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Churina IV, Cho BI, Bernstein A, Stoker DS, Dalton A, Symes DR, Ditmire T. Single-shot optical conductivity measurement of dense aluminum plasmas. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2009; 80:015401. [PMID: 19658765 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.80.015401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The optical conductivity of a dense femtosecond laser-heated aluminum plasma heated to 0.1-1.5 eV was measured using frequency-domain interferometry with chirped pulses, permitting simultaneous observation of optical probe reflectivity and probe pulse phase shift. Coupled with published models of bound-electron contributions to the conductivity, these two independent experimental data yielded a direct measurement of both real and imaginary components of the plasma conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Churina
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Wang X, Janssens RVF, Carpenter MP, Zhu S, Wiedenhöver I, Garg U, Frauendorf S, Nakatsukasa T, Ahmad I, Bernstein A, Diffenderfer E, Freeman SJ, Greene JP, Khoo TL, Kondev FG, Larabee A, Lauritsen T, Lister CJ, Meredith B, Seweryniak D, Teal C, Wilson P. Structure of 240Pu: evidence for octupole phonon condensation? Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:122501. [PMID: 19392268 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.122501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The expanded level structure of 240Pu available from the present study highlights the role of strong octupole correlations in this nucleus. In addition to a delayed alignment in the yrast band, the observations include the presence of both I(+)-->(I-1)(-) and I(-)-->(I-1)(+)E1 transitions linking states of the yrast and negative-parity bands at high spin and the presence of an additional even-spin, positive-parity band deexciting exclusively to the negative-parity sequence. The observations appear to be consistent with expectations based on the recently proposed concept of octupole phonon condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Orvieto M, Bernstein A, Katz M, Eng M, Zorn K, Shalhav A. POD-1.02: The Impact of Warm Ischemia Time on Perioperative Outcomes and Creatinine Clearance in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy. Urology 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2008.08.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bernstein A, Trafton J, Ilgen M, Zvolensky M. An evaluation of the role of smoking context on a biobehavioral index of distress tolerance. Addict Behav 2008; 33:1409-1415. [PMID: 18657912 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of smoking deprivation on a biobehavioral index of distress tolerance, breath-holding duration, among 43 adult smokers in a repeated measures test (Session 1=smoking-as-usual, Session 2=12-h smoking deprivation). We theorized that distress tolerance is a context-dependent individual difference variable whose expression varies prospectively, within-individuals, as a function of smoking context. As predicted, participants' breath-holding duration was significantly shorter during an experimental session that immediately followed a 12-h smoking deprivation period than during a smoking-as-usual session. Furthermore, we theorized that among individuals with a pre-existing diathesis (i.e., psychiatric symptoms), smoking deprivation may activate a vulnerability process that decreases capacity to tolerate distress; in the absence of this stressor, these psychiatrically vulnerable smokers may express variable levels of distress tolerance. As predicted, we observed that level of psychiatric symptoms was significantly negatively correlated with breath-holding duration during the smoking deprivation, but not the smoking-as-usual session. These data advance our understanding of smoking and distress tolerance and the context-dependent phenomenology of distress tolerance.
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Orvieto M, Bernstein A, Zagaja G, Zorn K, Shalhav A, Shikanov S, Brendler C. MP-6.03: The University of Chicago Technique for Pelvic Lymphadenectomy During Robotic Prostatectomy: Assessing Nodal Yield, Operative Statistics, and Complications. Urology 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2008.08.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Block Veras R, Berginski M, Kriwalsky M, Maurer P, Eckert AW, Heinzelmann C, Bernstein A, Schubert J. O.430 Biological properties of adhesives used for osteosynthesis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-5182(08)71554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Angle J, Aprile E, Arneodo F, Baudis L, Bernstein A, Bolozdynya A, Coelho LCC, Dahl CE, DeViveiros L, Ferella AD, Fernandes LMP, Fiorucci S, Gaitskell RJ, Giboni KL, Gomez R, Hasty R, Kastens L, Kwong J, Lopes JAM, Madden N, Manalaysay A, Manzur A, McKinsey DN, Monzani ME, Ni K, Oberlack U, Orboeck J, Plante G, Santorelli R, dos Santos JMF, Shagin P, Shutt T, Sorensen P, Schulte S, Winant C, Yamashita M. Limits on spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross sections from the XENON10 experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:091301. [PMID: 18851599 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.091301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2008] [Revised: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
XENON10 is an experiment to directly detect weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which may comprise the bulk of the nonbaryonic dark matter in our Universe. We report new results for spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon interactions with 129Xe and 131Xe from 58.6 live days of operation at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. Based on the nonobservation of a WIMP signal in 5.4 kg of fiducial liquid xenon mass, we exclude previously unexplored regions in the theoretically allowed parameter space for neutralinos. We also exclude a heavy Majorana neutrino with a mass in the range of approximately 10 GeV/c2-2 TeV/c2 as a dark matter candidate under standard assumptions for its density and distribution in the galactic halo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Angle
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Kurz DJ, Bernstein A, Hunt K, Radovanovic D, Erne P, Siudak Z, Bertel O. Simple point-of-care risk stratification in acute coronary syndromes: the AMIS model. Heart 2008; 95:662-8. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2008.145904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Rushfeldt C, Bernstein A, Norderval S, Revhaug A. Introducing an asymmetric cleft lift technique as a uniform procedure for pilonidal sinus surgery. Scand J Surg 2008; 97:77-81. [PMID: 18450210 DOI: 10.1177/145749690809700111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Asymmetric techniques for surgery in pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) have been reported to provide better results than simple excision and closure in the midline. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the results after introducing the Bascom asymmetric cleft lift procedure in our hospital on a day care basis. MATERIAL AND METHODS From a total of 33 patients operated from April 2002 to September 2004 with the Bascom asymmetric cleft lift technique, we were able to contact 29 who were invited to a follow up study. Eighteen (62%) of these patients accepted a consultation in the outpatient clinic while 11 (38%) were interviewed by phone. RESULTS At follow up mean 17 (range 10-27) months after the operation 24 (83%) of the wounds were healed while recurrences were present in 5 (17%) of the patients. In two of the patients with recurrences errors in the procedures were identified. Further results related to pre-, per- and postoperative conditions are discussed in this paper. CONCLUSION Early results after surgery for PSD with the Bascom asymmetric cleft-lift technique are promising. The technique has now become our standard procedure for treating chronic, symptomatic PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rushfeldt
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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Göbel F, Ulbricht S, Hein W, Bernstein A. [Radiological mid-term results of total knee arthroplasty with femoral components of different materials]. Z Orthop Unfall 2008; 146:194-9. [PMID: 18404582 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-989293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present work aimed at evaluating the radiological mid-term results of femoral components of different materials in an identically designed total knee system. METHOD 31 knees with zirconium femoral components and 32 standard femoral components were evaluated about 4 years following surgery using the Roentgenographic Evaluation and Scoring System of the Knee Society. RESULTS In both groups, the implant position was correct. There was a statistically significant higher rate of radiolucent lines in zones 1 and 4 at the tibia site in the zirconium group. CONCLUSION Our clinical results disagree with the results of biomechanical studies of the same type of prosthesis. However, there are some findings from animal studies showing that zirconium ions may inhibit the mineralisation of osteoid, which could be an explanation for the higher rate of radiolucent lines seen in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Göbel
- Zentrum für Erkrankungen und Verletzungen der Haltungs- und Bewegungsorgane, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle.
