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Adami EA, Chavez Rico SL, Akamatsu MA, Miyaki C, Raw I, de Oliveira D, Comone P, Oliveira RDN, Sarno de Oliveira ML, Estima Abreu PA, Takano CY, Meros M, Soares-Schanoski A, Lee Ho P. H7N9 pandemic preparedness: A large-scale production of a split inactivated vaccine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 545:145-149. [PMID: 33550095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In March 2013 it was reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) the first cases of human infections with avian influenza virus A (H7N9). From 2013 to December 2019, 1568 cases have been reported with 616 deaths. H7N9 infection has been associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, and vaccination is currently the most effective way to prevent infections and consequently flu-related severe illness. Developing and producing vaccines against pandemic influenza viruses is the main strategy for a response to a possible pandemic. This study aims to present the production of three industrial lots under current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) of the active antigen used to produce the pandemic influenza vaccine candidate against A(H7N9). These batches were characterized and evaluated for quality standards and tested for immunogenicity in mice. The average yield was 173.50 ± 7.88 μg/mL of hemagglutinin and all the preparations met all the required specifications. The formulated H7N9 vaccine is poorly immunogenic and needs to be adjuvanted with an oil in water emulsion adjuvant (IB160) to achieve a best immune response, in a prime and in a boost scheme. These data are important for initial production planning and preparedness in the case of a H7N9 pandemic.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Drug Compounding/methods
- Drug Compounding/statistics & numerical data
- Drug Industry/standards
- Female
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/isolation & purification
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Vaccines, Inactivated/biosynthesis
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isaías Raw
- Biotechnology Center, Butantan Institute, 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessandra Soares-Schanoski
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Brazil; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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2
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Abstract
Influenza virus A is a significant agent involved in the outbreak of worldwide epidemics, causing millions of fatalities around the world by respiratory diseases and seasonal illness. Many projects had been conducting to investigate recovered infected patients for therapeutic vaccines that have broad-spectrum activity. With the aid of the computational approach in biology, the designation for a vaccine model is more accessible. We developed an in silico protocol called iBRAB to design a broad-reactive Fab on a wide range of influenza A virus. The Fab model was constructed based on sequences and structures of available broad-spectrum Abs or Fabs against a wide range of H1N1 influenza A virus. As a result, the proposed Fab model followed iBRAB has good binding affinity over 27 selected HA of different strains of H1 influenza A virus, including wild-type and mutated ones. The examination also took by computational tools to fasten the procedure. This protocol could be applied for a fast-designed therapeutic vaccine against different types of threats.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Binding Sites
- Computer Simulation
- Drug Design
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Thermodynamics
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuc-Chau Do
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Thu Duc District, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Thu Duc District, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
| | - Trung H. Nguyen
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Thu Duc District, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Thu Duc District, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
| | - Uyen H. M. Vo
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Thu Duc District, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Thu Duc District, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
| | - Ly Le
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Thu Duc District, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Thu Duc District, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
- Vingroup Big Data Institute, Hai Ba Trung District, Ha Noi, Vietnam
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3
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Kim JI, Park S, Bae JY, Lee S, Kim J, Kim G, Yoo K, Heo J, Kim YS, Shin JS, Park MS, Park MS. Glycosylation generates an efficacious and immunogenic vaccine against H7N9 influenza virus. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3001024. [PMID: 33362243 PMCID: PMC7757820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic avian influenza viruses pose severe health threats to humans. Of several viral subtypes reported, the low pathogenic avian influenza H7N9 virus has since February 2013 caused more than 1,500 cases of human infection with an almost 40% case-fatality rate. Vaccination of poultry appears to reduce human infections. However, the emergence of highly pathogenic strains has increased concerns about H7N9 pandemics. To develop an efficacious H7N9 human vaccine, we designed vaccine viruses by changing the patterns of N-linked glycosylation (NLG) on the viral hemagglutinin (HA) protein based on evolutionary patterns of H7 HA NLG changes. Notably, a virus in which 2 NLG modifications were added to HA showed higher growth rates in cell culture and elicited more cross-reactive antibodies than did other vaccine viruses with no change in the viral antigenicity. Developed into an inactivated vaccine formulation, the vaccine virus with 2 HA NLG additions exhibited much better protective efficacy against lethal viral challenge in mice than did a vaccine candidate with wild-type (WT) HA by reducing viral replication in the lungs. In a ferret model, the 2 NLG-added vaccine viruses also induced hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies and significantly suppressed viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tracts compared with the WT HA vaccines. In a mode of action study, the HA NLG modification appeared to increase HA protein contents incorporated into viral particles, which would be successfully translated to improve vaccine efficacy. These results suggest the strong potential of HA NLG modifications in designing avian influenza vaccines. This study shows that changing the pattern of N-glycosylation of the pathogenic avian influenza H7N9 virus hemagglutinin protein increases the amount of hemagglutinin incorporated into the viral membrane; the candidate vaccine virus induces neutralizing antibodies and protects animal models from lethal viral challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biosafety Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehee Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kirim Yoo
- Il Yang Pharmaceutical Co., Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Heo
- Il Yang Pharmaceutical Co., Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Kim
- Il Yang Pharmaceutical Co., Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Soo Shin
- Il Yang Pharmaceutical Co., Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Sook Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biosafety Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The global demand for complex biopharmaceuticals like recombinant proteins, vaccines, or viral vectors is steadily rising. To further improve process productivity and to reduce production costs, process intensification can contribute significantly. The design and optimization of perfusion processes toward very high cell densities require careful selection of strategies for optimal perfusion rate control. In this chapter, various options are discussed to guarantee high cell-specific virus yields and to achieve virus concentrations up to 1010 virions/mL. This includes reactor volume exchange regimes and perfusion rate control based on process variables such as cell concentration and metabolite or by-product concentration. Strategies to achieve high cell densities by perfusion rate control and their experimental implementation are described in detail for pseudo-perfusion or small-scale perfusion bioreactor systems. Suspension cell lines such as MDCK, BHK-21, EB66®, and AGE1.CR.pIX® are used to exemplify production of influenza, yellow fever, Zika, and modified vaccinia Ankara virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nikolay
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Bissinger
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gwendal Gränicher
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yixiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Lai CC, Weng TC, Tseng YF, Chiang JR, Lee MS, Hu AYC. Evaluation of novel disposable bioreactors on pandemic influenza virus production. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220803. [PMID: 31404117 PMCID: PMC6690526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 1997, the highly pathogenic influenza H5N1 virus has spread from Hong Kong. According to the WHO bulletin report, the H5N1 virus is a zoonotic disease threat that has infected more than 850 humans, causing over 450 deaths. In addition, an outbreak of another new and highly pathogenic influenza virus (H7N9) occurred in 2013 in China. These highly pathogenic influenza viruses could potentially cause a worldwide pandemic. it is crucial to develop a rapid production platform to meet this surge demand against any possible influenza pandemic. A potential solution for this problem is the use of cell-based bioreactors for rapid vaccine production. These novel bioreactors, used for cell-based vaccine production, possess various advantages. For example, they enable a short production time, allow for the handling highly pathogenic influenza in closed environments, and can be easily scaled up. In this study, two novel disposable cell-based bioreactors, BelloCell and TideCell, were used to produce H5N1 clade II and H7N9 candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs). Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were used for the production of these influenza CVVs. A novel bench-scale bioreactor named BelloCell bioreactor was used in the study. All culturing conditions were tested and scaled to 10 L industrial-scale bioreactor known as TideCell002. The performances of between BelloCell and TideCell were similar in cell growth, the average MDCK cell doubling time was slightly decreased to 25 hours. The systems yielded approximately 39.2 and 18.0 μg/ml of HA protein with the 10-liter TideCell002 from the H5N1 clade II and H7N9 CVVs, respectively. The results of this study not only highlight the overall effectiveness of these bioreactors but also illustrate the potential of maintaining the same outcome when scaled up to industrial production, which has many implications for faster vaccine production. Although additional studies are required for process optimization, the results of this study are promising and show that oscillating bioreactors may be a suitable platform for pandemic influenza virus production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Lai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- College of Life Science Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chuan Weng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Tseng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ron Chiang
- Vaccine Center, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shi Lee
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Alan Yung-Chih Hu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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6
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Laske T, Bachmann M, Dostert M, Karlas A, Wirth D, Frensing T, Meyer TF, Hauser H, Reichl U. Model-based analysis of influenza A virus replication in genetically engineered cell lines elucidates the impact of host cell factors on key kinetic parameters of virus growth. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006944. [PMID: 30973879 PMCID: PMC6478349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The best measure to limit spread of contagious diseases caused by influenza A viruses (IAVs) is annual vaccination. The growing global demand for low-cost vaccines requires the establishment of high-yield production processes. One possible option to address this challenge is the engineering of novel vaccine producer cell lines by manipulating gene expression of host cell factors relevant for virus replication. To support detailed characterization of engineered cell lines, we fitted an ordinary differential equation (ODE)-based model of intracellular IAV replication previously established by our group to experimental data obtained from infection studies in human A549 cells. Model predictions indicate that steps of viral RNA synthesis, their regulation and particle assembly and virus budding are promising targets for cell line engineering. The importance of these steps was confirmed in four of five single gene overexpression cell lines (SGOs) that showed small, but reproducible changes in early dynamics of RNA synthesis and virus release. Model-based analysis suggests, however, that overexpression of the selected host cell factors negatively influences specific RNA synthesis rates. Still, virus yield was rescued by an increase in the virus release rate. Based on parameter estimations obtained for SGOs, we predicted that there is a potential benefit associated with overexpressing multiple host cell genes in one cell line, which was validated experimentally. Overall, this model-based study on IAV replication in engineered cell lines provides a step forward in the dynamic and quantitative characterization of IAV-host cell interactions. Furthermore, it suggests targets for gene editing and indicates that overexpression of multiple host cell factors may be beneficial for the design of novel producer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Laske
