51
|
Pereira A, Peixoto C, Martins H, Marques C, Carvalho F, Macedo A. Eating disorder examination-questionnaire – 7: Construct validity in a sample of portuguese overweight women. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9471241 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ; Fairburn et al. 2008) is the most used instrument worldwide for the assessment of eating disorders symptoms, its factorial structure considerably varies, which limits its construct validity. Using exploratory factor analisys in data from a sample of overweight women, our group found a three-factors structure of the EDEQ Portuguese version (Peixoto et al. 2013), Although it was in accordance with other psychometric studies (eg. Peterson et al 2007), it was different from the original matrix. Further investigation regarding its factor structure has been conducted, with studies supporting a modified seven-item-three-factors structure (dietary restraint, shape/weight overvaluation, body dissatisfaction) with improved psychometric properties (Grilo et al. 2013, 2015), including with Portuguese samples (Machado et al. 2018; Santos et al. 2019). Objectives To analyze if the EDEQ version composed of seven items and three factors is replicated in a Portuguese sample of overweight women. Methods The EDEQ was administered to an outpatient sample of 276 women (Mean age= 43.85±11.89 years; Mean BMI=32.82±5.43 Kg/height2) attending a weight loss treatment consultation in a public hospital. Results Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed an adequate fit of the EDEQ-7 second order model with three dimensions (χ2/df=1.5497; RMSEA=.0452, CFI=.9955, TLI=.9914, GFI=.xxx; p<.001). The EDEQ7 Cronbach’s alphas for the total and its dimensions were α<.70. Conclusions Given its good psychometric properties, the overlap of the measurement model with those found with different samples and the reduced number of items, the EDEQ7 will be very useful both in research and clinical settings with/for overweight women.
Collapse
|
52
|
Carvalho F, Cabaços C, Carneiro M, Araujo A, Azevedo J, Marques M, Manão A, Macedo A, Pereira A. Mindfulness and self-compassion based intervention program to prevent burnout in medical and dentistry students. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9475878 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Burnout occurs in every stage of a medical graduation and career. In the first years of graduation, is affects 35-45% of medical and dentistry students. This has severe consequences, such as: higher levels of suicidal ideation, substance abuse, medical errors and medical neglect; lower levels of empathy and self-compassion - essential to the quality of healthcare. Students with certain personality traits (e.g., neuroticism and, particularly, perfectionism) are more vulnerable to emotional dysregulation when facing stressors of daily life. Our recent studies proved that mindfulness and self-compassion can attenuate the effect of perfectionism on psychological distress. Objectives To present the rational, materials, methodology and preliminary results of our project COMBURNOUT, aimed to develop, implement and assess the efficacy of a mindfulness and self-compassion-based intervention to prevent burnout in medical and dentistry students. Methods Students with high levels of burnout, psychological distress and perfectionism will be randomly assigned to intervention (8 weekly sessions) or control groups. The sessions will be composed by psychoeducation about burnout, mindfulness and self-compassion practices, within and between sessions. The follow up will include three assessment moments until a year after the intervention. Results We expect that the experimental group will present significantly lower levels of burnout, psychological distress and perfectionism, and higher levels of emotional regulation skills. Conclusions The facilitators training and the manualization are guaranties of standardization and sustainability. If the positive impact of COMBURNOUT is verified, we intend to provide the program to medical/dentistry students from all over the country.
Collapse
|
53
|
Maia BR, Coelho C, Marques M, Carvalho F. Associations between social anxiety and avoidance, attachment styles and parental marital status, in late adolescence. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9471513 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe relation between insecure general attachment and social anxiety has long been established.ObjectivesTo explore the associations between social interaction and performance anxiety and avoidance, attachment styles, and parental marital status.Methods146 Portuguese adolescents, with a mean age of 18.99 years old (SD = .848; range: 18-20), filled in the Social Interaction and Performance Anxiety and Avoidance Scale and the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures Questionnaire.ResultsDistress/Anxiety was correlated with avoidance attachment to mother and father (rs = .17*, p = .04; rs = .18*, p = .03), to anxious attachment to romantic partner (rs = .21*, p = .01), and to anxious and avoidance attachment to best friend (rs = .25**, p = .00; (rs = .17*, p = .035). Avoidance was significantly correlated with avoidance to father and to romantic partner (rs = .18*, p = .03), and to anxious and avoidance attachment to best friend (rs = .21**, p = .009; rs = .18*, p = .03). A significant difference was found in avoidance attachment to father X2 = 10.246 (4, n = 146), p = .036, by parental marital status, with the adolescents with single/divorced parents presenting a higher mean score (Md = 111.10; Md = 82.93) than the other groups.ConclusionsDistress/anxiety seems to be associated with more close relationships, and a single/divorced status with Avoidance. Longitudinal studies are needed to explore if insecure attachment to parents predicts insecure extra-familiar attachment, and to explore the long-term effects of parental marital status.
Collapse
|
54
|
Pereira A, Barros M, Aguiar M, Azevedo J, Marques M, Carvalho F, Pereira D, Macedo A. Postpartum depression screening scale-7: A valid and reliable short version both for portugal and brasil. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9480331 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Screening programs for perinatal depression are systematicly implemented in developed countries. To circumvent the most commonly pointed limitation by the primary healthcare professionals (the questionnaires length), we have developed shorter forms of the Beck and Gable Postpartum Depression Screening Scale-35. The shortest version consists of seven items, each one representing a dimension evaluated by the PDSS. This PDSS-7 demonstrated equal levels of reliability and validity as the 35-item PDSS with the advantage of being completed in as little as 1-2 minutes(Pereira et al. 2013). Objectives To analyze the construct validity of the PDSS-7 using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, to use both in Portugal and in Brazil. Methods The Portuguese sample was composed of 616 women (Mean age: 32.29±4.466; Mean gestation weeks=17.13±4.929). These participants were not the same who participated in the psychometric study that led to the selection of the seven items. The Brazilian sample was composed of 350 women (Mean age: 30.01±5.452; Mean gestation weeks=25.17±6.55). They all had uncomplicated pregnancies and completed the European/Brazilian Portuguese versions of PDSS-24 (Pereira et al. 2013/ Barros et al. 2021), which was composed of the same items and included the seven items that compose the PDSS-7. Results The unidimensional model of PDSS-7 presented a good fit in both samples (Portuguese/Brazilian: χ2/d.f.=3.439/2.653; RMSEA=.066/.069, CFI=.974/.981, TLI=.947/.957, GFI=.939/.957; p<.001). The PDSS-7 Cronbach’s alphas were .82/.83 and all the items contribute to the internal consistency. Conclusions The PDSS-7 is a valid and precise, economic, fast and easy screening instrument for perinatal depression, a major public health problem, both in Portugal and in Brazil.
