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Zhang Z, Zhu H, Hua H. Inhibiting IL11RA to mitigate hepatic metastasis in skin cutaneous melanoma: Comprehensive insights from in vitro and in vivo investigations. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13618. [PMID: 38468436 PMCID: PMC10928329 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role of Interleukin-11 receptor alpha (IL11RA) in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) metastasis to the liver. METHODS Human SKCM cell lines (A375, A375-MA2, SK-MEL-28, RPMI-7951) and primary dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) were utilized to assess IL11RA expression. IL11RA siRNA was transfected into RPMI-7951 and A375-MA2 cells for Wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. Il11ra knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice were injected with B16-F10 cells into the spleen to evaluate hepatic melanoma metastasis. Correlation between IL11RA and MMP family genes was explored using online databases, including LinkedOmics, TIMER (Tumor Immune Estimation Resource), and GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis). RT-qPCR and Western blotting were performed for expression analysis of Mmp2 and Mmp9 in liver tissues of mice. The impact of IL11RA on the STAT3 pathway was investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Elevated expression of IL11RA was observed in SKCM cell lines compared to normal cells. IL11RA downregulation significantly inhibited migratory and invasive capabilities of A375-MA2 and RPMI-7951 in vitro. Il11ra gene knockout in mice demonstrated a substantial reduction in hepatic melanoma metastasis. Correlation analyses revealed associations between IL11RA and MMP2/MMP8. Il11ra gene knockout significantly decreased Mmp2 expression while increasing Mmp8 in liver tissues. IL11RA correlated positively with STAT3, and its inhibition led to a suppressed STAT3 pathway in SKCM cells and mouse liver tissue. CONCLUSION IL11RA plays a crucial role in SKCM metastasis, affecting migratory and invasive abilities. Targeting IL11RA may offer a promising avenue for therapeutic interventions in cutaneous melanoma progression.
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Ng B, Xie C, Su L, Kuthubudeen FF, Kwek XY, Yeong D, Pua CJ, Cook SA, Lim WW. IL11 (Interleukin-11) Causes Emphysematous Lung Disease in a Mouse Model of Marfan Syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:739-754. [PMID: 36924234 PMCID: PMC10125130 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marfan Syndrome (MFS) is an inherited connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in the FBN1 (fibrillin-1) gene. Lung abnormalities are common in MFS, but their pathogenesis is poorly understood. IL11 (interleukin-11) causes aortic disease in a mouse model of MFS and was studied here in the lung. METHODS We examined histological and molecular phenotypes in the lungs of Fbn1C1041G/+ mice (mouse model of Marfan Syndrome [mMFS]), an established mouse model of MFS. To identify IL11-expressing cells, we used immunohistochemistry on lungs of 4- and 16-week-old Fbn1C1041G/+:Il11EGFP/+ reporter mice. We studied the effects of IL11 inhibition by RT-qPCR, immunoblots and histopathology in lungs from genetic or pharmacologic models: (1) 16-week-old IL11 receptor (IL11RA) knockout mMFS mice (Fbn1C1041G/+:Il11ra1-/- mice) and (2) in mMFS mice administered IgG control or interleukin-11 receptor antibodies twice weekly from 4 to 24 weeks of age. RESULTS mMFS lungs showed progressive loss and enlargement of distal airspaces associated with increased proinflammatory and profibrotic gene expression as well as matrix metalloproteinases 2, 9, and 12. IL11 was increased in mMFS lungs and localized to smooth muscle and endothelial cells in young mMFS mice in the Fbn1C1041G/+:Il11EGFP/+ reporter strain and in fibroblasts, in older mice. In mMFS mice, genetic (Fbn1C1041G/+:Il11ra1-/-) or pharmacologic (anti-interleukin-11 receptor) inhibition of IL11 signaling reduced lung emphysema, fibrosis, and inflammation. This protective effect was associated with reduced pathogenic ERK1/2 signaling and lower metalloproteinase 2, 9, and 12 expression. CONCLUSIONS IL11 causes lung disease in mMFS. This reveals a shared IL11-driven disease mechanism in lung and aorta in MFS and suggests inhibition of IL11 signaling as a holistic approach for treating multiorgan morbidity in MFS.
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Zuo D, Zheng Q, Xiao M, Wang X, Chen H, Xu J, Zhang Q, Xiong Y, Ye L, Feng Z. Anti-apoptosis effect of recombinant human interleukin-11 in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic rats through activating the IL-11Rα/STAT3 signaling pathway. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:106923. [PMID: 36521373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is one of the most common causes of death and disability in neonates. Apoptosis contributes to HI development. Interleukin-11(IL-11) has been shown to protect mice from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, whether IL-11 exerts the anti-apoptotic effect on HI injury is unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that recombinant human IL-11 (rhIL-11) prevented apoptosis of rat neonates with HI through activating IL-11Rα/STAT3 signaling. Sprague-Dawley rat pups on the 7th day after birth were used to establish an HI injury model. The expression levels of IL-11Rα and GP130 were increased first and then decreased after HI. In contrast, IL-11 expression was first decreased and then increased. Immunofluorescence staining showed that IL-11Rα was localized in neurons and oligodendrocytes. RhIL-11 treatment alleviated hippocampal and cortical damages, significantly reduced cerebral infarction volumes, cerebral edema, and loss of the Nissl body and nerve cells, and also ameliorated the outcomes of HI injury and long-term neurological deficits. In addition, rhIL-11 treatment upregulated the expressions levels of Bcl-2 and p-STAT3/STAT3, and downregulated the protein concentrations of the lytic protease, and cleaved-caspase-3. Furthermore, GP130 inhibitor and JAK1 inhibitor reversed the protective effects of rhIL-11. Overall, rhIL-11 showed an anti-apoptosis effect on the brain after HI injury. Our results indicated that rhIL-11 reduced neuronal apoptosis by activating the brain IL-11Rα/STAT3 pathway.