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mandy Bachmann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Dostert
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Karlas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wirth
- Research Group Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Medical University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Timo Frensing
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Meyer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Hauser
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Process and Systems Engineering, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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7
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Mardanova ES, Ravin NV. Plant-produced Recombinant Influenza A Vaccines Based on the M2e Peptide. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 24:1317-1324. [PMID: 29521217 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180309125344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza is a widely distributed infection that almost annually causes seasonal epidemics. The current egg-based platforms for influenza vaccine production are facing a number of challenges and are failing to satisfy the global demand in the case of pandemics due to the long production time. Recombinant vaccines are an alternative that can be quickly produced in high quantities in standard expression systems. METHODS Plants may become a promising biofactory for the large-scale production of recombinant proteins due to low cost, scalability, and safety. Plant-based expression systems have been used to produce recombinant vaccines against influenza based on two targets; the major surface antigen hemagglutinin and the transmembrane protein M2. RESULTS Different forms of recombinant hemagglutinin were successfully expressed in plants, and some plantproduced vaccines based on hemagglutinin were successfully tested in clinical trials. However, these vaccines remain strain specific, while the highly conserved extracellular domain of the M2 protein (M2e) could be used for the development of a universal influenza vaccine. In this review, the state of the art in developing plant-produced influenza vaccines based on M2e is presented and placed in perspective. A number of strategies to produce M2e in an immunogenic form in plants have been reported, including its presentation on the surface of plant viruses or virus-like particles formed by capsid proteins, linkage to bacterial flagellin, and targeting to protein bodies. CONCLUSION Some M2e-based vaccine candidates were produced at high levels (up to 1 mg/g of fresh plant tissue) and were shown to be capable of stimulating broad-range protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia S Mardanova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai V Ravin
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation
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8
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Verma S, Soto J, Vasudevan A, Schmeisser F, Alvarado-Facundo E, Wang W, Weiss CD, Weir JP. Determination of influenza B identity and potency in quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines using lineage-specific monoclonal antibodies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175733. [PMID: 28423025 PMCID: PMC5396888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-circulation of two antigenically and genetically distinct lineages of influenza B virus, represented by prototype viruses B/Victoria/2/1987 and B/Yamagata/16/1988, has led to the development of quadrivalent influenza vaccines that contain two influenza B antigens. The inclusion of two influenza B antigens presents challenges for the production and regulation of inactivated quadrivalent vaccines, including the potential for cross-reactivity of the reagents used in identity and potency assays because of the relative close relatedness of the hemagglutinin (HA) from the two virus lineages. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the two lineages of influenza B HA were generated and characterized and used to set-up simple identity tests that distinguish the influenza B antigens in inactivated trivalent and quadrivalent vaccines. The lineage-specific mAbs bound well to the HA of influenza B strains included in influenza vaccines over a period of more than 10 years, suggesting that identity tests using such lineage-specific mAbs would not necessarily have to be updated with every influenza B vaccine strain change. These lineage-specific mAbs were also used in an antibody capture ELISA format to quantify HA in vaccine samples, including monovalent, trivalent, and quadrivalent vaccine samples from various manufacturers. The results demonstrated correlation with HA values determined by the traditional single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assay. Further, the antibody-capture ELISA was able to distinguish heat-stressed vaccine from unstressed vaccine, and was similar to the SRID in quantifying the resultant loss of potency. These mAb reagents should be useful for further development of antibody-based alternative influenza B identity and potency assays.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Chickens
- Dogs
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunodiffusion/methods
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Influenza B virus/immunology
- Influenza B virus/isolation & purification
- Influenza Vaccines/analysis
- Influenza Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Mice
- Protein Binding
- Vaccines, Inactivated
- Vaccines, Subunit
- Zygote/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Verma
- Laboratory of DNA Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Jackeline Soto
- Laboratory of DNA Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Anupama Vasudevan
- Laboratory of DNA Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Falko Schmeisser
- Laboratory of DNA Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Esmeralda Alvarado-Facundo
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Carol D. Weiss
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Jerry P. Weir
- Laboratory of DNA Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lin Q, Yang K, He F, Jiang J, Li T, Chen Z, Li R, Chen Y, Li S, Zhao Q, Xia N. Production of Influenza Virus HA1 Harboring Native-Like Epitopes by Pichia pastoris. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:1275-89. [PMID: 27040529 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza which exhibits high variation had brought a serious threat to the safety of humanity. To overcome this high variation, hemagglutinin-based recombinant subunit vaccine with rational design has been considered as a substitute for traditional virion-based vaccine development. Here, we expressed HA1 part of the hemagglutinin protein using the Pichia pastoris expression system and attained a high yield of about 120 mg/L through the use of fed-batch scalable fermentation. HA1 protein in the culture supernatant was purified using two-step ion-exchange chromatography. The resultant HA1 protein was homogeneous in solution in a glycosylated form, as confirmed by endoglycosidase H treatment. Sedimentation velocity tests, silver staining of protein gels, and immunoblotting were used for verification. The native HA1 reacted well with conformational, cross-genotype, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, whereas a loss of binding activity was noted with the denatured HA1 form. Moreover, the murine anti-HA1 serum exhibited a virus-capture capability in the hemagglutination inhibition assay, which suggests that HA1 harbors native-like epitopes. In conclusion, soluble HA1 was efficiently expressed and purified in this study. The functional glycosylated protein will be an alternative for the development of recombinant protein-based influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangping He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqin Chen
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China.
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, People's Republic of China
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10
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Kon TC, Onu A, Berbecila L, Lupulescu E, Ghiorgisor A, Kersten GF, Cui YQ, Amorij JP, Van der Pol L. Influenza Vaccine Manufacturing: Effect of Inactivation, Splitting and Site of Manufacturing. Comparison of Influenza Vaccine Production Processes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150700. [PMID: 26959983 PMCID: PMC4784929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different inactivation and splitting procedures on influenza vaccine product composition, stability and recovery to support transfer of process technology. Four split and two whole inactivated virus (WIV) influenza vaccine bulks were produced and compared with respect to release criteria, stability of the bulk and haemagglutinin recovery. One clarified harvest of influenza H3N2 A/Uruguay virus prepared on 25.000 fertilized eggs was divided equally over six downstream processes. The main unit operation for purification was sucrose gradient zonal ultracentrifugation. The inactivation of the virus was performed with either formaldehyde in phosphate buffer or with beta-propiolactone in citrate buffer. For splitting of the viral products in presence of Tween®, either Triton™ X-100 or di-ethyl-ether was used. Removal of ether was established by centrifugation and evaporation, whereas removal of Triton-X100 was performed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. All products were sterile filtered and subjected to a 5 months real time stability study. In all processes, major product losses were measured after sterile filtration; with larger losses for split virus than for WIV. The beta-propiolactone inactivation on average resulted in higher recoveries compared to processes using formaldehyde inactivation. Especially ether split formaldehyde product showed low recovery and least stability over a period of five months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theone C. Kon
- Department of Product Development, Intravacc, Institute for Translational Vaccinology, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Adrian Onu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Cantacuzino National Research Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laurentiu Berbecila
- Unit of Influenza Vaccine Production, Cantacuzino National Research Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emilia Lupulescu
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Infections, Cantacuzino National Research Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Ghiorgisor
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Infections, Cantacuzino National Research Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gideon F. Kersten
- Department of Research, Intravacc, Institute for Translational Vaccinology, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yi-Qing Cui
- Department of Product Development, Intravacc, Institute for Translational Vaccinology, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre Amorij
- Department of Business Development, Intravacc, Institute for Translational Vaccinology, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Van der Pol
- Department of Research, Intravacc, Institute for Translational Vaccinology, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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11
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Desheva YA, Smolonogina TA, Doroshenko EM, Rudenko LG. [DEVELOPMENT OF THE QUADRIVALENT LIVE ATTENUATED INFLUENZA VACCINE INCLUDING TWO INFLUENZA B LINEAGES--VICTORIA AND YAMAGATA]. Vopr Virusol 2016; 61:16-20. [PMID: 27145595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work is devoted to the research of the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) comprising two reassortant B/USSR/60/69-based vaccine influenza viruses Victoria and Yamagata. The intranasal immunization of the CBA mice with both Victoria and Yamagata strains induced 100% lung protection against the subsequent infection with the wild-type influenza B viruses of any antigen lineage. The quadrivalent LAIV (qLAIV) comprising both reassortant influenza B viruses Victoria and Yamagata were safe and areactogenic in adult volunteers. Following qLAIV administration the immune response was achieved to both Victoria and Yamagata lineages.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Female
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Humans
