique Liberté, Ivry-sur-Seine 94200, France
| | - Philippe Lack
- Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, CSAPA, Lyon 69004, France
| | - Delphine Moisan
- APHP, GHU Nord-Université de Paris, Hôpital Beaujon, UTAMA, Clichy 92110, France
| | - Anne-Laure Pelissier-Alicot
- APHM, CHU La Timone, Service de Médecine légale, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille 13385, France
| | - Arnaud Plat
- APHP, GHU Nord-Université de Paris, Hôpital Beaujon, UTAMA, Clichy 92110, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Trabut
- APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, DMU IMPACT, Hôpital Emile ROUX, Service d'addictologie, Limeil Brévannes 94450, France
| | - Isabelle Kousignian
- EA 7537 BioSTM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, USPC, Paris 75006, France
| | - Luana Boumendil
- EA 7537 BioSTM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, USPC, Paris 75006, France
| | - Eric Vicaut
- APHP, GHU Nord-Université de Paris, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Unité de Recherche Clinique, Paris 75010, France
| | - Nathalie Prince
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie OTeN, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Jean-Louis Laplanche
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie OTeN, Paris F-75006, France; APHP, GHU Nord-Université de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, DMU BioGeM, Département de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Paris 75010, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie OTeN, Paris F-75006, France; APHP, GHU Nord-Université de Paris, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologigue, Paris 75010, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Lépine
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie OTeN, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Cynthia Marie-Claire
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie OTeN, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, Service d'Addictologie et Université d'Auvergne EA 7280, UFR de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Florence Vorspan
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie OTeN, Paris F-75006, France; APHP, GHU Nord-Université de Paris, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologigue, Paris 75010, France
| | - Vanessa Bloch
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie OTeN, Paris F-75006, France; APHP, GHU Nord-Université de Paris, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Pharmacie Hospitalière, Paris 75010, France
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Yu M, Du Y, Liu K, Liang X, Huang C, He R, Lei W, Chen J, Chen J, Tan Y, Xiang B. Sleep duration and auditory hallucinations: Genetic correlation and two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Affect Disord 2021; 291:409-414. [PMID: 33994199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have found that sleep problems are associated with psychotic experiences (PEs) across clinical designs, but many confounding factors from uncertain variables have been unclear in observational designs. The aim of the present study was to detect the genetic correlations and causal relationship between sleep-related traits and PEs using the largest current genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. METHODS GWAS results were obtained for positive PEs (N = 116,787-117,794) and sleep-related traits [insomnia complaints (N = 386,533), morningness (N = 345,552), sleep duration (N = 384,317), ease of getting up in the morning (N = 385,949), daytime napping (N = 386,577), daytime sleepiness (N = 386,548), and snoring (N = 359,916)]. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was used to investigate genetic correlations. Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted on trait pairs with significant genetic associations. RESULTS We found that auditory hallucinations were significantly genetically correlated with insomnia complaints (rg = -0.27, p = 1.1 × 10-3), sleep duration (rg = 0.21, p = 9.7 × 10-3), and ease of getting up (rg = 0.31, p = 2 × 10-4). Visual hallucinations and insomnia complaints were highly genetically correlated (rg = 0.36, p = 6.4 × 10-5). Mendelian randomization indicated a unidirectional causal relationship between sleep duration with auditory hallucinations (β = -0.93, p = 7.9 × 10-4 for sleep duration as the exposure). We used large GWAS summary statistics across the LDSC and MR programs to determine that sleep duration as exposure to increase the risk of auditory hallucinations. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggest that treatment of sleep problems should be considered as a higher priority for future mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglan Yu
- Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yanhong Du
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases & Brain Function, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kezhi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases & Brain Function, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xuemei Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases & Brain Function, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chaohua Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases & Brain Function, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rongfang He
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases & Brain Function, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases & Brain Function, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases & Brain Function, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianlin Chen
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China; School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Youguo Tan
- Mental Health Research Center, Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China; Mental Health Research Center, Zigong Institute of Brain Science, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases & Brain Function, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China; Mental Health Research Center, Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China; Mental Health Research Center, Zigong Institute of Brain Science, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China; Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China.
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Zarkali A, McColgan P, Ryten M, Reynolds R, Leyland LA, Lees AJ, Rees G, Weil RS. Differences in network controllability and regional gene expression underlie hallucinations in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2020; 143:3435-3448. [PMID: 33118028 PMCID: PMC7719028 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual hallucinations are common in Parkinson's disease and are associated with poorer prognosis. Imaging studies show white matter loss and functional connectivity changes with Parkinson's visual hallucinations, but the biological factors underlying selective vulnerability of affected parts of the brain network are unknown. Recent models for Parkinson's disease hallucinations suggest they arise due to a shift in the relative effects of different networks. Understanding how structural connectivity affects the interplay between networks will provide important mechanistic insights. To address this, we investigated the structural connectivity changes that accompany visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease and the organizational and gene expression characteristics of the preferentially affected areas of the network. We performed diffusion-weighted imaging in 100 patients with Parkinson's disease (81 without hallucinations, 19 with visual hallucinations) and 34 healthy age-matched controls. We used network-based statistics to identify changes in structural connectivity in Parkinson's disease patients with hallucinations and performed an analysis of controllability, an emerging technique that allows quantification of the influence a brain region has across the rest of the network. Using these techniques, we identified a subnetwork of reduced connectivity in Parkinson's disease hallucinations. We then used the Allen Institute for Brain Sciences human transcriptome atlas to identify regional gene expression patterns associated with affected areas of the network. Within this network, Parkinson's disease patients with hallucinations showed reduced controllability (less influence over other brain regions), than Parkinson's disease patients without hallucinations and controls. This subnetwork appears to be critical for overall brain integration, as even in controls, nodes with high controllability were more likely to be within the subnetwork. Gene expression analysis of gene modules related to the affected subnetwork revealed that down-weighted genes were most significantly enriched in genes related to mRNA and chromosome metabolic processes (with enrichment in oligodendrocytes) and upweighted genes to protein localization (with enrichment in neuronal cells). Our findings provide insights into how hallucinations are generated, with breakdown of a key structural subnetwork that exerts control across distributed brain regions. Expression of genes related to mRNA metabolism and membrane localization may be implicated, providing potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Zarkali
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, 8-11 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Peter McColgan
- Huntington’s Disease Centre, University College London, Russell Square House, London, WC1B 5EH, UK
| | - Mina Ryten
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, 10-12 Russell Square House, London, UK
| | - Regina Reynolds