Collapse
|
55
|
de Oliveira F, Leira F, Braga L, Zamprogno P, Aversa A, Guimarães R, Carvalho F. Extradural arachnoid cyst – Case report and literature review. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
56
|
Amir S, Shah STA, Mamoulakis C, Docea AO, Kalantzi OI, Zachariou A, Calina D, Carvalho F, Sofikitis N, Makrigiannakis A, Tsatsakis A. Endocrine Disruptors Acting on Estrogen and Androgen Pathways Cause Reproductive Disorders through Multiple Mechanisms: A Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:1464. [PMID: 33557243 PMCID: PMC7913912 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing contamination of the environment by toxic compounds such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is one of the major causes of reproductive defects in both sexes. Estrogen/androgen pathways are of utmost importance in gonadal development, determination of secondary sex characteristics and gametogenesis. Most of the EDCs mediate their action through respective receptors and/or downstream signaling. The purpose of this review is to highlight the mechanism by which EDCs can trigger antagonistic or agonistic response, acting through estrogen/androgen receptors causing reproductive defects that lead to infertility. In vitro, in vivo and in silico studies focusing on the impact of EDCs on estrogen/androgen pathways and related proteins published in the last decade were considered for the review. PUBMED and PUBCHEM were used for literature search. EDCs can bind to estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) and androgen receptors or activate alternative receptors such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), GPR30, estrogen-related receptor (ERRγ) to activate estrogen signaling via downstream kinases. Bisphenol A, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, polychlorinated biphenyls and phthalates are major toxicants that interfere with the normal estrogen/androgen pathways leading to infertility in both sexes through many ways, including DNA damage in spermatozoids, altered methylation pattern, histone modifications and miRNA expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saira Amir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (S.T.A.S.)
| | - Syed Tahir Abbas Shah
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (S.T.A.S.)
| | - Charalampos Mamoulakis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Petru Rares, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Olga-Ioanna Kalantzi
- Department of Environment, University of Aegean, University Hill, 81100 Mytilini, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Zachariou
- Department of Urology, Ioannina University School of Medicine, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Felix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Nikolaos Sofikitis
- Department of Urology, Ioannina University School of Medicine, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Antonios Makrigiannakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Carvalho F, Schulte L. Reconstruction of mining activities in the Western Alps during the past 2500 years from natural archives. Sci Total Environ 2021; 750:141208. [PMID: 32846252 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The geochemical analysis of natural archives can improve our knowledge of past mining activities and their environmental imprint. The sedimentary records from the Hasli-Aare floodplain (Bernese Alps) over the last 2500 years were analysed for metals. Evidence of past mining contamination was obtained from the XRF analyses of iron, copper, zinc and lead. These results were analytically and statistically processed to produce a metal content index. Positive metal anomalies indicate four major pulses of contamination coinciding with the end of the Iron Age, from the end of the Roman Period to the Early Medieval Period, the Late Medieval Period, and the Modern Period. These pulses show good agreement with local historical sources of mining in the Hasli-Aare catchment, dating back to the beginning of the 15th century. Furthermore, they are in phase with anthropogenic pollution trends inferred from glacier ice cores, lake sediments and peat bogs across the Western Alps, most notably during the Roman, Late Medieval and Modern Periods. However, close comparison between these records can show some differences, suggesting local variations in mining activities and/or a lag in metal transfer. The reconstructed periods of anthropogenic metal pollution are located in their political, economic and social contexts and compared with the climate periods of central Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Carvalho
- FluvAlps Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Barcelona, Spain.
| | - L Schulte
- FluvAlps Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Lozano R, Fullman N, Mumford JE, Knight M, Barthelemy CM, Abbafati C, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abdollahi M, Abedi A, Abolhassani H, Abosetugn AE, Abreu LG, Abrigo MRM, Abu Haimed AK, Abushouk AI, Adabi M, Adebayo OM, Adekanmbi V, Adelson J, Adetokunboh OO, Adham D, Advani SM, Afshin A, Agarwal G, Agasthi P, Aghamir SMK, Agrawal A, Ahmad T, Akinyemi RO, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Albertson SB, Alemu YM, Alhassan RK, Ali M, Ali S, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Alla F, Almadi MAH, Almasi A, Almasi-Hashiani A, Almasri NA, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Almulhim AM, Alonso J, Al-Raddadi RM, Altirkawi KA, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Amini S, Amini-Rarani M, Amiri F, Amit AML, Amugsi DA, Ancuceanu R, Anderlini D, Andrei CL, Androudi S, Ansari F, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Antonio CAT, Antony CM, Antriyandarti E, Anvari D, Anwer R, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Aravkin AY, Aremu O, Ärnlöv J, Asaad M, Asadi-Aliabadi M, Asadi-Pooya AA, Ashbaugh C, Athari SS, Atout MMW, Ausloos M, Avila-Burgos L, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayano G, Ayanore MA, Aynalem YA, Aynalem GL, Ayza MA, Azari S, Azzopardi PS, B DB, Babaee E, Badiye AD, Bahrami MA, Baig AA, Bakhshaei MH, Bakhtiari A, Bakkannavar SM, Balachandran A, Balassyano S, Banach M, Banerjee SK, Banik PC, Bante AB, Bante SA, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen TW, Barrero LH, Bassat Q, Basu S, Baune BT, Bayati M, Baye BA, Bedi N, Beghi E, Behzadifar M, Bekuma TTT, Bell ML, Bensenor IM, Berman AE, Bernabe E, Bernstein RS, Bhagavathula AS, Bhandari