Rehabilitation care of patients with neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury: A literature review

This article reviews the research progress of rehabilitation treatment and nursing care of patients with neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury, in order to provide reference for the rehabilitation treatment and nursing care of patients. We reviewed recent medical literature on patients with neurogenic bladder, focusing on neurogenic bladder caused by spinal cord injury. We analyzed 30 recent of publications in patients with neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury, in addition to reviewing and evaluating the commonly used rehabilitation nursing methods for neurogenic bladder. Psychological counseling is a vital aspect which cannot be neglected in the process of neurogenic bladder rehabilitation. Hitherto, the commonly used drug and surgical treatments may have negatively impacted the mental health of patients in varying degrees. However, in clinical practice, applying intermittent catheterization in patients who have neurogenic bladder with spinal cord injury may help improve patients' life quality, mitigate psychological burden, and reduce negative emotions.

Underlying disease may increase mortality risk in users of atypical antipsychotics

Schizophrenia is a group of the most common types of mental illness. Commonly used antischizophrenia drugs all increase mortality to some extent. The increased risk of death in older individuals and patients with dementia using atypical antipsychotics may be due to myocardial damage, increased mobility and increased risk of stroke.

Underlying reasons for the decline in physical activity during COVID-19

The article not only successfully evaluated regular physical activities can improve mental well-being during self-isolation and social distancing policies related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but also concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to augmented levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2. By reading the article of Walid Kamal Abdelbasset, we have some questions and put forward some suggestions on the content of the article.

Colitis and colorectal tumors should be further explored and differentiated

The original article by Yuichi et al explored whether the Japan Narrow-Band Imaging Expert Team classification and the pit pattern classification are suitable for diagnosing neoplastic lesions in patients with ulcerative colitis. In this letter, we offer some other perspectives. Risk factors for colorectal tumors include type 2 diabetes. Among genetic factors, the deletion or mutation of some genes, such as the p53 gene, can lead to colorectal tumors. There are significant gender differences in the occurrence and development of colorectal tumors. Some non-genetic factors, such as smoking, are also associated with the development of colorectal tumors. These all suggest that colorectal tumors are not only caused by ulcerative colitis, and we suggest further exploration and differentiation between colitis and colorectal tumors.

Fuzhuan brick tea affects obesity process by modulating gut microbiota

The effect of Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) on metabolism in obese mice is mediated by regulation of N-methyltransferase by aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The expression of the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene is regulated by many transcription factors, and those specific to this effect need further investigation. Experimental animal studies have been designed to observe the effects of a single drug or the sequential effects of drugs. A washout period should be included if different drugs (e.g., antibiotics and FBT) are given to avoid or reduce additive effects or synergy. Currently, most experimental studies performed in mice used only male animals. However, experience has revealed that the results of using only male mice are very likely to have sex differences.

Disordered Eating Attitudes Among University Students: The Role of Psychological Distress

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between psychological distress and disordered eating attitudes.

METHODS

The study design was cross-sectional study. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (ghq-12) and Eating Attitude Test-26 (eat-26) were used to measure psychological distress and disordered eating attitudes, respectively. The data were analyzed using spss version 20.0 Software (spss Inc, ii, Chicago, il, usa). Description statistics were used for height, weight, bmi), age, eat-26 scores and ghq-12 scores. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between the eat-26 scores and the ghq-12 scores.

RESULTS

The overall prevalence of disordered eating attitudes was 4.6%. The mean ghq-12 score in subjects with disordered eating attitude was higher than that of the control group (P < .05) in both the male and female groups.

CONCLUSION

Our study suggested that psychological distress is associated with disordered eating attitudes. Bmi and gender turned out to not be correlated with disordered eating attitude. The findings of this study revealed that university students who have psychological distress also have a tendency toward disordered eating attitudes.

