2851
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Abstract
We have performed nutritional and biochemical studies on vitamin D and its active derivatives and the following results are obtained. 1. Since recent studies have revealed that dietary supplement of vitamin D (D2 and D3) and calcium is effective for preventing osteoporosis, a simplified routine method for determination of vitamin D in foods is established and applied to the assay on the contents of vitamin D in various kinds of Japanese foods. 2. A simplified routine method for simultaneous determination of vitamin D and its metabolites in the plasma and milk is established and applied to nutritional and clinical studies. 3. Physiological activities of two kinds of novel vitamin D3 derivatives, 22-oxa-1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (22-oxa-1,25(OH)2D3, OCT) and 2 beta-(3-hydroxypropoxy)-1,25(OH)2D3 (ED-71) have been studied. OCT, which has less calcemic and stronger cell differentiation activities than 1,25(OH)2D3, is a candidate for curing leukemia and other cancers without hypercalcemia. We have clarified that the property is due to its weak binding affinity for vitamin D binding protein and rapid turn-over in the body and rapid excretion into bile. On the other hand, ED-71, which has stronger effects on intestinal calcium absorption and longer bone turn-over than 1,25(OH)2D3, is a candidate for curing osteoporosis. We have clarified that the properties are due to stronger binding affinity for DBP and longer half-life than 1,25(OH)2D3.
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2852
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Yokoyama I, Hayakawa A, Hayashi S, Kobayashi T, Negita M, Katayama A, Nagasaka R, Namii Y, Kojima T, Koike C, Uchida K, Takagi H. Fas antigen expression and apoptosis induction of in vitro cultured hepatocytes with high concentrations of cyclosporine A. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:1383-4. [PMID: 8658705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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2853
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Mori N, Yatabe Y, Narita M, Kobayashi T, Asai J. Pyothorax-associated lymphoma. An unusual case with biphenotypic character of T and B cells. Am J Surg Pathol 1996; 20:760-6. [PMID: 8651357 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-199606000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pyothorax-associated lymphoma is known to develop in patients who received an artificial pneumothorax for pulmonary tuberculosis some 30 to 40 years previously. Such patients exhibit large, immunoblastic lymphoma cells and often have a B-cell phenotype. We present a patient with an artificial pneumothorax and such a late developing lymphoma but with the unique finding of aberrant T- and B-cell phenotypes. Southern blot hybridization using immunoglobulin gene JH and T-cell receptor beta chain receptors revealed germline configurations. Lymphomas developing in immunocompromised patients, such as those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, may show such unusual phenotypes. The unusual phenotypes found in this patient provide evidence that his pyothorax-associated lymphoma was related to an immunocompromised state.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Blotting, Southern
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Empyema, Pleural/complications
- Empyema, Pleural/immunology
- Empyema, Pleural/pathology
- Empyema, Pleural/virology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Immunophenotyping
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/complications
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/virology
- Male
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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2854
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Jiang X, Kobayashi T, Nahirney PC, Garcia del Saz E, Seguchi H. Ultracytochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity in neutrophils of the rat lung following injection of lipopolysaccharide. KAIBOGAKU ZASSHI. JOURNAL OF ANATOMY 1996; 71:183-94. [PMID: 8831185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity in neutrophils was examined by enzyme ultracytochemistry at sites of experimentally induced acute inflammation in the rat lung and compared with those in non-inflammatory regions. Neutrophil accumulations in the lung were stimulated by intraperitoneal (IP) injection and intratracheal (IT) instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin from Escherichia coli. Microsliced sections of fixed lung were incubated in a cerium-based reaction medium for the detection of ALPase activity. As cytochemical controls, sections were incubated in a substrate-free medium or in a medium containing 2 mM levamisole for inhibition of ALPase activity. Both IP and IT injections resulted in a significant accumulation of neutrophils in the lung, however, their histological distributions differed, the former stimulating high accumulations within the capillaries and interalveolar spaces, and the latter within the confines of the alveolar spaces. In neutrophils from controls and non-inflamed regions of the lung, ALPase activity was detected as an electron-dense reaction product localized predominantly to small spherical and tubular membrane-bounded cytoplasmic compartments. In the IP-injected rats, prominent ALPase activity was observed at their plasma membrane surfaces, most notably at sites of endothelial cell contact. Following IT instillation of LPS, neutrophils suspended in the alveolar spaces showed a reduced plasma membrane reactivity, however, at type I pneumocyte contact regions, enzyme activity was significantly increased. In all cases, ALPase activity was not detected at the endothelial plasma membranes. Some reaction, however, was seen on the microvilli of the type II surfactant-producing cells. These results indicate that ALPase activity of rat neutrophils in the lung can be increased by LPS injection and that its activity may also be related to the sites of cell-cell interaction and cell surroundings.
