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Zhu Q, Yang X, Lv Y. HERC4 modulates ovarian cancer cell proliferation by regulating SMO-elicited hedgehog signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130557. [PMID: 38181892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HERC4 has been reported to have functions in several types of tumors, but its roles in ovarian cancer have not been studied yet. METHODS Primary tissues from ovarian cancer patients and cell lines were collected for real-time PCR. Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used to predict the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. HERC4 was overexpressed in cells by lentivirus, and CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate cell viability. Real-time PCR and Western blot were carried out to analyze the mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Xenograft tumor models were established to analyze HERC4 function in vivo. RESULTS Firstly, we found that HERC4 was significantly downregulated in ovarian cancer. We then found that ovarian cancer patients with high HERC4 expression had significantly higher overall survival and progression-free survival rates compared with patients with low expression. Then, HERC4 was overexpressed in ovarian cancer cells, and we found that overexpression of HERC4 significantly inhibited ovarian cancer cell growth, as well as the expression of the target protein SMO, and the key proteins in the downstream hedgehog signaling pathway. Finally, the xenograft tumor models revealed that overexpression of HERC4 significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results indicate that overexpression of HERC4 inhibits cell proliferation of ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that HERC4 may serve as an effective target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjuan Zhu
- N19 District Gynecology, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou First Hospital, Anji Road, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China.
| | - Xin Yang
- N19 District Gynecology, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou First Hospital, Anji Road, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yuchun Lv
- N19 District Gynecology, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou First Hospital, Anji Road, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China.
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2
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Lu G, Zhong H, Gao J, Zhang Y. Alginate microspheres encapsulating hox transcript antisense RNA siRNA regulate the Hedgehog-Gli1 pathway to alleviate epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors resistance. J Biomater Appl 2024; 38:877-889. [PMID: 38261797 DOI: 10.1177/08853282241228667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA HOTAIR and the Hedgehog-Gli1 signaling pathway are closely associated with tumor occurrence and drug resistance in various cancers. However, their specific roles in the development of EGFR-TKIs resistance in non-small cell carcinoma remain unclear. To address the issue of EGFR-TKIs resistance, this study utilized the electrospray method to prepare sodium alginate microspheres encapsulating HOTAIR siRNA (SA/HOTAIR siRNA) and investigated its effects on RNA interference (RNAi) in the gefitinib-resistant cell line PC9/GR. Furthermore, the study explored whether HOTAIR could modulate EGFR-TKIs resistance through the Hedgehog-GLi1 signaling pathway. The experimental results showed that sodium alginate (SA) microspheres demonstrated excellent biocompatibility with high encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading capacity, effectively enhancing the silencing efficiency of siRNA. HOTAIR siRNA significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of PC9/GR cells while promoting apoptosis. Additionally, HOTAIR siRNA effectively suppressed tumor growth and downregulated the Hedgehog-GLi1 pathway and anti-apoptotic proteins, which were confirmed in animal experiments. Moreover, SA/HOTAIR siRNA exhibited superior inhibition of cellular and tumor functions compared to using HOTAIR siRNA alone. Clinical research findings indicated that monitoring the expression level of HOTAIR in the serum and urine samples of NSCLC patients before and after receiving EGFR-TKIs treatment can predict the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs to a certain extent. This study provided evidence that HOTAIR siRNA effectively mitigated the development of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs by inhibiting the Hedgehog-GLi1 pathway. Furthermore, it introduced a reliable and long-lasting drug delivery system for combating acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojie Lu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Zhong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaosen Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Dayer D, Bayati V, Ebrahimi M. Manipulation of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Maintenance, Differentiation, and Endocrine Activity of Insulin-Producing Cells: A Systematic Review. Iran J Med Sci 2024; 49:65-76. [PMID: 38356490 PMCID: PMC10862108 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.95425.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Some studies have evaluated the manipulation of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway to generate more efficient insulin-producing cells (IPCs). In a systematic review, we evaluated in vitro and in vivo studies on the effect of inhibition or activation of the Shh pathway on the production, differentiation, maintenance, and endocrine activity of IPCs. Methods A systematic review was conducted using all available experimental studies published between January 2000 and November 2022. The review aimed at determining the effect of Shh manipulation on the differentiation of stem cells (SCs) into IPCs. Keywords and phrases using medical subject headings were extracted, and a complete search was performed in Web of Science, Embase, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. The inclusion criteria were manipulation of Shh in SCs, SCs differentiation into IPCs, and endocrine activity of mature IPCs. Articles with incomplete data and duplications were excluded. Results A total of 208 articles were initially identified, out of which 11 articles were included in the study. The effect of Shh inhibition in the definitive endoderm stage to produce functional IPCs were confirmed. Some studies showed the importance of Shh re-activation at late-stage differentiation for the generation of efficient IPCs. It is proposed that baseline concentrations of Shh in mature pancreatic β-cells affect insulin secretion and endocrine activities of the cells. However, Shh overexpression in pancreatic β-cells ultimately leads to improper endocrine function and inadequate glucose-sensing insulin secretion. Conclusion Accurate manipulation of the Shh signaling pathway can be an effective approach in the production and maintenance of functional IPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Dayer
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Bayati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mina Ebrahimi
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Tuncer Z, Kurar E, Duran T. Investigation of the effect of belinostat on MCF-7 breast cancer stem cells via the Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog signaling pathway. Saudi Med J 2024; 45:121-127. [PMID: 38309728 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.2.20230478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate belinostat's (PXD101) activity on MCF-7 breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) via Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog. METHODS This research study was carried out at the Department of Medical Biology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey, from June 2017 to July 2019. The effect of PXD101 on MCF-7 cell viability was determined by cell proliferation kit (XTT). Following belinostat treatment, CD44+/CD24- MCF-7 CSCs were isolated by FACS. Ribonucleic acid isolation and copy-deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis were carried out using HEK-293 cells, MCF-7 cells, and MCF-7 CSCs. Expression changes of metastasis-related genes, Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, and stem cell markers were analysed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The IC50 in MCF-7 cancer cells was 5 μM for 48 hours. The FACS analysis indicated that 2% of the MCF-7 cancer cells were CSCs. Following belinostat treatment, the MCF-7 cell count decreased by 44%, and the MCF-7 CD44+/CD24- CSC count decreased by 66%. RESULTS Belinostat treatment reduced the expression of metastasis, Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, and stem cell marker genes. CONCLUSION Belinostat has a potential effect on the differentiation and self-renewal of breast CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Tuncer
- From the Department of Medical Biology (Tuncer, Kurar), Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, from the Department of Medical Biology (Tuncer); and from the Department of Medical Genetics (Duran), Faculty of Medicine, KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ercan Kurar
- From the Department of Medical Biology (Tuncer, Kurar), Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, from the Department of Medical Biology (Tuncer); and from the Department of Medical Genetics (Duran), Faculty of Medicine, KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Tugçe Duran
- From the Department of Medical Biology (Tuncer, Kurar), Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, from the Department of Medical Biology (Tuncer); and from the Department of Medical Genetics (Duran), Faculty of Medicine, KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
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Liu BW, Cao JL, Wang Y, Zhao X, Zeng Q, Liu WP, Zhang JH, Fan YZ, Dou J. GANT61, an inhibitor of Gli1, inhibits the proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Investig Med 2024; 72:181-192. [PMID: 37724700 DOI: 10.1177/10815589231204056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been implicated in many cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among them, the terminal glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1) regulates the expression of critical genes in the Hh pathway. The current study aims to evaluate the anti-HCC effect of the Gli1 inhibitor, GANT61. In vitro analysis including cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, and migration and invasion assay were adopted to evaluate the effect of GANT61 on HCC cell lines. In vivo, xenograft studies were also performed to verify the effect of GANT61 on HCC. By CCK-8 assay, we found that GANT61 could significantly reduce the growth of HCC cell lines Huh7 and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLE), and their IC50 concentrations were 4.481 and 6.734 μM, respectively. Flow cytometry shows that GANT61 induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and accelerated apoptosis of both HLE and Huh7 cells. While migration and invasion assay shows that GANT61 weakens cells' migration and invasion ability. Besides that, GANT61 inhibits the expression of Gli1, FoxM1, CyclinD1, and Bcl-2, upregulates the level of Bax protein, and also reverses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition program by downregulating the expression of Vimentin and N-Cadherin and upregulating the expression of epithelial E-Cadherin expression. Furthermore, GANT61 inhibits the growth of subcutaneous xenografts of Huh7 cells in nude mice. Overall, this study suggests that Gli1 is a potential target for therapy and GANT61 shows promising therapeutic potential for future treatment in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Wang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jing-Lin Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wen-Peng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jun-Hong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yi-Ze Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jian Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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Huang A, Xu T, Lu X, Ma L, Ma H, Yu Y, Yao L. Shh-Gli2-Runx2 inhibits vascular calcification. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2024; 39:305-316. [PMID: 37451818 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), vascular calcification (VC) is common and is associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Shh, one ligand for Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, participates in osteogenesis and several cardiovascular diseases. However, it remains unclear whether Shh is implicated in the development of VC. METHODS Inorganic phosphorus 2.6 mM was used to induce vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification. Mice were fed with adenine diet supplement with 1.2% phosphorus to induce VC. RESULTS Shh was decreased in VSMCs exposed to inorganic phosphorus, calcified arteries in mice fed with an adenine diet, as well as radial arteries from patients with CKD presenting VC. Overexpression of Shh inhibited VSMCs ostosteoblastic differentiation and calcification, whereas its silencing accelerated these processes. Likewise, mice treated with smoothened agonist (SAG; Hh signaling agonist) showed alleviated VC, and mice treated with cyclopamine (CPN; Hh signaling antagonist) exhibited severe VC. Additionally, overexpression of Gli2 significantly reversed the pro-calcification effect of Shh silencing on VSMCs, suggesting that Shh inhibited VC via Gli2. Mechanistically, Gli2 interacted with Runx2 and promoted its ubiquitin proteasomal degradation, therefore protecting against VC. Of interest, the pro-degradation effect of Gli2 on Runx2 was independent of Smurf1 and Cullin4B. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided deeper insight to the pathogenesis of VC, and Shh might be a novel potential target for VC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoran Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiying Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqiu Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Shenyang Engineering Technology R&D Center of Cell Therapy Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Lin Q, Yu T, Li X, Lin X, Fan Y, Xu L. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells inhibited inflammation of bronchial epithelial cells by regulating Hedgehog pathway. Eur J Histochem 2023; 67:3908. [PMID: 38085254 PMCID: PMC10773195 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) in regulating inflammation of bronchial epithelial cells. Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) was used to induce inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells. Cell proliferation was detected through CCK8 and cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V and propidium iodide double staining. E-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were detected by immunofluorescence, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in culture medium supernatant were detected by ELISA. The expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA, Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Gli1 and Snail was detected by Western blot analysis. Compared with the control group, bronchial epithelial cells treated with TGF-β1 showed significantly decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, increased secretion of TNF-α and IL-6, increased expression of α-SMA, Shh, Gli1 and Snail and decreased E-cadherin expression. However, co-culture with UCMSCs inhibited TGF-β1-induced changes in human bronchial epithelial cell proliferation, apoptosis, secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 and activation of the Hedgehog pathway. In conclusion, UCMSCs have protective effects on TGF-β1-induced inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells by regulating the Hedgehog pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fuzhou No.1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian.
