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Milton AAP, Das S, Ghatak S, Srinivas K, Priya GB, Angappan M, Prasad MCB, Wahlang L, Sailo B, Lalhruaipuii L, Singh M, Garam GB, Sen A. Seroepidemological investigation of Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. in pigs reared by tribal communities and small-holder livestock farmers in Northeastern India. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298357. [PMID: 38377066 PMCID: PMC10878514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. are critical tissue-dwelling foodborne zoonotic parasites associated with pork consumption and pig rearing. Despite being a major pig-rearing region in the country, Northeastern India has not undergone any investigation regarding the presence of T. gondii and Trichinella spp. in pigs. Therefore, this study aims to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii and Trichinella spp. and identify associated risk factors in pigs reared by tribal communities and small-holder livestock farmers in the northeastern region of India. In a cross-sectional serological survey, 400 pigs from 400 households across five northeastern states of India underwent testing for the seroprevalence of porcine toxoplasmosis and trichinellosis. Serum samples (80 from each state) were analyzed using commercially available ELISA assays. Data on backyard farm characteristics and various management aspects were collected, and risk factors linked with prevalence were analyzed through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The findings revealed that the apparent and true prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies were 45% (40.12-49.88, 95% CI) and 45.7% (40.7-50.69, 95% CI), respectively. As for anti- Trichinella antibodies, both the apparent and true prevalence were 0.75% (-0.1-1.6, 95% CI). The univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that age above 24 months (OR 7.20, 95% CI 2.45-23.71), exposure to cats (OR = 5.87, 95% CI 2.55-14.05), and farms operating for breeding purposes (OR = 5.60, 95% CI 3.01-11.04) were significant risk factors associated with the seroprevalence of T. gondii. This study marks the initial documentation of the seroprevalence of T. gondii and Trichinella spp. in pigs reared by tribal communities in Northeastern India. The results emphasize the significance of these parasites as foodborne zoonotic threats in the region, potentially posing substantial public health risks, especially within tribal and rural communities. The insights derived from this research could be valuable in formulating targeted preventive and control strategies against T. gondii and Trichinella spp. in pigs, not only in this region but also in areas with similar rearing practices.
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Milton AAP, Das S, Ghatak S, Srinivas K, Angappan M, Prasad MCB, Wahlang L, Priya GB, Khan S, Sailo B, Lalhruaipuii, Singh M, Garam GB, Sen A. First Seroepidemiological Investigation of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Backyard Pigs from Northeastern India: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2023; 15:307-317. [PMID: 37682460 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-023-09564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis globally, with zoonotic potential, and pigs are considered the major reservoir. To determine the seroprevalence of HEV infection in pigs reared in backyard conditions in the northeastern region of India, blood samples were collected from 400 pigs from five northeastern states (80 samples from each state) and tested for IgG antibodies against HEV using an ELISA assay. Questionnaires on farm characteristics and management practices were completed, and risk factors associated with HEV were studied using univariate and multivariate analysis. The apparent seroprevalence of HEV infection was 51% (46.1-55.9, 95% CI), with a true prevalence of 52.98% (47.22-58.75, 95% CI). The risk factors significantly associated with higher HEV seropositivity were as follows: lack of disinfection (OR 4.65), feeding swill (restaurant and bakery waste) (OR 2.55), failure to follow the all-in-all-out production system (OR 3.47), and medium holding size (OR 9.83), which refers to mixed rearing of younger and older age groups. This study demonstrates that HEV is widespread among pigs reared in northeastern India. The risk factor analysis conducted in this study provides valuable insights into the prevalence of HEV in the region.
