1
|
Azalim S, Camargos P, Alves AL, Senna MIB, Sakurai E, Schwabe Keller W. Exposure to environmental factors and relationship to allergic rhinitis and/or asthma. ANNALS OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE : AAEM 2014; 21:59-63. [PMID: 24738498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Studies analyzing risk factors, multiple indoor and outdoor factors related to asthma and/or allergic rhinitis (AR) in childhood, are very rare. The presented study was carried out to simultaneously assess host-related, indoor and particulate matter exposure with current allergic rhinitis (AR) and/or asthma in children (6-7 years) and adolescents (13-14 years). MATERIAL AND METHODS The method was a cross-sectional population-based study in which participants were diagnosed by means of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) written questionnaire. RESULTS Exposure to indoor risk factors were verified in 1,302 individuals, in which the prevalence of AR, asthma and AR-asthma comorbidity were 37.3%, 28.4%, and 16%, for children and 31.5%, 16.2%, and 10.5% for adolescents, respectively. Smoking during pregnancy was associated with current asthma (OR=1.5), second-hand smoking with AR-asthma comorbidity (OR=1.4) and visible mold on the walls with current AR, asthma, and AR-asthma comorbidity (OR=1.6). In a subgroup of 590 children, in addition to the indoor risk factors, exposure to PM10 was assessed. In this joint analysis, there was association with the same previously mentioned risk factors (p values ≤ 0.5) and a negative association to PM10 (p ≤ 0.002). CONCLUSION The results suggest that avoidance of smoking during pregnancy, second-hand smoking and exposure to mould at home can contribute to reducing current AR and/or current asthma. Exposure to PM10 was not associated with the prevalence rate of these diseases.
Collapse
|
2
|
Marques-Marinho FD, Zanon JCDC, Sakurai E, Reis IA, Lima AA, Vianna-Soares CD. Quality evaluation of simvastatin compounded capsules. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502011000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin is commercially available as tablets and compounded capsules in Brazil. Very few reports regarding these capsules' quality, and consequently their efficacy, are available. The pharmaceutical quality of 30 batches of 20 mg simvastatin capsules from the market was evaluated by weight determination, content uniformity, disintegration (Brazilian Pharmacopeia), assay and dissolution test (USP32 tablet monograph). A HPLC method was developed for assay, content uniformity and dissolution test, and specifications were also established. Out of the 30 batches evaluated, 29 showed capsule disintegration within 45 min and individual weight variation was within ±10% or ±7.5% relative to average weight, for < or > 300 mg, respectively. Only 27 batches met dissolution test criteria with values >80% of the labeled amount in 45 min; 21 batches showed simvastatin content between 90.0-110.0% of the labeled amount and 19 batches had at least 9 out of 10 capsules with content uniformity values between 85.0-115.0% of the labeled amount with RSD<6.0%. Only 14 of all (30) batches fully met pharmacopeial quality standards. The establishment of test conditions and specification parameters for simvastatin capsules showed that there are relevant pharmacopeial quality differences between batches compounded by different pharmacies. For 53.33% of the tested products hypercholesterolemic treatment efficacy may be compromised.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sakurai E, Yamasaki S, Iizuka Y, Hikichi N, Niwa H. The Optical Resolution of Racemic Chlorpheniramine and Its Stereoselective Pharmacokinetics in Rat Plasma. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 44:44-7. [PMID: 1350627 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1992.tb14361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An ovomucoid-conjugated column has been developed for the chiral stationary-phase liquid chromatographic resolution of racemic chlorpheniramine with a quantitation limit of 0·05 μg mL−1. The assay was used to study the stereoselective kinetics of chlorpheniramine enantiomers in rats. After bolus intravenous administration of racemic chlorpheniramine maleate (20 mg kg−1), plasma concentration of the (–)-form was higher than that of the (+)-form. In the elimination phase, the concentrations of (+)- and (–)-chlorpheniramine in the plasma declined biexponentially with half-lives of 18·2 and 50·0 min, respectively. Although there was no significant difference in blood-to-plasma concentration ratio of both enantiomers, the apparent total blood clearance of (+)-chlorpheniramine was twice as large as that of the (–)-isomer. Binding of (–)-chlorpheniramine to rat plasma protein was stronger than that of (+)-chlorpheniramine suggesting stereoselective pharmacokinetics may be due to a difference in the plasma protein binding.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sakurai E, Yamasaki S, Iizuka Y, Hikichi N, Maeyama K, Watanabe T. Enantioselective Pharmacokinetics of α-Fluoromethylhistidine in Rats and Its Comparison with Histidine. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 44:921-5. [PMID: 1361538 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1992.tb03237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The enantiomer-specific pharmacokinetics of histidine and its analogue, α-fluoromethylhistidine (FMH), were investigated in rats. After bolus intravenous administration of each enantiomer of histidine or FMH at a dose of 40·3 mg kg−1 as free base equivalents, the plasma concentrations of l-histidine, d-histidine, (S)-FMH and (R)-FMH decreased biexponentially with half-lives of 39·2, 20·8, 32·8 and 25·0 min, respectively, in the elimination phase. Although the concentration of l-histidine in the plasma was lower than that of d-histidine, there was no large difference in plasma concentration-time curves of the enantiomers of FMH. The apparent total clearance of l-histidine from rat plasma was about 4 times that of d-histidine or the enantiomers of FMH. l-Histidine was quickly transferred to the peripheral tissues where the concentrations also decrease biphasically. l-Histidine penetrated more rapidly into the brain than either its d-enantiomer or a compound closely related in structure such as FMH. However, the disappearance of l-histidine from the various brain regions was very rapid. In contrast, brain/plasma ratios of d-histidine and (S)-FMH increased continuously after injection of these compounds, indicating that d-histidine or (S)-FMH partitioned into the brain and was very slowly removed from the brain; (R)-FMH was not distributed to the brain. These results suggested stereoselectivity in disposition of histidine and FMH enantiomers in rats.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sakurai E, Kuramasu A, Watanabe T, Yanai K. Multiple histamine receptor gene knockout mice and their phenotypes. Inflamm Res 2009; 58 Suppl 1:41-2. [PMID: 19271122 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
6
|
Sakurai E, Sakurai E, Watanabe T, Yanai K. Uptake of L-histidine and histamine biosynthesis at the blood-brain barrier. Inflamm Res 2009; 58 Suppl 1:34-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
7
|
Lasmar LMLBF, Camargos PAM, Costa LF, Fonseca MTM, Fontes MJF, Ibiapina CC, Alvim CG, Moura JAR, Goulart EMA, Sakurai E. Compliance with inhaled corticosteroid treatment: rates reported by guardians and measured by the pharmacy. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2007; 83:471-6. [PMID: 17940683 DOI: 10.2223/jped.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is elevated morbidity associated with asthma, particularly in developing countries, and failure to comply with inhaled corticosteroid treatment contributes to this morbidity. The objective of this study is to compare rates of compliance with beclomethasone treatment reported by parents or guardians with those measured by pharmacy dispensing records. METHODS A concurrent cohort study of 12 months' duration was carried out, enrolling 106 asthmatic children and adolescents, selected at random. Linear regression was used to compare rates of compliance reported by parents or guardians with the pharmacy dispensing records at the service, every 4 months after enrollment on the study. RESULTS Compliance rates reported by parents and/or guardians were always higher (p < 0.001) and exhibited a weak correlation with pharmacy records during the period studied; fourth (r = 0.37) and twelfth (r = 0.31) months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The rates of compliance reported by parents were overestimated during all study periods. The compliance rates of children with asthma should also be monitored by other methods and, in this case, pharmacy records effectively revealed compliance failures. Given its low cost, this method is indicated for verification of these compliance rates.
Collapse
|
8
|
Machado ACS, Guimarães EMB, Sakurai E, Fioravante FCR, Amaral WN, Alves MFC. High titers of Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies in Brazilian women with tubal occlusion or previous ectopic pregnancy. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2007; 2007:24816. [PMID: 17541464 PMCID: PMC1874668 DOI: 10.1155/2007/24816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate serum chlamydia antibody titers (CATs) in tubal occlusion or previous ectopic pregnancy and the associated risk factors. METHODS The study population consisted of 55 women wih tubal damage and 55 parous women. CAT was measured using the whole-cell inclusion immunofluorescence test and cervical chlamydial DNA detected by PCR. Odds ratios were calculated to assess variables associated with C. trachomatis infection. RESULTS The prevalence of chlamydial antibodies and antibody titers in women with tubal occlusion or previous ectopic pregnancy was significantly higher (P < .01) than in parous women. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that chlamydia IgG antibodies were associated with tubal damage and with a larger number of lifetime sexual partners. CONCLUSIONS Chlamydia antibody titers were associated with tubal occlusion, prior ectopic pregnancy, and with sexual behavior, suggesting that a chlamydia infection was the major contributor to the tubal damage in these women.