| | - Tianxing Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fuzhou No.1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian.
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fuzhou No.1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian.
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fuzhou No.1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian.
| | - Yong Fan
- Cent Lab, Fuzhou No.1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian.
| | - Liyu Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fuzhou No.1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian.
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Luzzi AJ, Ferrer X, Fang F, Golman M, Song L, Marshall BP, Lee AJ, Kim JJ, Hung CT, Thomopoulos S. Hedgehog Activation for Enhanced Rotator Cuff Tendon-to-Bone Healing. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:3825-3834. [PMID: 37897335 PMCID: PMC10821775 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231203210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotator cuff repair is a common orthopaedic procedure, yet the rate of failure to heal after surgery is high. Repair site rupture is due to poor tendon-to-bone healing and lack of regeneration of the native fibrocartilaginous enthesis. During development, the enthesis is formed and mineralized by a pool of progenitors activated by hedgehog signaling. Furthermore, hedgehog signaling drives regenerative enthesis healing in young animals, in contrast to older animals, in which enthesis injuries heal via fibrovascular scar and without participation of hedgehog signaling. HYPOTHESIS Hedgehog activation improves tendon-to-bone healing in an animal model of rotator cuff repair. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 78 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Supraspinatus tendon injury and repair were completed bilaterally, with microsphere-encapsulated hedgehog agonist administered to right shoulders and control microspheres administered to left shoulders. Animals were sacrificed after 3, 14, 28, or 56 days. Gene expression and histological, biomechanical, and bone morphometric analyses were conducted. RESULTS At 3 days, hedgehog signaling pathway genes Gli1 (1.70; P = .029) and Smo (2.06; P = .0173), as well as Runx2 (1.69; P = .0386), a transcription factor of osteogenesis, were upregulated in treated relative to control repairs. At 14 days, transcription factors of tenogenesis, Scx (4.00; P = .041), and chondrogenesis, Sox9 (2.95; P = .010), and mineralized fibrocartilage genes Col2 (3.18; P = .031) and Colx (1.85; P = .006), were upregulated in treated relative to control repairs. Treatment promoted fibrocartilage formation at the healing interface by 28 days, with improvements in tendon-bone maturity, organization, and continuity. Treatment led to improved biomechanical properties. The material property strength (2.43 vs 1.89 N/m2; P = .046) and the structural property work to failure (29.01 vs 18.09 mJ; P = .030) were increased in treated relative to control repairs at 28 days and 56 days, respectively. Treatment had a marginal effect on bone morphometry underlying the repair. Trabecular thickness (0.08 vs 0.07 mm; P = .035) was increased at 28 days. CONCLUSION Hedgehog agonist treatment activated hedgehog signaling at the tendon-to-bone repair site and prompted increased mineralized fibrocartilage production. This extracellular matrix production and mineralization resulted in improved biomechanical properties, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of hedgehog agonism for improving tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff repair. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of hedgehog agonist treatment for improving tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Luzzi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xavier Ferrer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fei Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mikhail Golman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lee Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brittany P. Marshall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andy J. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jieon J. Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Clark T. Hung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stavros Thomopoulos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Silva CS, Kudlyk T, Tryndyak VP, Twaddle NC, Robinson B, Gu Q, Beland FA, Fitzpatrick SC, Kanungo J. Gene expression analyses reveal potential mechanism of inorganic arsenic-induced apoptosis in zebrafish. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:1872-1882. [PMID: 37501093 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that sodium arsenite (200 mg/L) affected the nervous system and induced motor neuron development via the Sonic hedgehog pathway in zebrafish larvae. To gain more insight into the effects of arsenite on other signaling pathways, including apoptosis, we have performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction array-based gene expression analyses. The 96-well array plates contained primers for 84 genes representing 10 signaling pathways that regulate several biological functions, including apoptosis. We exposed eggs at 5 h postfertilization until the 72 h postfertilization larval stage to 200 mg/L sodium arsenite. In the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription, nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and Wingless/Int-1 signaling pathways, the expression of only one gene in each pathway was significantly altered. The expression of multiple genes was altered in the p53 and oxidative stress pathways. Sodium arsenite induced excessive apoptosis in the larvae. This compelled us to analyze specific genes in the p53 pathway, including cdkn1a, gadd45aa, and gadd45ba. Our data suggest that the p53 pathway is likely responsible for sodium arsenite-induced apoptosis. In addition, sodium arsenite significantly reduced global DNA methylation in the zebrafish larvae, which may indicate that epigenetic factors could be dysregulated after arsenic exposure. Together, these data elucidate potential mechanisms of arsenic toxicity that could improve understanding of arsenic's effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Silva
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Tetyana Kudlyk
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Volodymyr P Tryndyak
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Nathan C Twaddle
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Bonnie Robinson
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Qiang Gu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Frederick A Beland
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Suzanne C Fitzpatrick
- Office of the Center Director, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Jyotshna Kanungo
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
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10
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Zhang Q, Zou W, He L, Zhang C, Wang Y. The Sonic hedgehog pathway inhibitor GDC0449 induces autophagic death in human Medulloblastoma Daoy cells. Ultrastruct Pathol 2023; 47:529-539. [PMID: 37953603 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2270676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a frequently occurring malignant brain tumor in children, and many of these tumors are identified by the abnormal activation of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway. Although the Shh inhibitor GDC0449 initially shows some effectiveness in certain tumors, they eventually recur due to drug resistance mechanisms, highlighting the need for new treatment options. In this study, we explore whether GDC0449 induces autophagy in the human MB cell lines. To investigate the ultrastructural pathology changes of GDC0449-treated Daoy and D283 cells, we employed Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) technology to identify the expression of autophagic vacuoles. Our results indicate that GDC0449 only increases autophagy in Daoy cells by increasing the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and autophagosome formation.We also analyzed Beclin1, LC3, Bax, and Cleaved-caspase3 protein and mRNA expression levels of autophagic and apoptotic markers using fluorescence confocal microscopy, RT-PCR, and Western blot. We found that cell autophagy and apoptosis increased in a dose-dependent manner with GDC0449 treatment. Additionally, we observed increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and decreased protein kinase B (AKT/PKB), Ribosomal Protein S6, eIF4E-binding protein (4EBP1) phosphorylation in GDC0449-treated Daoy cells. It was observed that inhibiting autophagy using Beclin1 siRNA significantly blocked the apoptosis-inducing effects of GDC0449, suggesting that GDC0449 mediates its apoptotic effects by inducing autophagy.Our data suggests that GDC0449 inhibits the growth of human MB Daoy cells by autophagy-mediated apoptosis. The mechanism of GDC0449-induced autophagy in Daoy cells may be related to the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Ultrastructural Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjing Zou
- Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Longtao He
- Ultrastructural Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Ultrastructural Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Neural Reconstructional Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ge M, Zhu J, Yi K, Chen Y, Cao W, Wang M, Xie C, Li X, Geng S, Wu J, Zhong C, Cao H, Jiang Z, Han H. Diallyl trisulfide inhibits gastric cancer stem cell properties through ΔNp63/sonic hedgehog pathway. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1673-1685. [PMID: 37477518 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the deadliest malignant tumors, and half of the patients develop recurrences or metastasis within 5 years after eradication therapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be important in this progress. The sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway plays an important role in the maintenance of gastric CSCs characteristics. The p63 proteins are vital transcription factors belonging to the p53 family, while their functions in regulating CSCs remain unclear. The preventive effects of dietary diallyl trisulfide (DATS) against human gastric cancer have been verified. However, whether DATS can target gastric CSCs are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of ΔNp63/SHH pathway in gastric CSCs and the inhibitory effect of DATS on gastric CSCs via ΔNp63/SHH pathway. We found that ΔNp63 was upregulated in serum-free medium cultured gastric tumorspheres compared with the parental cells. Overexpression of ΔNp63 elevated the self-renewal capacity and CSC markers' levels in gastric sphere-forming cells. Furthermore, we found that ΔNp63 directly bound to the promoter region of Gli1, the key transcriptional factor of SHH pathway, to enhance its expression and to activate SHH pathway. In addition, it was revealed that DATS effectively inhibited gastric CSC properties both in vitro and in vivo settings. Activation of SHH pathway attenuated the suppressive effects of DATS on the stemness of gastric cancer. Moreover, DATS suppression of gastric CSC properties was also diminished by ΔNp63 upregulation through SHH pathway activation. These findings illustrated the role of ΔNp63/SHH pathway in DATS inhibition of gastric cancer stemness. Taken together, the present study suggested for the first time that DATS inhibited gastric CSCs properties by ΔNp63/SHH pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianyun Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Division of Nutrition, Suzhou Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research Center, North District of Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kefan Yi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanshuang Cao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Menghuan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunfeng Xie
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanshan Geng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jieshu Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Division of Cancer Research, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Chen KY, Cheng CJ, Chen YJ, Chiu CH, Wang LC. Protective effect of benzaldehyde combined with albendazole against brain injury induced by Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in mice. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106963. [PMID: 37666435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis, also known as rat lungworm, is an important food-borne zoonotic parasite that causes severe neuropathological damage and symptoms, including eosinophilic meningitis and eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, in humans. At present, the therapeutic strategy for cerebral angiostrongyliasis remains controversial. Benzaldehyde, an important bioactive constituent of Gastrodia elata (Tianma), reduces oxidative stress by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of benzaldehyde in combination with albendazole on angiostrongyliasis in animal models. First, the data from body weight monitoring and behavioural analyses demonstrated that benzaldehyde improved body weight and cognitive function changes after A. cantonensis infection. Next, blood‒brain barrier breakdown and pathological changes were reduced after benzaldehyde and albendazole treatment in BALB/c mice infected with A. cantonensis. Subsequently, four RNA-seq datasets were established from mouse brains that had undergone different treatments: normal, infection, infection + albendazole, and infection + albendazole + 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde groups. Ultimately, benzaldehyde was found to regulate cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and Sonic Hedgehog signalling in mouse brains infected with A. cantonensis. This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of benzaldehyde on angiostrongyliasis, and provided a potential therapeutic strategy for human angiostrongyliasis in the clinical setting. Moreover, the molecular mechanism of benzaldehyde in mouse brains infected with A. cantonensis was elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yao Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Molecular Infectious Disease Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ju Cheng
