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Gupta DN, Dalal V, Savita BK, Dhankhar P, Ghosh DK, Kumar P, Sharma AK. In-silico screening and identification of potential inhibitors against 2Cys peroxiredoxin of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8725-8739. [PMID: 33939584 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1916597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a worldwide citrus plant disease-related to non-culturable and fastidious α-proteobacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). In CLas, Peroxiredoxin (Prx) plays a major role in the reduction of the level of reactive species such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), free radicals and peroxides, etc. Here, we have used structure-based drug designing approach was used to screen and identify the potent molecules against 2Cys Prx. The virtual screening of fragments library was performed against the three-dimensional validated model of Prx. To evaluate the binding affinity, the top four molecules (N-Boc-2-amino isobutyric acid (B2AI), BOC-L-Valine (BLV), 1-(boc-amino) cyclobutane carboxylic acid (1BAC), and N-Benzoyl-DL-alanine (BDLA)) were docked at the active site of Prx. The molecular docking results revealed that all the identified molecules had a higher binding affinity than Tert butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), a substrate of Prx. Molecular dynamics analysis such as RMSD, Rg, SASA, hydrogen bonds, and PCA results indicated that Prx-inhibitor(s) complexes had lesser fluctuations and were more stable and compact than Prx-TBHP complex. MMPBSA results confirmed that the identified compounds could bind at the active site of Prx to form a lower energy Prx-inhibitor(s) complex than Prx-TBHP complex. The identified potent molecules may pave the path for the development of antimicrobial agents against CLA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Nath Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Vikram Dalal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Brajesh Kumar Savita
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Poonam Dhankhar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Ghosh
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Nagpur, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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Kokane AD, Kokane SB, Warghane AJ, Gubyad MG, Sharma AK, Reddy MK, Ghosh DK. A Rapid and Sensitive Reverse Transcription-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) Assay for the Detection of Indian Citrus Ringspot Virus. Plant Dis 2021; 105:1346-1355. [PMID: 32990524 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1349-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Indian citrus ringspot virus (ICRSV) is a devastating pathogen that has a particularly deleterious effect on the 'Kinnow mandarin', a commercial citrus crop cultivated in the northwest of India. ICRSV belongs to the Mandarivirus genus within the family of Alphaflexiviridae and has a positive sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) genome consisting of six open reading frames (ORFs). Severe cases of ICRSV result in a significant reduction in both the yield and quality of crops. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop methods to detect ICRSV in an accurate and timely manner. Current methods involve a two-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that is time consuming. Here, we describe a novel, one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method for the sensitive and rapid detection of ICRSV. To standardize the RT-LAMP assay, four different primers were designed and tested to target the coat protein gene of ICRSV. Amplification results were visualized by a color change after addition of SYBR Green I. The standardized RT-LAMP assay was highly specific and successfully detected all 35 ICRSV isolates tested from the Punjab and Haryana states of India. Furthermore, there was no cross-reaction with 17 isolates of five other citrus pathogens that are common in India. The ICRSV RT-LAMP assay developed in the present study is a simple, rapid, sensitive, specific technique. Moreover, the assay consists of only a single step and is more cost effective than existing methods. This is the first application of RT-LAMP for the detection of ICRSV. Our RT-LAMP assay is a powerful tool for the detection of ICRSV and will be particularly useful for large-scale indexing of field samples in diagnostic laboratories, in nurseries, and for quarantine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol D Kokane
- Plant Virology Lab, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil B Kokane
- Plant Virology Lab, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish J Warghane
- Plant Virology Lab, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mrugendra G Gubyad
- Plant Virology Lab, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247 667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - M Krishna Reddy
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore-560 089, Karnataka, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Ghosh
- Plant Virology Lab, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India
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Ghosh DK, Kokane AD, Kokane SB, Tenzin J, Gubyad MG, Wangdi P, Murkute AA, Sharma AK, Gowda S. Detection and Molecular Characterization of 'C andidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' and Citrus Tristeza Virus Associated with Citrus Decline in Bhutan. Phytopathology 2021; 111:870-881. [PMID: 33090079 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-20-0266-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Citrus, mainly mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco), is an economically important fruit crop in Bhutan. Despite having favorable agroclimatic conditions for citrus cultivation, the early decline of fruit-bearing orchards coupled with low crop productivity is a major concern among citrus growers. During a recent survey, an association of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (citrus greening) and citrus tristeza virus (CTV), either singly or as mixed infections in declined citrus trees, was recorded in all four major citrus-growing districts (Tsirang, Dagana, Zhemgang, and Sarpang). Using PCR-based diagnosis, a higher incidence of citrus greening (27.45%) and tristeza (70.58%) was observed in symptomatic field samples. Detection and characterization of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' was performed based on the 16S ribosomal DNA, prophage gene, 50S ribosomal rplA-rplJ gene, and tandem repeats of the CLIBASIA_01645 locus. Similarly, the coat protein, p23, and p18 genes were used as genetic markers for the detection and characterization of Bhutanese CTV. The 'Ca. L. asiaticus' isolates from Bhutan segregated into classes II and III based on the CLIBASIA_01645 locus, analogous to Indian isolates from the northeast region and Term-A based on the CLIBASIA_05610 locus. CTV isolates of Bhutan were observed as closely related to the VT strain, which is considered to be the most devastating. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on molecular characterization of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' and CTV isolates and their association with citrus decline in Bhutan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar Ghosh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol D Kokane
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil B Kokane
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jigme Tenzin
- National Citrus Program, Department of Agriculture, Royal Government of Bhutan, Thimphu 11001, Bhutan
| | - Mrugendra G Gubyad
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Phuntsho Wangdi
- National Citrus Repository, Department of Agriculture, Royal Government of Bhutan, Tsirang, Bhutan
| | - Ashutosh A Murkute
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee - 247 667, India
| | - Siddarame Gowda
- University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Centre, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, U.S.A
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Saini G, Dalal V, Gupta DN, Sharma N, Kumar P, Sharma AK. A molecular docking and dynamic approach to screen inhibitors against ZnuA1 of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Molecular Simulation 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2021.1888948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Vikram Dalal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Deena Nath Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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Sharma AK, Kaur J, Kaur T, Singh B, Yadav HN, Pathak D, Singh AP. Ameliorative role of bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, against sodium arsenite-induced renal dysfunction in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:7180-7190. [PMID: 33026618 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure is well documented to cause serious health hazards, such as cardiovascular abnormalities, neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. In the present study, we intended to explore the role of bosentan, an endothelial receptor antagonist, against sodium arsenite-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats. Sodium arsenite (5 mg/kg, oral) was administered for 4 weeks to induce renal dysfunction in rats. Sodium arsenite intoxicated rats were treated with bosentan (50 and 100 mg/kg, oral) for 4 weeks. Arsenic led renal damage was demonstrated by significant increase in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, potassium, fractional excretion of sodium, microproteinuria and decreased creatinine clearance in rats. Sodium arsenite resulted in marked oxidative stress in rat kidneys as indicated by profound increase in lipid peroxides, and superoxide anion generation alongwith decrease in reduced glutathione levels. Hydroxyproline assay highlighted arsenic-induced renal fibrosis in rats. Hematoxylin-eosin staining indicated glomerular and tubular changes in rat kidneys. Picrosirius red staining highlighted collagen deposition in renal tissues of arsenic treated rats. Immunohistological results demonstrated the reduction of renal eNOS expression in arsenic treated rats. Notably, treatment with bosentan attenuated arsenic-induced renal damage and resisted arsenic-led reduction in renal eNOS expression. In addition, sodium arsenite-induced alteration in hepatic parameters (serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin), oxidative stress and histological changes were abrogated by bosentan treatment in rats. Hence, we conclude that bosentan treatment attenuated sodium arsenite-induced oxidative stress, fibrosis and reduction in renal eNOS expression in rat kidneys. Moreover, bosentan abrogated arsenic led hepatic changes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Japneet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Tajpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, India
| | - Balbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | | | - Devendra Pathak
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Amrit Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
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Sharma AK. Dual trace inter-pulse interferometer for measurement of phase stability of ultra short laser pulse train. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:023001. [PMID: 33648139 DOI: 10.1063/5.0033327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A dual trace intra-pulse and inter-pulse spatio-spectral interferometer has been set up to study the temporal stability of a ∼200 fs duration laser pulse train from a cw mode-locked laser oscillator. Simultaneous recording of twin interferograms helps identify the phase error in inter-pulse interferograms due to the diagnostic setup kept in a standard laboratory environment. Applicability of inter-pulse tilted pulse-front interferograms has been demonstrated to constitute an alternative inexpensive method for visual detection and estimation of phase slippage and pulse repetition frequency of an ultra short pulse train. The effect of pump beam intensity on the repetition rate of pulses due to accumulated intra-cavity non-linear phase shifts is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Sharma
- Laser Technology Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
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Sah S, Sharma AK, Singla SK, Singh MK, Chauhan MS, Manik RS, Palta P. Effects of treatment with a microRNA mimic or inhibitor on the developmental competence, quality, epigenetic status and gene expression of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:508-521. [PMID: 31959280 DOI: 10.1071/rd19084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression levels of 13 microRNAs (miRNAs) were compared between buffalo blastocysts produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer through hand-made cloning and IVF to improve cloning efficiency. Expression of miR-22, miR-145, miR-374a and miR-30c was higher, whereas that of miR-29b, miR-101, miR-302b, miR-34a, miR-21 and miR-25 was lower, in nuclear transferred (NT) than IVF embryos; the expression of miR-200b, miR-26a and miR-128 was similar between the two groups. Based on these, miR-145, which is involved in the regulation of pluripotency, was selected for further investigation of NT embryos. miR-145 expression was lowest at the 2-cell stage, increased through the 4-cell stage and was highest at the 8-cell or morula stage in a pattern that was similar between NT and IVF embryos. miR-145 expression was higher in NT than IVF embryos at all stages examined. Treatment of reconstructed embryos 1h after electrofusion with an inhibitor of miR-145 for 1h decreased the apoptotic index and increased the blastocyst rate, total cell number, ratio of cells in the inner cell mass to trophectoderm, global levels of acetylation of histone 3 at lysine 18 and expression of Krueppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) and SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2) in blastocysts. Treatment with an miR-145 mimic had the opposite effects. In conclusion, treatment of NT embryos with an miR-145 inhibitor improves the developmental competence and quality, and increases histone acetylation and expression of pluripotency-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sah
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, GT Road, Karnal, Haryana, 132001 India
| | - A K Sharma
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, GT Road, Karnal, Haryana, 132001 India
| | - S K Singla
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, GT Road, Karnal, Haryana, 132001 India
| | - M K Singh
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, GT Road, Karnal, Haryana, 132001 India
| | - M S Chauhan
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, GT Road, Karnal, Haryana, 132001 India
| | - R S Manik
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, GT Road, Karnal, Haryana, 132001 India
| | - P Palta
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, GT Road, Karnal, Haryana, 132001 India; and Corresponding author.