D, Bhardwaj P, Bhat AG, Bhattacharyya K, Bhattarai S, Bhutta ZA, Bijani A, Bikbov B, Bilano V, Biondi A, Birihane BM, Bockarie MJ, Bohlouli S, Bojia HA, Bolla SRR, Boloor A, Brady OJ, Braithwaite D, Briant PS, Briggs AM, Briko NI, Burugina Nagaraja S, Busse R, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Cámera LA, Cárdenas R, Carreras G, Carrero JJ, Carvalho F, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castelpietra G, Castro F, Catalá-López F, Causey K, Cederroth CR, Cercy KM, Cerin E, Chandan JS, Chang AY, Charan J, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi S, Chin KL, Cho DY, Choi JYJ, Christensen H, Chu DT, Chung MT, Ciobanu LG, Cirillo M, Comfort H, Compton K, Cortesi PA, Costa VM, Cousin E, Dahlawi SMA, Damiani G, Dandona L, Dandona R, Darega Gela J, Darwesh AM, Daryani A, Dash AP, Davey G, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Davletov K, De Neve JW, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Deribe K, Dervenis N, Desai R, Dharmaratne SD, Dhungana GP, Dianatinasab M, Dias da Silva D, Diaz D, Dippenaar IN, Do HT, Dorostkar F, Doshmangir L, Duncan BB, Duraes AR, Eagan AW, Edvardsson D, El Sayed I, El Tantawi M, Elgendy IY, Elyazar IRF, Eskandari K, Eskandarieh S, Esmaeilnejad S, Esteghamati A, Ezekannagha O, Farag T, Farahmand M, Faraon EJA, Farinha CSES, Farioli A, Faris PS, Faro A, Fazlzadeh M, Feigin VL, Fernandes E, Ferrara P, Feyissa GT, Filip I, Fischer F, Fisher JL, Flor LS, Foigt NA, Folayan MO, Fomenkov AA, Foroutan M, Francis JM, Fu W, Fukumoto T, Furtado JM, Gad MM, Gaidhane AM, Gakidou E, Galles NC, Gallus S, Gardner WM, Geberemariyam BS, Gebrehiwot AM, Gebremeskel LG, Gebremeskel GG, Gesesew HA, Ghadiri K, Ghafourifard M, Ghashghaee A, Ghith N, Gholamian A, Gilani SA, Gill PS, Gill TK, Ginindza TG, Gitimoghaddam M, Giussani G, Glagn M, Gnedovskaya EV, Godinho MA, Goharinezhad S, Gopalani SV, Goudarzian AH, Goulart BNG, Gubari MIM, Guimarães RA, Guled RA, Gultie T, Guo Y, Gupta R, Gupta R, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hafiz A, Haile TG, Hamadeh RR, Hameed S, Hamidi S, Han C, Han H, Handiso DW, Hanif A, Hankey GJ, Haro JM, Hasaballah AI, Hasan MM, Hashi A, Hassan S, Hassan A, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Havmoeller RJ, Hay SI, Hayat K, Heidari G, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Hendrie D, Herteliu C, Hird TR, Ho HC, Hole MK, Holla R, Hollingsworth B, Hoogar P, Hopf KP, Horita N, Hossain N, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hsieh VCR, Hu G, Huda TM, Humayun A, Hwang BF, Iavicoli I, Ibitoye SE, Ikeda N, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Inbaraj LR, Iqbal U, Irvani SSN, Irvine CMS, Islam MM, Islam SMS, Islami F, Iso H, Iwu CJ, Iwu CCD, Jaafari J, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Jafarinia M, Jahagirdar D, Jahani MA, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, Janjani H, Javaheri T, Jayatilleke AU, Jenabi E, Jha RP, Jha V, Ji JS, Jia P, John-Akinola YO, Jonas JB, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, Kabir Z, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kamath AM, Kanchan T, Kapoor N, Karami Matin B, Karanikolos M, Karimi SM, Kassebaum NJ, Katikireddi SV, Kayode GA, Keiyoro PN, Khader YS, Khammarnia M, Khan M, Khan EA, Khang YH, Khatab K, Khater AM, Khater MM, Khatib MN, Khayamzadeh M, Khubchandani J, Kianipour N, Kim YE, Kim YJ, Kimokoti RW, Kinfu Y, Kisa A, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Kivimäki M, Kneib CJ, Kocarnik JM, Kochhar S, Kohler S, Kopec JA, Korotkova AV, Korshunov VA, Kosen S, Kotlo A, Koul PA, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Krohn KJ, Kugbey N, Kulkarni V, Kumar GA, Kumar N, Kumar M, Kurmi OP, Kusuma D, Kyu HH, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Lal DK, Lalloo R, Landires I, Lansingh VC, Larsson AO, Lasrado S, Lau KMM, Lauriola P, Lazarus JV, Ledesma JR, Lee PH, Lee SWH, Leever AT, LeGrand KE, Leigh J, Leonardi M, Li S, Lim SS, Lim LL, Liu X, Logroscino G, Lopez AD, Lopukhov PD, Lotufo PA, Lu A, Ma J, Madadin M, Mahasha PW, Mahmoudi M, Majeed A, Malagón-Rojas JN, Maleki S, Malta DC, Mansouri B, Mansournia MA, Martini S, Martins-Melo FR, Martopullo I, Massenburg BB, Mastrogiacomo CI, Mathur MR, McAlinden C, McKee M, Medina-Solís CE, Meharie BG, Mehndiratta MM, Mehrabi Nasab E, Mehri F, Mehrotra R, Mekonnen T, Melese A, Memiah PTN, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mensah GA, Meretoja TJ, Meretoja A, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Michalek IM, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirzaei M, Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Mitchell PB, Moazen B, Moghadaszadeh M, Mohamadi E, Mohammad Y, Mohammad DK, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammed S, Mohammed JA, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Mondello S, Moradi M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradzadeh R, Moraga P, Morgado-da-Costa J, Morrison SD, Mosapour A, Mosser JF, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Muriithi MK, Mustafa G, Nabhan AF, Naderi M, Nagarajan AJ, Naghavi M, Naghshtabrizi B, Naimzada MD, Nangia V, Nansseu JR, Nayak VC, Nazari J, Ndejjo R, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Neupane S, Ngari KN, Nguefack-Tsague G, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen CT, Nguyen DN, Nguyen HLT, Nnaji CA, Nomura S, Norheim OF, Noubiap JJ, Nowak C, Nunez-Samudio V, Otoiu A, Ogbo FA, Oghenetega OB, Oh IH, Okunga EW, Oladnabi M, Olagunju AT, Olusanya JO, Olusanya BO, Oluwasanu MM, Omar Bali A, Omer MO, Ong KL, Onwujekwe OE, Ortega-Altamirano DVV, Ortiz A, Ostojic SM, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Øverland S, Owolabi MO, Padubidri JR, Pakhale S, Palladino R, Pana A, Panda-Jonas S, Pangaribuan HU, Pathak M, Patton GC, Paudel S, Pazoki Toroudi H, Pease SA, Peden AE, Pennini A, Peprah EK, Pereira J, Pigott DM, Pilgrim T, Pilz TM, Pinheiro M, Piradov MA, Pirsaheb M, Pokhrel KN, Postma MJ, Pourjafar H, Pourmalek F, Pourmirza Kalhori R, Pourshams A, Prada SI, Pribadi DRA, Pupillo E, Quazi Syed Z, Radfar A, Rafiee A, Rafiei A, Raggi A, Rahim F, Rahman MA, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Rana SM, Ranabhat CL, Rao SJ, Rasella D, Rashedi V, Rath GK, Rathi P, Rawaf S, Rawaf DL, Rawal L, Rawassizadeh R, Razo C, Renjith V, Renzaho AMN, Reshmi B, Rezaei N, Riahi SM, Ribeiro DC, Rickard J, Roberts NLS, Roever L, Romoli M, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Rubagotti E, Rwegerera GM, Sabour S, Sachdev PS, Saddik