Stem cell therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration: Clinical progress with exosomes and gene vectors

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a leading cause of lower back pain and is characterized by pathological processes such as nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis, extracellular matrix imbalance, and annulus fibrosus rupture. These pathological changes result in disc height loss and functional decline, potentially leading to disc herniation. This comprehensive review aimed to address the current challenges in intervertebral disc degeneration treatment by evaluating the regenerative potential of stem cell-based therapies, with a particular focus on emerging technologies such as exosomes and gene vector systems. Through mechanisms such as differentiation, paracrine effects, and immunomodulation, stem cells facilitate extracellular matrix repair and reduce nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis. Despite recent advancements, clinical applications are hindered by challenges such as hypoxic disc environments and immune rejection. By analyzing recent preclinical and clinical findings, this review provided insights into optimizing stem cell therapy to overcome these obstacles and highlighted future directions in the field.

Association between tobacco exposure and bladder cancer recurrence: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

However, the connection between smoking and the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer remains unclear.

AIM

To determine whether smoking is linked to the recurrence and progression of bladder cancer.

METHODS

As of July 20, 2022, relevant English-language research was identified by searching PubMed, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. We pooled the available data from the included studies using a random effects model. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also conducted.

RESULTS

A total of 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The combined analysis revealed that tobacco exposure was associated with a significantly greater recurrence rate than nonsmoking status [odd ratios (OR) = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.84-2.93], and the progression of bladder cancer was significantly greater in smokers than in nonsmokers (OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.02-1.44). Stratified analysis further revealed that current smokers were more likely to experience relapse than never-smokers were (OR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.11-3.07). Former smokers also had a greater risk of relapse than did never-smokers (OR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.09-2.73). Subgroup analysis indicated that non-Caucasians may be more susceptible to bladder cancer recurrence than Caucasians are (OR = 2.13, 95%CI: 1.74-2.61).

CONCLUSION

This meta-analysis revealed that tobacco exposure may be a significant risk factor for both the recurrence and progression of bladder cancer.

The pathogenesis and regulatory role of HIF-1 in rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune disease that involves the overgrowth and inflammation of synovial tissue, leading to the degeneration and impairment of joints. In recent years, numerous studies have shown a close relationship between the hypoxic microenvironment in joints and the occurrence and progression of RA. The main cause of the pathological changes in RA is widely believed to be the abnormal expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in joints. This paper describes and illustrates the structure and primary functions of HIF-1 and explains the main regulatory methods of HIF-1, including the PHDs/HIF-1 α/pVHL pathway, factor-inhibiting HIF (FIH), regulation of inflammatory cytokines, and the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, this paper discusses the mechanism of HIF-1 and its impact on inflammation, angiogenesis, and cartilage destruction in greater detail. We summarize previous research findings on the mechanism of HIF-1 and propose new potential treatments for RA based on the pathogenesis of HIF-1 in RA.

Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in ADIPOQ gene with risk of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Hypertension has been continuing to be a major contributor to the global burden of disease and to the global mortality, leading to over 10 million deaths each year. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between Adiponectin gene polymorphism with Essential hypertension (EH).

METHODS

PubMed, EMbase, the Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched independently by two investigators. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to estimate the associations of Adiponectin polymorphism with EH.

RESULTS

Thirteen studies with 3198 cases and 3076 controls for meta-analysis (MA) were included in present study. Pooled results showed that rs2241766 polymorphism is associated with the risk of EH in the allelic model (G vs. T: OR=1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.21). In the <40 years subgroup, rs2241766 polymorphism is associated with the risk of EH in allele model (G vs. T: OR=1.43; 95% CI, 1.06-1.94), recessive model (GG vs. GT + TT: OR=5.26, 95% CI=1.47-18.76), homozygous model of GG (GG vs.TT: OR=5.27, 95% CI=1.47-18.95), and rs266729 in recessive model (GG vs. GT + TT: OR=2.33, 95% CI=1.33-4.08).

CONCLUSIONS

Our meta-analysis results show that the rs2241766 polymorphism is associated with the risk of hypertension. There still need a larger sample with better design to verify.

