Evaluation of the impact of different disinfectants on new coronavirus and human health

A new health threat was appeared in 2019 known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The new coronavirus distributed all over the world and caused millions of deaths. One way to incomplete the process of COVID-19 transfer from one person to another is using disinfectants. A narrative review study was done on manuscript published documents about the stability of the virus, different types of disinfectants and the effects of disinfectants on SARS-CoV2 and environment from 2005 to 2022 based on Searched databases included Google Scholar, Springer, PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct (Scopus). All relevant studies published 2005 until 2022 gathered. According to the databases, 670 articles were retrieved. Thirty studies were screened after review and 30 full-text articles entered into the analysis process. Finally, 14 articles were selected in this study. New coronavirus could survive until 9 days in room temperature; the surviving time decreases if temperature increases. The virus can survive in various plastic, glass, and metal surfaces for hours to days. Disinfectants, such as alcohol, isopropanol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and ethanol, can kill 70-90% viruses in up to 30 s but should be noted that these disinfectants are recognized by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) as a potential carcinogen. According to the different reports, increased duration and level of disinfectant exposure can have negative impacts on human and animal health including upper and lower respiratory tract irritation, inflammation, edema, ulceration, and allergic reactions.

The effect of conjugated linoleic acids on inflammation, oxidative stress, body composition and physical performance: a comprehensive review of putative molecular mechanisms

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are polyunsaturated fatty acids primarily found in dairy products and ruminant animal products such as beef, lamb, and butter. Supplementation of CLAs has recently become popular among athletes due to the variety of health-promoting effects, including improvements in physical performance. Preclinical and some clinical studies have shown that CLAs can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress and favorably modulate body composition and physical performance; however, the results of previously published clinical trials are mixed. Here, we performed a comprehensive review of previously published clinical trials that assessed the role of CLAs in modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, body composition, and select indices of physical performance, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms governing these changes. The findings of our review demonstrate that the effect of supplementation with CLAs on inflammation and oxidative stress is controversial, but this supplement can decrease body fat mass and increase physical performance. Future well-designed randomized clinical trials are warranted to determine the effectiveness of (1) specific doses of CLAs; (2) different dosing durations of CLAs; (3) various CLA isomers, and the exact molecular mechanisms by which CLAs positively influence oxidative stress, inflammation, body composition, and physical performance.

Vitamin D and Swimming Exercise Prevent Obesity in Rats under a High-Fat Diet via Targeting FATP4 and TLR4 in the Liver and Adipose Tissue

The prevalence of obesity has risen in the last decades, and it has caused massive health burdens on people's health, especially metabolic and cardiovascular issues. The risk of vitamin D insufficiency is increased by obesity, because adipose tissue alters both the requirements for and bioavailability of vitamin D. Exercise training is acknowledged as having a significant and long-term influence on body weight control; the favorable impact of exercise on obesity and obesity-related co-morbidities has been demonstrated via various mechanisms. The current work illustrated the effects of vitamin D supplementation and exercise on obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and hepatic steatosis in rats and explored how fatty acid transport protein-4 (FATP4) and Toll-like receptor-4 antibodies (TLR4) might be contributing factors to obesity and related hepatic steatosis. Thirty male albino rats were divided into five groups: group 1 was fed a normal-fat diet, group 2 was fed an HFD, group 3 was fed an HFD and given vitamin D supplementation, group 4 was fed an HFD and kept on exercise, and group 5 was fed an HFD, given vitamin D, and kept on exercise. The serum lipid profile adipokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were analyzed, and the pathological changes in adipose and liver tissues were examined. In addition, the messenger-ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of FATP4 and immunohistochemical expression of TLR4 in adipose and liver tissues were evaluated. Vitamin D supplementation and exercise improved HFD-induced weight gain and attenuated hepatic steatosis, along with improving the serum lipid profile, degree of inflammation, and serum adipokine levels. The expression of FATP4 and TLR4 in both adipose tissue and the liver was downregulated; it was noteworthy that the group that received vitamin D and was kept on exercise showed also improvement in the histopathological picture of this group. According to the findings of this research, the protective effect of vitamin D and exercise against obesity and HFD-induced hepatic steatosis is associated with the downregulation of FATP4 and TLR4, as well as a reduction in inflammation.