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Corden B, Adami E, Sweeney M, Schafer S, Cook SA. IL-11 in cardiac and renal fibrosis: Late to the party but a central player. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1695-1708. [PMID: 32022251 PMCID: PMC7070163 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathophysiological hallmark of cardiorenal disease. In the heart, fibrosis leads to contractile dysfunction and arrhythmias; in the kidney, it is the final common pathway for many diseases and predicts end-stage renal failure. Despite this, there are currently no specific anti-fibrotic treatments available for cardiac or renal disease. Recently and unexpectedly, IL-11 was found to be of major importance for cardiorenal fibroblast activation and fibrosis. In mouse models, IL-11 overexpression caused fibrosis of the heart and kidney while genetic deletion of Il11ra1 protected against fibrosis and preserved organ function. Neutralizing antibodies against IL-11 or IL-11RA have been developed that have anti-fibrotic activity in human fibroblasts and protect against fibrosis in murine models of disease. While IL-11 biology has been little studied and, we suggest, largely misunderstood, its autocrine activity in myofibroblasts appears non-redundant for fibrosis, which offers new opportunities to better understand and potentially target cardiorenal fibrosis.
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Tsimanis A, Shtalrid M, Shvidel L, Kalinkovich A, Berrebi A, Klepfish A. Expression of Interleukin-11 Receptor in CD38-positive Cells from Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 45:2315-9. [PMID: 15512823 DOI: 10.1080/10428190412331283161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-11, a cytokine with multiple biological activities, has been shown to stimulate the proliferation and to support the long-term growth of human myeloma cell lines. Despite this, no expression of the interleukin-11alpha receptor has so far been demonstrated in myeloma cells. We have investigated the expression of interleukin-11alpha receptor and interleukin-11 at the level of mRNA and protein product in bone marrow mononuclear cells isolated from patients with multiple myeloma using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. The mRNA for interleukin-11alpha receptor and/or the corresponding protein were identified in 9 of 15 patients with multiple myeloma. In contrast, the interleukin-11 was not detected in any of the patients examined.
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Wang RJ, Peng RY, Fu KF, Gao YB, Han RG, Hu WH, Luo QL, Ma JJ. Effect of recombinant human interleukin-11 on expressions of interleukin-11 receptor α-chain and glycoprotein 130 in intestinal epithelium cell line-6 after neutron irradiation. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:3055-9. [PMID: 16718787 PMCID: PMC4124381 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i19.3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the effect of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) on the expressions of interleukin-11 receptor α-chain (IL-11Rα) and an additional signal transducer glycoprotein 130 (gp130) in intestinal epithelium cell line-6 (IEC-6) after neutron irradiation.
METHODS: Cultured IEC-6 cells were exposed to 4.0Gy neutron and treated with 100 ng/mL rhIL-11 12 h prior to or immediately after irradiation. The apoptosis and necrosis rates and expressions of IL-11Rα and gp130 were observed by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, Western blot and image analysis.
RESULTS: The apoptosis rate of IEC-6 cells was increased by irradiation at 6 h (P < 0.01), IL-11 stimulation resulted in a decreased apoptosis rate in irradiated IEC-6 cells (P < 0.05). In normal control IEC-6 cells, intense immunoreactivity of IL-11Rα was located within the cell membrane and cytoplasm. The level of IL-11Rα expression significantly decreased at 6 h after irradiation (P < 0.01) and restored at 24 h after irradiation. In IEC-6 cells treated with both radiation and rhIL-11, the level of IL-11Rα expression was higher than that of irradiated cells (P < 0.05). When it came to gp130 protein, it was located in the cytoplasm of IEC-6 cells. After irradiation, we found a progressive decrease in the expression of gp130 protein (P < 0.05) in 48 h post-radiation, while in rhIL-11-stimulated cells, it came back to normal level at 24 h after irradiation and decreased at 48 h, but was still higher than that of only irradiated cells (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: rhIL-11 can protect IEC-6 cells from neutron irradiation. The protective effect of rhIL-11 might be connected with its ability to up-regulate the expressions of specific ligand-binding subunit IL-11Rα and signal-transducing subunit gp130.