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Deka SR, Sharma AK, Kumar P. Synthesis and evaluation of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based stimuli-responsive biodegradable carrier with enhanced loading capacity and controlled release properties. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kumar D, Gautam YP, Sharma AK, Kumar V, Tripathi AR, Kumar S, Kumar J, Saradhi IV, Kumar AV. Distribution of natural and artificial radioactivity concentration in soils of two districts (Ballia and Deoria) of Uttar Pradesh, India. Radiat Prot Environ 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/rpe.rpe_23_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kaur J, Kaur T, Sharma AK, Kaur J, Yadav HN, Pathak D, Singh AP. Fenofibrate attenuates ischemia reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury and associated liver dysfunction in rats. Drug Dev Res 2020; 82:412-421. [PMID: 33226649 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is one of the common reasons for acute kidney injury (AKI) and we need to develop effective therapies for treating AKI. We investigated the role of fenofibrate against I/R-induced AKI and associated hepatic dysfunction in rats. In male wistar albino rats, renal pedicle occlusion for 40 min and 24 h reperfusion resulted in AKI. I/R-induced AKI was demonstrated by measuring serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, urea, uric acid, potassium, fractional excretion of sodium and urinary microproteins. Oxidative stress in rat kidneys was quantified by assaying superoxide anion generation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and reduced glutathione levels. AKI-induced hepatic damage was quantified by assaying serum aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels. Moreover, serum cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and triglycerides were quantified. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of renal and hepatic tissues was done and the kidney and liver injury scores were determined. Immunohistology of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was done in rat kidneys. Fenofibrate was administered for 1 week before subjecting rats to AKI. In separate group, the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was administered prior to fenofibrate treatment. In I/R group, significant alteration in the serum/urine parameters indicated AKI and hepatic dysfunction along with marked increase in kidney and liver injury scores. Treatment with fenofibrate attenuated AKI and associated hepatic dysfunction. Moreover, I/R-induced decrease in renal eNOS expression was abrogated by fenofibrate. Pre-treatment with L-NAME abolished fenofibrate mediated reno- and hepato-protective effects. In conclusion, fenofibrate attenuates I/R-induced AKI and associated hepatic dysfunction putatively through modulation of eNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jashanpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Tajpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar (INDIA), India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Japneet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Harlokesh Narayan Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | | | - Amrit Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Baah NO, Sharma AK. Pneumothorax. J Emerg Nurs 2020; 46:895. [PMID: 33162023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dhankhar P, Dalal V, Mahto JK, Gurjar BR, Tomar S, Sharma AK, Kumar P. Characterization of dye-decolorizing peroxidase from Bacillus subtilis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 693:108590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which originated in the capital city of the Hubei Province, Wuhan, China, in late 2019. Declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11th, 2020, COVID-19 has challenged healthcare systems to limit the spread of community and hospital-acquired disease. This article uses a patient case to highlight the importance of infection control during the height of the SARS-CoV-2 surge at a Level I affiliated community hospital in Western New York.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Elliott
- Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Nana Ohene Baah
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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V R, Kumar N, Saxena S, Shrivastava S, Sharma AK, Kutty M, Singh K, Maiti SK, Mondal DB, Singh KP. Mesenchymal stem cell tailored bioengineered scaffolds derived from bubaline diaphragm and aortic matrices for reconstruction of abdominal wall defects. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1763-1778. [PMID: 32931632 DOI: 10.1002/term.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineered scaffolds derived from the decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) obtained from discarded animal organs and tissues are attractive candidates for regenerative medicine applications. Tailoring these scaffolds with stem cells enhances their regeneration potential making them a suitable platform for regenerating damaged tissues. Thus, the study was designed to investigate the potential of mesenchymal stem cells tailored acellular bubaline diaphragm and aortic ECM for the repair of full-thickness abdominal wall defects in a rabbit model. Tissues obtained from bubaline diaphragm and aorta were decellularized and bioengineered by seeding with rabbit bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (r-BMSC). Full-thickness abdominal wall defects of 3 cm × 4 cm size were created in a rabbit model and repaired using five different prostheses, namely, polypropylene sheet, nonseeded diaphragm ECM, nonseeded aorta ECM, r-BMSC bioengineered diaphragm ECM, and r-BMSC bioengineered aorta ECM. Results from the study revealed that biological scaffolds are superior in comparison to synthetic polymer mesh for regeneration in terms of collagen deposition, maturation, neovascularization, and lack of any significant (P > 0.05) adhesions with the abdominal viscera. Seeding with r-BMSC significantly increased (P < 0.05) the collagen deposition and biomechanical strength of the scaffolds. The bioengineered r-BMSC seeded acellular bubaline diaphragm showed even superior biomechanical strength as compared to synthetic polymer mesh. Tailoring of the scaffolds with the r-BMSC also resulted in significant reduction (P < 0.01) in antibody and cell mediated immune reactions to the xenogeneic scaffolds in rabbit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya V
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonal Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sameer Shrivastava
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muhammed Kutty
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kiranjeet Singh
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S K Maiti
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D B Mondal
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K P Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kokane SB, Kokane AD, Misra P, Warghane AJ, Kumar P, Gubyad MG, Sharma AK, Biswas KK, Ghosh DK. In-silico characterization and RNA-binding protein based polyclonal antibodies production for detection of citrus tristeza virus. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 54:101654. [PMID: 32866661 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is the etiologic agent of the destructive Tristeza disease, a massive impediment for the healthy citrus industry worldwide. Routine indexing of CTV is an essential component for disease surveys and citrus budwood certification for production of disease-free planting material. Therefore, the present study was carried out to develop an efficient serological assay for CTV detection based on the RNA binding protein (CTV-p23), which is translated from a subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) that accumulates at higher levels in CTV-infected plants. CTV-p23 gene was amplified, cloned and polyclonal antibodies were raised against recombinant CTV-p23 protein. The efficacy of the produced polyclonal antibodies was tested by Western blots and ELISA to develop a quick, sensitive and economically affordable CTV detection tool and was used for indexing of large number of plant samples. The evaluation results indicated that the developed CTV-p23 antibodies had an excellent diagnostic agreement with RT-PCR and would be effective for the detection of CTV in field samples. Furthermore, CTV-p23 gene specific primers designed in the present study were found 1000 times more sensitive than the reported coat protein (CTV-p25) gene specific primers for routine CTV diagnosis. In silico characterizations of CTV-p23 protein revealed the presence of key conserved amino acid residues that involved in the regulation of protein stability, suppressor activity and protein expression levels. This would provide precious ground information towards understanding the viral pathogenecity and protein level accumulation for early diagnosis of virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil B Kokane
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; Department of Molecular & Cellular Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amol D Kokane
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pragati Misra
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish J Warghane
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; Faculty of Life Sciences, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pranav Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mrugendra G Gubyad
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kajal Kumar Biswas
- Plant Pathology Division, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Ghosh
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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Chauhan RP, Kumari A, Nehra AK, Ram H, Garg R, Banerjee PS, Karikalan M, Sharma AK. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Sarcocystis suihominis infecting domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) in India. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:3347-3357. [PMID: 32833051 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A total of 57 tissue samples of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) were collected from the meat outlets of five north Indian states and examined for sarcocystosis by histological and molecular methods. The genomic DNA extracted from five representative positive isolates was subjected to PCR amplification of the partial 18S rRNA gene followed by cloning and sequencing. Sequence analysis of the newly generated Indian isolates recorded 96.9-100.0% identity with published sequences of Sarcocystis suihominis. Two new haplotypes that have not been previously described manifested 99.5-100.0% nucleotide homology within themselves. In the phylogenetic analysis, Indian isolates of S. suihominis grouped together with S. suihominis originating from Italy, and they collectively formed a sister clade with Sarcocystis miescheriana within a clade containing various Sarcocystis spp. of ruminants having felids as final hosts. At the same time, this clade separated from a sister clade containing Sarcocystis spp. of bovid or cervid ruminants using canids as known or surmised definitive host. The current study established the phylogenetic relationship of Indian isolates of S. suihominis with various Sarcocystis spp. as well as with other taxa of Sarcocystidae family based on 18S rRNA gene for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Pratap Chauhan
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - Ansu Kumari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Anil Kumar Nehra
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Hira Ram
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India.