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, 10-12 Russell Square House, London, UK
| | - Louise-Ann Leyland
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, 8-11 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Andrew J Lees
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Geraint Rees
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17-19 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Rimona S Weil
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, 8-11 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
- Movement Disorders Consortium, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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Larøi F, Marczewski P, Van der Linden M. Further evidence of the multi-dimensionality of hallucinatory predisposition: factor structure of a modified version of the Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale in a normal sample. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 19:15-20. [PMID: 14969776 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(03)00028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2001] [Revised: 07/12/2002] [Accepted: 09/11/2002] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRecent years has seen an increasing interest in the hallucinatory experience, including investigations of its phenomenological prevalence and character both in pathological and normal (predisposed) populations. We investigated the multi-dimensionality of hallucinatory experiences in 265 subjects from the normal population, who completed a modified version of the Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale. Principal components analysis was performed on the data. Four factors were obtained loading on items reflecting (1) sleep-related hallucinatory experiences (2) vivid daydreams (3) intrusive thoughts or realness of thought and (4) auditory hallucinations. The results offer further evidence of the multi-dimensionality of hallucinatory disposition in the normal population. Directions for future research in hallucinatory predisposition are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Larøi
- Service de Neuropsychologie, Université de Liège, Boulevard du Rectorat (B33), Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Montplaisir R, Lee E, Moreno-De-Luca D, Myers WC. Mosaic trisomy 20 and mitigation in capital crimes sentencing: A review and case report. Behav Sci Law 2019; 37:512-521. [PMID: 31389076 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trisomy 20 is a genetic abnormality in which individuals have an extra copy of chromosome 20. Complete trisomy 20 is rare and believed to be incompatible with life. A mosaic form of trisomy 20, in which only some cells or tissues contain the extra chromosome, is a relatively commonly encountered chromosomal abnormality found during prenatal testing, and c. 90% result in a normal phenotype. However, despite the absence of a consistent phenotype, certain findings have been reported across multiple cases of mosaic trisomy 20. These include an array of morphological findings, developmental delays, and learning disabilities. Beyond physical manifestations, a wide range of developmental and learning delays have also been reported. In this work, we provide an overview of the trisomy 20 literature and a case report of a young adult male with mosaic trisomy 20 who committed homicide. His developmental and life history, eventual diagnosis of mosaic trisomy 20, similarities and differences in his condition compared with prior research findings, and potentially new phenotypic findings associated with trisomy 20 that he manifested (childhood visual hallucinations, self-injury, polydactyly) are presented. Additionally, the potential role of this genetic diagnosis in his neuropsychiatric history and its successful application as a mitigating factor at his capital sentencing trial are described. We did not identify other similar cases during our search of major scientific and legal databases. As a backdrop, the use of genetics in criminal trials is on the rise, and courts are increasingly likely to accept behavioral genetics evidence; therefore, it is crucial that the legal system is well acquainted with the opportunities and limitations of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Montplaisir
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Erica Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Daniel Moreno-De-Luca
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wade C Myers
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Sriretnakumar V, Zai CC, Wasim S, Barsanti-Innes B, Kennedy JL, So J. Copy number variant syndromes are frequent in schizophrenia: Progressing towards a CNV-schizophrenia model. Schizophr Res 2019; 209:171-178. [PMID: 31080157 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The genetic underpinnings of schizophrenia (SCZ) remain unclear. SCZ genetic studies thus far have only identified numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms with small effect sizes and a handful of copy number variants (CNVs). This study investigates the prevalence of well-characterized CNV syndromes and candidate CNVs within a cohort of 348 SCZ patients, and explores correlations to their phenotypic findings. There was an enrichment of syndromic CNVs in the cohort, as well as brain-related and immune pathway genes within the detected CNVs. SCZ patients with brain-related CNVs had increased CNV burden, neurodevelopmental features, and types of hallucinations. Based on these results, we propose a CNV-SCZ model wherein specific phenotypic profiles should be prioritized for CNV screening within the SCZ patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venuja Sriretnakumar
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, 250 College Street, Toronto M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Clement C Zai
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, 250 College Street, Toronto M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Syed Wasim
- The Fred A. Litwin Family Centre in Genetic Medicine, University Health Network & Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray Street, Toronto M5T 3L9, Canada
| | - Brianna Barsanti-Innes
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, 250 College Street, Toronto M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, 250 College Street, Toronto M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Joyce So
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, 250 College Street, Toronto M5T 1R8, Canada; The Fred A. Litwin Family Centre in Genetic Medicine, University Health Network & Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray Street, Toronto M5T 3L9, Canada.
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Qian W, Fischer CE, Schweizer TA, Munoz DG. Association Between Psychosis Phenotype and APOE Genotype on the Clinical Profiles of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2018; 15:187-194. [PMID: 28847281 PMCID: PMC6211852 DOI: 10.2174/1567205014666170829114346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosis is a common phenomenon in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The APOE ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for the development of AD, but its association with psychosis remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations between psychosis, subdivided into delusions and hallucinations, as well as APOE ε4 allele on cognitive and functional outcomes. Secondarily, we investigated the associations between APOE ε4, Lewy bodies, and psychosis. METHODS Data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) were used. Nine hundred patients with a confirmed diagnosis of AD based on the NIA-AA Reagan were included in the analysis. Global cognition was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and functional status was assessed using the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ). Psychosis status was determined using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q). Factorial design was used to assess the effects of psychosis and APOE ε4, as well as their interaction. RESULTS Psychosis and the presence of APOE ε4 were both associated with lower MMSE scores, while only psychosis was associated with higher FAQ scores. Furthermore, patients with hallucinations had lower MMSE and higher FAQ scores than patients with only delusions. There was a significant interaction effect between psychosis and APOE ε4 on MMSE scores, with APOE ε4 negatively affecting patients with hallucinations-only psychosis. APOE ε4 was positively associated with the presence of Lewy body pathology, and both were found to be more prevalent in psychotic patients, with a stronger association with hallucinations. CONCLUSION Psychosis in AD was associated with greater cognitive and functional impairments. Patients with hallucinations-with or without delusions-conferred even greater deficits compared to patients with only delusions. The APOE ε4 allele was associated with worse cognition, especially for patients with hallucination-only psychosis. APOE ε4 may mediate cognitive impairment in the hallucinations phenotype through the development of Lewy bodies. Our findings support that subtypes of psychosis should be evaluated separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Qian
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, The Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Corinne E. Fischer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, The Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tom A. Schweizer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, The Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David G. Munoz