B, Sadeghi M, Sadeghi E, Safari Y, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian MA, Sajadi SM, Salahshoor MR, Salem MRR, Salem H, Salomon J, Samadi Kafil H, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Santric-Milicevic MM, Saraswathy SYI, Sarmiento-Suárez R, Sartorius B, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sathish T, Sattin D, Savic M, Sawyer SM, Saxena D, Sbarra AN, Schaeffer LE, Schiavolin S, Schmidt MI, Schutte AE, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Seedat S, Sha F, Shahabi S, Shaheen AA, Shaikh MA, Shamsizadeh M, Shannawaz M, Sharafi K, Sharara F, Sharifi H, Shaw DH, Sheikh A, Sheikhtaheri A, Shetty BSK, Shibuya K, Shiferaw WS, Shigematsu M, Shin JI, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shivakumar KM, Shrime MG, Shuval K, Siabani S, Sierpinski R, Sigfusdottir ID, Sigurvinsdottir R, Silva DAS, Silva JP, Simonetti B, Simpson KE, Singh JA, Singh P, Sinha DN, Skryabin VY, Smith EUR, Soheili A, Soltani S, Soofi M, Sorensen RJ, Soriano JB, Sorrie MB, Soyiri IN, Spurlock EE, Sreeramareddy CT, Stanaway JD, Steel N, Stein C, Stokes MA, Sufiyan MB, Suleria HAR, Sultan I, Szumowski Ł, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabuchi T, Tadakamadla SK, Taddele BW, Tadesse DB, Taherkhani A, Tamiru AT, Tanser FC, Tareque MI, Tarigan IU, Teagle WL, Tediosi F, Tefera YGG, Tela FG, Tessema ZT, Thakur B, Titova MV, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Topouzis F, Tovani-Palone MRR, Tran BX, Travillian R, Troeger CE, Tudor Car L, Uddin R, Ullah I, Umeokonkwo CD, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Uthman OA, Vacante M, Valdez PR, Varughese S, Vasankari TJ, Vasseghian Y, Venketasubramanian N, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vollset SE, Vongpradith A, Vos T, Waheed Y, Walters MK, Wamai RG, Wang H, Wang YP, Weintraub RG, Weiss J, Werdecker A, Westerman R, Wilner LB, Woldu G, Wolfe CDA, Wu AM, Wulf Hanson S, Xie Y, Xu R, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yamagishi K, Yano Y, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yearwood JA, Yeshitila YG, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yousefi Z, Yousefinezhadi T, Yusefzadeh H, Zadey S, Zahirian Moghadam T, Zaidi SS, Zaki L, Zaman SB, Zamani M, Zamanian M, Zandian H, Zastrozhin MS, Zewdie KA, Zhang Y, Zhao XJG, Zhao Y, Zheng P, Zhu C, Ziapour A, Zlavog BS, Zodpey S, Murray CJL. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020; 396:1250-1284. [PMID: 32861314 PMCID: PMC7562819 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30750-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages. METHODS Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (≥65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0-100 based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UHC effective coverage performance on the basis of pooled health spending per capita, representing UHC effective coverage index levels achieved in 2019 relative to country-level government health spending, prepaid private expenditures, and development assistance for health. To assess current trajectories towards the GPW13 UHC billion target-1 billion more people benefiting from UHC by 2023-we estimated additional population equivalents with UHC effective coverage from 2018 to 2023. FINDINGS Globally, performance on the UHC effective coverage index improved from 45·8 (95% uncertainty interval 44·2-47·5) in 1990 to 60·3 (58·7-61·9) in 2019, yet country-level UHC effective coverage in 2019 still spanned from 95 or higher in Japan and Iceland to lower than 25 in Somalia and the Central African Republic. Since 2010, sub-Saharan Africa showed accelerated gains on the UHC effective coverage index (at an average increase of 2·6% [1·9-3·3] per year up to 2019); by contrast, most other GBD super-regions had slowed rates of progress in 2010-2019 relative to 1990-2010. Many countries showed lagging performance on effective coverage indicators for non-communicable diseases relative to those for communicable diseases and maternal and child health, despite non-communicable diseases accounting for a greater proportion of potential health gains in 2019, suggesting that many health systems are not keeping pace with the rising non-communicable disease burden and associated population health needs. In 2019, the UHC effective coverage index was associated with pooled health spending per capita (r=0·79), although countries across the development spectrum had much lower UHC effective coverage than is potentially achievable relative to their health spending. Under maximum efficiency of translating health spending into UHC effective coverage performance, countries would need to reach $1398 pooled health spending per capita (US$ adjusted for purchasing power parity) in order to achieve 80 on the UHC effective coverage index. From 2018 to 2023, an estimated 388·9 million (358·6-421·3) more population equivalents would have UHC effective coverage, falling well short of the GPW13 target of 1 billion more people benefiting from UHC during this time. Current projections point to an estimated 3·1 billion (3·0-3·2) population equivalents still lacking UHC effective coverage in 2023, with nearly a third (968·1 million [903·5-1040·3]) residing in south Asia. INTERPRETATION The present study demonstrates the utility of measuring effective coverage and its role in supporting improved health outcomes for all people-the ultimate goal of UHC and its achievement. Global ambitions to accelerate progress on UHC service coverage are increasingly unlikely unless concerted action on non-communicable diseases occurs and countries can better translate health spending into improved performance. Focusing on effective coverage and accounting for the world's evolving health needs lays the groundwork for better understanding how close-or how far-all populations are in benefiting from UHC. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
59
|