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Influenza B virus/drug effects
- Influenza B virus/genetics
- Influenza B virus/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/blood
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Middle Aged
- Reassortant Viruses/drug effects
- Reassortant Viruses/genetics
- Reassortant Viruses/immunology
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Attenuated
- Vaccines, Subunit
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12
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Mardanova ES, Kotlyarov RY, Kuprianov VV, Stepanova LA, Tsybalova LM, Lomonossoff GP, Ravin NV. High immunogenicity of plant-produced candidate influenza vaccine based on the M2e peptide fused to flagellin. Bioengineered 2015; 7:28-32. [PMID: 26710263 PMCID: PMC4878292 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2015.1126017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectodomain of the conserved influenza matrix protein M2 (M2e) is a promising target for the development of a universal influenza vaccines. Immunogenicity of M2e could be enhanced by its fusion to bacterial flagellin, the ligand for Toll-like receptor 5. Previously we reported the transient expression in plants of a recombinant protein Flg-4M comprising flagellin fused to 4 tandem copies of the M2e. The use of self-replicating recombinant vector based on the potato virus X allowed expression of Flg-4M in Nicotiana benthaminana leaves at a very high level, up to about 1 mg/g of fresh leaf tissue. Intranasal immunization of mice with Flg-4M induced M2e-specific serum antibodies and provided protection against lethal challenge with different strains of influenza A virus. Here we show that immunization with Flg-4M not only generates a strong immune response, but also redirects the response from the carrier flagellin toward the M2e epitopes. Significant IgG response to M2e was also developed in bronchoalveolar lavages of immunized mice. Protective activity of Flg-4M upon lethal influenza challenge correlated with a decrease of virus titers in lungs relative to the control. Overall these data show the potential for the development of a plant-produced M2e-flagellin universal influenza vaccine.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/genetics
- Filaggrin Proteins
- Flagellin/genetics
- Flagellin/immunology
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Plant Leaves/genetics
- Plant Leaves/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Potexvirus/genetics
- Protein Domains
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Nicotiana/metabolism
- Vaccination
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Viral Matrix Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia S. Mardanova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Federation Ministry of Health, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Roman Y. Kotlyarov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Federation Ministry of Health, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victor V. Kuprianov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila A. Stepanova
- Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Federation Ministry of Health, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Liudmila M. Tsybalova
- Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Federation Ministry of Health, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - George P. Lomonossoff
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Center, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Nikolai V. Ravin
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Huang D, Peng WJ, Ye Q, Liu XP, Zhao L, Fan L, Xia-Hou K, Jia HJ, Luo J, Zhou LT, Li BB, Wang SL, Xu WT, Chen Z, Tan WS. Serum-Free Suspension Culture of MDCK Cells for Production of Influenza H1N1 Vaccines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141686. [PMID: 26540170 PMCID: PMC4634975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of serum-free suspension cell culture processes is very important for influenza vaccine production. Previously, we developed a MDCK suspension cell line in a serum-free medium. In the present study, the growth kinetics of suspension MDCK cells and influenza virus production in the serum-free medium were investigated, in comparison with those of adherent MDCK cells in both serum-containing and serum-free medium. It was found that the serum-free medium supported the stable subculture and growth of both adherent and suspension cells. In batch culture, for both cell lines, the growth kinetics in the serum-free medium was comparable with those in the serum-containing medium and a commercialized serum-free medium. In the serum-free medium, peak viable cell density (VCD), haemagglutinin (HA) and median tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) titers of the two cell lines reached 4.51×106 cells/mL, 2.94Log10(HAU/50 μL) and 8.49Log10(virions/mL), and 5.97×106 cells/mL, 3.88Log10(HAU/50 μL), and 10.34Log10(virions/mL), respectively. While virus yield of adherent cells in the serum-free medium was similar to that in the serum-containing medium, suspension culture in the serum-free medium showed a higher virus yield than adherent cells in the serum-containing medium and suspension cells in the commercialized serum-free medium. However, the percentage of infectious viruses was lower for suspension culture in the serum-free medium. These results demonstrate the great potential of this suspension MDCK cell line in serum-free medium for influenza vaccine production and further improvements are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wen-Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xu-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- * E-mail: (X-PL); (W-ST)
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kang Xia-Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Han-Jing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Lin-Ting Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Bei-Bei Li
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Shi-Lei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Wen-Ting Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- * E-mail: (X-PL); (W-ST)
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14
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Young KR, Arthus-Cartier G, Yam KK, Lavoie PO, Landry N, D'Aoust MA, Vézina LP, Couture MMJ, Ward BJ. Generation and characterization of a trackable plant-made influenza H5 virus-like particle (VLP) containing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). FASEB J 2015; 29:3817-27. [PMID: 26038124 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-270421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Medicago, Inc. has developed an efficient virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine production platform using the Nicotiana benthamiana expression system, and currently has influenza-based products targeting seasonal/pandemic hemagglutinin (HA) proteins in advanced clinical trials. We wished to generate a trackable HA-based VLP that would allow us to study both particle assembly in plants and VLP interactions within the mammalian immune system. To this end, a fusion protein was designed, composed of H5 (from influenza A/Indonesia/05/2005 [H5N1]) with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). Expression of H5-eGFP in N. benthamiana produced brightly fluorescent ∼160 nm particles resembling H5-VLPs. H5-eGFP-VLPs elicited anti-H5 serologic responses in mice comparable to those elicited by H5-VLPs in almost all assays tested (hemagglutination inhibition/IgG(total)/IgG1/IgG2b/IgG2a:IgG1 ratio), as well as a superior anti-GFP IgG response (mean optical density = 2.52 ± 0.16 sem) to that elicited by soluble GFP (mean optical density = 0.12 ± 0.06 sem). Confocal imaging of N. benthamiana cells expressing H5-eGFP displayed large fluorescent accumulations at the cell periphery, and draining lymph nodes from mice given H5-eGFP-VLPs via footpad injection demonstrated bright fluorescence shortly after administration (10 min), providing proof of concept that the H5-eGFP-protein/VLPs could be used to monitor both VLP assembly and immune trafficking. Given these findings, this novel fluorescent reagent will be a powerful tool to gain further fundamental insight into the biology of influenza VLP vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie R Young
- *Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre and Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and Medicago, Incorporated, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Arthus-Cartier
- *Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre and Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and Medicago, Incorporated, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Karen K Yam
- *Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre and Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and Medicago, Incorporated, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Olivier Lavoie
- *Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre and Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and Medicago, Incorporated, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Landry
- *Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre and Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and Medicago, Incorporated, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-André D'Aoust
- *Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre and Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and Medicago, Incorporated, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis-Philippe Vézina
- *Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre and Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and Medicago, Incorporated, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Manon M-J Couture
- *Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre and Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and Medicago, Incorporated, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Brian J Ward
- *Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre and Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and Medicago, Incorporated, Québec, Québec, Canada
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15
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Mardanova ES, Kotlyarov RY, Kuprianov VV, Stepanova LA, Tsybalova LM, Lomonosoff GP, Ravin NV. Rapid high-yield expression of a candidate influenza vaccine based on the ectodomain of M2 protein linked to flagellin in plants using viral vectors. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:42. [PMID: 26022390 PMCID: PMC4446962 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular domain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) of influenza A virus is a promising target for the development of a universal vaccine against influenza because M2e sequences are highly conserved among human influenza A strains. However, native M2e is poorly immunogenic, but its immunogenicity can be increased by delivery in combination with adjuvants or carrier particles. It was previously shown that fusion of M2e to bacterial flagellin, the ligand for Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5 and powerful mucosal adjuvant, significantly increases the immunogenicity and protective capacity of M2e. RESULTS In this study, we report for the first time the transient expression in plants of a recombinant protein Flg-4M comprising flagellin of Salmonella typhimurium fused to four tandem copies of the M2e peptide. The chimeric construct was expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using either the self-replicating potato virus X (PVX) based vector, pA7248AMV-GFP, or the cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV)-derived expression vector, pEAQ-HT. The highest expression level up to 30% of total soluble protein (about 1 mg/g of fresh leaf tissue) was achieved with the PVX-based expression system. Intranasal immunization of mice with purified Flg-4M protein induced high levels of M2e-specific serum antibodies and provided protection against lethal challenge with influenza virus. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the usefulness of flagellin as a carrier of M2e and its relevance for the production of M2e-based candidate influenza vaccines in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia S Mardanova
- Centre 'Bioengineering', Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. 60-letya Oktyabrya, bld 7-1, 117312, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Roman Y Kotlyarov
- Centre 'Bioengineering', Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. 60-letya Oktyabrya, bld 7-1, 117312, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Victor V Kuprianov
- Centre 'Bioengineering', Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. 60-letya Oktyabrya, bld 7-1, 117312, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Liudmila A Stepanova
- Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Federation Ministry of Health, 15/17 Prof. Popova str., 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Liudmila M Tsybalova
- Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Federation Ministry of Health, 15/17 Prof. Popova str., 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - George P Lomonosoff
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH, Norwich, UK.
| | - Nikolai V Ravin
- Centre 'Bioengineering', Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. 60-letya Oktyabrya, bld 7-1, 117312, Moscow, Russia.