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61
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Angle J, Aprile E, Arneodo F, Baudis L, Bernstein A, Bolozdynya A, Brusov P, Coelho LCC, Dahl CE, DeViveiros L, Ferella AD, Fernandes LMP, Fiorucci S, Gaitskell RJ, Giboni KL, Gomez R, Hasty R, Kastens L, Kwong J, Lopes JAM, Madden N, Manalaysay A, Manzur A, McKinsey DN, Monzani ME, Ni K, Oberlack U, Orboeck J, Plante G, Santorelli R, dos Santos JMF, Shagin P, Shutt T, Sorensen P, Schulte S, Winant C, Yamashita M. First results from the XENON10 dark matter experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:021303. [PMID: 18232850 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.021303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The XENON10 experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory uses a 15 kg xenon dual phase time projection chamber to search for dark matter weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The detector measures simultaneously the scintillation and the ionization produced by radiation in pure liquid xenon to discriminate signal from background down to 4.5 keV nuclear-recoil energy. A blind analysis of 58.6 live days of data, acquired between October 6, 2006, and February 14, 2007, and using a fiducial mass of 5.4 kg, excludes previously unexplored parameter space, setting a new 90% C.L. upper limit for the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section of 8.8x10(-44) cm2 for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c2, and 4.5x10(-44) cm2 for a WIMP mass of 30 GeV/c2. This result further constrains predictions of supersymmetric models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Angle
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Abstract
An approach for automated nanotomography, a layer-by-layer imaging technique based on scanning probe microscopy (SPM), is presented. Stepwise etching and imaging is done in situ in a liquid cell of an SPM. The flow of etching and rinsing solutions after each etching step is controlled with solenoid valves which allow for an automated measuring protocol. The thermal drift and the drift of the piezo scanner is corrected by applying offsets calculated from the cross correlation coefficients between successive images. As an example, we have imaged human bone with approximately 10 nm resolution using tapping mode SPM and successive etching with hydrochloric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dietz
- Chemische Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
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Strach K, Meyer C, Thomas D, Naehle CP, Schmitz C, Litt H, Bernstein A, Cheng B, Schild H, Sommer T. High-resolution myocardial perfusion imaging at 3 T: comparison to 1.5 T in healthy volunteers. Eur Radiol 2007; 17:1829-35. [PMID: 17429650 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-006-0560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate high-resolution (HR) myocardial first-pass perfusion in healthy volunteers at 3 T compared to a typical clinical imaging protocol at 1.5 T, with respect to overall image quality and the presence of subendocardial dark rim artifacts. Myocardial first-pass rest perfusion studies were performed at both field strengths using a T1-weighted saturation-recovery segmented k-space gradient-echo sequence combined with parallel imaging (Gd-DTPA 0.05 mmol/kg). Twenty-six healthy volunteers underwent (1) a HR perfusion scan at 3 T(pixel size 3.78 mm(2)) and (2) a standard perfusion approach at 1.5 T(pixel size 9.86 mm(2)). The contrast enhancement ratio (CER) and overall image quality (4-point grading scale: 4: excellent; 1: non-diagnostic) were assessed, and a semiquantitative analysis of dark rim artifacts was performed for all studies. CER was slightly higher (1.31 +/- 0.32 vs. 1.14 +/- 0.34; p<0.01), overall image quality was significantly improved (3.03 +/- 0.43 vs. 2.37 +/- 0.39; p<0.01), and the number of dark rim artifacts (139 +/- 2.09 vs. 243 +/- 2.33; p<0.01) was significantly reduced for HR perfusion imaging at 3 T compared to the standard approach at 1.5 T. HR myocardial rest perfusion at 3 T is superior to the typical clinical perfusion protocol performed at 1.5 T with respect to the overall image quality and presence of subendocardial dark rim artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Strach
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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64
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Zeh A, Bernstein A, Genest M, Held A, Hein W. [Cage failure following replacement of the third lumbar vertebral body in Hodgkin's disease]. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb 2006; 144:328-31. [PMID: 16821187 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-933503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM We present a case report and the histological analysis of cage failure following vertebral body replacement in Hodgkin's disease. METHOD In a 35-year-old patient with a single metastasis of Hodgkin's disease replacement of the third lumbar vertebral body (Harms-titanium-mesh-cage, DePuy Acromed, completely filled with autogenous spongiosa from the iliac crest) was performed. 51 months postoperatively, the patient presented with acute back pain without trauma. The X-ray showed a collapse of the Harms-titanium-mesh-cage. The cage fragments had caused ventral dislocation of the main blood vessels and dura compression without neurological deficits. After the replacement of the failed Harms-cage (Synex, Synthes) histological analysis (light microscope, non-decalcified horizontal cuts, thickness of 150-200 microm, Giemsa und van Gieson staining) was done. RESULT The histology showed a remodelling of new bone in the area of the endplates without contact to the cage wall. In the region of the cage corpus, bony necrosis and connective tissue rich in cells was found. CONCLUSION Bridging fusion in vertebral body replacement cages is not proven. As a result cage failure may occur. Therefore, in tumour patients with high live expectancy, Palacos filling of the cages should be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zeh
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Zentrum für Verletzungen und Erkrankungen der Haltungs- und Bewegungsorgane, Klinik für Orthopädie, Halle/Saale.