Vos T, Lim SS, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abbasi M, Abbasifard M, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A, Abdollahi M, Abdollahpour I, Abolhassani H, Aboyans V, Abrams EM, Abreu LG, Abrigo MRM, Abu-Raddad LJ, Abushouk AI, Acebedo A, Ackerman IN, Adabi M, Adamu AA, Adebayo OM, Adekanmbi V, Adelson JD, Adetokunboh OO, Adham D, Afshari M, Afshin A, Agardh EE, Agarwal G, Agesa KM, Aghaali M, Aghamir SMK, Agrawal A, Ahmad T, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi M, Ahmadieh H, Ahmadpour E, Akalu TY, Akinyemi RO, Akinyemiju T, Akombi B, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam N, Alam S, Alam T, Alanzi TM, Albertson SB, Alcalde-Rabanal JE, Alema NM, Ali M, Ali S, Alicandro G, Alijanzadeh M, Alinia C, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Alla F, Allebeck P, Almasi-Hashiani A, Alonso J, Al-Raddadi RM, Altirkawi KA, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Amini S, Amini-Rarani M, Aminorroaya A, Amiri F, Amit AML, Amugsi DA, Amul GGH, Anderlini D, Andrei CL, Andrei T, Anjomshoa M, Ansari F, Ansari I, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Antonio CAT, Antony CM, Antriyandarti E, Anvari D, Anwer R, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Aravkin AY, Ariani F, Ärnlöv J, Aryal KK, Arzani A, Asadi-Aliabadi M, Asadi-Pooya AA, Asghari B, Ashbaugh C, Atnafu DD, Atre SR, Ausloos F, Ausloos M, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayano G, Ayanore MA, Aynalem YA, Azari S, Azarian G, Azene ZN, Babaee E, Badawi A, Bagherzadeh M, Bakhshaei MH, Bakhtiari A, Balakrishnan S, Balalla S, Balassyano S, Banach M, Banik PC, Bannick MS, Bante AB, Baraki AG, Barboza MA, Barker-Collo SL, Barthelemy CM, Barua L, Barzegar A, Basu S, Baune BT, Bayati M, Bazmandegan G, Bedi N, Beghi E, Béjot Y, Bello AK, Bender RG, Bennett DA, Bennitt FB, Bensenor IM, Benziger CP, Berhe K, Bernabe E, Bertolacci GJ, Bhageerathy R, Bhala N, Bhandari D, Bhardwaj P, Bhattacharyya K, Bhutta ZA, Bibi S, Biehl MH, Bikbov B, Bin Sayeed MS, Biondi A, Birihane BM, Bisanzio D, Bisignano C, Biswas RK, Bohlouli S, Bohluli M, Bolla SRR, Boloor A, Boon-Dooley AS, Borges G, Borzì AM, Bourne R, Brady OJ, Brauer M, Brayne C, Breitborde NJK, Brenner H, Briant PS, Briggs AM, Briko NI, Britton GB, Bryazka D, Buchbinder R, Bumgarner BR, Busse R, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Cámera LLAA, Campos-Nonato IR, Car J, Cárdenas R, Carreras G, Carrero JJ, Carvalho F, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castelpietra G, Castle CD, Castro F, Catalá-López F, Causey K, Cederroth CR, Cercy KM, Cerin E, Chandan JS, Chang AR, Charlson FJ, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi S, Chimed-Ochir O, Chin KL, Cho DY, Christensen H, Chu DT, Chung MT, Cicuttini FM, Ciobanu LG, Cirillo M, Collins EL, Compton K, Conti S, Cortesi PA, Costa VM, Cousin E, Cowden RG, Cowie BC, Cromwell EA, Cross DH, Crowe CS, Cruz JA, Cunningham M, Dahlawi SMA, Damiani G, Dandona L, Dandona R, Darwesh AM, Daryani A, Das JK, Das Gupta R, das Neves J, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Davletov K, De Leo D, Dean FE, DeCleene NK, Deen A, Degenhardt L, Dellavalle RP, Demeke FM, Demsie DG, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dereje ND, Dervenis N, Desai R, Desalew A, Dessie GA, Dharmaratne SD, Dhungana GP, Dianatinasab M, Diaz D, Dibaji Forooshani ZS, Dingels ZV, Dirac MA, Djalalinia S, Do HT, Dokova K, Dorostkar F, Doshi CP, Doshmangir L, Douiri A, Doxey MC, Driscoll TR, Dunachie SJ, Duncan BB, Duraes AR, Eagan AW, Ebrahimi Kalan M, Edvardsson D, Ehrlich JR, El Nahas N, El Sayed I, El Tantawi M, Elbarazi I, Elgendy IY, Elhabashy HR, El-Jaafary SI, Elyazar IRF, Emamian MH, Emmons-Bell S, Erskine HE, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Esmaeilnejad S, Esmaeilzadeh F, Esteghamati A, Estep K, Etemadi A, Etisso AE, Farahmand M, Faraj A, Fareed M, Faridnia R, Farinha CSES, Farioli A, Faro A, Faruque M, Farzadfar F, Fattahi N, Fazlzadeh M, Feigin VL, Feldman R, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes E, Ferrari AJ, Ferreira ML, Filip I, Fischer F, Fisher JL, Fitzgerald R, Flohr C, Flor LS, Foigt NA, Folayan MO, Force LM, Fornari C, Foroutan M, Fox JT, Freitas M, Fu W, Fukumoto T, Furtado JM, Gad MM, Gakidou E, Galles NC, Gallus S, Gamkrelidze A, Garcia-Basteiro AL, Gardner WM, Geberemariyam BS, Gebrehiwot AM, Gebremedhin KB, Gebreslassie AAAA, Gershberg Hayoon A, Gething PW, Ghadimi M, Ghadiri K, Ghafourifard M, Ghajar A, Ghamari F, Ghashghaee A, Ghiasvand H, Ghith N, Gholamian A, Gilani SA, Gill PS, Gitimoghaddam M, Giussani G, Goli S, Gomez RS, Gopalani SV, Gorini G, Gorman TM, Gottlich HC, Goudarzi H, Goulart AC, Goulart BNG, Grada A, Grivna M, Grosso G, Gubari MIM, Gugnani HC, Guimaraes ALS, Guimarães RA, Guled RA, Guo G, Guo Y, Gupta R, Haagsma JA, Haddock B, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hafiz A, Hagins H, Haile LM, Hall BJ, Halvaei I, Hamadeh RR, Hamagharib Abdullah K, Hamilton EB, Han C, Han H, Hankey GJ, Haro JM, Harvey JD, Hasaballah AI, Hasanzadeh A, Hashemian M, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Havmoeller RJ, Hay RJ, Hay SI, Hayat K, Heidari B, Heidari G, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Hendrie D, Henrikson HJ, Henry NJ, Herteliu C, Heydarpour F, Hird TR, Hoek HW, Hole MK, Holla R, Hoogar P, Hosgood HD, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hoy DG, Hsairi M, Hsieh VCR, Hu G, Huda TM, Hugo FN, Huynh CK, Hwang BF, Iannucci VC, Ibitoye SE, Ikuta KS, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Inbaraj LR, Ippolito H, Irvani SSN, Islam MM, Islam M, Islam SMS, Islami F, Iso H, Ivers RQ, Iwu CCD, Iyamu IO, Jaafari J, Jacobsen KH, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Jafari H, Jafarinia M, Jahagirdar D, Jahani MA, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, Jalali A, Jalilian F, James SL, Janjani H, Janodia MD, Jayatilleke AU, Jeemon P, Jenabi E, Jha RP, Jha V, Ji JS, Jia P, John O, John-Akinola YO, Johnson CO, Johnson SC, Jonas JB, Joo T, Joshi A, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kalani H, Kalani R, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kamiab Z, Kanchan T, Karami Matin B, Karch A, Karim MA, Karimi SE, Kassa GM, Kassebaum NJ, Katikireddi SV, Kawakami N, Kayode GA, Keddie SH, Keller C, Kereselidze M, Khafaie MA, Khalid N, Khan M, Khatab K, Khater MM, Khatib MN, Khayamzadeh M, Khodayari MT, Khundkar R, Kianipour N, Kieling C, Kim D, Kim YE, Kim YJ, Kimokoti RW, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Kivimäki M, Kneib CJ, Knudsen AKS, Kocarnik JM, Kolola T, Kopec JA, Kosen S, Koul PA, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko MA, Krishan K, Krohn KJ, Kuate Defo B, Kucuk Bicer B, Kumar GA, Kumar M, Kumar P, Kumar V, Kumaresh G, Kurmi OP, Kusuma D, Kyu HH, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Lal DK, Lalloo R, Lam JO, Lami FH, Landires I, Lang JJ, Lansingh VC, Larson SL, Larsson AO, Lasrado S, Lassi ZS, Lau KMM, Lavados PM, Lazarus JV, Ledesma JR, Lee PH, Lee SWH, LeGrand KE, Leigh J, Leonardi M, Lescinsky H, Leung J, Levi M, Lewington S, Li S, Lim