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, The Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Pathology, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Crespi B, Read S, Hurd P. Segregating polymorphisms of FOXP2 are associated with measures of inner speech, speech fluency and strength of handedness in a healthy population. Brain Lang 2017; 173:33-40. [PMID: 28609679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We genotyped a healthy population for three haplotype-tagging FOXP2 SNPs, and tested for associations of these SNPs with strength of handedness and questionnaire-based metrics of inner speech characteristics (ISP) and speech fluency (FLU), as derived from the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-BR. Levels of mixed-handedness were positively correlated with ISP and FLU, supporting prior work on these two domains. Genotype for rs7799109, a SNP previously linked with lateralization of left frontal regions underlying language, was associated with degree of mixed handedness and with scores for ISP and FLU phenotypes. Genotype of rs1456031, which has previously been linked with auditory hallucinations, was also associated with ISP phenotypes. These results provide evidence that FOXP2 SNPs influence aspects of human inner speech and fluency that are related to lateralized phenotypes, and suggest that the evolution of human language, as mediated by the adaptive evolution of FOXP2, involved features of inner speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Crespi
- Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Silven Read
- Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Peter Hurd
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
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15
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Abstract
Psychotic disorders and major depression, both typically adult-onset conditions, often co-occur. At younger ages psychotic experiences and depressive symptoms are often reported in the community. We used a genetically sensitive longitudinal design to investigate the relationship between psychotic experiences and depressive symptoms in adolescence. A representative community sample of twins from England and Wales was employed. Self-rated depressive symptoms, paranoia, hallucinations, cognitive disorganization, grandiosity, anhedonia, and parent-rated negative symptoms were collected when the twins were age 16 (N = 9618) and again on a representative subsample 9 months later (N = 2873). Direction and aetiology of associations were assessed using genetically informative cross-lagged models. Depressive symptoms were moderately correlated with paranoia, hallucinations, and cognitive disorganization. Lower correlations were observed between depression and anhedonia, and depression and parent-rated negative symptoms. Nonsignificant correlations were observed between depression and grandiosity. Largely the same genetic effects influenced depression and paranoia, depression and hallucinations, and depression and cognitive disorganization. Modest overlap in environmental influences also played a role in the associations. Significant bi-directional longitudinal associations were observed between depression and paranoia. Hallucinations and cognitive disorganization during adolescence were found to impact later depression, even after controlling for earlier levels of depression. Our study shows that psychotic experiences and depression, as traits in the community, have a high genetic overlap in mid-adolescence. Future research should test the prediction stemming from our longitudinal results, namely that reducing or ameliorating positive and cognitive psychotic experiences in adolescence would decrease later depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M S Zavos
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK;
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Plomin
- Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alastair G Cardno
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Daniel Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angelica Ronald
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of London, London, UK
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Taylor MJ, Gregory AM, Freeman D, Ronald A. Do sleep disturbances and psychotic-like experiences in adolescence share genetic and environmental influences? J Abnorm Psychol 2015; 124:674-684. [PMID: 25938536 PMCID: PMC4532318 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances regularly co-occur with clinical psychotic disorders and dimensions of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). One possible explanation for this, which has yet to be tested, is that similar genetic or environmental influences underlie sleep disturbances and vulnerability to PLEs. We conducted a twin study to test this possibility in relation to sleep disturbances and six specific PLEs in adolescence in the general population. Approximately 5,000 16-year-old twin pairs completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index. PLEs were assessed using the Specific PLEs Questionnaire, comprising five self-report subscales (Paranoia, Hallucinations, Cognitive Disorganization, Grandiosity, and Anhedonia) and one parent-report subscale (Negative Symptoms). The associations between these measures were tested using structural equation twin model fitting. Paranoia, Hallucinations, and Cognitive Disorganization displayed moderate and significant correlations with both sleep measures (0.32-.42), while Negative Symptoms, Anhedonia, and Grandiosity showed lower correlations (0.01-0.17). Genetic and environmental influences significantly overlapped across PLEs (Paranoia, Hallucinations, Cognitive Disorganization) and both types of sleep disturbance (mean genetic and nonshared environmental correlations = 0.54 and 0.24, respectively). These estimates reduced, yet remained significant, after controlling for negative affect. The association between PLEs with sleep disturbances in adolescence is partly due to genetic and environmental influences that are common to them both. These findings indicate that the known neurobiology of sleep disturbance may provide clues regarding the causes of PLEs in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Taylor
- Genes Environment Lifespan Laboratory, Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London
| | | | | | - Angelica Ronald
- Genes Environment Lifespan Laboratory, Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London
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Smeets F, Lataster T, Viechtbauer W, Delespaul P. Evidence that environmental and genetic risks for psychotic disorder may operate by impacting on connections between core symptoms of perceptual alteration and delusional ideation. Schizophr Bull 2015; 41:687-97. [PMID: 25217481 PMCID: PMC4393682 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relational models of psychopathology propose that symptoms are dynamically connected and hypothesize that genetic and environmental influences moderate the strength of these symptom connections. Previous findings suggest that the interplay between hallucinations and delusions may play a crucial role in the development of psychotic disorder. The current study examined whether the connection between hallucinations and delusions is impacted by proxy genetic and environmental risk factors. METHODS Hallucinations and delusions at baseline and at 3-year follow-up were assessed in a sample of 1054 healthy siblings and 918 parents of 1109 patients with psychosis, and in 589 healthy controls (no familial psychosis risk). Environmental factors assessed were cannabis use, childhood trauma, and urbanicity during childhood. Logistic regression analyses tested whether familial psychosis risk predicted increased risk of delusions, given presence of hallucinations. Moderating effects of environmental factors on the hallucination-delusion association were tested in a similar fashion, restricted to the control and sibling groups. RESULTS The risk of delusions, given hallucinations, was associated with proxy genetic risk: 53% in parents, 47% in siblings, and 36% in controls. The hallucination-delusion association was stronger in those reporting cannabis use (risk difference: 32%) and childhood trauma (risk difference: 15%) although not all associations were statistically conclusive (respectively: p = .037; p = .054). A directionally similar but nonsignificant effect was found for urb anicity during childhood (risk difference: 14%, p =.357). CONCLUSION The strength of the connection between delusions and hallucinations is associated with familial and environmental risks for psychotic disorder, suggesting that specific symptom connections in the early psychosis psychopathology network are informative of underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feikje Smeets
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke Lataster
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Viechtbauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Philippe Delespaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Abstract
ABSTRACT:Background:Clinical diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is based on the classical triad of rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus and abnormal EEG. The 200k mutation within the gene encoding PrP, located on the short arm of chromosome 20, accounts for more than 70% of families with CJD worldwide.Case Report:Herein, we report a patient who developed persistent dry cough and classical signs of CJD, including severe cognitive decline, cerebellar signs, and myoclonic jerks, leading to death a few weeks after disease onset. Mutation screening showed that he had the 200k point mutation in the PRNP gene. His mother had died twenty years earlier with neuropathologically confirmed CJD. She had presented a rapidly progressive ataxia with myoclonus, dementia, visual hallucinations, and the same persistent dry cough.Conclusions:The clinical presentation of this familial CJD case with persistent dry cough is quite unusual. Therefore, a neurological etiology should be sought when confronted with an unexplained persistent cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Larue
