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Zhang J, Hou XY, Wang JY, Lu B. Case report: Cutaneous anthrax diagnosed using mNGS of a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sample. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1329235. [PMID: 38638828 PMCID: PMC11024221 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1329235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) method is preferred for genotyping useful for the identification of organisms, illumination of metabolic pathways, and determination of microbiota. It can accurately obtain all the nucleic acid information in the test sample. Anthrax is one of the most important zoonotic diseases, infecting mainly herbivores and occasionally humans. The disease has four typical clinical forms, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, inhalation, and injection, all of which may result in sepsis or meningitis, with cutaneous being the most common form. Here, we report a case of cutaneous anthrax diagnosed by mNGS in a butcher. Histopathology of a skin biopsy revealed PAS-positive bacilli. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sample was confirmed the diagnosis of anthrax by mNGS. He was cured with intravenous penicillin. To our knowledge, this is the first case of cutaneous anthrax diagnosed by mNGS using FFPE tissue. mNGS is useful for identifying pathogens that are difficult to diagnose with conventional methods, and FFPE samples are simple to manage. Compared with traditional bacterial culture, which is difficult to cultivate and takes a long time, mNGS can quickly and accurately help us diagnose anthrax, so that anthrax can be controlled in a timely manner and prevent the outbreak of epidemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xin-Yi Hou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Jing-Yu Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
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Matono T, Suzuki S, Mori S, Ato M. Case Report: Borderline Lepromatous Leprosy Therapy Complicated by Type 1 Leprosy Reaction and Adverse Reactions with Dapsone and Clofazimine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 110:483-486. [PMID: 38266303 PMCID: PMC10919175 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is a global health issue, causing long-term functional morbidity and stigma. Rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment are important; however, early diagnosis is often challenging, especially in nonendemic areas. Here, we report a case of borderline lepromatous leprosy accompanied by dapsone-induced (neutropenia, anemia, and methemoglobinemia) and clofazimine-induced (skin discoloration and ichthyosis) side effects and type 1 leprosy reactions during administration of the multidrug therapy. The patient completely recovered without developing any deformities or visual impairment. To ensure early diagnosis and a favorable outcome, clinicians should be aware of the diminished sensation of skin lesions as a key physical finding and manage the drug toxicities and leprosy reactions appropriately in patients on multidrug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matono
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shotaro Suzuki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Mori
- Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Ato
- Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Cui W, Wan M, Liu ZH, Chen L, Miao Y. Painful nodule on the nose of a child. Pediatr Dermatol 2024; 41:127-129. [PMID: 37493344 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingshun Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Hu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingjing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Miao
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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Campos GR, Prado M, Reis Borges KL, Yassue RM, Sabadin F, da Silva AV, Morais de Alcântara Barbosa C, Bellato Sposito M, Amorim L, Fritsche-Neto R. Construction and genetic characterization of an interspecific raspberry hybrids panel aiming resistance to late leaf rust and adaptation to tropical regions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15216. [PMID: 37709795 PMCID: PMC10502132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Raspberries (Rubus spp) are temperate climate fruits with profitable high returns and have the potential for diversification of fruit growing in mid to low-latitude regions. However, there are still no cultivars adapted to climatic conditions and high pressure of diseases that occurs in tropical areas. In this context, our objective was to evaluate the genetic diversity from a 116 raspberry genotypes panel obtained from interspecific crosses in a testcross scheme with four cultivars already introduced in Brazil. The panel was genotyped via genotyping-by-sequencing. 28,373 and 27,281 SNPs were obtained, using the species R. occidentalis and R. idaeus genomes as references, respectively. A third marker dataset was constructed consisting of 41,292 non-coincident markers. Overall, there were no differences in the results when using the different marker sets for the subsequent analyses. The mean heterozygosity was 0.54. The average effective population size was 174, indicating great genetic variability. The other analyses revealed that the half-sibling families were structured in three groups. It is concluded that the studied panel has great potential for breeding and further genetic studies. Moreover, only one of the three marker matrices is sufficient for diversity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melina Prado
- "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Felipe Sabadin
- "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lilian Amorim
- "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fritsche-Neto
- "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Rice Research Station, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, USA
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5