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Milton AAP, Prasad MCB, Priya GB, Momin KM, Lyngdoh V, Srinivas K, Das S, Ghatak S. Novel helix loop-mediated isothermal amplification (HAMP) assay for colorimetric detection of Staphylococcus aureus in milk. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:14. [PMID: 37966568 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important and leading cause of foodborne diseases worldwide. Prompt detection and recall of contaminated foods are crucial to prevent untoward health consequences caused by S. aureus. Helix loop-mediated isothermal amplification (HAMP) is an exciting recent addition to the array of available isothermal-based nucleic acid amplification techniques. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a HAMP assay for detecting S. aureus in milk and milk products. The assay is completed in 75 minutes of isothermal temperature incubation (64 ˚C) and dye-based visual interpretation of results based on colour change. The specificity of the developed assay was ascertained using 27 S. aureus and 17 non S. aureus bacterial strains. The analytical sensitivity of the developed HAMP assay was 9.7 fg/µL of pure S. aureus DNA. The detection limit of the HAMP assay in milk (86 CFU/mL) was 1000x greater than the routinely used endpoint PCR (86 × 103 CFU/mL). The practicality of applying the HAMP assay was also assessed by analysing milk and milk product samples (n = 95) obtained from different dairy farms and retail outlets. The developed test is a more rapid, sensitive, and user-friendly method for the high-throughput screening of S. aureus in food samples and may therefore be suitable for field laboratories. To our knowledge, this is the first study to develop and evaluate the HAMP platform for detecting S. aureus.
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Milton AAP, Srinivas K, Lyngdoh V, Momin AG, Lapang N, Priya GB, Ghatak S, Sanjukta R, Sen A, Das S. Biofilm-forming antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli: A one health challenge in Northeast India. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20059. [PMID: 37809422 PMCID: PMC10559811 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) in common food animals (cattle, goats, and pigs) reared by tribal communities and smallholder farmers in Northeast India. The isolates were characterized for the presence of virulence genes, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) production, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm production, and the results were statistically interpreted. In pathotyping 141 E. coli isolates, 10 (7.09%, 95% CI: 3.45%-12.66%) were identified as STEC, 2 (1.42%, 95% CI: 0.17%-5.03%) as atypical-EPEC, and 1 (0.71%, 95% CI: 0.02%-3.89%) as typical-EPEC. None of the isolates were classified as ETEC. Additionally, using the phenotypic combination disc method (ceftazidime with and without clavulanic acid), six isolates (46.1%, 95% CI: 19.22%-74.87%) were determined to be ESBL producers. Among the STEC/EPEC strains, eleven (84.6%, 95% CI: 54.55%-98.08%) and one (7.7%, 95% CI: 0.19%-36.03%) strains were capable of producing strong or moderate biofilms, respectively. PFGE analysis revealed indistinguishable patterns for certain isolates, suggesting clonal relationships. These findings highlight the potential role of food animals reared by tribal communities and smallholder farmers as reservoirs of virulent biofilm-forming E. coli pathotypes, with implications for food contamination and zoonotic infections. Therefore, monitoring these pathogens in food animals is crucial for optimizing public health through one health strategy.
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Srinivas K, Gagana Sri R, Pravallika K, Nishitha K, Polamuri SR. COVID-19 prediction based on hybrid Inception V3 with VGG16 using chest X-ray images. MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37362699 PMCID: PMC10240113 DOI: 10.1007/s11042-023-15903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The Corona Virus was first started in the Wuhan city, China in December of 2019. It belongs to the Coronaviridae family, which can infect both animals and humans. The diagnosis of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is typically detected by Serology, Genetic Real-Time reverse transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), and Antigen testing. These testing methods have limitations like limited sensitivity, high cost, and long turn-around time. It is necessary to develop an automatic detection system for COVID-19 prediction. Chest X-ray is a lower-cost process in comparison to chest Computed tomography (CT). Deep learning is the best fruitful technique of machine learning, which provides useful investigation for learning and screening a large amount of chest X-ray images with COVID-19 and normal. There are many deep learning methods for prediction, but these methods have a few limitations like overfitting, misclassification, and false predictions for poor-quality chest X-rays. In order to overcome these limitations, the novel hybrid model called "Inception V3 with VGG16 (Visual Geometry Group)" is proposed for the prediction of COVID-19 using chest X-rays. It is a combination of two deep learning models, Inception V3 and VGG16 (IV3-VGG). To build the hybrid model, collected 243 images from the COVID-19 Radiography Database. Out of 243 X-rays, 121 are COVID-19 positive and 122 are normal images. The hybrid model is divided into two modules namely pre-processing and the IV3-VGG. In the dataset, some of the images with different sizes and different color intensities are identified and pre-processed. The second module i.e., IV3-VGG consists of four blocks. The first block is considered for VGG-16 and blocks 2 and 3 are considered for Inception V3 networks and final block 4 consists of four layers namely Avg pooling, dropout, fully connected, and Softmax layers. The experimental results show that the IV3-VGG model achieves the highest accuracy of 98% compared to the existing five prominent deep learning models such as Inception V3, VGG16, ResNet50, DenseNet121, and MobileNet.
