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Hibino M, Hamashima C, Iwata M, Terasawa T. Radiographic and endoscopic screening to reduce gastric cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] [Imported: 09/21/2023]
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Huang RJ, Epplein M, Hamashima C, Choi IJ, Lee E, Deapen D, Woo Y, Tran T, Shah SC, Inadomi JM, Greenwald DA, Hwang JH. An Approach to the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Gastric Cancer in the United States. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:2218-2228.e2. [PMID: 34624563 PMCID: PMC8983795 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] [Imported: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of mortality among certain racial, ethnic, and immigrant groups in the United States (US). The majority of GCs are diagnosed at advanced stages, and overall survival remains poor. There exist no structured national strategies for GC prevention in the US. METHODS On March 5-6, 2020 a summit of researchers, policy makers, public funders, and advocacy leaders was convened at Stanford University to address this critical healthcare disparity. After this summit, a writing group was formed to critically evaluate the effectiveness, potential benefits, and potential harms of methods of primary and secondary prevention through structured literature review. This article represents a consensus statement prepared by the writing group. RESULTS The burden of GC is highly inequitably distributed in the US and disproportionately falls on Asian, African American, Hispanic, and American Indian/Alaskan Native populations. In randomized controlled trials, strategies of Helicobacter pylori testing and treatment have been demonstrated to reduce GC-specific mortality. In well-conducted observational and ecologic studies, strategies of endoscopic screening have been associated with reduced GC-specific mortality. Notably however, all randomized controlled trial data (for primary prevention) and the majority of observational data (for secondary prevention) are derived from non-US sources. CONCLUSIONS There exist substantial, high-quality data supporting GC prevention derived from international studies. There is an urgent need for cancer prevention trials focused on high-risk immigrant and minority populations in the US. The authors offer recommendations on how strategies of primary and secondary prevention can be applied to the heterogeneous US population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Meira Epplein
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, and Cancer Risk, Detection, and Interception Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Il Ju Choi
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dennis Deapen
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yanghee Woo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Thuy Tran
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Shailja C Shah
- Gastroenterology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California; Division of Gastroenterology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John M Inadomi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - David A Greenwald
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Joo Ha Hwang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
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Hamashima C. Forthcoming Step in Gastric Cancer Prevention: How Can Risk Stratification Be Combined with Endoscopic Screening for Gastric Cancer? Gut Liver 2022; 16:811-824. [PMID: 35314519 DOI: 10.5009/gnl210313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the concern for gastric cancer prevention has increased, gastric cancer has remained a heavy burden worldwide and is not just a local issue in East Asian countries. However, as several screening programs (listed below) have shown some success, it is important to determine whether the situation is changing in some other countries and whether similar methods should be recommended. Endoscopic screening has been performed as a national program in South Korea and Japan, and the results have shown a reduction in gastric cancer mortality. Although the efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication has been established, the efficacy of the screen-and-treat strategy is presently being evaluated in randomized controlled trials. The serum pepsinogen test and endoscopic examination can divide high-risk subjects with severe gastric atrophy from average-risk subjects. Risk stratification is anticipated to contribute to an efficient method of prediction of gastric cancer development when combined with endoscopic screening. Countries with a high incidence rate should realize the immediate need to reduce gastric cancer death directly by endoscopic screening and should recognize screen-and-treat as a second option to reduce future risk. However, all forms of gastric cancer prevention programs have some harms and potential to increase unnecessary examinations. A balance of the benefits and harms should be always considered. Although further study is needed to obtain sufficient evidence for gastric cancer prevention, the best available method should be examined in the context of each country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Hamashima
- Health Policy Section, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Bouvard V, Wentzensen N, Mackie A, Berkhof J, Brotherton J, Giorgi-rossi P, Kupets R, Smith R, Arrossi S, Bendahhou K, Canfell K, Chirenje ZM, Chung MH, del Pino M, de Sanjosé S, Elfström M, Franco EL, Hamashima C, Hamers FF, Herrington CS, Murillo R, Sangrajrang S, Sankaranarayanan R, Saraiya M, Schiffman M, Zhao F, Arbyn M, Prendiville W, Indave Ruiz BI, Mosquera-metcalfe I, Lauby-secretan B. The IARC Perspective on Cervical Cancer Screening. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2022; 77:154-6. [DOI: 10.1097/ogx.0000000000001017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] [Imported: 09/21/2023]
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Terasawa T, Hosono S, Sasaki S, Hoshi K, Hamashima Y, Katayama T, Hamashima C. Comparative accuracy of cervical cancer screening strategies in healthy asymptomatic women: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:94. [PMID: 34997127 PMCID: PMC8741996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] [Imported: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare all available accuracy data on screening strategies for identifying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade ≥ 2 in healthy asymptomatic women, we performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched up to October 2020 for paired-design studies of cytology and testing for high-risk genotypes of human papillomavirus (hrHPV). The methods used included a duplicate assessment of eligibility, double extraction of quantitative data, validity assessment, random-effects network meta-analysis of test accuracy, and GRADE rating. Twenty-seven prospective studies (185,269 subjects) were included. The combination of cytology (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or higher grades) and hrHPV testing (excepting genotyping for HPV 16 or 18 [HPV16/18]) with the either-positive criterion (OR rule) was the most sensitive/least specific, whereas the same combination with the both-positive criterion (AND rule) was the most specific/least sensitive. Compared with standalone cytology, non-HPV16/18 hrHPV assays were more sensitive/less specific. Two algorithms proposed for primary cytological testing or primary hrHPV testing were ranked in the middle as more sensitive/less specific than standalone cytology and the AND rule combinations but more specific/less sensitive than standalone hrHPV testing and the OR rule combination. Further research is needed to assess these results in population-relevant outcomes at the program level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Terasawa
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Emergency and General Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Satoyo Hosono
- Division of Cancer Screening Assessment and Management, Center for Public Health Science, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiju Sasaki
- Center for Preventive Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital Affiliated Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keika Hoshi
- Center for Public Health Informatics, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan
| | - Yuri Hamashima
- Department of Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Takafumi Katayama
- Department of Statistics and Computer Science, College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chisato Hamashima
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Hibino M, Hamashima C, Iwata M, Terasawa T. Effectiveness of decision aids on cancer-screening decision-making: an umbrella review protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051156. [PMID: 34880016 PMCID: PMC8655570 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] [Imported: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although systematic reviews have shown how decision aids about cancer-related clinical decisions improve selection of key options and shared decision-making, whether or not particular decision aids, defined by their specific presentation formats, delivery methods and other attributes, can perform better than others in the context of cancer-screening decisions is uncertain. Therefore, we planned an overview to address this issue by using standard umbrella review methods to repurpose existing systematic reviews and their component comparative studies. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will search PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects from inception through 31 December 2021 with no language restriction and perform full-text evaluation of potentially relevant articles. We will include systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials or non-randomised studies of interventions that assessed a decision aid about cancer-screening decisions and compared it with an alternative tool or conventional management in healthy average-risk adults. Two reviewers will extract data and rate the study validity according to standard quality assessment measures. Our primary outcome will be intended and actual choice and adherence to selected options. The secondary outcomes will include attributes of the option-selection process, achieving shared decision-making and preference-linked psychosocial outcomes. We will qualitatively assess study, patient and intervention characteristics and outcomes. We will also take special care to investigate the presentation format, delivery methods and quality of the included decision aids and assess the degree to which the decision aid was delivered and used as intended. If appropriate, we will perform random-effects model meta-analyses to quantitatively synthesise the results. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is not applicable as this is a secondary analysis of publicly available data. The review results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021235957.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Hibino
- Department of Emergency Medicine and General Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chisato Hamashima
- Health Policy Section, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsunaga Iwata
- Department of Emergency Medicine and General Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Terasawa
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and General Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Bouvard V, Wentzensen N, Mackie A, Berkhof J, Brotherton J, Giorgi-Rossi P, Kupets R, Smith R, Arrossi S, Bendahhou K, Canfell K, Chirenje ZM, Chung MH, Del Pino M, de Sanjosé S, Elfström M, Franco EL, Hamashima C, Hamers FF, Herrington CS, Murillo R, Sangrajrang S, Sankaranarayanan R, Saraiya M, Schiffman M, Zhao F, Arbyn M, Prendiville W, Indave Ruiz BI, Mosquera-Metcalfe I, Lauby-Secretan B. The IARC Perspective on Cervical Cancer Screening. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:1908-1918. [PMID: 34758259 DOI: 10.1056/nejmsr2030640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] [Imported: 09/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Bouvard
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Anne Mackie
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Johannes Berkhof
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Julia Brotherton
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Paolo Giorgi-Rossi
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Rachel Kupets
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Robert Smith
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Silvina Arrossi
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Karima Bendahhou
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Karen Canfell
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Z Mike Chirenje
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Michael H Chung
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Marta Del Pino
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Silvia de Sanjosé
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Miriam Elfström
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Chisato Hamashima
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Françoise F Hamers
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - C Simon Herrington
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Raúl Murillo
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Suleeporn Sangrajrang
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Mona Saraiya
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Mark Schiffman
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Fanghui Zhao
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Marc Arbyn
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Walter Prendiville
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Blanca I Indave Ruiz
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Isabel Mosquera-Metcalfe
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
| | - Béatrice Lauby-Secretan
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) - both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) - all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council - both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King's Cross, NSW, Australia (K.C.); the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (Z.M.C.); Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona (M.P.); PATH, Seattle (S. de Sanjosé); Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (M.E.); McGill University, Montreal (E.F.); Teikyo University, and the National Cancer Center - both in Tokyo (C.H.); the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (C.S.H.); Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (R.M.); the National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand (S. Sangrajrang); Research Triangle Institute International, New Delhi, India (R. Sankaranarayanan); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (F.Z.); and Sciensano, Brussels (M.A.)