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Saeed J, Hussain Shah SN, Javed H, Aslam A, Ali A, Siddique F, Zahra T, Bin Jardan YA, Wondmie GF, Nafidi HA, Bourhia M. Experimental and in silico evaluation of Carthamus tinctorius L. oil emulgel: a promising treatment for bacterial skin infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1253095. [PMID: 37731820 PMCID: PMC10508954 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1253095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The current study aimed to develop a topical herbal emulgel containing Carthamus tinctorius L. (CT) oil extract, which has been scientifically proven for its antibacterial and antioxidant activities for the ailment of bacterial skin infections. Method The CT emulgel was formulated by response surface methodology (RSM) and was evaluated by various parameters like extrudability, spreadability, pH, viscosity, and antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Molecular docking was also performed using AutoDock. Results Among all formulated CT emulgels, F9 and F8 were optimized. Optimized formulations had shown good spreadability and extrudability characteristics. Sample F8 had % inhibition of 42.131 ± 0.335, 56.720 ± 0.222, and 72.440 ± 0.335 at different concentrations. Sample F9 had % inhibition of 26.312 ± 0.280, 32.461 ± 0.328, and 42.762 ± 0.398 at concentrations of 250 µg/ml, 500 µg/ml, and 1,000 µg/ml, respectively, which shows that both samples F8 and F9 have significant antioxidant potential. Optimized CT emulgels F8 and F9 had significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at p-value = 0.00, the Emulgel-F8 shows zone of inhibition of 24 mm for E-coli and 19 mm for S-aureus. Emulgel-F9 shows zone of inhibition of 22 mm for E-coli and 15 mm for S-aureus while pure CT- Oil extract shows zone of inhibition of 25 mm for E-coli and 20 mm for S-aureus and ciprofloxacin used as standard shows 36mm zone of inhibition against both E-coli and S-aureus. The comparative investigation through molecular docking binding affinities and interactions of ligands with various target proteins provides insights into the molecular processes behind ligand binding and may have significance for drug discovery and design for the current study. Conclusion The current study suggests that C. tinctorius L.-based emulgel has good antioxidant and antibacterial activities against E. coli for the treatment of bacterial skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaria Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Syed Nisar Hussain Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hina Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Asma Aslam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Anam Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Siddique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tahreem Zahra
- Institute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune, Morocco
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6
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Zhao Y, Liu C, Li X, Ma L, Zhai G, Feng X. Sphagnum increases soil's sequestration capacity of mineral-associated organic carbon via activating metal oxides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5052. [PMID: 37598219 PMCID: PMC10439956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphagnum wetlands are global hotspots for carbon storage, conventionally attributed to the accumulation of decay-resistant litter. However, the buildup of mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) with relatively slow turnover has rarely been examined therein. Here, employing both large-scale comparisons across major terrestrial ecosystems and soil survey along Sphagnum gradients in distinct wetlands, we show that Sphagnum fosters a notable accumulation of metal-bound organic carbon (OC) via activating iron and aluminum (hydr)oxides in the soil. The unique phenolic and acidic metabolites of Sphagnum further strengthen metal-organic associations, leading to the dominance of metal-bound OC in soil MAOC. Importantly, in contrast with limited MAOC sequestration potentials elsewhere, MAOC increases linearly with soil OC accrual without signs of saturation in Sphagnum wetlands. These findings collectively demonstrate that Sphagnum acts as an efficient 'rust engineer' that largely boosts the rusty carbon sink in wetlands, potentially increasing long-term soil carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chengzhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lixiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guoqing Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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7
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Zhu J, Shi C, Zhao H, He R, Jing Z, Yang D. Case Report: Upper Thoracic Esophageal Paralysis Accompanying a Type 1 Leprosy Reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 109:343-344. [PMID: 37277105 PMCID: PMC10397463 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 leprosy reactions (T1LRs) occur mainly in patients with borderline leprosy and an unstable immune status. The main symptoms of T1LRs include aggravated skin lesions and nerve damage. Nerve damage involving the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves causes dysfunction of the nose, pharynx, larynx, and even the esophagus, which are innervated by these nerves. Here, we report a case of upper thoracic esophageal paralysis caused by vagus nerve involvement in a patient with T1LRs. Although infrequent, this serious emergency merits attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Zhu
- Department of Leprosy, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Shi
- Department of Leprosy, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaibo Zhao
- Department of Leprosy, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongli He
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhichun Jing
- Department of Leprosy, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Degang Yang