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16
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Krammer F. Emerging influenza viruses and the prospect of a universal influenza virus vaccine. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:690-701. [PMID: 25728134 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause annual seasonal epidemics and pandemics at irregular intervals. Several cases of human infections with avian and swine influenza viruses have been detected recently, warranting enhanced surveillance and the development of more effective countermeasures to address the pandemic potential of these viruses. The most effective countermeasure against influenza virus infection is the use of prophylactic vaccines. However, vaccines that are currently in use for seasonal influenza viruses have to be re-formulated and re-administered in a cumbersome process every year due to the antigenic drift of the virus. Furthermore, current seasonal vaccines are ineffective against novel pandemic strains. This paper reviews zoonotic influenza viruses with pandemic potential and technological advances towards better vaccines that induce broad and long lasting protection from influenza virus infection. Recent efforts have focused on the development of broadly protective/universal influenza virus vaccines that can provide immunity against drifted seasonal influenza virus strains but also against potential pandemic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Felberbaum RS. The baculovirus expression vector system: A commercial manufacturing platform for viral vaccines and gene therapy vectors. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:702-14. [PMID: 25800821 PMCID: PMC7159335 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) platform has become an established manufacturing platform for the production of viral vaccines and gene therapy vectors. Nine BEVS-derived products have been approved - four for human use (Cervarix(®), Provenge(®), Glybera(®) and Flublok(®)) and five for veterinary use (Porcilis(®) Pesti, BAYOVAC CSF E2(®), Circumvent(®) PCV, Ingelvac CircoFLEX(®) and Porcilis(®) PCV). The BEVS platform offers many advantages, including manufacturing speed, flexible product design, inherent safety and scalability. This combination of features and product approvals has previously attracted interest from academic researchers, and more recently from industry leaders, to utilize BEVS to develop next generation vaccines, vectors for gene therapy, and other biopharmaceutical complex proteins. In this review, we explore the BEVS platform, detailing how it works, platform features and limitations and important considerations for manufacturing and regulatory approval. To underscore the growth in opportunities for BEVS-derived products, we discuss the latest product developments in the gene therapy and influenza vaccine fields that follow in the wake of the recent product approvals of Glybera(®) and Flublok(®), respectively. We anticipate that the utility of the platform will expand even further as new BEVS-derived products attain licensure. Finally, we touch on some of the areas where new BEVS-derived products are likely to emerge.
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18
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Ward BJ, Landry N, Trépanier S, Mercier G, Dargis M, Couture M, D'Aoust MA, Vézina LP. Human antibody response to N-glycans present on plant-made influenza virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. Vaccine 2014; 32:6098-106. [PMID: 25240757 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-made biotherapeutics are gathering momentum and some plant glycoproteins are allergens. Glycans with core β1-2xylose and α1,3fucose motifs and antennae terminated by mannose residues (e.g.: MMXF) are found on several plant allergens and can cross-react with glyco-epitopes from other sources. To date, reactivity to these cross-reactive determinants has not been associated with clinical symptoms. OBJECTIVE We produced VLP vaccines bearing the hemagglutinin(HA) of H5(A/Indonesia/5/05) or H1(A/California/07/09) influenza viruses by transfection of Nicotiana benthamiana. Subjects enrolled in Phase I/II trials were followed for evidence of allergy/hypersensitivity and development of antibodies against plant glyco-epitopes. METHODS A total of 280/349 subjects received either one (H1) or 2 doses (H5) of vaccine (5-45 μg of HA/dose) intramuscularly including 40 with pre-existing plant allergies. Subjects were monitored for 6 months. IgG and IgE to plant glyco-epitopes were measured by ELISA using corn-/egg-derived avidin and bromelain as target antigens. RESULTS No subject developed allergic/hypersensitivity symptoms. Some (34%) developed transient IgG and, in some cases IgE, to plant glyco-epitopes but no subject mounted an IgE response to the MMXF motif. Antibodies returned to baseline by 6 months in most subjects. CONCLUSION VLP vaccines bearing influenza HA glycoproteins can elicit transient IgG and, in some cases, IgE responses that are not associated with either the development or worsening of allergic/hypersensitivity symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Ward
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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19
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Redkiewicz P, Sirko A, Kamel KA, Góra-Sochacka A. Plant expression systems for production of hemagglutinin as a vaccine against influenza virus. Acta Biochim Pol 2014; 61:551-560. [PMID: 25203219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Many examples of a successful application of plant-based expression systems for production of biologically active recombinant proteins exist in the literature. These systems can function as inexpensive platforms for the large scale production of recombinant pharmaceuticals or subunit vaccines. Hemagglutinin (HA) is a major surface antigen of the influenza virus, thus it is in the centre of interests of various subunit vaccine engineering programs. Large scale production of recombinant HA in traditional expression systems, such as mammalian or insect cells, besides other limitations, is expensive and time-consuming. These difficulties stimulate an ever-increasing interest in plant-based production of this recombinant protein. Over the last few years many successful cases of HA production in plants, using both transient and stable expression systems have been reported. Various forms of recombinant HA, including monomers, trimers, virus like particles (VLPs) or chimeric proteins containing its fusion with other polypeptides were obtained and shown to maintain a proper antigenicity. Immunizations of animals (mice, ferrets, rabbits or chickens) with some of these plant-derived hemagglutinin variants were performed, and their effectiveness in induction of immunological response and protection against lethal challenge with influenza virus demonstrated. Plant-produced recombinant subunit vaccines and plant-made VLPs were successfully tested in clinical trials (Phase I and II) that confirmed their tolerance and immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Redkiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sirko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Anna Kamel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Góra-Sochacka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Sączyńska V. Influenza virus hemagglutinin as a vaccine antigen produced in bacteria. Acta Biochim Pol 2014; 61:561-572. [PMID: 25195143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant subunit vaccines based on hemagglutinin proteins produced in bacteria (bacterial HAs) are promising candidates for enhancing the supply of vaccines against influenza, especially for a pandemic. Over 20 years after the failure to obtain the antigen with native HA characteristics in the early 1980's, there are increasing data on successful production of HA proteins in bacteria. The vast majority of bacterial HAs have been based on the HA1 subunit of HA expressed separately or as a component of conjugate vaccines, but those based on the ectodomain and the HA2 subunit have also been reported. The most of HAs have been efficiently expressed as insoluble aggregates called inclusion bodies. Refolded and purified proteins were extensively studied for structure, the ability to bind to sialic acid-containing receptors, antigenicity, immunogenicity and efficacy. The results from these studies contradict the view that glycosylation determines the correct structure of the hemagglutinin, as they proved that bacterial HAs can be valuable vaccine antigens when appropriate folding and purification methods are applied to rationally designed proteins. The best evidence for success in bacterial production of protective HA is that vaccines based on proprietary Toll-like Receptor (VaxInnate) and bacteriophage Qβ-VLPs (Cytos Biotechnology) technologies have been advanced to clinical studies.
