3351
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Liu Z, Zhu Z, Roberg K, Faras AJ, Guise KS, Kapuscinski AR, Hackett PB. The beta-actin gene of carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Nucleic Acids Res 1989; 17:5850. [PMID: 2762162 PMCID: PMC318213 DOI: 10.1093/nar/17.14.5850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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3352
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Liu Z. [The microflora of enamel and cemental caries]. ZHONGHUA KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 1989; 24:215-7. [PMID: 2517095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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3353
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Tanner CM, Chen B, Wang W, Peng M, Liu Z, Liang X, Kao LC, Gilley DW, Goetz CG, Schoenberg BS. Environmental factors and Parkinson's disease: a case-control study in China. Neurology 1989; 39:660-4. [PMID: 2710356 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.39.5.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the role of environment in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) in China, where industrialization is relatively recent and the population geographically stable. Using a case-control method, we investigated the relationship between PD and exposure to the following factors before disease onset: place of residence, source of drinking water, environmental and occupational exposure to various agricultural and industrial processes. Occupational or residential exposure to industrial chemicals, printing plants, or quarries was associated with an increased risk of developing PD. In contrast, living in villages and exposure to the common accompaniments of village life, wheat growing and pig raising, were associated with a decreased risk for PD. PD cases and controls did not differ with respect to other factors investigated. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that environmental exposure to certain industrial chemicals may be related to the development of PD.
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3354
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Guo AK, Liu Z, Feng CH. Computer simulations of figure-ground discrimination in the visual system of the fly. SCIENCE IN CHINA. SERIES B, CHEMISTRY, LIFE SCIENCES & EARTH SCIENCES 1989; 32:78-87. [PMID: 2742750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Figure-ground discrimination and pattern discrimination represent one of the most important problems in computer vision. Based on computational neuronal network model proposed by Reichardt et al. for figure-ground discrimination in the visual system of the fly, entire systematic computer simulations were carried out under nonstationary conditions. Results show that the model network and simulations have predictive power for behavioural experimental results. This paper proposes that motion perception and elementary pattern discrimination in human visual system may be mediated by some kind of figure-ground system with movement detectors as input layer.
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3355
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Liu Z, Goldstein S, Goldstein A. Urban-rural and educational differentials in marital status in China. ASIAN AND PACIFIC POPULATION FORUM 1989; 3:9-18, 28-32. [PMID: 12282641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Since 1950, laws aimed at delaying marriage have been 1 of the major means of slowing population growth in China, where marriage is nearly universal. Age at marriage has risen in recent decades, but not to the same extent in all localities. This article uses cross-tabulated data from China's 1982 census to assess the effects of urban-rural residence and educational level on the ages at which men and women have been marrying. The data also reveal the effects of residence and education on widowhood, divorce, and current marital status. As expected, exposure to development, indicated by urban residence and higher education, is associated with later marriage, but it also increases the likelihood of ever marrying, especially for men. Women's tendency to seek social mobility by marrying men from economically more developed areas results in bachelorhood for a substantial percentage of rural men, especially those who are illiterate.