| | - Rajat Garg
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - P S Banerjee
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - M Karikalan
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation, Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation, Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
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Sharma AK, Thulasi Doss GP, Panneerselvam E, Ganesh SK, Krishna Kumar Raja VB. Use of knotless barbed sutures for closure of intraoral incisions for maxillofacial trauma: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 59:e72-e78. [PMID: 33384176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of knotless barbed sutures in intraoral wound closure for maxillofacial trauma in comparison with conventional (vicryl) sutures. This was a randomised controlled clinical trial involving 40 patients with isolated mandibular angle fractures who required intraoral incisions for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The sample was randomised into the study group (20 patients) and control group (20 patients). Following fracture fixation by a standardised surgical protocol, the wound closure was done with bidirectional knotless barbed suture and vicryl for the study and control groups, respectively. The wounds were closed in layers (periosteum and mucosa). All operations were performed by a single surgeon. Outcome parameters measured were intraoperative wound closure time and wound healing using 'Landry's wound healing index' on the first, third, and seventh postoperative days. Statistically significant difference in suturing time was noted between the study and control group (p value <0.001). The study group demonstrated a mean (SD) suturing time of 9.46 (2.01) minutes, compared with the 17.61 (2.57) minutes in the control group. Wound healing was found to be better and statistically significant in the study group than the control group (p value<0.001). Knotless barbed suture is a promising alternative to vicryl for intraoral wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Sharma
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Chennai
| | - G P Thulasi Doss
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Chennai
| | - E Panneerselvam
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Chennai
| | - S K Ganesh
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Chennai.
| | - V B Krishna Kumar Raja
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Chennai
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Dravid A, Betha TP, Sharma AK, Gawali R, Mahajan U, Kulkarni M, Saraf C, Kore S, Dravid M, Rathod N. Efficacy and safety of a single-tablet regimen containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg, lamivudine 300 mg and efavirenz 400 mg as a switch strategy in virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected subjects on nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-containing first-line antiretroviral therapy in Pune, India. HIV Med 2020; 21:578-587. [PMID: 33021066 PMCID: PMC7539943 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As per National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) estimates, there are 2.1 million people living with HIV (PWH) in India, of whom 1.2 million are on first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study explored the use of a single-tablet regimen containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg + lamivudine 300 mg + efavirenz 400 mg (TLE400 STR) as a first-line switch strategy in PWH in Pune, India. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted in private sector ART clinics in three tertiary-level hospitals in Pune, India. PWH > 12 years of age (n = 502) who initiated first-line ART (predominantly TLE600 STR), completed ≥ 6 months of follow-up and achieved virological suppression [plasma viral load (VL) < 1000 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL] were identified and switched to TLE400 STR. The virological and immunological efficacy of TLE400 STR at 6 and 12 months of follow-up were noted. Grade 3/4 adverse events (especially efavirenz-related neuropsychiatric adverse events) leading to regimen discontinuation were also noted. RESULTS Of 502 PWH who switched to TLE400 STR, complete virological suppression (VL < 20 copies/mL) was maintained in more than 97% of patients at follow-up. TLE400 STR was successful in maintaining CD4 counts within the range observed at the start of the regimen. Grade 3/4 adverse events leading to TLE400 STR discontinuation were seen in 11 (2.2%) patients. Virological failure (VL > 1000 copies/mL) and treatment regimen failure were seen in six (1.2%) and 49 (9.8%) subjects, respectively. CONCLUSIONS TLE400 STR exhibits excellent efficacy and safety as a switch strategy and should be introduced in the Indian National ART Program, especially for PWH who are virologically suppressed on TLE600 STR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dravid
- Department of Medicine, Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Medicine, Poona Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Medicine, Noble Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - T P Betha
- Department of Medicine, Poona Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Poona Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - R Gawali
- Department of Medicine, Poona Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - U Mahajan
- Department of Biostatistics, VMK Diagnostics Private Limited, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - C Saraf
- Department of Pathology, VMK Diagnostics Private Limited, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Kore
- Department of Dermatology, Ashwini Sahakari Rugnalaya and Research Centre, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Dravid
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Rathod
- Department of Medicine, Apex Hospital, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
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Rakesh CR, Sharma AK, Pathak N, Gahlot GPS. Primary malignant melanoma of the gastroesophageal junction: A rare and unusual disease. Med J Armed Forces India 2020; 77:367-370. [PMID: 34305293 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma, an aggressive tumor of skin, is also seen rarely in extra cutaneous sites like the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Primary melanoma of the GIT by itself is a rare tumor; often metastatic at presentation and if found non-metastatic, it is rarely resectable. We are reporting a histopathologically confirmed case of primary malignant melanoma affecting the 'gastroesophageal junction', which we operated on.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Rakesh
- Classified Specialist (Surgery & GI Surgeon), Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Senior Advisor (Surgery & GI Surgeon), Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
| | - Nishant Pathak
- Classified Specialist (Surgery & GI Surgeon), Military Hospital Jaipur, India
| | - G P S Gahlot
- Classified Specialist (Pathology & Oncopath), Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
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Choudhary R, Sharma AK. Potential use of hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin and azithromycin drugs in fighting COVID-19: trends, scope and relevance. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 35:100684. [PMID: 32322397 PMCID: PMC7175902 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alarming situation has been caused due to the emergence of COVID-19 infection around the world. There is an urgency of developing a therapeutic strategy in order to control the spread of COVID-19. Towards that initiative, potential drugs like hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin and azithromycin have been tested by diverse group of researchers worldwide for their potential against novel coronavirus. The present report presents together the comprehensive knowledge derived from the major researches about the above drugs altogether in context of the current health emergency around the world. Hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin were known to act by creating the acidic environment and inhibiting the importin (IMPα/β1) mediated viral import. Azithromycin was found to act similar to the hydroxychloroquine as an acidotropic lipophilic weak base. All the three categories of drugs seemed to potentially act against novel coronavirus infection. However, their efficacies need to be studied in detail individually and in combination in-vivo in order to combat COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Choudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana Ambala Haryana, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana Ambala Haryana, India
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Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most frequent zoonotic infections. Cardiac involvement is rare and when involved, affects aortic valve the most. The appearance of a new murmur on clinical examination during sepsis should suspect seeding on valves. Our patient had pulmonary valve endocarditis secondary to brucellosis which was managed with pharmacotherapy as there was no valvular pathology. Triple therapy is standard of care and usually given for months, non-response to pharmacological treatment warrants surgical intervention. Our patient completed the triple-drug regimen at 3 months and is asymptomatic at present.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohan Kumar H
- Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Cardiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajesh Vijayvergiya
- Cardiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Kumar P, Dalal V, Kokane A, Singh S, Lonare S, Kaur H, Ghosh DK, Kumar P, Sharma AK. Mutation studies and structure-based identification of potential inhibitor molecules against periplasmic amino acid binding protein of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLasTcyA). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:1228-1238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Self-assembly is the process of association of individual units of a material into highly arranged/ordered structures/patterns. It imparts unique properties to both inorganic and organic structures, so generated, via non-covalent interactions. Currently, self-assembled nanomaterials are finding a wide variety of applications in the area of nanotechnology, imaging techniques, biosensors, biomedical sciences, etc., due to its simplicity, spontaneity, scalability, versatility, and inexpensiveness. Self-assembly of amphiphiles into nanostructures (micelles, vesicles, and hydrogels) happens due to various physical interactions. Recent advancements in the area of drug delivery have opened up newer avenues to develop novel drug delivery systems (DDSs) and self-assembled nanostructures have shown their tremendous potential to be used as facile and efficient materials for this purpose. The main objective of the projected review is to provide readers a concise and straightforward knowledge of basic concepts of supramolecular self-assembly process and how these highly functionalized and efficient nanomaterials can be useful in biomedical applications. Approaches for the self-assembly have been discussed for the fabrication of nanostructures. Advantages and limitations of these systems along with the parameters that are to be taken into consideration while designing a therapeutic delivery vehicle have also been outlined. In this review, various macro- and small-molecule-based systems have been elaborated. Besides, a section on DNA nanostructures as intelligent materials for future applications is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
