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Alatrag F, Amoni M, Kelly-Laubscher R, Gwanyanya A. Cardioprotective effect of fingolimod against calcium paradox-induced myocardial injury in the isolated rat heart. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:134-141. [PMID: 34559972 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fingolimod (FTY720) inhibits Ca2+-permeable, Mg2+-sensitive channels called transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7), but its effects on Ca2+ paradox (CP) - induced myocardial damage has not been evaluated. We studied the effect of FTY720 on CP-induced myocardial damage and used other TRPM7 channel inhibitors nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and Mg2+ to test if any effect of FTY720 was via TRPM7 inhibition. Langendorff-perfused Wistar rat hearts were treated with FTY720 or NDGA and subjected to a CP protocol consisting of Ca2+ depletion followed by Ca2+ repletion. Hearts of rats pre-treated with MgSO4 were also subjected to CP. Hemodynamic parameters were measured using an intraventricular balloon, and myocardial infarct size was quantified using triphenyltetrazolium chloride stain. TRPM7 proteins in ventricular tissue were detected using immunoblot analysis. FTY720, but not NDGA, decreased CP-induced infarct size. Both FTY720 and NDGA minimized the CP-induced elevation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, but only FTY720 ultimately improved ventricular developed pressure. Mg2+ pre-treatment had no effect on CP-induced infarct size, nor hemodynamic parameters during CP, nor the level of TRPM7 protein expression in ventricular tissue. Overall, FTY720 attenuated CP-induced myocardial damage, with potential therapeutic implications on Ca2+-mediated cardiotoxicity; however, the cardioprotective mechanism of FTY720 seems to be unrelated to TRPM7 channel modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Alatrag
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Matthew Amoni
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Roisin Kelly-Laubscher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Ireland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Asfree Gwanyanya
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
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2
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Zúñiga-Toalá A, Zatarain-Barrón ZL, Hernández-Pando R, Negrette-Guzmán M, Huerta-Yepez S, Torres I, Pinzón E, Tapia E, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid induces Nrf2 nuclear translocation in vivo and attenuates renal damage and apoptosis in the ischemia and reperfusion model. Phytomedicine 2013; 20:775-779. [PMID: 23643094 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that the pretreatment with nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a lignan with direct and indirect antioxidant properties, protects against the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced renal oxidant damage. Although it has been shown that NDGA induces Nrf2 nuclear translocation in renal epithelial LLC-PK1 cells in culture, it is unknown if NDGA may induce Nrf2 translocation in vivo. In this work was explored if NDGA is able to induce in vivo Nrf2 nuclear translocation in kidneys of rats submitted to uni-nephrectomy (U-NX) or I/R injury. Four groups of male Wistar rats were used: U-NX, NDGA, I/R, and I/R+NDGA. NDGA was injected i.p. (10mg/kg/day) starting 48 h before I/R. Kidney samples were obtained at 3 h of reperfusion after to measure Nrf2 translocation. Additional groups of rats were studied at 24 h of reperfusion to measure histological damage and apoptosis. NDGA was able to induce Nrf2 translocation in vivo in kidneys of rats submitted to both U-NX and I/R injury and to protect against renal histological damage and apoptosis. It is concluded that the pretreatment of NDGA is able to induce in vivo nuclear Nrf2 translocation in kidney of rats suggesting that this may be involved in the renoprotection against I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adverqueydi Zúñiga-Toalá
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico-UNAM, Mexico
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Grossman SA, Ye X, Peereboom D, Rosenfeld MR, Mikkelsen T, Supko JG, Desideri S. Phase I study of terameprocol in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:511-7. [PMID: 22323663 PMCID: PMC3309850 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Terameprocol is a global transcription inhibitor that affects cell division apoptosis, drug resistance, hypoxia responsive genes, and radiation resistance in hypoxia. A multicenter, dose-escalation study was conducted in heavily pretreated patients with recurrent, measurable, high-grade gliomas. Terameprocol was administered intravenously for 5 consecutive days each month and discontinued for toxicity or progression. Patients taking enzyme-inducing antiseizure drugs (EIASDs) were escalated independently. Thirty-five patients with a median Karnofsky performance status of 80, median age of 46 years, and median of 2 prior treatment regimens were accrued. Doses of 750, 1100, 1700, and 2200 mg/day were administered. Terameprocol was reformulated to avoid acidosis related to the excipient and was well tolerated at 1700 mg/day. Hypoxia and interstitial nephritis were noted at 2200 mg/day. Concurrent administration of EIASD did not significantly affect the serum pharmacokinetics of the terameprocol. Although no responses were seen, stable disease was noted in 9 (28%) of 32 evaluable patients, with 5 (13%) continuing treatment for >6 months (≥6, 8, 10, 10, and ≥21 months). The overall median survival was 5.9 months. This phase I study defined the toxicity of terameprocol, determined that EIASDs do not affect its pharmacokinetics, and identified 1700 mg/day as the dose for future studies. Preclinical and human data suggest that this novel transcription inhibitor is worthy of further study. The long-term stability noted in some patients and the lack of associated myelosuppression suggest that terameprocol could be safely combined with radiation and temozolomide in newly diagnosed high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Grossman
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.
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Hwu JR, Hsu CI, Hsu MH, Liang YC, Huang RCC, Lee YC. Glycosylated nordihydroguaiaretic acids as anti-cancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 21:380-2. [PMID: 21123067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 10/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Three perglycosylated nordihydroguaiaretic acids (NDGA) were synthesized through the Huiseng 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. These sugar-NDGA conjugates containing triazole-linkages possessed good solubility in water. NDGA-(triazol-galactose)(4) (12b) and NDGA-(triazol-glucose)(4) (12c) were found to act as inhibitors against human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih Ru Hwu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC.