- Department of Neurological Sciences, CHAUQ - Enfant-Jésus, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Jardri R, Bartels-Velthuis AA, Debbané M, Jenner JA, Kelleher I, Dauvilliers Y, Plazzi G, Demeulemeester M, David CN, Rapoport J, Dobbelaere D, Escher S, Fernyhough C. From phenomenology to neurophysiological understanding of hallucinations in children and adolescents. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40 Suppl 4:S221-32. [PMID: 24936083 PMCID: PMC4141307 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Typically reported as vivid, multisensory experiences which may spontaneously resolve, hallucinations are present at high rates during childhood. The risk of associated psychopathology is a major cause of concern. On the one hand, the risk of developing further delusional ideation has been shown to be reduced by better theory of mind skills. On the other hand, ideas of reference, passivity phenomena, and misidentification syndrome have been shown to increase the risk of self-injury or heteroaggressive behaviors. Cognitive psychology and brain-imaging studies have advanced our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying these early-onset hallucinations. Notably, specific functional impairments have been associated with certain phenomenological characteristics of hallucinations in youths, including intrusiveness and the sense of reality. In this review, we provide an update of associated epidemiological and phenomenological factors (including sociocultural context, social adversity, and genetics, considered in relation to the psychosis continuum hypothesis), cognitive models, and neurophysiological findings concerning hallucinations in children and adolescents. Key issues that have interfered with progress are considered and recommendations for future studies are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Jardri
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Department,University Medical Centre Lille, Lille, France; Lille Nord de France University, UDSL, Functional Neurosciences & Disorders Lab, Lille, France;
| | - Agna A Bartels-Velthuis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Debbané
- Adolescence Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jack A Jenner
- Jenner Consult Haren & Audito, Practice for Child & Adolescent Voice Hearers, Ten Boer, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Kelleher
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- Sleep unit, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, CHU Montpellier & National Reference Network for Narcolepsy, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Morgane Demeulemeester
- Lille Nord de France University, UDSL, Functional Neurosciences & Disorders Lab, Lille, France; Lautréamont Clinic, ORPEACLINEA Group, Loos, France
| | - Christopher N David
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Judith Rapoport
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dries Dobbelaere
- National Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases in Child and Adulthood, University Children's Hospital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
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Cederlöf M, Ostberg P, Pettersson E, Anckarsäter H, Gumpert C, Lundström S, Lichtenstein P. Language and mathematical problems as precursors of psychotic-like experiences and juvenile mania symptoms. Psychol Med 2014; 44:1293-1302. [PMID: 23942194 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713002018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and juvenile mania in adolescence index risk for severe psychopathology in adulthood. The importance of childhood problems with communication, reading, speech and mathematics for the development of PLEs and juvenile mania is not well understood. METHOD Through the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, we identified 5812 children. The parents were interviewed about their children's development at age 9 or 12 years. At age 15 or 18 years, children and parents completed questionnaires targeting current PLEs and juvenile mania symptoms. Logistic regressions were used to assess associations between problems with communication, reading, speech and mathematics and PLEs/juvenile mania symptoms. To evaluate the relative importance of genes and environment in these associations, we used bivariate twin analyses based on structural equation models. RESULTS Children with parent-endorsed childhood problems with communication, reading and mathematics had an increased risk of developing auditory hallucinations and parental-reported juvenile mania symptoms in adolescence. The most consistent finding was that children with childhood problems with communication, reading and mathematics had an increased risk of developing auditory hallucinations [for example, the risk for self-reported auditory hallucinations at age 15 was increased by 96% for children with communication problems: OR (odds ratio) 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-2.88]. The twin analyses showed that genetic effects accounted for the increased risk of PLEs and juvenile mania symptoms among children with communication problems. CONCLUSIONS Childhood problems with communication, reading and mathematics predict PLEs and juvenile mania symptoms in adolescence. Similar to the case for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, PLEs and juvenile mania may share genetic aetiological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cederlöf
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Ostberg
- Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Pettersson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Anckarsäter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Forensic Psychiatry, Lund University, Sweden
| | - C Gumpert
- Section of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Lundström
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Zucchelli F. Getting heard. The Hearing Voices Movement. Ment Health Today 2014:12-13. [PMID: 24600810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Kang WS, Park JK, Kim SK, Park HJ, Lee SM, Song JY, Chung JH, Kim JW. Genetic variants of GRIA1 are associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia in Korean population. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:10697-703. [PMID: 23053966 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors are important for glutamate synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA receptor 1 gene (GRIA1) belongs to the family of AMPA receptors. There is increasing evidence that AMPA receptors dysfunction may be related to an increased susceptibility to schizophrenia. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms of GRIA1 are associated with schizophrenia and their clinical symptoms (hallucinations and delusions) in Korean population. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1428920, rs1552834, rs1422889, rs10035143, and rs2926835) of the GRIA1 were genotyped in 218 schizophrenia patients and 380 healthy controls, using a direct sequencing. All patients were evaluated by the Operational Criteria Checklist for Psychotic Illness. The genotype and allelic frequencies of rs1428920 and rs2926835 showed significant association between schizophrenia and controls (rs1428920, permutation p = 0.008, 0.008; rs2926835, permutation p = 0.038, 0.041, respectively). A significantly increased risk of schizophrenia was associated with the A allele of rs1428920 and rs2926835 of GRIA1. Furthermore, we found that rs1428920 was weakly associated with hallucinations of schizophrenia, but this significance disappeared after multiple testing (permutation p = 0.119). These results suggest that GRIA1 polymorphism may have influence upon the risk of developing schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Sub Kang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Snowden JS, Rollinson S, Lafon C, Harris J, Thompson J, Richardson AM, Jones M, Gerhard A, Neary D, Mann DMA, Pickering-Brown S. Psychosis, C9ORF72 and dementia with Lewy bodies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012; 83:1031-2. [PMID: 22832738 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-303032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Hallucinations are common in normal individuals and patients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Traditionally psycho-social approaches have emphasized the importance of environmental factors that contribute to variation of hallucinations. Using the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale-Revised (LSHS-R), we investigated genetic and environmental influences on hallucinations in 598 pairs of healthy South Korean adolescent twins. Parameter estimates in the best-fitting model indicated that additive genetic and individual specific environmental factors for the LSHS-R were 33% (95% CI: 23-42%) and 67% (95% CI: 60-77%), respectively. There was no evidence for sex-specific genes for hallucinations. The magnitudes of genetic and environmental influences on hallucinations were similar in males and females. These results have implications in future molecular genetic studies that search for genes for hallucinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Mi Hur
- Industry-Academics Cooperation, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea.