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Stewart K, Sharma AK. The utilization of CTA in management of gastrointestinal bleeding in a tertiary care center ED. Are we using it enough? Am J Emerg Med 2020; 39:60-64. [PMID: 31987743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common patient presentation to the Emergency Department (ED) and the source can be difficult to diagnose. PROCEDURE Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is a new but validated modality with high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis and treatment of GI bleeds, especially in differentiating arterial from venous bleeding. With high reported validity of CTA, some studies have suggested its ability to better triage patients in the ED and impact ED workflow and resource utilization. We evaluated the use of CTA use an academic tertiary care center ED for GI bleeding. FINDINGS Retrospective chart review of 1493 patient (2012-2015), one - way ANOVA, and one-tail t-test, found CTA is used significantly less (0.7%) compared to classical endoscopy (75.7%, p < .001), video capsule endoscopy (VCE)(4.8%, p < .001), tagged red blood cell scintigraphy(4.4%, p < .001), and traditional catheter-directed angiography(2.88%, p < .001). In our subset of 11 CTA cases, we found mean time (in hours) to CTA was faster than mean time to endoscopy, 31:47 [95% CI: -7:50-71:24] and 42:44 [95% CI: 18:27-67:01] respectively. The difference in means between time to CTA and time to endoscopy did not achieve statistical significance, 12:57 h [95% CI -18:51-44:45; p = .40]. CONCLUSION We concluded that in light of its validation against these other diagnostic modalities, CTA may be underutilized in the care of patients with GI bleeding and should be studied further to study its impact on early risk stratification, treatment, and resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Stewart
- Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Kumar P, Dalal V, Sharma N, Kokane S, Ghosh DK, Kumar P, Sharma AK. Characterization of the heavy metal binding properties of periplasmic metal uptake protein CLas-ZnuA2. Metallomics 2020; 12:280-289. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00200f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), a phloem-limited unculturable Gram-negative bacterium, causes citrus greening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247 667
- India
| | - Vikram Dalal
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247 667
- India
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247 667
- India
| | - Sunil Kokane
- Plant Virology Laboratory
- ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute
- Nagpur-440 010
- India
| | - Dilip Kumar Ghosh
- Plant Virology Laboratory
- ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute
- Nagpur-440 010
- India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247 667
- India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247 667
- India
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Moe HW, Sharma S, Sharma AK. An evaluation of medication appropriateness in pregnant women with coexisting illness in a tertiary care hospital. Perspect Clin Res 2019; 12:21-26. [PMID: 33816205 PMCID: PMC8011518 DOI: 10.4103/picr.picr_22_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Prescribing drugs during pregnancy needs careful consideration of benefit to the mother and risk to the fetus. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the appropriateness of medications among pregnant women with coexisting illness in a tertiary care hospital, Western India. Materials and Methods: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in the obstetrics and gynecology department of a tertiary care hospital. The study was conducted over a period of 12 months wherein data from 800 pregnant women suffering from any co-existing illness and being prescribed any medication apart from routine supplementation were analyzed. The Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI) was used to assess the appropriateness of medications. Higher MAI scores indicate more inappropriate prescribing. Results: Drugs which were most inappropriately prescribed with the highest average MAI scores were albendazole, itraconazole, injection amikacin, oxcarbazepine, warfarin, domperidone, propylthiouracil, and combiflam (ibuprofen + paracetamol). Diseases with the highest average MAI scores were anemia, Grave's disease, umbilical hernia, urinary tract infection, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, and preeclampsia. The MAI criteria which had the highest percentage of inappropriately prescribed medications were “cost of drugs,” “duration of therapy,” and “indication.” Conclusion: Potentially inappropriate prescribing was seen in the study with some of the common coexisting illness being treated with drugs which fared poorly on the MAI. The study has also highlighted areas in drug prescribing where scope for improvement exists. Further, it can act as a benchmark for comparison of future studies to evaluate medication appropriateness in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htet Wai Moe
- Department of Pharmacology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sushil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Somkuwar RG, Sharma AK, Kambale N, Banerjee K, Bhange MA, Oulkar DP. Volatome finger printing of red wines made from grapes grown under tropical conditions of India using thermal-desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS). J Food Sci Technol 2019; 57:1119-1130. [PMID: 32123433 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the key characters of aroma composition in diversified red wines (Cinsaut, Grenache, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Nielluccio, Tempranillo, Syrah, Merlot and Caladoc). Out of hundreds of volatile compounds 64 compounds were considered for study. Different groups consisting of fatty acids, volatile alcohols, aldehydes, esters, volatile phenols and terpenes were analysed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry coupled with thermal desorption (TD-GC-MS). Among all these diversified classes, alcohols were found as the most dominant group followed by esters and acids whereas aldehydes, phenols and terpenes were found to be minor compounds. Among the varieties, Nielluccio wine recorded highest concentration of total volatile compounds (191.53 mg/L) while, it was least in Caladoc wines (15.45 mg/L). The principal component analysis clearly differentiated Grenache wines based on their relationships between scores and their aroma composition followed by Nielluccio and Cinsuat wines. Out of sixty four compounds, only six aromatic compounds viz. butanediol, isoamyl actate, γ-Terpene, butanol, acetic acid and furfural have satisfying aroma descriptors with floral and fruity nuances and contribute to differentiate the Grenache wines from other varieties which have similar scores in PC1 analysis. The cluster analysis also suggested that the wines in the same group (Cinsaut, Tempranillo and Syrah), (Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Caladoc and Merlot) and (Nielluccio and Petit Verdot) had similar aroma characterization. Grenache wines were well differentiated from the sub group formed by other red varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Somkuwar
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412 307 India
| | - A K Sharma
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412 307 India
| | - Narayan Kambale
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412 307 India
| | | | - M A Bhange
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412 307 India
| | - D P Oulkar
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412 307 India
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Manhas M, Mittal S, Sharma AK, Gupta KK, Pathania V, Thakur V. Biological approach in repair of partially inflamed dental pulp using second-generation platelet-rich fibrin and mineral trioxide aggregate as a pulp medicament in primary molars. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2019; 37:399-404. [PMID: 31710016 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_133_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare clinically and radiographically PRF, MTA and Ca(OH)2 as a pulp dressing material in primary molars. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted on 30 children between 6-9 years of age. Pulpotomy was performed using MTA(Gp I), PRF + MTA(Gp II) and PRF +Ca(OH)2(Group III). The teeth were evaluated clinically and radiographically after 1,3 and 6 months and were subjected to statistics analysis. RESULTS After 6 months follow-up the overall success rate was found to be highest in Gp I with success rate of 97% followed by Gp II 95% and Gp III 78.3%. The results were found to be statistically insignificant (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION All materials used in the present study were equally effective as the success rates are statistically insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manhas
- Department of Pedodontics, Himachal Dental College, Sundar Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sudhir Mittal
- Department of Pedodontics, Himachal Dental College, Sundar Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Department of Pedodontics, Himachal Dental College, Sundar Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - K K Gupta
- Department of Pedodontics, Himachal Dental College, Sundar Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - V Pathania
- Department of Pedodontics, Himachal Dental College, Sundar Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - V Thakur
- Department of Pedodontics, Himachal Dental College, Sundar Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Sharma K, Gupta KK, Gaur A, Sharma AK, Pathania V, Thakur VB. A cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence of early childhood caries and associated risk factors in preschool children in district Mandi, Himachal Pradesh. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2019; 37:339-344. [PMID: 31710007 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_95_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the prevalence and related risk factors of early childhood caries (ECC) in preschool children of district Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total sample of 2859 children aged between 2 and 6 years were selected from various parts of district Mandi. The status of dental caries and decayed missing and filled teeth (DMFT) score was recorded. RESULTS ECC increased significantly with age. Boys had significantly higher caries prevalence and mean DMFT score as compared to girls. Children who belonged to low socioeconomic group showed higher caries prevalence and mean DMFT score. Children aged 3-6 years who brushed their teeth twice daily had the least prevalence of dental caries as well as DMFT score when compared to children with one time and no brushing. CONCLUSION The early identification of poor oral hygiene and improper feeding habits should be considered in preventive health promotion in low socioeconomic communities of district Mandi, Himachal Pradesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sharma
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Himachal Dental College, Himachal Pradesh University, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - K K Gupta
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Himachal Dental College, Himachal Pradesh University, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - A Gaur
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Himachal Dental College, Himachal Pradesh University, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Himachal Dental College, Himachal Pradesh University, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - V Pathania
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Himachal Dental College, Himachal Pradesh University, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - V B Thakur