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Chen Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Molecular Infectious Disease Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Kiliç KC, Yazir Y, Öztürk A, Halbutoğullari ZS, Mert S, Gacar G, Duruksu G. Investigation of impacts of decellularized heart extracellular matrix and VEGF on cardiomyogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell through Notch/Hedgehog signaling pathways. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102195. [PMID: 37573608 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Decellularization is the process to obtain natural scaffolds with tissue integrity and extracellular matrix components, and recellularization is used to produce tissue-like constructs with specific cell types. In this study, rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBM-MSCs) were cultured on decellularized heart extracellular matrix. These cells were then induced to differentiate into cardiomyogenic cells under the stimulatory effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other chemicals. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the cardiac extracellular matrix and VEGF on cardiomyogenic differentiation in the context of the Notch and Hedgehog signaling pathways. METHODS Heart samples extracted from rats were decellularized by serial application of detergent to remove cells from the tissue, and then recellularized with rBM-MSCs. The recellularized tissue matrices were then analyzed for cardiomyogenesis. Cardiomyogenic differentiation was performed on decellularized heart extracellular matrix (ECM; three-dimensional scaffolds) and culture plates (two-dimensional cell culture system) for 28 days to understand the effects of the heart extracellular matrix. In addition, differentiation was induced with and without the stimulatory effect of VEGF to understand the effect of VEGF on cardiomyogenic differentiation of rBM-MSCs. RESULTS Immunofluorescence staining showed that decellularization of the heart was performed effectively and successfully. After decellularization process, the heart extracellular matrix was completely free of cells. It was observed that rBM-MSCs transplanted onto the heart extracellular matrix remained viable and proliferated for 21 days after recellularization. The rBM-MSCs promoted cardiomyogenic differentiation in the conventional differentiation medium but were inversely affected by both VEGF and heart extracellular matrix proteins. Lower expression of connexin43 and cardiac troponin I genes was observed in cells induced by either matrix proteins or VEGF, compared to cells differentiated by chemical agents alone. CONCLUSION In this study, we investigated the effect of decellularized heart extracellular matrix and VEGF on cardiomyogenic differentiation of rBM-MSCs. On the decellularized cardiac extracellular matrix, rBM-MSCs maintained their viability by adhering to the matrix and proliferating further. The adhesion of the cells to the matrix also produced a physical stimulus that led to the formation of histological structures resembling myocardial layers. Chemical stimulation of the decellularized heart extracellular matrix and cardiomyogenic differentiation supplements resulted in increased expression of cardiomyogenic biomarkers through modulation of the Notch and Hedgehog signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Can Kiliç
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yusufhan Yazir
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Öztürk
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Zehra Seda Halbutoğullari
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Serap Mert
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Gacar
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Duruksu
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Xu L, Ji C, Yu T, Luo J. The effects of Gli1 and Gli2 on BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102168. [PMID: 37478645 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Diseases, such as bone nonunion with bone defects, osteoporosis, etc, seriously endanger people's quality of life, and bone tissue engineering based on mesenchymal stem cells is an effective method to solve such problems. Several studies have shown that BMP9 can effectively promote osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Gli1 and Gli2 were important transcription factors and play an important role in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated the role of Gli1 and Gli2 in BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. We found that inhibition of Gli1 and Gli2 weakened BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, and early osteogenic markers (alkaline phosphatase, ALP), late osteogenic markers (calcium salt deposition), the expression of pivotal osteogenic markers were attenuated, and inhibition of Gli1 and Gli2 weakened the expression of p-Smad1/5/8 and p-p38 induced by BMP9. In conclusion, our study shows that Gli1 and Gli2 play an important role in BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, China
| | - Caixia Ji
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang N, Shan W, Gao L, Kou SH, Lu C, Yang H, Peng B, Tam KY, Lee LTO, Zheng J. Repurposing the Hedgehog pathway inhibitor, BMS-833923, as a phosphatidylglycerol-selective membrane-disruptive colistin adjuvant against ESKAPE pathogens. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106888. [PMID: 37328075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The rapid emergence and spread of multi-drug- or pan-drug-resistant bacterial pathogens, such as ESKAPE, pose a serious threat to global health. However, the development of novel antibiotics is hindered by difficulties in identifying new antibiotic targets and the rapid development of drug resistance. Drug repurposing is an effective alternative strategy for combating antibiotic resistance that both saves resources and extends the life of existing antibiotics in combination treatment regimens. Screening of a chemical compound library identified BMS-833923 (BMS), a smoothened antagonist that kills Gram-positive bacteria directly, and potentiates colistin to destroy various Gram-negative bacteria. BMS did not induce detectable antibiotic resistance in vitro, and showed effective activity against drug-resistant bacteria in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that BMS caused membrane disruption by targeting the membrane phospholipids phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin, promoting membrane dysfunction, metabolic disturbance, leakage of cellular components, and, ultimately, cell death. This study describes a potential strategy to enhance the efficacy of colistin and combat multi-drug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wenying Shan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Liangliang Gao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Si Hoi Kou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Chang Lu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bo Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Kin Yip Tam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Leo Tsz On Lee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Jun Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
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Zhang J, Li H, Xu Z, Lu J, Cao C, Shen H, Li X, You W, Chen G. Oestrogen ameliorates blood-brain barrier damage after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage via the SHH pathway in male rats. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2023; 8:217-228. [PMID: 36526331 PMCID: PMC10359806 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2022-001907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences affect the occurrence, progression and regression of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Oestrogen plays a protective role in alleviating the vasospasm and neuronal apoptosis induced by SAH. However, whether oestrogen affects blood‒brain barrier (BBB) integrity has not been fully studied. Oestrogen has been found to regulate the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling pathway through the oestrogen receptor in gastric cancer and adrenal glands, and the SHH signalling pathway has an important role in maintaining the BBB by upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins. In this study, we investigated the relationship between oestrogen and the SHH signalling pathway using clinical data and established an experimental SAH model to explore whether oestrogen could ameliorate BBB damage after SAH through the SHH pathway. METHODS Correlations between oestrogen and the SHH pathway were analysed by patients' cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and the Genotype-Tissue Expression database (GTEx). Then, an experimental rat SAH model was established using the endovascular perforation method and treated with oestrogen, oestrogen inhibitors and SHH signalling pathway inhibitors. Then, the effects of oestrogen on BBB damage were analysed by western blot, immunofluorescence and neurobehavioural experiments. RESULTS ESLIA detection and correlation analysis showed that oestrogen levels in patients' CSF were positively correlated with the SHH pathway, which was further verified by GTEx gene-correlation analysis. SHH was found to be mainly expressed in neurons and astrocytes in rats under physiological conditions and was upregulated by oestrogen pretreatment. In the SAH model, oestrogen pretreatment was found to reverse SAH-induced decreases in the SHH pathway, which were counteracted by oestrogen receptor inhibitors. Furthermore, oestrogen pretreatment reduced SAH-induced BBB damage, brain oedema and neurological dysfunction, which were eliminated by SHH pathway inhibitors. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we demonstrate here that oestrogen pretreatment ameliorates brain injury after SAH, at least in part through SHH pathway-mediated BBB protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhongmou Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinxin Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wanchun You
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Li ZZ, Zhou XW, Chen LJ. Transcriptomic analysis of cadmium toxicity and molecular response in the spiderling of Pirata subpiraticus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 261:109441. [PMID: 35981662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a kind of toxic heavy metal widely distributed in the environment, posing life-threatening challenges to organisms. The paddy field spider is a natural enemy of pests and an essential component of rice biodiversity. Nonetheless, the effects of Cd stress on the postembryonic development of spiders and its detailed mechanism remain to be investigated. In the present study, we found that Cd stress posed adverse impacts on the growth indicators (e.g., carapace length, development duration, and survival rate) and increased the levels of three antioxidants (i.e., superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase) in the spiderlings of Pirata subpiraticus. An in-depth transcriptome analysis was employed in the study, and the results displayed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in postembryonic morphogenesis, development involved in symbiotic interaction, postembryonic development, and growth were distinctively altered under Cd stress. Further enrichment analysis showed that Cd exposure could activate the apoptosis pathway in the spider via the up-regulation of several key factors, including caspase-10, α-tubulin, actin, etc. In addition, we demonstrated that the increased level of glutathione-related enzymes in spiderlings was caused by the activation of glutathione metabolic pathway. The altered hedgehog signaling pathway might affect cell proliferation, tissue patterning, and development of spiderlings. Further protein interaction network displayed that Cd stress could affect multiple biological processes in spiderlings, particularly cellular response to stimulus and system development. To sum up, this study can provide multi-level perspectives to understand the toxicity of Cd on the growth and development of spiders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Zhi Li
- College of Urban and Rural Construction, Shaoyang University, 422099 Shaoyang, China
| | - Xuan-Wei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, 400715, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- College of Urban and Rural Construction, Shaoyang University, 422099 Shaoyang, China.