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Spalletta G, Piras F, Gravina P, Bello ML, Bernardini S, Caltagirone C. Glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 risk polymorphism and increased bilateral thalamus mean diffusivity in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2012; 203:180-3. [PMID: 22959778 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage in brain cells is one of the factors hypothesized to be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) A1*B polymorphism, a genotype associated with a higher risk of oxidative damage, is associated with increased frequency of schizophrenia diagnosis. Thus, here we studied Glutathione S-transferase (GST) A1 polymorphism and diffusion tensor imaging-mean diffusivity (MD) data on deep grey matter brain structures in 56 patients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revised (DSM-IV-TR) schizophrenia. Clinical diagnosis and psychopathological symptom severity were assessed by using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR (SCID-P) and the Scales for Assessment of Positive and Negative Symptoms (SAPS and SANS). Results confirmed that patients with schizophrenia who were carriers of the GSTA1 *B risk allele had an increased MD in bilateral thalami and increased severity of auditory and global hallucinations in comparison with non-B carriers. Thus, oxidative stress associated factors may be implicated in specific mechanisms of schizophrenia such as altered microstructure of the thalami and specific psychopathological features of auditory hallucinations.
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Vergult S, Dauber A, Chiaie BD, Van Oudenhove E, Simon M, Rihani A, Loeys B, Hirschhorn J, Pfotenhauer J, Phillips JA, Mohammed S, Ogilvie C, Crolla J, Mortier G, Menten B. 17q24.2 microdeletions: a new syndromal entity with intellectual disability, truncal obesity, mood swings and hallucinations. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 20:534-9. [PMID: 22166941 PMCID: PMC3330218 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although microdeletions of the long arm of chromosome 17 are being reported with increasing frequency, deletions of chromosome band 17q24.2 are rare. Here we report four patients with a microdeletion encompassing chromosome band 17q24.2 with a smallest region of overlap of 713 kb containing five Refseq genes and one miRNA. The patients share the phenotypic characteristics, such as intellectual disability (4/4), speech delay (4/4), truncal obesity (4/4), seizures (2/4), hearing loss (3/4) and a particular facial gestalt. Hallucinations and mood swings were also noted in two patients. The PRKCA gene is a very interesting candidate gene for many of the observed phenotypic features, as this gene plays an important role in many cellular processes. Deletion of this gene might explain the observed truncal obesity and could also account for the hallucinations and mood swings seen in two patients, whereas deletion of a CACNG gene cluster might be responsible for the seizures observed in two patients. In one of the patients, the PRKAR1A gene responsible for Carney Complex and the KCNJ2 gene causal for Andersen syndrome are deleted. This is the first report of a patient with a whole gene deletion of the KCNJ2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vergult
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Marleen Simon
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Rihani
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Loeys
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department for Medical Genetics, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joel Hirschhorn
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean Pfotenhauer
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John A Phillips
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - John Crolla
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK
| | | | - Björn Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Goldman JG, Marr D, Zhou L, Ouyang B, Leurgans SE, Berry-Kravis E, Goetz CG. Racial differences may influence the role of cholecystokinin polymorphisms in Parkinson's disease hallucinations. Mov Disord 2011; 26:1781-2. [PMID: 21506165 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Rivero O, Sanjuan J, Aguilar EJ, Gonzalez JC, Molto MD, de Frutos R, Najera C. Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and auditory hallucinations in psychosis. Rev Neurol 2010; 50:325-332. [PMID: 20309830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To study the role of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) in the emotional processing of auditory hallucinations can be particularly important to better understand the pathophysiology of auditory hallucinations. Moreover, a poly-morphism located in this gene (5-HTTLPR) has been previously associated with different disorders related to altered emotional responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between different polymorphisms of the SLC6A4 gene and different aspects of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenic patients, with a special consideration toward the emotional response to auditory hallucinations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Two samples of 224 patients with auditory hallucinations and 346 healthy subjects were studied. AH were assessed in patients through the PSYRATS scale for auditory hallucinations. Several polymorphisms located within the SLC6A4 gene were analysed through case-control comparisons as well as association analyses with different parameters of auditory hallucinations. RESULTS No differences were found between patients and controls for any of the analysed polymorphisms (p > 0.05). However, the evaluation of auditory hallucinations parameters showed that the low expressing alleles of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism were associated with higher levels of intensity of the distress caused by auditory hallucinations (p = 0.049 corrected for the item 'intensity of distress'). There was also a trend with the parameter disruption (p = 0.06 corrected). These two items of the PSYRATS scale are directly related to the emotional dimension of auditory hallucinations. In contrast, we did not observe any association with items related to other dimensions of auditory hallucinations. CONCLUSIONS Our results support a possible role of the serotonin transporter in the emotional response to auditory hallucinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rivero
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, España.
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Kontaxakis VP, Ferentinos PP, Havaki-Kontaxaki BJ, Papadimitriou GN. Genetic vulnerability and isotretinoin-induced psychiatric adverse events. World J Biol Psychiatry 2010; 11:158-9. [PMID: 20109108 DOI: 10.3109/15622970903449853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Source monitoring consists in identifying the origin of mental events. Recent research suggests that confusions over internally generated mental events may represent a cognitive marker for increased proneness to psychotic symptoms and disorders. We have examined source monitoring for actions in adolescents with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), a neurogenetic disease associated with high rates of schizophrenia during adulthood, and expected to observe source monitoring deficits in comparison to IQ-matched and typically developing controls. METHOD Eighteen adolescents with 22q11DS, 17 adolescents matched for age and IQ, and also 17 adolescents matched for age participated in this study. Our adapted action monitoring paradigm asked subjects to visualize a series of actions in three different conditions: (1) visualize themselves performing the action; (2) visualize the experimenter performing the action; or (3) simply repeat the action statements without visualization of the action performer. RESULTS The adolescents with 22q11DS performed adequately in terms of recognition (hits), but in comparison to both control groups, they committed more source confusions on correctly recognized items. Further examination revealed that the adolescents were more likely to demonstrate confusions between exterior sources in which the self was not involved. CONCLUSIONS Source monitoring deficits can be observed in adolescents with 22q11DS, a syndrome putting them at high risk for developing schizophrenia. These deficits are discussed in terms of early cognitive processes associated with genetic risk for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Debbané
- Service Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland.
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Kessler H, Kraft S. [Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Sotos syndrome. Case report and review of the literature]. Neuropsychiatr 2008; 22:38-42. [PMID: 18381056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sotos syndrome, or cerebral gigantism, is a rare genetic syndrome characterized by excessive growth during childhood, macrocephaly, distinctive facial gestalt and learning difficulties. It is caused by mutations or deletions of the NSD-1 gene. Most cases are sporadic. Apart from a number of physical abnormalities that are commonly present, a high prevalence of cognitive, emotional and behavioural problems in children with Sotos syndrome can be assumed. However, there has been almost no literature about psychiatric symptoms in adults with Sotos syndrome so far; one case of psychosis was reported. In the present case, the authors present psychopathological features of an adult patient with Sotos syndrom who developed - among other things - psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Kessler
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes.