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65
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bernstein
- Medical Clinic, The School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital and University, Baltimore
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66
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bernstein
- Medical Clinic, the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University and Hospital, Baltimore
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To MD, Gokgoz N, Doyle TG, Donoviel DB, Knight JA, Hyslop PS, Bernstein A, Andrulis IL. Functional characterization of novel presenilin-2 variants identified in human breast cancers. Oncogene 2006; 25:3557-64. [PMID: 16474849 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We identified in breast cancer cases two germline alterations, R62H and R71W, in presenilin-2 (PS-2), a gene involved in familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). The role of these alleles in FAD is unclear, but neither allele affected Abeta(42)/Abeta(40) ratio. However, both R62H and R71W alterations compromised PS-2 function in Notch signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans and cell growth inhibition in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and these effects were dependent on gene dosage. We found that both alterations enhanced the degradation of the PS-2 full-length protein, indicating that they may have a loss-of function effect. The effect of the R71W alteration was noticeably stronger, and we observed an almost threefold higher frequency of this allele in breast cancer cases versus controls, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Nonetheless, these results collectively suggest that the novel PS-2 alleles described here, especially R71W, affect PS-2 function and may potentially confer a moderate risk of susceptibility to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D To
- Fred A Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Mayr HO, Beck T, Hube R, Jäger A, von Eisenhart-Rothe R, Bernstein A, Plitz W, Hein W. [Axial load in case of press-fit fixation of the ACL graft--a fundamental study]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 143:556-60. [PMID: 16224676 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-872473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was the determination of the axial fixation load resting on smooth press-fit dowels needed for fixation of the patellar tendon graft (BTB) in order to reach the same fixation properties compared to the interference screw on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) plasty. METHOD Bovine test specimens with 27 BTB grafts fixed in tibial drill holes were used and divided in 3 groups: interference screw, and press-fit cylinder (Ø 7 mm) with 150 N and 100 N axial loads. Prior to fixation, impactation of the transplant into bone was carried out. Failure testing was done in a tensiometer at a cross-head speed of 50 mm/min. Determinations of peak load and stiffness were also made. RESULTS Similar peak loads and stiffness were reached on introducing a press-fit dowel (slashed circle 7 mm) with 100 N and 150 N axial load compared to interference screw fixation of the BTB graft. Peak load: 988.1 N +/- 365.1 (screw) versus 1 210.4 N +/- 292.4 (dowel 150 N) and 1 109.8 N +/- 505.4 (dowel 100 N). Stiffness: 86.4 N/mm +/- 20.5 (screw) versus 102.4 N/mm +/- 15.2 (dowel 150 N) and 77.1 N/mm +/- 11.0 (dowel 100 N). There was no significant difference. CONCLUSION When introducing a press-fit dowel (slashed circle 7 mm) with 100 N axial load into a preformed bone bed, the same fixation properties are reached as in the case of an interference screw on BTB-ACL plasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Mayr
- OCM -- Klinik für Orthopädische Chirurgie München, München.
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69
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Abstract
The nonphysical wedge is a modality that uses computer‐controlled jaw motion to generate wedge‐shaped dose distributions. There are Varian enhanced dynamic wedges (EDWs) and Siemens virtual wedges (VWs). We recently commissioned dynamic wedges on both Varian and Siemens LINACs. The beam data, acquired with a Wellhöfer chamber array and a Sun Nuclear profiler, are used for modeling in the ADAC Pinnacle system. As recommended by ADAC, only a limited number of beam data is measured and used for beam modeling. Therefore, the dose distributions of dynamic wedges generated by Pinnacle must be examined. Following the commissioning of the dynamic wedges, we used Pinnacle to generate a number of dose distributions with different energies, wedge angles, field sizes, and depths. The computed data from Pinnacle are then compared with the measured data. The deviations of the output factor in all square and rectangular fields are mostly within 2.0% for both EDW and VW. For asymmetric fields, the deviations are within 3%. However, exceptions of differences more than 3% have been found in a larger field and large wedge combinations. The precision of the beam profiles generated by Pinnacle is also evaluated. As a result of this investigation, we present a scope of quality assurance tests that are necessary to ensure acceptable consistency between the delivered dose and the associated treatment plan when dynamic wedges are applied. PACS numbers: 8753 Dq, 87.53.Xd
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Shao
- Radiation Oncology DepartmentUniversity of Miami, School of Medicine1475 N.W. 12th AvenueMiamiFloridaU.S.A.33136
| | - X. Wu
- Radiation Oncology DepartmentUniversity of Miami, School of Medicine1475 N.W. 12th AvenueMiamiFloridaU.S.A.33136
| | - C. Luo
- Radiation Oncology DepartmentUniversity of Miami, School of Medicine1475 N.W. 12th AvenueMiamiFloridaU.S.A.33136
| | - S. Crooks
- Radiation Oncology DepartmentUniversity of Miami, School of Medicine1475 N.W. 12th AvenueMiamiFloridaU.S.A.33136
| | - A. Bernstein
- Radiation Oncology DepartmentUniversity of Miami, School of Medicine1475 N.W. 12th AvenueMiamiFloridaU.S.A.33136
| | - A. Markoe
- Radiation Oncology DepartmentUniversity of Miami, School of Medicine1475 N.W. 12th AvenueMiamiFloridaU.S.A.33136
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Shao H, Wu X, Luo C, Crooks A, Bernstein A, Markoe A. The accuracy of dynamic wedge dose computation in the ADAC Pinnacle RTP system. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1120/jacmp.2022.25309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Stein MN, Shin J, Gudzowaty O, Bernstein A, Liu JM. Natural killer (NK) cell alloreactivity against breast cancer is not predicted by KIR/KIR ligand incompatibility but is augmented by trastuzumab. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.9605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. N. Stein
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - J. Shin
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | | | - J. M. Liu
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