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Lyu X, Zhang X, Sun L, Wang J, Wang D. Inhibitory Effect of Ursolic Acid on Proliferation and Migration of Renal Carcinoma Cells and Its Mechanism. Comput Intell Neurosci 2022; 2022:1529132. [PMID: 35571705 PMCID: PMC9095352 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1529132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Renal carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in the urinary system. Autophagy can be both activated and inhibited in renal carcinoma, and it plays a double-edged role in the development of renal carcinoma. In the early stage of cancer, autophagy can suppress tumors. In the late stage, autophagy contributes to the survival of tumor cells in an unfavorable environment, and some autophagy-related proteins P62, LC3B, and beclin-1 have become indicators of the prognosis of patients with renal carcinoma. Aim To demonstrate that ursolic acid activates autophagy in renal carcinoma 786-O cells by inhibiting the hedgehog signaling pathway. Methods The effect of ursolic acid on the viability of 786-O cells was determined by the MTT method; the effect of ursolic acid on the proliferation and migration of 786-O cells was examined by crystalline violet staining and scratch assay, respectively. For the study of autophagy, we firstly screened the time points. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression level of autophagic protein P62 at different time points of ursolic acid on 786-O. Then, the Cell MeterTM Autophagy Assay Kit was used to detect the effect of different doses of ursolic acid on the autophagic fluorescence intensity of 786-O cells; the Western blot method was used to detect the effect of different doses of ursolic acid on the expression levels of LC3II and P62 proteins in 786-O cells. Further, AdPlus-mCherry-GFP-LC3B adenovirus transfection was used to detect the effect of ursolic acid on the autophagic flow of 786-O cells; ursolic acid was combined with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) to detect the expression level of autophagy protein LC3II by Western blot. In terms of mechanism, the effect of ursolic acid on hedgehog signaling pathway-related proteins in 786-O cells was detected by Western blot. Results Ursolic acid inhibited the activity, proliferation, and migration of 786-O cells, enhanced the fluorescence intensity of autophagosomes in 786-O cells, increased the expression level of autophagy marker protein LC3II, and inhibited the expression level of P62 in a time and dose-dependent manner; ursolic acid activated the autophagic flow in 786-O cells, which showed that ursolic acid caused the accumulation of autophagic fluorescent spots and enhanced the fluorescence intensity of autophagosomes. Ursolic acid activated the autophagic flow in 786-O cells, as evidenced by the accumulation of autophagic fluorescent spots and enhanced fluorescence intensity of autophagosomes, and the combined use of the autophagy inhibitor CQ increased the expression level of LC3II compared to ursolic acid alone; ursolic acid decreased the expression levels of PTCH1, GLI1, SMO, SHH, and c-Myc and increased the expression level of Sufu in the hedgehog signaling pathway. Conclusion Ursolic acid activates autophagy in renal carcinoma 786-O cells, probably by inhibiting hedgehog signaling pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lyu
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Libin Sun
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jingqi Wang
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Dongwen Wang
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong, China
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Panada JU, Klopava VA, Kulahava TA, Faletrov YV, Frolova NS, Koran SV, Fomina EG, Shkumatov VM. [Influence of N-alkynylaminosteroids on mitochondria function and autophagy in glioma cells]. Biomed Khim 2022; 68:126-133. [PMID: 35485486 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226802126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work we examined the synthesized N-alkynyl-17-aminosteroids and N-alkynyl-20-aminosteroids (based on dehydroepiandrosterone and pregnenolone, respectively) for their effect on C6 rat glioma cell functions. At 10 μM, the compounds had an insignificant effect on C6 glioma mitochondrial membrane potential, but increased cell autophagy by 70-90%, comparable to the known autophagy inducer dexamethasone. Docking simulations predict a potential high-affinity interaction between N-alkynylaminosteroids and Keap1 and the Hedgehog pathway protein, Smoothened, which are involved in autophagy regulation. The possible mechanisms of observed processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J U Panada
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - V A Klopava
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - T A Kulahava
- Institute for Nuclear Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Y V Faletrov
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus; Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - N S Frolova
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - S V Koran
- Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - E G Fomina
- Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - V M Shkumatov
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus; Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
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20
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Yang Y, Zhang B, Yang Y, Peng B, Ye R. FOXM1 accelerates wound healing in diabetic foot ulcer by inducing M2 macrophage polarization through a mechanism involving SEMA3C/NRP2/Hedgehog signaling. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 184:109121. [PMID: 34742786 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The diabetic wound environment is accompanied with prolonged inflammation leading to impaired wound healing in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Our study illustrated the molecular mechanisms by which Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) enhanced M2 polarization and wound healing of DFU. METHODS Diabetes was modeled in vivo by streptozotocin injection in rats and in vitro by exposure to high glucose in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Macrophages were exposed to IL-4 to induce M2 phenotype polarization. Ectopic expression or knockdown of FOXM1 was performed to observe collagen deposition, angiogenesis, the proliferation and migration of HDF, as well as macrophage polarization. RESULTS FOXM1 was lowly expressed in the wound tissue of DFU rats. In vitro experiments showed that silencing FOXM1 reversed the M2 polarization-induced promotion of HDF proliferation and migration. We further found that FOXM1 bound to the promoter region of SEMA3C to elevate its expression, and SEMA3C upregulated NRP2 and activated the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Silencing of SMO, a signal transducer in the Hedgehog pathway, negated the promoting effect of FOXM1 overexpression in M2 polarization and HDF proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Thus, our results suggest that targeting transcription factor FOXM1 may provide a therapeutic target for promoting wound healing in DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Department of General Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yufan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Bibo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Rui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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21
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Lin HP, Wang Z, Yang C. LncRNA DUXAP10 Upregulation and the Hedgehog Pathway Activation Are Critically Involved in Chronic Cadmium Exposure-Induced Cancer Stem Cell-Like Property. Toxicol Sci 2021; 184:33-45. [PMID: 34373904 PMCID: PMC8677432 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known lung carcinogen. However, the mechanism of Cd carcinogenesis remains to be clearly defined. Cd has been shown to act as a weak mutagen, suggesting that it may exert tumorigenic effect through nongenotoxic ways, such as epigenetic mechanisms. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) refer to RNA molecules that are longer than 200 nucleotides in length but lack protein-coding capacities. Regulation of gene expressions by lncRNAs is considered as one of important epigenetic mechanisms. The goal of this study is to investigate the mechanism of Cd carcinogenesis focusing on the role of lncRNA dysregulations. Cd-induced malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelia BEAS-2B cells was accomplished by a 9-month low-dose Cd (CdCl2, 2.5 µM) exposure. The Cd-exposed cells formed significantly more colonies in soft agar, displayed cancer stem cell (CSC)-like property, and formed tumors in nude mice. Mechanistically, chronic low-dose Cd exposure did not cause significant genotoxic effects but dysregulated lncRNA expressions. Further Q-PCR analysis confirmed the significant upregulation of the oncogenic lncRNA DUXAP10 in Cd-transformed cells. DUXAP10 knockdown in Cd-transformed cells significantly reduced their CSC-like property. Further mechanistic studies showed that the Hedgehog pathway is activated in Cd-transformed cells and inhibition of this pathway reduces Cd-induced CSC-like property. DUXAP10 knockdown caused the Hedgehog pathway inactivation in Cd-transformed cells. Furthermore, Pax6 expression was upregulated in Cd-transformed cells and Pax6 knockdown significantly reduced their DUXAP10 levels and CSC-like property. In summary, these findings suggest that the lncRNA DUXAP10 upregulation may play an important role in Cd carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Pei Lin
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Zhishan Wang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, USA
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, USA
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22
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Martin S, Harrington DA, Ohlander S, Stupp SI, McVary KT, Podlasek CA. Peptide amphiphile nanofiber hydrogel delivery of Sonic hedgehog protein to the penis and cavernous nerve suppresses intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling mechanisms, which are an underlying cause of erectile dysfunction. Nanomedicine 2021; 37:102444. [PMID: 34314869 PMCID: PMC8464506 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common and debilitating condition with high impact on quality of life. An underlying cause of ED is apoptosis of penile smooth muscle, which occurs with cavernous nerve injury, in prostatectomy, diabetic and aging patients. We are developing peptide amphiphile (PA) nanofiber hydrogels as an in vivo delivery vehicle for Sonic hedgehog protein to the penis and cavernous nerve to prevent the apoptotic response. We examine two important aspects required for clinical application of the biomaterials: if SHH PA suppresses intrinsic (caspase 9) and extrinsic (caspase 8) apoptotic mechanisms, and if suppressing one apoptotic mechanism forces apoptosis to occur via a different mechanism. We show that SHH PA suppresses both caspase 9 and 8 apoptotic mechanisms, and suppressing caspase 9 did not shift signaling to caspase 8. SHH PA has significant clinical potential as a preventative ED therapy, by management of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Martin
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Daniel A Harrington
- UTHealth, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
| | - Samuel Ohlander
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, Evanston, IL
| | - Kevin T McVary
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL
| | - Carol A Podlasek
- Departments of Urology, Physiology, Bioengineering, and Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
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Abstract