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Himachal Dental College, Himachal Pradesh University, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Saini G, Dalal V, Savita BK, Sharma N, Kumar P, Sharma AK. Molecular docking and dynamic approach to virtual screen inhibitors against Esbp of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 92:329-340. [PMID: 31446203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Citrus greening (huanglongbing) is the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLA). Currently, no strategies have been developed to manage the Huanglongbing (HLB) disease and to stop the spreading of this disease to new citrus areas. Esbp is an extracellular solute-binding protein, involved in the uptake of iron in CLA. Thus, inhibiting this process may be a promising approach to design a drug against CLA. Thus, the present study focused on the identification of novel effective inhibitors which can inhibit the activity of CLas Esbp. A series of small molecules were screened against the CLas Esbp and the binding affinities were assessed using docking simulation studies. Top scored molecules were screened for different pharmacophore properties and Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC50) values. Density functional theory was employed to check the chemical properties of the molecules. Further, Molecular Dynamics simulation analysis like RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA and MMPBSA results reveal that the identified molecules (ZINC03143779, ZINC05491830, ZINC19210425, ZINC08750867, and ZINC14671545) exhibit a good binding affinity for CLas Esbp and results in the formation of stable CLas Esbp-inhibitor(s) complex. The present study reported that these compounds appeared to be the suitable novel inhibitor of CLas Esbp and pave the way to further development of antimicrobial agents against CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Vikram Dalal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Brajesh Kumar Savita
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India.
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Singh UB, Malviya D, Singh S, Kumar M, Sahu PK, Singh HV, Kumar S, Roy M, Imran M, Rai JP, Sharma AK, Saxena AK. Trichoderma harzianum- and Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Resistance to Bipolaris sorokiniana Through Enhanced Phenylpropanoid Activities in Bread Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1697. [PMID: 31417511 PMCID: PMC6685482 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of Trichoderma harzianum UBSTH-501- and methyl jasmonate-induced systemic resistance and their integration on the spot blotch pathogen, Bipolaris sorokiniana through enhanced phenylpropanoid activities in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It was found that the application of MeJA (>100 mg L-1) inhibits the germination of B. sorokiniana spores under controlled laboratory conditions. To assess the effect of MeJA (150 mg L-1) in combination with the biocontrol agent T. harzianum UBSTH-501 in vivo, a green house experiment was conducted. For this, biocontrol agent T. harzianum UBSTH-501 was applied as seed treatment, whereas MeJA (150 mg L-1) was applied 5 days prior to pathogen inoculation. Results indicated that application of MeJA (150 mg L-1) did not affect the root colonization of wheat by T. harzianum UBSTH-501 in the rhizosphere. The combined application of T. harzianum UBSTH-501 and MeJA also enhanced indole acetic acid production in the rhizosphere (4.92 μg g-1 of soil) which in turn helps in plant growth and development. Further, the combined application found to enhance the activities of defense related enzymes viz. catalase (5.92 EU min-1 g-1 fresh wt.), ascorbate peroxidase [μmol ascorbate oxidized (mg prot)-1 min-1], phenylalanine ammonia lyase (102.25 μmol cinnamic acid h-1 mg-1 fresh wt.) and peroxidase (6.95 Unit mg-1 min-1 fresh wt.) significantly in the plants under treatment which was further confirmed by assessing the transcript level of PAL and peroxidase genes using semi-quantitative PCR approach. The results showed manifold increase in salicylic acid (SA) along with enhanced accumulation of total free phenolics, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, and chlorogenic acid in the leaves of the plants treated with the biocontrol agent alone or in combination with MeJA. A significant decrease in the disease severity (17.46%) and area under disease progress curve (630.32) were also observed in the treatments with biocontrol agent and MeJA in combination as compared to B. sorokiniana alone treated plant (56.95% and 945.50, respectively). Up-regulation of phenylpropanoid cascades in response to exogenous application of MeJA and the biocontrol agent was observed. It was depicted from the results that PAL is the primary route for lignin production in wheat which reduces cell wall disruption and tissue disintegration and increases suberization and lignification of the plant cell as seen by Scanning Electron microphotographs. These results clearly indicated that exogenous application of MeJA with T. harzianum inducing JA- and/or SA-dependent defense signaling after pathogen challenge may increase the resistance to spot blotch by stimulating enzymatic activities and the accumulation of phenolic compounds in a cooperative manner. This study apparently provides the evidence of biochemical cross-talk and physiological responses in wheat following MeJA and biocontrol agent treatment during the bio-trophic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udai B Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Deepti Malviya
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Shailendra Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Pramod K Sahu
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - H V Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Manish Roy
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Science, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Jai P Rai
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology (Krishi Vigyan Kendra), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - A K Saxena
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
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Kumar P, Kesari P, Kokane S, Ghosh DK, Kumar P, Sharma AK. Crystal structures of a putative periplasmic cystine-binding protein from Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus: insights into an adapted mechanism of ligand binding. FEBS J 2019; 286:3450-3472. [PMID: 31063259 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The amino acid-binding receptors, a component of ABC transporters, have evolved to cater to different specificities and functions. Of particular interest are cystine-binding receptors, which have shown broad specificity. In the present study, a putative periplasmic cystine-binding protein from Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLasTcyA) was characterized. Analysis of the CLasTcyA sequence and crystal structures in the ligand-bound state revealed novel features of CLasTcyA in comparison to related proteins. One of the unique features found in CLasTcyA structure was the positioning of the C-terminal extended loop of one chain very close to the substrate-binding site of the adjacent monomer in the asymmetric unit. The presence of a disulphide bond, unique to Candidatus Liberibacter family, holds the C-terminal extended loop in position. Analysis of the substrate-binding pocket of CLasTcyA suggested a broad specificity and a completely different orientation of the bound substrates in comparison to related protein structures. The open conformation for one of the two chains of the asymmetric unit in the Arg-bound structure revealed a limited open state (18.4°) for CLasTcyA as compared to open state of other related proteins (~ 60°). The strong interaction between Asp126 on helix-α5 of small domain and Arg82 (bigger domain) restricts the degree of opening in ligand-free open state. The dissociation constant of 1.26 μm by SPR and 3.7 μm by MST exhibited low affinity for the cystine. This is the first structural characterization of an l-cystine ABC transporter from plant pathogen and our results suggest that CLasTcyA may have evolved to cater to its specific needs for its survival in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India
| | - Pooja Kesari
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India
| | - Sunil Kokane
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Ghosh
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India
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Jafri A, Bano S, Rais J, Khan F, Shivnath N, Sharma AK, Arshad M. Phytochemical screening of Sterculia foetida seed extract for anti-oxidant, anti-microbial activity, and detection of apoptosis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decrease, and nuclear fragmentation in human osteosarcoma cells. J Histotechnol 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2019.1592832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Jafri
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shabana Bano
- Protozoology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Juhi Rais
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Shivnath
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - AK Sharma
- Protozoology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Arshad
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Dhakan DB, Maji A, Sharma AK, Saxena R, Pulikkan J, Grace T, Gomez A, Scaria J, Amato KR, Sharma VK. The unique composition of Indian gut microbiome, gene catalogue, and associated fecal metabolome deciphered using multi-omics approaches. Gigascience 2019; 8:giz004. [PMID: 30698687 PMCID: PMC6394208 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metagenomic studies carried out in the past decade have led to an enhanced understanding of the gut microbiome in human health; however, the Indian gut microbiome has not been well explored. We analyzed the gut microbiome of 110 healthy individuals from two distinct locations (North-Central and Southern) in India using multi-omics approaches, including 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and metabolomic profiling of fecal and serum samples. RESULTS The gene catalogue established in this study emphasizes the uniqueness of the Indian gut microbiome in comparison to other populations. The gut microbiome of the cohort from North-Central India, which was primarily consuming a plant-based diet, was found to be associated with Prevotella and also showed an enrichment of branched chain amino acid (BCAA) and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathways. In contrast, the gut microbiome of the cohort from Southern India, which was consuming an omnivorous diet, showed associations with Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, and Faecalibacterium and had an enrichment of short chain fatty acid biosynthesis pathway and BCAA transporters. This corroborated well with the metabolomics results, which showed higher concentration of BCAAs in the serum metabolome of the North-Central cohort and an association with Prevotella. In contrast, the concentration of BCAAs was found to be higher in the fecal metabolome of the Southern-India cohort and showed a positive correlation with the higher abundance of BCAA transporters. CONCLUSIONS The study reveals the unique composition of the Indian gut microbiome, establishes the Indian gut microbial gene catalogue, and compares it with the gut microbiome of other populations. The functional associations revealed using metagenomic and metabolomic approaches provide novel insights on the gut-microbe-metabolic axis, which will be useful for future epidemiological and translational researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Dhakan
- Metagenomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - A Maji
- Metagenomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Metagenomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - R Saxena
- Metagenomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - J Pulikkan