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Bernstein A, Nelson ME, Tucker KL, Layne J, Johnson E, Nuernberger A, Castaneda C, Judge JO, Buchner D, Singh MF. A home-based nutrition intervention to increase consumption of fruits, vegetables, and calcium-rich foods in community dwelling elders. J Am Diet Assoc 2002; 102:1421-7. [PMID: 12396159 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To increase fruit, vegetable, and calcium-rich food consumption in community-dwelling, functionally impaired elderly. DESIGN Six-month, home-based nutrition intervention study. SUBJECTS Seventy men and women older than age 69 years were randomized to either a nutrition education intervention (n = 38) or a control group that received an exercise intervention (n = 32). INTERVENTION Nutrition education was designed to increase fruit, vegetable, and calcium-rich food consumption. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Food intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Fasting blood measures of nutrients and carotenoids were performed. Statistical Analysis Two-group randomized controlled trial with pre-test and post-test design and intention-to-treat analysis. Analysis of covariance to was used to assess differences between the two groups. Baseline and change partial correlation coefficients were performed between intake and blood nutrient levels. Paired t tests were conducted to test within-group changes. RESULTS Compared with the exercise group, subjects in nutrition group increased their self-reported intake of fruits by 1.1 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SEM) servings per day (2.8 to 3.9, P = .01), vegetables 1.1 +/- 0.2 servings per day (2.3 to 3.4, P = .001), and milk/dairy 0.9 +/- 0.2 servings per day (3.0 to 3.9, P = .001). There was an increase in the dietary intake of alpha-carotene and beta-carotene in the nutrition group and this correlated with the increase in blood concentrations of alpha-carotene and beta-carotene (P < or = .02; r = 0.33 and r = 0.33, respectively). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that it is possible to improve the dietary intake of community dwelling elders to include more fruits, vegetables, and calcium-rich foods. Recommendations for increasing consumption of fruits, vegetables, and calcium-rich foods should be specific and individualized to meet the dietary pattern and lifestyle of the individual. Compliance should be encouraged with record keeping as well as through continuous monitoring and positive reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bernstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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73
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Zhou ZL, Chen J, Soong SB, Young A, Jiang X, Alarcon R, Arenhövel H, Bernstein A, Bertozzi W, Comfort J, Dodson G, Dolfini S, Dooley A, Dow K, Farkhondeh M, Gilad S, Hicks R, Hotta A, Joo K, Kaloskamis NI, Karabarbounis A, Kowalski S, Kunz C, Margaziotis DJ, Mertz C, Miller M, Miskimen R, Miura T, Miyase H, Papanicolas CN, Peterson G, Ramirez A, Rowntree D, Sarty AJ, Shaw J, Suda T, Tamae T, Tieger D, Tjon JA, Tschalaer C, Tsentalovich E, Turchinetz W, Vellidis CE, Warren GA, Weinstein LB, Williamson S, Zhao J, Zwart T. Relativistic effects and two-body currents in (H)((-->)e(')p)n using out-of-plane detection. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:172301. [PMID: 11690266 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.172301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the (2)H((-->)e,e(')p)n reaction were performed with the out-of-plane magnetic spectrometers (OOPS) at the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator. The longitudinal-transverse, f(LT) and f(')(LT), and the transverse-transverse, f(TT), interference responses at a missing momentum of 210 MeV/c were simultaneously extracted in the dip region at Q2 = 0.15 (GeV/c)(2). In comparison to models of deuteron electrodisintegration, the data clearly reveal strong effects of relativity and final-state interactions and the importance of two-body meson-exchange currents and isobar configurations. We demonstrate that such effects can be disentangled by extracting these responses using the novel out-of-plane technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z L Zhou
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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74
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Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Obesity is a complex trait influenced by multiple genes. We evaluated linkage in three regions of human chromosome 10 previously linked to obesity-related phenotypes. METHODS We conducted non-parametric linkage analysis of obesity-related phenotypes in cohorts of 170 European-American and 43 African-American families having extremely obese and normal weight subjects. RESULTS We found support for linkage of an obesity phenotype (BMI > or = 27 kg/m2) in both cohorts, as well as in a combined analysis (European-American cohort, Z = 1.90, p = 0.03; African-American cohort, Z = 2.25, p = 0.014; combined cohort, Z = 2.55, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION These results confirm previous reports of linkage in French and German families. The consistency of results across these four cohorts supports the localization of a quantitative trait locus influencing obesity to human chromosome region 10p12.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Price
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd., CRB-135b, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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75
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Caruana G, Bernstein A. Craniofacial dysmorphogenesis including cleft palate in mice with an insertional mutation in the discs large gene. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:1475-83. [PMID: 11238884 PMCID: PMC86693 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.5.1475-1483.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2000] [Accepted: 11/28/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The discs large (Dlg) protein, or synapse-associated protein 97 (SAP97), is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase family of multidomain scaffolding proteins which recruits transmembrane and signaling molecules to localized plasma membrane sites. Murine dlg is the homologue of the Drosophila dlg tumor suppressor gene. The loss of dlg function in Drosophila disrupts cellular growth control, apicobasal polarity, and cell adhesion of imaginal disc epithelial cells, resulting in embryonic lethality. In this study, we isolated a mutational insertion in the murine dlg locus by gene trapping in totipotent embryonic stem cells. This insertion results in a truncated protein product that contains the N-terminal three PSD-95/DLG/ZO-1 domains of Dlg fused to the LacZ reporter and subsequently lacks the src homology 3 (SH3), protein 4.1 binding, and guanylate kinase (GUK)-like domains. The Dlg-LacZ fusion protein is expressed in epithelial, mesenchymal, neuronal, endothelial, and hematopoietic cells during embryogenesis. Mice homozygous for the dlg mutation exhibit growth retardation in utero, have hypoplasia of the premaxilla and mandible, have a cleft secondary palate, and die perinatally. Consistent with this phenotype, Dlg-LacZ is expressed in mesenchymal and epithelial cells throughout palatal development. Our genetic and phenotypic analysis of dlg mutant mice suggests that protein-protein interactions involving the SH3, protein 4.1 binding, and/or GUK-like domains are essential to the normal function of murine Dlg within craniofacial and palatal morphogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Cleft Palate/genetics
- Colon/embryology
- Craniofacial Abnormalities/genetics
- Cytoskeletal Proteins
- Discs Large Homolog 1 Protein
- Drosophila Proteins
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Epithelium/metabolism
- Genes, Reporter
- Genotype
- Guanylate Kinases
- Homozygote
- Immunohistochemistry
- Insect Proteins/chemistry
- Insect Proteins/genetics
- Lac Operon
- Lung/embryology
- Membrane Proteins/chemistry
- Mesoderm/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Mutation
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology
- Neuropeptides
- Nucleoside-Phosphate Kinase/chemistry
- Palate/embryology
- Phenotype
- Protein Binding
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins
- src Homology Domains
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Affiliation(s)
- G Caruana
- Program in Molecular Biology and Cancer, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5.