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Lü JM, Nurko J, Weakley SM, Jiang J, Kougias P, Lin PH, Yao Q, Chen C. Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and its derivatives: an update. Med Sci Monit 2010; 16:RA93-RA100. [PMID: 20424564 PMCID: PMC2927326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Creosote bush, Larrea tridentata, is known as chaparral or greasewood in the United States and as gobernadora or hediondilla in Mexico. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), the main metabolite of the creosote bush, has been shown to have promising applications in the treatment of multiple diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders and cancers. Creosote bush is a promising agent of North American herbal medicine, and it has extensive pharmacological effects and specific mechanisms of actions. This review provides an update of recent in vitro and in vivo research about NDGA and describes experimental studies using NDGA as antioxidant. Also, potential medical uses based on the effects of NDGA on the cardiovascular, immune and neurological systems; cancer; tissue engineering; as well as pharmacokinetics and toxicity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Lü
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Jacobo Nurko
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Sarah M. Weakley
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Jun Jiang
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Panagiotis Kougias
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
- Michael E. DeBakey Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Peter H. Lin
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
- Michael E. DeBakey Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Qizhi Yao
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
- Michael E. DeBakey Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Changyi Chen
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
- Michael E. DeBakey Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
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Lee DW, Kwak IS, Lee SB, Song SH, Seong EY, Yang BY, Lee MY, Sol MY. Post-treatment effects of erythropoietin and nordihydroguaiaretic acid on recovery from cisplatin-induced acute renal failure in the rat. J Korean Med Sci 2009; 24 Suppl:S170-5. [PMID: 19194548 PMCID: PMC2633206 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2009.24.s1.s170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5-lipoxygenase inhibitor and human recombinant erythropoietin might accelerate renal recovery in cisplatin-induced acute renal failure rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups: 1) normal controls; 2) Cisplatin group-cisplatin induced acute renal failure (ARF) plus vehicle treatment; 3) Cisplatin+nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) group-cisplatin induced ARF plus 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor treatment; 4) Cisplatin+erythropoietin (EPO) group-cisplatin induced ARF plus erythropoietin treatment. On day 10 (after 7 daily injections of NDGA or EPO), urea nitrogen and serum Cr concentrations were significantly lower in the Cisplatin+NDGA and Cisplatin+EPO groups than in the Cisplatin group, and 24 hr urine Cr clearances were significantly higher in the Cisplatin+EPO group than in the Cisplatin group. Semi-quantitative assessments of histological lesions did not produce any significant differences between the three treatment groups. Numbers of PCNA(+) cells were significantly higher in Cisplatin, Cisplatin+NDGA, and Cisplatin+EPO groups than in normal controls. Those PCNA(+) cells were significantly increased in Cisplatin+NDGA group. These results suggest that EPO and also NDGA accelerate renal function recovery by stimulating tubular epithelial cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ihm Soo Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Soo Bong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Young Seong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Byeong Yun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Mee Young Sol
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Melstrom LG, Bentrem DJ, Salabat MR, Kennedy TJ, Ding XZ, Strouch M, Rao SM, Witt RC, Ternent CA, Talamonti MS, Bell RH, Adrian TA. Overexpression of 5-lipoxygenase in colon polyps and cancer and the effect of 5-LOX inhibitors in vitro and in a murine model. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:6525-30. [PMID: 18927292 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Arachidonic acid metabolism via the cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathways modulates cell growth and apoptosis. Many studies have examined the effects of COX inhibitors on human colorectal cancer, but the role of 5-LOX in colonic cancer development has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of 5-LOX in colonic polyps and cancer and the effect of 5-LOX inhibition on colon cancer cell proliferation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Colonic polyps, cancer, and normal mucosa were evaluated for 5-LOX expression by immunohistochemistry. Reverse transcription-PCR was used to establish 5-LOX expression in colon cancer cells. Thymidine incorporation and cell counts were used to determine the effect of the nonspecific LOX inhibitor Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid and the 5-LOX inhibitor Rev5901 on DNA synthesis. A heterotopic xenograft model in athymic mice using HT29 and LoVo human colon cancer cells was used to evaluate the effect of the 5-LOX inhibitor zileuton on tumor growth. RESULTS 5-LOX is overexpressed in adenomatous polyps and cancer compared with that of normal colonic mucosa. LOX inhibition and 5-LOX inhibition decreased DNA synthesis in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in the Lovo cell line (P < 0.05). Inhibition of 5-LOX in an in vivo colon cancer xenograft model inhibited tumor growth compared with that of controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that 5-LOX is up-regulated in adenomatous colon polyps and cancer compared with normal colonic mucosa. The blockade of 5-LOX inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo and may prove a beneficial chemopreventive therapy in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh G Melstrom
- Department of Surgery and Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Plaza C, Pavani M, Faundez M, Maya JD, Morello A, Becker MI, De Ioannes A, Cumsille MA, Ferreira J. Inhibitory effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid and its tetra-acetylated derivative on respiration and growth of adenocarcinoma TA3 and its multiresistant variant TA3MTX-R. In Vivo 2008; 22:353-361. [PMID: 18610748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and its tetraacetylated derivative (NDGATA) on the growth, oxygen consumption, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) level and viability of mouse mammary adenocarcinoma TA3 and its multiresistant variant TA3-MTX-R cell lines were determined. NDGA inhibited mitochondrial carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)-stimulated oxygen consumption in mouse liver and tumor cells when glutamate plus malate or succinate was added as substrate. The effects were considerably weaker when respiration was supported by duroquinol, indicating that NDGA inhibited primarily mitochondrial electron flow located at some point before ubiquinone. Although NDGATA only inhibited the electron flow through complex I, it was more efficient and selective than NDGA because mouse liver mitochondria were significantly less sensitive to it than both tumor cell lines tested. NDGA and NDGATA inhibited mitochondrial ATP synthesis and, consequently, cell viability and growth rate were also decreased. NDGA and NDGATA inhibited the growth of intramuscularly implanted tumor cells, indicating that NDGATA was also antineoplastic in vivo. In conclusion, NDGATA is cytotoxic to tumor cells, provoking selective induction of mitochondrial dysfunctions, which could be interesting as potential antitumoral agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Plaza
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago
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Smolewski P. Terameprocol, a novel site-specific transcription inhibitor with anticancer activity. IDrugs 2008; 11:204-214. [PMID: 18311658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Terameprocol, a novel, semisynthetic derivative of a naturally occurring plant lignan, is under development by Erimos Pharmaceuticals LLC for the potential treatment of cancer. The antitumor activity of terameprocol is based on the selective inhibition of specificity protein 1 (Sp1)-regulated proteins, including cyclin-dependent kinase 1, survivin and VEGF. With this mechanism of action, terameprocol potentially inhibits the cell cycle, triggers apoptosis and decreases angiogenesis. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated the potent anticancer activity of terameprocol in tumor cell lines and animal models. In addition, terameprocol prevented the proliferation of HIV, HSV and HPV by a deactivation of viral Sp1-dependent promoters in preclinical studies. In a phase I clinical trial in patients (25 evaluable) with solid tumors administered intravenous terameprocol, 8 patients exhibited stable disease and 17 had progressive disease; the drug was generally well tolerated. A good safety and efficacy profile has also been observed with the intratumoral and intravaginal administration of terameprocol in patients with head and neck or squamous cell carcinoma and in patients with cervical dysplasia, respectively. At the time of publication, terameprocol was in phase I or I/II clinical development for the treatment of glioma, treatment-refractory solid tumors and cervical dysplasia; a phase I clinical trial was also planned in patients with hematological cancers. Thus, the favorable tolerability and efficacy profile demonstrated for terameprocol to date suggests that the further investigation of this drug is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Smolewski
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland.