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2855
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Kobayashi T, Matsuno K, Mita S. Regional differences of the effect of sigma receptor ligands on the acetylcholine release in the rat brain. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 1996; 103:661-9. [PMID: 8836928 DOI: 10.1007/bf01271226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We found that sigma receptor ligands differentially regulated the acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmission in the rat brain. Acute administration of (+)-N-allylnormetazocine [(+)-SKF-10,047], a prototype sigma 1 receptor ligand, and 1,3-di(2-tolyl)guanidine (DTG), a non-specific sigma receptor ligand, increased the extracellular ACh level in the rat hippocampus. This increase of hippocampal extracellular ACh level elicited by (+)-SKF-10,047 was more potent than that elicited by DTG. On the other hand, the striatal extracellular ACh level was slightly affected by (+)-SKF-10,047. In addition, DTG did not affect the striatal extracellular ACh level. Our previous studies have shown that both (+)-SKF-10,047 and DTG increased the extracellular ACh level in the rat frontal cortex. Taking all these data into consideration, the regulation of ACh neurotransmission by sigma receptor ligands are different depending upon the brain region.
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2856
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Yokoyama I, Hayashi S, Kobayashi T, Negita M, Katayama A, Nagasaka R, Namii Y, Kojima T, Koike C, Uchida K, Takagi H. Hyperamylasemia in kidney transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:1476-7. [PMID: 8658748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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2857
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Minohara M, Furuya H, Yamada T, Kobayashi T, Hasuo K. [A case of orbital myositis with blepharoptosis demonstrating the swelling of superior levator palpebrae muscle on magnetic resonance images]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1996; 36:786-9. [PMID: 8937203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A 51-year-old woman developed diplopia and left blepharoptosis with an insidious onset. On orbital MRI, the extraocular and a left superior levator palpebrae muscles were swollen and enhanced by gadolinium, suggesting orbital myositis. The left blepharoptosis was improved two weeks and the swelling of superior levator palpebrae muscle one month after prednisolone administration. This is the first report that the lesion of superior levator palpebrae muscle was demonstrated by MRI in orbital myositis.
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2858
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Ochi H, Kobayashi T. [Nervous system infections--Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]. NIHON NAIKA GAKKAI ZASSHI. THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 1996; 85:731-5. [PMID: 8926447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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2859
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Kobayashi T, Leavis PC, Collins JH. Interaction of a troponin I inhibitory peptide with both domains of troponin C. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1294:25-30. [PMID: 8639710 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(95)00258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contraction is regulated by Ca2+ binding to troponin (Tn), a complex of three proteins attached to the actin-tropomyosin filaments. We have been investigating key interactions of the Ca(2+)-binding protein TnC and the inhibitory protein TnI. Previously, we used 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) to produce zero-length cross-links in the complex of rabbit skeletal muscle TnC and TnI, and found that the N-terminal, regulatory domain of TnC formed cross-links to the inhibitory region of TnI (Leszyk, J., Grabarek, Z., Gergely, J. and Collins, J.H. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 299-304). In the present study we have used EDC to form cross-links between TnC and a synthetic peptide, based on residues 104-115 of TnI, which mimics intact TnI in its ability to inhibit actomyosin ATPase activity. Prior to cross-linking, we acetylated the epsilon-amino groups of the nine lysine residues of TnC in order to prevent intramolecular cross-linking. Cross-linked TnC-peptide products were cleaved with CNBr and several proteinases. The resulting cross-linked peptides were purified by HPLC and characterized by amino-acid sequence analysis. Our results indicate that the TnI peptide interacted most strongly with two sites in TnC: Glu-60 and/or Glu-61 in the N-terminal domain, and acidic residue(s) in segment 84-94 of the linker region which connects the N- and C-terminal domains of TnC.