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Hamashima C. Emerging technologies for cervical cancer screening. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021; 51:1462-1470. [PMID: 34245284 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] [Imported: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer remains a concern worldwide, and cervical cancer screening plays an important role in reducing the burden of this disease. Although cytology is still the main strategy for cervical cancer screening, it has gradually changed to human papillomavirus testing. The specificity of human papillomavirus testing is lower than that of cytology, which leads to an increased rate of colposcopy after positive results. To decrease colposcopic examinations, an efficient triage method is needed for human papillomavirus screening. New biomarkers have been developed and evaluated for primary screening and triage of abnormal cytology or human papillomavirus-positive results. Their sensitivity and specificity were estimated and compared with those of cytology. In the present study, the following new techniques were examined: p16/Ki67 dual staining, DNA methylation, micro-ribonucleic acid, chromosomal abnormalities, Claudins and DNA ploidy. Evaluation studies of p16/Ki67 dual staining and DNA methylation were more advanced than those of other options. When p16/Ki67 dual staining was used for triage for human papillomavirus testing, the sensitivity of 2 or greater cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) detection was higher than that of cytology without decreased specificity. Although there are several types of DNA methylation, sensitivity and specificity were moderate for detecting CIN2+. S5 classifier is a commercialized product that consists of viral methylation, and high sensitivity with decreased specificity has been reported. Considering its combination with self-sampling, DNA methylation is a highly anticipated technique along with human papillomavirus testing for the next generation of cervical cancer screening. However, the backgrounds for cervical cancer screening differ among countries and further study is needed to identify the best available method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Hamashima
- Health Policy Section, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Itabashi City, Tokyo, Japan
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Hamashima C, Sasaki S, Hosono S, Hoshi K, Katayama T, Terasawa T. National Data Analysis and Systematic Review for Human Resources for Cervical Cancer Screening in Japan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:1695-1702. [PMID: 34181323 PMCID: PMC8418842 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.6.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cervical cancer screening has been performed as a national program since 1983 in Japan, the participation rate has remained below 20%. Equity of access is a basic requirement for cancer screening. However, taking smears from the cervix has been limited to gynecologists or obstetricians in Japan and it might be a barrier for accessibility. We examined the current access and its available human resources for cervical cancer screening in Japan. METHODS We analyzed the number of gynecologists and obstetricians among 47 prefectures based on a national survey. A systematic review was performed to clarify disparity and use of human resources in cervical cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment for cervical cancers in Japan. Candidate literature was searched using Ovid-MEDLINE and Ichushi-Web until the end of January 2020. Then, a systematic review regarding accessibility to cervical cancer screening was performed. The results of the selected articles were summarized in the tables. RESULTS Although the total number of all physicians in Japan increased from 1996 to 2016, the proportion of gynecologists and obstetricians has remained at approximately 5% over the last 2 decades. 43.6% of municipalities have no gynecologists and obstetricians in 2016. Through a systematic review, 4 English articles and 1 Japanese article were selected. From these 5 articles, the association between human resources and participation rates in cervical cancer screening was examined in 2 articles. CONCLUSIONS The human resources for taking smears for cervical cancer screening has remained insufficient with a huge disparity among municipalities in Japan. To improve accessibility for cervical cancer screening another option which may be considered could be involving general physicians as potential smear takers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Hamashima
- Health Policy Section, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-1211, Japan.
| | - Seiju Sasaki
- Center for Preventive Medicine, St. Luke’s International Hospital, 8-1 Akashi-cho Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-6591, Japan.
| | - Satoyo Hosono
- Cancer Screening Assessment Section, Division of Screening Assessment and Management, Center for Public Health Science, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Cyuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Keika Hoshi
- Center for Public Health Informatics, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako 351-0197, Japan.
- Department of Hygiene, Kitazato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitazato Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374 Japan.
| | - Takafumi Katayama
- College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo Prefecture, 13-71 Kita-Ohji, Akashi 673-8588, Japan.
| | - Teruhiko Terasawa
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Emergency and General Internal, Medicine, Fujita Medical University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
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Hamashima C, Yoshimura K, Fukao A. A study protocol for expanding the screening interval of endoscopic screening for gastric cancer based on individual risks: prospective cohort study of gastric cancer screening. Ann Transl Med 2020; 8:1604. [PMID: 33437803 PMCID: PMC7791261 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Background The Japanese government has recommended a 2-year endoscopic screening interval for gastric cancer. However, insufficient resources have constrained participation in endoscopic screening for gastric cancer. One way to avoid endoscopic screening harms and provide equal access is to define the appropriate screening interval. Methods To expand screening interval from more than 2 years for low-risk group, a single-arm cohort of endoscopic screening started. At the baseline screening, the participants underwent endoscopic screening for gastric cancer, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibody test, and serum pepsinogen test (first year), and followed after 2 and 4 years (within the first 5 years). We also assessed H. pylori infection and atrophy status on images of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at the baseline. A new screening model will be developed by dividing the participants into high-risk and low-risk groups based on demographics, history of H. pylori eradication, serological testing, and endoscopic diagnosis. The cumulative gastric cancer incidence after negative results at baseline are compared between the low-risk group on the 3rd screening round after 4 years from baseline and the total screening group on the 2nd screening round after 2 years. If the cumulative gastric cancer incidence in the low-risk group on the 3rd screening round is lower than that in the total screening group on the 2nd screening round, the screening interval can be expanded to 4 years in the low-risk group. Discussion To reduce mortality from gastric cancer, a high participation rate of the target population is required. The screening interval of endoscopic screening can be changed if the individual risks for H. pylori infection are clarified. Our goal in this study is to obtain relevant data that can be used to improve the efficient use of endoscopic screening for gastric cancer by referring to individual risks in Japan. Trial registration UMIN000025839 (University Hospital Medical Information Network, Japan)
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Hamashima
- Health Policy Section, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshimura
- Future Medical Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Hirai K, Ishikawa Y, Fukuyoshi J, Yonekura A, Harada K, Shibuya D, Yamamoto S, Mizota Y, Hamashima C, Saito H. Correction to: Tailored message interventions versus typical messages for increasing participation in colorectal cancer screening among a non-adherent population: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1730. [PMID: 33198697 PMCID: PMC7670689 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] [Imported: 09/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hirai
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Ishikawa
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuhiro Harada
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shibuya
- Cancer Detection Center, Miyagi Cancer Society, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Yamamoto
- Public Health Policy Research Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Mizota
- Public Health Policy Research Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisato Hamashima
- Screening Assessment and Management Division, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Screening Assessment and Management Division, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Huang RJ, Koh H, Hwang JH, Abnet CC, Alarid-Escudero F, Amieva MR, Bruce MG, Camargo MC, Chan AT, Choi IJ, Corvalan A, Davis JL, Deapen D, Epplein M, Greenwald DA, Hamashima C, Hur C, Inadomi JM, Ji HP, Jung HY, Lee E, Lin B, Palaniappan LP, Parsonnet J, Peek RM, Piazuelo MB, Rabkin CS, Shah SC, Smith A, So S, Stoffel EM, Umar A, Wilson KT, Woo Y, Yeoh KG. A Summary of the 2020 Gastric Cancer Summit at Stanford University. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:1221-1226. [PMID: 32707045 PMCID: PMC7577947 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] [Imported: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
There exists no coherent national strategy for the early detection or prevention of gastric cancer in the United States (US), even among identified high-risk groups such as Asian Americans, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Alaska Native/American Indian peoples. As a result, patients with gastric cancer in the US are diagnosed at later stages and demonstrate worse overall survival compared to nations of East Asia with established screening programs (Table 1). The under-recognition of gastric cancer risk within minority communities is a significant unaddressed healthcare disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Howard Koh
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Joo Ha Hwang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
| | | | - Christian C. Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Fernando Alarid-Escudero
- Division of Public Administration, Center for Research and Teaching in Economics, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Manuel R. Amieva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University
| | - Michael G. Bruce
- Arctic Investigations Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK
| | - M. Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Il Ju Choi
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Alejandro Corvalan
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jeremy L. Davis
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dennis Deapen
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Meira Epplein
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, and Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC
| | - David A. Greenwald
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Chin Hur
- Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - John M. Inadomi
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Hanlee P. Ji
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Hwoon-Yong Jung
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Bryant Lin
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Latha P. Palaniappan
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Julie Parsonnet
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Charles S. Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Shailja C. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Aki Smith
- Hope for Stomach Cancer, Marina Del Rey, CA
| | - Samuel So
- The Asian Liver Center, Stanford University
| | - Elena M. Stoffel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Asad Umar