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Hanavadi S, Martin TA, Watkins G, Mansel RE, Jiang WG. Expression of Interleukin 11 and Its Receptor and Their Prognostic Value in Human Breast Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2006; 13:802-8. [PMID: 16614887 DOI: 10.1245/aso.2006.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2005] [Accepted: 11/11/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent experimental evidence has shown a potential role of interleukin (IL)-11 and its receptor in breast cancer development and progression. However, there is little clinical information to support this hypothesis. We examined the expression of IL-11 and its receptor in primary breast cancer tissue samples and correlated their level of expression with the clinical outcome. METHODS Primary breast cancer samples (n=109) and matched background tissue obtained from patients in the cohort (n=33) were processed for frozen section and RNA extraction. Frozen sections from matched tissues were immunostained with IL-11 and IL-11 receptor antibodies. Staining intensity was analyzed by computer image analysis. RNA was reverse-transcribed and quantified before analysis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results were expressed as the number of transcripts (standardized by beta-actin). The data were compared with the clinical outcome of the disease. RESULTS The intensity of staining for both IL-11 and the IL-11 receptor was distinctly high in tumor samples (P<.01). The transcript level of IL-11 was significantly higher in node-positive tumor samples compared with node-negative samples (P=.02). Tumors with a poor prognostic index and poor histological grade showed a higher level of IL-11. A higher level of IL-11 was linked to poorer survival with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. CONCLUSIONS IL-11 can be a predictor of poor prognosis in human breast cancer.
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Dimitriadis E, Stoikos C, Stafford-Bell M, Clark I, Paiva P, Kovacs G, Salamonsen LA. Interleukin-11, IL-11 receptorα and leukemia inhibitory factor are dysregulated in endometrium of infertile women with endometriosis during the implantation window. J Reprod Immunol 2006; 69:53-64. [PMID: 16310857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2005.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2005] [Revised: 07/13/2005] [Accepted: 07/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-11 is essential for embryo implantation in the mouse and evidence suggests it has a role in implantation in humans. This study has evaluated immunoreactive IL-11, IL-11 receptor (R) alpha and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in endometrium of infertile women with endometriosis (I/E) and normal fertile women (controls) during the implantation window. Endometrial biopsies from I/E (N = 7) were timed from the LH surge and were post-ovulatory days (POD) 5-10. Control biopsies (N = 8) from women were between days 19 and 24 of the menstrual cycle. Staining intensity of IL-11, IL-11Ralpha and LIF evaluated using semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry scores. Immunoreactive IL-11, IL-11Ralpha and LIF were present predominantly in glandular epithelium, while luminal epithelium showed patchy staining. All controls stained positively for IL-11, IL-11Ralpha and LIF in glandular epithelium. IL-11 and IL-11Ralpha staining was absent from glandular epithelium in cohorts of I/E. LIF staining intensity in glandular epithelium was significantly lower in I/E compared to controls. The results suggest that reduced endometrial IL-11 and/or LIF may contribute to infertility in some endometriotic women.
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Yamazumi K, Nakayama T, Kusaba T, Wen CY, Yoshizaki A, Yakata Y, Nagayasu T, Sekine I. Expression of Interleukin-11 and Interleukin-11 receptor α in human colorectal adenocarcinoma; Immunohistochemical analyses and correlation with clinicopathological factors. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:317-21. [PMID: 16482637 PMCID: PMC4066046 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i2.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: There is strong evidence that interleukin-11 (IL-11) is involved in the regulation of tumor progression, cellular growth and differentiation. Recently, interleukin-11 receptor (IL-11R) has been detected on some cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the expression of IL-11 and IL-11R in colorectal adenocarcinoma.
METHODS: To elucidate the involvement of IL-11 and IL-11Rα in human intestinal adenocarcinomas, we examined 115 cases of surgically resected human colonic adenocarcinoma and 11 cases of adenoma by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.
RESULTS: Among 115 cases of adenocarcinoma, 100 cases (87.0%) showed positive staining in the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells for the IL-11, and 87 cases (75.6%) were positive for the IL-11Rα. Six cases (54.5%) and four cases (36.4%) of 11 adenomas were positive for IL-11 and IL-11Rα, respectively. The expression of IL-11Rα correlated with the histological differentiation (P = 0.033503), the depth of tumor invasion (P = 0.006395), Dukes’ classification (P = 0.015648) and lymphatic invasion (P = 0.003865). However, the expression of IL-11Rα was not correlated with the venous invasion and the presence of lymph node metastasis. The expression of IL-11 was not correlated with any clinicopathological factors. In Western blot analysis, two human colorectal carcinoma cell lines and four tissues of surgically resected human carcinoma expressed both IL-11 and IL-11Rα proteins.
CONCLUSION: IL-11 and IL-11Rα are highly expressed in human colorectal adenocarcinoma and the IL-11Rα expression is correlated with clinicopathological factors. These findings suggest that the expression of IL-11Rα is an important factor for the invasion of human colorectal adenocarcinoma.
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Karube K, Ohshima K, Suzumiya J, Kawano R, Kikuchi M, Harada M. Gene expression profile of cytokines and chemokines in microdissected primary Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells: high expression of interleukin-11 receptor alpha. Ann Oncol 2005; 17:110-6. [PMID: 16291580 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdj064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We microdissected Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells from 14 Hodgkin's lymphoma tissue samples (nodular sclerosis = 5; mixed cellularity = 9), and after isolation and amplification of mRNA, analyzed the expression profile of 140 genes of chemokines, cytokines and their receptors by cDNA microarray methods. We also compared the profile with those of germinal center (GC) cells in reactive lymphadenitis. Unsupervised clustering revealed a relatively homogeneous expression profile in HRS cells. HRS cells tended to express mainly Th2 T cell-associated molecules rather than those of Th1, compared with GC cells. Interleukin-11 receptor alpha (IL-11Ralpha), a previously unknown HRS cell-specific gene, was detected in addition to known genes. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the expression of IL-11Ralpha at the protein level. In contrast, only few cases were positive for IL-11Ralpha in B cell lymphoma, diffuse large cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. This is the first analysis report of tissue HRS cells with cDNA microarray technique.