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Ruiz J, Gilleskie GL, Brown P, Burnett B, Carbonell RG. Comprehensive hands-on training for influenza vaccine manufacturing: a WHO-BARDA-BTEC partnership for global workforce development. Biochem Mol Biol Educ 2014; 42:414-419. [PMID: 25132407 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.20817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The critical need for enhancing influenza pandemic preparedness in many developing nations has led the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), to develop an international influenza vaccine capacity-building program. Among the critical limitations faced by many of these nations is lack of access to training programs for staff supporting operations within vaccine production facilities. With support from BARDA, the Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC) at North Carolina State University has addressed this need for training by developing and delivering a comprehensive training program, consisting of three courses: Fundamentals of cGMP Influenza Vaccine Manufacturing, Advanced Upstream Processes for Influenza Vaccine Manufacturing, and Advanced Downstream Processes for Influenza Vaccine Manufacturing. The courses cover process design, transfer, and execution at manufacturing scale, quality systems, and regulations covering both manufacturing and approval of pandemic vaccines. The Fundamentals course focuses on the concepts, equipment, applicable regulations, and procedures commonly used to produce influenza vaccine. The two Advanced courses focus on process design, scale up, validation, and new technologies likely to improve efficiency of vaccine production. All three courses rely on a combination of classroom instruction and hands-on training in BTEC's various laboratories. Each course stands alone, and participants may take one or more of the three courses. Overall participant satisfaction with the courses has been high, and follow-up surveys show that participants actively transferred the knowledge they gained to the workplace. Future plans call for BTEC to continue offering the three courses and to create an online version of several modules of the Fundamentals course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ruiz
- Golden LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7928
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Abstract
Seasonal influenza is a serious respiratory illness that causes annual worldwide epidemics resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Influenza pandemics occur about every 40 yrs, and may carry a greater burden of illness and death than seasonal influenza. Both seasonal influenza and pandemic influenza have profound economic consequences. The combination of current vaccine efficacy and viral antigenic drifts and shifts necessitates annual vaccination. New manufacturing technologies in influenza vaccine development employ cell culture and recombinant techniques. Both allow more rapid vaccine creation and production. In the past 5 years, brisk, highly creative activity in influenza vaccine research and development has begun. New vaccine technologies and vaccination strategies are addressing the need for viable alternatives to egg production methods and improved efficacy. At present, stubborn problems of sub-optimal efficacy and the need for annual immunization persist. There is an obvious need for more efficacious vaccines and improved vaccination strategies to make immunization easier for providers and patients. Mitigating this serious annual health threat remains an important public health priority.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigenic Variation
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/metabolism
- Health Priorities
- Humans
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza A virus/metabolism
- Influenza Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Betainfluenzavirus/immunology
- Betainfluenzavirus/metabolism
- Mass Vaccination
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Seasons
- Technology, Pharmaceutical/trends
- Vaccines, Synthetic/chemistry
- Vaccines, Synthetic/metabolism
- Vaccines, Synthetic/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne N Nafziger
- Bertino Consulting, Schenectady, NY, USA; Adjunct Research Professor, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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23
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Abstract
The production of viral vaccines in cell culture can be accomplished with primary, diploid, or continuous (transformed) cell lines. Each cell line, each virus type, and each vaccine preparation require the specific design of upstream and downstream processing. Media have to be selected as well as production vessels, cultivation conditions, and modes of operation. Many viruses only replicate to high titers in adherently growing cells, but similar to processes established for recombinant protein production, an increasing number of suspension cell lines is being evaluated for future use. Here, we describe key issues to be considered for the establishment of large-scale virus production in bioreactors. As an example upstream processing of cell culture-derived influenza virus production is described in more detail for adherently growing and for suspension cells. In particular, use of serum-containing, serum-free, and chemically defined media as well as choice of cultivation vessel are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Genzel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
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24
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Jegerlehner A, Zabel F, Langer A, Dietmeier K, Jennings GT, Saudan P, Bachmann MF. Bacterially produced recombinant influenza vaccines based on virus-like particles. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78947. [PMID: 24260136 PMCID: PMC3832520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although current influenza vaccines are effective in general, there is an urgent need for the development of new technologies to improve vaccine production timelines, capacities and immunogenicity. Herein, we describe the development of an influenza vaccine technology which enables recombinant production of highly efficient influenza vaccines in bacterial expression systems. The globular head domain of influenza hemagglutinin, comprising most of the protein's neutralizing epitopes, was expressed in E. coli and covalently conjugated to bacteriophage-derived virus-like particles produced independently in E.coli. Conjugate influenza vaccines produced this way were used to immunize mice and found to elicit immune sera with high antibody titers specific for the native influenza hemagglutinin protein and high hemagglutination-inhibition titers. Moreover vaccination with these vaccines induced full protection against lethal challenges with homologous and highly drifted influenza strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Jegerlehner
- Immunodrugs Department, Cytos Biotechnology AG, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Zabel
- Immunodrugs Department, Cytos Biotechnology AG, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alice Langer
- Immunodrugs Department, Cytos Biotechnology AG, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Dietmeier
- Immunodrugs Department, Cytos Biotechnology AG, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gary T. Jennings
- Immunodrugs Department, Cytos Biotechnology AG, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Saudan
- Immunodrugs Department, Cytos Biotechnology AG, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Immunodrugs Department, Cytos Biotechnology AG, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Michigan Deaprtment of Community Health. Understanding new vaccine technology to prepare for the 2013-14 flu season. Mich Med 2013; 112:26-7. [PMID: 23914719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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26
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Petukhova NV, Ivanov PA, Migunov AI. [Virus-like particles--a new strategy for production of vaccines against influenza virus]. Vopr Virusol 2013; 58:10-14. [PMID: 23785764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies demonstrated that simultaneous expression of some viral proteins in the cell with the aid of a process of self-assembly might lead to the formation of the virus-like particles (VLP) even in the absence of the viral genome. The morphological and antigenic similarity between VLP and native virions represents a promising approach to the new type of vaccines. In the last decade, the threat of the influenza strains with pandemic potential becomes more important. Therefore, the technology for obtaining a new generation of safe and effective non-embryo culture vaccines was developed on the basis of the influenza VLP produced in various expression systems. This provides great advantages in comparison with existing methods of vaccine production. Such vaccines induced full humoral and cellular immune response in animals and humans. This review is focused on the literature concerning the influenza VLPs obtained in various expression systems including insect, mammalian and plant cells.
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27
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Gendon IZ, Markushin SG, Tsfasman TM, Akopova II, Akhmatova NK, Koptiaeva IB. [New cold-adapted donor strains for live influenza vaccine]. Vopr Virusol 2013; 58:11-17. [PMID: 23785755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cold-adapted (CA) strains A/Krasnodar/35 and B/Victoria/63 were isolated using passages of A/Krasnodar/101/59 and B/Victoria/2/87 wild type strains at low temperatures. The resulting CA strains possessed TS and CA phenotypes and had a reduced ability to reproduce in mouse lungs and nasal turbinates. They displayed a high protective efficacy in experiments on mice. The two CA strains reproduced well in chick embryos and MDCK cell line without change of TS and CA markers. The CA A/Krasnodar/35 strain during passages at low temperature acquired 13 mutations in the 6 internal genes, 8 of those mutations led to amino acid changes. The CA B/Victoria/63 strain acquired 8 mutations in the internal genes, 6 of which led to amino acid changes. The intranasal vaccination of mice with the CA A/Krasnodar/35 strain led to a transitory suppression of various lymphocyte subpopulations, as well as to an increase in the number of some other cell types. The CA strains in question may be used in the future as attenuation donors for live influenza vaccines.
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28
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Salhanick M. Ethical considerations for NIH funded highly transmissible H5N1. Pharos Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Med Soc 2013; 76:6-9. [PMID: 23444692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Salhanick
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio School of Medicine, USA.
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29
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Lambe T, Carey JB, Li Y, Spencer AJ, van Laarhoven A, Mullarkey CE, Vrdoljak A, Moore AC, Gilbert SC. Immunity against heterosubtypic influenza virus induced by adenovirus and MVA expressing nucleoprotein and matrix protein-1. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1443. [PMID: 23485942 PMCID: PMC3595699 DOI: 10.1038/srep01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternate prime/boost vaccination regimens employing recombinant replication-deficient adenovirus or MVA, expressing Influenza A virus nucleoprotein and matrix protein 1, induced antigen-specific T cell responses in intradermally (ID) vaccinated mice; with the strongest responses resulting from Ad/MVA immunization. In BALB/C mice the immunodominant response was shifted from the previously identified immunodominant epitope to a novel epitope when the antigen was derived from A/Panama/2007/1999 rather than A/PR/8. Alternate immunization routes did not affect the magnitude of antigen-specific systemic IFN-γ response, but higher CD8(+) T-cell IFN-γ immune responses were seen in the bronchoalveolar lavage following intransal (IN) boosting after intramuscular (IM) priming, whilst higher splenic antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell IFN-γ was seen following IM boosting. Partial protection against heterologous influenza virus challenge was achieved following either IM/IM or IM/IN but not ID/ID immunization. These data may be of relevance for the design of optimal immunization regimens for human influenza vaccines, especially for influenza-naïve infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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30
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Kydyrbaev ZK, Mamadaliev SM, Asanzhanova NN, Tabynov KK, Ryskel'dinova SZ, Cherviakova OV, Sandybaev NT, Khaĭrullin BM, Kiselev OI. [Technological approaches to development of whole-virion inactivated vaccine from recombinant strain against A/H5N1 influenza in the Republic of Kazakhstan]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2012:54-59. [PMID: 23163037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Development of technological stages of preparation of experimental influenza whole-virion inactivated adsorbed vaccine based on recombinant influenza virus strains NIBRG-14 and A/Astana/RG/6:2/2009. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2 recombinant vaccines influenza strains were used in the study--NIBRG-14 and A/Astana/RG/6:2/2009. Purification of native virus-containing allantoic fluid was performed by ion-exchange chromatography. The virus was inactivated by formaldehyde. Merthiolate at concentration of 0.1 mg/ml was added to the vaccine as a preserving substance. Aluminium hydroxide was used as an adjuvant. Harmlessness and immunogenicity (HI) of the constructed preparation are determining. RESULTS Virus-containing materials from recombinant strains with biological activity of 8.5 - 9.0 lg EID50/cm3 and hemagglutination activity of 1:256 - 1:1024 in chicken embryos were obtained. Optimal inactivation regimen of non-purified suspensions by formaldehyde was established and combined scheme of purification and concentration of influenza virus was selected that provide harmlessness and immunogenicity of experimental samples of inactivated vaccines against highly pathogenic influenza A/H5N1 in experiments in mice. CONCLUSION The data obtained on quality parameters of intermediate products and final vaccine give evidence on their compliance with normative parameters for whole-virion influenza purified vaccine.