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3356
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Liu Z, Liu L. An analysis of social consequences of rapid fertility decline in China. POPULATION RESEARCH (PEKING, CHINA) 1988; 5:17-30. [PMID: 12282093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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3357
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Liu Z. [Risk factors in hypertensive farmers in Yu county of Shanxi Province]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 1988; 16:273-4. [PMID: 3234215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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3358
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Liu Z, Wang Z, Li YS, Yan XL, Sun DD, Xiao HY, Zhu XF, He DG, Huang DH, Lu HB. [Screening of 6314 children in Chengdu for hematuria, proteinuria and bacteriuria]. HUA XI YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF WEST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUAXI YIKE DAXUE XUEBAO 1988; 19:297-300. [PMID: 3253177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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3359
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Liu Z, Welsch G. Literature Survey on Diffusivities of Oxygen, Aluminum, and Vanadium in Alpha Titanium, Beta Titanium, and in Rutile. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02628396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3360
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Liu Z. Further development of demography by linking closely with China's reality--a summary of statements at the Seminar on Population Theoretical Issues. POPULATION RESEARCH (PEKING, CHINA) 1988; 5:1-7. [PMID: 12281751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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3361
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Liu Z, Welsch G. Effects of oxygen and heat treatment on the mechanical properties of alpha and beta titanium alloys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02649267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3362
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Anstis G, Liu Z, Lake M. Investigation of amorphous materials by electron diffraction — The effects of multiple scattering. Ultramicroscopy 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-3991(88)90378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3363
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McKenzie DR, Cockayne DJB, Liu Z, Dwarte DM, Song SA. The structure of boron- and phosphorus-doped amorphous silicon thin films. Acta Crystallogr A 1987. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767387081820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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3364
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Liu Z, Bushnell WR, Brambl R. Pontentiometric cyanine dyes are sensitive probes for mitochondria in intact plant cells : kinetin enhances mitochondrial fluorescence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1987; 84:1385-90. [PMID: 16665615 PMCID: PMC1056783 DOI: 10.1104/pp.84.4.1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Selected fluorescent dyes were tested for uptake by mitochrondria in intact cells of barley, maize, and onion. The cationic cyanine dye 3,3'-diheptyloxacarbocyanine iodide [DiOC(7)(3)] accumulated in mitochondria within 15 to 30 minutes without appreciable staining of other protoplasmic constituents. The number, shape, and movement of the fluorescent mitochondria could be seen readily, and the fluorescence intensity of the mitochondria could be monitored with a microscope photometer. Fluorescence was eliminated in 1 to 5 minutes by the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) indicating that maintenance of dye concentration was dependent on the inside-negative transmembrane potential maintained by functional mitochondria. Fluorescence of prestained mitochondria was enhanced within 5 to 10 minutes after addition of 0.1 millimolar kinetin to cells. The fluorescence in kinetintreated cells was dissipated by CCCP. These results suggest that kinetin interacted with respiratory processes resulting in higher potential across the mitochondrial membrane.
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3365
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Kuang PG, Pu CQ, Liu Z, Yin WM, Zhang FY, Liu YN. Effect of huoxue huayu composita on TXB2 levels in ischemic rat brain. J TRADIT CHIN MED 1987; 7:119-22. [PMID: 3448390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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3366
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Henning W, Bell WA, Billquist PJ, Glagola BG, Kutschera W, Liu Z, Lucas HF, Paul M, Rehm KE, Yntema JL. Calcium-41 Concentration in Terrestrial Materials: Prospects for Dating of Pleistocene Samples. Science 1987; 236:725-7. [PMID: 17748311 DOI: 10.1126/science.236.4802.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-41 has been suggested as a new tool for radiometric dating in the range of 10(5) to 10(6) years. The concentration of cosmogenic calcium-41 in natural samples of terrestrial origin has now been determined by high-sensitivity accelerator mass spectrometry after pre-enrichment in calcium-41 with an isotope separator. Ratios of calcium-41 to total calcium between 2 x 10(-14) and 3 x 10(-15) were measured for samples of contemporary bovine bone and from limestone deposits. Some prospects for the use of calcium-41 for dating Middle and Late Pleistocene bone and for other geophysical applications are discussed.