Collapse
|
9
|
Nozaki M, Raisler B, Sakurai E, Sarma J, Barnum S, Lambris J, Chen Y, Zhang K, Ambati B, Baffi J, Ambati J. Drusen complement components C3a and C5a promote choroidal neovascularization. Am J Ophthalmol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
10
|
Araújo RSC, Guimarães EMB, Alves MFC, Sakurai E, Domingos LT, Fioravante FCR, Machado ACS. Prevalence and risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adolescent females and young women in central Brazil. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 25:397-400. [PMID: 16767489 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-006-0142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the prevalence and risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adolescent females and young women in central Brazil, 296 subjects attending two public health services were evaluated. The overall prevalence of C. trachomatis infection, as determined using polymerase chain reaction, was 19.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.3-24.7). In multivariate analysis, young age (odds ratio [OR]adjusted 2.32, 95%CI 1.1-4.8, p<0.05) and having 2-3 (ORadjusted 3.41, 95%CI 1.6-6.3, p<0.05) or >or=4 sexual partners in life (ORadjusted 3.10, 95%CI 1.1-6.3, p<0.05) were factors significantly associated with chlamydial infection. In conclusion, the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was high in the studied population and risk factors were related to age and sexual behavior.
Collapse
|
11
|
Massara CL, Peixoto SV, Enk MJ, da Silva Barros H, dos Santos Carvalho O, Sakurai E, Schall V. Evaluation of an improved approach using residences of schistosomiasis-positive school children to identify carriers in an area of low endemicity. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2006; 74:495-9. [PMID: 16525112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
School children were used as indicators for the identification of schistosomiasis-positive family members in a area of low endemicity. This study was designed to improve current schistosomiasis control programs by applying this strategy to identify schistosomiasis-positive individuals in a more efficient way. The initial prevalence among school children was 8.6%. However, the prevalence among the family members of these school children increased to 15.5%. In contrast to these findings the prevalence in family members of schistosomiasis-negative school children was 3.8%. Although the applied methodology showed a relatively low sensitivity (50.0%), the high negative predictive value (87.7%) indicates that a few positive family members of school children with a negative stool result will be missed. This shows that this method of evaluation could be a strategy for a more efficient and cheaper identification of schistosomiasis-positive individuals in areas of low endemicity.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yamashita T, Yamamoto-Ikemoto R, Sakurai E. Treatment of dye works wastewater using anaerobic-oxic biological filter reactor packed with carbon fibre and aerated with micro-bubbles. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2006; 53:151-61. [PMID: 16862785 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A new anaerobic-oxic biological filter reactor, which was packed with carbon fibre and aerated with micro-bubbles, was proposed. The reactor performance was examined using dye works wastewater compared with the activated sludge reactor. Effluent SS from the experimental reactor was significantly lower than that from the activated sludge reactor, and transparency was higher. Temperatures of the activated sludge reactor were over 35 degrees C and DOC removal ratios were 40-80% depending on the influent wastewater. On the other hand, the DOC removal efficiency of the experimental reactor was over 70%, when the reactor temperature was over 22 degrees C. In the anaerobic zone, sulphate reduction occurred predominantly and acetate was produced. In the oxic reactor, sulphur oxidation and organic removal occurred. When the amount of sulphate reduction in the anaerobic zone increased, DOC and colour in effluent decreased. The sulphate reducing activity of biofilm at 30 degrees C was three times higher than those at 20 degrees C. The sulphate reducing activity of biofilm in the oxic zone was higher than those in the anaerobic zone, meaning that the sulphate reduction-oxidation cycles were established in the biofilm of the oxic zone. Microbial community of sulphate reducing bacteria was examined by in situ hybridisation with 16S rRNA targeted oligonucleotide probes. Desulfobulbus spp. was most common sulphate reducing bacteria in the anaerobic zone. In the oxic zone, Desulfobulbus spp. and Desulfococcus spp. were observed.