LL, Lin C, Lin RT, Linehan C, Linn S, Liu HC, Liu S, Liu Z, Looker KJ, Lopez AD, Lopukhov PD, Lorkowski S, Lotufo PA, Lucas TCD, Lugo A, Lunevicius R, Lyons RA, Ma J, MacLachlan JH, Maddison ER, Maddison R, Madotto F, Mahasha PW, Mai HT, Majeed A, Maled V, Maleki S, Malekzadeh R, Malta DC, Mamun AA, Manafi A, Manafi N, Manguerra H, Mansouri B, Mansournia MA, Mantilla Herrera AM, Maravilla JC, Marks A, Martins-Melo FR, Martopullo I, Masoumi SZ, Massano J, Massenburg BB, Mathur MR, Maulik PK, McAlinden C, McGrath JJ, McKee M, Mehndiratta MM, Mehri F, Mehta KM, Meitei WB, Memiah PTN, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha EW, Mengesha MB, Mereke A, Meretoja A, Meretoja TJ, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Michalek IM, Mihretie KM, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei M, Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Misganaw AT, Mithra P, Moazen B, Moghadaszadeh M, Mohamadi E, Mohammad DK, Mohammad Y, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Molokhia M, Momen NC, Monasta L, Mondello S, Mooney MD, Moosazadeh M, Moradi G, Moradi M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradzadeh R, Moraga P, Morales L, Morawska L, Moreno Velásquez I, Morgado-da-Costa J, Morrison SD, Mosser JF, Mouodi S, Mousavi SM, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Mueller UO, Munro SB, Muriithi MK, Musa KI, Muthupandian S, Naderi M, Nagarajan AJ, Nagel G, Naghshtabrizi B, Nair S, Nandi AK, Nangia V, Nansseu JR, Nayak VC, Nazari J, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Netsere HBN, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen CT, Nguyen J, Nguyen M, Nguyen M, Nichols E, Nigatu D, Nigatu YT, Nikbakhsh R, Nixon MR, Nnaji CA, Nomura S, Norrving B, Noubiap JJ, Nowak C, Nunez-Samudio V, Oţoiu A, Oancea B, Odell CM, Ogbo FA, Oh IH, Okunga EW, Oladnabi M, Olagunju AT, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Oluwasanu MM, Omar Bali A, Omer MO, Ong KL, Onwujekwe OE, Orji AU, Orpana HM, Ortiz A, Ostroff SM, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Øverland S, Owolabi MO, P A M, Padubidri JR, Pakhare AP, Palladino R, Pana A, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Park EK, Parmar PGK, Pasupula DK, Patel SK, Paternina-Caicedo AJ, Pathak A, Pathak M, Patten SB, Patton GC, Paudel D, Pazoki Toroudi H, Peden AE, Pennini A, Pepito VCF, Peprah EK, Pereira A, Pereira DM, Perico N, Pham HQ, Phillips MR, Pigott DM, Pilgrim T, Pilz TM, Pirsaheb M, Plana-Ripoll O, Plass D, Pokhrel KN, Polibin RV, Polinder S, Polkinghorne KR, Postma MJ, Pourjafar H, Pourmalek F, Pourmirza Kalhori R, Pourshams A, Poznańska A, Prada SI, Prakash V, Pribadi DRA, Pupillo E, Quazi Syed Z, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafiee A, Rafiei A, Raggi A, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Rahman MA, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Rajati F, Ramezanzadeh K, Ranabhat CL, Rao PC, Rao SJ, Rasella D, Rastogi P, Rathi P, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Razo C, Redford SB, Reiner RC, Reinig N, Reitsma MB, Remuzzi G, Renjith V, Renzaho AMN, Resnikoff S, Rezaei N, Rezai MS, Rezapour A, Rhinehart PA, Riahi SM, Ribeiro ALP, Ribeiro DC, Ribeiro D, Rickard J, Roberts NLS, Roberts S, Robinson SR, Roever L, Rolfe S, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Roth GA, Rubagotti E, Rumisha SF, Sabour S, Sachdev PS, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Sadeghi M, Saeidi S, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian MA, Sajadi SM, Salahshoor MR, Salamati P, Salehi Zahabi S, Salem H, Salem MRR, Salimzadeh H, Salomon JA, Salz I, Samad Z, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Santomauro DF, Santos IS, Santos JV, Santric-Milicevic MM, Saraswathy SYI, Sarmiento-Suárez R, Sarrafzadegan N, Sartorius B, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sathish T, Sattin D, Sbarra AN, Schaeffer LE, Schiavolin S, Schmidt MI, Schutte AE, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Senbeta AM, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Shackelford KA, Shadid J, Shahabi S, Shaheen AA, Shaikh MA, Shalash AS, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsizadeh M, Shannawaz M, Sharafi K, Sharara F, Sheena BS, Sheikhtaheri A, Shetty RS, Shibuya K, Shiferaw WS, Shigematsu M, Shin JI, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shrime MG, Shuval K, Siabani S, Sigfusdottir ID, Sigurvinsdottir R, Silva JP, Simpson KE, Singh A, Singh JA, Skiadaresi E, Skou ST, Skryabin VY, Sobngwi E, Sokhan A, Soltani S, Sorensen RJD, Soriano JB, Sorrie MB, Soyiri IN, Sreeramareddy CT, Stanaway JD, Stark BA, Ştefan SC, Stein C, Steiner C, Steiner TJ, Stokes MA, Stovner LJ, Stubbs JL, Sudaryanto A, Sufiyan MB, Sulo G, Sultan I, Sykes BL, Sylte DO, Szócska M, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabb KM, Tadakamadla SK, Taherkhani A, Tajdini M, Takahashi K, Taveira N, Teagle WL, Teame H, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Teklehaimanot BF, Terrason S, Tessema ZT, Thankappan KR, Thomson AM, Tohidinik HR, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Torre AE, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MRR, Tran BX, Travillian R, Troeger CE, Truelsen TC, Tsai AC, Tsatsakis A, Tudor Car L, Tyrovolas S, Uddin R, Ullah S, Undurraga EA, Unnikrishnan B, Vacante M, Vakilian A, Valdez PR, Varughese S, Vasankari TJ, Vasseghian Y, Venketasubramanian N, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vollset SE, Vongpradith A, Vukovic A, Vukovic R, Waheed Y, Walters MK, Wang J, Wang Y, Wang YP, Ward JL, Watson A, Wei J, Weintraub RG, Weiss DJ, Weiss J, Westerman R, Whisnant JL, Whiteford HA, Wiangkham T, Wiens KE, Wijeratne T, Wilner LB, Wilson S, Wojtyniak B, Wolfe CDA, Wool EE, Wu AM, Wulf Hanson S, Wunrow HY, Xu G, Xu R, Yadgir S, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yamagishi K, Yaminfirooz M, Yano Y, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yearwood JA, Yeheyis TY, Yeshitila YG, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Yoosefi Lebni J, Younis MZ, Younker TP, Yousefi Z, Yousefifard M, Yousefinezhadi T, Yousuf AY, Yu C, Yusefzadeh H, Zahirian Moghadam T, Zaki L, Zaman SB, Zamani M, Zamanian M, Zandian H, Zangeneh A, Zastrozhin MS, Zewdie KA, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhao JT, Zhao Y, Zheng P, Zhou M, Ziapour A, Zimsen SRM, Naghavi M, Murray CJL. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020; 396:1204-1222. [PMID: 33069326 PMCID: PMC7567026 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6299] [Impact Index Per Article: 1574.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. METHODS GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. FINDINGS Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990-2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0-9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10-24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10-24 years were also in the top ten in the 25-49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50-74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. INTERPRETATION As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and development investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