Early ovary development is considered to be largely hormone independent; yet, there are associations between fetal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and reproductive disorders in women. This can potentially be explained by perturbations to establishment of ovarian endocrine function rather than interference with an already established hormone system. In this study we explore if Hedgehog (HH) signaling, a central pathway for correct ovary development, can be disrupted by exposure to HH-disrupting chemicals, using the antifungal itraconazole as model compound. In the mouse Leydig cell line TM3, used as a proxy for ovarian theca cells, itraconazole exposure had a suppressing effect on genes downstream of HH signaling, such as Gli1. Exposing explanted rat ovaries (gestational day 22 or postnatal day 3) to 30 µM itraconazole for 72 h induced significant suppression of genes in the HH signaling pathway with altered Ihh, Gli1, Ptch1, and Smo expression similar to those previously observed in Ihh/Dhh knock-out mice. Exposing rat dams to 50 mg/kg bw/day in the perinatal period did not induce observable changes in the offspring's ovaries. Overall, our results suggest that HH signal disruptors may affect ovary development with potential long-term consequences for female reproductive health. However, potent HH inhibitors would likely cause severe teratogenic effects at doses lower than those causing ovarian dysgenesis, so the concern with respect to reproductive disorder is for the presence of HH disruptors at low concentration in combination with other ovary or endocrine disrupting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Katarina Lilith Johansson
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Camilla Taxvig
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gustav Peder Mohr Olsen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Huang Y, Zheng XD, Li H. Protective role of SIRT1-mediated Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway in the preeclampsia rat models. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:1843-1851. [PMID: 33772412 PMCID: PMC8324598 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)-mediated Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway in reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) model of preeclampsia (PE) in rats. METHODS The pregnant rats were divided into sham, RUPP, RUPP + rSIRT1 (recombinant SIRT1 protein), RUPP + rSHH (recombinant SHH protein), and RUPP + rSIRT1+ Cy (cyclopamine, an SHH pathway inhibitor) groups, followed by the determination of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pregnancy outcome. The gene or protein expression was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), or Western blotting. RESULTS RUPP rats showed increases MAP with the lower levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitrite and nitrate (NOx), as well as the higher levels of soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 in maternal plasma, which was attenuated after rSIRT1 or rSHH treatment. Besides, the improvement in the pregnancy outcome was seen in the rats from the RUPP + rSIRT1/rSHH groups as compared with the RUPP group. However, the therapeutic effect of rSIRT1 was reversed by cyclopamine. Placenta tissues of RUPP rats manifested the down-regulations of SIRT1, Patched-1 (PTCH1), and GLI family zinc finger 2 (GLI2), which were up-regulated in the RUPP + rSIRT1 group. CONCLUSION SIRT1 was down-regulated while SHH pathway was inhibited in the placental tissue of PE rats. SIRT1 improved the blood pressure, angiogenic imbalance, inflammation, and pregnancy outcome in PE rats via SHH pathway, supporting its potential use for the treatment of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, City, 434020, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dan Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, City, 434020, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, City, 434020, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Bonandi E, Mori M, Infante P, Basili I, Di Marcotullio L, Calcaterra A, Catti F, Botta B, Passarella D. Design and Synthesis of New Withaferin A Inspired Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors. Chemistry 2021; 27:8350-8357. [PMID: 33811701 PMCID: PMC8251939 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Withanolides constitute a well-known family of plant-based alkaloids characterised by widespread biological properties, including the ability of interfering with Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway. Following our interest in natural products and in anticancer compounds, we report here the synthesis of a new class of Hh signalling pathway inhibitors, inspired by withaferin A, the first isolated member of withanolides. The decoration of our scaffolds was rationally supported by in silico studies, while functional evaluation revealed promising candidates, confirming once again the importance of natural products as inspiration source for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds. A stereoselective approach, based on Brown chemistry, allowed the obtainment and the functional evaluation of the enantiopure hit compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bonandi
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di MilanoVia Golgi 1920133MilanItaly
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy Università degli Studi di SienaVia Aldo Moro 253100SienaItaly
| | - Paola Infante
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaViale Regina Elena 29100161RomeItaly
| | - Irene Basili
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity La Sapienza, RomaViale Regina Elena 29100161RomaItaly
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity La Sapienza, RomaViale Regina Elena 29100161RomaItaly
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci BolognettiDepartment of Molecular MedicineUniversity La SapienzaViale Regina Elena 29100161RomaItaly
| | - Andrea Calcaterra
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of DrugsUniversity La Sapienza, RomaPiazzale Aldo Moro 500185RomeItaly
| | - Federica Catti
- Arkansas State UniversityCampus Querétaro Carretera Estatal 100, km 17.5. C.P.76270 Municipio de ColónQuerétaroMéxico
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of DrugsUniversity La Sapienza, RomaPiazzale Aldo Moro 500185RomeItaly
| | - Daniele Passarella
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di MilanoVia Golgi 1920133MilanItaly
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Desai D, Khanna A, Pethe P. PRC1 catalytic unit RING1B regulates early neural differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112294. [PMID: 32971117 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are histone modifiers which control gene expression by assembling into large repressive complexes termed - Polycomb repressive complex (PRC); RING1B, core catalytic subunit of PRC1 that performs H2AK119 monoubiquitination leading to gene repression. The role of PRC1 complex during early neural specification in humans is unclear; we have tried to uncover the role of PRC1 in neuronal differentiation using human pluripotent stem cells as an in vitro model. RESULTS We differentiated both human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) towards neural progenitor stage evident from the expression of NESTIN, TUJ1, NCAD, and PAX6. When we checked the total expression of RING1B and BMI1, we saw that they were significantly upregulated in differentiated neural progenitors compared to undifferentiated cells. Further, we used Chromatin Immunoprecipitation coupled with qPCR to determine the localization of RING1B, and the repressive histone modification H2AK119ub1 at the promoters of neuronal specific genes. We observed that RING1B localized to and catalyzed H2AK119ub1 modification at promoters of TUJ1, NCAM, and NESTIN during early differentiation and later RING1B was lost from its promoter leading their expression; while functional RING1B persisted significantly on mature neuronal genes such as IRX3, GSX2, SOX1, NEUROD1 and FOXG1 in neural progenitors. CONCLUSION The results of our study show that PRC1 catalytic component RING1B occupies neuronal gene promoters in human pluripotent stem cells and may prevent their precocious expression. However, when neuronal inductive signals are given, RING1B is not only removed from neuronal gene promoters, but the inhibitory H2AK119ub1 modification is also lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Desai
- Department of Biological Sciences, NMIMS Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (deemed to-be University), Mumbai, 56, India
| | - Aparna Khanna
- Department of Biological Sciences, NMIMS Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (deemed to-be University), Mumbai, 56, India; Centre for Computational Biology & Translational Research, Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University, Mumbai, India
| | - Prasad Pethe
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International University (SIU), Lavale, Pune, 15, India.
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27
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Kaushal JB, Popli P, Sankhwar P, Shukla V, Dwivedi A. Sonic hedgehog protects endometrial hyperplasial cells against oxidative stress via suppressing mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-like GTPase (Drp1). Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:582-599. [PMID: 30347228 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hh/Gli1 cascade as well as Gsk3β-Gli1 crosstalk play crucial role in estrogen-dependent progression of endometrial hyperplasia (EH). However, the underlying mechanisms involved in progression of disease still remain unclear. In the present study, we explored the role of Hh signaling in protection of endometrial hyperplasial cells against oxidative stress and the underlying mechanism involved therein. EH cells were found to be more resistant towards H2O2-induced oxidative stress (IC50: ~ 3×) as compared with normal endometrial cells. Estrogen (E2) pre-treatment followed by cytotoxic dose of H2O2, almost rescued the EH cells from apoptosis and caused the increased expression of downstream Shh signaling molecules i.e., Smo, Ptch and Gli1. Whereas pretreatment with cyclopamine was not able to curtail H2O2-induced effects indicating that estrogen protects these cells via activation of Shh pathway. Further, H2O2-induced ROS and lipid peroxidation alongwith decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were found to be reversed in EH cells pre-exposed to E2 or rShh. The rShh suppressed H2O2-induced cell death and caused attenuation of mitochondrial apoptotic mediators and prevented disruption in mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial membrane potential in EH cells. The functional blockage of signaling by Shh siRNA or Gli1siRNA led to significantly increased expression of mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-like GTPase (Drp1). The H2O2-treated EH cells showed diminished Gli1 and increased Drp1 expression, concurrent with reduced p-Drp1-(serine637). Whereas rShh pre-treated EH cells presented normal mitochondrial dynamics with dense, long networks of mitochondria alongwith nuclear accumulation of Gli1 and the decreased expression of Drp1. Overall, our results implicated that Shh signaling modulates antioxidant defense system and stabilizes mitochondrial dynamics by suppressing Drp1 protein which maintains survival of EH cells against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti B Kaushal
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CDRI Campus, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Pooja Popli
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Pushplata Sankhwar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, U.P., India
| | - Vinay Shukla
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CDRI Campus, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Anila Dwivedi
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CDRI Campus, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India.