Colorectal cancer screening: The value of early detection and modern challenges

The screening of colorectal cancer (CRC) is pivotal for both the prevention and treatment of this disease, significantly improving early-stage tumor detection rates. This advancement not only boosts survival rates and quality of life for patients but also reduces the costs associated with treatment. However, the adoption of CRC screening methods faces numerous challenges, including the technical limitations of both noninvasive and invasive methods in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, socioeconomic factors such as regional disparities, economic conditions, and varying levels of awareness affect screening uptake. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic further intensified these cha-llenges, leading to reduced screening participation and increased waiting periods. Additionally, the growing prevalence of early-onset CRC necessitates innovative screening approaches. In response, research into new methodologies, including artificial intelligence-based systems, aims to improve the precision and accessibility of screening. Proactive measures by governments and health organizations to enhance CRC screening efforts are underway, including increased advocacy, improved service delivery, and international cooperation. The role of technological innovation and global health collaboration in advancing CRC screening is undeniable. Technologies such as artificial intelligence and gene sequencing are set to revolutionize CRC screening, making a significant impact on the fight against this disease. Given the rise in early-onset CRC, it is crucial for screening strategies to continually evolve, ensuring their effectiveness and applicability.

Diagnostic value of combining preoperative inflammatory markers ratios with CA199 for patients with early-stage pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND

An early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) is extremely difficult because of the lack of sensitive liquid biopsy methods and effective biomarkers. We attempted to evaluate whether circulating inflammatory marker could complement CA199 for the detection of early-stage PC.

METHODS

We enrolled 430 patients with early-stage PC, 287 patients with other pancreatic tumors (OPT), and 401 healthy controls (HC). The patients and HC were randomly divided into a training set (n = 872) and two testing sets (n1 = 218, n2 = 28). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were investigated to evaluate the diagnostic performance of circulating inflammatory markers ratios, CA199, and combinations of the markers ratios in the training set, which would then be validated in the two testing sets.

RESULTS

Circulating fibrinogen, neutrophils, and monocytes in patients with PC were significantly higher while circulating albumin, prealbumin, lymphocytes, and platelets of patients with PC were significantly lower compared to those of HC and OPT (all P < 0.05). The fibrinogen-to-albumin (FAR), fibrinogen-to-prealbumin (FPR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR), and fibrinogen-to-lymphocyte (FLR) ratios were significantly higher while the prognostic nutrition index values (PNI) were lower in patients with PC than in HC and OPT (all P < 0.05). Combining the FAR, FPR, and FLR with CA199 exhibited the best diagnostic value for distinguishing patients with early-stage PC from HC with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.964, and for distinguishing patients with early-stage PC from OPT with an AUC of 0.924 in the training sets. In the testing set, compared with HC, the combination markers had powerful efficiency for PC with an AUC 0.947 and AUC 0.942 when comparing PC with OPT. The AUC was 0.915 for the combination of CA199, FAR, FPR, and FLR for differentiating between patients with pancreatic head cancer (PHC) and other pancreatic head tumors (OPHT), and 0.894 for differentiating between patients with pancreatic body and tail cancer (PBTC) and other pancreatic body and tail tumors (OPBTT).

CONCLUSION

A combination of FAR, FPR, FLR, and CA199 may serve as a potential non-invasive biomarker for differentiating early-stage PC from HC and OPT, especially early-stage PHC.

Optimization and advances in negative pressure wound therapy for the management of necrotizing fasciitis in the upper limb

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressing, life-threatening soft tissue infection, with upper limb NF posing a particularly serious threat to patient survival and quality of life. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has shown considerable advantages in accelerating wound healing and mitigating functional impairment. A retrospective study by Lipatov et al. demonstrated that NPWT significantly reduced the time needed for wound closure preparation while enhancing the success rate of local repair. Despite its benefits, certain limitations highlight the need for further optimization. This paper investigates the potential for personalized dynamic regulation of NPWT, its integration with adjunctive therapies, and the role of multidisciplinary collaboration. Furthermore, it explores the incorporation of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, imaging modalities, and biomaterials, presenting novel pathways for the personalized management and global standardization of NF treatment.