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Yanghee Woo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Khay Guan Yeoh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Lopes G, Stern MC, Temin S, Sharara AI, Cervantes A, Costas-Chavarri A, Engineer R, Hamashima C, Ho GF, Huitzil FD, Moghani MM, Nandakumar G, Shah MA, Teh C, Manjarrez SEV, Verjee A, Yantiss R, Correa MC. Early Detection for Colorectal Cancer: ASCO Resource-Stratified Guideline. J Glob Oncol 2020; 5:1-22. [PMID: 30802159 PMCID: PMC6426543 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] [Imported: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide resource-stratified, evidence-based recommendations on the early detection of colorectal cancer in four tiers to clinicians, patients, and caregivers. METHODS American Society of Clinical Oncology convened a multidisciplinary, multinational panel of medical oncology, surgical oncology, surgery, gastroenterology, health technology assessment, cancer epidemiology, pathology, radiology, radiation oncology, and patient advocacy experts. The Expert Panel reviewed existing guidelines and conducted a modified ADAPTE process and a formal consensus-based process with additional experts (Consensus Ratings Group) for two round(s) of formal ratings. RESULTS Existing sets of guidelines from eight guideline developers were identified and reviewed; adapted recommendations form the evidence base. These guidelines, along with cost-effectiveness analyses, provided evidence to inform the formal consensus process, which resulted in agreement of 75% or more. CONCLUSION In nonmaximal settings, for people who are asymptomatic, are ages 50 to 75 years, have no family history of colorectal cancer, are at average risk, and are in settings with high incidences of colorectal cancer, the following screening options are recommended: guaiac fecal occult blood test and fecal immunochemical testing (basic), flexible sigmoidoscopy (add option in limited), and colonoscopy (add option in enhanced). Optimal reflex testing strategy for persons with positive screens is as follows: endoscopy; if not available, barium enema (basic or limited). Management of polyps in enhanced is as follows: colonoscopy, polypectomy; if not suitable, then surgical resection. For workup and diagnosis of people with symptoms, physical exam with digital rectal examination, double contrast barium enema (only in basic and limited); colonoscopy; flexible sigmoidoscopy with biopsy (if contraindication to latter) or computed tomography colonography if contraindications to two endoscopies (enhanced only).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Lopes
- University of Miami, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sarah Temin
- American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fidel David Huitzil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Govind Nandakumar
- Columbia Asia Hospitals, Bangalore, India, and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Manish A Shah
- New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Azmina Verjee
- Homerton University Hospital Foundation Trust, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhonda Yantiss
- New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Marcia Cruz Correa
- The University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, and MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Costas-Chavarri A, Nandakumar G, Temin S, Lopes G, Cervantes A, Cruz Correa M, Engineer R, Hamashima C, Ho GF, Huitzil FD, Malekzadeh Moghani M, Sharara AI, Stern MC, Teh C, Vázquez Manjarrez SE, Verjee A, Yantiss R, Shah MA. Treatment of Patients With Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer: ASCO Resource-Stratified Guideline. J Glob Oncol 2020; 5:1-19. [PMID: 30802158 PMCID: PMC6426503 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] [Imported: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide resource-stratified, evidence-based recommendations on the treatment and follow-up of patients with early-stage colorectal cancer. METHODS ASCO convened a multidisciplinary, multinational Expert Panel that reviewed existing guidelines and conducted a modified ADAPTE process and a formal consensus process with additional experts for one round of formal ratings. RESULTS Existing sets of guidelines from 12 guideline developers were identified and reviewed; adapted recommendations from six guidelines form the evidence base and provide evidence to inform the formal consensus process, which resulted in agreement of 75% or more on all recommendations. RECOMMENDATIONS For nonmaximal settings, the recommended treatments for colon cancer stages nonobstructing, I-IIA: in basic and limited, open resection; in enhanced, adequately trained surgeons and laparoscopic or minimally invasive surgery, unless contraindicated. Treatments for IIB-IIC: in basic and limited, open en bloc resection following standard oncologic principles, if not possible, transfer to higher-level facility; in emergency, limit to life-saving procedures; in enhanced, laparoscopic en bloc resection, if not possible, then open. Treatments for obstructing, IIB-IIC: in basic, resection and/or diversion; in limited or enhanced, emergency surgical resection. Treatment for IIB-IIC with left-sided: in enhanced, may place colonic stent. Treatment for T4N0/T3N0 high-risk features or stage II high-risk obstructing: in enhanced, may offer adjuvant chemotherapy. Treatment for rectal cancer cT1N0 and cT2n0: in basic, limited, or enhanced, total mesorectal excision principles. Treatment for cT3n0: in basic and limited, total mesorectal excision, if not, diversion. Treatment for high-risk patients who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy: in basic, limited, or enhanced, may offer adjuvant therapy. Treatment for resectable cT3N0 rectal cancer: in enhanced, base neoadjuvant chemotherapy on preoperative factors. For post-treatment surveillance, a combination of medical history, physical examination, carcinoembryonic antigen testing, imaging, and endoscopy is performed. Frequency depends on setting. Maximal setting recommendations are in the guideline. Additional information can be found at www.asco.org/resource-stratified-guidelines. NOTICE It is the view of the American Society of Clinical Oncology that health care providers and health care system decision makers should be guided by the recommendations for the highest stratum of resources available. The guidelines are intended to complement but not replace local guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Govind Nandakumar
- Columbia Asia Hospitals, Bangalore, India.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Sarah Temin
- American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA
| | | | | | - Marcia Cruz Correa
- The University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR.,The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Fidel David Huitzil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Mariana C Stern
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Azmina Verjee
- Homerton University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Bowel Disease Research Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhonda Yantiss
- New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Manish A Shah
- New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Hamashima
- Health Policy Section, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Terasawa T, Hamashima C, Kato K, Miyashiro I, Yoshikawa T, Takaku R, Nishida H. Helicobacterpylori eradication treatment for gastric carcinoma prevention in asymptomatic or dyspeptic adults: systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026002. [PMID: 31542733 PMCID: PMC6756423 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] [Imported: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent meta-analyses of eradication therapy in Helicobacter pylori-infected adults reported significant reductions in gastric carcinoma risk. However, concerns about supporting unfocused screening and eradication programme in healthy, asymptomatic populations have arisen. We performed a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis to provide an accurate interpretation of randomised evidence on the preventive effectiveness of eradication therapy on gastric carcinoma risk. METHODS We searched databases including PubMed, Cochrane Central and Embase for reference and citation tracking without language restrictions, from inception through 31 July 2018. Paired investigators independently selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing eradication therapy with placebo or no treatment for asymptomatic or dyspeptic H. pylori-infected adults with no previous gastric carcinoma. The main outcome was gastric carcinoma incidence; secondary outcomes included gastric carcinoma-specific, non-gastric carcinoma and all-cause mortality. RESULTS A total of 5 population-based and 2 outpatient care-based RCTs involving 7303 adults were eligible. Eradication algorithms were heterogeneous, and unsuccessful eradication and reinfection were frequently observed. A Bayesian meta-analysis with competing risk outcomes found low-certainty evidence that eradication therapy might be more likely than control to reduce gastric carcinoma risk (HR=0.65; 95% credible interval (CrI) 0.41 to 1.0; I2 =11%). The CrIs included the null effects across the subgroup and sensitivity analyses, apart from those based on particular models that excluded two RCTs that enrolled subjects with specific histological findings only (HR=0.55; CrI 0.30 to 0.89; I2 =14%). The uncertainty of the average 41% risk reduction in gastric carcinoma-specific mortality included a clinically important mortality risk increase (HR=0.59 favouring eradication therapy; CrI 0.25 to 1.20; I2 =13%; low certainty). CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence to support or refute the effectiveness of eradication therapy in preventing gastric carcinoma in H. pylori-infected, high-risk populations. Rigorously conducted large RCTs of healthy infected adults only would provide evidence of the true efficacy of successful eradication. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42014009245.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Terasawa
- Emergency and General Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Chisato Hamashima
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Kato
- Cancer Detection Center, Miyagi Cancer Society, Sendai, Japan
| | - Isao Miyashiro
- Department of Cancer Registration and Survey, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Reo Takaku
- Institute for Health Economics and Policy, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Lopes G, Stern MC, Temin S, Cruz Correa M. Early Detection for Colorectal Cancer: ASCO Resource-Stratified Guideline Summary. J Oncol Pract 2019; 15:287-289. [PMID: 30939058 DOI: 10.1200/jop.19.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] [Imported: 09/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Lopes
- University of Miami, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | | | - Sarah Temin
- American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA
| | - Marcia Cruz Correa
- The University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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18
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Hamashima C. Update version of the Japanese Guidelines for Gastric Cancer Screening. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2018; 48:673-683. [PMID: 29889263 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyy077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer have gradually decreased, its burden remains in East Asian countries. Gastric cancer screening has been performed in Japan since 1983, and the introduction of new screening techniques has been eagerly anticipated. Objective To promote evidence-based screening, the Japanese guidelines for gastric cancer screening have been revised based on the new studies. Methods The guidelines for gastric cancer screening have been developed according to a previously established method. To assess evidence regarding the effectiveness of the screening methods, a systematic review was conducted based on an analytic framework including clinical questions aiming at reducing mortality from gastric cancer. The following methods were assessed for gastric cancer screening: upper gastrointestinal series (radiographic screening), gastrointestinal endoscopy (endoscopic screening), Helicobacter pylori antibody test and serum pepsinogen tests. Based on the balance of the benefits and harms of each screening method, recommendations for population-based and opportunistic screenings were formulated. Findings After the Japanese guidelines for gastric cancer screening were published in 2005, several observational studies on radiographic and endoscopic screenings have been reported. Three case-control studies have evaluated mortality reduction from gastric cancer by endoscopic screening. Notably, evidence of the H. pylori antibody and serum pepsinogen tests was insufficient. Although false-positive results, false-negative results, and complications were observed in endoscopic and radiographic screenings, the complication rates were higher in endoscopic screening than in radiographic screening. Overdiagnosis was not estimated directly in both methods. Recommendations Radiographic and endoscopic screenings for gastric cancer are recommended for population-based and opportunistic screenings. The H. pylori antibody and serum pepsinogen tests are not recommended for population-based screening because of insufficient evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Hamashima
- Division of Cancer Screening Assessment and Management, Center for Public Health Science, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Hosono S, Terasawa T, Katayama T, Sasaki S, Hoshi K, Hamashima C. Frequency of unsatisfactory cervical cytology smears in cancer screening of Japanese women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:934-943. [PMID: 29478281 PMCID: PMC5891182 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] [Imported: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bethesda system (TBS) has been used for cervical cytological diagnosis in Japan since 2008. Evaluation of specimen adequacy is the most important aspect of quality assurance and for precise diagnosis in TBS. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were carried out to assess the unsatisfactory specimen rate in the primary cervical cancer screening setting in Japan. Ovid Medline and Ichushi‐Web databases were searched from inception through to May 2017. Prospective and retrospective studies that reported the proportion of unsatisfactory specimens in healthy asymptomatic Japanese women in a cervical cancer screening program were eligible for inclusion; 17 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. The random‐effects model meta‐analysis calculated summary estimates of the unsatisfactory rate of 0.60% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18‐1.96%; I2 = 99%) for conventional cytology and 0.04% (95% CI, 0.00‐0.35%; I2 = 99%) for liquid‐based cytology (LBC). However, comparative results between conventional and liquid‐based cytology, based on four direct and nine comparative studies, showed no significant difference (summary odds ratio = 3.5 × 10−2 favoring LBC [95% CI, 6.9 × 10−4‐1.7]; I2 = 98%). In the subgroup analyses and meta‐regressions, use of non‐cotton devices for conventional cytology and use of a particular platform for LBC were associated with lower unsatisfactory rates. Meta‐regression also suggested chronological improvement in unsatisfactory rates for both tests. In Japanese cervical cancer screening programs, conventional cytology remains prevalent. Future research needs to focus on evaluating the impact of screening programs using LBC by comparing the accuracy, performance, and cost‐effectiveness with conventional cytology in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoyo Hosono