- Department of Leprosy, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Fuchs-Algrim J, Lorenz H, Zimmermann C, Günnewich N, Schwarzensteiner I, Kaiser PM, Tronnier H. Turpentine Ointment in Bacterial Skin Infections: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Complement Med Res 2022; 30:56-62. [PMID: 36417842 PMCID: PMC11078321 DOI: 10.1159/000528220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Turpentine-containing substances are considered effective in treating cutaneous bacterial infections, but reliable clinical data are scant. OBJECTIVE We investigated the efficacy and safety of an ointment containing larch turpentine (from Larix decidua), eucalyptus oil (from Eucalyptus globulus), and turpentine oil (from Pinus pinaster) in outpatients with painful skin abscesses in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. INTERVENTION 116 outpatients with skin abscesses used verum or placebo for 10 days. Sum score of the patient's discomforts, changes in abscess size, rate of therapeutic success, and complete healing served as outcome parameters. RESULTS Fifty-four patients were treated with verum and 56 with placebo. According to the patient's discomfort sum score, patients in the verum group showed a better improvement compared to the placebo group (7.3 vs. 4.7; p = 0.024), and subjective assessment by the investigators revealed a higher treatment success rate after verum (70% vs. 48%; p = 0.021). Complete healing was documented in 67% of the patients receiving verum versus 46% in the placebo group (p = 0.037). There was a positive trend toward a larger decrease in the abscess sizes in the verum group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.07). CONCLUSION The ointment studied is an effective and safe option for the treatment of bacterial skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Horst Lorenz
- BBS-Büro für Biometrie und Statistik, Neuberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Hagen Tronnier
- Institut für Experimentelle Dermatologie, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
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9
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Hopkins C, Gilmore W, Ren V. Subcutaneous Nodules with Lymphocutaneous Spread: Challenge. Am J Dermatopathol 2022; 44:e122-e123. [PMID: 36162098 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - William Gilmore
- Christus Southeast Texas Hospital-St. Elizabeth, Beaumont, TX
| | - Vicky Ren
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and
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10
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Abstract
In the years around 1900 one of the most significant practical consequences of new styles of bacteriological thought and practice was the development of preventive vaccines and therapeutic sera. Historical scholarship has highlighted how approaches rooted in the laboratory methods of Robert Koch, Louis Pasteur and their collaborators were transformed in local contexts and applied in diverse ways to enable more effective disease identification, prevention and treatment. Amongst these, the anti-anthrax serum developed by the Italian physician Achille Sclavo (1861-1930) has received little to no attention from historians. This article positions Sclavo's serum as a neglected but significant presence in British microbiology, which achieved widespread uptake amidst a wave of optimism, despite prolonged uncertainty about its mechanism of action and dosage. After being introduced to Britain in 1904 by the enterprising first medical inspector of factories Thomas Morison Legge, within a matter of months the serum became regarded by medical practitioners as an effective treatment of cutaneous anthrax, though access to 'fresh' serum and the necessary speedy diagnosis remained problematic. Like the disease anthrax itself, discussion of 'Sclavo's serum' was out of all proportion to the relatively low number of cases, reflecting a deep-seated fascination with the wider possibilities afforded by effective serum therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Stark
- School of Philosophy, Religion and History of Science, University of Leeds
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11
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Opstrup MS, Jemec GE, Kaae J. [Not Available]. Ugeskr Laeger 2022; 184:V71097. [PMID: 35485797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeanette Kaae
- Dermatologisk Afdeling, Sjøllands Universitetshospital, Roskilde
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12
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Zhang EM, Zhang HJ, He JR, Li W, Wei JC. [Analysis of epidemic characteristics of anthrax in China from 2017 to 2019 and molecular typing of Bacillus anthracis]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 56:422-426. [PMID: 35488537 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210423-00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of anthrax in China from 2017 to 2019 and molecular typing of Bacillus anthracis isolated from some provinces (autonomous regions). Methods: Surveillance data of anthrax cases reported from 2017 to 2019 in the Infectious Disease Surveillance information System of China Disease Prevention and Control and the Public Health Emergency Reporting and Management Information System were collected, and descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics, including the temporal, geographic and demographic distribution of this disease. A total of 47 strains of Bacillus anthracis isolated from 2017 to 2019 were analyzed by canSNP and MLVA15. Results: A total of 951 cases of anthrax were reported from 2017 to 2019, of which 938 were cutaneous anthrax, representing 98.63% of the total number reported. It was mainly distributed in the west and northeast of China, and the three provinces with the highest number of cases were Gansu (215), Sichuan (202) and Qinghai (191). Cases had been reported throughout the year, more cases occurred in the summer and autumn, and August was the month with the most cases,66.35% (211/318), 72.32% (243/336) and 68.01% (202/297) of cases were reported during June