Skinny people serum factors promote the differentiation of multipotent stem cells into brown adipose tissue

The original study by Alessio et al reported that skinny people (SP) serum can promote the formation of brown adipocytes, but not the differentiation of white adipocytes. This finding may explain why SP do not often become obese, despite consuming more calories than the body needs. More importantly, they demonstrated that circulating factors in SP serum can promote the expression of UCP-1 protein, thereby reducing fat accumulation. In this study, only male serum samples were evaluated to avoid the interference of sex hormones in experiments, but adult males also synthesize estrogen, which is produced by the cells of the testes. At the same time, adult females secrete androgens, and females synthesize androgens that are mainly produced by the adrenal cortex. We believe that the approach of excluding sex hormone interference by sex selection alone may be flawed, so we comment on the article and debate the statistical analysis of the article.

Unraveling the biological link between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer: Insights and implications

This article is a comprehensive study based on research on the connection between diabetes mellitus (DM) and prostate cancer (PCa). It investigates the potential role of DM as an independent risk factor for PCa, delving into the biological links, including insulin resistance and hormonal changes. The paper critically analyzes previous studies that have shown varying results and introduces mendelian randomization as a method for establishing causality. It emphasizes the importance of early DM screening and lifestyle modifications in preventing PCa, and proposes future research directions for further under-standing the DM - PCa relationship.

Comment "Asymptomatic small intestinal ulcerative lesions: Obesity and Helicobacter pylori are likely to be risk factors"

There are many causes of anemia. It is unreasonable to simply associate anemia with asymptomatic ulcers in the small intestine.

Glucose substrate in the hydrogen breath test for gut microbiota determination: A recommended noninvasive test

Intestinal dysbiosis and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) are common in patients with liver cirrhosis. Existing studies have not explored the association between gut dysbiosis and SIBO. We propose some suggestions for the authors' experimental methods and concepts, and we hope these suggestions can be adopted. The hydrogen breath test is worthy of recommendation due to its high accuracy and convenient operation. We suggest changing the substrate of the hydrogen breath test from lactulose to glucose to improve the accuracy of each parameter. SIBO is a small subset of gut dysbiosis, and we propose clarifying the concept of both. SIBO may be caused by liver cirrhosis or one of the pathogeneses of gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, interference from other gastrointestinal diseases should be excluded from this study.

Orthopedic revolution: The emerging role of nanotechnology

This review summarizes the latest progress in orthopedic nanotechnology, explores innovative applications of nanofibers in tendon repair, and evaluates the potential of selenium and cerium oxide nanoparticles in osteoarthritis and osteoblast differentiation. This review also describes the emerging applications of injectable hydrogels in cartilage engineering, emphasizing the critical role of interdisciplinary research and highlighting the challenges and future prospects of integrating nanotechnology into orthopedic clinical practice. This comprehensive approach provides a holistic perspective on the transformative impact of nanotechnology in orthopedics, offering valuable insights for future research and clinical applications.

Advances in 3D correction of adolescent scoliosis: The superiority of scoliocorrector fatma-UI in rotational realignment

This letter compares the clinical efficacy and economic feasibility of the scoliocorrector fatma-UI (SCFUI) with direct vertebral rotation (DVR) in treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). SCFUI has shown promising results in three-dimensional spinal correction, providing superior rotational alignment compared to DVR and achieving significant improvements in coronal and sagittal planes. Additionally, SCFUI's advanced design reduces risks associated with AIS surgeries and enhances overall patient outcomes. Economic analysis reveals SCFUI as a cost-effective option, potentially lowering long-term healthcare costs by minimizing complications and revisions. Our findings suggest that SCFUI is a viable, innovative approach in AIS treatment, meeting clinical and economic demands in orthopedic care.