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Sims NA, Jenkins BJ, Nakamura A, Quinn JMW, Li R, Gillespie MT, Ernst M, Robb L, Martin TJ. Interleukin-11 receptor signaling is required for normal bone remodeling. J Bone Miner Res 2005; 20:1093-102. [PMID: 15940362 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.050209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2004] [Revised: 01/12/2005] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED IL-6 and -11 regulate bone turnover and have been implicated in estrogen deficiency-related bone loss. In this study, deletion of IL-11 signaling, but not that of IL-6, suppressed osteoclast differentiation, resulting in high trabecular bone volume and reduced bone formation. Furthermore, IL-11 signaling was not required for the effects of estradiol or estrogen deficiency on the mouse skeleton. INTRODUCTION Interleukin (IL)-6 and -11 stimulate osteoclastogenesis and bone formation in vitro and have been implicated in bone loss in estrogen deficiency. Because of their common use of the gp130 co-receptor signaling subunit, the roles of these two cytokines are linked, and each may compensate for the absence of the other to maintain trabecular bone volume and bone cell differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine the interactions in bone between IL-11 and IL-6 in vivo and whether IL-11 is required for normal bone turnover, we examined the bone phenotype of mature male and female IL-11 receptor knockout mice (IL-11Ralpha1-/-) and compared with the bone phenotype of IL-6-/- mice and mice lacking both IL-6 and IL-11Ralpha. To determine whether IL-11 is required for the effects of estrogen on trabecular bone, mature IL-11Ralpha1-/- mice were ovariectomized and treated with estradiol. RESULTS In both male and female IL-11Ralpha1-/- mice, trabecular bone volume was significantly higher than that of wildtype controls. This was associated with low bone resorption and low bone formation, and the low osteoclast number generated by IL-11Ralpha1-/- precursors was reproduced in ex vivo cultures, whereas elevated osteoblast generation was not. Neither trabecular bone volume nor bone turnover was altered in IL-6-/- mice, and compound IL-6-/- :IL-11Ralpha1-/- mice showed an identical bone phenotype to IL-11Ralpha1-/- mice. The responses of IL-11Ralpha1-/- mice to ovariectomy and estradiol treatment were the same as those observed in wildtype mice. CONCLUSIONS IL-11 signaling is clearly required for normal bone turnover and normal trabecular bone mass, yet not for the effects of estradiol or estrogen deficiency on the skeleton. In the absence of IL-11Ralpha, increased trabecular bone mass seems to result from a cell lineage-autonomous reduction in osteoclast differentiation, suggesting a direct effect of IL-11 on osteoclast precursors. The effects of IL-11Ralpha deletion on the skeleton are not mediated or compensated for by changes in IL-6 signaling.
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Ain R, Trinh ML, Soares MJ. Interleukin-11 signaling is required for the differentiation of natural killer cells at the maternal-fetal interface. Dev Dyn 2005; 231:700-8. [PMID: 15499555 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a multifunctional hematopoietic growth factor that has been implicated in the control of reproduction. Studies on IL-11 receptor-alpha (IL-11R alpha)-deficient mice showed that female mice are infertile due to defective decidualization. In this report, we evaluated the development of decidual cells, immune cells, and the vasculature associated with the implantation site of IL-11R alpha-deficient mice; with the aim of better understanding the nature of the fertility defect. Messenger RNAs for decidual differentiation, such as decidual prolactin-related protein and prolactin-like protein-J are expressed in the IL-11R alpha mutant. However, the number of decidual cells expressing these genes is decreased in the mutant compared with the wild-type control. Although, trophoblast cells differentiate and express placental lactogen-I in the IL-11R alpha-deficient uterine environment, they fail to progress and expand in number. Defects in the organization of the decidual vasculature were also apparent in the IL-11R alpha mutant uterus. The most dramatic effect of IL-11 signaling was on the hematopoietic environment of the uterine decidua. Differentiated/perforin-expressing uterine natural killer (NK) cells were virtually absent from implantation sites of IL-11R alpha mutant mice. NK cell precursors were capable of homing to the IL-11R alpha-deficient uterus and a known regulator of NK cell differentiation; IL-15 was expressed in the IL-11R alpha mutant uterus. Splenic NK cells from IL-11R alpha mutant mice were also able to respond to IL-15 in vitro. Thus, the defect in NK precursor cell maturation was not intrinsic to the NK precursor cells but was dependent upon the tissue environment. In summary, IL-11 signaling is required for decidual-specific maturation of NK cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Decidua/cytology
- Decidua/physiology
- Female
- Gene Expression/immunology
- Interleukin-11/metabolism
- Interleukin-11 Receptor alpha Subunit
- Interleukin-15/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Pregnancy
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-11
- Receptors, Interleukin-15
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Trophoblasts/cytology
- Trophoblasts/physiology