Collapse
|
13
|
Perdigão PF, Silva EC, Sakurai E, Soares de Araújo N, Gomez RS. Idiopathic bone cavity: a clinical, radiographic, and histological study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 41:407-9. [PMID: 14614871 DOI: 10.1016/s0266-4356(03)00145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical, radiographic and histological characteristics of idiopathic bone cavities from the Oral Pathology archives at Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Forty-three cases were retrieved. Age, sex, some radiographic variables and morphological variables measured of the connective tissue, were studied. The results showed the men who developed cavities tended to be younger than women (median 16 years (range 11-48) compared with 18 (12-64)). Radiographically rounded lesions that were single, unilocular, and small were more common in younger patients. While rounded cavities occurred mainly in the anterior region, cavities with interdental scalloping occurred in the posterior area. The median age of the patients with thin connective tissue on the wall of the bony cavity was lower than that of those with a thicker lining. In conclusion, the present study shows that there is a significant relation between age and sex, radiographic and histological variables. These findings may contribute to the diagnosis of idiopathic bone cavities.
Collapse
|
14
|
Uchiyama M, Matsuno N, Nakamura Y, Iwamoto H, Hama K, Narumi K, Kikuchi K, Kubota K, Takeuchi H, Sakurai E, Nagao T. Usefulness of preservation by machine perfusion of liver grafts from non-heart-beating donors-a porcine model. Transplant Proc 2003; 35:105-6. [PMID: 12591327 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)03801-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Kozaki K, Sakurai E, Nagao T, Kozaki M. Usefulness of continuous hypothermic perfusion preservation in renal transplantation from non-heart-beating donors. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:2592-7. [PMID: 12431537 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)03438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
16
|
Sun XM, Kuramasu A, Makabe-kobayashi Y, Sakurai E, Watanabe T, Ohtsu H. Effect of intracellular histamine on the gene expression profile in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. Inflamm Res 2002; 51 Suppl 1:S11-2. [PMID: 12013388 DOI: 10.1007/pl00022424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
17
|
Nishino S, Fujiki N, Ripley B, Sakurai E, Kato M, Watanabe T, Mignot E, Yanai K. Decreased brain histamine content in hypocretin/orexin receptor-2 mutated narcoleptic dogs. Neurosci Lett 2001; 313:125-8. [PMID: 11682143 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A growing amount of evidence suggests that a deficiency in hypocretin/orexin neurotransmission is critically involved in animal and human forms of narcolepsy. Since hypocretin-containing neurons innervate and excite histaminergic tuberomammillary neurons, altered histaminergic neurotransmission may also be involved in narcolepsy. We found a significant decrease in histamine content in the cortex and thalamus, two structures important for histamine-mediated cortical arousal, in Hcrtr-2 mutated narcoleptic Dobermans. In contrast, dopamine and norepinephrine contents in these structures were elevated in narcoleptic animals, a finding consistent with our hypothesis of altered catecholaminergic transmission in these animals. Considering the fact that histamine promotes wakefulness, decreases in histaminergic neurotransmission may also account for the sleep abnormalities in hypocretin-deficient narcolepsy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Son LZ, Yanai K, Mobarakeh JI, Kuramasu A, Li ZY, Sakurai E, Hashimoto Y, Watanabe T, Watanabe T. Histamine H1 receptor-mediated inhibition of potassium-evoked release of 5-hydroxytryptamine from mouse forebrains. Behav Brain Res 2001; 124:113-20. [PMID: 11640963 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The release of endogenous serotonin and dopamine from slices of mouse forebrains induced by high extracellular K(+) was examined in histamine H1 receptor knockout mice. The release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) evoked by 30 mM K(+) significantly decreased in the presence of 10-50 microM histamine in wild-type mice, but was not inhibited in the mutant mice. Histamine H1 receptor-mediated inhibition of serotonin release in wild-type mice was also observed in the presence of thioperamide, an H3 antagonist. From these data, we postulate that endogenous histamine indirectly inhibits the release of 5-HT through H1 receptors in addition to H3 receptors. The treatment of 2 microM tetrodotoxin could partly abolish the effects of histamine on K(+)-evoked 5-HT release. Bicuculline, a GABA(A) antagonist, could reverse the histamine-induced inhibition of 5-HT release in wild-type mice, suggesting that H1 receptors facilitate the release of GABA, which in turn inhibits 5-HT release through GABA(A) receptors. The difference in the effects of d- and l-chlorpheniramine on K(+)-evoked 5-HT release in wild-type mice further supports the evidence of the function of H1 receptor modulating 5-HT release.