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76
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Abstract
The recent completion of the Caenorhabditis elegans genome has revealed that this nematode worm has 10 members of the ETS gene family. Isolation and analysis of C. elegans mutants and subsequent screens to identify interacting genes can proceed very quickly in this model organism. Molecular genetic analysis of the receptor tyrosine kinase-Ras-MAP kinase signaling pathway in C. elegans identified the ETS family transcription factor Lin-1 as a nuclear effector of this evolutionarily conserved signal transduction pathway. Here we review classical genetic approaches used to discover the role of Lin-1 in the Ras-MAP kinase signaling pathway and describe new technologies that can be applied to the analyses of signaling pathways and transcription factor regulatory networks in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Hart
- Program of Molecular Biology and Cancer, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
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77
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Sato N, Urano F, Yoon Leem J, Kim SH, Li M, Donoviel D, Bernstein A, Lee AS, Ron D, Veselits ML, Sisodia SS, Thinakaran G. Upregulation of BiP and CHOP by the unfolded-protein response is independent of presenilin expression. Nat Cell Biol 2000; 2:863-70. [PMID: 11146649 DOI: 10.1038/35046500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Presenilin 1 (PS1), a polytopic membrane protein, has a critical role in the trafficking and proteolysis of a selected set of transmembrane proteins. The vast majority of individuals affected with early onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) carry missense mutations in PS1. Two studies have suggested that loss of PS1 function, or expression of FAD-linked PS1 variants, compromises the mammalian unfolded-protein response (UPR), and we sought to evaluate the potential role of PS1 in the mammalian UPR. Here we show that that neither the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced accumulation of BiP and CHOP messenger RNA, nor the activation of ER stress kinases IRE1alpha and PERK, is compromised in cells lacking both PS1 and PS2 or in cells expressing FAD-linked PS1 variants. We also show that the levels of BiP are not significantly different in the brains of individuals with sporadic Alzheimer's disease or PS1-mediated FAD to levels in control brains. Our findings provide evidence that neither loss of PS1 and PS2 function, nor expression of PS1 variants, has a discernable impact on ER stress-mediated induction of the several established 'readouts' of the UPR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sato
- Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, The University of Chicago, Knapp R212, 924 East 57th street, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
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78
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Abstract
Psychopathic offenders have difficulty processing contextual or secondary cues once they have initiated goal-directed behavior or allocated attention to a primary task. To test the hypothesis that this deficit in response modulation is specific to conditions in which psychopaths' left-hemisphere resources are engaged, we administered a serial recall task to 21 incarcerated psychopaths and 21 control subjects. Subjects were instructed to memorize eight words that were presented one at a time, each in one of the four corners of the visual display. Subjects' primary task was to recall the words in serial order. Then, without forewarning, they were asked to recall the words' locations. As predicted, psychopaths performed as well as control subjects in recalling words from the left and right spatial fields, but recalled significantly fewer locations from the right spatial field. Thus, psychopaths' deficient response modulation was specific to conditions in which their left-hemisphere resources were actively engaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bernstein
- Department of Psychology, 1202 West Johnson St., University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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79
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Birke A, Reichel H, Hein W, Schietsch U, Hube R, Bernstein A, Krüger T. [ROBODOC--a path into the future of hip endoprosthetics or an investment error?]. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb 2000; 138:395-401. [PMID: 11084738 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-10167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
GOAL The Orthopaedic Department of Martin-Luther-University has been using computer-guided, robot-assisted surgery in cementless total hip arthroplasty since June 1997. The goal of the present paper is to critically evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the ROBODOC system when using two different femoral components and the employment of the system in orthopaedics in general. METHOD Between June 1997 and August 1999 87 procedures have been performed using the ROBODOC system. 48 ABG stems and 39 OSTEOLOC stems manufactured by HOWMEDICA were used. The results are based on a prospective study. RESULTS The main advantage of the system is the excellent three-dimensional preoperative planning and the precise execution of the preoperative plan during surgery. Problematic situations of the proximal femur can be evaluated and the optimal position of the femoral component can be guaranteed. Investigations on cadaver femurs showed significant differences in the bone-implant contact. The first results let us expect some advantage in congenital and acquired femoral deformities. CONCLUSION The ROBODOC system has to be critically considered as an alternative to hand implantation. In our opinion, it should be used only under certain circumstances considering the current technical progress. Only in these cases the potential of the system can be used beneficially.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Birke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg.