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Srinivasa Rao M, Rama Rao CA, Raju BMK, Subba Rao AVM, Gayatri DLA, Islam A, Prasad TV, Navya M, Srinivas K, Pratibha G, Srinivas I, Prabhakar M, Yadav SK, Bhaskar S, Singh VK, Chaudhari SK. Pest scenario of Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) on pigeonpea during future climate change periods under RCP based projections in India. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6788. [PMID: 37100788 PMCID: PMC10133267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) is the major insect pest of pigeonpea and prediction of number of generations (no. of gen.) and generation time (gen. time) using growing degree days (GDD) approach during three future climate change periods viz., Near (NP), Distant (DP) and Far Distant (FDP) periods at eleven major pigeonpea growing locations of India was attempted. Multi-model ensemble of Maximum (Tmax) and Minimum (Tmin) temperature data of four Representative Concentration Pathways viz., RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 of Coupled Model Inter comparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models was adopted here. The increase in projected Tmax and Tmin are significant during 3 climate change periods (CCPs) viz., the NP, DP and FDP over base line (BL) period under four RCP scenarios at all locations and would be higher (4.7-5.1 °C) in RCP 8.5 and in FDP. More number of annual (10-17) and seasonal (5-8) gens. are expected to occur with greater percent increase in FDP (8 to 38%) over base line followed by DP (7 to 22%) and NP (5to 10%) periods with shortened annual gen. time (4 to 27%) across 4 RCPs. The reduction of crop duration was substantial in short, medium and long duration pigeonpeas at all locations across 4 RCPs and 3 CCPs. The seasonal no.of gen. is expected to increase (5 to 35%) with shortened gen. time (4 to 26%) even with reduced crop duration across DP and FDP climate periods of 6.0 and 8.5 RCPs in LD pigeonpea. More no. of gen. of H. armigera with reduced gen. time are expected to occur at Ludhiana, Coimbatore, Mohanpur, Warangal and Akola locations over BL period in 4 RCPs when normal duration of pigeonpeas is considered. Geographical location (66 to 72%), climate period (11 to 19%), RCPs (5-7%) and their interaction (0.04-1%) is vital and together explained more than 90% of the total variation in future pest scenario. The findings indicate that the incidence of H. armigera would be higher on pigeonpea during ensuing CCPs in India under global warming context.