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3367
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Wang Z, An Y, Liu Z, Zhu GQ, Huang RS. [Effect of 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone on TXA2 release from rabbit platelets]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 1987; 22:330-4. [PMID: 3687457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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3368
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Liu Z. [Clinical and bacteriological study of the conservative treatment of deep carious lesions]. ZHONGHUA KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 1987; 22:82-5, 126-7. [PMID: 3476280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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3369
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Li F, Qin J, Liu Z, Wu Z, Qian B. Compatibility and Water Retentive Properties of Polyacrylonitrile Copolymer and Polyvinyl Acetate Copolymer Blend Fibers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 1987. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng.1987.7.2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3370
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Henderson G, Liu Y, Guan X, Liu Z. The rise of technology in Chinese hospitals. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 1986; 3:253-63. [PMID: 10284923 DOI: 10.1017/s0266462300000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hospitals in the 1980s are in the midst of a technological revolution. Based upon data from several regions in China, this paper describes the political, organizational, economic, and philosophical changes which have accompanied the shift in focus from primary care medicine to high technology tertiary care. The increased authority of physicians, greater contact with the West, and increased funding for medical equipment are key factors in these changes. Although the Chinese state continues to control the administration and financing of most hospitals, the decentralizing reforms of Deng Xiaoping have undermined its ability to effectively plan for, and assess new technology. At present, limited resources prevent most regions from excessive technology acquisition, but the state must rebuild its planning capacity in order to foster rational allocation of scarce medical resources.
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3371
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Feng-Chen KC, Chen BF, Liu Z, Ng AK. Application of avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method with a monoclonal antibody to human Ia-like antigen in immunoelectron microscopy. J Histochem Cytochem 1986; 34:1495-9. [PMID: 3534079 DOI: 10.1177/34.11.3534079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (MAb) to human Ia-like (HLA-DR) antigen was applied with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) immunostaining method to localize the Ia-like antigen at the electron microscopic level. Our results indicated that in human tonsils and adenoids fixed with 4-6% phosphate-buffered paraformaldehyde for 4-6 hr, sharply delineated electron-dense products of the antigen and antibody complex were detectable on the outer cell membranes of lymphoblasts, lymphocytes, reticular cells, and macrophages. In our study, the vibratome sections of the paraformaldehyde-fixed, pre-embedding immunostained tissues consistently showed more satisfactory morphology than frozen sections. The combined use of the anti-human Ia monoclonal antibody and the ABC procedure with paraformaldehyde fixation provides a simple and sensitive method to study at the ultrastructural level the Ia-like antigen-bearing cells, which are vital in the immune response.
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3372
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Liu Z. [[An analysis of regional differential mortality]]. REN KOU YAN JIU = RENKOU YANJIU 1986:11-8. [PMID: 12281350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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3373
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Liu Z, Brin KP, Yin FC. Estimation of total arterial compliance: an improved method and evaluation of current methods. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1986; 251:H588-600. [PMID: 3752271 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1986.251.3.h588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Determination of arterial compliance in vivo has long interested physiologists. Most current methods for estimating this parameter assume that compliance is constant, i.e., that arterial pressure-volume (P-V) relations are linear, and they also assume that diastolic aortic pressure decay is an exponential function of time. Both of these assumptions, however, are questionable. This study proposes improved methods of estimating compliance based on a Windkessel model of the arterial system but which utilize the area under the pressure tracing rather than the waveform itself. Formulations accounting for both linear and three hypothetical nonlinear arterial P-V relations (exponential, logarithmic, and parabolic) are presented. Data from patients with congestive heart failure and hypertension are used for illustration. Compliances assuming linear P-V relations are reasonably close to those assuming nonlinear P-V relations only at mean aortic pressure. At end-diastolic pressure the linear assumption underestimates and at peak systolic it overestimates the compliances obtained assuming nonlinear P-V relations. The simpler linear assumption still allows a first approximation to compliance, but we show that existing methods for obtaining compliance under this assumption have severe theoretical as well as practical shortcomings. Our proposed method avoids these shortcomings primarily because deviations from an exact exponential form of the pressure wave have less influence on these compliance estimates than currently used methods.
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3374
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Liu Z. The age structure and sex ratio of China's population in 1982 (including revised data in the light of published data about servicemen). POPULATION RESEARCH (PEKING, CHINA) 1986; 3:11-15, 49. [PMID: 12268822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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3375
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Kuang PG, Pu CQ, Liu Z, Yin WM, Zhang FY, Liu YN. Cerebral infarction in a bilateral common carotid artery ligation model protected by radix Salviae miltiorrhizae. J TRADIT CHIN MED 1986; 6:121-4. [PMID: 3773560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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