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Chen Q, Rabach L, Noble P, Zheng T, Lee CG, Homer RJ, Elias JA. IL-11 receptor alpha in the pathogenesis of IL-13-induced inflammation and remodeling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:2305-13. [PMID: 15699166 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.4.2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-13 is a major stimulator of inflammation and tissue remodeling at sites of Th2 inflammation. In Th2-dominant inflammatory disorders such as asthma, IL-11 is simultaneously induced. However, the relationship(s) between IL-11 and IL-13 in these responses has not been defined, and the role(s) of IL-11 in the genesis of the tissue effects of IL-13 has not been evaluated. We hypothesized that IL-11, signaling via the IL-11Ralpha-gp130 receptor complex, plays a key role in IL-13-induced tissue responses. To test this hypothesis we compared the expression of IL-11, IL-11Ralpha, and gp130 in lungs from wild-type mice and transgenic mice in which IL-13 was overexpressed in a lung-specific fashion. We simultaneously characterized the effects of a null mutation of IL-11Ralpha on the tissue effects of transgenic IL-13. These studies demonstrate that IL-13 is a potent stimulator of IL-11 and IL-11Ralpha. They also demonstrate that IL-13 is a potent stimulator of inflammation, fibrosis, hyaluronic acid accumulation, myofibroblast accumulation, alveolar remodeling, mucus metaplasia, and respiratory failure and death in mice with wild-type IL-11Ralpha loci and that these alterations are ameliorated in the absence of IL-11Ralpha. Lastly, they provide insight into the mechanisms of these processes by demonstrating that IL-13 stimulates CC chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, mucin genes, and gob-5 and stimulates and activates TGF-beta1 via IL-11Ralpha-dependent pathways. When viewed in combination, these studies demonstrate that IL-11Ralpha plays a key role in the pathogenesis of IL-13-induced inflammation and remodeling.
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Skarsvik S, Ludvigsson J, Vaarala O. Aberrant regulation of interleukin-12 receptor beta2 chain on type 1 cytokine-stimulated T lymphocytes in type 1 diabetes. Immunology 2005; 114:287-93. [PMID: 15667574 PMCID: PMC1782072 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.02102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An aberrant mitogen-induced polarization of peripheral blood T cells has been associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We studied, in T1D, type 1 and 2 cytokine-induced expression of the interleukin-12 receptor beta2 chain (IL-12Rbeta2 chain), which plays a critical role in regulating T-cell polarization. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from children with newly diagnosed T1D (n=10; mean age 10 years), from children with longstanding T1D (n=8; mean age 12.9 years) and from healthy children (n=15; mean age 11.5 years) were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in a type 1 (IL-12 and anti-IL-4) or a type 2 (IL-4 and anti-IL-12) cytokine environment. Secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-5 and IL-13, as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and expression of the IL-12Rbeta2 chain on CD4 and CD8 cells by flow cytometry, were analysed. Children with newly diagnosed and longstanding T1D had lower expression levels of the IL-12Rbeta2 chain on IL-12Rbeta2 chain-positive CD4 T cells (for a type 1 or a type 2 cytokine environment: P=0.01 and P=0.002 or P=0.02 and P=0.01, respectively) and on IL-12Rbeta2 chain-positive CD8 T cells (for a type 1 or a type 2 cytokine environment: P=0.007 and P=0.0007 or P=0.003 and P=0.01, respectively) when compared to healthy children. A decreased percentage of IL-12Rbeta2 chain-expressing CD4 T cells (P=0.07 and P=0.03) and CD8 T cells (P=0.004 and P=0.01) and increased secretion of IL-13 (P=0.006 and P=0.04) in a type 1 cytokine environment was seen in both groups of patients. Peripheral blood T cells from patients with both newly diagnosed and longstanding T1D showed poor polarization towards type 1 cells.
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Karpovich N, Klemmt P, Hwang JH, McVeigh JE, Heath JK, Barlow DH, Mardon HJ. The production of interleukin-11 and decidualization are compromised in endometrial stromal cells derived from patients with infertility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:1607-12. [PMID: 15613426 PMCID: PMC1626577 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-0868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-11 signaling is critical for decidualization of the endometrial stroma in early pregnancy in the mouse. In this study, we investigate the function of IL-11 signaling in cAMP-induced decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells. We show that treatment of endometrial stromal cells with 8-bromo-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) results in an increase in the levels of secreted IL-11, whereas levels of cell surface IL-11 receptor alpha are similar with or without 8-Br-cAMP treatment. The production of IL-11 correlates with the production of molecular markers of decidualization, prolactin and IGF-binding protein-1. The expression of these markers is inhibited when IL-11 signaling is specifically blocked in decidualizing endometrial stromal cells by the IL-11 antagonist W147A. We demonstrate that 8-Br-cAMP-induced endometrial stromal cells derived from patients with primary infertility produce lower levels of prolactin, IGF-binding protein-1, and IL-11 than cells derived from fertile women. Our results suggest that IL-11 expression is critically important during decidualization in the human endometrium, and that aberrant regulation of endometrial IL-11 production may be associated with some types of infertility.