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Milton AAP, Momin KM, Srinivas K, Priya GB, Ghatak S, Das S, Shakuntala I, Sen A, Baruah KK. Development of a novel visual isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of Brucella spp. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 207:106695. [PMID: 36889600 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an economically important livestock disease worldwide besides having a noteworthy impact on human health. In this study, a rapid, simple, and ultra-sensitive nuclei-acid diagnostic technique was developed for the detection of brucellosis harnessing saltatory rolling circle amplification (SRCA). The diagnostic method was developed using World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) approved primers targeting the bcsp31 gene of the Brucella genome. The assay can be accomplished within 90 min at a temperature of 65 °C without the requirement of sophisticated instrumentation. The result interpretation can be done with the naked eye with the aid of SYBR green dye. The developed technique displayed 100% specificity by amplifying only 10 reference and field strains of Brucella spp. and there was no cross-reactivity with the other tested pathogens. The lower limit of detections of SRCA and end-point PCR assays were 9.7 fg/μL (2.7 genome copies of Brucella) and 970 fg/μL, respectively. Thus, the developed SRCA assay was found to be 100× more sensitive than the end-point PCR assay. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first one to develop an SRCA-based assay for the detection of brucellosis and it can be a diagnostic tool for resource-constrained laboratories and veterinary hospitals.
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Kumar Gupta M, Srinivas K, George SK, Mounika Reddy Y. A Comparative Study on Outcomes of Type 1 Underlay Tympanoplasty with and Without Anterior Tucking of Temporals Fascia Graft. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:4232-4238. [PMID: 36742662 PMCID: PMC9895352 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02919-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tympanoplasty is a surgical procedure which includes eradication of disease from the middle ear and reconstruction of the hearing mechanism with or without tympanic membrane repair. The purpose of this article was to compare the clinical and audiological outcomes of Type 1 underlay tympanoplasty with or without anterior tucking of the temporals fascia graft. This is a prospective interventional study which included 100 patients between 15 and 60 years of age, diagnosed with chronic otitis media, mucosal disease inactive stage. 100 patients were divided into two groups 50 each, who underwent type 1 underlay tympanoplasty, group A underwent anterior tucking of the temporals fascia graft and group B without anterior tucking of the temporals fascia graft. Analysis of data was made of the demographic details, graft uptake status and audiological outcomes following surgery. Among the 100 patients included in the study, majority were seen between 21 and 40 years of age group. In our study successful graft uptake was seen in 93.4% in group A temporalis fascia with anterior tucking which was better than group B which showed 84% results. However hearing outcome was almost similar in both the groups. In conclusion, graft uptake in tympanoplasty with anterior tucking was found to be better than without anterior tucking. There is significant hearing improvement following underlay technique of tympanoplasty both with and without anterior tucking. There is no significant difference in the hearing improvement with anterior tucking when compared to without anterior tucking of the temporalis fascia graft.
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Pradhan MK, Phanikanth VS, Choudhury D, Srinivas K. Ground Improvement Technique to Mitigate Earthquake-Induced Liquefaction for Structures Resting on Pile Foundations. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INDIA SECTION A-PHYSICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40010-021-00755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Prasad M, Milton A, Menon V, Ghatak S, Srinivas K, Momin K, Vineesha S, Das S, Sen A, Latha C, Sunil B, Jolly D. Saltatory rolling circle amplification assay for simple and visual detection of Listeria monocytogenes in milk and milk products. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Banandur P, Gopalan K, Pai SG, Arelingaiah M, Velu RS, Garady L, Koujageri JM, Naik V, Sajjanar SL, Ramesh MS, Srinivas K, Gopalkrishna G. Factors affecting relationship issues among clients attending youth mental health promotion services in India. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:123. [PMID: 35677259 PMCID: PMC9170197 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_809_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND India today is home for the largest youth population in the world. Youth is a formative phase transitioning from childhood to adulthood. Relationship is fundamental for a healthy and satisfactory life. Relationships assume importance and maturity during adolescence and youth. Relationships and mental health have a bidirectional effect. The effect of relationships on mental health is stronger than vice versa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two-year case record analysis of 8595 beneficiaries aged 15-35 years attending youth guidance centers (Yuva Spandana Kendras) in Karnataka, India, was undertaken to understand factors affecting relationship issues among them. Multivariate logistic regression was performed with any beneficiary having a relationship issue as outcome. RESULTS Being a student (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18-1.89), occupation (AORbusiness/salaried = 3.04; 95% CI = 2.10-4.40 and AORothers = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.22-2.44), marital status (AORmarried = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.06-1.90 and AORothers = 3.44; 95% CI = 1.45-8.15), having health and lifestyle issues (AOR = 3.61; 95% CI = 3.05-4.27), personality issues (AOR = 2.88; 95% CI = 2.43-3.41), safety issues (AOR = 6.28; 95% CI = 5.01-7.87), gender, sex, and sexuality issues (AOR = 3.10; 95% CI = 1.93-4.98), suicidality (AOR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.17-2.85), alcohol use (AOR = 5.43; 95% CI = 3.92-7.41), and different emotions experienced (AOR ranging from 0.37 to 3.50), had significant association with relationship issues. CONCLUSION Investing in health promotion interventions focusing on these precursors of relationship issues among youth seems strategic. Our findings have implications for other states in India and other low-middle-income countries like India.