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,All Japan Labour Welfare Foundation, Tokai Clinic, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Terasawa
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Emergency and General Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takafumi Katayama
- Department of Statistics and Computer Science, College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Seiju Sasaki
- St. Luke's International Hospital Affiliated Clinic, Center for Preventive Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keika Hoshi
- Department of Hygiene, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Chisato Hamashima
- Division of Cancer Screening Assessment and Management, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Hamashima C, Sano H. Association between age factors and strategies for promoting participation in gastric and colorectal cancer screenings. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:345. [PMID: 29587681 PMCID: PMC5870209 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the long history of cancer screening in Japan, the participation rates in gastric and colorectal cancer screenings have not increased. Strategies for improving the participation rates have been proposed, but differences in their effects among different age groups remain unclear. Methods The Japanese government conducted a national survey in all municipalities in Japan in 2010 to investigate whether the implementation of promotion strategies increased participation in cancer screening. We investigated the association between age factors and strategies for promoting participation in cancer screening based on this national survey. Multiple regression analysis with generalized linear model was performed using the participation rates in gastric and colorectal cancer screenings as dependent variables, and the following strategies for promoting participation as independent variables: 1) personal invitation letters, 2) household invitation letters, 3) home visits by community nurses, 4) screenings in medical offices, and 5) free cancer screening programs. Results One thousand six hundred thirty nine municipalities for gastric cancer screening and 1666 municipalities for colorectal cancer screening were selected for the analysis. In gastric and colorectal cancer screenings, the participation rates of individuals aged 60–69 years was higher than those of other age groups. Personal and household invitation letters were effective promotion strategies for all age groups, which encouraged even older people to participate in gastric and colorectal cancer screenings. Screening in medical offices and free screenings were not effective in all age groups. Home visits were effective, but their adoption was limited to small municipalities. Conclusions To clarify whether promotion strategies can increase the participation rate in cancer screening among different age groups, 5 strategies were assessed on the basis of a national survey. Although personal and household invitation letters were effective strategies for promoting participation in cancer screening for all age groups, these strategies equally encouraged older people to participate in gastric and colorectal cancer screenings. If resource for sending invitation letters are limited, priority should be given to individuals who are in their 50s and 60s for gastric and colorectal cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Hamashima
- Division of Cancer Screening Assessment and Management, Center for Public Health Science, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Sano
- Faculty of Economics, Shiga University, 1-1-1 Baba-cho, Hikone, Japan
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21
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Hamashima C. Cancer screening guidelines and policy making: 15 years of experience in cancer screening guideline development in Japan. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2018; 48:278-286. [PMID: 29315389 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyx190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Hamashima
- Division of Cancer Screening Assessment and Management, Center for Public Health Science, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Hamashima C, Narisawa R, Ogoshi K, Kato T, Fujita K. Optimal interval of endoscopic screening based on stage distributions of detected gastric cancers. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:740. [PMID: 29121881 PMCID: PMC5680820 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Korea and Japan have a national gastric cancer screening program, their screening intervals are different. The optimal screening interval of endoscopic screening in Japan was investigated based on the stage distributions of screen-detected gastric cancers. METHODS Patients with gastric cancer detected by endoscopic and radiographic screenings were selected from the Niigata City Medical Association database. The stage distributions of the detected gastric cancers were compared among patients with different screening histories in both groups. Gastric cancer specific survival rates were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test. RESULTS There were 1585 and 462 subjects in the endoscopic and radiographic screening groups, respectively. In the endoscopic screening group, the stage IV proportion was lower in patients with screening history 1 and 2 years before diagnosis than in patients without screening history. Stage IV development was significantly related to the absence of screening history (p < 0.001); however, there were no differences between patients who had endoscopic screening history 2 and 3 years before diagnosis. The survival rates were not significantly different between patients with endoscopic screening 1 and 2 years previously (p = 0.7763). The survival rates were significantly higher in patients with endoscopic screening history 1 and 2 years before diagnosis than in patients without screening history (p < 0.001), and in patients with endoscopic screaming 3 years before diagnosis (P < 0.0069). CONCLUSION The endoscopic screening interval for gastric cancer can be expanded to at least 2 years based on the stage distributions of detected cancers and the patient survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Hamashima
- Division of Cancer Screening Assessment and Management, Center for Public Health Science, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Rintaro Narisawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, 2-15-3 Kawagishi-Cho Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuei Ogoshi
- Cancer Registry Section, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, 2-15-3 Kawagishi-Cho Cyuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kato
- Committee of Gastrointestinal Cancer Screening, Niigata City Medical Association, 3-3-1 Shichikuyama Chuo-ku, Niigata, 950-0914, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Fujita
- Committee of Gastrointestinal Cancer Screening, Niigata City Medical Association, 3-3-1 Shichikuyama Chuo-ku, Niigata, 950-0914, Japan
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23
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Sano H, Goto R, Hamashima C. Does lack of resources impair access to breast and cervical cancer screening in Japan? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180819. [PMID: 28704430 PMCID: PMC5509210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] [Imported: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the impact of the quantity of resources for breast and cervical cancer screening on the participation rates in screening in clinical settings in municipalities, as well as to clarify whether lack of resources impairs access to cancer screening in Japan. Methods Of the 1,746 municipalities in 2010, 1,443 (82.6%) and 1,469 (84.1%) were included in the analyses for breast and cervical cancer screening, respectively. In order to estimate the effects of the number of mammography units and of gynecologists on the participation rates in breast and cervical cancer screening in clinical settings, multiple regression analyses were performed using the interaction term for urban municipalities. Results The average participation rate in screening in clinical settings was 6.01% for breast cancer, and was 8.93% for cervical cancer. The marginal effect of the number of mammography units per 1,000 women was significantly positive in urban municipalities (8.20 percent point). The marginal effect of the number of gynecologists per 1,000 women was significantly positive in all municipalities (2.54 percent point) and rural municipalities (3.68 percent point). Conclusions Lack of mammography units in urban areas and of gynecologists particularly in rural areas impaired access to breast and cervical cancer screening. Strategies are required that quickly improve access for the residents and increase their participation rates in cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sano
- Faculty of Economics, Shiga University, Hikone, Shiga, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Rei Goto
- Graduate School of Business Administration, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chisato Hamashima
- Division of Cancer Screening Assessment and Management, Center for Public Health Science, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Hamashima C, Sasazuki S, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of prediction for gastric cancer development using serum pepsinogen and Helicobacter pylori antibody tests. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:183. [PMID: 28279154 PMCID: PMC5345231 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection plays a central role in the development of gastric cancer as shown by biological and epidemiological studies. The H. pylori antibody and serum pepsinogen (PG) tests have been anticipated to predict gastric cancer development. METHODS We determined the predictive sensitivity and specificity of gastric cancer development using these tests. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed, and areas under the curve were estimated. The predictive sensitivity and specificity of gastric cancer development were compared among single tests and combined methods using serum pepsinogen and H. pylori antibody tests. RESULTS From a large-scale population-based cohort of over 100,000 subjects followed between 1990 and 2004, 497 gastric cancer subjects and 497 matched healthy controls were chosen. The predictive sensitivity and specificity were low in all single tests and combination methods. The highest predictive sensitivity and specificity were obtained for the serum PG I/II ratio. The optimal PG I/II cut-off values were 2.5 and 3.0. At a PG I/II cut-off value of 3.0, the sensitivity was 86.9% and the specificity was 39.8%. Even if three biomarkers were combined, the sensitivity was 97.2% and the specificity was 21.1% when the cut-off values were 3.0 for PG I/II, 70 ng/mL for PG I, and 10.0 U/mL for H. pylori antibody. CONCLUSIONS The predictive accuracy of gastric cancer development was low with the serum pepsinogen and H. pylori antibody tests even if these tests were combined. To adopt these biomarkers for gastric cancer screening, a high specificity is required. When these tests are adopted for gastric cancer screening, they should be carefully interpreted with a clear understanding of their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Hamashima
- Division of Cancer Screening Assessment and Management, Center for Social Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Shizuka Sasazuki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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25
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Hamashima C. Overdiagnosis of gastric cancer by endoscopic screening. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2017; 9:55-60. [PMID: 28250897 PMCID: PMC5311473 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v9.i2.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer screening using endoscopy has recently spread in Eastern Asian countries showing increasing evidence of its effectiveness. However, despite the benefits of endoscopic screening for gastric cancer, its major harms include infection, complications, false-negative results, false-positive results, and overdiagnosis. The most serious harm of endoscopic screening is overdiagnosis and this can occur in any cancer screening programs. Overdiagnosis is defined as the detection of cancers that would never have been found if there is no cancer screening. Overdiagnosis has been estimated from randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and modeling. It can be calculated on the basis of a comparison of the incidence of cancer between screened and unscreened individuals after the follow-up. Although the estimation method for overdiagnosis has not yet been standardized, estimation of overdiagnosis is needed in endoscopic screening for gastric cancer. To minimize overdiagnosis, the target age group and screening interval should be appropriately defined. Moreover, the balance of benefits and harms must be carefully considered to effectively introduce endoscopic screening in communities. Further research regarding overdiagnosis is warranted when evaluating the effectiveness of endoscopic screening.