to September. The age distribution was mainly between 20 and 59 years old, accounting for more than 80% of all cases. The number of male cases was significantly higher than that of female cases, the ratio of male to female was about 3∶1. The occupations were mainly herdsmen and farmers, accounting for 49.70% to 58.18% and 31.45% to 36.70%, respectively. Public health events occurred every year, and 29 events had been reported from 2017 to 2019. canSNP analysis showed that 37 of the 47 strains belonged to the A.Br.001/002 subgroup and 10 belonged to the A.Br.Ames subgroup. MLVA15 analysis showed that there were 17 genotypes, of which 10 genotypes contained only one strain. Conclusion: Cutaneous anthrax was the predominant clinical type in China from 2017 to 2019.The seasonal, geographic and demographic distribution characteristics were evident.Molecular typing methods such as canSNP and MLVA15 can be used to trace the source of infectious diseases and provide technical support for anthrax prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 102206, China
| | - H J Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 102206, China
| | - J R He
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 102206, China
| | - W Li
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 102206, China
| | - J C Wei
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 102206, China
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13
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Bonderup OK, Tarp B. [Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans]. Ugeskr Laeger 2021; 183:V71084. [PMID: 34796862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Britta Tarp
- Diagnostisk Center, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg
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14
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Ji X, Yang H, Liu W, Ma Y, Wu J, Zong X, Yuan P, Chen X, Yang C, Li X, Lin H, Xue W, Dai J. Multifunctional Parachute-like Nanomotors for Enhanced Skin Penetration and Synergistic Antifungal Therapy. ACS Nano 2021; 15:14218-14228. [PMID: 34435494 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections in skin are extremely stubborn and seriously threaten human health. In the process of antifungal treatment, it is a huge challenge that the stratum corneum of the skin and fungal biofilms form the drug transport barrier. Herein, a near-infrared (NIR) laser-propelled parachute-like nanomotor loaded with miconazole nitrate (PNM-MN) is fabricated to enhance transdermal drug delivery for synergistic antifungal therapy. Due to asymmetrically spatial distribution, PNM can generate a thermal gradient under NIR laser irradiation, thereby forming effective self-thermophoretic propulsion. The self-propulsion and photothermal effect of PNM play a major role in promoting fungal uptake and biofilm adhesion. Moreover, under laser irradiation, PNM-MN can obliterate plankton Candida albicans and mature biofilms by combining pharmacological therapy and photothermal therapy. More importantly, the drug effectively penetrated the skin to reach the infected site using the nanomotor with NIR laser irradiation. Moreover, PNM-MN with a NIR laser can eradicate fungal infections caused by C. albicans and facilitate the abscess ablation, showing a therapeutic effect in vivo better than that of PNM with a NIR laser or free MN groups, with negligible histological toxicity. Taken together, NIR laser-propelled PNM-MN, as an antifungal nanoagent, provides a promising strategy for transdermal delivery and antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Haiyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yandong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinpei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zong
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pengfei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Caiqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian Dai
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Ishikane M, Mitsuhashi T, Motohashi A, Aozasa N. Cutaneous Mycobacteroides chelonae Infection. Intern Med 2021; 60:1133-1134. [PMID: 33162472 PMCID: PMC8079928 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4988-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ishikane
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Mitsuhashi
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
- Infection Control Office, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Ayano Motohashi
- Microbiology Laboratory, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Naohiko Aozasa
- Department of Dermatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
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Sil A, Bhanja DB. Pitted Keratolysis. Indian Pediatr 2020; 57:875. [PMID: 32999128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abheek Sil
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy, RG Kar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | - Dibyendu Bikash Bhanja
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy, RG Kar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Abstract
The severe bacterial diseases discussed herein are those that present dermatological lesions as their initial manifestations, for which the dermatologist is often called upon to give an opinion or is even the first to examine the patient. This review focuses on those that evolve with skin necrosis during their natural history, that is, necrotizing fasciitis, Fournier gangrene, and ecthyma gangrenosum. Notice that the more descriptive terminology was adopted; each disease was individualized, rather than being referred by the generic term "necrotizing soft tissue infections". Due to their relevance and increasing frequency, infections by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were also included, more specifically abscesses, furuncle, and carbuncle, and their potential etiologies by MRSA. This article focuses on the epidemiology, clinical dermatological manifestations, methods of diagnosis, and treatment of each of the diseases mentioned.