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Srinivas K, Rao GM. RNN-BD: an approach for fraud visualisation and detection using deep learning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1504/ijcse.2022.10046255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rao GM, Srinivas K. RNN-BD: an approach for fraud visualisation and detection using deep learning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1504/ijcse.2022.122212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Venkata Shiva Reddy B, Srinivas K, Suresh Kumar N, Chandra Babu Naidu K, Ramesh S. Nanorods like microstructure, photocatalytic activity and ac-electrical properties of (1-x) (Al0.2La0.8TiO3) + (x) (BaTiO3) (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 & 0.8) nanocomposites. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Veeresham A, Sandeep M, Reddy TJ, Suresh Pal A, Srinivas K, Prabhakar S. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of reaction products of sulfur mustards with phenol. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2020; 26:213-224. [PMID: 31698942 DOI: 10.1177/1469066719886424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Screening of chemicals related to chemical weapons convention including their all possible degradation and reaction products in environmental samples is important in the organization for prohibition of chemical weapons verification process. Sulfur mustards, commonly known as blistering agents, are included in schedule 1 chemicals of chemical weapons convention. Because of the presence of chlorine atoms in sulfur mustards, they are highly reactive and prone to react with other organic molecules such as phenols to produce corresponding reaction products. Thus, it is important to screen for not only the sulfur mustards but also their reaction products for verification process. The sulfur mustards and their degradation products have been routinely analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method, however, the methods are yet to establish for the reaction products. In this study, the reaction products of the sulfur mustards with phenol (compounds 1-7) were studied by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry under electron ionization and chemical ionization conditions. The EI spectra of 1-7 displayed molecular ion and characteristic fragments that provided structure information. Mostly the fragment ions were due to homolytic cleavages involving C-O, C-S, and C-C cleavages. The methane or isobutane CI spectra showed M+., [M + H]+, and [M - H]+ ions including reagent specific adduct ions. The CI spectra also showed other adduct ions formed by association of analyte molecule with its most abundant fragment ion. The gas chromatography/retention index values were also calculated, which support unambiguous identification of targeted molecules in suspected environmental samples. The method was demonstrated for detection of the targeted molecules spiked in soil samples.
