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Yao LL, Hou WD, Liang Y, Li XD, Ji HH. Spire2 and Rab11a synergistically activate myosin-5b motor function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 703:149653. [PMID: 38364682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Cellular vesicle long-distance transport along the cytoplasmic actin network has recently been uncovered in several cell systems. In metaphase mouse oocytes, the motor protein myosin-5b (Myo5b) and the actin nucleation factor Spire are recruited to the Rab11a-positive vesicle membrane, forming a ternary complex of Myo5b/Spire/Rab11a that drives the vesicle long-distance transport to the oocyte cortex. However, the mechanism underlying the intermolecular regulation of the Myo5b/Spire/Rab11a complex remains unknown. In this study, we expressed and purified Myo5b, Spire2, and Rab11a proteins, and performed ATPase activity measurements, pulldown and single-molecule motility assays. Our results demonstrate that both Spire2 and Rab11a are required to activate Myo5b motor activity under physiological ionic conditions. The GTBM fragment of Spire2 stimulates the ATPase activity of Myo5b, while Rab11a enhances this activation. This activation occurs by disrupting the head-tail interaction of Myo5b. Furthermore, at the single-molecule level, we observed that the GTBM fragment of Spire2 and Rab11a coordinate to stimulate the Myo5b motility activity. Based on our results, we propose that upon association with the vesicle membrane, Myo5b, Spire2 and Rab11a form a ternary complex, and the inhibited Myo5b is synergistically activated by Spire2 and Rab11a, thereby triggering the long-distance transport of vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Yao
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Wei-Dong Hou
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Yi Liang
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Insect Pests and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Huan-Hong Ji
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
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2
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McParland ED, Butcher TA, Gurley NJ, Johnson RI, Slep KC, Peifer M. The Dilute domain in Canoe is not essential for linking cell junctions to the cytoskeleton but supports morphogenesis robustness. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261734. [PMID: 38323935 PMCID: PMC11006394 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Robust linkage between adherens junctions and the actomyosin cytoskeleton allows cells to change shape and move during morphogenesis without tearing tissues apart. The Drosophila multidomain protein Canoe and its mammalian homolog afadin are crucial for this, as in their absence many events of morphogenesis fail. To define the mechanism of action for Canoe, we are taking it apart. Canoe has five folded protein domains and a long intrinsically disordered region. The largest is the Dilute domain, which is shared by Canoe and myosin V. To define the roles of this domain in Canoe, we combined biochemical, genetic and cell biological assays. AlphaFold was used to predict its structure, providing similarities and contrasts with Myosin V. Biochemical data suggested one potential shared function - the ability to dimerize. We generated Canoe mutants with the Dilute domain deleted (CnoΔDIL). Surprisingly, they were viable and fertile. CnoΔDIL localized to adherens junctions and was enriched at junctions under tension. However, when its dose was reduced, CnoΔDIL did not provide fully wild-type function. Furthermore, canoeΔDIL mutants had defects in the orchestrated cell rearrangements of eye development. This reveals the robustness of junction-cytoskeletal connections during morphogenesis and highlights the power of natural selection to maintain protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D. McParland
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - T. Amber Butcher
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Noah J. Gurley
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Ruth I. Johnson
- Biology Department, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
| | - Kevin C. Slep
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Mark Peifer
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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3
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Zhang X, Wang S, Zhang J, Wang H. Memory induced-mechanism of noise attenuator of myosin V molecular motors. Biosystems 2024; 237:105139. [PMID: 38336223 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Depending on the chemical energy from ATP hydrolysis, myosin V can drive the multistep and continuous coupled cycling process to transport cellular cargo to targeted regions. However, it is still obscure how the molecular memory induced by the multistep coupled transported process could regulate the dynamic behavior of the motor state of myosin V. Here, we propose a novel non-Markovian polymorphic mechanochemical model to investigate the effect of the molecular memory on the mechanic of noise attenuation of myosin V system. We first define an effective transition rate for a multistep coupled reaction process which is the function of memory and system states to transform equivalently the non-Markovian process into the classical Markov process. By noise decomposition technology, it is observed that both the intrinsic and extrinsic noises of the ADP-myosin V bound state (AM ⋅ ADP) exhibit a monotonically decreasing trend with lengthening the molecular memory. Molecular memory as a regulation factor can amplify the contribution of intrinsic noise to the overall noise while reducing the influence of extrinsic noise on the AM ⋅ ADP. Moreover, the modulation of molecular memory could induce stochastic focusing. These results indicate that the role of molecular memory in the myosin V state transition can not only offer a handle to maintain the robustness of the motion system but also serve as a paradigm for studying more complex molecular motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China; Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Engineering Modeling and Statistical Computation of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sizhe Wang
- The School of Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China; School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China; Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Engineering Modeling and Statistical Computation of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haohua Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China; Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Engineering Modeling and Statistical Computation of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Sun M, Pylypenko O, Zhou Z, Xu M, Li Q, Houdusse A, van IJzendoorn SCD. Uncovering the Relationship Between Genes and Phenotypes Beyond the Gut in Microvillus Inclusion Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 17:983-1005. [PMID: 38307491 PMCID: PMC11041842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a rare condition that is present from birth and affects the digestive system. People with MVID experience severe diarrhea that is difficult to control, cannot absorb dietary nutrients, and struggle to grow and thrive. In addition, diverse clinical manifestations, some of which are life-threatening, have been reported in cases of MVID. MVID can be caused by variants in the MYO5B, STX3, STXBP2, or UNC45A gene. These genes produce proteins that have been functionally linked to each other in intestinal epithelial cells. MVID associated with STXBP2 variants presents in a subset of patients diagnosed with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 5. MVID associated with UNC45A variants presents in most patients diagnosed with osteo-oto-hepato-enteric syndrome. Furthermore, variants in MYO5B or STX3 can also cause other diseases that are characterized by phenotypes that can co-occur in subsets of patients diagnosed with MVID. Recent studies involving clinical data and experiments with cells and animals revealed connections between specific phenotypes occurring outside of the digestive system and the type of gene variants that cause MVID. Here, we have reviewed these patterns and correlations, which are expected to be valuable for healthcare professionals in managing the disease and providing personalized care for patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Center for Liver Digestive & Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Olena Pylypenko
- Dynamics of Intra-Cellular Organization, Institute Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Center for Liver Digestive & Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mingqian Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Center for Liver Digestive & Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Qinghong Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Center for Liver Digestive & Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, Institute Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Sven C D van IJzendoorn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Center for Liver Digestive & Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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5
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Jacobs KC, Gladfelter AS, Lew DJ. Targeted secretion: Myosin V delivers vesicles through formin condensates. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R1228-R1231. [PMID: 36347230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Secretory vesicles are often delivered to very specific targets, like pre-synaptic terminals or cell tips, to focus exocytosis. New work suggests that a biomolecular condensate focuses actin filaments that deliver incoming vesicles through the condensate to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Jacobs
- Department of Genetics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Amy S Gladfelter
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Daniel J Lew
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
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6
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Dooley SA, Engevik KA, Digrazia J, Stubler R, Kaji I, Krystofiak E, Engevik AC. Myosin 5b is required for proper localization of the intermicrovillar adhesion complex in the intestinal brush border. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G501-G510. [PMID: 36218265 PMCID: PMC9639760 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00212.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal enterocytes have an elaborate apical membrane of actin-rich protrusions known as microvilli. The organization of microvilli is orchestrated by the intermicrovillar adhesion complex (IMAC), which connects the distal tips of adjacent microvilli. The IMAC is composed of CDHR2 and CDHR5 as well as the scaffolding proteins USH1C, ANKS4B, and Myosin 7b (MYO7B). To create an IMAC, cells must transport the proteins to the apical membrane. Myosin 5b (MYO5B) is a molecular motor that traffics ion transporters to the apical membrane of enterocytes, and we hypothesized that MYO5B may also be responsible for the localization of IMAC proteins. To address this question, we used two different mouse models: 1) neonatal germline MYO5B knockout (MYO5B KO) mice and 2) adult intestinal-specific tamoxifen-inducible VillinCreERT2;MYO5Bflox/flox mice. In control mice, immunostaining revealed that CDHR2, CDHR5, USH1C, and MYO7B were highly enriched at the tips of the microvilli. In contrast, neonatal germline and adult MYO5B-deficient mice showed loss of apical CDHR2, CDHR5, and MYO7B in the brush border and accumulation in a subapical compartment. Colocalization analysis revealed decreased Mander's coefficients in adult inducible MYO5B-deficient mice compared with control mice for CDHR2, CDHR5, USH1C, and MYO7B. Scanning electron microscopy images further demonstrated aberrant microvilli packing in adult inducible MYO5B-deficient mouse small intestine. These data indicate that MYO5B is responsible for the delivery of IMAC components to the apical membrane.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The intestinal epithelium absorbs nutrients and water through an elaborate apical membrane of highly organized microvilli. Microvilli organization is regulated by the intermicrovillar adhesion complexes, which create links between neighboring microvilli and control microvilli packing and density. In this study, we report a new trafficking partner of the IMAC, Myosin 5b. Loss of Myosin 5b results in a disorganized brush border and failure of IMAC proteins to reach the distal tips of microvilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Dooley
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kristen A Engevik
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jessica Digrazia
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rachel Stubler
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Izumi Kaji
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Cell Imaging Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amy C Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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7
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Liu Y, Li L, Yu C, Zeng F, Niu F, Wei Z. Cargo Recognition Mechanisms of Yeast Myo2 Revealed by AlphaFold2-Powered Protein Complex Prediction. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081032. [PMID: 35892342 PMCID: PMC9330073 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myo2, a yeast class V myosin, transports a broad range of organelles and plays important roles in various cellular processes, including cell division in budding yeast. Despite the fact that several structures of Myo2/cargo adaptor complexes have been determined, the understanding of the versatile cargo-binding modes of Myo2 is still very limited, given the large number of cargo adaptors identified for Myo2. Here, we used ColabFold, an AlphaFold2-powered and easy-to-use tool, to predict the complex structures of Myo2-GTD and its several cargo adaptors. After benchmarking the prediction strategy with three Myo2/cargo adaptor complexes that have been determined previously, we successfully predicted the atomic structures of Myo2-GTD in complex with another three cargo adaptors, Vac17, Kar9 and Pea2, which were confirmed by our biochemical characterizations. By systematically comparing the interaction details of the six complexes of Myo2 and its cargo adaptors, we summarized the cargo-binding modes on the three conserved sites of Myo2-GTD, providing an overall picture of the versatile cargo-recognition mechanisms of Myo2. In addition, our study demonstrates an efficient and effective solution to study protein-protein interactions in the future via the AlphaFold2-powered prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- SUSTech-HIT Joint PhD Program, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China;
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.L.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.)
- Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lingxuan Li
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.L.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.)
- Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cong Yu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.L.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fuxing Zeng
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.L.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fengfeng Niu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.L.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.)
- Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (F.N.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.L.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.)
- Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (F.N.); (Z.W.)
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8
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Bowman DM, Kaji I, Goldenring JR. Altered MYO5B Function Underlies Microvillus Inclusion Disease: Opportunities for Intervention at a Cellular Level. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:553-565. [PMID: 35660026 PMCID: PMC9304615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a congenital diarrheal disorder resulting in life-threatening secretory diarrhea in newborns. Inactivating and nonsense mutations in myosin Vb (MYO5B) have been identified in MVID patients. Work using patient tissues, cell lines, mice, and pigs has led to critical insights into the pathology of MVID and a better understanding of both apical trafficking in intestinal enterocytes and intestinal stem cell differentiation. These studies have demonstrated that loss of MYO5B or inactivating mutations lead to loss of apical sodium and water transporters, without loss of apical CFTR, accounting for the major pathology of the disease. In addition, loss of MYO5B expression induces the formation of microvillus inclusions through apical bulk endocytosis that utilizes dynamin and PACSIN2 and recruits tight junction proteins to the sites of bulk endosome formation. Importantly, formation of microvillus inclusions is not required for the induction of diarrhea. Recent investigations have demonstrated that administration of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) can partially reestablish apical ion transporters in enterocytes of MYO5B KO mice. In addition, further studies have shown that MYO5B loss induces an imbalance in Wnt/Notch signaling pathways that can lead to alterations in enterocyte maturation and tuft cell lineage differentiation. Inhibition of Notch signaling leads to improvements in those cell differentiation deficits. These studies demonstrate that directed strategies through LPA receptor activation and Notch inhibition can bypass the inhibitory effects of MYO5B loss. Thus, effective strategies may be successful in MVID patients and other congenital diarrhea syndromes to reestablish proper apical membrane absorption of sodium and water in enterocytes and ameliorate life-threatening congenital diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M Bowman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Izumi Kaji
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - James R Goldenring
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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9
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Duclaux-Loras R, Lebreton C, Berthelet J, Charbit-Henrion F, Nicolle O, Revenu de Courtils C, Waich S, Valovka T, Khiat A, Rabant M, Racine C, Guerrera IC, Baptista J, Mahe MM, Hess MW, Durel B, Lefort N, Banal C, Parisot M, Talbotec C, Lacaille F, Ecochard-Dugelay E, Demir AM, Vogel GF, Faivre L, Rodrigues A, Fowler D, Janecke AR, Müller T, Huber LA, Rodrigues-Lima F, Ruemmele FM, Uhlig HH, Del Bene F, Michaux G, Cerf-Bensussan N, Parlato M. UNC45A deficiency causes microvillus inclusion disease-like phenotype by impairing myosin VB-dependent apical trafficking. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:154997. [PMID: 35575086 PMCID: PMC9106349 DOI: 10.1172/jci154997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in the UNC45A cochaperone have been recently associated with a syndrome combining diarrhea, cholestasis, deafness, and bone fragility. Yet the mechanism underlying intestinal failure in UNC45A deficiency remains unclear. Here, biallelic variants in UNC45A were identified by next-generation sequencing in 6 patients with congenital diarrhea. Corroborating in silico prediction, variants either abolished UNC45A expression or altered protein conformation. Myosin VB was identified by mass spectrometry as client of the UNC45A chaperone and was found misfolded in UNC45AKO Caco-2 cells. In keeping with impaired myosin VB function, UNC45AKO Caco-2 cells showed abnormal epithelial morphogenesis that was restored by full-length UNC45A, but not by mutant alleles. Patients and UNC45AKO 3D organoids displayed altered luminal development and microvillus inclusions, while 2D cultures revealed Rab11 and apical transporter mislocalization as well as sparse and disorganized microvilli. All those features resembled the subcellular abnormalities observed in duodenal biopsies from patients with microvillus inclusion disease. Finally, microvillus inclusions and shortened microvilli were evidenced in enterocytes from unc45a-deficient zebrafish. Taken together, our results provide evidence that UNC45A plays an essential role in epithelial morphogenesis through its cochaperone function of myosin VB and that UNC45A loss causes a variant of microvillus inclusion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Duclaux-Loras
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Lebreton
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
| | | | - Fabienne Charbit-Henrion
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Ophelie Nicolle
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR)–UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Revenu de Courtils
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Waich
- Universitätsklinik für Pädiatrie I and
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Taras Valovka
- Universitätsklinik für Pädiatrie I and
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anis Khiat
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Marion Rabant
- Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique–Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Racine
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Fédération Hospitalo–Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, and Equipe GAD, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM LNC UMR 1231, Dijon, France
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- Proteomics Platform 3P5-Necker, Université Paris Descartes-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Júlia Baptista
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Maxime M. Mahe
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Michael W. Hess
- Institut für Histologie und Embryologie Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Béatrice Durel
- Cell Imaging Platform, INSERM-US24-CNRS UMS 3633 Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Lefort
- iPS Core Facility, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Céline Banal
- iPS Core Facility, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Parisot
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut Imagine–Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163 et INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cite University, Paris, France
| | - Cecile Talbotec
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Florence Lacaille
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Arzu Meltem Demir
- Ankara Child Health and Diseases, Training and Research Hospital, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Georg F. Vogel
- Universitätsklinik für Pädiatrie I and
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique–Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Lukas A. Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Frank M. Ruemmele
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Holm H. Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo Del Bene
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Michaux
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR)–UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Nadine Cerf-Bensussan
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Marianna Parlato
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
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10
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Konietzny A, Grendel J, Kadek A, Bucher M, Han Y, Hertrich N, Dekkers DHW, Demmers JAA, Grünewald K, Uetrecht C, Mikhaylova M. Caldendrin and myosin V regulate synaptic spine apparatus localization via ER stabilization in dendritic spines. EMBO J 2022; 41:e106523. [PMID: 34935159 PMCID: PMC8844991 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitatory synapses of principal hippocampal neurons are frequently located on dendritic spines. The dynamic strengthening or weakening of individual inputs results in structural and molecular diversity of dendritic spines. Active spines with large calcium ion (Ca2+ ) transients are frequently invaded by a single protrusion from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is dynamically transported into spines via the actin-based motor myosin V. An increase in synaptic strength correlates with stable anchoring of the ER, followed by the formation of an organelle referred to as the spine apparatus. Here, we show that myosin V binds the Ca2+ sensor caldendrin, a brain-specific homolog of the well-known myosin V interactor calmodulin. While calmodulin is an essential activator of myosin V motor function, we found that caldendrin acts as an inhibitor of processive myosin V movement. In mouse and rat hippocampal neurons, caldendrin regulates spine apparatus localization to a subset of dendritic spines through a myosin V-dependent pathway. We propose that caldendrin transforms myosin into a stationary F-actin tether that enables the localization of ER tubules and formation of the spine apparatus in dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Konietzny
- RG OptobiologyInstitute of BiologyHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Guest Group Neuronal Protein TransportCenter for Molecular NeurobiologyZMNHUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Jasper Grendel
- RG OptobiologyInstitute of BiologyHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Guest Group Neuronal Protein TransportCenter for Molecular NeurobiologyZMNHUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Alan Kadek
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI)HamburgGermany
- European XFEL GmbHSchenefeldGermany
| | - Michael Bucher
- RG OptobiologyInstitute of BiologyHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Guest Group Neuronal Protein TransportCenter for Molecular NeurobiologyZMNHUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Yuhao Han
- RG OptobiologyInstitute of BiologyHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Guest Group Neuronal Protein TransportCenter for Molecular NeurobiologyZMNHUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
- Centre for Structural Systems BiologyHamburgGermany
| | - Nathalie Hertrich
- RG OptobiologyInstitute of BiologyHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Guest Group Neuronal Protein TransportCenter for Molecular NeurobiologyZMNHUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | | | | | - Kay Grünewald
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI)HamburgGermany
- Centre for Structural Systems BiologyHamburgGermany
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Charlotte Uetrecht
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI)HamburgGermany
- European XFEL GmbHSchenefeldGermany
- Centre for Structural Systems BiologyHamburgGermany
| | - Marina Mikhaylova
- RG OptobiologyInstitute of BiologyHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Guest Group Neuronal Protein TransportCenter for Molecular NeurobiologyZMNHUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
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11