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28
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Berretta A, Gowing EK, Jasoni CL, Clarkson AN. Sonic hedgehog stimulates neurite outgrowth in a mechanical stretch model of reactive-astrogliosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21896. [PMID: 26902390 PMCID: PMC4763245 DOI: 10.1038/srep21896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although recovery following a stroke is limited, undamaged neurons under the right conditions can establish new connections and take on-board lost functions. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is integral for developmental axon growth, but its role after injury has not been fully examined. To investigate the effects of Shh on neuronal sprouting after injury, we used an in vitro model of glial scar, whereby cortical astrocytes were mechanically traumatized to mimic reactive astrogliosis observed after stroke. This mechanical trauma impaired neurite outgrowth from post-natal cortical neurons plated on top of reactive astrocytes. Addition of Shh to the media, however, resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in neurite outgrowth. This response was inhibited by cyclopamine and activated by oxysterol 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol, both of which modulate the activity of the Shh co-receptor Smoothened (Smo), demonstrating that Shh-mediated neurite outgrowth is Smo-dependent. In addition, neurite outgrowth was not associated with an increase in Gli-1 transcription, but could be inhibited by PP2, a selective inhibitor of Src family kinases. These results demonstrate that neurons exposed to the neurite growth inhibitory environment associated with a glial scar can be stimulated by Shh, with signaling occurring through a non-canonical pathway, to overcome this suppression and stimulate neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Berretta
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Emma K. Gowing
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Christine L. Jasoni
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew N. Clarkson
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
- Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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29
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Abstract
Primary Cilia (PC) are a very likely place for signal integration where multiple signaling pathways converge. Two major signaling pathways clearly shown to signal through the PC, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) and PDGF-Rα, are particularly important for the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocytes, suggesting that their interaction occurs in or around this organelle. We identified PC in rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and found that, while easily detectable in early OPCs, PC are lost as these cells progress to terminal differentiation. We confirmed the interaction between these pathways, as cyclopamine inhibition of Hedgehog function impairs both PDGF-mediated OPC proliferation and Shh-dependent cell branching. However, we failed to detect PDGF-Rα localization into the PC. Remarkably, ciliobrevin-mediated disruption of PC and reduction of OPC process extension was counteracted by recombinant Shh treatment, while PDGF had no effect. Therefore, while PDGF-Rα-dependent OPC proliferation and survival most probably does not initiate at the PC, still the integrity of this organelle and cilium-centered pathway is necessary for OPC survival and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Falcón-Urrutia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos M. Carrasco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Lois
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Veronica Palma
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (AR); (VP)
| | - Alejandro D. Roth
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (AR); (VP)
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Sloan TFW, Qasaimeh MA, Juncker D, Yam PT, Charron F. Integration of shallow gradients of Shh and Netrin-1 guides commissural axons. PLoS Biol 2015; 13:e1002119. [PMID: 25826604 PMCID: PMC4380419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During nervous system development, gradients of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) and Netrin-1 attract growth cones of commissural axons toward the floor plate of the embryonic spinal cord. Mice defective for either Shh or Netrin-1 signaling have commissural axon guidance defects, suggesting that both Shh and Netrin-1 are required for correct axon guidance. However, how Shh and Netrin-1 collaborate to guide axons is not known. We first quantified the steepness of the Shh gradient in the spinal cord and found that it is mostly very shallow. We then developed an in vitro microfluidic guidance assay to simulate these shallow gradients. We found that axons of dissociated commissural neurons respond to steep but not shallow gradients of Shh or Netrin-1. However, when we presented axons with combined Shh and Netrin-1 gradients, they had heightened sensitivity to the guidance cues, turning in response to shallower gradients that were unable to guide axons when only one cue was present. Furthermore, these shallow gradients polarized growth cone Src-family kinase (SFK) activity only when Shh and Netrin-1 were combined, indicating that SFKs can integrate the two guidance cues. Together, our results indicate that Shh and Netrin-1 synergize to enable growth cones to sense shallow gradients in regions of the spinal cord where the steepness of a single guidance cue is insufficient to guide axons, and we identify a novel type of synergy that occurs when the steepness (and not the concentration) of a guidance cue is limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler F. W. Sloan
- Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Program in Neuroengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohammad A. Qasaimeh
- Program in Neuroengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - David Juncker
- Program in Neuroengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patricia T. Yam
- Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Charron
- Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Program in Neuroengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Biology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Chiang MF, Chen HH, Chi CW, Sze CI, Hsu ML, Shieh HR, Lin CP, Tsai JT, Chen YJ. Modulation of Sonic hedgehog signaling and WW domain containing oxidoreductase WOX1 expression enhances radiosensitivity of human glioblastoma cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:392-9. [PMID: 25595187 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214565989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
WW domain containing oxidoreductase, designated WWOX, FOR or WOX1, is a known pro-apoptotic factor when ectopically expressed in various types of cancer cells, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The activation of sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling, especially paracrine Shh secretion in response to radiation, is associated with impairing the effective irradiation of cancer cells. Here, we examined the role of Shh signaling and WOX1 overexpression in the radiosensitivity of human GBM cells. Our results showed that ionizing irradiation (IR) increased the cytoplasmic Shh and nuclear Gli-1 content in GBM U373MG and U87MG cells. GBM cells with exogenous Shh treatment exhibited similar results. Pretreatment with Shh peptides protected U373MG and U87MG cells against IR in a dose-dependent manner. Cyclopamine, a Hedgehog/Smoothened (SMO) inhibitor, reversed the protective effect of Shh in U87MG cells. Cyclopamine increased Shh plus IR-induced H2AX, a marker of DNA double-strand breaks, in these cells. To verify the role of Shh signaling in the radiosensitivity of GBM cells, we tested the effect of the Gli family zinc finger 1 (Gli-1) inhibitor zerumbone and found that it could sensitize GBM cells to IR. We next examined the role of WOX1 in radiosensitivity. Overexpression of WOX1 enhanced the radiosensitivity of U87MG (possessing wild type p53 or WTp53) but not U373MG (harboring mutant p53 or MTp53) cells. Pretreatment with Shh peptides protected both WOX1-overexpressed U373MG and U87MG cells against IR and increased the cytoplasmic Shh and nuclear Gli-1 content. Zerumbone enhanced the radiosensitivity of WOX1-overexpressed U373MG and U87MG cells. In conclusion, overexpression of WOX1 preferentially sensitized human GBM cells possessing wild type p53 to radiation therapy. Blocking of Shh signaling may enhance radiosensitivity independently of the expression of p53 and WOX1. The crosstalk between Shh signaling and WOX1 expression in human glioblastoma warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fu Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hong Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Chi
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Sze
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ru Shieh
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ping Lin
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Ting Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
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Evans JR, Schreiber NB, Williams JA, Spicer LJ. Effects of fibroblast growth factor 9 on steroidogenesis and control of FGFR2IIIc mRNA in porcine granulosa cells. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:511-9. [PMID: 24664559 PMCID: PMC10837796 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) on hormone-stimulated porcine granulosa cell proliferation and steroid production and to further elucidate the hormonal and developmental control of FGFR2IIIc gene expression in granulosa cells. Porcine ovaries were collected from a local slaughterhouse and granulosa cells were collected from small to medium (1 to 5 mm) follicles for 5 in vitro studies that were conducted. Cells were cultured for 48 h in 5% fetal calf serum plus 5% porcine serum and then treated with various combinations of FSH, IGF-I, FGF9, Sonic hedgehog (SHH), cortisol, PGE2, and/or wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site family member 5A (WNT5A) in serum-free medium for an additional 24 or 48 h. Medium was collected for analysis of steroid concentration via RIA, or RNA was collected for gene expression analysis of FGFR2IIIc via quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Fibroblast growth factor 9 stimulated (P < 0.05) IGF-I-induced estradiol production in the presence of FSH and testosterone. However, FGF9 had inconsistent effects on progesterone production, stimulating progesterone production in the presence of FSH and testosterone but inhibiting progesterone production in the presence of IGF-I, FSH, and testosterone. Cell numbers were increased (P < 0.05) by FGF9 in the presence of IGF-I and FSH but not in the presence of FSH and absence of IGF-I. For FGFR2IIIc mRNA studies, granulosa cells were treated with FSH, IGF-I, FGF9, SHH, cortisol, PGE2, or WNT5A. Follicle-stimulating hormone alone had no effect (P > 0.10) whereas IGF-I increased (P < 0.05) FGFR2IIIc mRNA abundance. Cortisol, PGE2, SHH, and WNT5A had no effect (P > 0.10) on FGFR2IIIc gene expression whereas FGF9 in the presence of FSH and IGF-I inhibited (P < 0.05) FGFR2IIIc gene expression. In an in vivo study, granulosa cells from large (7 to 14 mm) follicles had greater (P < 0.05) abundance of FGFR2IIIc mRNA than small (1 to 3 mm) or medium (4 to 6 mm) follicles. In conclusion, IGF-I-induced FGFR2IIIc mRNA may be a mechanism for increased responses to FGF9 in FSH plus IGF-I-treated granulosa cells. Fibroblast growth factor 9 and IGF-I may work together as amplifiers of follicular growth and granulosa cell differentiation by stimulating estradiol production and concomitantly stimulating granulosa cell growth in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Evans
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078
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Funk RT, Alexanian AR. Enhanced dopamine release by mesenchymal stem cells reprogrammed neuronally by the modulators of SMAD signaling, chromatin modifying enzymes, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels. Transl Res 2013; 162:317-23. [PMID: 24001408 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, using the chemical genetics approach for cell reprogramming, via the combination of small molecule modulators of chromatin modifying enzymes, specific SMAD signaling pathways, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, we have been able to generate neuronallike cells predominantly positive to mature neuronal and dopaminergic markers. This study aimed to characterize further the dopaminergic properties of neurally induced (NI) human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and to determine whether addition of sonic hedgehog (SHH)/fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) to NI medium could promote further dopaminergic maturation. Dopaminergic differentiation was evaluated by immunocytochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results demonstrated that release of dopamine by NI-hMSCs differentiated with SMAD inhibitor supplementation significantly increased from picogram to nanogram levels, with a tendency of further increase when supplemented by SHH/FGF8. Direct generation of dopaminergic cells from adult hMSCs by using this reprogramming approach may have significant implications for understanding the mechanism underlying cell plasticity and may open new potentialities for cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Funk
- Neuroscience Research Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisc
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Jha RM, Chrenek R, Magnotti LM, Cardozo DL. The isolation, differentiation, and survival in vivo of multipotent cells from the postnatal rat filum terminale. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65974. [PMID: 23762453 PMCID: PMC3675200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are undifferentiated cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that are capable of self-renewal and can be induced to differentiate into neurons and glia. Current sources of mammalian NSCs are confined to regions of the CNS that are critical to normal function and surgically difficult to access, which limits their therapeutic potential in human disease. We have found that the filum terminale (FT), a previously unexplored, expendable, and easily accessible tissue at the caudal end of the spinal cord, is a source of multipotent cells in postnatal rats and humans. In this study, we used a rat model to isolate and characterize the potential of these cells. Neurospheres derived from the rat FT are amenable to in vitro expansion in the presence of a combination of growth factors. These proliferating, FT-derived cells formed neurospheres that could be induced to differentiate into neural progenitor cells, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes by exposure to serum and/or adhesive substrates. Through directed differentiation using sonic hedgehog and retinoic acid in combination with various neurotrophic factors, FT-derived neurospheres generated motor neurons that were capable of forming neuromuscular junctions in vitro. In addition, FT-derived progenitors that were injected into chick embryos survived and could differentiate into both neurons and glia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira M. Jha