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Lindahl JF, Vrentas CE, Deka RP, Hazarika RA, Rahman H, Bambal RG, Bedi JS, Bhattacharya C, Chaduhuri P, Fairoze NM, Gandhi RS, Gill JPS, Gupta NK, Kumar M, Londhe S, Rahi M, Sharma PK, Shome R, Singh R, Srinivas K, Swain BB. Brucellosis in India: results of a collaborative workshop to define One Health priorities. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:387-396. [PMID: 31620958 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an important zoonosis worldwide. In livestock, it frequently causes chronic disease with reproductive failures that contribute to production losses, and in humans, it causes an often-chronic febrile illness that is frequently underdiagnosed in many low- and middle-income countries, including India. India has one of the largest ruminant populations in the world, and brucellosis is endemic in the country in both humans and animals. In November 2017, the International Livestock Research Institute invited experts from government, national research institutes, universities, and different international organizations to a one-day meeting to set priorities towards a "One Health" control strategy for brucellosis in India. Using a risk prioritization exercise followed by discussions, the meeting agreed on the following priorities: collaboration (transboundary and transdisciplinary); collection of more epidemiological evidence in humans, cattle, and in small ruminants (which have been neglected in past research); Economic impact studies, including cost effectiveness of control programmes; livestock vaccination, including national facilities for securing vaccines for the cattle population; management of infected animals (with the ban on bovine slaughter, alternatives such as sanctuaries must be explored); laboratory capacities and diagnostics (quality must be assured and better rapid tests developed); and increased awareness, making farmers, health workers, and the general public more aware of risks of brucellosis and zoonoses in general. Overall, the meeting participants agreed that brucellosis control will be challenging in India, but with collaboration to address the priority areas listed here, it could be possible.
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Ksheerasagar S, Venkatesh N, Raizada N, Prathima KM, Kamble RB, Srinivas K, Suzi Jacklin MA, Chandramouli BA. Pregnancy in a Rare Case of Intracranial Rosai Dorfman Disease (RDD). J Obstet Gynaecol India 2019; 70:78-80. [PMID: 32030010 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-019-01254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Kumar S, Suhag A, Kolay SK, Kumar P, Narwal A, Srinivas K, Haideri S. Serum fucose level in oral cancer, leukoplakia, and oral sub mucous fibrosis: A biochemical study. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:2414-2419. [PMID: 31463268 PMCID: PMC6691470 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_301_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the serum fucose levels in clinically and histopathologically diagnosed oral cancer, oral leukoplakia, and oral submucous fibrosis cases. To compare and correlate the severity of dysplasia or histopathological grading of the premalignant and malignant lesions with serum fucose levels. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of serum fucose as a reliable biomarker for early detection of malignant transformation of potentially malignant lesions and conditions and prediction of biologic behavior of the malignant lesions. MATERIAL AND METHOD The intended study shall include 100 participants divided into 4 groups. Groups I, II, and III will include 25 clinically and histological diagnosed cases of oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, and oral cancer, and 25 normal control group. Fucose was measured according to the method of Dische and Shettles as adopted by Winzler. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Statistical analysis will be done using SPSS statistical software (Version 10), and the levels of significance will be analyzed using the paired and unpaired t-tests. RESULT In subjects of 4 groups were age- and gender-matched and comparable thus these may also not influence the study outcome measure (fucose levels). ANOVA revealed significantly different fucose levels among the groups (F = 17.00, P < 0.001). Mean fucose level did not differ (P > 0.05) between oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, and oral cancer (84.5%) groups. The increase in mean fucose levels with severity was the highest in the oral cancer group followed by oral submucous fibrosis and oral leukoplakia group. The mean fucose levels did not differ between mild and moderate grades (P > 0.05) in all the 3 groups. CONCLUSION The evaluation of serum l-fucose would be of good help in assessing early malignant change in increasing the accuracy of clinical diagnosis and also in assessing the spread and invasiveness of oral cancer, oral submucous fibrosis, and leukoplakia.