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Yang W, Zhao L, Tang M, Jiang Y, Zhu Z, Brady TJ, Xiao H, Bai Q, Wakefield MR, Fang Y. Disseminated Nocardia Infection in an Old Male Patient with Nephrotic Syndrome. Clin Lab 2020; 66. [PMID: 32013360 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2019.190638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nocardia infection is a very rare bacterial infection caused by Gram-positive, aerobic nocardia species. However, in recent years, it has become a serious infection in immunocompromised patients. Earlier diagnosis plays a pivotal in the effective treatment of nocardia infection. METHODS In this study, we reported a 65-year-old male patient with nephrotic syndrome who had disseminated abscesses in the lungs, right lower limb, and right cheek. RESULTS Bacterial culture from these lesions confirmed the presence of nocardia. Timely administration of sensitive antibiotics resulted in a quick recovery for this patient. CONCLUSIONS Nocardia infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of infectious lesions, especially when a patient has multiple abscesses and an underlying disorder in which the immune function of the patient may be compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Lai Ma
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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Mabona U, Viljoen A, Shikanga E, Marston A, Van Vuuren S. Antimicrobial activity of southern African medicinal plants with dermatological relevance: From an ethnopharmacological screening approach, to combination studies and the isolation of a bioactive compound. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 148:45-55. [PMID: 23545456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical reports on more than 100 southern African medicinal plants with dermatological relevance have been highlighted, yet there is still limited scientific data to support claims for their antimicrobial effectiveness against skin pathogens. Guided by ethnobotanical data, this paper explores the antimicrobial efficacies of southern African medicinal plants used to treat skin ailments. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the antimicrobial properties of southern African medicinal plants against dermatologically relevant pathogens. The study also aimed at providing a scientific rationale for the traditional use of plant combinations to treat skin diseases and the isolation of the bio-active compound from the most active species, Aristea ecklonii (Iridaceae). MATERIALS AND METHODS Organic and aqueous extracts (132) were prepared from 47 plant species and screened for antimicrobial properties against dermatologically relevant pathogens using the micro-titre plate dilution method. Four different plant combinations were investigated for interactive properties and the sum of the fractional inhibitory concentration (ƩFIC) calculated. Isobolograms were used to further investigate the antimicrobial interactive properties of Pentanisia prunelloides combined with Elephantorrhiza elephantina at varied ratios. A bioactivity-guided fractionation process was adopted to fractionate the organic leaf extract of Aristea ecklonii. RESULTS Plants demonstrating notable broad-spectrum activities (MIC values ≤1.00mg/ml) against the tested pathogens included extracts from Aristea ecklonii, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Diospyros mespiliformis, Elephantorrhiza elephantina, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Gunnera perpensa, Harpephyllum caffrum, Hypericum perforatum, Melianthus comosus, Terminalia sericea and Warburgia salutaris. The organic extract of Elephantorrhiza elephantina, a plant reportedly used to treat acne vulgaris, demonstrated noteworthy antimicrobial activity (MIC value of 0.05mg/ml) against Propionibacterium acnes. Similarly, Diospyros mespiliformis reported for its traditional use to treat ringworm, also displayed noteworthy antimicrobial activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes (MIC 0.10mg/ml) and Microsporum canis (MIC 0.50mg/ml). The aqueous root extracts of Pentanisia prunelloides combined (1:1) with Elephantorrhiza elephantina displayed synergistic interactions (ƩFIC values 0.31-0.38) against Staphylococcus aureus, gentamycin-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans. Fractionation of Aristea ecklonii resulted in the isolation of the known bio-active compound, plumbagin, displaying noteworthy antimicrobial activity (MIC range between 2.00μg/ml and 16.00μg/ml). CONCLUSION Most of the plant extracts demonstrated pathogen specific antimicrobial effects with a few exhibiting broad-spectrum activities. Positive antimicrobial effects noted for plants such as Elephantorrhiza elephantina and Diospyros mespiliformis used for acne vulgaris and ringworm infections, respectively, give some validation to their reported traditiona l uses. Synergistic interactions noted for Pentanisia prunelloides combined with Elephantorrhiza elephantina validate an enhanced antimicrobial effect when used in combination. Noteworthy antimicrobial activities (MIC range between 2.00μg/ml and 16.00μg/ml) were observed for plumbagin isolated from Aristea ecklonii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unathi Mabona
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
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Bayindir Y, Firat AK, Kayabas U, Alkan A, Yetkin F, Karakas HM, Yologlu S. Increased membrane turnover in the brain in cutaneous anthrax without central nervous system disorder: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:43-6. [PMID: 22543072 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis contacting the skin, is the most common form of human anthrax. Recent studies implicate the presence of additional, possibly toxin-related subtle changes, even in patients without neurological or radiological findings. In this study, the presence of subtle changes in cutaneous anthrax was investigated at the metabolite level using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Study subjects were consisted of 10 patients with cutaneous anthrax without co-morbid disease and/or neurological findings, and 13 healthy controls. There were no statistical differences in age and gender between two groups. The diagnosis of cutaneous anthrax was based on medical history, presence of a typical cutaneous lesion, large gram positive bacilli on gram staining and/or positive culture for B. anthracis from cutaneous samples. Brain magnetic resonance imaging examination consisted of conventional imaging and single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed by using point-resolved spectroscopy sequence (TR: 2000ms, TE: 136ms, 128 averages). Voxels of 20mm×20mm×20mm were placed in normal-appearing parietal white matter to detect metabolite levels. Cerebral metabolite peaks were measured in normal appearing parietal white matter. N-acetyl aspartate/creatine and choline/creatine ratios were calculated using standard analytical procedures. Patients and controls were not statistically different regarding parietal white matter N-acetyl aspartate/creatine ratios (p=0.902), a finding that implicates the conservation of neuronal and axonal integrity and neuronal functions. However, choline/creatine ratios were significantly higher in patient groups (p=0.001), a finding implicating an increased membrane turnover. In conclusion, these two findings point to a possibly anthrax toxins-related subtle inflammatory reaction of the central nervous system at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasar Bayindir
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Inonu University, Medical Faculty, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey.