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2860
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Kato K, Matsuda M, Ingu A, Imai M, Kasai S, Mito M, Kobayashi T. Colon cancer with a high serum alpha-fetoprotein level. Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91:1045-6. [PMID: 8633553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report on a patient with colon cancer and a very high serum alpha-fetoprotein level. This 75-yr-old man presented with right lower quadrant abdominal pain. An abdominal CT scan as well as ultrasonography showed a tumor in the cecum. Serum alpha-fetoprotein level was extremely high (3,070 ng/ml). At laparotomy, a large mass was found in the cecum, and a right hemicolectomy was performed. Histological examination, including immunohistochemical study, showed an adenocarcinoma of the colon producing alpha-fetoprotein.
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2861
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Tsukamoto T, Fukui I, Kihara K, Goto S, Kitahara S, Kobayashi T, Kojima S, Oshima H. [Combined hormone-chemotherapy for stage D2 prostatic cancer: starting time of chemotherapy in relation to hormone therapy]. HINYOKIKA KIYO. ACTA UROLOGICA JAPONICA 1996; 42:351-6. [PMID: 8752537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We retrospectively analyzed 29 patients with stage D2 prostatic cancer who had been treated with chemotherapy at the urological clinic of Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital between 1983 and 1992 to evaluate the efficacy of chemotherapy for advanced prostatic cancer. The patients were divided into three groups according to the starting time of chemotherapy in relation to hormone therapy; 9 patients who received chemotherapy more than four weeks after the initial hormone therapy (group H), 9 patients who received chemotherapy only or in combination with the hormone therapy more than four weeks previously (group C), and 11 patients in whom both therapies were started within four weeks (group HC). Follow-up period ranged from four to 108 months averaging 35. Combination chemotherapy including cisplatin was administered one to 17 times with the median of five. The five-year survival rates estimated by Kaplan-Meier method were 18% in group H, 28% in group C, and 78% in group HC, respectively (HC vs. C: p < 0.05, HC vs. H: p = 0.059). These findings indicate that a combination chemotherapy including cisplatin may improve the prognosis of patients with advanced prostatic cancer when it is started with the initial hormone therapy simultaneously.
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2862
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Oyama H, Iwakoshi T, Niwa M, Kida Y, Tanaka T, Kitamura R, Maezawa S, Kobayashi T. Coagulation and fibrinolysis study after local thrombolysis of a cerebral artery with urokinase. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 1996; 36:300-4. [PMID: 8710052 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.36.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulation and fibrinolysis factors were studied in six patients after local thrombolysis with urokinase (720,000 IU). Transient abnormalities, such as prolonged prothrombin time, decreased plasminogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin activities, decreased fibrinogen, and increased fibrin degradation products were seen on the day after thrombolysis, but tended to return to the normal range on the 4th day except for one patient who suffered from disseminated intravascular coagulation. Antithrombin III activity did not change so much. Therefore, the dosage of urokinase should be as low as possible to prevent fluctuations in the coagulation and fibrinolysis system.