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Linjawi S, Li TC, Tuckerman EM, Blakemore AIF, Laird SM. Expression of interleukin-11 receptor α and interleukin-11 protein in the endometrium of normal fertile women and women with recurrent miscarriage. J Reprod Immunol 2004; 64:145-55. [PMID: 15596233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2004.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2004] [Revised: 07/21/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines. Previous studies have suggested that IL-11 may play a role in human endometrial function. In this study, we have used immunocytochemistry to compare endometrial IL-11Ralpha and IL-11 expression in precisely timed peri-implantation biopsies from 9 normal fertile women and 16 recurrent miscarriage (RM) women. Immunocytochemistry was semi-quantified by obtaining an H-score value, which showed increased expression of both IL-11 and IL-11Ralpha in epithelial cells compared to stromal cells in all biopsies. There was a significant (P<0.01) reduction in epithelial cell IL-11, but not stromal cell IL-11, expression in endometrium from RM women compared to normal fertile women. There were no significant differences in expression of IL-11Ralpha protein in both stromal and epithelial cells in endometrium from the two groups of women. This work shows the presence of IL-11 and IL-11Ralpha within the endometrium of RM women during the peri-implantation period. The decreased expression of IL-11 in epithelial endometrium in RM women suggests that this cytokine may play a role in preventing miscarriage.
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White CA, Robb L, Salamonsen LA. Uterine extracellular matrix components are altered during defective decidualization in interleukin-11 receptor alpha deficient mice. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2004; 2:76. [PMID: 15537430 PMCID: PMC535545 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-2-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2004] [Accepted: 11/10/2004] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implantation of the embryo and successful pregnancy are dependent on the differentiation of endometrial stromal cells into decidual cells. Female interleukin-11 receptor alpha (IL-11Ralpha) deficient mice are infertile due to disrupted decidualization, suggesting a critical role for IL-11 and its target genes in implantation. The molecular targets of IL-11 in the uterus are unknown, but it is likely that IL-11 signaling modifies the expression of other genes important in decidualization. This study aimed to identify genes regulated by IL-11 during decidualization in mouse uterus, and to examine their expression and localization as an indication of functional significance during early pregnancy. METHODS Decidualization was artificially induced in pseudopregnant wild type (IL11Ra+/+) and IL-11Ralpha deficient (IL11Ra-/-) littermates by oil injection into the uterine lumen, and gene expression analyzed by NIA 15K cDNA microarray analysis at subsequent time points. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used as an alternative mRNA quantitation method and the expression and cellular localization of the protein products was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Among 15,247 DNA probes, 13 showed increased and 4 decreased expression in IL11Ra-/- uterus at 48 h of decidualization. These included 4 genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins; collagen III alpha1, secreted acidic cysteine-rich glycoprotein (SPARC), biglycan and nidogen-1 (entactin). Immunohistochemistry confirmed increased collagen III and biglycan protein expression in IL11Ra-/- uterus at this time. In both IL11Ra-/- and wild type uterus, collagen III and biglycan were primarily localized to the outer connective tissue and smooth muscle cells of the myometrium, with diffuse staining in the cytoplasm of decidualized stromal cells. CONCLUSION These data suggest that IL-11 regulates changes in the uterine extracellular matrix that are necessary for decidualization.
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von Rango U, Alfer J, Kertschanska S, Kemp B, Müller-Newen G, Heinrich PC, Beier HM, Classen-Linke I. Interleukin-11 expression: its significance in eutopic and ectopic human implantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 10:783-92. [PMID: 15465850 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gah107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Embryo implantation and subsequent decidualization, trophoblast invasion and formation of a functional placenta are crucial for establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Interleukin-11 signalling has been shown to be obligatory for adequate decidualization and trophoblast invasion in mice. Defects in IL-11 signalling in mice result in trophoblast over-invasion and fetal loss. The pathological situation of human tubal pregnancy resembles that of IL-11Ralpha(-/-) mice concerning these symptoms. As our interest is focused on the human early pregnancy, we compared IL-11 expression at the implantation site of ectopic tubal pregnancy (EP) to 1st and 2nd trimester of normal intrauterine pregnancies (IP), and to the normal cycling endometrium. The mRNA expression of IL-11 and IL-11Ralpha was analysed by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Protein expression was detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. IL-11Ralpha is expressed constitutively in all tissue specimens analysed. IL-11 is expressed predominantly during follicular and early luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. In IP, IL-11 expression peaks during the 1st trimester and declines from the beginning of the 2nd trimester onwards. In tubal abortions, IL-11 expression is reduced in comparison to vital EP and IP. Cultured primary endometrial and decidual epithelial cells were analysed for hormonal regulation of IL-11 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and RT-PCR. IL-11 is up-regulated by estrogen and down-regulated by progesterone. Overall, our results indicate that in humans, IL-11 signalling is significantly involved in regulation of trophoblast invasion. In the case of tubal abortion, inadequate IL-11 signalling may therefore result in dysregulation of trophoblast invasion.