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Toyoda T, Tsukamoto T, Mizoshita T, Nishibe S, Deyama T, Takenaka Y, Hirano N, Tanaka H, Takasu S, Ban H, Kumagai T, Inada KI, Utsunomiya H, Tatematsu M. Inhibitory effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a plant lignan, on Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis in Mongolian gerbils. Cancer Sci 2007; 98:1689-95. [PMID: 17894552 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00599.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated that consumption of certain natural products can lower cancer risk in humans. For example, plant-derived lignans have been shown to exert chemopreventive effects against cancer in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the effects of three such lignans, termed arctiin, arctigenin, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), on the proliferation of Helicobacter pylori and the prevention of H. pylori-associated gastric cancer were investigated in Mongolian gerbils. To examine the effects of arctigenin and NDGA on stomach carcinogenesis, specific pathogen-free male, 5-week-old gerbils were infected with H. pylori, administered 10 p.p.m. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in their drinking water and fed diets containing various concentrations of lignans until they were killed after 52 weeks. At a dietary level of 0.25%, NDGA significantly decreased the incidence of gastric adenocarcinomas. Arctigenin, in contrast, failed to attenuate neoplasia at a level of 0.1%. Both NDGA and arctigenin significantly reduced serum 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels at doses of 0.25 and 0.05% (NDGA), and 0.1% (arctigenin). Administration of 0.25% NDGA significantly suppressed the formation of intestinal metaplasia both in the antrum and the corpus. Although all three lignans dose-dependently inhibited the in vitro proliferation of H. pylori, there were no differences in the titers of anti-H. pylori antibodies or the amount of the H. pylori-specific urease A gene among all H. pylori-infected groups. These results suggest that NDGA might be effective for prevention of gastric carcinogenesis. The possible mechanisms appear to be related to inhibitory effects on progression of gastritis and antioxidative activity rather than direct antimicrobial influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Toyoda
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
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11
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Fu SH, Chen YT, Chiang CH, Hsu BRS. Enhancing engraftment of neonatal porcine xenoislet with CTLA4Ig and nordihydroguaiaretic acid. Transplant Proc 2007; 38:3283-5. [PMID: 17175250 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the combinatory effect on graft survival of neonatal pig pancreatic cell clusters (NPCC) with nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, with systemic CTLA4Ig expression, with local CTLA4Ig and with interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) expression using a pig to mouse model. About 2000 NPCCs, which were infected with both adenoviruses carrying CTLA4Ig and IL1-1ra genes (each 500 pfu/NPCC), were transplanted beneath the kidney capsule of diabetic BALB/c mice. Two days before transplantation, the recipient mice were either injected with (group C, n = 4; group D, n = 6) or without (group A, n = 7; group B, n = 9) 1 x 10(13) pfu/kg body weight of adenovirus carrying the CTLA4Ig gene. Mice in groups B and D received daily injections of NDGA (20 mg/kg body weight) subcutaneously for 4 weeks. Blood glucose levels less than 200 mg/dL were defined to be normoglycemic and the transplant termed as a functioning graft for the purpose of calculating mean graft function time (MFT). Four weeks posttransplantation, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed to calculate the area under the curve (AUC). Blood glucose levels in groups C and D were significantly lower than groups A and B at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after transplantation. Graft MFT and AUC of IPGTT in group D were significantly different from those in groups A and B. Our data suggested that a high dosage of systemic expression of CTLA4Ig was effective to enhance xenograft survival and that in it was reinforced by a combination with the macrophage inhibitor NDGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan Hsien, Taiwan
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12
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Allen KL, Tschantz DR, Awad KS, Lynch WP, DeLucia AL. A plant lignan, 3′-O-Methyl-Nordihydroguaiaretic acid, suppresses papillomavirus E6 protein function, stabilizes p53 protein, and induces apoptosis in cervical tumor cells. Mol Carcinog 2007; 46:564-75. [PMID: 17393435 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is the most important factor in the induction of uterine cervical cancer, a leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Upon cell transformation, continual expression of the viral oncogenes is required to maintain the transformed phenotype. The viral E6 protein forms a ternary complex with the cellular E6-AP protein and p53 protein which promotes the rapid degradation of p53. Recent studies have revealed that lignans from the creosote bush (3'-O-methyl-nordihydroguaiaretic acid) can repress the viral promoter responsible for E6 gene expression. Work reported here shows that the lignan can subvert viral oncogene function resulting in stabilized p53 protein within treated HPV-containing tumor cells. The stabilized p53 is transcriptionally active as demonstrated by a luciferase reporter vector and induction of genes for Bax and PUMA proteins. Apoptosis is detected by annexin V binding to treated cells as analyzed by flow cytometry. Programmed cell death is confirmed by the induction of active caspases and TUNEL assay. Initiator caspase-9 is activated first, followed later by the effector caspase-3 enzyme. The stabilization and induced apoptosis are not observed within treated HPV-negative cervical tumor cells. Quantitative real time RT-PCR analysis of endogenous E6 gene transcription from the integrated HPV 16 promoter shows at least a fivefold repression of expression as compared to untreated cells. These results indicate that the loss of E6 protein in treated cells could be, in part, responsible for the stabilization of p53 within the lignan treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L Allen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, 4209 State Rt. 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
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Saliba AM, Nascimento DO, Silva MCA, Assis MC, Gayer CRM, Raymond B, Coelho MGP, Marques EA, Touqui L, Albano RM, Lopes UG, Paiva DD, Bozza PT, Plotkowski MC. Eicosanoid-mediated proinflammatory activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoU. Cell Microbiol 2006; 7:1811-22. [PMID: 16309466 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2005.00635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoU possesses two functional blocks of homology to calcium-independent (iPLA(2)) and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)), we addressed the question whether it would exhibit a proinflammatory activity by enhancing the synthesis of eicosanoids by host organisms. Endothelial cells from the HMEC-1 line infected with the ExoU-producing PA103 strain exhibited a potent release of arachidonic acid (AA) that could be significantly inhibited by methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (MAFP), a specific PLA(2) inhibitor, as well as significant amounts of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostaglandins PGE(2) and PGI(2). Cells infected with an isogenic mutant defective in ExoU synthesis did not differ from non-infected cells in the AA release and produced prostanoids in significantly lower concentrations. Infection by PA103 induced a marked inflammatory response in two different in vivo experimental models. Inoculation of the parental bacteria into mice footpads led to an early increase in the infected limb volume that could be significantly reduced by inhibitors of both COX and lipoxygenase (ibuprofen and NDGA respectively). In an experimental respiratory infection model, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from mice instilled with 10(4) cfu of PA103 exhibited a marked influx of inflammatory cells and PGE(2) release that could be significantly reduced by indomethacin, a non-selective COX inhibitor. Our results suggest that ExoU may contribute to P. aeruginosa pathogenesis by inducing an eicosanoid-mediated inflammatory response of host organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Saliba
- Departamento de Patologia e Laboratórios, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bora NS, Sohn JH, Bora PS, Kaplan HJ, Kulkarni P. Anti-inflammatory effects of specific cyclooxygenase 2,5-lipoxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis (EAAU). Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2005; 13:183-9. [PMID: 16019677 PMCID: PMC1851916 DOI: 10.1080/09273940590928643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammation, in general, causes the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators that in turn induce cyclooxygenase (COX) 2, nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and 5-lipoxygense (LP) synthesis, producing large amounts of inflammatory prostaglandins (PG), nitric oxide (NO), and leukotriene (LT) B4. Therefore, inhibition of these enzymes may abrogate intraocular inflammation in experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis (EAAU). METHODS Lewis rats were immunized with melanin-associated antigen (MAA) isolated from bovine iris and ciliary body. These animals were divided into three groups. The first group of rats received subcutaneous injection of COX 2 inhibitor CS 236 at different time points. The second and third groups of animals received subcutaneous aminoguanidine (AG), an iNOS inhibitor, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a 5-LP inhibitor, respectively. Control animals received vehicle. Rat eyes were examined daily by slit-lamp biomicroscopy from Day 7 to 30 post injection for uveitis. Animals were also sacrificed at various time points for histologic analysis. RESULTS Control animals developed severe EAAU in both eyes. The disease started in these animals on Day 12 post immunization and lasted for ten days. Interestingly, CS 236, a potent COX 2 inhibitor, completely abrogated EAAU when the animals were treated daily from the Day 0 to 14 or Day 0 to 20 after MAA injection. Furthermore, daily CS 236 treatment after the onset of EAAU (Day 14-20) significantly reduced the severity (both clinical and histologic) of EAAU and shortened the duration of disease. iNOS inhibitor (AG) and 5-LP inhibitor (NDGA) partially attenuated EAAU. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that EAAU was partially attenuated by AG and NDGA. Interestingly, CS 236, a potent COX 2 inhibitor, completely inhibited EAAU in male Lewis rats most likely by inhibiting the initial phase and onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini S Bora
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 40202, USA.