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26
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Chen THH, Yen AMF, Fann JCY, Gordon P, Chen SLS, Chiu SYH, Hsu CY, Chang KJ, Lee WC, Yeoh KG, Saito H, Promthet S, Hamashima C, Maidin A, Robinson F, Zhao LZ. Clarifying the debate on population-based screening for breast cancer with mammography: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on mammography with Bayesian meta-analysis and causal model. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e5684. [PMID: 28099330 PMCID: PMC5279075 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] [Imported: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent controversy about using mammography to screen for breast cancer based on randomized controlled trials over 3 decades in Western countries has not only eclipsed the paradigm of evidence-based medicine, but also puts health decision-makers in countries where breast cancer screening is still being considered in a dilemma to adopt or abandon such a well-established screening modality. METHODS We reanalyzed the empirical data from the Health Insurance Plan trial in 1963 to the UK age trial in 1991 and their follow-up data published until 2015. We first performed Bayesian conjugated meta-analyses on the heterogeneity of attendance rate, sensitivity, and over-detection and their impacts on advanced stage breast cancer and death from breast cancer across trials using Bayesian Poisson fixed- and random-effect regression model. Bayesian meta-analysis of causal model was then developed to assess a cascade of causal relationships regarding the impact of both attendance and sensitivity on 2 main outcomes. RESULTS The causes of heterogeneity responsible for the disparities across the trials were clearly manifested in 3 components. The attendance rate ranged from 61.3% to 90.4%. The sensitivity estimates show substantial variation from 57.26% to 87.97% but improved with time from 64% in 1963 to 82% in 1980 when Bayesian conjugated meta-analysis was conducted in chronological order. The percentage of over-detection shows a wide range from 0% to 28%, adjusting for long lead-time. The impacts of the attendance rate and sensitivity on the 2 main outcomes were statistically significant. Causal inference made by linking these causal relationships with emphasis on the heterogeneity of the attendance rate and sensitivity accounted for the variation in the reduction of advanced breast cancer (none-30%) and of mortality (none-31%). We estimated a 33% (95% CI: 24-42%) and 13% (95% CI: 6-20%) breast cancer mortality reduction for the best scenario (90% attendance rate and 95% sensitivity) and the poor scenario (30% attendance rate and 55% sensitivity), respectively. CONCLUSION Elucidating the scenarios from high to low performance and learning from the experiences of these trials helps screening policy-makers contemplate on how to avoid errors made in ineffective studies and emulate the effective studies to save women lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Hsiu-Hsi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei Department of Health Industry Management, School of Healthcare Management, Kainan University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia Department of Health Care Management, College of Management, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan Cheng Ching General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Screening Assessment & Management Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand Cancer Screening Assessment and Management Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan School of Public Health, Makassar University, Makassar, Indonesia Community Treatment Centre, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Colorectal and Anal Disease Research Institute, Tianjin, China
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Hamashima C, Goto R. Potential capacity of endoscopic screening for gastric cancer in Japan. Cancer Sci 2016; 108:101-107. [PMID: 27727490 PMCID: PMC5276833 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2016, the Japanese government decided to introduce endoscopic screening for gastric cancer as a national program. To provide endoscopic screening nationwide, we estimated the proportion of increase in the number of endoscopic examinations with the introduction of endoscopic screening, based on a national survey. The total number of endoscopic examinations has increased, particularly in clinics. Based on the national survey, the total number of participants in gastric cancer screening was 3 784 967. If 30% of the participants are switched from radiographic screening to endoscopic screening, approximately 1 million additional endoscopic examinations are needed. In Japan, the participation rates in gastric cancer screening and the number of hospitals and clinics offering upper gastrointestinal endoscopy vary among the 47 prefectures. If the participation rates are high and the numbers of hospitals and clinics are small, the proportion of increase becomes larger. Based on the same assumption, 50% of big cities can provide endoscopic screening with a 5% increase in the total number of endoscopic examinations. However, 16.7% of the medical districts are available for endoscopic screening within a 5% increase in the total number of endoscopic examinations. Despite the Japanese government's decision to introduce endoscopic screening for gastric cancer nationwide, its immediate introduction remains difficult because of insufficient medical resources in rural areas. This implies that endoscopic screening will be initially introduced to big cities. To promote endoscopic screening for gastric cancer nationwide, the disparity of medical resources must first be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Hamashima
- Division of Cancer Screening Assessment and Management, Center for Public Health Science, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Goto
- Graduate School of Business Administration, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
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Hamashima C, Fukao A. Quality assurance manual of endoscopic screening for gastric cancer in Japanese communities. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2016; 46:1053-1061. [PMID: 27589938 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyw106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Japanese government introduced endoscopic screening for gastric cancer in 2015 as a public policy based on the Japanese guidelines on gastric cancer screening. To provide appropriate endoscopic screening for gastric cancer in Japanese communities, we developed a quality assurance manual of endoscopic screening and recommend 10 strategies with their brief descriptions as follows: (i) Formulation of a committee responsible for implementing and managing endoscopic screening, and for deciding the suitable implementation methods in consideration of the local context; (ii) Development of an interpretation system that leads to a final judgement to standardize endoscopic examination and improve its accuracy; (iii) Preparation of management and reporting systems for adverse effects by the committee for safety management; (iv) Obtaining informed consent before operation following adequate explanations regarding the benefits and harms of endoscopic screening; (v) Avoidance of frequent screenings to reduce false-positive results and overdiagnosis. As a reference, the target age group is ≥50 years, and the screening interval is 2 years; (vi) Keeping the biopsy rate within 10% as post-biopsy bleeding may occur. Before endoscopic screening, any history of antithrombotic drug usage should be checked; (vii) Nonadministration of sedation in endoscopic screening for safety management; (viii) Adherence to proper endoscopic cleaning and disinfection to reduce infection; (ix) Use of a checklist to achieve optimal program preparation when municipal governments introduce endoscopic screening; (x) Identification of the aims and roles by referring to a checklist if primary care physicians decide to participate in endoscopic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Hamashima
- Division of Cancer Screening Assessment and Management, Center for Public Health Science, National Cancer Center, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo
| | - Akira Fukao
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Yamagata University,Yamagata, Japan
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Hamashima C. Benefits and harms of endoscopic screening for gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6385-92. [PMID: 27605874 PMCID: PMC4968120 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i28.6385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer has remained a serious burden worldwide, particularly in East Asian countries. However, nationwide prevention and screening programs for gastric cancer have not yet been established in most countries except in South Korea and Japan. Although evidence regarding the effectiveness of endoscopic screening for gastric cancer has been increasingly accumulated, such evidence remains weak because it is based on results from studies other than randomized controlled trials. Specifically, evidence was mostly based on the results of cohort and case-control studies mainly conducted in South Korea and Japan. However, the consistent positive results from these studies suggest promising evidence of mortality reduction from gastric cancer by endoscopic screening. The major harms of endoscopic screening include infection, adverse effects, false-positive results, and overdiagnosis. Despite the possible harms of endoscopic screening, information regarding these harms remains insufficient. To provide appropriate cancer screening, a balance of benefits and harms should always be considered when cancer screening is introduced as a public policy. Quality assurance is very important for the implementation of cancer screening to provide high-quality and safe screening and minimize harms. Endoscopic screening for gastric cancer has shown promising results, and thus deserves further evaluation to reliably establish its effectiveness and optimal use.
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Hirai K, Ishikawa Y, Fukuyoshi J, Yonekura A, Harada K, Shibuya D, Yamamoto S, Mizota Y, Hamashima C, Saito H. Tailored message interventions versus typical messages for increasing participation in colorectal cancer screening among a non-adherent population: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:431. [PMID: 27220976 PMCID: PMC4877938 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] [Imported: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of a tailored message intervention compared with a non-tailored message intervention for increasing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates among a non-adherent population, in a community-based client reminder program. Methods After a baseline survey for psychological segmentation, 2140 eligible individuals were randomly assigned either to a group with a tailored matched-message condition (N = 356), a group with a non-tailored unmatched-message condition (N = 355), or to two control groups, one using a typical message with a professional design (N = 717) and one without a professional design (N = 712). The main outcome measure was attendance rates in a community-organized CRC screening program within five months of receiving a print reminder. Results There was a significant difference in fecal occult blood test (FOBT) attendance rates at follow-up assessments between the tailored matched-message condition (14.0 %) and the control (9.9 %; OR = 1.48, p = 0.026), while there was no significant difference between the unmatched-message condition (11.0 %) and the control (OR = 1.12, p = 0.558), and between the matched-message condition and the unmatched-message condition (OR = 1.32, p = 0.219). The cost of a one-person increase in FOBT screening was 3,740 JPY for the tailored matched-message condition, while it was 2,747 JPY for the control. Conclusions A tailored-message intervention for segmented individuals designed to increase CRC screening rates in a community-based client reminder program was significantly effective compared to a usual reminder, but not more effective than an unmatched message in a randomized controlled trial, and was not sufficiently effective to highlight its value from a cost perspective. Therefore, the tailored intervention including target segmentation needs to be improved for future implementation in a CRC screening program for a non-adherent population. Trial registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000004384. Date of Registration: March 2011. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3069-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hirai
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Ishikawa
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuhiro Harada
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shibuya
- Cancer Detection Center, Miyagi Cancer Society, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Yamamoto
- Public Health Policy Research Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Mizota
- Public Health Policy Research Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisato Hamashima
- Screening Assessment and Management Division, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Screening Assessment and Management Division, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Hamashima C, Hamashima C C, Hattori M, Honjo S, Kasahara Y, Katayama T, Nakai M, Nakayama T, Morita T, Ohta K, Ohnuki K, Sagawa M, Saito H, Sasaki S, Shimada T, Sobue T, Suto A. The Japanese Guidelines for Breast Cancer Screening. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2016; 46:482-492. [PMID: 27207993 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyw008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
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Hamashima C. Have we Comprehensively Evaluated the Effectiveness of Endoscopic Screening for Gastric Cancer? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:3591-2. [PMID: 25921183 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.8.3591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopy has been increasingly used in clinical practice and as a standardized examination procedure for gastrointestinal diseases. However, only a few studies on endoscopic screening for evaluating mortality reduction from gastric cancer have been carried out. Even if a high detection rate is obtained in clinical practice, such a rate cannot be directly accepted as evidence providing the effectiveness of cancer screening. Endoscopic screening for gastric cancer is not an exception of possibility to detect overdiagnosis. If detection rate is used for the evaluation of the effectiveness of cancer screening, the possibility of overestimating the effectiveness of cancer screening cannot be ruled out. To avoid the effect of overdiagnosis and confirm the effectiveness of endoscopic screening, mortality reduction from gastric cancer must be carefully evaluated by conducting reliable studies. The burden of gastric cancer remains real and this cannot be ignored in Eastern Asian countries. To determine the best available method for gastric cancer screening, evaluation of its effectiveness is a must. Endoscopic screening for gastric cancer has shown promising results, and thus deserves further comprehensive evaluation to reliably confirm its effectiveness and how its optimal use can be strategically promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Hamashima
- Cancer Screening Assessment and Management Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan E-mail :
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Goto R, Hamashima C, Mun S, Lee WC. Why screening rates vary between Korea and Japan--differences between two national healthcare systems. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:395-400. [PMID: 25684461 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.2.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] [Imported: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Both Japan and Korea provide population-based screening programs. However, screening rates are much higher in Korea than in Japan. To clarify the possible factors explaining the differences between these two countries, we analyzed the current status of the cancer screening and background healthcare systems. Population- based cancer screening in Korea is coordinated well with social health insurance under a unified insurer system. In Japan, there are over 3,000 insurers and coordinating a comprehensive strategy for cancer screening promotion has been very difficult. The public healthcare system also has influence over cancer screening. In Korea, public healthcare does not cover a wide range of services. Almost free cancer screening and subsidization for medical cost for cancers detected in population-screening provides high incentive to participation. In Japan, on the other hand, a larger coverage of medical services, low co-payment, and a lenient medical audit enables people to have cancer screening under public health insurance as well as the broad range of cancer screening. The implementation of evidence-based cancer screening programs may be largely dependent on the background healthcare system. It is important to understand the impacts of each healthcare system as a whole and to match the characteristics of a particular health system when designing an efficient cancer screening system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Goto
- The Hakubi Center of Advanced Research, Graduate School of Economic, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan E-mail :
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Hamashima C, Shabana M, Okada K, Okamoto M, Osaki Y. Mortality reduction from gastric cancer by endoscopic and radiographic screening. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:1744-9. [PMID: 26432528 PMCID: PMC4714659 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate mortality reduction from gastric cancer by endoscopic screening, we undertook a population‐based cohort study in which both radiographic and endoscopic screenings for gastric cancer have been carried out. The subjects were selected from the participants of gastric cancer screening in two cities in Japan, Tottori and Yonago, from 2007 to 2008. The subjects were defined as participants aged 40–79 years who had no gastric cancer screening in the previous year. Follow‐up of mortality was continued from the date of the first screening to the date of death or up to December 31, 2013. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of gastric cancer incidence, gastric cancer death, all cancer deaths except gastric cancer death, and all‐causes death except gastric cancer death. The number of subjects selected for endoscopic screening was 9950 and that for radiographic screening was 4324. The subjects screened by endoscopy showed a 67% reduction of gastric cancer compared with the subjects screened by radiography (adjusted RR by sex, age group, and resident city = 0.327; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.118–0.908). The adjusted RR of endoscopic screening was 0.968 (95%CI, 0.675–1.387) for all cancer deaths except gastric cancer death, and 0.929 (95%CI, 0.740–1.168) for all‐causes death except gastric cancer death. This study indicates that endoscopic screening can reduce gastric cancer mortality by 67% compared with radiographic screening. This is consistent with previous studies showing that endoscopic screening reduces gastric cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Hamashima
- Cancer Screening Assessment and Management Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Shabana
- Department of Internal Medicine, San-in Rosai Hospital, Yonago, Japan
| | - Katsuo Okada
- Tottori Prefecture Health Promoting Council, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mikizo Okamoto
- Cancer Center, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yoneatsu Osaki
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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Hamashima C, Ohta K, Kasahara Y, Katayama T, Nakayama T, Honjo S, Ohnuki K. A meta-analysis of mammographic screening with and without clinical breast examination. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:812-8. [PMID: 25959787 PMCID: PMC4520631 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammographic screening with clinical breast examination has been recommended in Japan since 2000. Although mammographic screening without clinical breast examination has not been recommended, its introduction is anticipated. The efficacies of mammographic screening with and without clinical breast examination were evaluated based on the results of randomized controlled trials. PubMed and other databases for studies published between 1985 and 2014 were searched. The study design was limited to randomized controlled trials to evaluate mortality reduction from breast cancer. Five studies were eligible for meta-analysis of mammographic screening without clinical breast examination. The relative risk for women aged 40-74 years was 0.75 (95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.83). Three studies evaluated the efficacy of mammographic screening with clinical breast examination. The relative risk for women aged 40-64 years was 0.87 (95% confidence interval, 0.77-0.98). The number needed to invite was always lower in mammographic screening without clinical breast examination than in mammographic screening with clinical breast examination. In both screening methods, the number needed to invite was higher in women aged 40-49 years than in women aged 50-70 years. These results suggest that mammographic screening without clinical breast examination can afford higher benefits to women aged 50 years and over. Although evidence of the efficacy of mammographic screening without clinical breast examination was confirmed based on the results of the randomized controlled trials, a Japanese study is needed to resolve local problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Hamashima
- Cancer Screening Assessment and Management Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ohta
- Department of Surgery, Fukui Prefecture Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kasahara
- Division of Breast Surgery, Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takafumi Katayama
- College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Akashi, Japan
| | - Tomio Nakayama
- Center of Cancer Control and Statistics, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Honjo
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Ohnuki
- Division of Breast Surgery, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital, Morioka, Japan
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Lauby-Secretan B, Scoccianti C, Loomis D, Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Bouvard V, Bianchini F, Straif K. Breast-cancer screening--viewpoint of the IARC Working Group. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:2353-8. [PMID: 26039523 DOI: 10.1056/nejmsr1504363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] [Imported: 09/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Lauby-Secretan
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (B.L.-S., C.S., D.L., L.B.-T., V.B., K.S.); and the German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (F.B.)