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Holthenrich A, Terglane J, Naß J, Mietkowska M, Kerkhoff E, Gerke V. Spire1 and Myosin Vc promote Ca 2+-evoked externalization of von Willebrand factor in endothelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:96. [PMID: 35084586 PMCID: PMC8794916 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Weibel–Palade bodies (WPB) are endothelial cell-specific storage granules that regulate vascular hemostasis by releasing the platelet adhesion receptor von Willebrand factor (VWF) following stimulation. Fusion of WPB with the plasma membrane is accompanied by the formation of actin rings or coats that support the expulsion of large multimeric VWF fibers. However, factor(s) organizing these actin ring structures have remained elusive. We now identify the actin-binding proteins Spire1 and Myosin Vc (MyoVc) as cytosolic factors that associate with WPB and are involved in actin ring formation at WPB-plasma membrane fusion sites. We show that both, Spire1 and MyoVc localize only to mature WPB and that upon Ca2+ evoked exocytosis of WPB, Spire1 and MyoVc together with F-actin concentrate in ring-like structures at the fusion sites. Depletion of Spire1 or MyoVc reduces the number of these actin rings and decreases the amount of VWF externalized to the cell surface after histamine stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Holthenrich
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Julian Terglane
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Naß
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Magdalena Mietkowska
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eugen Kerkhoff
- Department of Neurology, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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12
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Wong S, Weisman LS. Let it go: mechanisms that detach myosin V from the yeast vacuole. Curr Genet 2021; 67:865-869. [PMID: 34110447 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A major question in cell biology is, how are organelles and macromolecular machines moved within a cell? The delivery of cargoes to the right place at the right time within a cell is critical to cellular health. Failure to do so is often catastrophic for animal physiology and results in diseases of the gut, brain, and skin. In budding yeast, a myosin V motor, Myo2, moves cellular materials from the mother cell into the growing daughter bud. Myo2-based transport ensures that cellular contents are shared during cell division. During transport, Myo2 is often linked to its cargo via cargo-specific adaptor proteins. This simple organism thus serves as a powerful tool to study how myosin V moves cargo, such as organelles. Some critical questions include how myosin V moves along the actin cytoskeleton, or how myosin V attaches to cargo in the mother. Other critical questions include how the cargo is released from myosin V when it reaches its final destination in the bud. Here, we review the mechanisms that regulate the vacuole-specific adaptor protein, Vac17, to ensure that Myo2 delivers the vacuole to the bud and releases it at the right place and the right time. Recent studies have revealed that Vac17 is regulated by ubiquitylation and phosphorylation events that coordinate its degradation and the detachment of the vacuole from Myo2. Thus, multiple post-translational modifications tightly coordinate cargo delivery with cellular events. It is tempting to speculate that similar mechanisms regulate other cargoes and molecular motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wong
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lois S Weisman
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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13
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Stephan L, Jakoby M, Das A, Koebke E, Hülskamp M. Unravelling the molecular basis of the dominant negative effect of myosin XI tails on P-bodies. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252327. [PMID: 34038472 PMCID: PMC8153422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The directional movement and positioning of organelles and macromolecules is essential for regulating and maintaining cellular functions in eukaryotic cells. In plants, these processes are actin-based and driven by class XI myosins, which transport various cargos in a directed manner. As the analysis of myosin function is challenging due to high levels of redundancy, dominant negative acting truncated myosins have frequently been used to study intracellular transport processes. A comparison of the dominant negative effect of the coiled-coil domains and the GTD domains revealed a much stronger inhibition of P-body movement by the GTD domains. In addition, we show that the GTD domain does not inhibit P-body movement when driven by a hybrid myosin in which the GTD domain was replaced by DCP2. These data suggest that the dominant negative effect of myosin tails involves a competition of the GTD domains for cargo binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Stephan
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Jakoby
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arijit Das
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology & Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Koebke
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hülskamp
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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14
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Abstract
A major question in cell biology is, how are organelles and large macromolecular complexes transported within a cell? Myosin V molecular motors play critical roles in the distribution of organelles, vesicles, and mRNA. Mis-localization of organelles that depend on myosin V motors underlie diseases in the skin, gut, and brain. Thus, the delivery of organelles to their proper destination is important for animal physiology and cellular function. Cargoes attach to myosin V motors via cargo specific adaptor proteins, which transiently bridge motors to their cargoes. Regulation of these adaptor proteins play key roles in the regulation of cargo transport. Emerging studies reveal that cargo adaptors play additional essential roles in the activation of myosin V, and the regulation of actin filaments. Here, we review how motor-adaptor interactions are controlled to regulate the proper loading and unloading of cargoes, as well as roles of adaptor proteins in the regulation of myosin V activity and the dynamics of actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wong
- Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Lois S Weisman
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.
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15
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Wang H, Mizuno K, Takahashi N, Kobayashi E, Shirakawa J, Terauchi Y, Kasai H, Okunishi K, Izumi T. Melanophilin Accelerates Insulin Granule Fusion without Predocking to the Plasma Membrane. Diabetes 2020; 69:2655-2666. [PMID: 32994278 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Direct observation of fluorescence-labeled secretory granule exocytosis in living pancreatic β-cells has revealed heterogeneous prefusion behaviors: some granules dwell beneath the plasma membrane before fusion, while others fuse immediately once they are recruited to the plasma membrane. Although the former mode seems to follow sequential docking-priming-fusion steps as found in synaptic vesicle exocytosis, the latter mode, which is unique to secretory granule exocytosis, has not been explored well. Here, we show that melanophilin, one of the effectors of the monomeric guanosine-5'-triphosphatase Rab27 on the granule membrane, is involved in such an accelerated mode of exocytosis. Melanophilin-mutated leaden mouse and melanophilin-downregulated human pancreatic β-cells both exhibit impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, with a specific reduction in fusion events that bypass stable docking to the plasma membrane. Upon stimulus-induced [Ca2+]i rise, melanophilin mediates this type of fusion by dissociating granules from myosin-Va and actin in the actin cortex and by associating them with a fusion-competent, open form of syntaxin-4 on the plasma membrane. These findings provide the hitherto unknown mechanism to support sustainable exocytosis by which granules are recruited from the cell interior and fuse promptly without stable predocking to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kouichi Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Noriko Takahashi
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eri Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Haruo Kasai
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Okunishi
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Izumi
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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16
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Renshaw H, Juvvadi PR, Cole DC, Steinbach WJ. The class V myosin interactome of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus reveals novel interactions with COPII vesicle transport proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:232-237. [PMID: 32446373 PMCID: PMC7248123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus causes life-threatening invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised individuals. Adaptation to the host environment is integral to survival of A. fumigatus and requires the coordination of short- and long-distance vesicular transport to move essential components throughout the fungus. We previously reported the importance of MyoE, the only class V myosin, for hyphal growth and virulence of A. fumigatus. Class V myosins are actin-based, cargo-carrying motor proteins that contain unique binding sites for specific cargo. Specific cargo carried by myosin V has not been identified in any fungus, and previous studies have only identified single components that interact with class V myosins. Here we utilized a mass spectrometry-based whole proteomic approach to identify MyoE interacting proteins in A. fumigatus for the first time. Several proteins previously shown to interact with myosin V through physical and genetic approaches were confirmed, validating our proteomic analysis. Importantly, we identified novel MyoE-interacting proteins, including members of the cytoskeleton network, cell wall synthesis, calcium signaling and a group of coat protein complex II (COPII) proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi transport. Furthermore, we analyzed the localization patterns of the COPII proteins, UsoA (Uso1), SrgE (Sec31), and SrgF (Sec23), which suggested a potential role for MyoE in ER to Golgi trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Renshaw
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Praveen R Juvvadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - D Christopher Cole
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - William J Steinbach
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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17
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Aguilar-Aragon M, Fletcher G, Thompson BJ. The cytoskeletal motor proteins Dynein and MyoV direct apical transport of Crumbs. Dev Biol 2020; 459:126-137. [PMID: 31881198 PMCID: PMC7090908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Crumbs (Crb in Drosophila; CRB1-3 in mammals) is a transmembrane determinant of epithelial cell polarity and a regulator of Hippo signalling. Crb is normally localized to apical cell-cell contacts, just above adherens junctions, but how apical trafficking of Crb is regulated in epithelial cells remains unclear. We use the Drosophila follicular epithelium to demonstrate that polarized trafficking of Crb is mediated by transport along microtubules by the motor protein Dynein and along actin filaments by the motor protein Myosin-V (MyoV). Blocking transport of Crb-containing vesicles by Dynein or MyoV leads to accumulation of Crb within Rab11 endosomes, rather than apical delivery. The final steps of Crb delivery and stabilisation at the plasma membrane requires the exocyst complex and three apical FERM domain proteins - Merlin, Moesin and Expanded - whose simultaneous loss disrupts apical localization of Crb. Accordingly, a knock-in deletion of the Crb FERM-binding motif (FBM) also impairs apical localization. Finally, overexpression of Crb challenges this system, creating a sensitized background to identify components involved in cytoskeletal polarization, apical membrane trafficking and stabilisation of Crb at the apical domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguilar-Aragon
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, NW1 1AT, London, United Kingdom
| | - G Fletcher
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, NW1 1AT, London, United Kingdom
| | - B J Thompson
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, NW1 1AT, London, United Kingdom; The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Rd, Acton, ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia.