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Liu HC, Yang YY, Chou YM, Chen KP, Shen WW, Leu SJ. Immunologic variables in acute mania of bipolar disorder. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 150:116-22. [PMID: 15081255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2003] [Revised: 01/05/2004] [Accepted: 01/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, lymphocytes and their products, may be involved in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. The cell-mediated immune activation response of manic patients during pre-medication and medication stages remains unclear. The purpose of this case-control study was to investigate the plasma levels of immunologic variables, including interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), soluble CD 4 (sCD4) and sCD8, and TH1 (interferon [IFN]-gamma and IL-2) and TH2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines in patients with pre-medicated, medicated bipolar mania. The study subjects, aged 16-44 years, were physically healthy patients with Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) scores > or =26, and normal controls, aged 19-40 years, were matched for sex. The immune variables were measured in acute mania and in consequent remission (YMRS scores < or =12) among bipolar patients. The plasma levels of IL-1RA, sCD4, and sCD8 were found significantly increased in pre-medicated acute manic patients as compared to normal controls. But only IL-1RA and sCD8 were found different in remitted bipolar patients as compared to normal controls. For TH1 cytokines, culture supernatant level of IFN-gamma was found significantly lower in manic patients of both acute and remission stages as compared to normal controls. No significant difference was found in IL-2 level in pre-medicated acute manic patients compared to controls. For TH2 cytokines, no significant differences in IL-4 and IL-10 levels were observed. We showed that cell-mediated immune response was activated in patients with bipolar disorder during the pre-medication, medication, and the remission stages. Our study findings suggest that the immune-modulation in patients with bipolar disorder may be abnormal.
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Kiessling S, Muller-Newen G, Leeb SN, Hausmann M, Rath HC, Strater J, Spottl T, Schlottmann K, Grossmann J, Montero-Julian FA, Scholmerich J, Andus T, Buschauer A, Heinrich PC, Rogler G. Functional Expression of the Interleukin-11 Receptor α-Chain and Evidence of Antiapoptotic Effects in Human Colonic Epithelial Cells. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:10304-15. [PMID: 14701802 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m312757200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A tissue-protective effect of interleukin-11 (IL-11) for the intestinal mucosa has been postulated from animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite the fact that the clinical usefulness of the anti-inflammatory effects of this cytokine is presently investigated in patients with IBD, there are no data available regarding the target cells of IL-11 action and the mechanisms of tissue protection within the human colonic mucosa. IL-11 responsiveness is restricted to cells that express the interleukin-11 receptor alpha-chain (IL-11Ralpha) and an additional signal-transducing subunit (gp130). In this study, we identified the target cells for IL-11 within the human colon with a new IL-11Ralpha monoclonal antibody and investigated the functional expression of the receptor and downstream effects of IL-11-induced signaling. Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of the IL-11Ralpha selectively on colonic epithelial cells. HT-29 and colonic epithelial cells (CEC) constitutively expressed IL-11Ralpha mRNA and protein. Co-expression of the signal-transducing subunit gp130 was also demonstrated. IL-11 induced signaling through triggering activation of the Jak-STAT pathway without inducing anti-inflammatory or proliferative effects in colonic epithelial cells. However, IL-11 stimulation resulted in a dose-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Akt, a decreased activation of caspase-9, and a reduced induction of apoptosis in cultured CEC. In HLA-B27 transgenic rats treated with IL-11, a reduction of apoptotic cell numbers was found. This study demonstrates functional expression of the IL-11Ralpha restricted on CEC within the human colonic mucosa. IL-11 induced signaling through triggering activation of the Jak-STAT pathway, without inducing anti-inflammatory or proliferative effects. The beneficial effects of IL-11 therapy are likely to be mediated by CEC via activation of the Akt-survival pathway, mediating antiapoptotic effects to support mucosal integrity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Caspase 9
- Caspases/metabolism
- Cell Division
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Colon/cytology
- Cytokine Receptor gp130
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Activation
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Immunohistochemistry
- Interleukin-11/metabolism
- Interleukin-11 Receptor alpha Subunit
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Janus Kinase 1
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mucous Membrane/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Binding
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Interleukin/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin/chemistry
- Receptors, Interleukin-11
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- STAT3 Transcription Factor
- Time Factors
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Tyrosine/metabolism
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Tenney R, Turnbull JR, Stansfield KA, Pekala PH. The regulation of adipocyte metabolism and gene expression by interleukin-11. ADVANCES IN ENZYME REGULATION 2004; 43:153-66. [PMID: 12791389 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2571(02)00036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zurita AJ, Troncoso P, Cardó-Vila M, Logothetis CJ, Pasqualini R, Arap W. Combinatorial Screenings in Patients. Cancer Res 2004; 64:435-9. [PMID: 14744752 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Direct screening of combinatorial peptide libraries in patients may allow the identification of ligands that target biochemical differences in the endothelium of blood vessels. In a screening performed in a patient, we selected and isolated a mimic motif of interleukin 11 (IL-11) from prostate biopsies after an i.v. administration of a phage display peptide library. We also demonstrated that the IL-11 phage mimic (displaying the cyclic nonapeptide CGRRAGGSC) bound specifically to a corresponding IL-11 receptor (IL-11Ralpha). Here we show that IL-11Ralpha is a potential target for intervention in human prostate cancer through morphological and functional analyses. First, a comprehensive serial immunohistochemical analysis of primary and metastatic prostate cancer samples showed increased stage-specific expression of IL-11Ralpha during disease progression. Second, a proapoptotic peptide was specifically targeted and internalized through this functional IL-11Ralpha-based ligand-receptor pair: treatment of prostate cancer cells in vitro with a proapoptotic peptide guided by the CGRRAGGSC peptide to the IL-11Ralpha resulted in dose-dependent apoptosis. Together, these data indicate that the IL-11Ralpha is a candidate target for translational clinical trials against advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. Moreover, our results illustrate the ability of direct combinatorial screening systems in cancer patients for identification of relevant targets in the context of human disease.