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ryan Chrenek
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laura M. Magnotti
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - David L. Cardozo
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Germain ND, Banda EC, Becker S, Naegele JR, Grabel LB. Derivation and isolation of NKX2.1-positive basal forebrain progenitors from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1477-89. [PMID: 23351095 PMCID: PMC4854221 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-expressing interneurons are the major inhibitory cells of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These interneurons originate in the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) and lateral ganglionic eminence of the ventral forebrain during embryonic development and show reduced survival and function in a variety of neurological disorders, including temporal lobe epilepsy. We and others have proposed that embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived ventral forebrain progenitors might provide a source of new GABAergic interneurons for cell-based therapies. While human ESCs (hESCs) are readily differentiated in vitro into dorsal telencephalic neural progenitors, standard protocols for generating ventral subtypes of telencephalic progenitors are less effective. We now report efficient derivation of GABAergic progenitors using an established hESC reporter line that expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of an endogenous NKX2.1 promoter. GABAergic progenitors were derived from this hESC line by a modified monolayer neural differentiation protocol. Consistent with sonic hedgehog (SHH)-dependent specification of NKX2.1-positive progenitors in the embryonic MGE, we show a dose-dependent increase in the generation of NKX2.1:GFP-positive progenitors after SHH treatment in vitro. Characterization of NKX2.1:GFP-positive cells confirms their identity as MGE-like neural progenitors, based on gene expression profiles and their ability to differentiate into GABAergic interneurons. We are also able to generate highly enriched populations of NKX2.1:GFP-positive progenitors, including cells with telencephalic identity, by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. These hESC-derived ventral forebrain progenitors are suitable candidates for cell-based therapies that aim at replacing dysfunctional or damaged cortical or hippocampal GABAergic interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin C. Banda
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut
| | - Sandy Becker
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut
| | - Janice R. Naegele
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut
| | - Laura B. Grabel
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut
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Abstract
The morphogen Sonic hedgehog (Shh) holds great promise for repair or regeneration of tissues suffering ischemic injury, however clinical translation is limited by its short half-life in the body. Here, we describe a coacervate delivery system which incorporates Shh, protects it from degradation, and sustains its release for at least 3 weeks. Shh released from the coacervate stimulates cardiac fibroblasts to upregulate the expression of multiple trophic factors including VEGF, SDF-1α, IGF-1, and Shh itself, for at least 48 hours. Shh coacervate also demonstrates cytoprotective effects for cardiomyocytes in a hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress environment. In each of these studies the bioactivity of the Shh coacervate is enhanced compared to free Shh. These results warrant further investigation of the in vivo efficacy of Shh coacervate for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Ray Johnson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yam PT, Kent CB, Morin S, Farmer WT, Alchini R, Lepelletier L, Colman DR, Tessier-Lavigne M, Fournier AE, Charron F. 14-3-3 proteins regulate a cell-intrinsic switch from sonic hedgehog-mediated commissural axon attraction to repulsion after midline crossing. Neuron 2013. [PMID: 23177959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Axons must switch responsiveness to guidance cues during development for correct pathfinding. Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) attracts spinal cord commissural axons ventrally toward the floorplate. We show that after crossing the floorplate, commissural axons switch their response to Shh from attraction to repulsion, so that they are repelled anteriorly by a posterior-high/anterior-low Shh gradient along the longitudinal axis. This switch is recapitulated in vitro with dissociated commissural neurons as they age, indicating that the switch is intrinsic and time dependent. 14-3-3 protein inhibition converted Shh-mediated repulsion of aged dissociated neurons to attraction and prevented the correct anterior turn of postcrossing commissural axons in vivo, an effect mediated through PKA. Conversely, overexpression of 14-3-3 proteins was sufficient to drive the switch from Shh-mediated attraction to repulsion both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we identify a 14-3-3 protein-dependent mechanism for a cell-intrinsic temporal switch in the polarity of axon turning responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia T Yam
- Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
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Teng H, Chopp M, Hozeska-Solgot A, Shen L, Lu M, Tang C, Zhang ZG. Tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 contribute to sonic hedgehog-induced in vitro cerebral angiogenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33444. [PMID: 22432023 PMCID: PMC3303815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying cerebral angiogenesis have not been fully investigated. Using primary mouse brain endothelial cells (MBECs) and a capillary-like tube formation assay, we investigated whether the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is coupled with the plasminogen/plasmin system in mediating cerebral angiogenesis. We found that incubation of MBECs with recombinant human Shh (rhShh) substantially increased the tube formation in naïve MBECs. This was associated with increases in tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activation and reduction of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). Blockage of the Shh pathway with cyclopamine abolished the induction of tube formation and the effect of rhShh on tPA and PAI-1. Addition of PAI-1 reduced rhShh-augmented tube formation. Genetic ablation of tPA in MBECs impaired tube formation and downregulated of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin 1 (Ang1). Addition of rhShh to tPA−/− MBECs only partially restored the tube formation and upregulated Ang1, but not VEGF, although rhShh increased VEGF and Ang1 expression on wild-type MBECs. Complete restoration of tube formation in tPA−/− MBECs was observed only when both exogenous Shh and tPA were added. The present study provides evidence that tPA and PAI-1 contribute to Shh-induced in vitro cerebral angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Teng
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ann Hozeska-Solgot
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lihong Shen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Clark Tang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Arsenic has been used for ages as a therapeutic agent. Currently, it is an FDA approved drug to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia where it leads to degradation of the PML-RAR fusion protein. It has been shown to have various other targets in cells such as JNK, NFκB, thioredoxin reductase, and MAPK pathways. Most of its effects in cells have been through arsenic's ability to bind to thiol groups in cysteine residues. Recent evidence has shown that arsenic can inhibit the Hedgehog pathway by inhibiting GLI proteins. The proposed mechanism of action is through direct binding. Potential binding sites include the critical cysteine residues in GLI zinc finger domains. The role of the Hedgehog pathway has been implicated in many cancers such as basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, and rhabdoid tumors. Current Hedgehog pathway inhibitors have been fraught with resistance issues and so arsenic trioxide may provide an alternative therapy when combined with these other inhibitors or after acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elspeth M Beauchamp
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Cai J, Huang Y, Chen X, Xie H, Huang Y, Deng L. [Regulation of sonic hedgehog on vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor expression and secretion in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2012; 26:112-116. [PMID: 22332532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is involved in an important part of regulating angiogenesis. To investigate the effects of recombinant Shh N-terminate (rShh-N) on the expression and secretion of angiogenesis-related factor-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). METHODS Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated from 3-day-old healthy Sprague Dawley rats and cultured to passage 3 in vitro. rShh-N at the concentrations of 0, 10, 100, and 200 ng/mL were applied to culture BMSCs in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. At 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours of culture, the expressions of VEGF and bFGF mRNA and the levels of VEGF and bFGF in supernatant were measured with real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS At the gene level, compared with group A, the expressions of VEGF and bFGF mRNA were enhanced in group D (P < 0.05) and the upregulation was more significant at 12 and 48 hours than 24 and 72 hours (P < 0.01). In group C, bFGF mRNA expression was substantially promoted at 12-72 hours (P < 0.05) and VEGF mRNA level was upregulated at 24-72 hours (P < 0.05), and both reached peak at 72 hours (P < 0.01). In group B, VEGF mRNA expression was inhibited at 12 hours (P < 0.05), but the level increased at 48 and 72 hours (P < 0.05); bFGF mRNA expression was obviously promoted at 12-48 hours (P < 0.05) and the maximum appeared at 48 hours (P < 0.01). At the protein level, the secretion of VEGF and bFGF in group D was significantly increased at 12-72 hours, as compared with group A (P < 0.05). In group C, VEGF and bFGF secretion was increased at 24-72 hours (P < 0.05). The secretion of VEGF in group B was inhibited at 12 and 48 hours (P < 0.05) and was promoted at 24 hours (P < 0.05); bFGF secretion was up-regulated at 24 and 48 hours (P < 0.05). The secretion of VEGF and bFGF in supernatant at 48 and 72 hours were significantly more than those at 12 and 24 hours in 4 groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION rShh-N treatment can enhance the expression and secretion of VEGF and bFGF in BMSCs, which could provide the experimental evidence for the further application of Shh-MSCs in the treatment of ischemia-related diseases and bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqin Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P R China
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Wang B, Li L, Du S, Liu C, Hu X, Chen Y, Zhang Y. O24-induction of human keratinocytes into enamel -secreting ameloblasts. Bull Group Int Rech Sci Stomatol Odontol 2011; 49:89. [PMID: 22750371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
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Uchida H, Arita K, Yunoue S, Yonezawa H, Shinsato Y, Kawano H, Hirano H, Hanaya R, Tokimura H. Role of sonic hedgehog signaling in migration of cell lines established from CD133-positive malignant glioma cells. J Neurooncol 2011; 104:697-704. [PMID: 21380601 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is essential for normal development and embryogenic morphogenesis. In malignant neoplasms its inappropriate activation correlates with tumorigenesis, proliferation, and migration. However, the role of SHH in infiltrative growth of glioblastoma remains to be elucidated. CD133 is a marker of tumor stem cells in glioblastoma, which are thought to play important roles in tumorigenesis, drug resistance, and tumor recurrence. We investigated the role of the SHH signaling pathway in migration of glioblastoma cell lines derived from CD133-positive cells. Two cell lines, GBM1 and GBM2, were established from CD133-positive cells sorted on an automagnetic cell separator from dispersed human glioblastoma cells. Both cell lines exhibited sphere-like growth in serum-free medium containing growth factor. Expression of patched (PTCH)-, a receptor of SHH, of smoothened (SMO)-, a 7 transmembrane receptor, and of GLI1- and GLI2, PTCH cascade signal proteins, was evaluated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The effects of recombinant SHH in the medium, and of knockdown of SMO-, GLI1- or GLI2 messenger RNA (mRNA) on the migratory ability of neoplastic cells were evaluated by scratch assays. RT-PCR revealed the presence of PTCH-, SMO-, GLI1-, and GLI2 mRNA in these cells. Their migratory ability was significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) by addition of recombinant SHH to the medium. Knockdown of SMO-, GLI1- or GLI2 mRNA resulted in significant decrease in the mobility of the neoplastic cells. Our study suggests that the SHH pathway plays an important role in the migratory ability of cells derived from CD133-positive human glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
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Kawaguchi-Ihara N, Okuhashi Y, Itoh M, Murohashi I, Nara N, Tohda S. Promotion of the self-renewal capacity of human leukemia cells by sonic hedgehog protein. Anticancer Res 2011; 31:781-784. [PMID: 21498696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is involved in cancer cell growth. However, the effects of Hh stimulation on leukemia cells are unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of recombinant sonic Hedgehog (Shh) protein on the in vitro growth of one B-lymphoma and four myeloid leukemia cell lines were examined. RESULTS Shh stimulation had no significant effect on the short-term growth of whole cell populations in any of the five cell lines. However, Shh promoted clonogenic cell recovery after suspension culture, suggesting promotion of leukemia stem or progenitor cell amplification in three cell lines. The lack of Hh receptors in one cell line and endogenous Shh expression in another were possible reasons for the lack of effects of Shh in these cases. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Shh stimulation promotes the self-renewal capacity of leukemia stem cells in some cell lines. Inhibition of Hh signaling could represent a novel therapeutic approach in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kawaguchi-Ihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Matsumaru D, Haraguchi R, Miyagawa S, Motoyama J, Nakagata N, Meijlink F, Yamada G. Genetic analysis of Hedgehog signaling in ventral body wall development and the onset of omphalocele formation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16260. [PMID: 21283718 PMCID: PMC3024424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An omphalocele is one of the major ventral body wall malformations and
is characterized by abnormally herniated viscera from the body trunk. It has
been frequently found to be associated with other structural malformations,
such as genitourinary malformations and digit abnormalities. In spite of its
clinical importance, the etiology of omphalocele formation is still controversial.