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31
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Reynales H, Astudillo P, de Vallière S, Hatz C, Schlagenhauf P, Rath B, Velentgas P, Fariña A, Sales-Carmona V, Groth N. A prospective observational safety study on MF59(®) adjuvanted cell culture-derived vaccine, Celtura(®) during the A/H1N1 (2009) influenza pandemic. Vaccine 2012; 30:6436-43. [PMID: 22902681 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was a prospective observational study to evaluate the safety profile of Celtura(®), a monovalent, cell culture-derived, inactivated subunit influenza vaccine prepared from A/California/07/2009(H1N1) with the adjuvant MF59(®). Subjects were enrolled prospectively during the H1N1 2009 influenza pandemic at medical centres in Colombia, Chile, Switzerland, and Germany during the period December 2009 to June 2010. METHODS Subjects ages 18 and older were followed for the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) for six months after vaccination. Adverse events of special interest (AESIs) were neuritis, convulsion (seizure), anaphylaxis, encephalitis, vasculitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, demyelinating conditions, Bell's palsy, and laboratory-confirmed vaccination failure. RESULTS Overall, 7348 AEs were reported in 2296 of 3989 enrolled subjects (57.6%). Only two AEs were considered related to injection site reactions. No laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza were reported. There were 108 medically confirmed serious adverse events (SAEs) reported among 73 subjects with 6 such SAEs described as possibly or probably related to vaccination. Three fatal cases were reported and assessed as not related to vaccination. Two AESIs classified as convulsion were reported and assessed as not related to vaccination. Both AESIs occurred well outside the pre-specified 7 day risk window representing the likely timeframe of the occurrence of seizure following vaccination. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study support the overall good safety profile of MF59 adjuvanted cell culture-derived influenza vaccine as administered in adults during the 2009-2010 H1N1 influenza pandemic. No concern is raised regarding the occurrence of AESIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Reynales
- Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica (CAIMED), Bogotá, Colombia.
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32
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Hatz C, Cramer JP, Vertruyen A, Schwarz TF, von Sonnenburg F, Borkowski A, Lattanzi M, Hilbert AK, Cioppa GD, Leroux-Roels G. A randomised, single-blind, dose-range study to assess the immunogenicity and safety of a cell-culture-derived A/H1N1 influenza vaccine in adult and elderly populations. Vaccine 2012; 30:4820-7. [PMID: 22626675 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern cell-culture production techniques and the use of adjuvants helps to ensure that the global demand for pandemic influenza vaccine can be met. This study aimed to assess the immunogenicty and safety profiles of various cell-culture-derived A/H1N1 pandemic vaccine formulations in healthy adult and elderly subjects. METHODS Adult (18-60 years) subjects (n=544) received vaccine either containing 3.75 μg of antigen with half the standard dose of MF59 (Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics) adjuvant, 7.5 μg antigen with a full dose of MF59, or a non-adjuvanted vaccine containing 15 μg of antigen. Elderly (≥ 61 years) subjects (n=268) received either the 3.75 μg or 7.5 μg adjuvanted formulations. Two priming vaccine doses were administered 3 weeks apart, followed by a single booster dose of seasonal influenza vaccine 1 year later. Immunogenicity was assessed 3 weeks after each vaccination. The safety profile of each formulation was evaluated throughout the study. RESULTS A single primary dose of each A/H1N1 vaccine formulation was sufficient to meet all three European (CHMP) licensure criteria for pandemic influenza vaccines in adult subjects. Two licensure criteria were met after one vaccine dose in elderly subjects; two primary doses were required to meet all three criteria in this age group. The highest antibody titres were observed in response to the 7.5 μg vaccine containing a full dose of MF59 adjuvant. All subjects rapidly generated seroprotective antibody titres in response to booster vaccination. CONCLUSION This study identified one 3.75 μg vaccine dose containing half the standard dose of MF59 adjuvant as optimal for adults, two doses were optimal for elderly subjects. The antigen-sparing properties of MF59, and rapid, modern, cell-culture production techniques represent significant steps towards meeting the global demand for influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hatz
- Division of Communicable Diseases, Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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33
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Liu Z, Jiang T, Qin E, Ran D, Qin C. [Progress in new vaccine strategies against influenza: a review]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2012; 28:550-556. [PMID: 22916493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Influenza, caused by influenza virus, is a serious respiratory illness which poses a global public health threat. Vaccination is the primary strategy for the prevention and control of influenza. Although both inactivated vaccines and the live attenuated vaccines are effective in preventing influenza, the current vaccines have poor efficacy in the elderly and fail to provide protection against heterosubtype viruses. Development of a safer and more effective influenza vaccine that provides broad cross protection, overcoming the intrinsic limitation of the current vaccines, has been a scientific challenge. During the past decades, structural biology, reverse genetic and other virological technologies developed quickly and sped the progress of influenza vaccinology. Some new strategies for developing influenza vaccine have been generated, produced encouraging results, which showed great prospect as next-generation of influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
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Ehrlich HJ, Berezuk G, Fritsch S, Aichinger G, Singer J, Portsmouth D, Hart MK, El-Amin W, Kistner O, Barrett PN. Clinical development of a Vero cell culture-derived seasonal influenza vaccine. Vaccine 2011; 30:4377-86. [PMID: 22172502 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell culture technologies have the potential to improve the robustness and flexibility of influenza vaccine supply and to substantially shorten manufacturing timelines. We investigated the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of a Vero cell culture-derived seasonal influenza vaccine and utilized these studies to establish a serological correlate of vaccine protection. METHODS Two multicenter, randomized, double-blind phase III trials were undertaken in the US during the 2008-2009 Northern hemisphere influenza season, in young (18-49 years) and older (50-64 years and ≥ 65 years) adult subjects. 7250 young adults were randomized 1:1 to receive either Vero-derived vaccine or placebo. 3210 older adult subjects were randomized 8:1 to receive either Vero-derived vaccine or a licensed egg-derived vaccine. Serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers were assessed 21 days post-vaccination. Vaccine efficacy in preventing cell culture-confirmed influenza infection was determined for the young adult population. Local and systemic adverse events were recorded in both studies. RESULTS The Vero-derived vaccine was safe and well tolerated in both young and older adults. All US and European immunological licensing thresholds were comfortably met in both populations. Vaccine efficacy in young adults was 79% against A/H1N1 viruses antigenically matching the corresponding vaccine strain and 78.5% for all antigenically matched influenza viruses. A hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer of ≥ 1:15 provided a reliable correlate of protection for the Vero-derived influenza vaccine, with no additional benefit at titers >1:30. Bridging of the correlate of protection established in the young adult population to the older adult immunogenicity data demonstrated the likely effectiveness of the Vero-derived vaccine in the older adult population. CONCLUSIONS A Vero cell culture-derived seasonal influenza vaccine is safe, immunogenic and protects against infection with influenza virus. The novel vaccine technology has the potential to make a substantial contribution to improving influenza vaccine supply. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The studies are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, numbers NCT00566345 and NCT00782431.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut J Ehrlich
- Global R&D, Baxter BioScience, IZD Tower, Wagramerstraße 17-19, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
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35
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Tseng YF, Hu AYC, Huang ML, Yeh WZ, Weng TC, Chen YS, Chong P, Lee MS. Adaptation of high-growth influenza H5N1 vaccine virus in Vero cells: implications for pandemic preparedness. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24057. [PMID: 22022351 PMCID: PMC3192705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Current egg-based influenza vaccine production technology can't promptly meet the global demand during an influenza pandemic as shown in the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Moreover, its manufacturing capacity would be vulnerable during pandemics caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Therefore, vaccine production using mammalian cell technology is becoming attractive. Current influenza H5N1 vaccine strain (NIBRG-14), a reassortant virus between A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (H5N1) virus and egg-adapted high-growth A/PR/8/1934 virus, could grow efficiently in eggs and MDCK cells but not Vero cells which is the most popular cell line for manufacturing human vaccines. After serial passages and plaque purifications of the NIBRG-14 vaccine virus in Vero cells, one high-growth virus strain (Vero-15) was generated and can grow over 108 TCID50/ml. In conclusion, one high-growth H5N1 vaccine virus was generated in Vero cells, which can be used to manufacture influenza H5N1 vaccines and prepare reassortant vaccine viruses for other influenza A subtypes.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Biological/immunology
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Chickens/virology
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Disaster Planning
- Dogs
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/growth & development
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Vero Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fen Tseng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Alan Yung-Chih Hu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Liang Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhou Yeh
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chuan Weng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shuan Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pele Chong
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shi Lee
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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36
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Ozawa T, Jin A, Tajiri K, Takemoto M, Okuda T, Shiraki K, Kishi H, Muraguchi A. Characterization of a fully human monoclonal antibody against extracellular domain of matrix protein 2 of influenza A virus. Antiviral Res 2011; 91:283-7. [PMID: 21726583 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The extra-cellular domain of the influenza virus matrix protein 2 (M2e) is highly conserved between influenza A virus strains compared to hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, and has long been viewed as a potential and universal vaccine target. M2e induces no or only weak and transient immune responses following infection, making it difficult to detect M2e-specific antibodies producing B-cells in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Recently, using a single-cell manipulation method, immunospot array assay on a chip (ISAAC), we obtained an M2e-specific human antibody (Ab1-10) from the peripheral blood of a healthy volunteer. In this report, we have demonstrate that Ab1-10 reacted not only to seasonal influenza A viruses, but also to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus (2009 H1N1) and highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus, and that the antibody-bound M2e of 2009 H1N1 inactivated the virus with high affinity (∼10(-10)M). More importantly, it inhibited 2009 H1N1 viral propagation in vitro. These results suggest that Ab1-10 might be a potential candidate for antibody therapeutics for a wide range of influenza A viruses.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/blood