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15
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Arteaga S, Andrade-Cetto A, Cárdenas R. Larrea tridentata (Creosote bush), an abundant plant of Mexican and US-American deserts and its metabolite nordihydroguaiaretic acid. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 98:231-239. [PMID: 15814253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although controversial, Creosote bush, Larrea tridentata (Sesse and Moc. ex DC) Coville, is used to treat a variety of illnesses including infertility, rheumatism, arthritis, diabetes, gallbladder and kidney stones, pain and inflammation. Recently, it has been used as a nutritional supplement. The primary product extracted from this common plant of the arid regions of northern Mexico and Southwestern United States is the potent antioxidant nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). It was widely used during the 1950s as a food preservative and to preserve naturals fibers. Later it was banned after reports of toxicity during the early 1960s. Renal and hepatotoxicity are also reported for chronic use of creosote bush and NDGA. This article reviews traditional and contemporary uses and pharmacology, including toxicology of this plant widely used in Mexican traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Arteaga
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México, DF, México
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16
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West M, Mhatre M, Ceballos A, Floyd RA, Grammas P, Gabbita SP, Hamdheydari L, Mai T, Mou S, Pye QN, Stewart C, West S, Williamson KS, Zemlan F, Hensley K. The arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha activation of microglia and extends survival of G93A-SOD1 transgenic mice. J Neurochem 2004; 91:133-43. [PMID: 15379894 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can be caused by mutations in copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Mice expressing SOD1 mutants demonstrate a robust neuroinflammatory reaction characterized, in part, by up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and its primary receptor TNF-RI. In an effort to identify small molecule inhibitors of neuroinflammation useful in treatment of ALS, a microglial culture system was established to identify TNFalpha antagonists. Walker EOC-20 microglia cells were stimulated with recombinant TNFalpha, with or without inhibitors, and the cell response was indexed by NO2- output. Three hundred and fifty-five rationally selected compounds were included in this bioassay. The arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase (5LOX) and tyrosine kinase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a natural dicatechol, was one of the most potent non-cytotoxic antagonists tested (IC50 8 +/- 3 microm). Investigation of the G93A-SOD1 mouse model for ALS revealed increased message and protein levels of 5LOX at 120 days of age. Oral NDGA (2500 p.p.m.) significantly extended lifespan and slowed motor dysfunction in this mouse, when administration was begun relatively late in life (90 days). NDGA extended median total lifespan of G93A-SOD1 mice by 10%, and life expectancy following start of treatment was extended by 32%. Disease-associated gliosis and cleaved microtubule-associated tau protein, an indicator of axon damage, were likewise reduced by NDGA. Thus, TNFalpha antagonists and especially 5LOX inhibitors might offer new opportunities for treatment of ALS.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Blotting, Northern/methods
- Blotting, Western/methods
- Body Mass Index
- Cell Line
- Curcumin/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Interactions
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Lipoxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Lipoxygenase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Masoprocol/pharmacology
- Masoprocol/therapeutic use
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic/physiology
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/physiology
- Models, Neurological
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Paralysis/drug therapy
- Paralysis/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Rotarod Performance Test/methods
- Spinal Cord/cytology
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- Superoxide Dismutase/genetics
- Superoxide Dismutase/physiology
- Survival/physiology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
- tau Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda West
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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Anjaneyulu M, Chopra K. Nordihydroguairetic acid, a lignin, prevents oxidative stress and the development of diabetic nephropathy in rats. Pharmacology 2004; 72:42-50. [PMID: 15292654 DOI: 10.1159/000078631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2003] [Accepted: 02/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidences indicate a pivotal role of reactive oxygen species in etiology of diabetic nephropathy, an important microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, oxidative stress leads to an increased production of lipoxygenase derivatives which also play a role in diabetic nephropathy. The present study was thus designed to examine the effect of an antioxidant and a lipoxygenase inhibitor, nordihydroguairetic acid (NDGA), on renal function and oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) in rats. After the 4th week of STZ injection, NDGA (5 and 10 mg/kg) was given subcutaneously (s.c.) for another 4 weeks to both control and diabetic rats. At the end of the 8th week, diabetic rats exhibited renal dysfunction as evidenced by reduced creatinine and urea clearance along with enhanced albumin excretion rate as compared with control rats. Biochemical analysis of kidneys revealed a marked increase in oxidative stress demonstrated by increased lipid peroxidation and decreased activities of key antioxidant enzymes, glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in diabetic rats. Chronic treatment with NDGA in diabetic rats significantly prevented both renal dysfunction and oxidative stress as compared with vehicle-treated diabetic rats. The kidneys of diabetic rats showed morphological changes such as hyaline casts, glomerular thickening and moderate interstitial fibrosis and arteriolopathy, whereas NDGA administration in diabetic rats markedly prevented renal morphological alterations. These results emphasize the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy and point towards the potential of NDGA as a complementary therapy for the prevention/treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muragundla Anjaneyulu
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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18
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Hausott B, Greger H, Marian B. Naturally occurring lignans efficiently induce apoptosis in colorectal tumor cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2003; 129:569-76. [PMID: 12898234 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-003-0461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2003] [Accepted: 05/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived lignans caused cell loss by apoptosis in colorectal adenoma and carcinoma cells. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), commonly used for the inhibition of lipoxygenase isoenzymes, showed the strongest growth inhibition with an IC50 of 1.9+/-0.5 microg followed by epiashantin (IC50=9.8+/-4.5 microM) and arctigenin (IC50=16.5+/-8.5 microM). The lignans caused a time- and dose-dependent loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), down regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl(xl) and an increase of the apoptotic index. The time interval until loss of MMP and down modulation of bcl(xl) became evident correlated with the efficiency of growth inhibition by NDGA, epiashantin and yangambin. Bcl2 and caspase 3 were not involved. NDGA also induced a shift of the culture population to the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. With respect to these results, naturally occurring lignans could be useful in the therapy and chemoprevention of colorectal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hausott
- Institute of Cancer Research, University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Abstract
tetra-O-methylnordihydroguaiaretic acid is a derivative of a naturally-occurring lignan, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, that has previously been shown to inhibit various cancer types in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, nordihydroguaiaretic acid has been shown to have nephrotoxic effects in the rat. Here we show that tetra-O-methylnordihydroguaiaretic acid inhibits the growth of a number of tumor cell lines in vitro by inducing apoptosis in a non-schedule-dependent manner. Further, this compound inhibits the synthesis of DNA by melanoma cells and causes cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. tetra-O-Methylnordihydroguaiaretic acid also inhibits the growth of both murine and human melanomas and human colon cancer in vivo without apparent hepatic or renal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Lambert
- Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 245024, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724-5024, USA
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21
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Shishido Y, Furushiro M, Hashimoto S, Yokokura T. Effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid on behavioral impairment and neuronal cell death after forebrain ischemia. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2001; 69:469-74. [PMID: 11509206 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), an antioxidant and/or 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, on ischemia-reperfusion injury behavioral pharmacologically and histologically in vivo. First, the antioxidant activity of NDGA was evaluated in vitro by measuring the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in rat brain homogenate. Second, the effect of NDGA on learning and memory impairment induced by rat four-vessel occlusion transient ischemia was investigated with the Morris water-maze task. Third, the effect of NDGA on pyramidal cell loss in the hippocampus after transient ischemia was examined. NDGA inhibited the production of TBARS with an IC(50) of 0.1 microM, and significantly attenuated postischemic learning and memory impairment at 10 mg/kg. Furthermore, consecutive 4-day administration of NDGA at 10 mg/kg significantly reduced the postischemic neuronal death. NDGA was found to be potent and effective as an anti-ischemia-reperfusion injury agent in terms of behavioral pharmacology and histology. The present results suggest that NDGA has beneficial effects on behavioral deficits and histological injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shishido
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, 1796 Yaho, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.