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2863
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Nakagawa H, Kobayashi K, Tono T, Fukuda K, Shinn E, Mishima H, Yagyu T, Kobayashi T, Kikkawa N. [Combination of intra-hepatic arterial infusion of low-dose cisplatin and oral administration of high-dose doxyfluridine for patients with liver metastases of gastric cancer]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1996; 23:783-5. [PMID: 8645030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Three cases of gastric cancer with multiple liver metastases were treated with low-dose CDDP and high-dose 5'-DFUR after surgery. The regimen was 20 mg CDDP intra-hepatic arterial infusion per week and 1,200 mg 5'-DFUR oral treatment per day. The liver metastases of two cases responded to this chemotherapy with a reduction of more than 90%, and two cases lived more than 2 years. All of them lived more than one year. This therapy had few side effects and was performed ambulatorily once per week, so patients were able to maintain their quality of life. This combination therapy may well assure a better prognosis for patients with liver metastases of gastric cancer.
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2864
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Nakano S, Satoh K, Takahashi K, Mitani M, Kobayashi T, Seo H, Kawase Y, Tanabe M, Fujita J, Yamaji Y, Okada H. [Comparison between high-resolution computed tomography and 99mTc-technegas SPECT pulmonary emphysema]. NIHON KYOBU SHIKKAN GAKKAI ZASSHI 1996; 34:511-9. [PMID: 8753108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Scintigraphy with 99mTc-technegas was recently introduced for clinical imaging of lung ventilation. This method has been found to be useful in emergencies, to be more suitable for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) than other agents used in ventilation scintigraphy, and could reveal abnormalities in ventilation more easily than high resolusion computed tomography (HRCT) in pulmonary emphysema. We compared 99mTc-technegas SPECT with HRCT in six regions: the right upper, middle, and lower lobes, the left upper lobe, the lingula, and the left lower lobe, in 15 patients with pulmonary emphysema. Patients with centrilobular emphysema tended to show stronger changes in upper lobes than in lower lobes on both 99mTc-technegas SPECT and HRCT. Some regions showed no change on HRCT but various changes on 99mTc-SPECT. Patients with panlobular emphysema showed severe changes on 99mTc-SPECT in lower lung fields in which well-demarcated areas of low attenuation were not seen on HRCT. We conclude that 99mTc-SPECT is useful for detecting early changes and panlobular changes in pulmonary emphysema.
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2865
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Kobayashi T, Nakanishi K, Murase T, Kosaka K. Small doses of subcutaneous insulin as a strategy for preventing slowly progressive beta-cell failure in islet cell antibody-positive patients with clinical features of NIDDM. Diabetes 1996; 45:622-6. [PMID: 8621013 DOI: 10.2337/diab.45.5.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We report a pilot study to determine the preventive effect of small doses of insulin injected subcutaneously on slowly progressive beta-cell damage in islet cell antibody (ICA)-positive patients with apparent NIDDM. Ten NIDDM patients who were ICA' were divided into two groups of five. In the insulin group (age: 51 +/- 8 years [mean +/- SD], sex: 3 men and 2 women), intermediate-type insulin (3-16 U/day) was given once or twice daily as a subcutaneous injection. The sulfonylurea (SU) group (age: 48 +/- 11 years, sex: 3 men and 2 women) was initially treated with a SU agent. Changes in beta-cell function, as indicated by serum C-peptide responses and blood glucose values during a 100-g oral glucose tolerance test, as well as ICA and GAD antibody status, were evaluated for up to 30 months in both groups. ICA status became negative in four of five patients in the insulin group. ICA status did not become negative in any of the patients in the SU group (P = 0.047 vs. insulin group). ICA status was persistently positive in two patients whose beta-cell function eventually progressed to an insulin-dependent state and fluctuated in the remaining three patients. In the insulin group, GAD antibody status became negative in one of four initially GAD antibody-positive NIDDM patients. In the SU group, GAD antibody status was persistently positive in three NIDDM patients (NS vs. insulin group). The serum C-peptide response improved significantly within 6 and 12 months in the insulin group, whereas it decreased progressively in the SU group. The changes in C-peptide response were significantly different between the two groups at 6, 12, 24, and 30 months. Two-hour blood glucose and HbA1 values were unchanged in the insulin group, but they increased in the SU group. Subcutaneous small doses of insulin, resulting in a high rate of negative conversion of ICA and an improved serum C-peptide response, may be effective in treating ICA+ NIDDM patients who are at high risk for slowly progressive beta-cell failure.