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18
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Lattner J, Leng W, Knust E, Brankatschk M, Flores-Benitez D. Crumbs organizes the transport machinery by regulating apical levels of PI(4,5)P 2 in Drosophila. eLife 2019; 8:e50900. [PMID: 31697234 PMCID: PMC6881148 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient vectorial intracellular transport machinery depends on a well-established apico-basal polarity and is a prerequisite for the function of secretory epithelia. Despite extensive knowledge on individual trafficking pathways, little is known about the mechanisms coordinating their temporal and spatial regulation. Here, we report that the polarity protein Crumbs is essential for apical plasma membrane phospholipid-homeostasis and efficient apical secretion. Through recruiting βHeavy-Spectrin and MyosinV to the apical membrane, Crumbs maintains the Rab6-, Rab11- and Rab30-dependent trafficking and regulates the lipid phosphatases Pten and Ocrl. Crumbs knock-down results in increased apical levels of PI(4,5)P2 and formation of a novel, Moesin- and PI(4,5)P2-enriched apical membrane sac containing microvilli-like structures. Our results identify Crumbs as an essential hub required to maintain the organization of the apical membrane and the physiological activity of the larval salivary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Lattner
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG)DresdenGermany
| | - Weihua Leng
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG)DresdenGermany
| | - Elisabeth Knust
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG)DresdenGermany
| | - Marko Brankatschk
- The Biotechnological Center of the TU Dresden (BIOTEC)DresdenGermany
| | - David Flores-Benitez
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG)DresdenGermany
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19
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Leng C, Overeem AW, Cartón-Garcia F, Li Q, Klappe K, Kuipers J, Cui Y, Zuhorn IS, Arango D, van IJzendoorn SCD. Loss of MYO5B expression deregulates late endosome size which hinders mitotic spindle orientation. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000531. [PMID: 31682603 PMCID: PMC6855566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recycling endosomes regulate plasma membrane recycling. Recently, recycling endosome–associated proteins have been implicated in the positioning and orientation of the mitotic spindle and cytokinesis. Loss of MYO5B, encoding the recycling endosome–associated myosin Vb, is associated with tumor development and tissue architecture defects in the gastrointestinal tract. Whether loss of MYO5B expression affects mitosis is not known. Here, we demonstrate that loss of MYO5B expression delayed cytokinesis, perturbed mitotic spindle orientation, led to the misorientation of the plane of cell division during the course of mitosis, and resulted in the delamination of epithelial cells. Remarkably, the effects on spindle orientation, but not cytokinesis, were a direct consequence of physical hindrance by giant late endosomes, which were formed in a chloride channel–sensitive manner concomitant with a redistribution of chloride channels from the cell periphery to late endosomes upon loss of MYO5B. Rab7 availability was identified as a limiting factor for the development of giant late endosomes. In accordance, increasing rab7 availability corrected mitotic spindle misorientation and cell delamination in cells lacking MYO5B expression. In conclusion, we identified a novel role for MYO5B in the regulation of late endosome size control and identify the inability to control late endosome size as an unexpected novel mechanism underlying defects in cell division orientation and epithelial architecture. Loss of the recycling endosome-associated motor protein myosin Vb causes the formation of giant late endo-lysosomes; these in turn hinder the orientation of the mitotic spindle and chromosome segregation. Deregulated endosome size thus hampers faithful cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsen Leng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arend W. Overeem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Cartón-Garcia
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Qinghong Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Klappe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kuipers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yingying Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Inge S. Zuhorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Diego Arango
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sven C. D. van IJzendoorn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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20
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Lv J, Fu Y, Gao R, Li J, Kang M, Song G, Yun C. Diazepam enhances melanogenesis, melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transport via the PBR/cAMP/PKA pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 116:105620. [PMID: 31561018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diazepam is a medicament of the benzodiazepine family and it typically produces a sedative effect. Researchers have revealed that diazepam can induce melanogenesis and produce dendrite-like structures in B16 melanoma cells. However, the associated mechanisms of melanogenesis and phenotypic alterations have mostly remained unknown. In this study, we determined the effects of diazepam on melanogenesis, cellular phenotypic alterations, the location of melanosomes and the expression of relevant proteins in melanocytes using Masson-Fontana ammoniacal silver staining, scanning electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis. Our results collectively indicated that diazepam had a pivotal role in melanocytes by enhancing melanin synthesis, melanocyte dendricity, melanosome trafficking, and capture at the dendrite tips. These functions might be attributed to the fact that diazepam activated the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR). This increased intracellular levels of cAMP, which stimulated the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding (CREB). As a result, this increased the tyrosinase, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), Rab27a, Myosin Va, Rab17 and Cdc42 expression. This caused melanogenesis and melanosome transport. Therefore, our findings may provide a potential strategy for treating anti-hypopigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213000, China; Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200000, China; Yabang Medical Research Institute, Changzhou 213000, China.
| | - Ying Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Rongyin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The first people's Hospital of Changzhou, The third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Maofan Kang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Guoqiang Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Changjun Yun
- Changzhou Wujin People's Hospital, Changzhou 213000, China
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21
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Abstract
High-speed atomic force microscopy allows for directly observing biological molecules in dynamic action at submolecular and sub-100 ms spatiotemporal resolution, without disturbing their function. This microscopy has recently been applied to various proteins with great success. Here, we describe methods to image myosin V molecules walking on actin filaments with high-speed atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Kodera
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshio Ando
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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22
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Maschi D, Gramlich MW, Klyachko VA. Myosin V functions as a vesicle tether at the plasma membrane to control neurotransmitter release in central synapses. eLife 2018; 7:e39440. [PMID: 30320552 PMCID: PMC6209431 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic vesicle fusion occurs at specialized release sites at the active zone. How refilling of release sites with new vesicles is regulated in central synapses remains poorly understood. Using nanoscale-resolution detection of individual release events in rat hippocampal synapses we found that inhibition of myosin V, the predominant vesicle-associated motor, strongly reduced refilling of the release sites during repetitive stimulation. Single-vesicle tracking revealed that recycling vesicles continuously shuttle between a plasma membrane pool and an inner pool. Vesicle retention at the membrane pool was regulated by neural activity in a myosin V dependent manner. Ultrastructural measurements of vesicle occupancy at the plasma membrane together with analyses of single-vesicle trajectories during vesicle shuttling between the pools suggest that myosin V acts as a vesicle tether at the plasma membrane, rather than a motor transporting vesicles to the release sites, or directly regulating vesicle exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Maschi
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyWashington UniversityMissouriUnited States
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington UniversityMissouriUnited States
| | - Michael W Gramlich
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyWashington UniversityMissouriUnited States
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington UniversityMissouriUnited States
| | - Vitaly A Klyachko
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyWashington UniversityMissouriUnited States
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington UniversityMissouriUnited States
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23
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Barua B, Sckolnick M, White HD, Trybus KM, Hitchcock-DeGregori SE. Distinct sites in tropomyosin specify shared and isoform-specific regulation of myosins II and V. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 75:150-163. [PMID: 29500902 PMCID: PMC5899941 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle contraction, cytokinesis, cellular movement, and intracellular transport depend on regulated actin-myosin interaction. Most actin filaments bind one or more isoform of tropomyosin, a coiled-coil protein that stabilizes the filaments and regulates interactions with other actin-binding proteins, including myosin. Isoform-specific allosteric regulation of muscle myosin II by actin-tropomyosin is well-established while that of processive myosins, such as myosin V, which transport organelles and macromolecules in the cell periphery, is less certain. Is the regulation by tropomyosin a universal mechanism, the consequence of the conserved periodic structures of tropomyosin, or is it the result of specialized interactions between particular isoforms of myosin and tropomyosin? Here, we show that striated muscle tropomyosin, Tpm1.1, inhibits fast skeletal muscle myosin II but not myosin Va. The non-muscle tropomyosin, Tpm3.1, in contrast, activates both myosins. To decipher the molecular basis of these opposing regulatory effects, we introduced mutations at conserved surface residues within the six periodic repeats (periods) of Tpm3.1, in positions homologous or analogous to those important for regulation of skeletal muscle myosin by Tpm1.1. We identified conserved residues in the internal periods of both tropomyosin isoforms that are important for the function of myosin Va and striated myosin II. Conserved residues in the internal and C-terminal periods that correspond to Tpm3.1-specific exons inhibit myosin Va but not myosin II function. These results suggest that tropomyosins may directly impact myosin function through both general and isoform-specific mechanisms that identify actin tracks for the recruitment and function of particular myosins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasha Barua
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Maria Sckolnick
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Howard D. White
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507
| | - Kathleen M. Trybus
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Sarah E. Hitchcock-DeGregori
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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24
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Abstract
Class V myosin (myosin-5) is a molecular motor that functions as an organelle transporter. The activation of myosin-5's motor function has long been known to be associated with a transition from the folded conformation in the off-state to the extended conformation in the on-state, but only recently have we begun to understand the underlying mechanism. The globular tail domain (GTD) of myosin-5 has been identified as the inhibitory domain and has recently been shown to function as a dimer in regulating the motor function. The folded off-state of myosin-5 is stabilized by multiple intramolecular interactions, including head-GTD interactions, GTD-GTD interactions, and interactions between the GTD and the C-terminus of the first coiled-coil segment. Any cellular factor that affects these intramolecular interactions and thus the stability of the folded conformation of myosin-5 would be expected to regulate myosin-5 motor function. Both the adaptor proteins of myosin-5 and Ca2+ are potential regulators of myosin-5 motor function, because they can destabilize its folded conformation. A combination of these regulators provides a versatile scheme in regulating myosin-5 motor function in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lin-Lin Yao
- Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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25
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Gramlich MW, Klyachko VA. Actin/Myosin-V- and Activity-Dependent Inter-synaptic Vesicle Exchange in Central Neurons. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2096-2104. [PMID: 28249156 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicle sharing between synaptic boutons is an important component of the recycling process that synapses employ to maintain vesicle pools. However, the mechanisms supporting and regulating vesicle transport during the inter-synaptic exchange remain poorly understood. Using nanometer-resolution tracking of individual synaptic vesicles and advanced computational algorithms, we find that long-distance axonal transport of synaptic vesicles between hippocampal boutons is partially mediated by the actin network, with myosin V as the primary actin-dependent motor that drives this vesicle transport. Furthermore, we find that vesicle exit from the synapse to the axon and long-distance vesicle transport are both rapidly and dynamically regulated by activity. We corroborated these findings with two complementary modeling approaches of vesicle exit, which closely reproduced experimental observations. These findings uncover the roles of actin and myosin V in supporting the inter-synaptic vesicle exchange and reveal that this process is dynamically modulated in an activity-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Gramlich
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vitaly A Klyachko
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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26
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Ali MY, Vilfan A, Trybus KM, Warshaw DM. Cargo Transport by Two Coupled Myosin Va Motors on Actin Filaments and Bundles. Biophys J 2017; 111:2228-2240. [PMID: 27851945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin Va (myoVa) is a processive, actin-based molecular motor essential for intracellular cargo transport. When a cargo is transported by an ensemble of myoVa motors, each motor faces significant physical barriers and directional challenges created by the complex actin cytoskeleton, a network of actin filaments and actin bundles. The principles that govern the interaction of multiple motors attached to the same cargo are still poorly understood. To understand the mechanical interactions between multiple motors, we developed a simple in vitro model in which two individual myoVa motors labeled with different-colored Qdots are linked via a third Qdot that acts as a cargo. The velocity of this two-motor complex was reduced by 27% as compared to a single motor, whereas run length was increased by only 37%, much less than expected from multimotor transport models. Therefore, at low ATP, which allowed us to identify individual motor steps, we investigated the intermotor dynamics within the two-motor complex. The randomness of stepping leads to a buildup of tension in the linkage between motors-which in turn slows down the leading motor-and increases the frequency of backward steps and the detachment rate. We establish a direct relationship between the velocity reduction and the distribution of intermotor distances. The analysis of run lengths and dwell times for the two-motor complex, which has only one motor engaged with the actin track, reveals that half of the runs are terminated by almost simultaneous detachment of both motors. This finding challenges the assumptions of conventional multimotor models based on consecutive motor detachment. Similar, but even more drastic, results were observed with two-motor complexes on actin bundles, which showed a run length that was even shorter than that of a single motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yusuf Ali
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
| | | | - Kathleen M Trybus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - David M Warshaw
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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27
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Qiu Y, Gong J, Feng J, Wang R, Han J, Liu T, Lu Y, Li L, Zhang M, Sheps JA, Wang N, Yan Y, Li J, Chen L, Borchers CH, Sipos B, Knisely A, Ling V, Xing Q, Wang J. Defects in myosin VB are associated with a spectrum of previously undiagnosed low γ-glutamyltransferase cholestasis. Hepatology 2017; 65:1655-1669. [PMID: 28027573 PMCID: PMC5413810 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary cholestasis in childhood and infancy with normal serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity is linked to several genes. Many patients, however, remain genetically undiagnosed. Defects in myosin VB (MYO5B; encoded by MYO5B) cause microvillus inclusion disease (MVID; MIM251850) with recurrent watery diarrhea. Cholestasis, reported as an atypical presentation in MVID, has been considered a side effect of parenteral alimentation. Here, however, we report on 10 patients who experienced cholestasis associated with biallelic, or suspected biallelic, mutations in MYO5B and who had neither recurrent diarrhea nor received parenteral alimentation. Seven of them are from two study cohorts, together comprising 31 undiagnosed low-GGT cholestasis patients; 3 are sporadic. Cholestasis in 2 patients was progressive, in 3 recurrent, in 2 transient, and in 3 uncategorized because of insufficient follow-up. Liver biopsy specimens revealed giant-cell change of hepatocytes and intralobular cholestasis with abnormal distribution of bile salt export pump (BSEP) at canaliculi, as well as coarse granular dislocation of MYO5B. Mass spectrometry of plasma demonstrated increased total bile acids, primary bile acids, and conjugated bile acids, with decreased free bile acids, similar to changes in BSEP-deficient patients. Literature review revealed that patients with biallelic mutations predicted to eliminate MYO5B expression were more frequent in typical MVID than in isolated-cholestasis patients (11 of 38 vs. 0 of 13). CONCLUSION MYO5B deficiency may underlie 20% of previously undiagnosed low-GGT cholestasis. MYO5B deficiency appears to impair targeting of BSEP to the canalicular membrane with hampered bile acid excretion, resulting in a spectrum of cholestasis without diarrhea. (Hepatology 2017;65:1655-1669).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Ling Qiu
- The Center for Pediatric Liver DiseasesChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jing‐Yu Gong
- Department of PediatricsJinshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jia‐Yan Feng
- Department of PathologyChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | | | - Jun Han
- University of Victoria−Genome BC Proteomics CentreUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Teng Liu
- Department of PediatricsJinshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yi Lu
- The Center for Pediatric Liver DiseasesChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Li‐Ting Li
- The Center for Pediatric Liver DiseasesChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Mei‐Hong Zhang
- Department of PediatricsJinshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | | | - Neng‐Li Wang
- Department of PediatricsJinshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yan‐Yan Yan
- Department of PediatricsJinshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jia‐Qi Li
- Department of PediatricsJinshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lian Chen
- Department of PathologyChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Christoph H. Borchers
- University of Victoria−Genome BC Proteomics CentreUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Bence Sipos
- Institute of General Pathology and NeuropathologyTübingen University HospitalTübingenGermany
| | - A.S. Knisely
- Institute of PathologyGraz Medical UniversityGrazAustria
| | - Victor Ling
- BC Cancer AgencyVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Qing‐He Xing
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jian‐She Wang
- Department of PediatricsJinshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Infectious DiseasesChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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28
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Dudin O, Merlini L, Bendezú FO, Groux R, Vincenzetti V, Martin SG. A systematic screen for morphological abnormalities during fission yeast sexual reproduction identifies a mechanism of actin aster formation for cell fusion. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006721. [PMID: 28410370 PMCID: PMC5409535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In non-motile fungi, sexual reproduction relies on strong morphogenetic changes in response to pheromone signaling. We report here on a systematic screen for morphological abnormalities of the mating process in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We derived a homothallic (self-fertile) collection of viable deletions, which, upon visual screening, revealed a plethora of phenotypes affecting all stages of the mating process, including cell polarization, cell fusion and sporulation. Cell fusion relies on the formation of the fusion focus, an aster-like F-actin structure that is marked by strong local accumulation of the myosin V Myo52, which concentrates secretion at the fusion site. A secondary screen for fusion-defective mutants identified the myosin V Myo51-associated coiled-coil proteins Rng8 and Rng9 as critical for the coalescence of the fusion focus. Indeed, rng8Δ and rng9Δ mutant cells exhibit multiple stable dots at the cell-cell contact site, instead of the single focus observed in wildtype. Rng8 and Rng9 accumulate on the fusion focus, dependent on Myo51 and tropomyosin Cdc8. A tropomyosin mutant allele, which compromises Rng8/9 localization but not actin binding, similarly leads to multiple stable dots instead of a single focus. By contrast, myo51 deletion does not strongly affect fusion focus coalescence. We propose that focusing of the actin filaments in the fusion aster primarily relies on Rng8/9-dependent cross-linking of tropomyosin-actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omaya Dudin
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Merlini
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felipe O. Bendezú
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël Groux
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Vincenzetti
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie G. Martin
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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29
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Yeh I, Tee MK, Botton T, Shain AH, Sparatta AJ, Gagnon A, Vemula SS, Garrido MC, Nakamaru K, Isoyama T, McCalmont TH, LeBoit PE, Bastian BC. NTRK3 kinase fusions in Spitz tumours. J Pathol 2016; 240:282-290. [PMID: 27477320 PMCID: PMC5071153 DOI: 10.1002/path.4775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic fusions in TRK family receptor tyrosine kinases have been identified in several cancers and can serve as therapeutic targets. We identified ETV6-NTRK3, MYO5A-NTRK3 and MYH9-NTRK3 fusions in Spitz tumours, and demonstrated that NTRK3 fusions constitutively activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and phospholipase Cγ1 pathways in melanocytes. This signalling was inhibited by DS-6051a, a small-molecule inhibitor of NTRK1/2/3 and ROS1. NTRK3 fusions expand the range of oncogenic kinase fusions in melanocytic neoplasms and offer targets for a small subset of melanomas for which no targeted options currently exist. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwei Yeh
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Meng Kian Tee
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Botton
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Hunter Shain
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa J Sparatta
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Gagnon
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Swapna S Vemula
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria C Garrido
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenji Nakamaru
- Translational Research and Clinical Pharmacology, Daiichi Sankyo, Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Isoyama
- Oncology Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo, Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Timothy H McCalmont
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philip E LeBoit
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Boris C Bastian
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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30