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Hamashima C, Shabana M, Okamoto M, Osaki Y, Kishimoto T. Survival analysis of patients with interval cancer undergoing gastric cancer screening by endoscopy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126796. [PMID: 26023768 PMCID: PMC4449213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Interval cancer is a key factor that influences the effectiveness of a cancer screening program. To evaluate the impact of interval cancer on the effectiveness of endoscopic screening, the survival rates of patients with interval cancer were analyzed. METHODS We performed gastric cancer-specific and all-causes survival analyses of patients with screen-detected cancer and patients with interval cancer in the endoscopic screening group and radiographic screening group using the Kaplan-Meier method. Since the screening interval was 1 year, interval cancer was defined as gastric cancer detected within 1 year after a negative result. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the risk factors associated with gastric cancer-specific and all-causes death. RESULTS A total of 1,493 gastric cancer patients (endoscopic screening group: n = 347; radiographic screening group: n = 166; outpatient group: n = 980) were identified from the Tottori Cancer Registry from 2001 to 2008. The gastric cancer-specific survival rates were higher in the endoscopic screening group than in the radiographic screening group and the outpatients group. In the endoscopic screening group, the gastric cancer-specific survival rate of the patients with screen-detected cancer and the patients with interval cancer were nearly equal (P = 0.869). In the radiographic screening group, the gastric cancer-specific survival rate of the patients with screen-detected cancer was higher than that of the patients with interval cancer (P = 0.009). For gastric cancer-specific death, the hazard ratio of interval cancer in the endoscopic screening group was 0.216 for gastric cancer death (95%CI: 0.054-0.868) compared with the outpatient group. CONCLUSION The survival rate and the risk of gastric cancer death among the patients with screen-detected cancer and patients with interval cancer were not significantly different in the annual endoscopic screening. These results suggest the potential of endoscopic screening in reducing mortality from gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Hamashima
- Cancer Screening Assessment and Management Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Shabana
- Department of Internal Medicine, San-in Rosai Hospital, Yonago, Tottori Prefecture, Japan
| | - Mikizo Okamoto
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yoneatsu Osaki
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori Prefecture, Japan
| | - Takuji Kishimoto
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori Prefecture, Japan
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Hamashima C, Ogoshi K, Narisawa R, Kishi T, Kato T, Fujita K, Sano M, Tsukioka S. Impact of endoscopic screening on mortality reduction from gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2460-2466. [PMID: 25741155 PMCID: PMC4342924 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i8.2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate mortality reduction from gastric cancer based on the results of endoscopic screening.
METHODS: The study population consisted of participants of gastric cancer screening by endoscopy, regular radiography, and photofluorography at Niigata city in 2005. The observed numbers of cumulative deaths from gastric cancers and other cancers were accumulated by linkage with the Niigata Prefectural Cancer Registry. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of gastric cancer and other cancer deaths in each screening group was calculated by applying the mortality rate of the reference population.
RESULTS: Based on the results calculated from the mortality rate of the population of Niigata city, the SMRs of gastric cancer death were 0.43 (95%CI: 0.30-0.57) for the endoscopic screening group, 0.68 (95%CI: 0.55-0.79) for the regular radiographic screening group, and 0.85 (95%CI: 0.71-0.94) for the photofluorography screening group. The mortality reduction from gastric cancer was higher in the endoscopic screening group than in the regular radiographic screening group despite the nearly equal mortality rates of all cancers except gastric cancer.
CONCLUSION: The 57% mortality reduction from gastric cancer might indicate the effectiveness of endoscopic screening for gastric cancer. Further studies and prudent interpretation of results are needed.
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Sano H, Goto R, Hamashima C. What is the most effective strategy for improving the cancer screening rate in Japan? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:2607-12. [PMID: 24761871 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.6.2607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] [Imported: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer screening rates in Japan are much lower than those in Western countries. This study evaluated the relationship between cancer screening rates and strategies used to improve screening rates, and determined which strategy is the most effective. MATERIALS AND METHODS All municipalities are responsible for conducting gastric, lung, colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer screenings in Japan. Of the 1,746 municipalities in total, 92-99% were included in the analyses for each cancer screening. Using national data in 2009, the correlations between cancer screening rates and strategies for improving screening rates of all municipalities, both large (populations of over 30,000) and small (populations of under 30,000), were determined. The strategies used were as follows: sending personal invitation letters, personal visits by community health workers, use of a clinical setting for screening, and free screening. RESULTS Of all four strategies used to improve cancer screening rates, sending personal invitation letters had the highest correlations with all screening rates, with the exception of breast cancer screening. The partial correlation coefficients linking this strategy with the screening rates in all municipalities were 0.28, 0.32, 0.30, and 0.26 for gastric, lung, colorectal, and cervical cancer screening, respectively. In large municipalities, the correlations between the number of examinees in a clinical setting and the screening rates were also relatively high, particularly for cervical cancer screening (r=0.41). CONCLUSIONS Sending personal invitation letters appears to be particularly effective in improving cancer screening rates in all municipalities. All municipalities should implement a system that sends personal invitation letters for cancer screening. In large municipalities, increasing the availability of screening in a clinical setting is also effective in improving cancer screening rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sano
- Faculty of Economics, Shiga University, Shiga, Japan E-mail :
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Hamashima C. Current issues and future perspectives of gastric cancer screening. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13767-13774. [PMID: 25320514 PMCID: PMC4194560 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i38.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. About half of the incidence of gastric cancer is observed in East Asian countries, which show a higher mortality than other countries. The effectiveness of 3 new gastric cancer screening techniques, namely, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, serological testing, and “screen and treat” method were extensively reviewed. Moreover, the phases of development for cancer screening were analyzed on the basis of the biomarker development road map. Several observational studies have reported the effectiveness of endoscopic screening in reducing mortality from gastric cancer. On the other hand, serologic testing has mainly been used for targeting the high-risk group for gastric cancer. To date, the effectiveness of new techniques for gastric cancer screening has remained limited. However, endoscopic screening is presently in the last trial phase of development before their introduction to population-based screening. To effectively introduce new techniques for gastric cancer screening in a community, incidence and mortality reduction from gastric cancer must be initially and thoroughly evaluated by conducting reliable studies. In addition to effectiveness evaluation, the balance of benefits and harms must be carefully assessed before introducing these new techniques for population-based screening.