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2866
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Zhang W, Piatyszek MA, Kobayashi T, Estey E, Andreeff M, Deisseroth AB, Wright WE, Shay JW. Telomerase activity in human acute myelogenous leukemia: inhibition of telomerase activity by differentiation-inducing agents. Clin Cancer Res 1996; 2:799-803. [PMID: 9816233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The terminal regions of human chromosomes, the telomeres, shorten with each cell division in most normal somatic cells. Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes telomeric DNA onto chromosomal ends, is activated in germline cells and almost all tumor cells. Telomerase activity maintains the stability of telomere length, resulting in indefinite cellular proliferation (immortality). In the present study, telomerase activity was analyzed in leukemic mononuclear blood cells obtained from 56 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) with known cytogenetic alterations. Heterogenous levels of telomerase activity were observed and generally correlated with cytogenetic status. Patients with 11q abnormalities and -5/-7 (unfavorable cytogenetics) tended to have high telomerase activity compared with cells obtained from AML patients with other types of cytogenetics. Additional studies with a larger cohort of patients will determine whether these differences are statistically significant. Chemotherapy agents that result in differentiation of leukemic cells also resulted in inhibition of telomerase activity. Knowledge of telomerase activity in patients with AML, before and throughout therapy, may have clinical utility for following disease progression and may predict early cancer relapse.
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2867
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Ikeda S, Yanagisawa N, Hanyu N, Furihata K, Kobayashi T. Coexistence of type I familial amyloid polyneuropathy and spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. Clinical and genetic studies of a Japanese family. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996; 60:586-8. [PMID: 8778271 PMCID: PMC486380 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.60.5.586-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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2868
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Miura S, Nishida S, Makita K, Sakurai Y, Shimoyama T, Sugimoto M, Yoshioka A, Ishii K, Kito M, Kobayashi T, Fujimura Y. Inhibition assay for the binding of biotinylated von Willebrand factor to platelet-bound microtiter wells in the presence of ristocetin or botrocetin. Anal Biochem 1996; 236:215-20. [PMID: 8660497 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1996.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We developed a solid-phase inhibition assay for the binding of biotinylated von Willebrand factor (vWF) to platelet glycoprotein (GP)Ib based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with platelet-bound microtiter wells. Washed platelets were immobilized onto the microplates via the anti-GPIIb/IIIa monoclonal antibody (mAb) VNR-5. In the presence of an antibiotic ristocetin (1 mg/ml, final) or the snake venom botrocetin (2 micrograms/ml, final), biotinylated vWF bound to the affixed platelets with half-maximal binding occurring at a vWF concentration of approximately 2 micrograms/ml. Several specific inhibitors of the binding of vWF to GPIb abolished the interaction of biotinylated vWF with GPIb in a dose-dependent fashion, with comparable protein concentrations to those seen in the liquid-phase inhibition assay using 125I-vWF. These inhibitors included mAb against vWF (NMC-4), mAb against GPIb (AP-1), and two vWF fragments containing vWF's putative GPIb-binding domain, namely a 39/34-kDa dispase-digested vWF fragment and a recombinant vWF fragment. Thus, this new assay is a convenient alternative to the conventional inhibition assay using 125I-vWF.