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Wasco EC, Martinez E, Grant KS, St Germain EA, St Germain DL, Galton VA. Determinants of iodothyronine deiodinase activities in rodent uterus. Endocrinology 2003; 144:4253-61. [PMID: 12959985 DOI: 10.1210/en.2003-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The deiodinase types 2 and 3 (D2, D3), which convert T4 to active and inactive metabolites, respectively, are expressed in the rodent uterus and highly induced during pregnancy. To examine the factors regulating the expression of these enzymes in this tissue, we studied D2 and D3 activity in pregnant rats, in pseudopregnant rats before and after the induction of artificial decidualization, and in ovariectomized rats treated with 17beta-estradiol (E2) and/or progesterone (P). Our results demonstrate that induction of D3 activity begins immediately after implantation and increases markedly over the next 72 h. A similar time course and magnitude of D3 induction is noted in the artificially decidualized uterus in pseudopregnant rats, whereas only minimal increases in activity are observed in the nondecidualized control uterine horns in the same animal. In contrast, D2 activity is not induced by a decidualization stimulus. In spontaneously cycling female rats, both D2 and D3 were observed to be 3- to 8-fold higher in proestrus, compared with diestrus. Furthermore, levels of D2 and D3 activity were greatly increased in ovariectomized rats given E2 and P in various combinations. D2 activity was stimulated primarily by E2, whereas E2 and P acted synergistically to increase D3 activity. These results demonstrate that E2 and P regulate thyroid hormone metabolism in the uterus, and that the implantation process is a potent stimulus for the induction of D3 activity in this organ. Such precise and profound changes in deiodinase expression are likely to play important physiological roles in fetal development and may influence uterine function.
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Harmegnies D, Wang XM, Vandenbussche P, Leon A, Vusio P, Grötzinger J, Jacques Y, Goormaghtigh E, Devreese B, Content J. Characterization of a potent human interleukin-11 agonist. Biochem J 2003; 375:23-32. [PMID: 12919066 PMCID: PMC1223674 DOI: 10.1042/bj20030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2003] [Revised: 05/15/2003] [Accepted: 06/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human interleukin-11 (hIL-11) is a multi-potential cytokine that is involved in numerous biological activities, such as haematopoiesis, osteoclastogenesis, neurogenesis and female fertility, and also displays anti-inflammatory properties. IL-11 is used clinically to treat chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. Because of its broad spectrum of action, improved IL-11 agonists, as well as IL-11 antagonists, could be of interest for numerous clinical applications. IL-11 signalling is dependent on the formation of a tripartite ligand-receptor complex consisting of IL-11, the IL-11R (IL-11 receptor) alpha subunit (responsible for the specificity of the interaction) and gp130 (glycoprotein 130) receptor beta subunit (responsible for signal transduction). The interaction between IL-11 and IL-11Ralpha subunit occurs at its recently assigned site I. We have designed an IL-11 mutein whose hydrophobicity at site I has been increased. The mutein has been characterized in terms of structure, affinity, specificity and bioactivity. Electrophoretic analysis, gel filtration, IR spectroscopy and CD indicate that this new protein is more compact than wild-type IL-11. It binds to IL-11Ralpha with a three-fold-enhanced affinity, and retains the ability to recruit gp130 through site II. However, analysis of its biological activity revealed a complex pattern: although this mutein is 60-400-fold more active than wild-type IL-11 on the proliferation of 7TD1 murine hybridoma cell, it is less active than IL-11 on the proliferation of B9 cells, another murine hybridoma cell line. The results are interpreted on the basis of an IL-11 conformational change induced by the mutations, and the preferential use by the mutein of another unknown transducing receptor chain.
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Underhill-Day N, McGovern LA, Karpovich N, Mardon HJ, Barton VA, Heath JK. Functional characterization of W147A: a high-affinity interleukin-11 antagonist. Endocrinology 2003; 144:3406-14. [PMID: 12865319 PMCID: PMC1626581 DOI: 10.1210/en.2002-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-11 is a member of the gp130 family of cytokines, which signal via assembly of multisubunit receptor complexes containing at least one molecule of the transmembrane signaling receptor gp130. IL-11 forms a high-affinity complex, thereby inducing gp130-dependent signaling. Previous studies have identified three distinct receptor binding sites, I, II, and III, crucial for the binding of murine IL-11 (mIL-11) to both the IL-11R and gp130. In this study, we have further characterized the role of the mIL-11 site III mutant W147A. We show that W147A is a high-affinity specific antagonist of mIL-11-mediated signaling in gp130/IL-11R-transfected Ba/F3 cells. The antagonistic action of W147A is due to its ability to competitively disrupt multimeric gp130/IL-11R signaling complex formation. We also show that W147A inhibits IL-11-mediated signaling in primary human endometrial cells, thus demonstrating the potential utility of W147A in suppressing IL-11 responses in vivo.
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Key Words
- gst, glutathione-s-transferase
- hil, hil, recombinant human il
- hlif, human lif
- il-11r, il-11-specific receptor
- lif, leukemia inhibitory factor
- mil, murine il
- mlifr, murine lif receptor
- mtt, 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide
- sds, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- stat, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- vil, viral il
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