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Stone R, Hayashi T, Bajimaya S, Hodges E, Takimoto T. Critical role of Rab11a-mediated recycling endosomes in the assembly of type I parainfluenza viruses. Virology 2015; 487:11-8. [PMID: 26484934 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Paramyxoviruses replicate in the cytoplasm of infected cells and newly synthesized viral nucleocapsids (vRNPs) are transported to the plasma membrane to be incorporated into progeny virions. In this study, we analyzed the impact of the Rab11-mediated recycling pathway in Sendai virus (SeV) and human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV1) vRNP transport. We found that suppression of Rab11 expression caused vRNP aggregation in the cytoplasm and reduced progeny virion formation. Overexpression of constitutively active Rab11Q70L, but not dominant negative Rab11S25N co-localized with vRNP, showing that vRNP specifically recognizes the GTP-bound active form of Rab11. Moreover, Rab11Q70L co-localized with the dominant negative tails of all three subtypes of myosins, Va, Vb, and Vc, while SeV and hPIV1 vRNPs co-localized with only myosin Vb and Vc. These results highlight the critical role of Rab11 in vRNP trafficking, and suggest a specificity in the recycling endosomes parainfluenza viruses utilize for virus assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raychel Stone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 672 Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Hayashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 672 Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Shringkhala Bajimaya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 672 Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Erin Hodges
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 672 Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Toru Takimoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 672 Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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31
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Noguchi TQP, Morimatsu M, Iwane AH, Yanagida T, Uyeda TQP. The role of structural dynamics of actin in class-specific myosin motility. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126262. [PMID: 25945499 PMCID: PMC4422724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural dynamics of actin, including the tilting motion between the small and large domains, are essential for proper interactions with actin-binding proteins. Gly146 is situated at the hinge between the two domains, and we previously showed that a G146V mutation leads to severe motility defects in skeletal myosin but has no effect on motility of myosin V. The present study tested the hypothesis that G146V mutation impaired rotation between the two domains, leading to such functional defects. First, our study showed that depolymerization of G146V filaments was slower than that of wild-type filaments. This result is consistent with the distinction of structural states of G146V filaments from those of the wild type, considering the recent report that stabilization of actin filaments involves rotation of the two domains. Next, we measured intramolecular FRET efficiencies between two fluorophores in the two domains with or without skeletal muscle heavy meromyosin or the heavy meromyosin equivalent of myosin V in the presence of ATP. Single-molecule FRET measurements showed that the conformations of actin subunits of control and G146V actin filaments were different in the presence of skeletal muscle heavy meromyosin. This altered conformation of G146V subunits may lead to motility defects in myosin II. In contrast, distributions of FRET efficiencies of control and G146V subunits were similar in the presence of myosin V, consistent with the lack of motility defects in G146V actin with myosin V. The distribution of FRET efficiencies in the presence of myosin V was different from that in the presence of skeletal muscle heavy meromyosin, implying that the roles of actin conformation in myosin motility depend on the type of myosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Q. P. Noguchi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Miyakonojo College, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masatoshi Morimatsu
- Nanobiology Laboratories, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuko H. Iwane
- Nanobiology Laboratories, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Yanagida
- Nanobiology Laboratories, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taro Q. P. Uyeda
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Kohler F, Rohrbach A. Synchronization of elastically coupled processive molecular motors and regulation of cargo transport. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 91:012701. [PMID: 25679637 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.012701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The collective work of motor proteins plays an important role in cellular transport processes. Since measuring intermotor coupling and hence a comparison to theoretical predictions is difficult, we introduce the synchronization as an alternative observable for motor cooperativity. This synchronization can be determined from the ratio of the mean times of motor resting and stepping. Results from a multistate Markov chain model and Brownian dynamics simulations, describing the elastically coupled motors, coincide well. Our model can explain the experimentally observed effect of strongly increased transport velocities and powers by the synchronization and coupling of myosin V and kinesin I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kohler
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Photonics, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Germany and Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (bioss), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Rohrbach
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Photonics, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Germany and Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (bioss), University of Freiburg, Germany
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Song J, Yang Q, Yang J, Larsson L, Hao X, Zhu X, Malmgren-Hill S, Cvijovic M, Fernandez-Rodriguez J, Grantham J, Gustafsson CM, Liu B, Nyström T. Essential genetic interactors of SIR2 required for spatial sequestration and asymmetrical inheritance of protein aggregates. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004539. [PMID: 25079602 PMCID: PMC4117435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sir2 is a central regulator of yeast aging and its deficiency increases daughter cell inheritance of stress- and aging-induced misfolded proteins deposited in aggregates and inclusion bodies. Here, by quantifying traits predicted to affect aggregate inheritance in a passive manner, we found that a passive diffusion model cannot explain Sir2-dependent failures in mother-biased segregation of either the small aggregates formed by the misfolded Huntingtin, Htt103Q, disease protein or heat-induced Hsp104-associated aggregates. Instead, we found that the genetic interaction network of SIR2 comprises specific essential genes required for mother-biased segregation including those encoding components of the actin cytoskeleton, the actin-associated myosin V motor protein Myo2, and the actin organization protein calmodulin, Cmd1. Co-staining with Hsp104-GFP demonstrated that misfolded Htt103Q is sequestered into small aggregates, akin to stress foci formed upon heat stress, that fail to coalesce into inclusion bodies. Importantly, these Htt103Q foci, as well as the ATPase-defective Hsp104Y662A-associated structures previously shown to be stable stress foci, co-localized with Cmd1 and Myo2-enriched structures and super-resolution 3-D microscopy demonstrated that they are associated with actin cables. Moreover, we found that Hsp42 is required for formation of heat-induced Hsp104Y662A foci but not Htt103Q foci suggesting that the routes employed for foci formation are not identical. In addition to genes involved in actin-dependent processes, SIR2-interactors required for asymmetrical inheritance of Htt103Q and heat-induced aggregates encode essential sec genes involved in ER-to-Golgi trafficking/ER homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Junsheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Larsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Xinxin Hao
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sandra Malmgren-Hill
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Marija Cvijovic
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Julie Grantham
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Claes M. Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Beidong Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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Evans RD, Robinson C, Briggs DA, Tooth DJ, Ramalho JS, Cantero M, Montoliu L, Patel S, Sviderskaya EV, Hume AN. Myosin-Va and dynamic actin oppose microtubules to drive long-range organelle transport. Curr Biol 2014; 24:1743-50. [PMID: 25065759 PMCID: PMC4131108 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In animal cells, microtubule and actin tracks and their associated motors (dynein, kinesin, and myosin) are thought to regulate long- and short-range transport, respectively. Consistent with this, microtubules extend from the perinuclear centrosome to the plasma membrane and allow bidirectional cargo transport over long distances (>1 μm). In contrast, actin often comprises a complex network of short randomly oriented filaments, suggesting that myosin motors move cargo short distances. These observations underpin the "highways and local roads" model for transport along microtubule and actin tracks. The "cooperative capture" model exemplifies this view and suggests that melanosome distribution in melanocyte dendrites is maintained by long-range transport on microtubules followed by actin/myosin-Va-dependent tethering. In this study, we used cell normalization technology to quantitatively examine the contribution of microtubules and actin/myosin-Va to organelle distribution in melanocytes. Surprisingly, our results indicate that microtubules are essential for centripetal, but not centrifugal, transport. Instead, we find that microtubules retard a centrifugal transport process that is dependent on myosin-Va and a population of dynamic F-actin. Functional analysis of mutant proteins indicates that myosin-Va works as a transporter dispersing melanosomes along actin tracks whose +/barbed ends are oriented toward the plasma membrane. Overall, our data highlight the role of myosin-Va and actin in transport, and not tethering, and suggest a new model in which organelle distribution is determined by the balance between microtubule-dependent centripetal and myosin-Va/actin-dependent centrifugal transport. These observations appear to be consistent with evidence coming from other systems showing that actin/myosin networks can drive long-distance organelle transport and positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Evans
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | - Deborah A Briggs
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - David J Tooth
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Jose S Ramalho
- CEDOC Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Cantero
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain; CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Lluis Montoliu
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain; CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Shyamal Patel
- Cell Signalling Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Elena V Sviderskaya
- Cell Signalling Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Alistair N Hume
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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Knowles BC, Roland JT, Krishnan M, Tyska MJ, Lapierre LA, Dickman PS, Goldenring JR, Shub MD. Myosin Vb uncoupling from RAB8A and RAB11A elicits microvillus inclusion disease. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2947-62. [PMID: 24892806 DOI: 10.1172/jci71651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a severe form of congenital diarrhea that arises from inactivating mutations in the gene encoding myosin Vb (MYO5B). We have examined the association of mutations in MYO5B and disruption of microvillar assembly and polarity in enterocytes. Stable MYO5B knockdown (MYO5B-KD) in CaCo2-BBE cells elicited loss of microvilli, alterations in junctional claudins, and disruption of apical and basolateral trafficking; however, no microvillus inclusions were observed in MYO5B-KD cells. Expression of WT MYO5B in MYO5B-KD cells restored microvilli; however, expression of MYO5B-P660L, a MVID-associated mutation found within Navajo populations, did not rescue the MYO5B-KD phenotype but induced formation of microvillus inclusions. Microvilli establishment required interaction between RAB8A and MYO5B, while loss of the interaction between RAB11A and MYO5B induced microvillus inclusions. Using surface biotinylation and dual immunofluorescence staining in MYO5B-KD cells expressing mutant forms of MYO5B, we observed that early microvillus inclusions were positive for the sorting marker SNX18 and derived from apical membrane internalization. In patients with MVID, MYO5B-P660L results in global changes in polarity at the villus tips that could account for deficits in apical absorption, loss of microvilli, aberrant junctions, and losses in transcellular ion transport pathways, likely leading to the MVID clinical phenotype of neonatal secretory diarrhea.