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Terasawa T, Nishida H, Kato K, Miyashiro I, Yoshikawa T, Takaku R, Hamashima C. Prediction of gastric cancer development by serum pepsinogen test and Helicobacter pylori seropositivity in Eastern Asians: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109783. [PMID: 25314140 PMCID: PMC4196955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] [Imported: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify high-risk groups for gastric cancer in presumptively healthy populations, several studies have investigated the predictive ability of the pepsinogen test, H. Pylori antibodies, and a risk-prediction model based on these two tests. To investigate whether these tests accurately predict gastric cancer development, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed and other electronic databases were searched for cohort studies published in English or Japanese from January 1985 through December 2013. Six reviewers identified eligible studies, and at least two investigators extracted data on population and study-design characteristics, quality items, and outcomes of interest. Meta-analyses were performed on non-overlapping studies. RESULTS Nine prospective cohorts from Eastern Asia reported in 12 publications, including 33,741 asymptomatic middle-aged participants of gastric cancer screening, were eligible. For discriminating between asymptomatic adults at high and low risk of gastric cancer, the pepsinogen test (summary hazard ratio [HR], 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7-4.7; I2 = 0%) and H. pylori antibodies (summary HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 2.0-5.2; I2 = 0%) were statistically significant predictors as standalone tests. Although the risk-prediction model was in general moderately accurate in separating asymptomatic adults into four risk groups (summary c-statistic, 0.71; 95% CI: 0.68-0.73; I2 = 7%), calibration seemed to be poor. The study validity was generally limited. CONCLUSIONS The serum pepsinogen test, H. pylori antibodies, and the four-risk-group model for predicting gastric cancer development seem to have the potential to stratify middle-aged presumptively healthy adults. Future research needs to focus on comparative studies to evaluate the impact of screening programs adopting these tests. Also, validation, preferably with model updating, is necessary to see whether the current model performance is transferable to different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Terasawa
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Emergency and General Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroshi Nishida
- Department of Health Information and Statistics, Panasonic Health Care Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Kato
- Cancer Detection Center, Miyagi Cancer Society, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Isao Miyashiro
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Reo Takaku
- Institute for Health Economics and Policy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisato Hamashima
- Cancer Screening Assessment and Management Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Goto R, Arai K, Kitada H, Ogoshi K, Hamashima C. Labor resource use for endoscopic gastric cancer screening in Japanese primary care settings: a work sampling study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88113. [PMID: 24523875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] [Imported: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Endoscopic gastric cancer is screened in primary care settings, but how much resources are required to deliver this service remains unknown. This study determines how much time and human resources are used for endoscopic gastric cancer and for each component of the procedure. Materials and Methods Upper endoscopic procedures were prospectively observed using a work sampling technique. This study analyzed data from patients who underwent upper endoscopic gastric cancer screening at primary care clinics that provide this service. The main outcome measurements were time intervals and total time intervals that considered the numbers of simultaneously engaged workers and were calculated as the product of time intervals and the number of workers, and the labor cost of individual components of each procedure. Results We observed 44 upper endoscopic procedures at four outpatient clinics. Pre-procedure (preparation and pre-medication), procedure (from intubation to extubation) and post-procedure (recovery and cleaning) accounted for 34.1%, 10.6% and 54.4% of the total time, respectively. Of the overall total time intervals (mean: 4453 person-seconds), 29.3%, 14.4% and 55.7% of the total time was devoted to pre-procedure, procedure and post-procedure, respectively. The post-procedure was the most time- and labor-consuming component from the viewpoints of both total time and labor cost. Conclusions Most of the time taken to complete endoscopic gastric cancer screening is consumed by preparation, pre-medication and post-procedures in which nurses play key roles.
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Hamashima C, Ogoshi K, Okamoto M, Shabana M, Kishimoto T, Fukao A. A community-based, case-control study evaluating mortality reduction from gastric cancer by endoscopic screening in Japan. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79088. [PMID: 24236091 PMCID: PMC3827316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Although the incidence of gastric cancer has decreased in the last 3 decades, it remains the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In Asian countries, the burden of gastric cancer has remained, and cancer screening is normally expected to reduce gastric cancer death. We conducted a community-based, case-control study to evaluate the reduction of mortality from gastric cancer by endoscopic screening. Methods Case subjects were defined as individuals who had died of gastric cancer between 2003 and 2006 in 4 cities in Tottori Prefecture, and between 2006 and 2010 in Niigata City, Japan. Up to 6 control subjects were matched by sex, birth year (±3 years), and the residence of each corresponding case subject from the population lists in the study areas. Control subjects were required to be disease-free at the time when the corresponding case subjects were diagnosed as having gastric cancer. The odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for those who had participated in endoscopic or radiographic screening before the reference date when the case subjects were diagnosed as having gastric cancer, compared with subjects who had never participated in any screening. Conditional logistic-regression models for matched sets were used to estimate the ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The case subjects consisted of 288 men and 122 women for case subjects, with 2,292 matched control subjects. Compared with those who had never been screened before the date of diagnosis of gastric cancer in the case subjects, the ORs within 36 months from the date of diagnosis were 0.695 (95% CI: 0.489–0.986) for endoscopic screening and 0.865 (95% CI : 0.631–1.185) for radiographic screening. Conclusions The results suggest a 30% reduction in gastric cancer mortality by endoscopic screening compared with no screening within 36 months before the date of diagnosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Hamashima
- Cancer Screening Assessment and Management Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Mikizo Okamoto
- Division of Health Administration and Promotion, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Michiko Shabana
- Department of Internal Medicine, San-in Rosai Hospital, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Takuji Kishimoto
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Akira Fukao
- Departments of Public Health, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Yamagata, Japan
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Hirai K, Harada K, Seki A, Nagatsuka M, Arai H, Hazama A, Ishikawa Y, Hamashima C, Saito H, Shibuya D. Structural equation modeling for implementation intentions, cancer worry, and stages of mammography adoption. Psychooncology 2013; 22:2339-46. [PMID: 23661593 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] [Imported: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop a structural model for mammography adoption in Japanese middle-aged women by using constructs from the transtheoretical model (TTM), the theory of planned behavior (TPB), implementation intentions, and cancer worry. METHODS Questionnaires based on items including TTM, TPB, implementation intentions, cancer worry-related variables, and demographic variables were distributed to 1000 adult women aged 40 to 59 years, with 641 subjects being used in the final analysis (response rate = 64.1%). RESULTS Regarding the stage of adoption, 79 participants (12.3%) were at the precontemplation stage, 30 (4.7%) were at the relapse stage, 142 (22.2%) were at the contemplation stage, 88 (13.7%) were at the action stage, and 302 (47.1%) were at the maintenance stage. Our model, derived from structural equation modeling, revealed that the stage of mammography adoption was significantly affected by goal intentions, implementation intentions, perceived barriers, history of breast cancer screening, and relative risk. A logistic regression analysis revealed that goal intentions and implementation intentions significantly predicted mammography uptake within 1 year. CONCLUSION This study developed an integrated model constructed from TTM, TPB, implementation intentions, and cancer worry to account for mammography adoption in Japan, and also confirmed the predictive validity of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hirai
- Department of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Harada
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aiko Seki
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Japan, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miwa Nagatsuka
- National Hospital Organization Osaka Medical Center, Tyuo-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Arai
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Hosei University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Hazama
- Public Health Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ishikawa
- Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical School, Shimono City, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chisato Hamashima
- Screening Assessment and Management Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Screening Assessment and Management Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shibuya
- Cancer Detection Center, Miyagi Cancer Society, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Hamashima C, Okamoto M, Shabana M, Osaki Y, Kishimoto T. Sensitivity of endoscopic screening for gastric cancer by the incidence method. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:653-9. [PMID: 23364866 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Although radiographic screening for gastric cancer has been conducted in Japan, it is anticipated that endoscopy will become a new screening method because of its high detection rate. The sensitivities of endoscopic and radiographic screening were calculated by the detection method and the incidence method based on the results of community-based screening in Japan. There were 56,676 screenings for gastric cancer using endoscopy and radiography from April 2002 to March 2007 in Yonago, Japan. The target age group was from 40 to 79 years. Screen-detected and interval cancers were investigated based on a screening database linked to the Tottori Cancer Registry. All gastric cancers diagnosed within 1 year after a negative screen were considered interval cancers. Based on the screening history, these were divided into prevalence screening and incidence screening. Prevalence screenings included 7,388 for endoscopic screening and 5,410 for radiographic screening, whereas incidence screenings included 18,021 for endoscopic screening and 11,417 for radiographic screening. The sensitivity of prevalence screening calculated by the incidence method was 0.886 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.698-0.976) for endoscopic screening and 0.831 (95% CI = 0.586-0.964) for radiographic screening; however, the difference was not significant (p = 0.626). The sensitivity of incidence screening calculated by the incidence method was 0.954 (95% CI = 0.842-0.994) for endoscopic screening and 0.855 (95% CI = 0.637-0.970) for radiographic screening (p = 0.177). Endoscopic screening for gastric cancer had a higher sensitivity than radiographic screening by the incidence method in both screening rounds. However, further study is needed to evaluate mortality reduction and to estimate overdiagnosis with endoscopic screening for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Hamashima
- Cancer Screening Assessment and Management Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
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Harada K, Hirai K, Arai H, Ishikawa Y, Fukuyoshi J, Hamashima C, Saito H, Shibuya D. Worry and intention among Japanese women: implications for an audience segmentation strategy to promote mammography adoption. Health Commun 2013; 28:709-717. [PMID: 23356504 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2012.711511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] [Imported: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
We examined the predictive validity of a segmentation strategy based on intention and cancer worry for mammography adoption and explored key factors for promoting mammography adoption in each segment. A questionnaire survey was completed by 641 women aged 40-59 years. Among them, 559 answered a follow-up survey after 15 months. They were categorized into five segments: maintenance group (S5), higher implementation intention group (S4), higher goal intention group (S3), higher worry group (S2), or lower worry group (S1). The odds of participants in each segment adopting mammography during the follow-up period were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify psychological predictors (five attitudes to mammography and perceived health competence) of transition to upper segments (S1 vs. S2, S2 vs. S3, S3 vs. S4, S4 vs. S5). Compared to S5, other segments did not undertake mammography at significant rates during the follow-up. The following were significant predictors for inclusion in upper segments: Lack of importance and perceived health competence were associated with inclusion in S2; lack of importance and barriers to screening were associated with inclusion in S3; perceived health competence was associated with inclusion in S4; and lack of importance was associated with inclusion in S5. These results confirm the predictive validity of a segmentation strategy, and indicate that there might be specific key factors for each segment in promoting mammography adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Harada
- a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and Faculty of Sports Sciences , Waseda University