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22
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Saarinen JV, Harvima RJ, Horsmanheimo M, Harvima IT. Modulation of the immediate allergic wheal reaction in the skin by drugs inhibiting the effects of leukotriene C4 and prostaglandin D2. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2001; 57:1-4. [PMID: 11372583 DOI: 10.1007/s002280000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), zafirlukast and indomethacin on the size of the size of the allergic prick-test wheal. METHOD In the first part of the study, NDGA and indomethacin, as well as the mepyramine control (10 micrograms/ml and 100 micrograms/ml), were injected intracutaneously 10 min before prick-testing with the cow dander allergen in 51 sensitised atopic subjects. In the second part, five other subjects were prick-tested with several allergens followed by administration of 40 mg zafirlukast or 100 mg indomethacin and re-prick-testing 2 h or 4 h later. RESULTS The intracutaneous indomethacin at both concentrations enlarged the wheal by 27 +/- 50% and 29 +/- 51% (P < 0.02, n = 51), respectively. Likewise, the peroral indomethacin significantly increased the wheal area by 17 +/- 30% (P = 0.035, n = 5). Neither intracutaneous NDGA in 51 subjects nor peroral zafirlukast in 5 subjects had marked effects on the size of the prick-test wheal. As expected, mepyramine (10 micrograms/ml) decreased the wheal area by 33 +/- 32% (P < 0.001, n = 51), but 14 subjects did not show any decrease after administration of this H1-antihistamine. CONCLUSION The prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor (indomethacin) augments the prick-test wheal, but the leukotriene synthesis inhibitor (NDGA) and leukotriene C4 antagonist (zafirlukast) have no marked effects on the size of the prick-test wheal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Saarinen
- Department of Dermatology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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23
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Anesini C, Ferraro G, López P, Borda E. Different intracellular signals coupled to the antiproliferative action of aqueous crude extract from Larrea divaricata Cav. and nor-dihydroguaiaretic acid on a lymphoma cell line. Phytomedicine 2001; 8:1-7. [PMID: 11292233 DOI: 10.1078/0944-7113-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the effect of standard NDGA, as compared to that of an aqueous extract of Larrea divaricata Cav., on BW 5147 lymphoma cell-line proliferation. To determine the mechanism of action, the effects of both on the level of intracellular cAMP, protein kinase C activity and calcium influx were studied. Moreover, the NDGA present in the aqueous extract of the plant was quantified. The aqueous extract and the standard NDGA showed antiproliferative action against these cells. While the antiproliferative activity of the aqueous extract was mediated by an increase in cAMP levels, and inhibition of PKC and calcium influx, the antiproliferative activity of NDGA was related only to the inhibition of PKC. Considering the amount of NDGA detected in the aqueous extract of the plant, at the concentrations analyzed in this case, antiproliferative activity of Larrea divaricata cannot be attributed to this compound, but could have an additive effect on the activity of other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Anesini
- Cátedra de Farmacologia, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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24
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Reed MJ, Meszaros K, Entes LJ, Claypool MD, Pinkett JG, Brignetti D, Luo J, Khandwala A, Reaven GM. Effect of masoprocol on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a rat model of Type II diabetes. Diabetologia 1999; 42:102-6. [PMID: 10027587 DOI: 10.1007/s001250051121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracts of the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata, family Zygophyllaceae) have long been used as a folk remedy for Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes by native Americans in southwestern North America. In this study we have evaluated the metabolic effects of masoprocol, a pure compound isolated from the creosote bush, in a rat model of Type II diabetes. Animals were fed a 20% fat (by weight) diet for 2 weeks prior to intravenous injection with streptozotocin (STZ, 0.19 mmol/kg). Diabetic animals (glucose 16-33 mmol/l) were treated with vehicle, metformin (0.83 mmol/kg body weight) or masoprocol (0.83 mmol/kg body weight) twice a day for 4 days. Masoprocol treatment lowered glucose concentrations an average of 35% compared with vehicle (14.2+/-1.1 vs 21.7+/-1.0 mmol/l, p < 0.001), a reduction similar to metformin treatment (12.8+/-0.9 mmol/l), without any change in insulin concentration. Masoprocol treatment also lowered triglyceride concentrations 80% compared with vehicle (1.0+/-0.1 vs 4.8+/-0.3 mmol/l, p < 0.001), a reduction far greater than following metformin treatment (3.6+/-0.3 mmol/l). Non-esterified fatty acid and glycerol concentration were decreased by approximately 65% by masoprocol compared with vehicle, a reduction approximately twice as great as seen with metformin (p < 0.001). The effect of masoprocol on in vivo insulin-mediated glucose disposal was evaluated by infusing fat-fed/STZ rats with glucose (0.22 mmol kg x min(-1)) and insulin (30 pmol x kg x min(-1)) for 5 h. In response to the infusion, steady-state plasma glucose concentrations were reduced 30% in masoprocol-treated animals compared with vehicle controls (p < 0.05) with no change noted in rats treated with metformin. The effect of masoprocol treatment was also tested in primary adipocytes isolated from normal animals. Adipocytes treated with masoprocol (30 micromol/l) had higher basal and insulin-stimulated glucose clearance than did adipocytes treated with vehicle (p <0.05). These data show that masoprocol decreases both plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations in fat-fed/STZ rats, presumably as a result of its ability to both increase glucose disposal and decrease lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Reed
- Shaman Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080-4812, USA
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- R Odom
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
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Luo J, Chuang T, Cheung J, Quan J, Tsai J, Sullivan C, Hector RF, Reed MJ, Meszaros K, King SR, Carlson TJ, Reaven GM. Masoprocol (nordihydroguaiaretic acid): a new antihyperglycemic agent isolated from the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata). Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 346:77-9. [PMID: 9617755 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An ethnomedically-driven approach was used to evaluate the ability of a pure compound isolated from the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) to lower plasma glucose concentration in two mouse models of type 2 diabetes. The results indicated that plasma glucose concentration fell approximately 8 mmol/l in male C57BL/ks-db/db or C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice following the oral administration of masoprocol (nordihydroguaiaretic acid), a well known lipoxygenase inhibitor. The decline in plasma glucose concentration following masoprocol treatment in the mice was achieved without any change in plasma insulin concentration. In addition, oral glucose tolerance improved and the ability of insulin to lower plasma glucose concentrations was accentuated in masoprocol-treated db/db mice. These data raise the possibility that masoprocol, or other lipoxygenase inhibitors, represents a new approach to the pharmacological treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Luo
- Shaman Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4812, USA
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Abstract
Actinic keratoses are extremely common premalignant keratinocytic neoplastic lesions that develop primarily in fair-complexioned individuals during midlife or beyond. Genetic, occupational and other environmental factors predispose to the development of these lesions. Without treatment, a significant number may progress to fully developed neoplasms, especially squamous cell carcinoma, over a period of 20 to 50 years. The multistep theory of carcinogenesis is helpful in understanding the pathogenesis and progression of this important and highly prevalent lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Barnaby