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Baumgärtner S, Tolić IM. Astral microtubule pivoting promotes their search for cortical anchor sites during mitosis in budding yeast. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93781. [PMID: 24721997 PMCID: PMC3983083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Positioning of the mitotic spindle is crucial for proper cell division. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two mechanisms contribute to spindle positioning. In the Kar9 pathway, astral microtubules emanating from the daughter-bound spindle pole body interact via the linker protein Kar9 with the myosin Myo2, which moves the microtubule along the actin cables towards the neck. In the dynein pathway, astral microtubules off-load dynein onto the cortical anchor protein Num1, which is followed by dynein pulling on the spindle. Yet, the mechanism by which microtubules target cortical anchor sites is unknown. Here we quantify the pivoting motion of astral microtubules around the spindle pole bodies, which occurs during spindle translocation towards the neck and through the neck. We show that this pivoting is largely driven by the Kar9 pathway. The microtubules emanating from the daughter-bound spindle pole body pivot faster than those at the mother-bound spindle pole body. The Kar9 pathway reduces the time needed for an astral microtubule inside the daughter cell to start pulling on the spindle. Thus, we propose a new role for microtubule pivoting: By pivoting around the spindle pole body, microtubules explore the space laterally, which helps them search for cortical anchor sites in the context of spindle positioning in budding yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Baumgärtner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Iva M. Tolić
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- * E-mail:
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37
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Homolya L, Fu D, Sengupta P, Jarnik M, Gillet JP, Vitale-Cross L, Gutkind JS, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Arias IM. LKB1/AMPK and PKA control ABCB11 trafficking and polarization in hepatocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91921. [PMID: 24643070 PMCID: PMC3958433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarization of hepatocytes is manifested by bile canalicular network formation and activation of LKB1 and AMPK, which control cellular energy metabolism. The bile acid, taurocholate, also regulates development of the canalicular network through activation of AMPK. In the present study, we used collagen sandwich hepatocyte cultures from control and liver-specific LKB1 knockout mice to examine the role of LKB1 in trafficking of ABCB11, the canalicular bile acid transporter. In polarized hepatocytes, ABCB11 traffics from Golgi to the apical plasma membrane and endogenously cycles through the rab 11a-myosin Vb recycling endosomal system. LKB1 knockout mice were jaundiced, lost weight and manifested impaired bile canalicular formation and intracellular trafficking of ABCB11, and died within three weeks. Using live cell imaging, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), particle tracking, and biochemistry, we found that LKB1 activity is required for microtubule-dependent trafficking of ABCB11 to the canalicular membrane. In control hepatocytes, ABCB11 trafficking was accelerated by taurocholate and cAMP; however, in LKB1 knockout hepatocytes, ABCB11 trafficking to the apical membrane was greatly reduced and restored only by cAMP, but not taurocholate. cAMP acted through a PKA-mediated pathway which did not activate AMPK. Our studies establish a regulatory role for LKB1 in ABCB11 trafficking to the canalicular membrane, hepatocyte polarization, and canalicular network formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Homolya
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Dong Fu
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Prabuddha Sengupta
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michal Jarnik
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jean-Pierre Gillet
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, Molecular Physiology Research Unit – URPhyM, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, Belgium University of Namur, Belgium
| | - Lynn Vitale-Cross
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Irwin M. Arias
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Abstract
The localization of mRNAs within axons and dendrites allows neurons to manipulate protein levels in a time and location dependent manner and is essential for processes such as synaptic plasticity and axon guidance. However, an essential step in the process of mRNA localization, the decision to traffic to dendrites and/or axons, remains poorly understood. Here we show that Myosin Va and actin filaments are necessary for the dendritic localization of the mRNA binding protein Staufen 1 and of mRNA encoding the microtubule binding protein Map2. Blocking the function or expression of Myosin Va or depolymerizing actin filaments leads to localization of Staufen 1 and of Map2 mRNA in both axons and dendrites. Furthermore, interaction with Myosin Va plays an instructive role in the dendritic localization of Hermes 1, an RNA binding protein. Wild-type Hermes 1 localizes to both axons and dendrites, whereas Hermes 1 fused with a Myosin Va binding peptide, localizes specifically to dendrites. Thus, our results suggest that targeting of mRNAs to the dendrites is mediated by a mechanism that is dependent on actin and Myosin Va.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varuzhan Balasanyan
- Department of Biology, Program in Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Don B. Arnold
- Department of Biology, Program in Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nascimento AFZ, Trindade DM, Tonoli CCC, de Giuseppe PO, Assis LHP, Honorato RV, de Oliveira PSL, Mahajan P, Burgess-Brown NA, von Delft F, Larson RE, Murakami MT. Structural insights into functional overlapping and differentiation among myosin V motors. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:34131-34145. [PMID: 24097982 PMCID: PMC3837155 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.507202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin V (MyoV) motors have been implicated in the intracellular transport of diverse cargoes including vesicles, organelles, RNA-protein complexes, and regulatory proteins. Here, we have solved the cargo-binding domain (CBD) structures of the three human MyoV paralogs (Va, Vb, and Vc), revealing subtle structural changes that drive functional differentiation and a novel redox mechanism controlling the CBD dimerization process, which is unique for the MyoVc subclass. Moreover, the cargo- and motor-binding sites were structurally assigned, indicating the conservation of residues involved in the recognition of adaptors for peroxisome transport and providing high resolution insights into motor domain inhibition by CBD. These results contribute to understanding the structural requirements for cargo transport, autoinhibition, and regulatory mechanisms in myosin V motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey F Z Nascimento
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Daniel M Trindade
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Celisa C C Tonoli
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Priscila O de Giuseppe
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Leandro H P Assis
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo V Honorato
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Paulo S L de Oliveira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Pravin Mahajan
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Frank von Delft
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Roy E Larson
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Mario T Murakami
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil.
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40
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Fukuda S, Uchihashi T, Iino R, Okazaki Y, Yoshida M, Igarashi K, Ando T. High-speed atomic force microscope combined with single-molecule fluorescence microscope. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:073706. [PMID: 23902075 DOI: 10.1063/1.4813280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) have mutually complementary capabilities. Here, we report techniques to combine these microscopy systems so that both microscopy capabilities can be simultaneously used in the full extent. To combine the two systems, we have developed a tip-scan type HS-AFM instrument equipped with a device by which the laser beam from the optical lever detector can track the cantilever motion in the X- and Y-directions. This stand-alone HS-AFM system is mounted on an inverted optical microscope stage with a wide-area scanner. The capability of this combined system is demonstrated by simultaneous HS-AFM∕TIRFM imaging of chitinase A moving on a chitin crystalline fiber and myosin V walking on an actin filament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Fukuda
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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Canclini L, Wallrabe H, Di Paolo A, Kun A, Calliari A, Sotelo-Silveira JR, Sotelo JR. Association of Myosin Va and Schwann cells-derived RNA in mammal myelinated axons, analyzed by immunocytochemistry and confocal FRET microscopy. Methods 2013; 66:153-61. [PMID: 23791767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from multiple sources supports the hypothesis that Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system transfer messenger RNA and ribosomes to the axons they ensheath. Several technical and methodological difficulties exist for investigators to unravel this process in myelinated axons - a complex two-cell unit. We present an experimental design to demonstrate that newly synthesized RNA is transferred from Schwann cells to axons in association with Myosin Va. The use of quantitative confocal FRET microscopy to track newly-synthesized RNA and determine the molecular association with Myosin Va, is described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Canclini
- Departamento de Proteínas y Acidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Av. Italia 3318, Montevideo, CP 11600, Uruguay.
| | - Horst Wallrabe
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400328, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4328, USA.
| | - Andrés Di Paolo
- Departamento de Proteínas y Acidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Av. Italia 3318, Montevideo, CP 11600, Uruguay.
| | - Alejandra Kun
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400328, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4328, USA; Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, CP 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Aldo Calliari
- Departamento de Proteínas y Acidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Av. Italia 3318, Montevideo, CP 11600, Uruguay; Area Biofísica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Alberto Lasplaces 1550, Montevideo, CP 11600, Uruguay.
| | - José Roberto Sotelo-Silveira
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Av Italia 3318, Montevideo, CP 11600, Uruguay; Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, CP 11400, Uruguay.
| | - José Roberto Sotelo
- Departamento de Proteínas y Acidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Av. Italia 3318, Montevideo, CP 11600, Uruguay.