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye Post, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - T Grace
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye Post, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, Kansas, KS 66506, USA
| | - A Gomez
- Microbiomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, Minnesota, MN 55108, USA
| | - J Scaria
- Animal Disease Research & Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, SD 57007, USA
| | - K R Amato
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, 1810 Hinman Avenue, Evanston, Illinois, IL 60208, USA
| | - V K Sharma
- Metagenomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
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Bhatt M, Rajak KK, Chakravarti S, Yadav AK, Kumar A, Gupta V, Chander V, Mathesh K, Chandramohan S, Sharma AK, Mahendran K, Sankar M, Muthuchelvan D, Gandham RK, Baig M, Singh RP, Singh RK. Phylogenetic analysis of haemagglutinin gene deciphering a new genetically distinct lineage of canine distemper virus circulating among domestic dogs in India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1252-1267. [PMID: 30725534 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper (CD) is one of the highly contagious and invariably fatal viral diseases of dogs and other carnivores. Despite the widespread use of modified live vaccines to control CD, the prevalence of disease has increased at an alarming rate in recent years. Although a number of factors may be ascribed for vaccine failure, antigenic differences among the vaccine and wild-type strains have gained the interest of researchers. Considering the high genetic variability of haemagglutinin gene (H gene) and its role in eliciting the immune response to canine distemper virus (CDV), we have generated nine full-length CDV H gene sequences from infected dogs including three vaccinated cases. Bayesian analysis was performed using 102 full-length H gene nucleotide sequences over a time frame of 76 years (1940-2016) from 18 countries. The time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of CDV was estimated to be 1696 AD. Phylogenetic reconstruction clustered Indian wild-type viruses into a distinct monophyletic group clearly separated from the previously established CDV lineages. This signifies the presence of a novel genetic variant (proposed as "Lineage India-1/Asia-5") circulating among dog population in India. To investigate the importance of substitutions at amino acid residues 530 and 549 of CDV H protein in determining the host switches from canid to non-canid hosts, we analysed 125 H gene sequences including nine sequences generated in this study. Selection pressure analysis and analysis of amino acid sequences revealed a trend towards adaptation of 549H variants in non-canid hosts although no role of G/E530R/D/N substitution could be identified. This is the first comprehensive study about the nature and ecology of CDV circulating among dog population in India. Outbreaks in vaccinated animals as observed in this study have raised a concern towards the effectiveness of current vaccine strains warranting detailed investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhatt
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.,Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India
| | - K K Rajak
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - S Chakravarti
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - A K Yadav
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.,ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, India
| | - A Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - V Gupta
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - V Chander
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - K Mathesh
- Centre for wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - S Chandramohan
- Centre for wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Centre for wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - K Mahendran
- Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - M Sankar
- TAH Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar, Nainital, India
| | - D Muthuchelvan
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar, Nainital, India
| | - R K Gandham
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - M Baig
- Department of Zoology, Goverment Vidarbha Institute of Science & Humanities, Amravati, India
| | - R P Singh
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - R K Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
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Kumar A, Shekhar S, Sarkar A, Sharma AK. A process-based insight to the recent disappearance of streams in the central part of Tarai region, Uttarakhand, India. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:66. [PMID: 30637525 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The integrated study of geomorphology and hydrogeology could be significant in predicting and assessing the groundwater environment of ecologically sensitive terrains such as the Tarai region in North India. In this article, we integrate topographic elevation, stream network, water level data, and input and output stresses acting on the aquifer to understand the hydrological processes and linkages between groundwater dynamics and geomorphic elements in Rudrapur sub-division of Udham Singh Nagar district, Uttarakhand in the central part of Tarai region. The study area was selected on account of the fact that the Rudrapur area of late has witnessed rapid agricultural growth, urbanization, and industrialization. It has been observed that primarily, water table elevations are controlled by the topography of the region. Further, the groundwater abstraction has increased with time; however, except in urbanized sectors, the water level does not show any significant decline. This has been attributed to increased recharge. Prima facie, it appears to be ecologically balanced. However, in a temporal framework, it was observed that over the years, a few streams have disappeared to compensate for enhanced groundwater abstraction. The article explains the underlying hydrological processes behind the disappearance of streams with help of schematic diagrams. It also put forward reasons for the persistence of shallow water level in parts of the study area. It suggests for preservation of the waterways of disappeared streams as possible sites for remedial measures like check dams etc. if required in future on account of over-exploitation of groundwater resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263001, India
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Department of Geology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Aditya Sarkar
- Department of Geology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Geology, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263001, India
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Agrawal V, Sharma AK, Lal A, Choudhury A, Chatterjee P, Ganguly MVSM. Penetrating abdominal injuries due to firearms in combat zone – Single center experience. J Mar Med Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jmms.jmms_9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ghosh DK, Kokane SB, Kokane AD, Warghane AJ, Motghare MR, Bhose S, Sharma AK, Reddy MK. Development of a recombinase polymerase based isothermal amplification combined with lateral flow assay (HLB-RPA-LFA) for rapid detection of "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus". PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208530. [PMID: 30540789 PMCID: PMC6291142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening is highly destructive disease that is affecting the citrus industry worldwide and it has killed millions of citrus plants globally. HLB is caused by the phloem limited, Gram negative, non-culturable, alpha-proteobacterium, 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'. Currently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real time PCR have been the gold standard techniques used for detection of 'Ca. L. asiaticus'. These diagnostic methods are expensive, require well equipped laboratories, not user-friendly and not suitable for on-site detection of the pathogen. In this study, a sensitive, reliable, quick and low cost recombinase polymerase based isothermal amplification combined with lateral flow assay (HLB-RPA-LFA) technique has been developed as a diagnostic tool for detection of 'Ca. L. asiaticus'. The assay was standardized by designing the specific primer pair and probe based on the conserved 16S rRNA gene of 'Ca. L. asiaticus'. The assay was optimized for temperature and reaction time by using purified DNA and crude plant extracts and the best HLB-RPA-LFA was achieved at the isothermal temperature of 38°C for 20 to 30 min. The efficacy and sensitivity of the assay was carried out by using field grown, HLB-infected, HLB-doubtful and healthy citrus cultivars including mandarin, sweet orange cv. mosambi, and acid lime. The HLB-RPA-LFA did not show cross-reactivity with other citrus pathogens and is simple, cost-effective, rapid, user-friendly and sensitive. Thus, the HLB-RPA-LFA method has great potential to provide an improved diagnostic tool for detection of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' for the farmers, nurserymen, disease surveyors, mobile plant pathology laboratories, bud-wood certification and quarantine programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar Ghosh
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil B. Kokane
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol D. Kokane
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish J. Warghane
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manali R. Motghare
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sumit Bhose
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - M. Krishna Reddy
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticulture, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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89
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Garg C, Sharma AK, Gupta A, Kumar P. Anisamido-Polyethylenimines as Efficient Nonviral Vectors for the Transport of Plasmid DNA to Sigma Receptor-Bearing Cells In Vitro. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:1552-1558. [PMID: 30513318 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Site-specific delivery of therapeutics promises better outcomes in the treatment of diseases. A small ligand, anisamide, has been shown to specifically bind sigma receptors highly overexpressed on prostate cancer cells, one of the leading cancers causing deaths worldwide. Here, anisamide-tethered polyethylenimine polymers (AP) have been synthesized and evaluated for their capability to transport nucleic acid across the cell membrane. A series of modified polymers (AP-1 to AP-4) was synthesized, physicochemically characterized, and evaluated for their transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity. Postconjugation, there was a marginal decrease in the buffering capacity; however, it did not diminish the ultimate objective of the study rather improved the transfection efficiency and decreased the cytotoxicity making these polymers as efficient and safe vectors for nucleic acid delivery. All the modified polymers displayed enhanced capability to deliver DNA inside the cells. Among the series, the modified polymer, AP-4 (10% attempted substitution), exhibited the highest transfection in HEK293 cells having abundant sigma receptors with minimal cytotoxicity. The projected polymer also showed complete protection of bound DNA against enzymatic degradation. Altogether, the results demonstrated targeting ability of the proposed polymers to deliver nucleic acid to sigma receptor-bearing cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Garg
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Department of Chemistry, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Alka Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India.