60
|
Murray CJL, Aravkin AY, Zheng P, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A, Abdollahi M, Abdollahpour I, Abegaz KH, Abolhassani H, Aboyans V, Abreu LG, Abrigo MRM, Abualhasan A, Abu-Raddad LJ, Abushouk AI, Adabi M, Adekanmbi V, Adeoye AM, Adetokunboh OO, Adham D, Advani SM, Agarwal G, Aghamir SMK, Agrawal A, Ahmad T, Ahmadi K, Ahmadi M, Ahmadieh H, Ahmed MB, Akalu TY, Akinyemi RO, Akinyemiju T, Akombi B, Akunna CJ, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam S, Alam T, Alanezi FM, Alanzi TM, Alemu BW, Alhabib KF, Ali M, Ali S, Alicandro G, Alinia C, Alipour V, Alizade H, Aljunid SM, Alla F, Allebeck P, Almasi-Hashiani A, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Alonso J, Altirkawi KA, Amini-Rarani M, Amiri F, Amugsi DA, Ancuceanu R, Anderlini D, Anderson JA, Andrei CL, Andrei T, Angus C, Anjomshoa M, Ansari F, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Antonazzo IC, Antonio CAT, Antony CM, Antriyandarti E, Anvari D, Anwer R, Appiah SCY, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Ariani F, Armoon B, Ärnlöv J, Arzani A, Asadi-Aliabadi M, Asadi-Pooya AA, Ashbaugh C, Assmus M, Atafar Z, Atnafu DD, Atout MMW, Ausloos F, Ausloos M, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayano G, Ayanore MA, Azari S, Azarian G, Azene ZN, Badawi A, Badiye AD, Bahrami MA, Bakhshaei MH, Bakhtiari A, Bakkannavar SM, Baldasseroni A, Ball K, Ballew SH, Balzi D, Banach M, Banerjee SK, Bante AB, Baraki AG, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen TW, Barrero LH, Barthelemy CM, Barua L, Basu S, Baune BT, Bayati M, Becker JS, Bedi N, Beghi E, Béjot Y, Bell ML, Bennitt FB, Bensenor IM, Berhe K, Berman AE, Bhagavathula AS, Bhageerathy R, Bhala N, Bhandari D, Bhattacharyya K, Bhutta ZA, Bijani A, Bikbov B, Bin Sayeed MS, Biondi A, Birihane BM, Bisignano C, Biswas RK, Bitew H, Bohlouli S, Bohluli M, Boon-Dooley AS, Borges G, Borzì AM, Borzouei S, Bosetti C, Boufous S, Braithwaite D, Breitborde NJK, Breitner S, Brenner H, Briant PS, Briko AN, Briko NI, Britton GB, Bryazka D, Bumgarner BR, Burkart K, Burnett RT, Burugina Nagaraja S, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Cahill LE, Cámera LLAA, Campos-Nonato IR, Cárdenas R, Carreras G, Carrero JJ, Carvalho F, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castelpietra G, Castro F, Causey K, Cederroth CR, Cercy KM, Cerin E, Chandan JS, Chang KL, Charlson FJ, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi S, Cherbuin N, Chimed-Ochir O, Cho DY, Choi JYJ, Christensen H, Chu DT, Chung MT, Chung SC, Cicuttini FM, Ciobanu LG, Cirillo M, Classen TKD, Cohen AJ, Compton K, Cooper OR, Costa VM, Cousin E, Cowden RG, Cross DH, Cruz JA, Dahlawi SMA, Damasceno AAM, Damiani G, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dangel WJ, Danielsson AK, Dargan PI, Darwesh AM, Daryani A, Das JK, Das Gupta R, das Neves J, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Davitoiu DV, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, DeLang M, Dellavalle RP, Demeke FM, Demoz GT, Demsie DG, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dervenis N, Dhungana GP, Dianatinasab M, Dias da Silva D, Diaz D, Dibaji Forooshani ZS, Djalalinia S, Do HT, Dokova K, Dorostkar F, Doshmangir L, Driscoll TR, Duncan BB, Duraes AR, Eagan AW, Edvardsson D, El Nahas N, El Sayed I, El Tantawi M, Elbarazi I, Elgendy IY, El-Jaafary SI, Elyazar IRF, Emmons-Bell S, Erskine HE, Eskandarieh S, Esmaeilnejad S, Esteghamati A, Estep K, Etemadi A, Etisso AE, Fanzo J, Farahmand M, Fareed M, Faridnia R, Farioli A, Faro A, Faruque M, Farzadfar F, Fattahi N, Fazlzadeh M, Feigin VL, Feldman R, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes E, Ferrara G, Ferrari AJ, Ferreira ML, Filip I, Fischer F, Fisher JL, Flor LS, Foigt NA, Folayan MO, Fomenkov AA, Force LM, Foroutan M, Franklin RC, Freitas M, Fu W, Fukumoto T, Furtado JM, Gad MM, Gakidou E, Gallus S, Garcia-Basteiro AL, Gardner WM, Geberemariyam BS, Gebreslassie AAAA, Geremew A, Gershberg Hayoon A, Gething PW, Ghadimi M, Ghadiri K, Ghaffarifar F, Ghafourifard M, Ghamari F, Ghashghaee A, Ghiasvand H, Ghith N, Gholamian A, Ghosh R, Gill PS, Ginindza TGG, Giussani G, Gnedovskaya EV, Goharinezhad S, Gopalani SV, Gorini G, Goudarzi H, Goulart AC, Greaves F, Grivna M, Grosso G, Gubari MIM, Gugnani HC, Guimarães RA, Guled RA, Guo G, Guo Y, Gupta R, Gupta T, Haddock B, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hafiz A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hall BJ, Halvaei I, Hamadeh RR, Hamidi S, Hammer MS, Hankey GJ, Haririan H, Haro JM, Hasaballah AI, Hasan MM, Hasanpoor E, Hashi A, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Havmoeller RJ, Hay SI, Hayat K, Heidari G, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Henrikson HJ, Herbert ME, Herteliu C, Heydarpour F, Hird TR, Hoek HW, Holla R, Hoogar P, Hosgood HD, Hossain N, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hsairi M, Hsieh VCR, Hu G, Hu K, Huda TM, Humayun A, Huynh CK, Hwang BF, Iannucci VC, Ibitoye SE, Ikeda N, Ikuta KS, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Inbaraj LR, Ippolito H, Iqbal U, Irvani SSN, Irvine CMS, Islam MM, Islam SMS, Iso H, Ivers RQ, Iwu CCD, Iwu CJ, Iyamu IO, Jaafari J, Jacobsen KH, Jafari H, Jafarinia M, Jahani MA, Jakovljevic M, Jalilian F, James SL, Janjani H, Javaheri T, Javidnia J, Jeemon P, Jenabi E, Jha RP, Jha V, Ji JS, Johansson L, John O, John-Akinola YO, Johnson CO, Jonas JB, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kalani H, Kalani R, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kanchan T, Kapoor N, Karami Matin B, Karch A, Karim MA, Kassa GM, Katikireddi SV, Kayode GA, Kazemi Karyani A, Keiyoro PN, Keller C, Kemmer L, Kendrick PJ, Khalid N, Khammarnia M, Khan EA, Khan M, Khatab K, Khater MM, Khatib MN, Khayamzadeh M, Khazaei S, Kieling C, Kim YJ, Kimokoti