- Division of Dermatopathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
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Epstein E. Immunotherapy of warts with masoprocol cream. Cutis 1997; 59:287-9. [PMID: 9169274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Epstein
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Kuştimur S, Memiş L, Kilinç M, Ercan ZS. Effect of nordihydroguaretic acid and fluconazole on the LTC4/PGE2 ratio in the kidney of mice damaged by Candida albicans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1997; 56:281-3. [PMID: 9150373 DOI: 10.1016/s0952-3278(97)90571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The kidney is a major target organ in generalized candidiasis. When mice were infected with C.albicans, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-like activity was found to be significantly decreased while leukotriene C4 (LTC4)-like activity increased in the kidneys within 10 days. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of nordihydroguaretic (NDGA) and fluconazole on the LTC4/PGE2 ratio in the mice kidneys infected by proteinase (+) C. albicans. The LTC4/PGE2 ratio was found to be significantly decreased both in NDGA and fluconazole-pretreated groups. These results indicate that pretreatment with the lipoxygenase inhibitor NDGA and the antifungal drug fluconazole, protect the kidney against C. albicans infection. These results also indicate a possible role of arachidonic acid metabolites (increase LTC4 and decrease PGE2) in kidney damage due to C. albicans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kuştimur
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Bellot JL, Palmero M, Alcoriza N, Blanco A, García-Cabanes C, Hariton C, Orts A. Concomitant treatment with a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor improves the anti-inflammatory effect of the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase during the early phase of endotoxin-induced uveitis in the rabbit. Ophthalmic Res 1997; 29:227-36. [PMID: 9261846 DOI: 10.1159/000268017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors, such as NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), have been shown to attenuate endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) but they could increase leukocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium. We hypothesize that a concomitant treatment with the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) in 50% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, a hydroxyl radical scavenger) could improve the anti-inflammatory activity of L-NAME. EIU was induced in albino rabbits by intravitreal injection of 100 ng lipopolysaccharide. Animals were treated with multiple intraperitoneal injections of 50% DMSO in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), NDGA (10 mg/kg) in 50% DMSO, L-NAME (50 mg/ kg) in PBS, or the combination NDGA+L-NAME. Uveitis was assessed by slit lamp examination, protein levels in aqueous humor, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the iris/ciliary body 6 h after induction. Nitrite, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), platelet-activating factor (PAF) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) levels in aqueous humor were also determined. NDGA or L-NAME alone did not show a significant reduction of uveitis intensity, although a significant decrease in MPO or in proteins was found, respectively. The combination NDGA+L-NAME significantly reduced the uveitis intensity, MPO in the iris/ciliary body, and the levels of nitrites, LTB4, PGE2, and PAF in aqueous humor. IL-1 beta levels were lower than the detection limit of the radioimmunoassay in all treatment groups. We conclude that concomitant treatment with NDGA in DMSO improves the anti-inflammatory activity of L-NAME during the early phase of EIU, suggesting that the inhibition of NO synthesis could enhance leukocyte infiltration and the release of oxygen free radicals.
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Avis IM, Jett M, Boyle T, Vos MD, Moody T, Treston AM, Martínez A, Mulshine JL. Growth control of lung cancer by interruption of 5-lipoxygenase-mediated growth factor signaling. J Clin Invest 1996; 97:806-13. [PMID: 8609238 PMCID: PMC507119 DOI: 10.1172/jci118480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways shared by different autocrine growth factors may provide an efficient approach to accomplish clinically significant control of lung cancer growth. In this study, we demonstrate that two autocrine growth factors activate 5-lipoxygenase action of the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway in lung cancer cell lines. Both growth factors increased the production of 5(S)-hydrooxyeicosa-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-tetraeno ic acid (5-HETE), a major early 5-lipoxygenase metabolic product. Exogenously added 5-HETE stimulated lung cancer cell growth in vitro. Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase metabolism by selective antagonists resulted in significant growth reduction for a number of lung cancer cell lines. Primary clinical specimens and lung cancer cell lines express the message for the 5-lipoxygenase enzymes responsible for the generation of active metabolites. In vivo evaluation demonstrated that interruption of 5-lipoxygenase signaling resulted in enhanced levels of programmed cell death. These findings demonstrate that 5-lipoxygenase activation is involved with growth factor-mediated growth stimulation for lung cancer cell lines. Pharmacological intervention with lipoxygenase inhibitors may be an important new clinical strategy to regulate growth factor-dependent stages of lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Avis
- National Cancer Institute, Biomarkers and Prevention Research Branch, Rockville, Maryland 20850-3300, USA
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Masoprocol for multiple actinic keratoses. Med Lett Drugs Ther 1993; 35:97. [PMID: 8412980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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34
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Ohadi C, Litwin KL, Moreira H, Kwitko S, Gauderman WJ, Gritz DC, Gwon A, Jones R, McDonnell PJ. Anti-inflammatory therapy and outcome in a guinea pig model of Pseudomonas keratitis. Cornea 1992; 11:398-403. [PMID: 1424667 DOI: 10.1097/00003226-199209000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Corneal scarring as a consequence of bacterial keratitis is an important cause of visual loss and a major indication for penetrating keratoplasty. Anti-inflammatory agents might be useful in this condition for limiting corneal damage, but benefit from adjunctive anti-inflammatory therapy has never been demonstrated. In this limited pilot study, we compared the effect on clinical outcome of treating Pseudomonas keratitis in guinea pigs with prednisolone (a corticosteroid), flurbiprofen (a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor), nordihydroguaiaretic acid (a lipoxygenase inhibitor), and a leukotriene antagonist, SKF104353 [R-(R*, S*)]-beta-[(2-carboxyethyl) thio-alpha-hydroxy-2-(8-phenyloctyl) benzenepropanoic acid, zinc salt]. None of the anti-inflammatory agents prevented sterilization of ulcers with antibiotic (ofloxacin) therapy. Therapy with the leukotriene antagonist appeared to reduce infiltrate size more quickly and produce a more rapid reduction in lesion size, but the differences were not statistically significant. Sample size calculations suggest that very large numbers of animals would be required to prove efficacy. The role of anti-inflammatory agents in reducing the stromal destruction caused by bacterial keratitis remains controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ohadi
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90033