Osteoporosis treatment by mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and their exosomes: Emphasis on signaling pathways and mechanisms

Osteoporosis is the loss of bone density, which is one of the main problems in developed and developing countries and is more common in the elderly. Because this disease is often not diagnosed until a bone fracture, it can become a life-threatening disease and cause hospitalization. With the increase of older people in a population, this disease's personal and social costs increase year by year and affect different communities. Most current treatments focus on pain relief and usually do not lead to bone tissue recovery and regeneration. But today, the use of stem cell therapy is recommended to treat and improve this disease recovery, which helps restore bone tissue by improving the imbalance in the osteoblast-osteoclast axis. Due to mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) characteristics and their exosomes, these cells and vesicles are excellent sources for treating and preventing the progression and improvement of osteoporosis. Due to the ability of MSCs to differentiate into different cells and migrate to the site of injury, these cells are used in tissue regenerative medicine. Also, due to their contents, the exosomes of these cells help regenerate and treat various tissue injuries by affecting the injury site's cells. In this article, we attempted to review new studies in which MSCs and their exosomes were used to treat osteoporosis.

Various types of electrochemical biosensors for leukemia detection and therapeutic approaches

Leukemia often initiates following dysfunctions in hematopoietic stem cells lineages. Various types of leukemia, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) can thus call for different diagnosis and treatment options. One of the most important subjects in leukemia is the early detection of the disease for effective therapeutic purposes. In this respect, biosensors detecting the molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as analytes are called genosensors or DNA biosensors. Electrochemical sensors, as the most significant approach, also involve reacting of chemical solutions with sensors to generate electrical signals proportional to analyte concentrations. Biosensors can further help detect cancer cells in the early stages of the disease. Moreover, electrochemical biosensors, developed based on various nanomaterials (NMs), can increase sensitivity to the detection of leukemia-related genes, e.g., BCR/ABL as a fusion gene and promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML/RARα). Therefore, the present review reflects on previous studies recruiting different NMs for leukemia detection.

The emerging role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in immunometabolism

The accumulating evidence revealed that microbiota plays a significant function in training, function, and the induction of host immunity. Once this interaction (immune system-microbiota) works correctly, it enables the production of protective responses against pathogens and keeps the regulatory pathways essential for maintaining tolerance to innocent antigens. This concept of immunity and metabolic activity redefines the realm of immunometabolism, paving the way for innovative therapeutic interventions to modulate immune cells through immune metabolic alterations. A body of evidence suggests that microbiota-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate, acetate, and propionate, play a key role in immune balance. SCFAs act on many cell types to regulate various vital biological processes, including host metabolism, intestinal function, and the immune system. Such SCFAs generated by gut bacteria also impact immunity, cellular function, and immune cell fate. This is a new concept of immune metabolism, and better knowledge about how lifestyle affects intestinal immunometabolism is crucial for preventing and treating disease. In this review article, we explicitly focus on the function of SCFAs in the metabolism of immune cells, especially macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells (DCs), B cells, T (Th) helper cells, and cytotoxic T cells (CTLs).

Apigenin alleviates resistance to doxorubicin in breast cancer cells by acting on the JAK/STAT signaling pathway

BACKGROUND

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women. Despite the effectiveness of Doxorubicin (DOX) as a chemotherapeutic for the treatment of breast cancer, the therapy-resistance remains unsolvable. Apigenin is a natural dietary flavonoid with potential anticancer activities. Our study's intention was to evaluate the effect of Apigenin on DOX resistance in MCF-7 cells.

METHODS

DOX-resistant MCF-7 cell line (MCF-7R) was developed by treating MCF-7 cells with increasing concentrations of DOX (0-100 µM). The viability of cell lines was assayed using MTT method. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction method was performed to measure multidrug-resistance 1 (MDR1) gene expression level. The expression of MDR1, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) proteins were determined by western blotting.

RESULTS

MCF-7R cell line showed resistance to DOX in comparison to MCF-7 cells. Apigenin had a significant effect on the reduction of viability of both MCF-7 and MCF-7R cell lines. However, DOX-resistance in the MCF-7 cell line was considerably decreased due to the co-treatment of MCF-7R cells with Apigenin. This natural compound also downregulated the expression of MDR1 at mRNA and protein levels both in resistant and non-resistant cells. Apigenin significantly prohibited the phosphorylation and activation of JAK2 and STAT3 proteins both in MCF-7 and MCF-7R cell lines.