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Rege S, Winter K. XXYY syndrome with schizophrenia: implications for genetic research in psychotic spectrum disorders. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2007; 41:854-5. [PMID: 17828661 DOI: 10.1080/00048670701583720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Toirac I, Sanjuán J, Aguilar EJ, González JC, Artigas F, Rivero O, Nájera C, Moltó MD, de Frutos R. Association between CCK-AR gene and schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations. Psychiatr Genet 2007; 17:47-53. [PMID: 17413443 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0b013e3280298292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies on a possible association between CCK-AR polymorphisms and schizophrenia have been controversial. The aim of the present study was to assess a potential association between schizophrenic patients with auditory hallucinations and polymorphisms of the CCK-AR gene. METHODS A set of single nucleotide polymorphisms mainly located in the regulatory region of the CCK-AR gene was analysed in a sample of 163 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-IV-diagnosed schizophrenic patients and 162 healthy controls. RESULTS Significant differences in the genotype (P=0.011) and allele (P=0.0009) frequencies of the +121C/G SNP (located in the 5' regulatory region) were found between patients and controls. The excess of the C allele in the patient group remained significant after Bonferroni correction (P=0.03). However, functional in vitro assays, did not reveal significant differences on gene expression between +121G and +121C alleles of this SNP. Further investigations revealed two risk haplotypes: +121C/+978A/+984T (P=0.01) and +121C/+978T/+984C (P=0.0091) as well as a protective haplotype: +121G/+978T/+984T (P=0.0001). CONCLUSION Our data support a possible role of the CCK-AR gene in the vulnerability to schizophrenia in patients with auditory hallucinations, and suggest remarkable allele heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette Toirac
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Cholecystokinin A receptor (CCK-AR) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia through its mediation of dopamine-release in the central nervous system. Several studies have observed the association between the CCK-AR gene and schizophrenia. Especially, the association has been repeatedly observed between the 779T/C polymorphism and auditory hallucinations or positive symptoms of schizophrenia. In this study, we investigated the association between the 779T/C polymorphism of the CCK-AR gene and schizophrenia in 290 Japanese patients with schizophrenia and 290 controls. As a result, no significant difference was observed in genotypic distributions or allelic frequencies between the patients and controls, although there was a trend for the association between the C allele of the polymorphism and hallucination (P=0.024) or hallucinatory-paranoid state (P=0.049). In conclusion, the present results may not provide evidence for the association between the CCK-AR gene and schizophrenia in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Minato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Heier MS, Evsiukova T, Vilming S, Gjerstad MD, Schrader H, Gautvik K. CSF hypocretin-1 levels and clinical profiles in narcolepsy and idiopathic CNS hypersomnia in Norway. Sleep 2007; 30:969-73. [PMID: 17702265 PMCID: PMC1978385 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/30.8.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between CSF hypocretin-1 levels and clinical profiles in narcolepsy and CNS hypersomnia in Norwegian patients. METHOD CSF hypocretin-1 was measured by a sensitive radioimmunoassay in 47 patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy, 7 with narcolepsy without cataplexy, 10 with idiopathic CNS hypersomnia, and a control group. RESULTS Low hypocretin-1 values were found in 72% of the HLA DQB1*0602 positive patients with narcolepsy and cataplexy. Patients with low CSF hypocretin-1 levels reported more extensive muscular involvement during cataplectic attacks than patients with normal levels. Hypnagogic hallucinations and sleep paralysis occurred more frequently in patients with cataplexy than in the other patient groups, but with no correlation to hypocretin-1 levels. CONCLUSION About three quarters of the HLA DQB1*0602 positive patients with narcolepsy and cataplexy had low CSF hypocretin-1 values, and appear to form a distinct clinical entity. Narcolepsy without cataplexy could not be distinguished from idiopathic CNS hypersomnia by clinical symptoms or biochemical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Skard Heier
- Department of Neurology, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Boydell J, Dean K, Dutta R, Giouroukou E, Fearon P, Murray R. A comparison of symptoms and family history in schizophrenia with and without prior cannabis use: implications for the concept of cannabis psychosis. Schizophr Res 2007; 93:203-10. [PMID: 17462864 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2007.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Revised: 03/11/2007] [Accepted: 03/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable interest in cannabis use in psychosis. It has been suggested that the chronic psychosis associated with cannabis use, is symptomatically distinct from idiopathic schizophrenia. Several studies have reported differences in psychopathology and family history in people with schizophrenia according to whether or not they were cannabis users. We set out to test the hypotheses arising from these studies that cannabis use is associated with more bizarre behaviour, more thought disorder, fewer negative symptoms including blunted affect, more delusions of reference, more paranoid delusions and a stronger family history of schizophrenia. METHOD We used a case register that contained 757 cases of first onset schizophrenia, 182 (24%) of whom had used cannabis in the year prior to first presentation, 552 (73%) had not and 3% had missing data. We completed the OPCRIT checklist on all patients and investigated differences in the proportion of people with distractibility, bizarre behaviour, positive formal thought disorder, delusions of reference, well organised delusions, any first rank symptom, persecutory delusions, abusive/accusatory hallucinations, blunted affect, negative thought disorder, any negative symptoms (catatonia, blunted affect, negative thought disorder, or deterioration), lack of insight, suicidal ideation and a positive family history of schizophrenia, using chi square tests. Logistic regression modelling was then used to determine whether prior cannabis use affected the presence of the characteristics after controlling for age, sex and ethnicity. RESULTS There was no statistically significant effect of cannabis use on the presence of any of the above. There remained however a non-significant trend towards more insight (OR 0.65 p=0.055 for "loss of insight") and a finding of fewer abusive or accusatory hallucinations (OR 0.65 p=0.049) of borderline significance amongst the cannabis users. These were in the hypothesised direction. There was no evidence of fewer negative symptoms or greater family history amongst cannabis users. CONCLUSION We found few appreciable differences in symptomatology between schizophrenic patients who were or were not cannabis users. There were no differences in the proportion of people with a positive family history of schizophrenia between cannabis users and non-users. This argues against a distinct schizophrenia-like psychosis caused by cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Boydell
- Division of Psychological Medicine, PO Box 63, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
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Kiferle L, Ceravolo R, Petrozzi L, Rossi C, Frosini D, Rocchi A, Siciliano G, Bonuccelli U, Murri L. Visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease are not influenced by polymorphisms of serotonin 5-HT2A receptor and transporter genes. Neurosci Lett 2007; 422:228-31. [PMID: 17614196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Revised: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and hallucinations are observed in nearly 40% of PD patients. The involvement of dopaminergic system in the pathogenesis of psychosis has been sustained by most of the authors even if several evidences indicate that multiple neurochemical substrates might underlie psychosis in PD. In PD there is an extensive loss of serotoninergic raphe neurons and serotonin dysfunction had been implicated in the pathogenesis of many psychiatric disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, and in psychosis of patients with Alzheimer disease. The association of a serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and the 5-HT2A receptor T102C polymorphism with psychosis in a group of patients with PD was investigated. No significant differences in the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of the 5-HTTLPR (p>0.01) and 5-HT2A T102C (p>0.05) were found between patients and controls as well as between the patients' subgroups without and with psychosis. These data might suggest that 5-HTTLPR and 5-HT2A polymorphisms are not major susceptibility factors of psychotic symptoms in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Kiferle
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pisa, via Roma 67, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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Michelucci R, Mecarelli O, Bovo G, Bisulli F, Testoni S, Striano P, Striano S, Tinuper P, Nobile C. A DE NOVO LGI1 MUTATION CAUSING IDIOPATHIC PARTIAL EPILEPSY WITH TELEPHONE-INDUCED SEIZURES. Neurology 2007; 68:2150-1. [PMID: 17562837 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000264932.44153.3c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Michelucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Kurz MW, Schlitter AM, Klenk Y, Mueller T, Larsen JP, Aarsland D, Dekomien G. FMR1 alleles in Parkinson's disease: relation to cognitive decline and hallucinations, a longitudinal study. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2007; 20:89-92. [PMID: 17548778 DOI: 10.1177/0891988706297737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carriers of expanded alleles of the fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene may display parkinsonism, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. The authors screened 2 male groups of patients affected with Parkinson's disease (PD) (n = 137). One group (n = 56) was followed longitudinally for up to 12 years. Length of CGG repeats in PD patients was compared with healthy controls (n = 310). In addition, the association of the number of CGG repeats with cognitive decline or hallucinations was studied in the longitudinally followed PD group. The authors found no repeats in the premutation range (55-200 CGG repeats) and no significant difference in the proportion of intermediate-size (41-54 CGG repeats) carriers between the PD and the control groups. Using linear regression, the number of CGG repeats was not related to motor or cognitive progression. However, the marked cognitive decline in 2 patients carrying intermediate-size alleles points to a possible association. More studies with larger PD samples are warranted.