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Moreira H, McDonnell PJ, Fasano AP, Silverman DL, Coates TD, Sevanian A. Treatment of experimental Pseudomonas keratitis with cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors. Ophthalmology 1991; 98:1693-7. [PMID: 1666177 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(91)32081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of metabolites of arachidonic acid in experimental Pseudomonas keratitis was studied using inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid 1%, which inhibits predominantly the lipoxygenase pathway, and flurbiprofen 0.03%, which inhibits predominantly the cyclo-oxygenase pathway were administered topically to rabbit eyes after intrastromal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Levels of the cyclo-oxygenase product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the lipoxygenase product leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were measured, and the number of ulcers that had progressed to descemetocele formation by 24 hours was determined. Corneal ulceration was accelerated by flurbiprofen, but nordihydroguaiaretic acid limited the flurbiprofen-induced worsening. The use of flurbiprofen was associated with decreased levels of PGE2 and a relative increase in LTB4, a potent chemoattractant and activator of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. These results suggest that inhibition of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway may be contraindicated in Pseudomonas keratitis; inhibition of lipoxygenase can prevent this worsening of the keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Moreira
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90033
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36
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Olsen EA, Abernethy ML, Kulp-Shorten C, Callen JP, Glazer SD, Huntley A, McCray M, Monroe AB, Tschen E, Wolf JE. A double-blind, vehicle-controlled study evaluating masoprocol cream in the treatment of actinic keratoses on the head and neck. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991; 24:738-43. [PMID: 1869646 DOI: 10.1016/0190-9622(91)70113-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This double-blind, vehicle-controlled, multicenter study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a new topical antineoplastic agent, masoprocol, in the treatment of actinic keratoses of the head and neck. Of the 113 patients who applied topical masoprocol twice a day for 14 to 28 days, there was a mean decrease in actinic keratoses from 15.0 to 5.4 and a median percent reduction from baseline actinic keratosis count of 71.4% at the 1-month follow-up visit. Comparable numbers for the vehicle-treated group were 13.4 to 11.1 actinic keratoses and 4.3% median percent reduction. Irritation, as manifested by erythema or flaking, occurred in 61.5% of topical masoprocol-treated patients versus 26.7% of those treated with vehicle and did not correlate with clinical response. Topical masoprocol appears to be useful in the treatment of actinic keratoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Olsen
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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37
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Rose DM, Giri SN, Cullor JS, Bushnell RB. The combined use of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors in Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced bovine mastitis. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A 1991; 38:99-106. [PMID: 1649514 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1991.tb00989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of combined administration of flunixin meglumine (FM) and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) on milk prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) concentrations, and inflammatory indicators of bovine mastitis was examined. Mastitis was induced in six Holstein cows by the inoculation of Klebsiella pneumoniae via the teat canal. Four cows were intravenously treated with FM (1.1 mg/kg) and NDGA (10 mg/kg) 1 hour prior to bacterial inoculation and again at post inoculation hour (PIH) 11. Two control cows were intravenously treated with equivalent volume doses of sterile isotonic saline solution at the same post inoculation time points. Combined use of FM and NDGA was effective in reducing elevations in milk PGF2 alpha levels and slightly effective in reducing elevations in milk LTB4 levels in the mastitic cows. Elevations in milk bovine serum albumin (BSA) levels were partially reduced during the early post inoculation time period in the FM and NDGA treated cows as compared to the saline treated control cows. Milk somatic cell counts from inoculated quarters were not significantly altered by FM and NDGA treatment. Elevations in rectal temperature were not reduced by FM and NDGA treatment, but clinical signs of quarter inflammation (warmth and swelling) were reduced by FM and NDGA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Rose
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
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Abstract
The role of metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis was studied using inhibitors of AA metabolism. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), which inhibits predominantly the lipoxygenase (LO) pathway, or indomethacin, a specific cyclo-oxygenase (CO) inhibitor, was administered to rats immunized with retinal S antigen. Levels of various AA metabolites were measured in the inflamed uvea, and the severity of intraocular inflammation was quantitated by morphometric analysis. Histopathologically, the uveoretinitis was significantly suppressed following treatment with NDGA, while indomethacin treatment resulted in augmentation of the disease (p less than 0.05). These results tend to indicate that the inhibition of the LO rather than the CO pathway may be more beneficial in the treatment of autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chen
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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Abstract
Dithranol-induced skin irritation and the modulatory effects of different pharmacological agents were studied using the mouse ear model. A single topical application of dithranol caused a dose-dependent skin irritation which resulted in delayed swelling of the mouse ear with two separate peak responses, 1-2 and 6-10 days after application. The irritation was most effectively and persistently inhibited by topical treatment with corticosteroids, the free radical scavenger DL-alpha-tocopherol (DLAT) and the serotonin antagonist metergoline. The effect of corticosteroids, however, was slightly diminished during the second peak irritation. The lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), the dual lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor tolfenamic acid and the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin as well as trifluoperazine retained their inhibitory activity. Of these compounds, indomethacin was active only during the first irritation peak, NDGA during both peaks and trifluoperazine principally during the second peak. Retinoic acid did not inhibit the ear swelling. The results confirm and extend the observations that the formation of free radicals is essential for dithranol inflammation. The inflammation can also be suppressed by inhibiting the formation of arachidonic acid or its pro-inflammatory metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Viluksela
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Athar M, Raza H, Bickers DR, Mukhtar H. Inhibition of benzoyl peroxide-mediated tumor promotion in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-initiated skin of Sencar mice by antioxidants nordihydroguaiaretic acid and diallyl sulfide. J Invest Dermatol 1990; 94:162-5. [PMID: 2105358 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12874431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO), a free radical generating compound, is widely used in topical medications prescribed for acne vulgaris and in cosmetic products. It has been shown to possess tumor-promoting activity in murine skin initiated with chemical carcinogens such as 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). In the present study we assessed the effect of the antioxidants nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and diallyl sulfide (DAS) against BPO-mediated tumor promotion in murine skin. Pretreatment of Sencar mice with NDGA and DAS prior to skin application of BPO resulted in a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of epidermal ODC induction caused by BPO. Tumor initiation was achieved by a single topical application of DMBA (10 micrograms/animal) to Sencar mice. Ten days later tumor promotion was begun by twice-weekly topical application of BPO (20 mg/animal). The anticarcinogenic effects of NDGA (25 mumol/mouse) and DAS (20 mumol/mouse) were evaluated by administering these agents topically 60 min prior to each BPO application. After 26 weeks on test, the number of benign papillomas/mouse were 0.10 +/- 0.07 and 2.15 +/- 0.30 in the NDGA and DAS pretreated group of animals as compared to 4.40 +/- 1.14 in animals receiving BPO alone. After 51 weeks on test, the number of squamous cell carcinomas/mouse were 0.00 +/- 0.00, 0.35 +/- 0.10 in the NDGA and DAS pretreated group of animals as compared to 0.65 +/- 0.12 in animals receiving BPO alone. From these data we suggest that the antioxidants NDGA and DAS can abrogate the tumor-promoting effects of BPO in murine skin and that NDGA is substantially more effective than DAS in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