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2869
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Kobayashi T, Horiuchi T. A yeast gene product, Fob1 protein, required for both replication fork blocking and recombinational hotspot activities. Genes Cells 1996; 1:465-74. [PMID: 9078378 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2443.1996.d01-256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the rRNA gene cluster on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XII, a unique site that blocks progression of the replication fork exists in a single unit of the repeats. The site RFB (replication fork blocking) is located within one of two cis-elements present in a nontranscribed region of each repeated unit, which are required for obtaining maximal activity of a hotspot (HOT1) dependent recombination. RESULTS To investigate the correlation between replication fork blocking at RFB and homologous recombination at HOT1, we have isolated Hot1-defective mutants and examined their ability for fork blocking at RFB. Amongst 23 isolated mutants, four were found to be defective in both abilities. Genetic analysis of the mutants reveals that a single mutation, named fob1 (fork blocking less), is responsible for the defects in both abilities. The FOB1 gene is located on chromosome IV and has no homology with any other genes listed in DNA data banks. CONCLUSION The pleiotropic effect of the fob1 mutation suggests that homologous recombination at HOT1 is closely linked with DNA replication fork blocking event at RFB.
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2870
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Suzuki J, Kira J, Baba E, Nakamura M, Koyanagi Y, Nakamura T, Kawano Y, Yamasaki K, Shirabe S, Hatano N, Hayashi K, Yamamoto N, Kobayashi T. The association of antibodies against human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) pX gene mutant products with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. J Infect Dis 1996; 173:1115-22. [PMID: 8627062 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/173.5.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies specific for the products of the human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) pX frame-shift mutants were studied by ELISA. The serum IgG antibodies to the synthetic peptide corresponding to one nucleotide insertion at position 7784 were significantly more common in patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients than in HTLV-I carriers who had neither HAM/TSP nor adult T cell leukemia (39% vs. 5%). The seropositivities to the other synthetic peptides, which corresponded to the one nucleotide deletion at position 7475 and the internal deletion of nt 7754-7819 and nt 7853-7936, were rare. A genetic study confirmed the presence of the responsible mutation of the pX gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and central nervous system tissue from HTLV-I-infected subjects with and without HAM/TSP. These results suggest that HTLV-I pX frame-shift mutants are expressed in vivo in HTLV-I carriers; they also induce antibodies. especially in those with HAM/TSP.
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2871
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Taniguchi T, Yamamoto K, Kobayashi T. The precipitate formed by thiopentone and vecuronium. Can J Anaesth 1996; 43:511-3. [PMID: 8723859 DOI: 10.1007/bf03018114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the composition and solubility of the precipitate formed by thiopentone and vecuronium in vitro. METHODS The precipitate formed by mixing thiopentone 2.5% and vecuronium 0.1% at room temperature was analyzed by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The solubility of the precipitate in human plasma was measured by HPLC. RESULTS The UV absorption spectrum of the precipitate resembled that of thiopentone. HPLC analysis produced a single peak with the same retention time as thiopentone (4.6 min). In human plasma the solubility of the precipitate was not different from that of thiopentone acid. The solubility of thiopentone was greater than that of the precipitate. CONCLUSION The precipitate formed by thiopentone and vecuronium in vitro consisted of thiopentone acid, which was insoluble in human plasma.
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2872
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Yamada T, Kobayashi T. A novel emerin mutation in a Japanese patient with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Hum Genet 1996; 97:693-4. [PMID: 8655156 DOI: 10.1007/bf02281886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sequencing of the STA gene in a patient with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy showed a 1-bp deletion of C at nucleotide 672 or 673. This deletion causes a frameshift, changing the amino acid sequence (amino acids 206-235) and generating an early stop codon.