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DeRosse P, Hodgkinson CA, Lencz T, Burdick KE, Kane JM, Goldman D, Malhotra AK. Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 genotype and positive symptoms in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2007; 61:1208-10. [PMID: 17054920 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Revised: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Converging evidence has demonstrated an association between the Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene and schizophrenia (SZ). Within the DISC1 gene, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), Ser704Cys, has been associated with the structure and function of the hippocampus. Because positive symptoms in SZ have also been associated with hippocampal structure and function, we hypothesized that variation in a DISC1 haplotype containing Ser704Cys would be significantly associated with positive symptomatology in SZ. METHODS We tested for an association between variation in a haplotype block within the DISC1 gene containing Ser704Cys and lifetime history of positive symptoms in 199 Caucasian patients with SZ. RESULTS We detected significant associations between a DISC1 haplotype containing Ser704Cys and Ser704Cys genotype and lifetime severity of delusions in SZ. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that that the effect of DISC1 genetic variation might be associated with positive symptoms in patients with SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela DeRosse
- Department of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, New York 11004, USA.
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Thomas P, Mathur P, Gottesman II, Nagpal R, Nimgaonkar VL, Deshpande SN. Correlates of hallucinations in schizophrenia: A cross-cultural evaluation. Schizophr Res 2007; 92:41-9. [PMID: 17350224 PMCID: PMC5443754 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2007.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Demographic, clinical and familial factors may plausibly influence the manifestation of hallucinations. It is unclear if the pattern of the effects is similar in different environmental/cultural settings. AIMS To evaluate factors associated with hallucination from a demographic, clinical and familial perspective in two distinct cultural settings. METHODS Patients with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia (SZ) or schizoaffective disorder (SZA) were diagnosed systematically using DSM IV criteria. Two independent samples were recruited in India and USA using identical inclusion/exclusion criteria and assessment procedures (n=1287 patients total; 807 Indian and 480 US participants). The association of key demographic and clinical factors with hallucinations of different modalities was examined. To evaluate the impact of familial factors, we separately analyzed correlations among affected sibling pairs (ASPs, n=136, Indian; n=77, US). RESULTS The prevalence of different modalities of hallucinations differed in the Indian and US samples, though the rank order of frequency was similar. The pattern of associations between selected variables and the risk of hallucinations was different across cultures, except for some correlations with indices of severity. No significant concordance was observed among the ASPs after correcting for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS The factors associated with hallucinations vary across environments. Our results are consistent with a multi-factorial etiology of psychopathology, but re-direct attention to endophenotypic features in the causal chain that precede the symptoms themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thomas
- Indo-US project "Genetic Susceptibility in Schizophrenia", Department of Psychiatry, Dr. RML Hospital, Delhi, India
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is associated with progressively dysfunctional gene expression in the limbic system of the brain. The thalamus and primary visual cortex are thought to be initially spared of Alzheimer-type changes that ravage the association neocortex. In this study, using DNA arrays and Western immunoassay, gene expression patterns were examined in the thalamus and primary visual cortex of moderate-stage and late-stage Alzheimer's disease and age-matched controls using a set of proinflammatory genes known to be upregulated in the temporal lobe neocortex and hippocampus of moderate-stage Alzheimer's disease. The data indicate that, in late-stage Alzheimer's disease, proinflammatory and proapoptotic gene expression spreads into the primary visual sensory cortex. This upregulation of pathological gene expression could be, in part, responsible for the visual disturbances associated with end-stages of the Alzheimer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Cui
- LSU Neuroscience Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2272, USA
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Holmes C, McCulley M, Nicoll JAR, Alder JT, Chen CPLH, Francis PT. Genetic variation in the 5-HT2A receptor and altered neocortical [3H] ketanserin binding in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2007; 420:58-60. [PMID: 17481814 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Revised: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A common intronic single nucleotide polymorphism (T102C) in the 5-HT2A receptor gene is associated with the development of different neuropsychiatric symptoms, including hallucinations and depressive symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Differential 5-HT2A receptor binding has also been associated with the development of these symptoms in AD. However, the relationship between 5-HT2A (T102C) genotype and 5-HT2A receptor binding in AD and control human brains has not been examined. We examined the association between different 5-HT2A (T102C) genotypes and [(3)H] ketanserin binding in the temporal and frontal cortex of 20 AD and 14 control human brains. In homozygotes, but not heterozygotes, there was a significant reduction in B(max) values for [(3)H] ketanserin binding in both areas of cortex in AD compared with control subjects. This study suggests a mechanism for the generation of different neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD from a single nucleotide polymorphism with reduced receptor binding in T102C 5-HT2A receptor gene homozygotes correlating with susceptibility to depressive symptoms, whereas the relative preservation of receptor binding in heterozygotes with AD correlating with susceptibility to hallucinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Holmes
- University of Southampton, Clinical Neurosciences Research Division, Memory Assessment and Research Centre, Moorgreen Hospital, Botley Rd., Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Pritchard AL, Harris J, Pritchard CW, Coates J, Haque S, Holder R, Bentham P, Lendon CL. The effect of the apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms and haplotypes on behavioural and psychological symptoms in probable Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78:123-6. [PMID: 16980336 PMCID: PMC2077651 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.092122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Alzheimer's disease and dementia commonly suffer from behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). A genetic component to BPSD development in Alzheimer's disease has been demonstrated. Several studies have investigated whether the exon 4 epsilon2/epsilon3/epsilon4 haplotype of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is associated with BPSD, with variable results. OBJECTIVE We investigated the exon 4 polymorphisms and extended this study to include promoter polymorphisms and the resultant haplotypes across the gene. METHODS Our large independent cohort of 388 patients with longitudinal measures of BPSD assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory was used to analyse whether any of these variants were associated with the presence of BPSD. RESULTS We revealed several significant relationships before correction for multiple testing. The exon 4 haplotype was associated with hallucinations and anxiety, A-491T with irritability, T-427C with agitation/aggression and appetite disturbances, and T-219C with depression. Haplotype analyses of all variants did not reveal any statistically significant findings. CONCLUSIONS Our data and a review of previous studies showed a diversity of relationships, suggesting that these findings might be due to chance and so collectively do not support a role for the APOE gene in BPSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Pritchard