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80
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Hart A, Melet F, Grossfeld P, Chien K, Jones C, Tunnacliffe A, Favier R, Bernstein A. Fli-1 is required for murine vascular and megakaryocytic development and is hemizygously deleted in patients with thrombocytopenia. Immunity 2000; 13:167-77. [PMID: 10981960 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)00017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ETS gene Fli-1 is involved in the induction of erythroleukemia in mice by Friend murine leukemia virus and Ewings sarcoma in children. Mice with a targeted null mutation in the Fli-1 locus die at day 11.5 of embryogenesis with loss of vascular integrity leading to bleeding within the vascular plexus of the cerebral meninges and specific downregulation of Tek/Tie-2, the receptor for angiopoietin-1. We also show that dysmegakaryopoiesis in Fli-1 null embryos resembles that frequently seen in patients with terminal deletions of 11q (Jacobsen or Paris-Trousseau Syndrome). We map the megakaryocytic defects in 14 Jacobsen patients to a minimal region on 11q that includes the Fli-1 gene and suggest that dysmegakaryopoiesis in these patients may be caused by hemizygous loss of Fli-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hart
- Program in Molecular Biology and Cancer, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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81
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Zhang Z, Nadeau P, Song W, Donoviel D, Yuan M, Bernstein A, Yankner BA. Presenilins are required for gamma-secretase cleavage of beta-APP and transmembrane cleavage of Notch-1. Nat Cell Biol 2000; 2:463-5. [PMID: 10878814 DOI: 10.1038/35017108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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82
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Abstract
The roles in the nervous system of the receptor tyrosine kinase Kit and its ligand, Steel factor, are unclear. We have now found first, that sensory nerve populations are reduced in mutant Kit and Steel mice, implicating Steel-Kit interactions in neuronal development. Second, sensory axonal regeneration (which occurs independently of nerve growth factor, or NGF) is impaired, while collateral sprouting (NGF dependent) is normal. Therefore, there is a selective involvement of Kit signal transduction pathways in nerve growth; supporting this, in wild-type animals Kit was up-regulated in regenerating, but unchanged in sprouting, sensory neurons. The receptor tyrosine kinase Kit thus contrasts with the receptor tyrosine kinase trkA, which is activated by the sprouting stimulus (NGF) but not by the axonal regeneration signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lourenssen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont, Canada
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83
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Dror Y, Leaker M, Caruana G, Bernstein A, Freedman MH. Mastocytosis cells bearing a c-kit activating point mutation are characterized by hypersensitivity to stem cell factor and increased apoptosis. Br J Haematol 2000; 108:729-36. [PMID: 10792276 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.01935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mastocytosis is characterized by abnormal infiltration of mast cells into various organs. An activating mutation in c-kit, involving an A --> T substitution at nucleotide 2648 has recently been described in some patients with mastocytosis. We describe a 12-year-old girl with this mutation in her bone marrow cells at diagnosis with a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) without evidence of mastocytosis, and then in peripheral blood mononuclear cells 1 year later after the emergence of mastocytosis. The role of the c-Kit receptor and its ligand stem cell factor (SCF) in the pathogenesis of the disease was analysed in marrow cell clonogenic assays. We show that the genetic abnormalities in the patient resulted in factor-independent growth and hypersensitivity of primitive progenitors to SCF, with increased production of mast cells. Increased apoptosis and cluster formation, consistent with the myelodysplastic nature of the disorder, accompanied accumulation of abnormal cells with increasing concentrations of SCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dror
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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84
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Mason
- American Journal of Nursing, New York, NY 10014, USA.
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85
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Abstract
Using an expression gene trapping strategy, we have identified and characterized two novel hematopoietic genes, Hzf and Hhl. Embryonic stem (ES) cells containing a gene trap vector insertion were cultured on OP9 stromal cells to induce hematopoietic differentiation and screened for lacZ reporter gene expression. Two ES clones displaying lacZ expression within hematopoietic cells in vitro were used to generate mice containing the gene trap integrations. Paralleling this in vitro expression pattern, both Hzf and Hhl were expressed in a tissue-specific manner during hematopoietic development in vivo. Hzf encodes a novel protein containing three C(2)H(2)-type zinc fingers predominantly expressed in megakaryocytes and CFU-GEMM. Hhl encodes a novel protein containing a putative phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain expressed in megakaryocytes, CFU-GEMM and BFU-E. These results demonstrate the utility of expression trapping to identify novel hematopoietic genes. Future studies of Hzf and Hhl should provide valuable information on the role these genes play during megakaryocytopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hidaka
- Program in Molecular Biology and Cancer, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Canada
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86
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Douglas A, Wilkinson A, Brentnall A, Hunter D, Gordon NSI, German LJ, Sechiari G, Creighton P, MacLean NE, Nicholson DG, Mellor MJ, Pratt P, Rubin A, Sturdy E, Smelt GJC, Early DF, Tucker MGL, Wells M, Verma S, Bernstein A. Anwar Akhtar Brian Douglas Bower Timothy David Brentnall Michael Patrick Gogan Ian James Gordon Joseph Grech Michael Gurnell Green John Bridge Lilly Rukhsana Majeed Douglas Fraser Nicholson Donald Reginald Pratt Trevor Bleddyn Lloyd Roberts Sydney Rosehill Charles Michael Casterton Smelt Kenneth Carl Pfeiffer Smith William Arthur Leigh Tucker Guy Wilson Madhav Wipat Anne Christine Wright. West J Med 1999. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.319.7224.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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87
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Abstract
Genetic studies in worms, flies, and humans have implicated the presenilins in the regulation of the Notch signaling pathway and in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. There are two highly homologous presenilin genes in mammals, presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2). In mice, inactivation of PS1 leads to developmental defects that culminate in a perinatal lethality. To test the possibility that the late lethality of PS1-null mice reflects genetic redundancy of the presenilins, we have generated PS2-null mice by gene targeting, and subsequently, PS1/PS2 double-null mice. Mice homozygous for a targeted null mutation in PS2 exhibit no obvious defects; however, loss of PS2 on a PS1-null background leads to embryonic lethality at embryonic day 9.5. Embryos lacking both presenilins, and surprisingly, those carrying only a single copy of PS2 on a PS1-null background, exhibit multiple early patterning defects, including lack of somite segmentation, disorganization of the trunk ventral neural tube, midbrain mesenchyme cell loss, anterior neuropore closure delays, and abnormal heart and second branchial arch development. In addition, Delta like-1 (Dll1) and Hes-5, two genes that lie downstream in the Notch pathway, were misexpressed in presenilin double-null embryos: Hes-5 expression was undetectable in these mice, whereas Dll1 was expressed ectopically in the neural tube and brain of double-null embryos. We conclude that the presenilins play a widespread role in embryogenesis, that there is a functional redundancy between PS1 and PS2, and that both vertebrate presenilins, like their invertebrate homologs, are essential for Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Donoviel
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G-1X5.