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Birds
- Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/growth & development
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/growth & development
- Influenza Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza in Birds/immunology
- Influenza in Birds/prevention & control
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Lab-On-A-Chip Devices
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Single-Cell Analysis
- Viral Matrix Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Matrix Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Fulvini AA, Ramanunninair M, Le J, Pokorny BA, Arroyo JM, Silverman J, Devis R, Bucher D. Gene constellation of influenza A virus reassortants with high growth phenotype prepared as seed candidates for vaccine production. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20823. [PMID: 21695145 PMCID: PMC3113853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza A virus vaccines undergo yearly reformulations due to the antigenic variability of the virus caused by antigenic drift and shift. It is critical to the vaccine manufacturing process to obtain influenza A seed virus that is antigenically identical to circulating wild type (wt) virus and grows to high titers in embryonated chicken eggs. Inactivated influenza A seasonal vaccines are generated by classical reassortment. The classical method takes advantage of the ability of the influenza virus to reassort based on the segmented nature of its genome. In ovo co-inoculation of a high growth or yield (hy) donor virus and a low yield wt virus with antibody selection against the donor surface antigens results in progeny viruses that grow to high titers in ovo with wt origin hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins. In this report we determined the parental origin of the remaining six genes encoding the internal proteins that contribute to the hy phenotype in ovo. Methodology The genetic analysis was conducted using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The characterization was conducted to determine the parental origin of the gene segments (hy donor virus or wt virus), gene segment ratios and constellations. Fold increase in growth of reassortant viruses compared to respective parent wt viruses was determined by hemagglutination assay titers. Significance In this study fifty-seven influenza A vaccine candidate reassortants were analyzed for the presence or absence of correlations between specific gene segment ratios, gene constellations and hy reassortant phenotype. We found two gene ratios, 6∶2 and 5∶3, to be the most prevalent among the hy reassortants analyzed, although other gene ratios also conferred hy in certain reassortants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Fulvini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Manojkumar Ramanunninair
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Jianhua Le
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Barbara A. Pokorny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Minieri Arroyo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeanmarie Silverman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Rene Devis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Doris Bucher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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38
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Huang D, Zhao L, Tan W. [Adherent and single-cell suspension culture of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells in serum-free medium]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2011; 27:645-652. [PMID: 21848001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there are tremendous economic and social losses across the world because of virus-related diseases. It is well known that Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells are easily handled, quickly amplified and efficiently infected with influenza virus. Therefore, they are considered as one of the most important cell lines for the production of influenza vaccine. In this work, we first developed a serum-free adherent culture process for MDCK cells with an in-house prepared serum-free medium MDCK-SFM. Next, we derived a cell line named ssf-MDCK, which was amenable for single-cell suspension culture in the serum-free medium. We found that during serum-free batch culture of MDCK cells, the peak viable cell density and maximum specific growth rate were 3.81 x 10(6) cells/mL and 0.056 h(-1), respectively; 3.6- and 1.6-fold increase compared with those in serum-containing adherent batch culture. In addition, we compared growth and metabolic characteristics of MDCK cells in serum-containing adherent culture, serum-free adherent culture and serum-free single-cell suspension culture. We found that less metabolic by-products were produced in both serum-free cultures. In serum-free single-cell suspension batch culture, the viable cell density was highest. These results are critical for establishing large-scale suspension culture of MDCK cells as subsequent well as large-scale influenza vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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39
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Onions D, Egan W, Jarrett R, Novicki D, Gregersen JP. Validation of the safety of MDCK cells as a substrate for the production of a cell-derived influenza vaccine. Biologicals 2011; 38:544-51. [PMID: 20537553 PMCID: PMC7129197 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell culture-based production methods may assist in meeting increasing demand for seasonal influenza vaccines and developing production flexibility required for addressing influenza pandemics. MDCK-33016PF cells are used in propagation of a cell-based seasonal influenza vaccine (Optaflu®); but, like most continuous cell lines, can grow in immunocompromised mice to produce tumors. It is, therefore, essential that no residual cells remain within the vaccine, that cell lysates or DNA are not oncogenic, and that the cell substrate does not contain oncogenic viruses or oncogenic DNA. Multiple, redundant processes ensure the safety of influenza vaccines produced in MDCK-33016PF cells. The probability of a residual cell being present in a dose of vaccine is approximately 1 in 1034. Residual MDCK-DNA is ≤10 ng per dose and the ß-propiolactone used to inactivate influenza virus results in reduction of detectable DNA to less than 200 base pairs (bp). Degenerate PCR and specific PCR confirm exclusion of oncogenic viruses. The manufacturing process has been validated for its capacity to remove and inactivate viruses. We conclude that the theoretical risks arising from manufacturing seasonal influenza vaccine using MDCK-33016PF cells are reduced to levels that are effectively zero by the multiple, orthogonal processes used during production.
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40
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Mazurkova NA, Shishkina LN, Stavskiĭ EA, Drozdov IG. [Development of new nutrient medium for MDCK and Vero cells based on soy hydrolysate obtained using bromeline and assessment of growth characteristics of influenza virus vaccine strains cultivated on them]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2011:86-90. [PMID: 21449080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To develop nutrient medium for MDCK and Vero cells based on soy hydrolysate obtained using bromeline and to assess of growth characteristics of influenza virus vaccine strains cultivated on them. MATERIALS AND METHODS Physico-chemical characteristics of hydrolysate were assessed according to FS 42-3874-99. Growth characteristics of nutrient medium based on soy hydrolysate and vaccine strains of influenza virus A/Solomon Islands/03/06 (H1N1), A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2) and B/Malaysia/2506/2004 were studied on MDCK and Vero cells. RESULTS MDCK and Vero cells grew well on medium based on soy hydrolysate obtained using bromeline with decreased (to 2% and 3% respectively) content of fetal calf serum and allowed effective production of vaccine strains of influenza virus. CONCLUSION Technology for producing of nutrient medium based on hydrolysate of soy flour obtained using bromeline was developed. This medium could successively used for cultivation of continued cell cultures MDCK and Vero used as substrate for tissue culture-based vaccines against influenza.
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41
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Brown SW, Mehtali M. The Avian EB66(R) Cell Line, Application to Vaccines, and Therapeutic Protein Production. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2010; 64:419-425. [PMID: 21502045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Embryonated chicken eggs and primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) have been used for decades as a means of manufacturing human and veterinary vaccines. However, these egg and CEF-based production systems are associated with many serious limitations in terms of their regulatory acceptability, production capacity, and supply chain risks. The development of a safer, cheaper, and more efficient cell substrate for vaccine production would represent a significant business advantage for vaccine manufacturers. Building on the exceptional properties of avian embryonic stem cells, Vivalis has created a new cell substrate, the Duck EB66® cell line. This article describes how this cell substrate was derived, the manufacture and qualification of a master cell bank, and the evaluation of the cell substrate for the manufacture of vaccines and human therapeutic proteins.
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42
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Genzel Y, Dietzsch C, Rapp E, Schwarzer J, Reichl U. MDCK and Vero cells for influenza virus vaccine production: a one-to-one comparison up to lab-scale bioreactor cultivation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:461-75. [PMID: 20617311 PMCID: PMC7080112 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, adherent MDCK (Madin Darby canine kidney) and Vero cells have attracted considerable attention for production of cell culture-derived influenza vaccines. While numerous publications deal with the design and the optimization of corresponding upstream processes, one-to-one comparisons of these cell lines under comparable cultivation conditions have largely been neglected. Therefore, a direct comparison of influenza virus production with adherent MDCK and Vero cells in T-flasks, roller bottles, and lab-scale bioreactors was performed in this study. First, virus seeds had to be adapted to Vero cells by multiple passages. Glycan analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein showed that for influenza A/PR/8/34 H1N1, three passages were sufficient to achieve a stable new N-glycan fingerprint, higher yields, and a faster increase to maximum HA titers. Compared to MDCK cells, virus production in serum-free medium with Vero cells was highly sensitive to trypsin concentration. Virus stability at 37 degrees C for different virus strains showed differences depending on medium, virus strain, and cell line. After careful adjustment of corresponding parameters, comparable productivity was obtained with both host cell lines in small-scale cultivation systems. However, using these cultivation conditions in lab-scale bioreactors (stirred tank, wave bioreactor) resulted in lower productivities for Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Genzel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany.
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43
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McPherson C. Vaccine Manufacturing--Second Annual visiongain Conference. IDrugs 2010; 13:437-439. [PMID: 20582865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The Vaccine Manufacturing--Second Annual visiongain Conference, held in London, included topics covering new technological developments in the field of influenza vaccine research. This conference report highlights selected presentations on influenza vaccine development in mammalian, insect and avian embryonic cells, regulatory considerations for cell culture-based influenza vaccine production, an improved animal model for influenza infection, and considerations for designing vaccine manufacturing facilities. Investigational drugs discussed include FluBiovax (Immunobiology Ltd) and FluBlok (Protein Sciences Corp/UMN Pharma Inc).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifton McPherson
- Protein Sciences Corp, 1000 Research Parkway, Meriden, CT 06450, USA.