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Dziezyc J, Millichamp NJ, Rohde BH, Baker JS, Chiou GC. Effects of lipoxygenase inhibitors in a model of lens-induced uveitis in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1989; 50:1877-82. [PMID: 2515781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Uveitis was induced in dogs by intracameral injection of canine lens protein. The lipoxygenase inhibitors phenidone and norhydroguaiaretic acid, and dimethyl sulfoxide decreased fibrin production at 0.5 and 1 hour after induction of uveitis. Phenidone and norhydroguaiaretic acid also inhibited the initial increase in intraocular pressure early in the course of inflammation. Leukotriene B4 in the aqueous was measured by use of radioimmunoassay at 1 hour after inflammation. In control dogs, 230 to 1,700 pg of leukotriene B4/ml was measured; in dogs treated with phenidone, leukotriene B4 was not measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dziezyc
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843
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Della Loggia R, Ragazzi E, Tubaro A, Fassina G, Vertua R. Anti-inflammatory activity of benzopyrones that are inhibitors of cyclo- and lipo-oxygenase. Pharmacol Res Commun 1988; 20 Suppl 5:91-4. [PMID: 3150058 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-6989(88)80849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory activity of three benzo-pyrones with prevalent lipooxigenase-inhibitory activity was studied using the Croton oil ear test in mice, in comparison with nordihydroguaieretic acid (NDGA) and indomethacin. Kaempferol, quercetin and NDGA possess a strong and prolonged anti-inflammatory effect, whereas the action of indomethacin appears relevant, but not long-lasting. In contrast the anti-inflammatory activity of esculetin is rather weak, but persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Della Loggia
- Institute of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, University of Trieste, Italy
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Tuomanen E, Hengstler B, Rich R, Bray MA, Zak O, Tomasz A. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in the therapy for experimental pneumococcal meningitis. J Infect Dis 1987; 155:985-90. [PMID: 3470394 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/155.5.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased inflammatory mass in the subarachnoid space during bacterial meningitis may correlate with a poor outcome of disease. Using a rabbit model of pneumococcal meningitis, we sought to reduce this inflammatory process. The ability of the pneumococcal cell wall to cause death and to generate leukocytosis and abnormal chemistry in cerebrospinal fluid was prevented when animals were treated with inhibitors of cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonate metabolism. Bacterial lysis by ampicillin led to release of cell wall that caused a significant, transient increase in meningeal inflammation. This inflammatory burst was also prevented by administering cyclooxygenase inhibitors concurrently with the antibiotic.
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45
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Rao NA, Patchett R, Fernandez MA, Sevanian A, Kunkel SL, Marak GE. Treatment of experimental granulomatous uveitis by lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. Arch Ophthalmol 1987; 105:413-5. [PMID: 2950848 DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1987.01060030133043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lens-induced granulomatous uveitis was produced in brown Norway rats. To determine the role of the lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase products of arachidonic acid in the modulation of granulomatous uveitis, one group of experimental animals was treated with nafazatrom, while another group was treated with nordihydroguaiaretic acid (lipoxygenase inhibitors). Both resulted in significant attenuation of granulomatous inflammation, with reduced giant-cell infiltration into the choroid. In contrast, indomethacin (a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor) therapy resulted in increased giant-cell formation. These findings suggest that the lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase products of arachidonic acid play a role in the development of granulomatous uveitis and that such inflammation can be selectively suppressed by lipoxygenase inhibitors.
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46
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Jordan ML, Hoffman RA, Simmons RL. Prevention of experimental allograft rejection by nordihydroguaiaretic acid. Transplant Proc 1987; 19:1307. [PMID: 2856272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M L Jordan
- Veterans of Foreign Wars Cancer Research Center, Minneapolis, MN
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47
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Birkenfeld S, Zaltsman YA, Krispin M, Zakut H, Zor U, Kohen F. Antitumor effects of inhibitors of arachidonic acid cascade on experimentally induced intestinal tumors. Dis Colon Rectum 1987; 30:43-6. [PMID: 3803107 DOI: 10.1007/bf02556922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The antitumor action of inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (indomethacin) and lipoxygenase activity (nordihydroguaiaretic acid) of arachidonic acid cascade was investigated in the chemically induced large bowel tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats. Indomethacin treatment completely prevented the carcinogenic effect of methylazoxymethanol. Thus, no tumors were found in the 14 rat test group, compared with 13 of 14 tumor-bearing rats in the untreated control group. Although nordihydroguaiaretic acid treatment does not abolish prostaglandin synthesis, it does reduce the effect of the carcinogen and tumors were found in only five of 14 treated rats. From this study it can be postulated that not only is reduction in prostaglandin formation responsible for the inhibition of tumor growth, but also leukotrienes may play some role.
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48
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Yates F, Centifanto YM, Caldwell DR. The effect of modulating the synthesis of arachidonic acid cascade products on HSV lesion recurrence. Curr Eye Res 1987; 6:99-104. [PMID: 3103985 DOI: 10.3109/02713688709020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Induction of HSV lesion recurrence may be achieved by a variety of stimuli. Trauma of almost any kind (physical, chemical, electromagnetic and thermal) to the healed primary lesion site has been successful for induction of recurrence. In common with each of these mechanisms is the release of inflammatory mediators (arachidonic acid (AA), complement, kinins, etc.) following trauma. Because blockade of the AA cascade with steroids has been noted to abort HSV skin lesions, and because steroids have numerous side effects making them a poor therapeutic choice in ocular lesions, we decided to test several relatively different types of AA cascade inhibitory drugs in mouse ear HSV recurrence models. In this series of experiments, it was found that topical steroids gave the greatest initial decrease in lesion number (80% fewer than control on day 3 post recurrence induction (PRI), while meclofenamate resulted in the greatest reduction of lesions by day 5 PRI (85% fewer lesions than control and 60% fewer than the steroid treated group). The NDGA treated group exhibited the least reduction in recurrence severity (27% fewer lesions than control on day 5 PRI and 200% more lesions than the steroid group. Chlorpromazine (thorazine) acted roughly equivalent to the steroid treated group by day 5 PRI (70% fewer lesions than the untreated control group). Relative efficacy in lesion reduction between groups by day 5 PRI is: meclofenamate greater than steroid = chlorpromazine greater than NDGA greater than control. Meclofenamate, steroid and chlorpromazine significantly reduced lesions (p less than .05) when compared with the saline treated control mice. NDGA did not significantly reduce lesions by day 5 PRI.
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