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88
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Abstract
TEK (TIE2) and TIE (TIE1) are structurally related receptor tyrosine kinases expressed in endothelial cells and their precursors. Genetic studies in the mouse have revealed essential functions of both receptors in angiogenic expansion of the vasculature during development. As previously shown, mouse embryos homozygous for a disrupted Tek allele die by day 10.5 of embryogenesis due to endocardial defects, hemorrhaging, and impaired vascular network formation. Furthermore, TIE is required cell autonomously for endothelial cell survival and extension of the vascular network during late embryogenesis. Here we have investigated possible redundancy in the TEK and TIE signalling pathways during vascular development. Vasculogenesis proceeds normally in embryos lacking both TEK and TIE, although such embryos die early in gestation of multiple cardiovascular defects. Mosaic analysis revealed an absolute requirement for TEK in the endocardium at E10.5, whereas TEK and TIE are dispensable for the initial assembly of the rest of the vasculature. In contrast, both receptors are required in the microvasculature during late organogenesis and in essentially all blood vessels of the adult. This analysis demonstrates essential functions for TEK and TIE in maintaining the integrity of the mature vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Puri
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
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89
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Persons DA, Paulson RF, Loyd MR, Herley MT, Bodner SM, Bernstein A, Correll PH, Ney PA. Fv2 encodes a truncated form of the Stk receptor tyrosine kinase. Nat Genet 1999; 23:159-65. [PMID: 10508511 DOI: 10.1038/13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Friend virus susceptibility 2 (Fv2) locus encodes a dominant host factor that confers susceptibility to Friend virus-induced erythroleukaemia in mice. We mapped Fv2 to a 1.0-Mb interval that also contained the gene (Ron) encoding the stem cell kinase receptor (Stk). A truncated form of Stk (Sf-stk), which was the most abundant form of Stk in Fv2-sensitive (Fv2ss) erythroid cells, was not expressed in Fv2 resistant (Fv2rr) cells. Enforced expression of Sf-stk conferred susceptibility to Friend disease, whereas targeted disruption of Ron caused resistance. We conclude that the Fv2 locus encodes Ron, and that a naturally expressed, truncated form of Stk confers susceptibility to Friend virus-induced erythroleukaemia.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Chromosome Mapping
- Cloning, Molecular
- Contig Mapping
- Friend murine leukemia virus
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred AKR
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Inbred NZB
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muridae
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Retroviridae Infections/genetics
- Species Specificity
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/metabolism
- Spleen/pathology
- Tumor Virus Infections/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Persons
- Department of Experimental Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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90
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Hidaka M, Stanford WL, Bernstein A. Conditional requirement for the Flk-1 receptor in the in vitro generation of early hematopoietic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:7370-5. [PMID: 10377421 PMCID: PMC22092 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.13.7370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies in mice have previously demonstrated an intrinsic requirement for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor Flk-1 in the early development of both the hematopoietic and endothelial cell lineages. In this study, embryonic stem (ES) cells homozygous for a targeted null mutation in flk-1 (flk-1 (-/-)) were examined for their hematopoietic potential in vitro during embryoid body (EB) formation or when cultured on the stromal cell line OP9. Surprisingly, in EB cultures flk-1 (-/-) ES cells were able to differentiate into all myeloid-erythroid lineages, albeit at half the frequency of heterozygous lines. In contrast, although flk-1 (-/-) ES cells formed mesodermal-like colonies on OP9 monolayers, they failed to generate hematopoietic clusters even in the presence of exogenous cytokines. However, flk-1 (-/-) OP9 cultures did contain myeloid precursors, albeit at greatly reduced percentages. This defect was rescued by first allowing flk-1 (-/-) ES cells to differentiate into EBs and then passaging these cells onto OP9 stroma. Thus, the requirement for Flk-1 in early hematopoietic development can be abrogated by alterations in the microenvironment. This finding is consistent with a role for Flk-1 in regulating the migration of early mesodermally derived precursors into a microenvironment that is permissive for hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hidaka
- Program in Molecular Biology and Cancer, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
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91
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Donoviel
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G-1X5, Canada.
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92
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Bernstein A, Shafir S. Genes run in the family. Can Fam Physician 1999; 45:13-5, 18-20. [PMID: 10889845 PMCID: PMC2328053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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93
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Stanford WL, Caruana G, Vallis KA, Inamdar M, Hidaka M, Bautch VL, Bernstein A. Expression trapping: identification of novel genes expressed in hematopoietic and endothelial lineages by gene trapping in ES cells. Blood 1998; 92:4622-31. [PMID: 9845528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a large-scale, expression-based gene trap strategy to perform genome-wide functional analysis of the murine hematopoietic and vascular systems. Using two different gene trap vectors, we have isolated embryonic stem (ES) cell clones containing lacZ reporter gene insertions in genes expressed in blood island and vascular cells, muscle, stromal cells, and unknown cell types. Of 79 clones demonstrating specific expression patterns, 49% and 16% were preferentially expressed in blood islands and/or the vasculature, respectively. The majority of ES clones that expressed lacZ in blood islands also expressed lacZ upon differentiation into hematopoietic cells on OP9 stromal layers. Importantly, the in vivo expression of the lacZ fusion products accurately recapitulated the observed in vitro expression patterns. Expression and sequence analysis of representative clones suggest that this approach will be useful for identifying and mutating novel genes expressed in the developing hematopoietic and vascular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Stanford
- Program in Molecular Biology and Cancer, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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94
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Kong YY, Fischer KD, Bachmann MF, Mariathasan S, Kozieradzki I, Nghiem MP, Bouchard D, Bernstein A, Ohashi PS, Penninger JM. Vav regulates peptide-specific apoptosis in thymocytes. J Exp Med 1998; 188:2099-111. [PMID: 9841924 PMCID: PMC2212394 DOI: 10.1084/jem.188.11.2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The protooncogene Vav functions as a GDP/GTP exchange factor (GEF) for Rho-like small GTPases involved in cytoskeletal reorganization and cytokine production in T cells. Gene-targeted mice lacking Vav have a severe defect in positive and negative selection of T cell antigen receptor transgenic thymocytes in vivo, and vav-/- thymocytes are completely resistant to peptide-specific and anti-CD3/anti-CD28-mediated apoptosis. Vav acts upstream of mitochondrial pore opening and caspase activation. Biochemically, Vav regulates peptide-specific Ca2+ mobilization and actin polymerization. Peptide-specific cell death was blocked both by cytochalasin D inhibition of actin polymerization and by inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC). Activation of PKC with phorbol ester restored peptide-specific apoptosis in vav-/- thymocytes. Vav was found to bind constitutively to PKC-theta in thymocytes. Our results indicate that peptide-triggered thymocyte apoptosis is mediated via Vav activation, changes in the actin cytoskeleton, and subsequent activation of a PKC isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Kong
- Amgen Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C1
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95
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Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway regulates specification and proliferation in a variety of cell lineages in invertebrates and vertebrates. We have cloned a murine homolog of SEL-1, a key negative regulator of the Notch pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. Murine SEL-1L (mSEL-1L) protein exhibits a high degree of similarity to SEL-1, including a signal peptide and the C-terminal region required for SEL-1 function in C. elegans. This mammalian homolog of sel-1 is widely expressed in adult mouse and human tissues, with particularly high levels in the pancreas. RNA in situ analysis of developing mouse embryos indicates that mSEL-1L is moderately expressed throughout the neural tube and dorsal root ganglia, with particularly high levels in the floor plate of the neural tube beginning at E10.5 and increasing at E11.5. Expression is high at E14.5 and E17.5 in the acini of the pancreas, and moderate in the epithelial cells of the gut villi. We localized the SEL-1L protein to the cytosol, possibly in intracellular vesicles, in a beta-islet-derived tumor cell line (RinM).