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is one of the essential growth factor signaling pathways
involved in the formation of the limbs and urogenital system. However, the
relationship between Hh signaling and ventral body wall formation remains
unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings To gain insight into the roles of Hh signaling in ventral body wall formation
and its malformation, we analyzed phenotypes of mouse mutants of Sonic
hedgehog (Shh), GLI-Kruppel family member
3 (Gli3) and Aristaless-like homeobox 4
(Alx4). Introduction of additional Alx4Lst
mutations into the Gli3Xt/Xt background resulted
in various degrees of severe omphalocele and pubic diastasis. In addition,
loss of a single Shh allele restored the omphalocele and
pubic symphysis of Gli3Xt/+; Alx4Lst/Lst
embryos. We also observed ectopic Hh activity in the ventral body wall region
of Gli3Xt/Xt embryos. Moreover, tamoxifen-inducible
gain-of-function experiments to induce ectopic Hh signaling revealed Hh signal
dose-dependent formation of omphaloceles. Conclusions/Significance We suggest that one of the possible causes of omphalocele and pubic diastasis
is ectopically-induced Hh signaling. To our knowledge, this would be the first
demonstration of the involvement of Hh signaling in ventral body wall malformation
and the genetic rescue of omphalocele phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Matsumaru
- Global COE "Cell Fate Regulation
Research and Education Unit", Department of Organ Formation, Institute of
Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryuma Haraguchi
- Global COE "Cell Fate Regulation
Research and Education Unit", Department of Organ Formation, Institute of
Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- Global COE "Cell Fate Regulation
Research and Education Unit", Department of Organ Formation, Institute of
Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Motoyama
- Department of Medical Life Systems,
Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naomi Nakagata
- Center for Animal Resources and
Development (CARD), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Frits Meijlink
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and University
Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gen Yamada
- Global COE "Cell Fate Regulation
Research and Education Unit", Department of Organ Formation, Institute of
Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Elongation of bones primarily occurs by endochondral ossification at the growth plate. In the growth plate, stem-like cells in the resting zone differentiate into rapidly dividing chondrocytes in the proliferative zone and then terminally differentiate into nondividing chondrocytes of the hypertrophic zone. The hypertrophic zone is then invaded by blood vessels and bone cell precursors, which remodel the newly formed cartilage into bone. The net effect is that new bone tissue is progressively generated at the bottom of the growth plate, resulting in bone elongation. The process of longitudinal bone growth is governed by a complex network of paracrine signals that maintain the unique structure and cellular kinetics of the growth plate. Recent progress in the understanding of important paracrine signals that regulate growth plate cartilage will be reviewed in this chapter.
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Zhao Q, Beck A, Fraidenraich D. A direct, non-canonical pathway for Hedgehog proteins in the endothelium. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:647-648. [PMID: 20190578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
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Furmanski AL, Crompton T. Shh, BMP4 and IL-7 in the maintenance and differentiation of human CD34+ progenitor cells in the thymus. Cell Cycle 2009; 8:3810. [PMID: 19887901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
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Li FH, Xin SJ, Zhang SY, Cui ZS, Gao J, Zhang J, Duan ZQ. [The sonic hedgehog induce vascular adventitial fibroblasts phenotypic modulation, proliferation and migration]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2009; 89:3079-3082. [PMID: 20137639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of shh on the migration, proliferation and phenotypic modulation of vascular adventitial fibroblasts. METHOD Cultivate the vascular adventitial fibroblast in vitro. Use immunofluorescent, laser confocal microscopy, Western-blot and real-time PCR to detect the expression of mRNA and protein of related index. Estimate cell proliferation according to the expression of Ki67 and cell proliferation curve. Application of wound healing test to estimate migration of fibroblast. The expression of alpha-actin is thought to be marker of phenotypic modulation of fibroblast. RESULT The expression of shh was detected in vascular adventitial fibroblast in vitro. After addition of exogenous shh (3.5 microg/ml), there were more Ki67(+) cells and the wounding area which was covered by cells became larger. The expression of alpha-actin was detected. After addition of cyclopamine (40 micromol/L), there were less Ki67(+) cells and the wounding area which was covered by cells became smaller. CONCLUSION Shh can promote proliferation, migration and phenotypic modulation of vascular adventitial fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-he Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) plays an important role in postnatal tissue repair. The present study tested the hypothesis that impaired SHH pathway results in delayed wound healing by suppressing cutaneous nitric oxide (NO) function in type 1 diabetes. Adult male C57/B6 mice and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice were used. Although cutaneous SHH and Patched-1 (Ptc-1 encoded by PTCH, PTCH 1) proteins were increased significantly on day 4 after wounding compared with day 0 in normal mice, both were decreased significantly in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Topical application of SHH restored wound healing delay in STZ-induced diabetic mice, with a concomitant augmentation of both cutaneous constitutive nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and nitrite level. The effects of SHH on wound healing and cutaneous NO function were markedly inhibited by SHH receptor inhibitor cyclopamine. After 24-h treatment in vitro, SHH (5-20 microg/ml) significantly increased cutaneous endothelial NOS protein expression, NOS activity and NO level in normal mice and STZ-induced diabetic mice in a concentration-dependent manner, an effect that was blunted by cyclopamine and NOS inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY-294002 significantly blunted the increase of NOS activity and NO level induced by SHH treatment in human umbilican vein endothelial cells. These results demonstrate that the SHH pathway is activated in a normal wound, and its reduction results in impaired NO function and wound healing in diabetes. Strategies aimed at augmenting the endogenous SHH pathway may provide an effective means in ameliorating delayed diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Dong Luo
- Department of Surgery, Hemostasis and Vascular Biology Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Vascular Surgery Research, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15240, USA
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Aguilar A, Wu S, De Luca F. P450 oxidoreductase expressed in rat chondrocytes modulates chondrogenesis via cholesterol- and Indian Hedgehog-dependent mechanisms. Endocrinology 2009; 150:2732-9. [PMID: 19264869 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is the electron donor for microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes and other non-P450 enzymes. Targeted deletion of POR expression in mice leads to a variety of embryonic defects, including bone abnormalities. In addition, POR mutations in humans are associated with impaired steroidogenesis and skeletal malformations. Yet, little is known on the mechanisms underlying the skeletal abnormalities secondary to impaired POR activity. In our study, rat chondrocytes transfected with POR-specific short interfering RNAs exhibited decreased cell proliferation and differentiation and induced apoptosis. In addition, the reduced expression of POR in chondrocytes caused decreased intracellular cholesterol content. The addition of cholesterol in the culture medium prevented the POR small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated effects on chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Because cholesterol is required for normal activity of the hedgehog proteins, we evaluated the effects of POR siRNAs on the expression of Indian hedgehog (Ihh), an important regulator of chondrogenesis. POR siRNA-transfected chondrocytes exhibited reduced Ihh expression, with such effect being neutralized by cholesterol. Lastly, recombinant human/mouse Ihh prevented the POR siRNA-mediated effects on chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Our findings suggest that the bone malformations associated with defective POR activity are due to reduced cholesterol synthesis and, in turn, reduced Ihh expression in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Aguilar
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19134, USA
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