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2873
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Kurihara A, Shibayama Y, Mizota A, Yasuno A, Ikeda M, Sasagawa K, Kobayashi T, Hisaoka M. Lipid emulsions of palmitoylrhizoxin: effects of composition on lipolysis and biodistribution. Biopharm Drug Dispos 1996; 17:331-42. [PMID: 8743404 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-081x(199605)17:4<331::aid-bdd959>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Four types of lipid emulsion for highly lipophilic antitumour agent RS-1541 (13-O-palmitoylrhizoxin) with mean particle diameters of 200-260 nm were prepared using soybean oil (SOY) or dioctanoyldecanoylglycerol (ODO) for the oil phase and lecithin (LEC) or polyoxyethylene-(60)-hydrogenated castor oil (HCO-60) for surfactants. The lipolysis rate of HCO-60-emulsified emulsions by lipoprotein lipase was much slower than that of LEC-emulsified emulsions. Particle sizes of emulsions incubated in plasma with the lipase for six hours were 75%, 79%, 101%, and 93% of initial values for SOY/LEC, ODO/LEC, SOY/HCO-60, and ODO/HCO-60 emulsions, respectively, showing an apparent size decrease for LEC-emulsified emulsions. In rats, uptake clearance values of SOY/LEC and ODO/LEC emulsions of RS-1541 in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) were 81.2 and 135.3 mL h(-1), respectively, and AUC values were 4.0 and 1.3 microg h mL(-1), respectively. In contrast, RES uptake clearances of HCO-60 emulsions of RS-1541 were considerably lower (4.2 mL h(-1) for SOY/HCO-60; 2.2 mL h(-1) for ODO/HCO-60), resulting in high AUC values (35.4 microg h mL(-1) for SOY/ HCO-60; 63.9 microg h mL(-1) for ODO/HCO-60). The concentrations of RS-1541 in tumour tissues after an intravenous administration of ODO/HCO-60 emulsions of RS-1541 to mice bearing solid tumour M5076 sarcoma were about ten times higher than those after the administration of SOY/LEC emulsions. These results indicate that HCO-60 emulsions, compared with conventional LEC emulsions, are more stable to lipoprotein lipase and show low uptakes by RES organs, long circulations in the plasma, and high distributions in tumours. Thus, these sterically stabilized emulsions could show potential as effective carriers for highly lipophilic antitumour agents to enhance the drug delivery in tumours.
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2874
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Hayashi I, Makuuchi H, Naruse Y, Kobayashi T, Yamamoto T, Hariya A, Maruno H, Murata H, Usui M. [A case report of concomitant carotid and coronary artery reconstruction]. KYOBU GEKA. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF THORACIC SURGERY 1996; 49:380-3. [PMID: 8992041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We reported a case of a 70-year-old female who underwent simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass surgery. Preoperatively, cardiac catheterization demonstrated three vessel coronary artery disease. Her carotid angiogram revealed a 90% stenosis in the left common carotid artery. The cerebral blood flow scintigram on acetazolamide stress detected severely reduced cerebral blood flow on her left anterior and temporal lobe. Her postoperative course was uneventful. Postoperatively, no reduced cerebral blood flow was detected on the acetazolamide stress image. In patients with significant carotid artery stenosis, the cerearal blood flow scintigraphy on acetazolamide stress was a useful method for the simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass surgery.
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2875
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Kobayashi T, Onoda N, Takagi T, Hori H, Hattori S, Nagai Y, Tajima S, Nishikawa T. Immunolocalizations of human gelatinase (type IV collagenase, MMP-9) and TIMP (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases) in normal epidermis and some epidermal tumors. Arch Dermatol Res 1996; 288:239-44. [PMID: 8738566 DOI: 10.1007/bf02530091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-2 and MMP-9 (gelatinases) have been suggested as serving an important role in cleaving the basement membrane structure. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases TIMPs (particularly TIMP-1) are known to inhibit MMPs. Based on this background, we raised monoclonal antibodies against human gelatinase (MMP-9) and human recombinant TIMP (TIMP-1), and immunostained these two components in skin from patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), Bowen's disease (BD) and keratoacanthoma (KA). MMP-9 showed positive staining mainly in the granular layer of normal epidermis. In some cases of SCC and BD, MMP-9 showed positive staining in the dysplastic lesions even in the basal layer. TIMP showed a thorough positivity in normal epidermis. Unstained regions with this antibody were observed in SCC and BD. These results suggest that an altered staining pattern for MMP-9 and TIMP may be closely related to the malignant transformation of SCC and BD.
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