CONCLUSIONS

The present results suggested, for the first time, Apigenin as an ideal therapeutic for ameliorating DOX resistance in breast cancer. These data also proposed a novel mechanism for the anti-resistance activity of Apigenin by regulating the JAK2/STAT3/MDR1 axis.

Effect of Physical Exertion on the effect of physical exertion on the concentration of copper and blood pressure in athletesn the Concentration of Copper and Blood Pressure in Athletes

Background and Study Aim. Several mineral elements are necessary for the athlete's body, which significantly impact the development of sports achievements because of their active role in bringing internal balance to the athlete's body. The study aims to determine the concentration of copper in the blood before and after the implementation of physical exertion at a level of 180 pulse/min on middle-distance runners. Material and Methods. Twelve athletes who are team members at Egyptian clubs were chosen deliberately as a research sample. The study participants were at the end of their special preparation. The experiment was conducted between July 12, 2021, and July 14, 2021, on the research sample, resting after exerting physical effort by running on a treadmill at a speed of 10 km / h. The runner continued at this speed for 3 minutes, after which the device's speed increased by 2 km / h every minute until reaching a heart rate of 180 pulse/ min. Results. The mineral differences in the copper element are attributed to the immediate induced by physical exertion by increasing the copper element in the blood within the normal level. This causes many changes and responses within the body cells. The copper element plays a significant role in oxidation and reduction processes via enzymes that require the copper element to produce energy in the cells and tissues due to the body's exposure to physical exertion. Athletes' exposure to physical exertion causes copper-dependent enzymes to produce energy in cells and tissues due to the element's requirement. Conclusions. Copper affected the physical effort of middle-distance runners at a heart rate of 180 pulse/min. In addition,  Middle-distance runners' blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) was affected by the physical exertion at a heart rate of 180 rpm.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials on the effects of soy and soy products supplementation on serum adiponectin levels

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Our aim in this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of soy and soy product supplementation on serum adiponectin levels.

METHOD

A systematic search was conducted using Medline (PubMed and Web of Science), Scopus, and Cochrane Library for eligible trials up to August 2020. A random-effects model was used to pool calculated effect sizes.

RESULTS

Seven trials were included in the overall analysis. Our analysis showed that soy and soy product supplementation did not significantly affect adiponectin concentrations (WMD = -0.77 μg/ml, 95% CI: -0.61, 2.15, P = 0.27) in comparison with a placebo. The between-study heterogeneity was high (I2: 68.2%, P = 0.004). Subgroup analysis, based on participants' health status and duration of the supplementation, could not detect the potential source of the observed heterogeneity. In addition, subgroup analysis showed that the effect was not statistically significant in all subgroups.

CONCLUSION

Overall, soy and soy product supplementation did not change the circulatory adiponectin levels. In addition, the results were not affected by the participant's health status and duration of supplementation. However, further studies are needed to confirm the present results.

Role of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)-Derived exosomes in tumor progression and survival

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a quickly aggressive hematopoietic disorder that progress due to the accumulation and clonal expansion of immature myeloid cells. Despite the latest developments in AML treatment, repeated relapses and drug resistance remain one of the major challenges in treatment of leukemia. Currently, it is well known that the components of the tumor microenvironment such as cellular and non-cellular elements play a critical function in treatment failures of AML, also they are most common cause of complications including suppression of hematopoiesis. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) that transfer signaling molecules and have attracted a large amount of attention due to their important role in inter-cellular communication in health and disease. Exosomes participate in the survival and chemoresistance of many leukemia through transferring their rich cargos of molecules including miRNAs, growth factors, and cytokines. The key producers of exosomes that mainly participate to AML pathogenesis are bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) and AML cell themselves. These cells release an enormous number of exosomes that affect several target cells such as natural killer (NK) and hematopoietic stem cells to the development of leukemia proliferation and progression. In the present study, a comprehensive review of the literature has been done to briefly discuss the biology of exosomes and highlight the role of exosomes derived from AML in the progress of acute myeloid leukemia.