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44
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Hussain AI, Cordeiro M, Sevilla E, Liu J. Comparison of egg and high yielding MDCK cell-derived live attenuated influenza virus for commercial production of trivalent influenza vaccine: in vitro cell susceptibility and influenza virus replication kinetics in permissive and semi-permissive cells. Vaccine 2010; 28:3848-55. [PMID: 20307595 PMCID: PMC7172923 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 02/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently MedImmune manufactures cold-adapted (ca) live, attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) from specific-pathogen free (SPF) chicken eggs. Difficulties in production scale-up and potential exposure of chicken flocks to avian influenza viruses especially in the event of a pandemic influenza outbreak have prompted evaluation and development of alternative non-egg based influenza vaccine manufacturing technologies. As part of MedImmune's effort to develop the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) using cell culture production technologies we have investigated the use of high yielding, cloned MDCK cells as a substrate for vaccine production by assessing host range and virus replication of influenza virus produced from both SPF egg and MDCK cell production technologies. In addition to cloned MDCK cells the indicator cell lines used to evaluate the impact of producing LAIV in cells on host range and replication included two human cell lines: human lung carcinoma (A549) cells and human muco-epidermoid bronchiolar carcinoma (NCI H292) cells. The influenza viruses used to infect the indicators cell lines represented both the egg and cell culture manufacturing processes and included virus strains that composed the 2006–2007 influenza seasonal trivalent vaccine (A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1), A/Wisconsin/67/05 (H3N2) and B/Malaysia/2506/04). Results from this study demonstrate remarkable similarity between influenza viruses representing the current commercial egg produced and developmental MDCK cell produced vaccine production platforms. MedImmune's high yielding cloned MDCK cells used for the cell culture based vaccine production were highly permissive to both egg and cell produced ca attenuated influenza viruses. Both the A549 and NCI H292 cells regardless of production system were less permissive to influenza A and B viruses than the MDCK cells. Irrespective of the indicator cell line used the replication properties were similar between egg and the cell produced influenza viruses. Based on these study results we conclude that the MDCK cell produced and egg produced vaccine strains are highly comparable.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chickens
- Dogs
- Eggs/virology
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/growth & development
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/growth & development
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- Vaccines, Attenuated/biosynthesis
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Althaf I Hussain
- Cell Culture Process Development, MedImmune, LLC 3055 Patrick Henry Dr., Santa Clara, CA 95054, USA.
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45
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Schmitt HJ, Gregersen JP, Trusheim H, Bröker M. [Safety of cell culture-based influenza vaccines]. Med Monatsschr Pharm 2010; 33:4-10. [PMID: 20131669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
After more than 60 years, the conventional production of influenza vaccines employing fertilized chicken eggs has reached its limits - both in terms of temporal flexibility and vaccine production volume. This situation is compounded by the fact that the present pandemic-driven situation has roughly doubled the overall vaccine demand virtually "overnight". Modem cell culture technology has significant advantages over the conventional method of manufacturing influenza vaccines employing embryonated chicken eggs, and enables manufacturers to respond rapidly to the exploding worldwide seasonal and pandemic-driven need for influenza vaccines. Recent articles in the popular press claiming that cell culture-based influenza vaccines can cause tumours raised uncertainty among physicians and the general population, and also discredit officially accepted assessments and product licensing by the relevant authorities. The present article provides an overview on the cell culture technology and on the safety profile of the cells and of the vaccine product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz-Josef Schmitt
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics GmbH, Emil-von-Behring-Strasse 76, 35041 Marburg.
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46
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Augustynowicz E. [Selected problems of manufacturing influenza vaccines]. Przegl Epidemiol 2010; 64:373-380. [PMID: 20976949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the study chosen issues of manufacturing influenza vaccines running to increase effectiveness were performed. New concepts into development of process of safety and efficacy influenza vaccines are connected with use a new adjuvants, use of alternative routes of administration of vaccine, new structural virus subunits including DNA, new way of virus culture and use of live, attenuated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Augustynowicz
- Zakład Badania Surowic i Szczepionek, Narodowego Instytutu Zdrowia Publicznego- Państwowego Zakładu Higieny w Warszawie.
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47
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Meshcheriakova IA, El'darov MA, Migunov AI, Stepanova LA, Repko IA, Kiselev OI, Lomonosov DP, Skriabin KG. [Cowpea mosaic virus chimeric particles bearing ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2E) of influenza A virus: production and characteristics]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2009; 43:741-750. [PMID: 19807038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The epitope presentation system for ectodomain of M2-protein of influenza A virus (M2e) based on Cowpea Mosaic Virus (CPMV) was constructed for expression in plants Vigna unguiculata. CPMV is widely used as a vector for production of immunogenic chimeric virus particles (CVPs) bearing epitopes of different infectious human and animal pathogens. To produce chimeric CPMV virus particles in plants, two binary vectors were constructed bearing modified gene coding for S-coat protein of CPMV with insertions of M2e epitopes of human influenza and bird influenza viruses. Antigenic and immunogenic properties of CVPs obtained were investigated in mice immunization experiments and it was shown that they can induce anti-M2e IgG production and partial protection mice against challenge with low doses of flu virus. However, low infectivity and immunogenicity of CPMV chimeric particles indicate the need for further optimization of plant virus-based systems for M2e-epitopes presentation to use plants as a possible source of flu vaccines.
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48
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Shoji Y, Chichester JA, Bi H, Musiychuk K, de la Rosa P, Goldschmidt L, Horsey A, Ugulava N, Palmer GA, Mett V, Yusibov V. Plant-expressed HA as a seasonal influenza vaccine candidate. Vaccine 2008; 26:2930-4. [PMID: 18440103 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is a globally important respiratory pathogen that causes a high degree of morbidity and mortality annually. Although current vaccines are effective against virus infection, new strategies need to be developed to satisfy the global demand for an influenza vaccine. To address this point, we have engineered and produced the full-length hemagglutinin (HA) protein from the A/Wyoming/03/03 (H3N2) strain of influenza in plants. The antigenicity of this plant-produced HA was confirmed by ELISA and single-radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assays. Immunization of mice with plant-produced HA resulted in HA-specific humoral (IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b) and cellular (IFNgamma and IL-5) immune responses. In addition, significant serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus neutralizing (VN) antibody titers were obtained with an antigen dose as low as 5mug. These results demonstrate that plant-produced HA protein is antigenic and can induce immune responses in mice that correlate with protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Shoji
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, 9 Innovation Way, Suite 200, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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49
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Harding CV, Heuer AH. Vaccine production: potential engineering approaches to pandemic influenza. J Pharm Sci 2007; 96:2879-85. [PMID: 17721947 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C V Harding
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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50
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Parks CL, Latham T, Cahill A, O'neill RE, Passarotti CJ, Buonagurio DA, Bechert TM, D'Arco GA, Neumann G, Destefano J, Arendt HE, Obregon J, Shutyak L, Hamm S, Sidhu MS, Zamb TJ, Udem SA. Phenotypic properties resulting from directed gene segment reassortment between wild-type A/Sydney/5/97 influenza virus and the live attenuated vaccine strain. Virology 2007; 367:275-87. [PMID: 17599381 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Revised: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Widespread use of a live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) in the United States (licensed as FluMist) raises the possibility that vaccine viruses will contribute gene segments to the type A influenza virus gene pool. Progeny viruses possessing new genotypes might arise from genetic reassortment between circulating wild-type (wt) and vaccine strains, but it will be difficult to predict whether they will be viable or exhibit novel properties. To begin addressing these uncertainties, reverse-genetics was used to generate 34 reassortant viruses derived from wt influenza virus A/Sydney/5/97 and the corresponding live vaccine strain. The reassortants contained different combinations of vaccine and wt PB2, PB1, PA, NP, M, and NS gene segments whereas all strains encoded wt HA and NA glycoproteins. The phenotypes of the reassortant strains were compared to wt and vaccine viruses by evaluating temperature-sensitive (ts) plaque formation and replication attenuation (att) in ferrets following intranasal inoculation. The results demonstrated that the vaccine virus PB1, PB2, and NP gene segments were dominant when introduced into the wt A/Sydney/5/97 genetic background, producing recombinant viruses that expressed the ts and att phenotypes. A dominant attenuated phenotype also was evident when reassortant strains contained the vaccine M or PA gene segments, even though these polypeptides are not temperature-sensitive. Although the vaccine M and NS gene segments typically are not associated with temperature sensitivity, a number of reassortants containing these vaccine gene segments did exhibit a more restricted ts phenotype. Overall, no reassortant strains were more virulent than wt, and in fact, 33 of the 34 recombinant viruses replicated less efficiently in infected ferrets. These results suggest that genetic reassortment between wt and vaccine strains is unlikely to produce viruses having novel properties that differ substantially from either progenitor, and that the likely outcome of reassortment will be attenuated viruses.
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