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Chizhov I, Hartmann FK, Hundt N, Tsiavaliaris G. Global fit analysis of myosin-5b motility reveals thermodynamics of Mg2+-sensitive acto-myosin-ADP states. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64797. [PMID: 23738001 PMCID: PMC3662761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the mechanochemical cycle of myosin motors are essential for understanding the mechanism of energy conversion. Here, we report our investigation of temperature and free Mg2+-ion dependencies of sliding velocities of a high duty ratio class-5 myosin motor, myosin-5b from D. discoideum using in vitro motility assays. Previous studies have shown that the sliding velocity of class-5 myosins obeys modulation by free Mg2+-ions. Free Mg2+-ions affect ADP release kinetics and the dwell time of actin-attached states. The latter determines the maximal velocity of actin translocation in the sliding filament assay. We measured the temperature dependence of sliding velocity in the range from 5 to 55°C at two limiting free Mg2+-ion concentrations. Arrhenius plots demonstrated non-linear behavior. Based on this observation we propose a kinetic model, which explains both sensitivity towards free Mg2+-ions and non-linearity of the temperature dependence of sliding velocity. According to this model, velocity is represented as a simple analytical function of temperature and free Mg2+-ion concentrations. This function has been applied to global non-linear fit analysis of three data sets including temperature and magnesium (at 20°C) dependence of sliding velocity. As a result we obtain thermodynamic parameters (ΔHMg and ΔSMg) of a fast equilibrium between magnesium free (AM·D) and magnesium bound acto-myosin-ADP (AM· Mg2+D) states and the corresponding enthalpic barriers associated with ADP release (ΔH1‡ and ΔH2‡). The herein presented integrative approach of data analysis based on global fitting can be applied to the remaining steps of the acto-myosin ATPase cycle facilitating the determination of energetic parameters and thermodynamics of acto-myosin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Chizhov
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, OE 4350, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Falk K. Hartmann
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, OE 4350, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nikolas Hundt
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, OE 4350, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georgios Tsiavaliaris
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, OE 4350, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Sotelo JR, Canclini L, Kun A, Sotelo-Silveira JR, Xu L, Wallrabe H, Calliari A, Rosso G, Cal K, Mercer JA. Myosin-Va-dependent cell-to-cell transfer of RNA from Schwann cells to axons. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61905. [PMID: 23626749 PMCID: PMC3633983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the role of protein synthesis in axons, we have identified the source of a portion of axonal RNA. We show that proximal segments of transected sciatic nerves accumulate newly-synthesized RNA in axons. This RNA is synthesized in Schwann cells because the RNA was labeled in the complete absence of neuronal cell bodies both in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrate that the transfer is prevented by disruption of actin and that it fails to occur in the absence of myosin-Va. Our results demonstrate cell-to-cell transfer of RNA and identify part of the mechanism required for transfer. The induction of cell-to-cell RNA transfer by injury suggests that interventions following injury or degeneration, particularly gene therapy, may be accomplished by applying them to nearby glial cells (or implanted stem cells) at the site of injury to promote regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R. Sotelo
- Department of Proteins and Nucleic Acids, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
- * E-mail: (JRS); (JAM)
| | - Lucía Canclini
- Department of Proteins and Nucleic Acids, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandra Kun
- Department of Proteins and Nucleic Acids, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Biochemistry Section, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - José R. Sotelo-Silveira
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Cell Biology Department, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lei Xu
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, Montana, United States of America
| | - Horst Wallrabe
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Aldo Calliari
- Biophysics Area, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Rosso
- Department of Proteins and Nucleic Acids, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Karina Cal
- Department of Proteins and Nucleic Acids, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - John A. Mercer
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, Montana, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail: (JRS); (JAM)
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Berger CL. Breaking the millisecond barrier: single molecule motors wobble to find their next binding sites. Biophys J 2013; 104:1219-20. [PMID: 23528080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Berger
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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Abstract
The dwell times between two successive steps of the two-headed molecular motor myosin V are governed by non-exponential distributions. These distributions have been determined experimentally for various control parameters such as nucleotide concentrations and external load force. First, we use a simplified network representation to determine the dwell time distributions of myosin V, with the associated dynamics described by a Markov process on networks with absorbing boundaries. Our approach provides a direct relation between the motor’s chemical kinetics and its stepping properties. In the absence of an external load, the theoretical distributions quantitatively agree with experimental findings for various nucleotide concentrations. Second, using a more complex branched network, which includes ADP release from the leading head, we are able to elucidate the motor’s gating effect. This effect is caused by an asymmetry in the chemical properties of the leading and the trailing head of the motor molecule. In the case of an external load acting on the motor, the corresponding dwell time distributions reveal details about the motor’s backsteps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Bierbaum
- Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
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Abstract
Myosin V motors are believed to contribute to cell polarization by carrying cargoes along actin tracks. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Myosin Vs transport secretory vesicles along actin cables, which are dynamic actin bundles assembled by the formin For3 at cell poles. How these flexible structures are able to extend longitudinally in the cell through the dense cytoplasm is unknown. Here we show that in myosin V (myo52 myo51) null cells, actin cables are curled, bundled, and fail to extend into the cell interior. They also exhibit reduced retrograde flow, suggesting that formin-mediated actin assembly is impaired. Myo52 may contribute to actin cable organization by delivering actin regulators to cell poles, as myoV defects are partially suppressed by diverting cargoes toward cell tips onto microtubules with a kinesin 7-Myo52 tail chimera. In addition, Myo52 motor activity may pull on cables to provide the tension necessary for their extension and efficient assembly, as artificially tethering actin cables to the nuclear envelope via a Myo52 motor domain restores actin cable extension and retrograde flow in myoV mutants. Together these in vivo data reveal elements of a self-organizing system in which the motors shape their own tracks by transporting cargoes and exerting physical pulling forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libera Lo Presti
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fred Chang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Sophie G. Martin
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abstract
The highly orchestrated progression of the cell cycle depends on the degradation of many regulatory proteins at different cell cycle stages. One of the key cell cycle ubiquitin ligases is the Skp1-cullin-F-box (SCF) complex. Acting in concert with the substrate-binding F-box protein Grr1, SCFGrr1 promotes the degradation of cell cycle regulators as well as various metabolic enzymes. Using a yeast two-hybrid assay with a Grr1 derivative as the bait, we identified She3, which is an adaptor protein in the asymmetric mRNA transport system, as a novel Grr1 substrate. We generated stabilized She3 mutants, which no longer bound to Grr1, and found that the degradation of She3 is not required for regulating asymmetric mRNA transport. However, She3 stabilization leads to slower growth compared to wild-type cells in a co-culture assay, demonstrating that the degradation of She3 by Grr1 is required for optimal cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark J. Solomon
- Yale University, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
In gliding assays, filaments are pulled by molecular motors that are immobilized on a solid surface. By varying the motor density on the surface, one can control the number of motors that pull simultaneously on a single filament. Here, such gliding assays are studied theoretically using Brownian (or Langevin) dynamics simulations and taking the local force balance between motors and filaments as well as the force-dependent velocity of the motors into account. We focus on the filament stepping dynamics and investigate how single motor properties such as stalk elasticity and step size determine the presence or absence of fractional steps of the filaments. We show that each gliding assay can be characterized by a critical motor number, . Because of thermal fluctuations, fractional filament steps are only detectable as long as . The corresponding fractional filament step size is where is the step size of a single motor. We first apply our computational approach to microtubules pulled by kinesin-1 motors. For elastic motor stalks that behave as linear springs with a zero rest length, the critical motor number is found to be , and the corresponding distributions of the filament step sizes are in good agreement with the available experimental data. In general, the critical motor number depends on the elastic stalk properties and is reduced to for linear springs with a nonzero rest length. Furthermore, is shown to depend quadratically on the motor step size . Therefore, gliding assays consisting of actin filaments and myosin-V are predicted to exhibit fractional filament steps up to motor number . Finally, we show that fractional filament steps are also detectable for a fixed average motor number as determined by the surface density (or coverage) of the motors on the substrate surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Reinhard Lipowsky
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jan Kierfeld
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, Potsdam, Germany
- Physics Department, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Röder IV, Strack S, Reischl M, Dahley O, Khan MM, Kassel O, Zaccolo M, Rudolf R. Participation of myosin Va and Pka type I in the regeneration of neuromuscular junctions. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40860. [PMID: 22815846 PMCID: PMC3397957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The unconventional motor protein, myosin Va, is crucial for the development of the mouse neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in the early postnatal phase. Furthermore, the cooperative action of protein kinase A (PKA) and myosin Va is essential to maintain the adult NMJ. We here assessed the involvement of myosin Va and PKA in NMJ recovery during muscle regeneration. Methodology/Principal Findings To address a putative role of myosin Va and PKA in the process of muscle regeneration, we used two experimental models the dystrophic mdx mouse and Notexin-induced muscle degeneration/regeneration. We found that in both systems myosin Va and PKA type I accumulate beneath the NMJs in a fiber maturation-dependent manner. Morphologically intact NMJs were found to express stable nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and to accumulate myosin Va and PKA type I in the subsynaptic region. Subsynaptic cAMP signaling was strongly altered in dystrophic muscle, particularly in fibers with severely subverted NMJ morphology. Conclusions/Significance Our data show a correlation between the subsynaptic accumulation of myosin Va and PKA type I on the one hand and NMJ regeneration status and morphology, AChR stability and specificity of subsynaptic cAMP handling on the other hand. This suggests an important role of myosin Va and PKA type I for the maturation of NMJs in regenerating muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Verena Röder
- Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Siegfried Strack
- Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Markus Reischl
- Institut für Angewandte Informatik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Oliver Dahley
- Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Muzamil Majid Khan
- Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Olivier Kassel
- Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institut für Medizintechnologie, Universität Heidelberg und Hochschule Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Institut für Molekular- und Zellbiologie, Hochschule Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
In this study, through phenomenological comparison of the velocity-force data of processive motor proteins, including conventional kinesin, cytoplasmic dynein and myosin V, I found that, the ratio between motor velocities of two different ATP concentrations is almost invariant for any substall, superstall or negative external loads. Therefore, the velocity of motors can be well approximated by a Michaelis-Menten like formula , with the step size, and the external load dependent rate of one mechanochemical cycle of motor motion in saturated ATP solution. The difference of Michaelis-Menten constant for substall, superstall and negative external load indicates, the configurations at which ATP molecule can bind to motor heads for these three cases might be different, though the expression of as a function of might be unchanged for any external load . Verifications of this Michaelis-Menten like formula has also been done by fitting to the recent experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxin Zhang
- Laboratory of Mathematics for Nonlinear Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Contemporary Applied Mathematics, Centre for Computational Systems Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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