Collapse
|
19
|
Matsuda Y, Sakurai E, Ozeki H, Kunou N, Nakajima K, Ogura Y. [A rabbit model for human cytomegalovirus retinitis]. NIPPON GANKA GAKKAI ZASSHI 2001; 105:597-602. [PMID: 11579585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a rabbit model for human cytomegalovirus(HCMV) retinitis. METHODS 0.1 ml of 1 x 10(6) plaque forming units/ml HCMV was injected into the vitreous cavity of 10 pigmented rabbit eyes. The eyes were examined ophthalmoscopically on days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 and once a week thereafter until 4 weeks after inoculation. Vitreal and retinal findings were graded from 0+ to 4+ on a scale of increasing severity. In addition, we examined the enucleated eyes 3 weeks after HCMV inoculation by histological and immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS All injected eyes developed vitreoretinal lesions. Vitreous opacities appeared the next day and increased until 4 days after HCMV inoculation. Whitish retinal exudates occurred on day 3 and increased until 3 weeks after HCMV inoculation. Vitreoretinal lesions then disappeared by 4 weeks after inoculation. Histological examination revealed intraretinal infiltration of inflammatory cells and disorganization of the inner retinal architecture. HCMV antigens were detected inside the retina by immunofluorescence using anti early protein antibody against HCMV. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that this rabbit model can be useful to develop and evaluate a new treatment modality for cytomegalovirus retinitis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Sakurai E, Matsuda Y, Ozeki H, Kunou N, Nakajima K, Ogura Y. Scleral plug of biodegradable polymers containing ganciclovir for experimental cytomegalovirus retinitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42:2043-8. [PMID: 11481270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of a biodegradable scleral plug containing ganciclovir (GCV) in a rabbit model of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) retinitis. METHODS To develop a rabbit model for HCMV retinitis, HCMV solution was injected once into the vitreous cavity of pigmented rabbits. The treated animals were divided into three groups: group A received no treatment, group B was treated once with GCV solution, and group C was treated with a scleral plug containing GCV. Rabbits in group B received an intravitreal injection of GCV solution 1 week after HCMV inoculation. In group C, the scleral plug containing GCV was implanted in the vitreous of the rabbits 1 week after HCMV inoculation. Ophthalmoscopically, vitreoretinal findings in each group were graded from 0+ to 4+ every week for 4 weeks after HCMV injection. RESULTS Eyes of group A rabbits showed whitish retinal exudates and vitreous opacities 3 days after HCMV inoculation. These materials increased gradually until 3 weeks after HCMV inoculation. Scores for vitreoretinal lesions were significantly lower in eyes of group B rabbits compared with those of group A at 1 week after GCV injection (P < 0.05). However, vitreoretinal inflammation in eyes of group B rabbits increased again thereafter, and no significant difference in inflammation between groups A and B was found 2 weeks after GCV injection. In eyes of group C, scores for vitreoretinal lesions were significantly lower compared with those in both group A and group B at 3 weeks after HCMV inoculation (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that sustained release of GCV into the vitreous cavity with biodegradable scleral plugs was effective for the treatment of experimentally induced HCMV retinitis in rabbits.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ohtsu H, Tanaka S, Terui T, Hori Y, Makabe-Kobayashi Y, Pejler G, Tchougounova E, Hellman L, Gertsenstein M, Hirasawa N, Sakurai E, Buzás E, Kovács P, Csaba G, Okada M, Hara M, Mar L, Numayama-Tsuruta K, Ishigaki-Suzuki S, Ohuchi K, Ichikawa A, Falus A, Watanabe T, Nagy A. Mice lacking histidine decarboxylase exhibit abnormal mast cells. FEBS Lett 2001; 502:53-6. [PMID: 11478947 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) synthesizes histamine from histidine in mammals. To evaluate the role of histamine, we generated HDC-deficient mice using a gene targeting method. The mice showed a histamine deficiency and lacked histamine-synthesizing activity from histidine. These HDC-deficient mice are viable and fertile but exhibit a decrease in the numbers of mast cells while the remaining mast cells show an altered morphology and reduced granular content. The amounts of mast cell granular proteases were tremendously reduced. The HDC-deficient mice provide a unique and promising model for studying the role of histamine in a broad range of normal and disease processes.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The antidiabetic effect of hot water extracts from Folium Mori was investigated in GK rat, one of the animal models of non-insulin dependent diabetic mellitus types. Folium Mori extracts (150 mg/kg) significantly reduced the blood glucose of GK rat from 203.8 +/- 29.8 to 138.5 +/- 21.2 mg/dl at 14 days after oral administration. However, in normal rats, blood glucose and insulin levels were not changed by treatment with Folium Mori. The Folium Mori also decreased blood glucose and improved glucose tolerance at 14 days after repeated administration in GK rats. The Folium Mori treatment significantly increased glucose metabolism in the glucose clamp test for GK rats. These results suggest that Folium Mori has quite unique properties such as raising insulin sensitivity and improving insulin resistance.