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Bennaoui F, Draiss G, Bourrous M, Bouskraoui M. [Necrotic lesion of the lip and cough with fever: cutaneous and pulmonary anthrax]. Med Trop (Mars) 2011; 71:621-623. [PMID: 22393634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Anthrax disease is an anthropozoonosis caused by Bacillus anthracis. It appears in three clinical forms: pulmonary, intestinal, and cutaneous. We report a case of pulmonary and cutaneous anthrax in a one-year-old Moroccan infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bennaoui
- Service de pédiatrie A, hôpital mère et enfant, faculté de médecine Sidi Abbad, CHU Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Maroc.
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Popescu R, Pistol A, Miltaru L, Caplan D, Cucuiu R, Popovici F. Two cases of infection with Bacillus anthracis, Romania, October 2011. Euro Surveill 2011; 16:20008. [PMID: 22114977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A cluster of two confirmed cases of anthrax were reported in October 2011 from a small village with a population of 3,400 people, in south-eastern Romania.One was a fatal case of cutaneous and anthrax meningoencephalitis, while the other had cutaneous anthrax. Both cases had been exposed to one Bacillus anthracis-infected cow via consumption of its meat or being involved in its slaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Popescu
- National Institute of Public Health, National Centre for Communicable Diseases Surveillance and Control, Bucharest, Romania.
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Bayindir Y, Bayraktar M, Karadag N, Ozcan H, Kayabas U, Otlu B, Durmaz R, Doganay M. Investigation and analysis of a human orf outbreak among people living on the same farm. New Microbiol 2011; 34:37-43. [PMID: 21344145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Human orf is a viral zoonotic infection caused by Parapoxvirus. The skin lesions of human orf can be misdiagnosed as cutaneous anthrax leading to overtreatment and also fear. This study was conducted to analyze an outbreak which led to deaths among kids and lambs in the same flock, and skin lesions in some persons who were living on the same farm that were initially diagnosed as cutaneous anthrax by a practitioner. Eight patients with skin lesions and eleven persons who had no skin lesion were considered as patients and control groups, respectively. The cultures obtained from the lesions of all patients were negative for Bacillus anthracis. The diagnosis of skin lesions was done by clinical findings, histopathological examination and PCR as human orf. To be under 20 years of age, direct contact with the animals, and contact with flayed skin of sick animals were the risk factors for human orf (Odds Ratio 7.5; 95% Confidence Interval 1.02-54.54, OR 12.25; 95% CI:1.3-100.9, OR 16.67; 95% CI:1.65-148.20, respectively). Orf should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of skin lesions resembling anthrax. For control and prevention of orf, transmission routes should be known; good hand hygiene and other personal protective measures have to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasar Bayindir
- Inonu University, Medical Faculty, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Malatya, TR-44280, Turkey.