The role of Pycnogenol in the control of inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic diseases: Molecular aspects

The prevalence of chronic diseases has increased significantly with the rising trend of sedentary lifestyles, reduced physical activity, and dietary modifications in recent decades. Inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in the pathophysiology of several chronic diseases, such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hepatic conditions. Therefore, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of various chronic disorders. Since chronic diseases are not completely curable, various methods have been proposed for their control. Complementary therapies and the use of natural antioxidant and antiinflammatory compounds are among these novel approaches. Pycnogenol (PYC) is a natural compound that could control inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, some previous studies have shown that PYC could effectively reduce inflammation through signaling the downstream of insulin receptors, inhibiting the phosphorylation of the serine residues of insulin receptor substrate-1, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress indices through the stimulation of antioxidant pathways, increasing free radical scavenging activities, preventing lipid peroxidation, and protecting the erythrocytes in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient individuals, although these effects have not been fully proved. The present study aimed to comprehensively review the evidence concerning the positive physiological and pharmacological properties of PYC, with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of this natural component for enhancing human health.

Application of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells as potential therapeutic tools in autoimmune and rheumatic diseases

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proven to have superior potential to be used astherapeutic candidates in various disorders. Nevertheless, the clinical application of these cells have been restricted because of their tumorigenic properties. Increasing evidence has established that the valuable impacts of MSCs are mainly attributable to the paracrine factors including extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are nanosized double-layer phospholipid membrane vesicles contain various proteins, lipids and miRNAs which mediate cell-to-cell communications. Due to their inferior immunogenicity and tumorigenicity, as well as easier management, EVs have drawn attention as potential cell-free replacement therapy to MSCs. For that reason, herein, we reviewed the recent findings of researches on different MSC-EVs and their effectiveness in the treatment of several autoimmune and rheumatic diseases including multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus as well as Sjogren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases.

Cancer combination therapies by angiogenesis inhibitors; a comprehensive review

Abnormal vasculature is one of the most conspicuous traits of tumor tissue, largely contributing to tumor immune evasion. The deregulation mainly arises from the potentiated pro-angiogenic factors secretion and can also target immune cells' biological events, such as migration and activation. Owing to this fact, angiogenesis blockade therapy was established to fight cancer by eliminating the nutrient and oxygen supply to the malignant cells by impairing the vascular network. Given the dominant role of vascular-endothelium growth factor (VEGF) in the angiogenesis process, the well-known anti-angiogenic agents mainly depend on the targeting of its actions. However, cancer cells mainly show resistance to anti-angiogenic agents by several mechanisms, and also potentiated local invasiveness and also distant metastasis have been observed following their administration. Herein, we will focus on clinical developments of angiogenesis blockade therapy, more particular, in combination with other conventional treatments, such as immunotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy, and also cancer vaccines. Video abstract.

Tumor immunotherapies by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); the pros and cons

The main breakthrough in tumor immunotherapy was the discovery of immune checkpoint (IC) proteins, which act as a potent suppressor of the immune system by a myriad of mechanisms. After that, scientists focused on the immune checkpoint molecules mainly. Thereby, much effort was spent to progress novel strategies for suppressing these inhibitory axes, resulting in the evolution of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Then, ICIs have become a promising approach and shaped a paradigm shift in tumor immunotherapies. CTLA-4 plays an influential role in attenuation of the induction of naïve and memory T cells by engagement with its responding ligands like B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86). Besides, PD-1 is predominantly implicated in adjusting T cell function in peripheral tissues through its interaction with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2. Given their suppressive effects on anti-tumor immunity, it has firmly been documented that ICIs based therapies can be practical and rational therapeutic approaches to treat cancer patients. Nonetheless, tumor inherent or acquired resistance to ICI and some treatment-related toxicities restrict their application in the clinic. The current review will deliver a comprehensive overview of the ICI application to treat human tumors alone or in combination with other modalities to support more desired outcomes and lower toxicities in cancer patients. Video Abstract.

Does propolis have any effect on rheumatoid arthritis? A review study

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in its pathophysiology. Complementary therapies along with medications may be effective in the control of RA. Propolis is a natural substance extracted from beehives, which have confirmed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The present study aimed to review the possible effects of propolis on inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid profile in patients with RA. English articles in online databases such as PubMed‑Medline, AMED, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched. Pieces of evidence show that supplementation with propolis may have therapeutic effects on RA patients. Due to increased inflammation and oxidative stress in the affected joints of RA patients, propolis could inhibit the inflammatory cascades by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B pathway and reducing reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and interleukin-17 by increasing some antioxidants. Therefore, inflammation and pain reduce, helping improve and control RA in patients. Further investigations are required with larger sample sizes and different doses of propolis to demonstrate the definite effects of propolis on various aspects of RA.