- Molecular Psychiatry Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Goes FS, Zandi PP, Miao K, McMahon FJ, Steele J, Willour VL, Mackinnon DF, Mondimore FM, Schweizer B, Nurnberger JI, Rice JP, Scheftner W, Coryell W, Berrettini WH, Kelsoe JR, Byerley W, Murphy DL, Gershon ES, Depaulo JR, McInnis MG, Potash JB. Mood-incongruent psychotic features in bipolar disorder: familial aggregation and suggestive linkage to 2p11-q14 and 13q21-33. Am J Psychiatry 2007; 164:236-47. [PMID: 17267786 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.2007.164.2.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mood-incongruent psychotic features in bipolar disorder may signify a more severe form of the illness and might represent phenotypic manifestations of susceptibility genes shared with schizophrenia. This study attempts to characterize clinical correlates, familial aggregation, and genetic linkage in subjects with these features. METHOD Subjects were drawn from The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Genetics Initiative Bipolar Disorder Collaborative cohort, consisting of 708 families recruited at 10 academic medical centers. Subjects with mood-incongruent and mood-congruent psychotic features were compared on clinical variables. Familial aggregation was tested using a proband-predictive model and generalized estimating equations. A genome-wide linkage scan incorporating a mood-incongruence covariate was performed. RESULTS Mood-incongruent psychotic features were associated with an increased rate of hospitalization and attempted suicide. A proband with mood-incongruence predicted mood-incongruence in relatives with bipolar I disorder when compared with all other subjects and when compared with subjects with mood-congruent psychosis. The presence of mood-incongruent psychotic features increased evidence for linkage on chromosomes 13q21-33 and 2p11-q14. These logarithm of the odds ratio (LOD) scores and their increase from baseline met empirical genome-wide suggestive criteria for significance. CONCLUSIONS Mood-incongruent psychotic features showed evidence of a more severe course, familial aggregation, and suggestive linkage to two chromosomal regions previously implicated in major mental illness susceptibility. The 13q21-33 finding supports prior evidence of bipolar disorder/schizophrenia overlap in this region, while the 2p11-q14 finding is, to the authors' knowledge, the first to suggest that this schizophrenia linkage region might also harbor a bipolar disorder susceptibility gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando S Goes
- Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe St., Meyer 4-119, Baltimore, MD 21287-7419, USA
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Papapetropoulos S, Farrer MJ, Stone JT, Milkovic NM, Ross OA, Calvo L, McQuorquodale D, Mash DC. Phenotypic associations of tau and ApoE in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2007; 414:141-4. [PMID: 17204369 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Revised: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Overlaps in clinical, pathological and molecular features of Parkinson's disease (PD), dementing and motor tauopathies have prompted association studies in search of common genetic risk factors that may predispose or modify this spectrum of disorders. To explore possible phenotypic implications, we studied common tau and ApoE gene polymorphisms, associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and PD, in a clinically and pathologically characterized cohort of PD patients and aged control subjects. Our results reveal a novel association between PD-related hallucinations and H1H1 genotype. We also report an association between PDD and the presence of the ApoE epsilon4 allele. Better determination of subsets of PD patients based upon the presence of specific phenotypic features may improve the accuracy of association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiridon Papapetropoulos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
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Brunelin J, d'Amato T, Brun P, Bediou B, Kallel L, Senn M, Poulet E, Saoud M. Impaired verbal source monitoring in schizophrenia: an intermediate trait vulnerability marker? Schizophr Res 2007; 89:287-92. [PMID: 17029909 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2006.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 08/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia, particularly those with positive symptoms show impaired verbal source monitoring. Specific cognitive deficits have been observed during both active and remission phases of the illness as well as in groups of unaffected first degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia. This type of schizophrenia vulnerability marker may precede the onset of frank psychotic symptoms and contribute to their developments. The aim of this study was first to determine if unaffected siblings were impaired in discriminate internal vs. external generated events when compared to their remitted schizophrenics relatives and healthy subjects. Performances of healthy subjects were then compared with results from previous studies with acute hallucinating patients, acute non-hallucinating patients and patients with resistant auditory verbal hallucinations. Compared with healthy subjects, unaffected siblings are impaired (effect size, ES=0.7), remitted or acute non-hallucinating patients are more impaired than siblings (ES=1.4); patients with verbal auditory hallucinations (acute or resistant) are even more impaired than non-hallucinating patients (ES=2.1). Our results suggest that a source monitoring deficit could be considered as an intermediate vulnerability marker of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Brunelin
- EA3092, University Lyon1, Service du Pr Daley, CH le Vinatier, IFR19, France.
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Gitlin MC, Taylor BK, Kalarickal PL, Lonseth ED. Does Dysregulation of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Predispose to Opioid-Induced Hallucinations? A Report of a Patient with Microdeletion of Chromosome 22 and Opioid-Associated Hallucinations. Pain Med 2007; 8:84-6. [PMID: 17244108 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Velocardiofacial syndrome is a genetic disorder associated with a microdeletion on the long arm of chromosome 22, and this segment is responsible for coding catechol-O-methyltransferase, an enzyme involved in dopamine degradation. We submit a case of velocardiofacial syndrome and Madelung deformity of the wrists presenting with hallucinatory phenomena associated with opioid exposure. Overactivity of the dopaminergic system has been postulated to cause schizophrenia in this population, and here we speculate that dysregulation of dopamine metabolism may have predisposed our patient to an increased risk of opioid-induced hallucinations. Further research is necessary to explore this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin C Gitlin
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2699, USA.
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