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Wynter R. Scratching the surface: The history of skin, its diseases and their treatment--history of Medicine Unit, University of Birmingham, October 29-30, 2010. Skinmed 2011; 9:56-58. [PMID: 21409964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wynter
- Department of History, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Jallali N, Hettiaratchy S, Gordon AC, Jain A. The surgical management of injectional anthrax. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2010; 64:276-7. [PMID: 20615773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 05/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Dauger S, Benhayoun M, Touzot F, Bonnard A. Images in neonatal medicine. Abdominal cellulitis due to Escherichia coli in a two month old premature newborn. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2006; 91:F442. [PMID: 17056840 PMCID: PMC2672754 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2006.094201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Dauger
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Robert Debré, Université Paris VII-Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
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Abstract
Psoriasis, a TH1-induced disorder, is not more common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection than in the general population. However, it may appear for the first time or pre-existing psoriasis may worsen and be difficult to treat in HIV disease. The paradoxical exacerbation of psoriasis in AIDS has not been fully explained. Various explanations have been proposed including (a) the reduction of Langerhans' cells (LCs) in HIV disease, (b) the direct epidermal proliferative effect of HIV, (c) the altered cytokine profile in HIV disease, (d) HIV-induced macrophage nitric oxide (NO) production, (e) the increased CD8/CD4 T-cell ratio in HIV infection and (f) the increased colonization of skin by Staphylococcus aureus. However, the observations that (a) LCs cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and a variety of topical and systemic psoriasis treatments cause a reversible decrease in LC function, (b) psoriasis may improve in end-stage HIV infection, (c) overproduction of some TH2 cytokines and underproduction of IL-2 in HIV infection, and (d) the presence of NO favors a TH2 response over a TH1 response make the first four explanations difficult to interpret. Since psoriasis is exacerbated in HIV infection possibly due to the increased staphylococcal colonization, and psoriatic keratinocytes could aggravate HIV infection through production of TNF-alpha, it could be reasoned that in HIV-positive psoriatics a strong vicious cycle is present between the degree of immune deficiency and the staphylococcal colonization, explaining the poor prognosis of both AIDS and psoriasis in these patients. With reference to the studies which indicate significant involvement of substance P (SP) in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and on the other hand increased release of this agent by HIV-infected immune cells it is proposed that SP plays an important role in creating the paradox. Since in HIV-positive psoriatics the source of SP is largely immune cells not neurons, capsaicin, which exerts its action selectively on a subpopulation of neurons, could not be of significant therapeutic value. As SP significantly enhances HIV-1 replication in latently infected immune cells, psoriatic lesions, being heavily infiltrated with immune cells and having high concentrations of SP, could serve as high HIV-replication foci, with the resultant rapid progression of the infection towards AIDS. Additionally, given that lipopolysaccharide is supposed to exacerbate psoriasis, increase of gram-negative infections or cutaneous colonization with these organisms in AIDS may partly explain the paradox. Understanding the HIV-induced immunodysregulation that is associated with psoriasis in some HIV-seropositive patients may assist in the delineation of the immunopathogenesis of the disease in HIV-seronegative psoriatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Namazi
- Dermatology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71955-687, Shiraz, Iran.
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30
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Skin and soft tissue infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2004; 17:149-57. [PMID: 15021056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
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Katz AM. Vibrio infections and rickettsioses: summary notes. J Cutan Med Surg 1999; 3:247-8, 259. [PMID: 10381950 DOI: 10.1177/120347549900300507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Katz
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sarman G, Shappell SB, Mason EO, Smith CW, Kaplan SL. Susceptibility to local and systemic bacterial infections in intercellular adhesion molecule 1-deficient transgenic mice. J Infect Dis 1995; 172:1001-6. [PMID: 7561172 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/172.4.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) during systemic and local bacterial infections was studied in transgenic ICAM-1-deficient and control mice that were injected intraperitoneally (ip) or intradermally (id) with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Staphylococcus aureus. Mortality rates, blood cultures, white blood cell (WBC) counts and absolute neutrophil counts (ANCs) were obtained daily until cultures were sterile. Six and 24 h after injections, autopsies were done on randomly selected ip-inoculated mice and biopsies were done on randomly selected id-inoculated mice. Survival rates were similar. In ICAM-1-deficient mice, ip P. aeruginosa resulted in higher incidences of bacteremia at 24 h (P = .003) and 48 h (P = .002); id S. aureus resulted in larger skin lesions (P = .026). Leukocytosis persisted in ICAM-1-deficient mice 6 h after ip injection of E. coli; however, WBC counts and ANCs in peritoneal fluid did not differ. Although the inflammatory responses were similar histologically in ICAM-1-deficient and normal mice, differences in site- and stimulus-specific susceptibilities were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sarman