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and their exosomes application in the treatment of intervertebral disc disease: A promising frontier

Today, the application of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes to treat degenerative diseases has received attention. Due to the characteristics of these cells, such as self-renewability, differentiative and immunomodulatory effects, their use in laboratory and clinical studies shows promising results. However, the allogeneic transplantation problems of MSCs limit the use of these cells in the clinic. Scientists propose the application of exosomes to use from the therapeutic effect of MSCs and overcome their defects. These vesicles change the target cell behaviour and transcription profile by transferring various cargo such as proteins, mi-RNAs, and lipids. One of the degenerative tissue diseases in which MSCs and their exosomes are used in their treatment is intervertebral disc disease (IDD). Different factors such as genetics, nutrition, ageing, and environmental factors play a significant role in the onset and progression of this disease. These factors affect the cellular and molecular properties of the disc, leading to tissue destruction. Nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) are among the most important cells involved in the pathogenesis of disc degeneration. MSCs exert their therapeutic effects by differentiating, reducing apoptosis, increasing proliferation, and decreasing senescence in NPCs. In addition, the use of MSCs and their exosomes also affects the annulus fibrosus and cartilaginous endplate cells in disc tissue and prevents disc degeneration progression.

Life style, dietary patterns and physical activity in different obesity phenotypes of 2–18 years old children in Tabriz, Iran

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the eating habits, physical activity, and body size perception by obesity status among 2–18 years old children in Iran. METHODS: This cross sectional study included 250 children and adolescents aged between 2 and 18. Participants’ anthropometric measurements were measured, adherence of Mediterranean Diet was evaluated by a questionnaire, the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents (KIDMED), body satisfaction, and perception of body size. RESULTS: Mean age of subjects was 9.07±4.80 years, and 52.4% were girls. The KIDMED index score was 16.3% low, 54.3% moderate and 29.4% good. 72.7% of parents with overweight children and 36.4% with obese children, were perceived that their child was normal, and compared with 58.3% of overweight and 7.7% of obese participants perceived normal body size. There were no significant differences between physical activity in any weight status (p >  0.05) and between boys and girls in the KIDMED index and any of foods intake. There was a significant difference in mean differences of KIDMED index in boys in the four obesity statuses (P = 0.04), as well as in food consumption (P = 0.04), except for pulses in boys and girls. CONCLUSION: The percentage of obesity in boys is more compared to girls, the lowest KIDMED index score is for boys in the obesity group. Therefore, adopting healthier dietary habits and lifestyle in childhood is especially important for boys and also for girls.

Effect of curcumin on body mass index and glycemic indices in females with PCOS: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial

Purpose

This paper aims to assess the impact of curcumin supplementation body mass index and glycemic indices in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic search of the literature was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and ISI web of science to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from the earliest record up to February 2021. The authors used a random-effects model to estimate pooled effect sizes.

Findings

A total of four potentially related clinical trials met the inclusion criteria which included a total of 198 participants. Random-effects meta-analysis showed significant effects of curcumin on fasting blood sugar (FBS) (−3.62 mg/dl, 95% CI [−5.65, −1.58], p-value < 0.001, I2 = 0.0%), insulin level (−1.67 µU/mL, 95% CI [−3.06, −0.28], p-value = 0.018, I2 = 0.0%) and homeostasis model of assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (−0.42, 95% CI [−0.76, −0.09], p-value < 0.01, I2 = 0.0%). No evidence of publication bias was discovered in the meta-analyses.

Originality/value

Present systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs showed beneficial effects of curcumin consumption on FBS, insulin level and HOMA-IR in patients with PCOS. However, further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these results.

Studying the Optimal Time for Meals to Circadian Rhythms and Body Health (Application to Hospitality Establishments)

Circadian rhythms, metabolism, and nutrition are closely linked, although the effects of meal timing on the human circadian system are poorly understood. The time factor biological of nature is an essential element for the functioning of cosmic systems. In the event of any defect, many problems come out as a result of this imbalance, and here came whether to change the timing of eating diets has to do with the occurrence of illness in the body and the emergence of diseases of this age such as obesity and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gallbladder - diseases of the colon, liver, and others). Hence the need to research the effect of timing, eating the three meals, and the body's system to resist disease. The study sample was withdrawn from Egyptian and foreign guests in hospitality establishments in Hurghada, Egypt with 300 forms. SPSS statistical program was used, and the research was focused on the body's sympathetic nervous system and its role in regulating the body processes related to metabolism. The timing of waking up and eating meals reached a set of findings and recommendations. The most important ones are the need to amend the healthy track of food and to increase the awareness of educational health, followed by hotels and resorts’ restaurants and room services offering those meals according to the client’s demand and the time they want to eat the meal. Therefore, it is necessary to direct the food operators in the hospitality establishments to prepare the food at the optimum time and to search for the modification of new food trends in line with the nature and the regularity of the diet to prevent diseases.