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90
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Amjad S, Sharma AK, Serajuddin M. Toxicity assessment of cypermethrin nanoparticles in Channa punctatus: Behavioural response, micronuclei induction and enzyme alteration. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 100:127-133. [PMID: 30393047 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A comparative toxicity assessment was performed to evaluate the effect of cypermethrin nanoparticles (CypNPs) and cypermethrin (Cyp) on murrel, Channa punctatus. Size variation and shape morphology of nanoparticles were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. CypNPs presented shoulder band at a wavelength of 277 nm and size range between 29.23 nm and 49.28 nm. The individuals of C. punctatus were exposed to two sublethal doses of LC50 viz 1/20th (S1) of LC50 and 1/10th (S2) of LC50 of CypNPs (20.54 mg/L) and Cyp (4 μg/L) for 15 days. Micronucleus assay was used to assess the genotoxicity while enzyme activity was evaluated by using alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The percentage of micronuclei was increased significantly at different doses in Cyp compared to CypNPs. The AST value of Cyp was significantly different from CypNPs at both doses while ALP level at the S2 dose (p < 0.05). Increased levels of ALT, AST, and ALP in blood serum caused tissue impairment cellular damage in liver in the fish exposed to Cyp compared to CypNPs which indicated that CypNPs is least toxic than the conventional form of Cyp. AST and ALT also acted as indicators of stress and altered physiological condition in C. punctatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Amjad
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, UP, India.
| | - A K Sharma
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, UP, India.
| | - M Serajuddin
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, UP, India.
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91
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Ghosh DK, Kokane S, Kumar P, Ozcan A, Warghane A, Motghare M, Santra S, Sharma AK. Antimicrobial nano-zinc oxide-2S albumin protein formulation significantly inhibits growth of "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" in planta. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204702. [PMID: 30304000 PMCID: PMC6179220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB, also known as citrus greening) is considered to be the most devastating disease that has significantly damaged the citrus industry globally. HLB is caused by the Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the fastidious phloem-restricted gram-negative bacterium, vectored by the asian citrus psyllid. To date, there is no effective control available against CLas. To alleviate the effects of HLB on the industry and protect citrus farmers, there is an urgent need to identify or develop inhibitor molecules to suppress or eradicate CLas from infected citrus plant. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time an in planta efficacy of two antimicrobial compounds against CLas viz. 2S albumin (a plant based protein; ~12.5 kDa), Nano-Zinc Oxide (Nano-ZnO; ~ 4.0 nm diameter) and their combinations. Aqueous formulations of these compounds were trunk-injected to HLB affected Mosambi plants (Citrus sinensis) grafted on 3-year old rough lemon (C. jambhiri) rootstock with known CLas titer maintained inside an insect-free screen house. The effective concentration of 2S albumin (330 ppm) coupled with the Nano-ZnO (330 ppm) at 1:1 ratio was used. The dynamics of CLas pathogen load of treated Mosambi plants was assessed using TaqMan-qPCR assay every 30 days after treatment (DAT) and monitored till 120 days. We observed that 2S albumin-Nano-ZnO formulation performed the best among all the treatments decreasing CLas population by 96.2%, 97.6%, 95.6%, and 97% of the initial bacterial load (per 12.5 ng of genomic DNA) at 30, 60, 90, and 120 DAT, respectively. Our studies demonstrated the potency of 2S albumin-Nano-ZnO formulation as an antimicrobial treatment for suppressing CLas in planta and could potentially be developed as a novel anti CLas therapeutics to mitigate the HLB severity affecting the citrus industry worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar Ghosh
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil Kokane
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pranav Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ali Ozcan
- Department of Chemistry, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ashish Warghane
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manali Motghare
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swadeshmukul Santra
- Department of Chemistry, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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92
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Somkuwar RG, Bhange MA, Oulkar DP, Sharma AK, Ahammed Shabeer TP. Estimation of polyphenols by using HPLC-DAD in red and white wine grape varieties grown under tropical conditions of India. J Food Sci Technol 2018; 55:4994-5002. [PMID: 30482995 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Grapes are well known for their high content of phenolic compounds. Polyphenols are classified into flavonoids and non-flavonoids by their primary chemical structures of hydroxybenzene. Flavonoids mainly consist of anthocyanins, flavonoids, and flavonols whereas non-flavonoids include hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids. In the present study, sixteen phenolic compounds from ten red and nine white grape wine varieties were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Gallic acid, Vanillic acid, Rutin hydrate, Ellagic acid, Chlorogenic acid, Sorbic acid, Catechin hydrate, Epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, Quercetin, Myricetin, Kaempferol, Piceatannol, and Resveratrol were major compounds found in red wine grapes. Among the varieties, Petit Verdot, Cabernet Franc showed maximum quantitative phenolics, whereas Cabernet Sauvignon, Niellucio, Cinsaut, and Syrah showed least quantitative phenolics in grape berries. Phenolic profile of white wine grapes showed lower concentration of phenolics than that of red wine grapes. The variety Gros Meseng showed maximum phenolics followed by Sauvignon, while the variety Colombard and Chenin Blanc showed least phenolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Somkuwar
- ICAR-National Research Center for Grapes, Manjari Farm Post, Solpaur Road, P. O. No. 03, Pune, 412 307 India
| | - M A Bhange
- ICAR-National Research Center for Grapes, Manjari Farm Post, Solpaur Road, P. O. No. 03, Pune, 412 307 India
| | - D P Oulkar
- ICAR-National Research Center for Grapes, Manjari Farm Post, Solpaur Road, P. O. No. 03, Pune, 412 307 India
| | - A K Sharma
- ICAR-National Research Center for Grapes, Manjari Farm Post, Solpaur Road, P. O. No. 03, Pune, 412 307 India
| | - T P Ahammed Shabeer
- ICAR-National Research Center for Grapes, Manjari Farm Post, Solpaur Road, P. O. No. 03, Pune, 412 307 India
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93
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Sharma AK, Nymark M, Sparstad T, Bones AM, Winge P. Transgene-free genome editing in marine algae by bacterial conjugation - comparison with biolistic CRISPR/Cas9 transformation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14401. [PMID: 30258061 PMCID: PMC6158232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 technology has opened the possibility for targeted genome editing in various organisms including diatom model organisms. One standard method for delivery of vectors to diatom cells is by biolistic particle bombardment. Recently delivery by conjugation was added to the tool-box. An important difference between these methods is that biolistic transformation results in transgene integration of vector DNA into the algae genome, whereas conjugative transformation allows the vector to be maintained as an episome in the recipient cells. In this study, we have used both transformation methods to deliver the CRISPR/Cas9 system to the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum aiming to induce mutations in a common target gene. This allowed us to compare the two CRISPR/Cas9 delivery systems with regard to mutation efficiency, and to assess potential problems connected to constitutive expression of Cas9. We found that the percentage of CRISPR-induced targeted biallelic mutations are similar for both methods, but an extended growth period might be needed to induce biallelic mutations when the CRISPR/Cas9 system is episomal. Independent of the CRISPR/Cas9 vector system, constitutive expression of Cas9 can cause re-editing of mutant lines with small indels. Complications associated with the biolistic transformation system like the permanent and random integration of foreign DNA into the host genome and unstable mutant lines caused by constitutive expression of Cas9 can be avoided using the episomal CRISPR/Cas9 system. The episomal vector can be eliminated from the diatom cells by removal of selection pressure, resulting in transient Cas9 expression and non-transgenic mutant lines. Depending on legislation, such lines might be considered as non-GMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Sharma
- Cell, Molecular biology and Genomics Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - M Nymark
- Cell, Molecular biology and Genomics Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - T Sparstad
- Cell, Molecular biology and Genomics Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A M Bones
- Cell, Molecular biology and Genomics Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - P Winge
- Cell, Molecular biology and Genomics Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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94
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Kynta RL, Rawat S, Thingnam SK, Manoj RK, Sharma AK. Type II aortopulmonary window with tetralogy of Fallot: successful repair. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2018; 27:110-113. [PMID: 29986599 DOI: 10.1177/0218492318788166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aortopulmonary window associated with tetralogy of Fallot is a rare cardiac anomaly. An 8-month-old boy presented with failure to thrive and recurrent chest infections. Echocardiography and imaging studies revealed a type II aortopulmonary window with tetralogy of Fallot. Corrective surgery in the form of patch closure of the aortopulmonary window and intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot was carried out successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Lamiaki Kynta