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Prasad R. Pulmonary sarcoidosis and chronic cutaneous atypical mycobacter ulcer. Aust Fam Physician 1993; 22:755-8. [PMID: 8517819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This interesting case of pulmonary sarcoidosis and Mycobacterium ulcerans ulcers raises many issues: 1. Our paucity of knowledge of deficient immune status in individuals; the multifarious presentation as recognisable ill health, its early detection, treatment and its prevention. In this present case the management of the immune status of the patient has not yet been fully addressed. The relationship between his pulmonary sarcoidosis as being an 'immune' response to the Mycobacterium ulcerans remains speculative; for example, did this patient have the Mycobacterium infection before he was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis? There is no evidence of this. With the history of repeated cellulitis associated with his business trips to Asia and the Middle East, the likelihood seems speculative--as would infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans contracted from swimming in pools and rivers. 2. As sarcoidosis is thought to have an association with Mycobacterium tuberculosis it is tempting to suggest that as, in this case, the Mycobacterium ulcerans is the caus-ative agent for his sarcoidosis. Additionally, should we be looking for sarcoidosis in every other case of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection? Other cases of Mycobacterium ulcerans could be assessed. 3. It is suggested that corticosteroids do pave the way for opportunistic infection as in this case. How often does this occur in 'usual practice' where patients are exposed to corticosteroids? Further comments are invited. 4. The question of sterility techniques in the home (daily dressings), the surgery, and at work as a food handler, is noted as a matter of concern. 5. The implications of the problem having any work-related association is also noted in passing.
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SARKANY I. KERATOLYSIS PLANTARE SULCATUM. Br J Dermatol 1965; 77:281-2. [PMID: 14283430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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MABALAY MC, HELWIG EB, TOLENTINO JG, BINFORD CH. THE HISTOPATHOLOGY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF ERYTHEMA NODOSUM LEPROSUM. Int J Lepr 1965; 33:28-49. [PMID: 14282354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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MARINESCO G. [ON A LITTLE-KNOWN FORM OF CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX: THE BULLOUS OR MULTI-BULLOUS FORM]. Presse Med (1893) 1964; 72:2209-10. [PMID: 14186317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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JOB CK, GUDE S, MACADEN VP. ERYTHEMA NODOSUM LEPROSUM. A CLINICO-PATHOLOGIC STUDY. Int J Lepr 1964; 32:177-84. [PMID: 14203324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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MEYER-ROHN J. [BACTERIOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY OF BACTERIAL DERMATOSES]. Z Arztl Fortbild (Jena) 1964; 58:315-23. [PMID: 14171605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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GRIMMER H. [ACRODERMATITIS CHRONICA ATROPHICANS (PSEUDOSCLERODERMATIC CHANGE)]. Z Haut Geschlechtskr 1964; 36:XVII-XXII. [PMID: 14153241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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HAMILTON CV. HEXACHLOROPHENE IN THE CONTROL OF CUTANEOUS BACTERIAL INFECTIONS IN ATHLETES. J Am Coll Health Assoc 1964; 12:322-4. [PMID: 14122633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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DA SILVA JM. 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF LEPROLOGY, RIO DE JANEIRO, 1963. REPORT OF THE ROUND TABLE ON BORDERLINE AND INDETERMINATE LEPROSY. LEPROSY REV 1964; 35:SUPPL15-7. [PMID: 14116688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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HU F, FOSNAUGH RP, LIVINGOOD CS. HUMAN SKIN WINDOW STUDIES. II. COMPARISON OF CELLULAR RESPONSE TO STAPHYLOCOCCUS IN CONTROLS AND IN PATIENTS WITH CUTANEOUS BACTERIAL INFECTIONS. J Invest Dermatol 1963; 41:325-34. [PMID: 14075458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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KLINGBEIL M. [ON THE THERAPY OF INFLAMMATORY, ECZEMATOUS AND BACTERIAL SKIN DISEASES]. Z Haut Geschlechtskr 1963; 35:205-10. [PMID: 14107514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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DANDA J. [INTERNATIONAL INCIDENCE OF ACRODERMATITIS CHRONICA ATROPHICANS]. Hautarzt 1963; 14:337-40. [PMID: 14043921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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KANETSUNA F, OGAWA J, TODA E, NISHIURA M. ICONOGRAPHIA DERMATOLOGICA (13): ERYTHEMA NODOSUM LEPROSUM (ENL). Hifuka Kiyo 1963; 58:107-8. [PMID: 14071302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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CRAMER HJ. [ON THE HISTOPATHOGENESIS OF DERMATITIS ATROPHICANS MACULOSA]. Dermatol Wochenschr 1963; 147:230-7. [PMID: 14162984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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