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Indoria AK, Sharma KL, Sammi Reddy K, Srinivasarao C, Srinivas K, Balloli SS, Osman M, Pratibha G, Raju NS. Alternative Sources of Soil Organic Amendments for Sustaining Soil Health and Crop Productivity in India – Impacts, Potential Availability, Constraints and Future Strategies. CURR SCI INDIA 2018. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v115/i11/2052-2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Suresh Y, Subhashini N, Kiranmayi CB, Srinivas K, Ram VP, Chaitanya G, Vimala BS, Rao TS. Isolation, Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Four Different Vibrio Species Isolated from Fresh Water Fishes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.707.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Singh P, Boote KJ, Kadiyala MDM, Nedumaran S, Gupta SK, Srinivas K, Bantilan MCS. An assessment of yield gains under climate change due to genetic modification of pearl millet. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:1226-1237. [PMID: 28605840 PMCID: PMC5536252 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Developing cultivars with traits that can enhance and sustain productivity under climate change will be an important climate smart adaptation option. The modified CSM-CERES-Pearl millet model was used to assess yield gains by modifying plant traits determining crop maturity duration, potential yield and tolerance to drought and heat in pearl millet cultivars grown at six locations in arid (Hisar, Jodhpur, Bikaner) and semi-arid (Jaipur, Aurangabad and Bijapur) tropical India and two locations in semi-arid tropical West Africa (Sadore in Niamey and Cinzana in Mali). In all the study locations the yields decreased when crop maturity duration was decreased by 10% both in current and future climate conditions; however, 10% increase in crop maturity significantly (p<0.05) increased yields at Aurangabad and Bijapur, but not at other locations. Increasing yield potential traits by 10% increased yields under both the climate situations in India and West Africa. Drought tolerance imparted the lowest yield gain at Aurangabad (6%), the highest at Sadore (30%) and intermediate at the other locations under current climate. Under climate change the contribution of drought tolerance to the yield of cultivars either increased or decreased depending upon changes in rainfall of the locations. Yield benefits of heat tolerance substantially increased under climate change at most locations, having the greatest effects at Bikaner (17%) in India and Sadore (13%) in West Africa. Aurangabad and Bijapur locations had no yield advantage from heat tolerance due to their low temperature regimes. Thus drought and heat tolerance in pearl millet increased yields under climate change in both the arid and semi-arid tropical climates with greater benefit in relatively hotter environments. This study will assists the plant breeders in evaluating new promising plant traits of pearl millet for adapting to climate change at the selected locations and other similar environments.
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Srinivas A, Sunitha M, Karthik P, Nikitha G, Raju K, Ravinder B, Anusha S, Rajasri T, Swapna D, Swaroopa D, Srinivas K, Vasumathi Reddy K. Synthesis and In Vitro
Study of Hybrid Heterocyclic's as Potential Nematicidal Agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Murthy Pyla SR, Sahu PK, Srinivas K. Stress testing of linaclotide: Development of a validated stability-indicating RP-HPLC method. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2017. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2017.29.2.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Reddy YK, Brindha K, Ganesan PI, Srinivas K, Reddy GS, Minakshi P. Occurrence of Bluetongue in ruminants in Tamil Nadu, South India. VETERINARIA ITALIANA 2017; 52:293-297. [PMID: 27723039 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.502.2421.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tamil Nadu is located in the South-Eastern part of Indian peninsula, between 8.087° and 13.09°N and 76.50° and 80.27°E. Bluetongue (BT) was first reported in this region in sheep during 1982 with regular occurrence thereafter. In 1989-1990, 1997-1998 and 2005-2006, there was wide spread occurrence of BT resulting in huge mortality of sheep. The present study had the goal of isolating the BTV from outbreaks in sheep occurred in Tamil Naadu between 2003-2011 and comparing the VP2 gene sequences of the BTV isolates involved in such outbreaks. Serotypes 1, 2, 16, and 23 of the Bluetongue virus (BTV) have been isolated from sheep during BT outbreaks. BTV-16 has also been isolated in goats and cattle in the region; BTV-2 isolated in Tamil Nadu has homology with BTV-2 isolated in Africa; whereas the BTV-23 isolated in this area has homology with BTV-23 from South East Asia, indicating that both Eastern and Western topotypes of BTV are circulating in ruminant population in Tamil Nadu.
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Nishanth B, Gopinath A, Ahmed S, Patil N, Srinivas K, Chaitanya ASK. Cephalometric and computed tomography evaluation of dentoalveolar/soft-tissue change and alteration in condyle-glenoid fossa relationship using the PowerScope: A new fixed functional appliance for Class II correction –A clinical study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTIC REHABILITATION 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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