Chemical and physical features of biological fluids in treatment of hydatid disease

The aim of this paper is to better understand the dynamics of crystallogenic and starting activity in biological fluids of patients throughout surgery and the late postoperative phase in alveococcosis. Samples of saliva from 22 individuals with alveococcosis were included in the research. Biological fluid samples were taken at the time of admission and before the patient was discharged. Following that, slides were made utilizing the teziocrystalloscopy method, which incorporates the investigation of the crystal forming activity of mixed saliva with its starting characteristics using a 0.9 percent sodium chloride solution as the foundation ingredient. Using our own set of criteria, we evaluated the outcomes of crystalloscopic and tezigraphic experiments. Specrophotometric examination of tezigraphic and crystalloscopic facies was done using a PowerWave XS microplate spectrophotometer at wavelengths of 400, 350, and 300 nm to augment the results from ocular morphometry of dried saliva micro slides. Surgical therapy results in a partial normalization of physical and chemical parameters, as well as the composition of the patient's biological fluids after the patient is discharged from the hospital.

Modified Seldinger technique for internal jugular open central venous line insertion in neonates: merging two different manoeuvers

Background

Central venous line insertion in neonates is an important and lifesaving procedure. It can carry significant risks and complications, including death, at the time of insertion or later. We aimed to retrospectively assess the modified Seldinger technique for open placement of a central venous catheter in neonates, regarding its safety, feasibility, operative time, and preservation of the patency of the internal jugular vein. This study was conducted on 120 neonates from March 2018 to March 2020. We closely monitored the pulse for the detection of arrhythmia or bradycardia, which might be caused during the insertion of the guide wire or the tip of the catheter. Post-operative X-ray was done immediately after the end of the procedure for all cases, to determine the site of the central venous catheter and to detect the presence of pneumothorax.

Results

Arrhythmia was observed in 9 cases (7.5%), and blood oozing in 5 cases (4.1%). There were 3 cases of pneumothorax (2.5%), 2 cases of neck hematoma in two cases (1.6%), 6 cases of internal jugular vein thrombosis (5%), and dislodging of the catheter in 3 cases (2.5%). There were no cases of arterial puncture, failure of cannulation, or haemothorax in our study.

Conclusions

The modified Seldinger technique insertion for open central venous line in neonates is a safe, accessible, and feasible method, especially in centers that lack the experience of ultrasound-guided insertion in neonates.

Immunotherapy of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following COVID-19 through mesenchymal stem cells

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new type of coronavirus causing coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) that was first observed in Wuhan, China, in Dec. 2019. An inflammatory immune response targeting children appeared during the pandemic, which was associated with COVID-19 named multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Characteristics of MIS-C include the classic inflammation findings, multi-organ dysfunction, and fever as the cardinal feature. Up to now, no specific therapy has been identified for MIS-C. Currently, considerable progress has been obtained in the MIS-C treatment by cell therapy, specially Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Unique properties have been reported for MSCs, such as various resources for purification of cell, high proliferation, self-renewal, non-invasive procedure, tissue regenerator, multidirectional differentiation, and immunosuppression. As indicated by a recent clinical research, MSCs have the ability of reducing disease inflammation and severity in children with MIS-C. In the present review study, the benefits and characteristics of MSCs and exosomes are discussed for treating patients with MIS-C.

The Impact of Resistance Training on Gene Expression of IGF1 and Athletes’ Physiological Parameters

AIM: The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of a resistance training program for 8 weeks on IGF1, gene expression, and physical performance in male student-athletes. METHODS: The population of this study was 20 male students divided to two equal groups. The parameters estimated were IGF1, gene expression, and muscle strength testing. Blood was drawn to verify the concentration of the variables, using kits and Elisa method in addition to the PCR technique. RESULTS: The results revealed that a significant increase in IGF1, gene expression was different between students. Furthermore, muscle strength testing revealed significant changes. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that resistance training program may impact fitness and muscle strength as well the anabolic activity through IGF1 increase accompanied by varied gene expressions.

THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON THE SUPPORT AND ENHANCE THE NATURAL BEHAVIOR OF STEM CELLS AND CHOSEN PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES FOR PLAYERS ATHLETICS

The CD34+ antigen is a single chain trans membrane glycoprotein, expressed on human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, endothelial progenitor cells, vascular endothelial cells, embryonic fibroblasts and some cells in fetal and adult nervous tissue. The antigen is absent in fully differentiated hematopoietic cells such as lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes, erythrocytes and platelets. Regular physical activity is related to lower rates of CVD, however the mechanisms underlying the benefits of exercise in the prevention of CVD are not fully clear. Exercise may improve the number (Laufs et al., 2005) and function (Hoetzer et al., 2007) of EPCS. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of physical activity on the support and enhance the natural behavior of stem cell CD34+ in aerobic and anaerobic exercise bouts, also after an aerobic and anaerobic training programs and the effect on some physiological parameters. - Results showed that Vo2max increased in aerobic training program than anaerobic one, also in case of aerobic exercise bout compared to anaerobic one. - Lactate concentration was decreased in aerobic training program than anaerobic one, also in case of aerobic exercise bout compared to anaerobic one. - HB, RBCs, WBCs and hematocrit value was increased after aerobic and anaerobic training program and exercise bout. - CD34+ HPC counts were increased in peripheral blood of aerobic and anaerobic training program also in case of anaerobic exercise bout than aerobic one. CD34+ HPC counts are higher in athletes compared to control indicating adaptation induced exercise. Results: VO2 max was increased significantly in case of aerobic training program compared to anaerobic one (63±2.2 ml/kg/min) (55±2.1 ml/kg/min). Hematological values increased significantly in anaerobic program compared to aerobic, RBCs (5.5±0.3 and 4.8±0.2 Mil. /ul), WBCs (6.6±0.5 and 6.1±0.4 Thous/ul), HB (15.4±0.4 and 14.2±0.5 g/de) Hematocrit (4.6±1.2 and 4.4±1.1 %), CD34+ stem cells count increased significantly in case of anaerobic program than aerobic (259.6±21.65 and 131±14.63) and sedentary (173±24.11). These findings suggest that anaerobic training program provoke better adaptation to exercise and stem cell counts may differ between trained and sedentary Circulating immature cells are likely to be involved in angiogenesis and repair process, both mechanisms being associated with strenuous exercise, knowledge of the physiological of effects of training on stem cells might be of potential clinical use.

The Role of Aerobic and Anaerobic Training Programs on CD(34+) Stem Cells and Chosen Physiological Variables

Exercise is one of the most powerful non-pharmacological strategies, which can affect nearly all cells and organs in the body. Changes in the behavior of adult stem cells have been shown to occur in response to exercise. Exercise may act on regenerative potential of tissues by altering the ability to generate new stem cells and differentiated cells that are able to carry out tissue specific functions. The purpose of this study was to reveal the role of aerobic and anaerobic training programs on CD34+ Stem Cells and chosen physiological variables. Twenty healthy male athletes aged 18-24 years were recruited for this study. Healthy low active males and BMI matched participants (n=10) aged 20-22 years were recruited as controls. Aerobic and anaerobic training programs for 12 weeks were conducted. VO2max pulse observation was carried out using the Astrand Rhyming protocol. RBCs, WBCs, HB and hematocrit were estimated using a coulter counter, lactate by the Accusport apparatus, CD34+ stem cells by flow cytometry. VO2max was increased significantly in case of the aerobic training program compared to anaerobic one (62±2.2 ml/kg/min vs. 54±2.1 ml/kg/min). Haemotological values increased significantly in the anaerobic program when compared to the aerobic one, RBCs (5.3±0.3 and 4.9±0.2 mln/ul), WBCs (6.6±0.5 and 6.1±0.4 thous/ul), HB (15.4±0.4 and 14.2±0.5 g/de), Hematocrit (4.6±1.2 and 4.4±1.1 %), CD34+ stem cells count increased significantly in case of the anaerobic program compared to the aerobic (251.6±21.64 and 130±14.61) and sedentary one (172±24.10). These findings suggest that anaerobic training programs provoke better adaptation to exercise and stem cell counts may differ between trained and sedentary subjects. Circulating immature cells are likely to be involved in angiogenesis and repair process, both mechanisms being associated with strenuous exercise. Knowledge of the physiological effects of training on stem cells might be of potential clinical use.