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Donoviel
- Program in Molecular Biology and Cancer, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.
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96
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Petitti DB, Sidney S, Quesenberry C, Bernstein A. Stroke and cocaine or amphetamine use. Epidemiology 1998; 9:596-600. [PMID: 9799166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The association of cocaine and amphetamine use with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke is based almost solely on data from case series. The limited number of epidemiologic studies of stroke and use of cocaine and/or amphetamine have been done in settings that serve mostly the poor and/or minorities. This case-control study was conducted in the defined population comprising members of Kaiser Permanente of Northern and Southern California. We attempted to identify all incident strokes in women ages 15-44 years during a 3-year period using hospital admission and discharge records, emergency department logs, and payment requests for out-of-plan hospitalizations. We selected controls, matched on age and facility of usual care, at random from healthy members of the health plan. We obtained information in face-to-face interviews. There were 347 confirmed stroke cases and 1,021 controls. The univariate matched odds ratio for stroke in women who admitted to using cocaine and/or amphetamine was 8.5 (95% confidence interval = 3.6-20.0). After further adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratio in women who reported using cocaine and/or amphetamine was 7.0 (95% confidence interval = 2.8-17.9). The use of cocaine and/or amphetamine is a strong risk factor for stroke in this socioeconomically heterogeneous, insured urban population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Petitti
- Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Southern California, USA
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97
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Abstract
Mice homozygous for the autosomal recessive mutation Wasted (wst/wst) display a disease characterized by immunodeficiency, cerebellar dysfunction, and sensitivity of their hematopoeitic cells to gamma radiation. Wasted mice die by 30 days of age. In this report, we show that the Wasted thymus shows evidence of dramatically increased apoptosis in situ. Moreover, wst/wst thymocytes are more sensitive to apoptosis induced by gamma radiation, heat shock, alpha-CD3 stimulation, and dexamethasone treatment in vitro. Thus, wst gene is a regulator of thymocyte apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. The elevated levels of thymocyte apoptosis may be a major contributor to the lymphoid dysfunction and ultimate death in wst/wst mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Potter
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 700 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1A8, Canada
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98
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Abstract
In a retinoic acid (RA) gene trap screen of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, a novel gene, named Aquarius (Aqr), was identified and characterized. The promoterless lacZ marker was used to trap the genomic locus and to determine the expression pattern of the gene. Aqr transcripts are strongly induced in response to RA in vitro. During embryogenesis, Aqr is expressed in mesoderm, in the neural crest and its target tissues, and in neuroepithelium. Expression was first detected at 8.5 days postcoitum, when neural crest cells are visible at the lateral ridges of the neural plate. The gene-trapped Aqr locus was transmitted through the mouse germ line in three genetic backgrounds. In the F2 generation, the expected mendelian ratio of 1:2:1 was observed in all backgrounds, indicating that homozygous mice are viable. Homozygotes are normal in size and weight and breed normally. The gene trap insertion, however, does not seem to generate a null mutation, because Aqr transcripts are still present in the homozygous mutant animals. The Aqr open reading frame has weak homology to RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RRPs) of the murine hepatitis viruses and contains an RRP motif. Aqr was mapped to mouse chromosome 2 between regions E5 through F2 by using fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sam
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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99
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Fischer KD, Kong YY, Nishina H, Tedford K, Marengère LE, Kozieradzki I, Sasaki T, Starr M, Chan G, Gardener S, Nghiem MP, Bouchard D, Barbacid M, Bernstein A, Penninger JM. Vav is a regulator of cytoskeletal reorganization mediated by the T-cell receptor. Curr Biol 1998; 8:554-62. [PMID: 9601639 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(98)70224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vav is a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor for the Rho-like small GTPases RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42, which regulate cytoskeletal reorganization and activation of stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK/JNKs). Vav is expressed in hematopoietic cells and is phosphorylated in T and B cells following activation of various growth factor or antigen receptors. Vav interacts with several signaling molecules in T cells, but the functional relevance of these interactions is established only for Slp76: they cooperate to induce activity of the transcription factor NF-AT and interleukin-2 expression. We have investigated the role of Vav in T cells by generating vav-/- mice. RESULTS Mice deficient for vav were viable and healthy, but had impaired T-cell development. In vav-/- T cells, in response to activation of the T-cell receptor (TCR), cell cycle progression, induction of NF-ATc1 activity, downregulation of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27Kip1, interleukin-2 production, actin polymerization and the clustering of TCRs into patches and caps--a cytoskeletal reorganization process--were defective. TCR-mediated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and SAPK/JNK was unaffected. Ca2+ mobilization was impaired in vav-/- thymocytes and T cells. In wild-type cells, Vav constitutively associated with the cytoskeletal membrane anchors talin and vinculin. In the absence of Vav, phosphorylation of Slp76, Slp76-talin interactions, and recruitment of the actin cytoskeleton to the CD3 zeta chain of the TCR co-receptor were impaired. CONCLUSIONS Vav is a crucial regulator of TCR-mediated Ca2+ flux, cytoskeletal reorganization and TCR clustering, and these are required for T-cell maturation, interleukin-2 production and cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Fischer
- Institut für Medizinische Strahlenkunde und Zellforschung (MSZ), University of Wuerzburg, Germany.
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100
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Paulson
- Program in Molecular Biology and Cancer, The Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Room 983, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
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