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjib Rawat
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shyam Ks Thingnam
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rohit Kumar Manoj
- 2 Department of Cardiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- 2 Department of Cardiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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95
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Kar B, Verma P, den Haan R, Sharma AK. Effect of N-linked glycosylation on the activity and stability of a β-glucosidase from Putranjiva roxburghii. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:490-498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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96
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Priyam A, Shivhare K, Yadav S, Sharma AK, Kumar P. Enhanced solubility and self-assembly of amphiphilic sulfasalazine-PEG-OMe (S-PEG) conjugate into core-shell nanostructures useful for colonic drug delivery. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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97
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Motghare M, Dhar AK, Kokane A, Warghane A, Kokane S, Sharma AK, Reddy MK, Ghosh DK. Quantitative distribution of Citrus yellow mosaic badnavirus in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and its implication in developing disease diagnostics. J Virol Methods 2018; 259:25-31. [PMID: 29859966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Citrus yellow mosaic badnavirus (CMBV) is the etiologic agent of citrus yellow mosaic disease, which has caused serious economic losses to Indian citrus industry. CMBV is a quarantined pathogen that is geographically restricted to India. To prevent unintentional movement of the virus to other major citrus-growing countries in fruits, root stocks or grafted citrus plants and facilitate trade, a sensitive, validated diagnostic tool is needed. In the present study, we developed a SYBR Green real-time PCR-based method to detect and quantify CMBV in different tissues of infected Mosambi sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and compared its sensitivity to conventional PCR protocols. Primers were designed to recognize a portion of the CMBV capsid protein gene. Conventional and real-time PCR were performed on several different tissues: shoot tips, leaves displaying typical CMBV symptoms, asymptomatic leaves, senescent leaves, thorns, green stems and feeder roots. The detection limit of CMBV by conventional PCR was 2.5 × 104 copies per 5 ng of total genomic DNA, while the detection limit of real-time PCR was found to be 4.6 × 102 virus copies per 5 ng of viral DNA. The viral load varied between different tissues. The highest concentration occurred in feeder roots (3.5 × 108 copies per 5 ng of total genomic DNA) and the lowest in thorns (1 × 106 copies per 5 ng of total genomic DNA). The variation in viral load within different tissues suggests movement of the virus within an infected plant that follows the path of photo-assimilates via the phloem. In symptomatic leaves, the CMBV concentration was highest in the lamella followed by midrib and petiole, suggesting that virus resides inside these sections of a leaf and side by side symptoms develop. On the other hand, in asymptomatic leaves, the petiole contained higher virus load than the lamella and midrib suggesting that the pathogen gets established from the stem through the phloem into petiole then infects the lamella and midrib. In addition to information on virus movement, the distribution of CMBV in different tissues helps with the selection of tissues with relatively higher viral load to sample for early and sensitive diagnosis of the disease, which will be useful for better management of the disease in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manali Motghare
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arun Kumar Dhar
- Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 8572, USA
| | - Amol Kokane
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish Warghane
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil Kokane
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - M Krishna Reddy
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticulture, Bangalore 560089, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Ghosh
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India.
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98
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Sharma VR, Gupta GK, Sharma AK, Batra N, Sharma DK, Joshi A, Sharma AK. PI3K/Akt/mTOR Intracellular Pathway and Breast Cancer: Factors, Mechanism and Regulation. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:1633-1638. [PMID: 27848885 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666161116125218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most recurrent and considered second most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in women is the breast cancer. The key to diagnosis is early prediction and a curable stage but still treatment remains a great clinical challenge. Origin of the Problem: A number of studies have been carried out for the treatment of breast cancer which includes the targeted therapies and increased survival rates in women. Essential PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway activation has been observed in most breast cancers. The cell growth and tumor development in such cases involve phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex intracellular pathway. HYPOTHESIS Through preclinical and clinical trials, it has been observed that there are a number of other inhibitors of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which either alone or in combination with cytotoxic agents can be used for endocrine therapies. CONCLUSION Structure and regulation/deregulation of mTOR provides a greater insight into the action mechanism. Also, through this review, one could easily scan first and second generation inhibitors for PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway besides targeted therapies for breast cancer and the precise role of mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Var Ruchi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-Ambala (Haryana). India
| | - Girish Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-Ambala (Haryana). India
| | - A K Sharma
- Department of Physics, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-Ambala (Haryana). India
| | - Navneet Batra
- Department of Biotechnology, GGDSD College, Sec 32 Chandigarh. India
| | - Daljit K Sharma
- Deparment of Science, Gurukul Global School, Chandigarh. India
| | - Amit Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, SGGS College, Sector 26 Chandigarh. India
| | - Anil K Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, M.M. University, Mullana-Ambala -133207, Haryana. India
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99
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Gupta BP, Sharma I, Kohli N, Sharma S, Rathi A, Sharma AK. Preliminary clinical assessment and non- toxicity evaluation of an ayurvedic formulation BGR-34 in NIDDM. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 8:506-514. [PMID: 30302331 PMCID: PMC6174273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the overall health impact of NIDDM, inventers understand the necessity of improving glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. BGR-34 provides an effective treatment option for adults with type 2 diabetes who have been inadequately controlled on lifestyle with or without other oral hypoglycemic agents (OHGAs) such as metformin, sulfonylurea, or a glitazones. BGR-34 is an appropriate option to consider for addition to a managed care drug formulary. Treatment with BGR-34 produced clinically relevant and statistically significant reductions in all three key measures of glucose control studied -FPG, PPBG and HbA1c- when compared with placebo. BGR-34, showed the promising result with respect to glycemic parameters in NIDDM patient with a significant reduction in fasting blood sugar by 34.3%, postprandial blood sugar 35.5% & glycosylated haemoglobin by 20.31% as compared to placebo group showing a reduction by 13.2%, 10.9% & 10.87% respectively. The trial has also been registered to CTRI, India. This study has been registered in the clinical trial registry-India.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- BBN, total bilirubin
- BGR-34
- Berberis aristata
- CPCSEA, committee for the purpose of conduct and supervisions of experiments on rats
- CSIR, council of scientific & industrial research, india
- CTRI, clinical trial registry-India
- DLC, differential leukocyte count
- FPG, fasting plasma glucose
- HDL, high-density lipoproteins
- Hb, haemoglobin
- HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin
- Indian system medicine
- NIDDM
- NIDDM, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- OECD, organization for economic co-operation and development
- OHGAs, other oral hypoglycemic agents
- OPD, out Patient Department
- PPBG, post-prandial blood glucose
- SGOT, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase
- SGPT, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase
- TLC, TOTAL leukocyte count
- Type 2 diabetes
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Gupta
- Aggarwal Dharmarth Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - I Sharma
- Research and Development, Aimil Pharmaceuticals (India) Ltd, New Delhi, India
| | - N Kohli
- Aimil Healthcare and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - S Sharma
- Research and Development, Aimil Pharmaceuticals (India) Ltd, New Delhi, India
| | - A Rathi
- Research and Development, Aimil Pharmaceuticals (India) Ltd, New Delhi, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Research and Development, Aimil Pharmaceuticals (India) Ltd, New Delhi, India
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Sharma
- Renal Transplant Unit, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London
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