Collapse
|
23
|
Sakurai E, Sakurai E, Tanaka Y, Watanabe T, Singh Jossan S, Oreland L. Effects of histamine H3-receptor ligands on brain monoamine oxidase in various mammalian species. Brain Res 2001; 906:180-3. [PMID: 11430877 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of an H3 agonist, R-alpha-methylhistamine (alpha-MeHA), and an H3 antagonist, thioperamide, on monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in the hypothalamus of rat, monkey and human brains were compared in vitro. The histamine H(3)-receptor ligands competitively inhibited MAO-B, but noncompetitively inhibited MAO-A in all three mammalian species. However, alpha-MeHA inhibited MAO-A more potently than MAO-B at high concentrations in all three species. The K(i) values for MAO-A of alpha-MeHA in hypothalamic homogenates of rat, monkey and human brains were estimated to be 1.1, 1.2 and 1.9 mM, respectively, suggesting that alpha-MeHA cannot behave as a substrate for the MAO inhibitor. In contrast, rat, monkey and human brain MAO-B activities were inhibited by thioperamide, with respective K(i) values of 174.6, 8.2 and 10.8 microM, more potently than MAO-A activity. These results indicate that thioperamide, which elicits a strong activation of histamine release and turnover to N-tele-methylhistamine from histamine, competitively inhibits the conversion of N-tele-methylhistamine to N-tele-methylimidazoleacetic acid in human and monkey brains where MAO-B predominates.
Collapse
|
24
|
Endou M, Yanai K, Sakurai E, Fukudo S, Hongo M, Watanabe T. Food-deprived activity stress decreased the activity of the histaminergic neuron system in rats. Brain Res 2001; 891:32-41. [PMID: 11164807 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus, which is rich in histaminergic neurons, is highly sensitive to aversive stimuli such as stress. Histamine H3 receptors, which regulate histamine release from the presynaptic site, are associated with stress-induced brain activity. In this study, we investigated the changes of histamine content and histamine H1 and H3 receptors in the brains of rats subjected to stress induced through food deprivation and physical activity on a running wheel (food-deprived activity stress). For purposes of comparison, we also examined the stressful effects of forced swimming on the histaminergic neuron system of rats. The H3 receptor density rapidly declined in the acute phase of stress but gradually returned to the control level in the chronic phase. On the other hand, the H1 receptor slowly decreased and remained at a low level during the chronic phase. These results reveal that there is a discrepancy between the levels of H1 and H3 receptors in the acute and chronic phases of stress. Brain histamine content gradually increased during the late phase of both food-deprived activity stress and forced swimming stress. These changes presumably resulted in the inhibition of histaminergic neuronal activity in the chronic stress condition. In accordance with this hypothesis, the intraventricular administration of histamine significantly reduced the hyperactivity caused by food-deprived activity stress. Since extensive exercise and restricted feeding are thought to be associated with anorexia nervosa, the abnormalities in the histaminergic neuron system might contribute to trait status in anorexia nervosa.
Collapse
|
25
|
Uchiyama M, Matsuno N, Hama K, Iwamoto H, Narumi Y, Kikuchi K, Degawa H, Kozaki K, Kubota K, Takeuchi H, Sakurai E, Asuwa N, Masuda Toshihiko Hirano S, Nagao T. Comparison between nonpulsatile and pulsatile machine perfusion preservation in liver transplantation from non-heart-beating donors. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:936-8. [PMID: 11267136 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)02276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|