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von Karsa L, Patnick J, Segnan N, Atkin W, Halloran S, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Malila N, Minozzi S, Moss S, Quirke P, Steele RJ, Vieth M, Aabakken L, Altenhofen L, Ancelle-Park R, Antoljak N, Anttila A, Armaroli P, Arrossi S, Austoker J, Banzi R, Bellisario C, Blom J, Brenner H, Bretthauer M, Camargo Cancela M, Costamagna G, Cuzick J, Dai M, Daniel J, Dekker E, Delicata N, Ducarroz S, Erfkamp H, Espinàs JA, Faivre J, Faulds Wood L, Flugelman A, Frkovic-Grazio S, Geller B, Giordano L, Grazzini G, Green J, Hamashima C, Herrmann C, Hewitson P, Hoff G, Holten I, Jover R, Kaminski MF, Kuipers EJ, Kurtinaitis J, Lambert R, Launoy G, Lee W, Leicester R, Leja M, Lieberman D, Lignini T, Lucas E, Lynge E, Mádai S, Marinho J, Maučec Zakotnik J, Minoli G, Monk C, Morais A, Muwonge R, Nadel M, Neamtiu L, Peris Tuser M, Pignone M, Pox C, Primic-Zakelj M, Psaila J, Rabeneck L, Ransohoff D, Rasmussen M, Regula J, Ren J, Rennert G, Rey J, Riddell RH, Risio M, Rodrigues V, Saito H, Sauvaget C, Scharpantgen A, Schmiegel W, Senore C, Siddiqi M, Sighoko D, Smith R, Smith S, Suchanek S, Suonio E, Tong W, Törnberg S, Van Cutsem E, Vignatelli L, Villain P, Voti L, Watanabe H, Watson J, Winawer S, Young G, Zaksas V, Zappa M, Valori R. European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis: overview and introduction to the full supplement publication. Endoscopy 2013; 45:51-9. [PMID: 23212726 PMCID: PMC4482205 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1325997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] [Imported: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Population-based screening for early detection and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and precursor lesions, using evidence-based methods, can be effective in populations with a significant burden of the disease provided the services are of high quality. Multidisciplinary, evidence-based guidelines for quality assurance in CRC screening and diagnosis have been developed by experts in a project co-financed by the European Union. The 450-page guidelines were published in book format by the European Commission in 2010. They include 10 chapters and over 250 recommendations, individually graded according to the strength of the recommendation and the supporting evidence. Adoption of the recommendations can improve and maintain the quality and effectiveness of an entire screening process, including identification and invitation of the target population, diagnosis and management of the disease and appropriate surveillance in people with detected lesions. To make the principles, recommendations and standards in the guidelines known to a wider professional and scientific community and to facilitate their use in the scientific literature, the original content is presented in journal format in an open-access Supplement of Endoscopy. The editors have prepared the present overview to inform readers of the comprehensive scope and content of the guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. von Karsa
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - J. Patnick
- NHS Cancer Screening Programmes Sheffield, United Kingdom,Oxford University Cancer Screening Research Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - N. Segnan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France,CPO Piemonte, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin Italy
| | - W. Atkin
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S. Halloran
- Bowel Cancer Screening Southern Programme Hub, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, United Kingdom,University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | | - N. Malila
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S. Minozzi
- CPO Piemonte, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin Italy
| | - S. Moss
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Cancer Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - P. Quirke
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James’ University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - R. J. Steele
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - M. Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - L. Aabakken
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - L. Altenhofen
- Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - N. Antoljak
- Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia,University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A. Anttila
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P. Armaroli
- CPO Piemonte, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin Italy
| | | | - J. Austoker
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R. Banzi
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - C. Bellisario
- CPO Piemonte, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin Italy
| | - J. Blom
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H. Brenner
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Bretthauer
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M. Camargo Cancela
- National Cancer Registry, Cork, Ireland,Formerly International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - J. Cuzick
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - M. Dai
- Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J. Daniel
- Formerly International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France,American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - E. Dekker
- Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N. Delicata
- National Health Screening Services, Ministry of Health, Elderly & Community Care, Valletta, Malta
| | - S. Ducarroz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - H. Erfkamp
- University of Applied Sciences FH Joanneum, Graz, Austria
| | - J. A. Espinàs
- Catalan Cancer Strategy, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - J. Faivre
- Digestive Cancer Registry of Burgundy, INSERM U866, University and CHU, Dijon, France
| | - L. Faulds Wood
- Lynn’s Bowel Cancer Campaign, Twickenham, United Kingdom
| | - A. Flugelman
- National Israeli Breast and Colorectal Cancer Detection, Haifa, Israel
| | - S. Frkovic-Grazio
- Department of Gynecological Pathology and Cytology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - B. Geller
- University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - L. Giordano
- CPO Piemonte, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin Italy
| | - G. Grazzini
- Cancer Prevention and Research Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - J. Green
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - C. Herrmann
- Formerly International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France,Cancer League of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - P. Hewitson
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - G. Hoff
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway,Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway
| | - I. Holten
- Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R. Jover
- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - M. F. Kaminski
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - R. Lambert
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - G. Launoy
- U1086 INSERM – UCBN, CHU Caen, France
| | - W. Lee
- The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - M. Leja
- University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - D. Lieberman
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - T. Lignini
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - E. Lucas
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - E. Lynge
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S. Mádai
- MaMMa Healthcare Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J. Marinho
- Health Administration Central Region Portugal, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - G. Minoli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Valduce Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - C. Monk
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharma Europe, London, United Kingdom
| | - A. Morais
- Regional Health Administration, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R. Muwonge
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - M. Nadel
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - L. Neamtiu
- Prof. Dr Ion Chiricuţă, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - M. Peris Tuser
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - M. Pignone
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - C. Pox
- Ruhr Universität, Bochum, Germany
| | - M. Primic-Zakelj
- Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J. Psaila
- National Health Screening Services, Ministry of Health, Elderly & Community Care, Valletta, Malta
| | - L. Rabeneck
- University of Toronto and Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - D. Ransohoff
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - M. Rasmussen
- Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. Regula
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J. Ren
- Formerly International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - G. Rennert
- National Israeli Breast and Colorectal Cancer Detection, Haifa, Israel
| | - J. Rey
- Institut Arnault Tzanck, St Laurent du Var, France
| | | | - M. Risio
- Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo-Torino, Italy
| | - V. Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Medicina – Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - H. Saito
- National Cancer Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C. Sauvaget
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - C. Senore
- CPO Piemonte, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin Italy
| | - M. Siddiqi
- Cancer Foundation of India, Kolkata, India
| | - D. Sighoko
- Formerly International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France,The University of Chicago, Department of Medicine, Hematology–Oncology Section, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Global Health, Chicago, United States of America
| | - R. Smith
- American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - S. Smith
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - S. Suchanek
- Charles University and Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E. Suonio
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - W. Tong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S. Törnberg
- Department of Cancer Screening, Stockholm Gotland Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - L. Vignatelli
- Agenzia Sanitaria e Sociale Regionale–Regione Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy
| | - P. Villain
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - L. Voti
- Formerly International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France,University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - J. Watson
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S. Winawer
- Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
| | - G. Young
- Gastrointestinal Services, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - V. Zaksas
- State Patient Fund, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - M. Zappa
- Cancer Prevention and Research Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - R. Valori
- NHS Endoscopy, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Hamashima C, Yoshida K. Cost-effectiveness analysis of prostate cancer screening. Environ Health Prev Med 2012; 5:111-7. [PMID: 21432194 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.2000.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/1999] [Accepted: 07/07/2000] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] [Imported: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the optimal strategy for prostate cancer screening, the cost-effectiveness of screening was analyzed using a medical decision model. One hundred thousand asymptomatic males between the ages of 40 and 69 were modeled with and without screening. The subjects were divided into three 10-year age groups. We used a 5-year survival rate as an effectiveness point and assumed after 5 year survival free from prostate cancer. We considered three potential programs: 1) screening with digital rectal examination (DRE), 2) screening with prostate specific antigen (PSA), and 3) screening with a combination of DRE and PSA. The study was analyzed from the payer's perspective, and only direct medical costs were included. For each of the three age groups, PSA screening was more cost-effective than either DRE screening or a combination of DRE and PSA screening. The cost-effectiveness ratio for the combination of DRE and PSA screening was 1.1-2.3 times more expensive dian that of PSA screening. If the compliance rate for work-up exams is 80%, the cost-effectiveness of prostate cancer screening is approximate to that of gastric cancer screening. In conclusion, PSA screening is the most cost-effective strategy for prostate cancer screening when compared with both DRE and the combination of DRE and PSA screening. But prostate cancer screening should be carefully conducted, taking the cost-effectiveness of the different strategies and target groups into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hamashima
- Department of Preventive Medicine, St.Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sogao Miyamae-ku Kawasaki, 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan
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Machii R, Saika K, Higashi T, Aoki A, Hamashima C, Saito H. Evaluation of feedback interventions for improving the quality assurance of cancer screening in Japan: study design and report of the baseline survey. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2012; 42:96-104. [PMID: 22194630 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyr185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] [Imported: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The importance of quality assurance in cancer screening has recently gained increasing attention in Japan. To evaluate and improve quality, checklists and process indicators have been developed. To explore effective methods of enhancing quality in cancer screening, we started a randomized control study of the methods of evaluation and feedback for cancer control from 2009 to 2014. METHODS We randomly assigned 1270 municipal governments, equivalent to 71% of all Japanese municipal governments that performed screening programs, into three groups. The high-intensity intervention groups (n = 425) were individually evaluated using both checklist performance and process indicator values, while the low-intensity intervention groups (n= 421) were individually evaluated on the basis of only checklist performance. The control group (n = 424) received only a basic report that included the national average of checklist performance scores. We repeated the survey for each municipality's quality assurance activity performance using checklists and process indicators. RESULTS In this paper, we report our study design and the result of the baseline survey. The checklist adherence rates were especially low in the checklist elements related to invitation of individuals, detailed monitoring of process indicators such as cancer detection rates according to screening histories and appropriate selection of screening facilities. Screening rate and percentage of examinees who underwent detailed examination tended to be lower for large cities when compared with smaller cities for all cancer sites. CONCLUSIONS The performance of the Japanese cancer screening program in 2009 was identified for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Machii
- Screening Research Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Higashi T, Machii R, Aoki A, Hamashima C, Saito H. Evaluation and revision of checklists for screening facilities and municipal governmental programs for gastric cancer and colorectal cancer screening in Japan. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2010; 40:1021-1030. [PMID: 20534683 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyq091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] [Imported: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the appropriateness of current checklists created by a governmental committee to assess screening programs run by municipal governments and service provider facilities for gastric and colorectal cancer, and to accumulate expert opinions to provide insights aimed at the next revision. METHODS We convened an expert panel that consisted of physicians nominated by regional offices of the Japanese Society for Gastrointestinal Cancer Screening and radiology technicians nominated by the technician chapter of the society. The panel rated the appropriateness of each checklist item on a scale of 1-9 (1, extremely inappropriate; 9, extremely appropriate) twice, between which they had a face-to-face discussion meeting. During the process they were allowed to propose modifications and additions to the items. RESULTS In the first round of rating, the panelists rated all 57 and 56 checklists items for gastric and colorectal cancer, respectively, as appropriate based on an acceptance rule determined a priori. During the process of the face-to-face discussion, however, the panel proposed modifications to 23 (40%) and 22 (39%) items, respectively, and the addition of 27 new items each. After integrating overlapping items and rating again for appropriateness, 66 and 64 items, respectively, were accepted as the revised checklist set. CONCLUSIONS The expert panel considered current checklists for colorectal and gastric cancer-screening programs and facilities to be suitable. Their proposals for a new set of checklist items will help further improve the checklists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Higashi
- Department of Public Health/Health Policy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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