RW, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kivimäki M, Knibbs LD, Knudsen AKS, Kocarnik JM, Kochhar S, Kopec JA, Korshunov VA, Koul PA, Koyanagi A, Kraemer MUG, Krishan K, Krohn KJ, Kromhout H, Kuate Defo B, Kumar GA, Kumar V, Kurmi OP, Kusuma D, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Lal DK, Lalloo R, Lallukka T, Lami FH, Landires I, Lang JJ, Langan SM, Larsson AO, Lasrado S, Lauriola P, Lazarus JV, Lee PH, Lee SWH, LeGrand KE, Leigh J, Leonardi M, Lescinsky H, Leung J, Levi M, Li S, Lim LL, Linn S, Liu S, Liu S, Liu Y, Lo J, Lopez AD, Lopez JCF, Lopukhov PD, Lorkowski S, Lotufo PA, Lu A, Lugo A, Maddison ER, Mahasha PW, Mahdavi MM, Mahmoudi M, Majeed A, Maleki A, Maleki S, Malekzadeh R, Malta DC, Mamun AA, Manda AL, Manguerra H, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mansouri B, Mansournia MA, Mantilla Herrera AM, Maravilla JC, Marks A, Martin RV, Martini S, Martins-Melo FR, Masaka A, Masoumi SZ, Mathur MR, Matsushita K, Maulik PK, McAlinden C, McGrath JJ, McKee M, Mehndiratta MM, Mehri F, Mehta KM, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha EW, Mereke A, Mereta ST, Meretoja A, Meretoja TJ, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Michalek IM, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Mini GK, Miri M, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei M, Mirzaei R, Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Misganaw AT, Mithra P, Moazen B, Mohammad DK, Mohammad Y, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed AS, Mohammed H, Mohammed JA, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Molokhia M, Monasta L, Mooney MD, Moradi G, Moradi M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradzadeh R, Moraga P, Morawska L, Morgado-da-Costa J, Morrison SD, Mosapour A, Mosser JF, Mouodi S, Mousavi SM, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Mueller UO, Mukhopadhyay S, Mullany EC, Musa KI, Muthupandian S, Nabhan AF, Naderi M, Nagarajan AJ, Nagel G, Naghavi M, Naghshtabrizi B, Naimzada MD, Najafi F, Nangia V, Nansseu JR, Naserbakht M, Nayak VC, Negoi I, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen CT, Nguyen HLT, Nguyen M, Nigatu YT, Nikbakhsh R, Nixon MR, Nnaji CA, Nomura S, Norrving B, Noubiap JJ, Nowak C, Nunez-Samudio V, Oţoiu A, Oancea B, Odell CM, Ogbo FA, Oh IH, Okunga EW, Oladnabi M, Olagunju AT, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Omer MO, Ong KL, Onwujekwe OE, Orpana HM, Ortiz A, Osarenotor O, Osei FB, Ostroff SM, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Øverland S, Owolabi MO, P A M, Padubidri JR, Palladino R, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Parry CDH, Pasovic M, Pasupula DK, Patel SK, Pathak M, Patten SB, Patton GC, Pazoki Toroudi H, Peden AE, Pennini A, Pepito VCF, Peprah EK, Pereira DM, Pesudovs K, Pham HQ, Phillips MR, Piccinelli C, Pilz TM, Piradov MA, Pirsaheb M, Plass D, Polinder S, Polkinghorne KR, Pond CD, Postma MJ, Pourjafar H, Pourmalek F, Poznańska A, Prada SI, Prakash V, Pribadi DRA, Pupillo E, Quazi Syed Z, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafiee A, Raggi A, Rahman MA, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Rajati F, Rakovac I, Ram P, Ramezanzadeh K, Ranabhat CL, Rao PC, Rao SJ, Rashedi V, Rathi P, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Rawassizadeh R, Rawat R, Razo C, Redford SB, Reiner RC, Reitsma MB, Remuzzi G, Renjith V, Renzaho AMN, Resnikoff S, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Rhinehart PA, Riahi SM, Ribeiro DC, Ribeiro D, Rickard J, Rivera JA, Roberts NLS, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Roever L, Ronfani L, Room R, Roshandel G, Roth GA, Rothenbacher D, Rubagotti E, Rwegerera GM, Sabour S, Sachdev PS, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Sadeghi M, Saeedi R, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Safari Y, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Sajadi SM, Salam N, Salamati P, Salem H, Salem MRR, Salimzadeh H, Salman OM, Salomon JA, Samad Z, Samadi Kafil H, Sambala EZ, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sánchez-Pimienta TG, Santomauro DF, Santos IS, Santos JV, Santric-Milicevic MM, Saraswathy SYI, Sarmiento-Suárez R, Sarrafzadegan N, Sartorius B, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sathish T, Sattin D, Saxena S, Schaeffer LE, Schiavolin S, Schlaich MP, Schmidt MI, Schutte AE, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Senbeta AM, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Serdar B, Serre ML, Shadid J, Shafaat O, Shahabi S, Shaheen AA, Shaikh MA, Shalash AS, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsizadeh M, Sharafi K, Sheikh A, Sheikhtaheri A, Shibuya K, Shield KD, Shigematsu M, Shin JI, Shin MJ, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shuval K, Siabani S, Sierpinski R, Sigfusdottir ID, Sigurvinsdottir R, Silva JP, Simpson KE, Singh JA, Singh P, Skiadaresi E, Skou ST, Skryabin VY, Smith EUR, Soheili A, Soltani S, Soofi M, Sorensen RJD, Soriano JB, Sorrie MB, Soshnikov S, Soyiri IN, Spencer CN, Spotin A, Sreeramareddy CT, Srinivasan V, Stanaway JD, Stein C, Stein DJ, Steiner C, Stockfelt L, Stokes MA, Straif K, Stubbs JL, Sufiyan MB, Suleria HAR, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sulo G, Sultan I, Szumowski Ł, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabb KM, Tabuchi T, Taherkhani A, Tajdini M, Takahashi K, Takala JS, Tamiru AT, Taveira N, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah MH, Tesema GA, Tessema ZT, Thurston GD, Titova MV, Tohidinik HR, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Topouzis F, Torre AE, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MRR, Tran BX, Travillian R, Tsatsakis A, Tudor Car L, Tyrovolas S, Uddin R, Umeokonkwo CD, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Vacante M, Valdez PR, van Donkelaar A, Vasankari TJ, Vasseghian Y, Veisani Y, Venketasubramanian N, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vollset SE, Vos T, Vukovic R, Waheed Y, Wallin MT, Wang Y, Wang YP, Watson A, Wei J, Wei MYW, Weintraub RG, Weiss J, Werdecker A, West JJ, Westerman R, Whisnant JL, Whiteford HA, Wiens KE, Wolfe CDA, Wozniak SS, Wu AM, Wu J, Wulf Hanson S, Xu G, Xu R, Yadgir S, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yamagishi K, Yaminfirooz M, Yano Y, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yeheyis TY, Yilgwan CS, Yilma MT, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Younker TP, Yousefi B, Yousefi Z, Yousefinezhadi T, Yousuf AY, Yu C, Yusefzadeh H, Zahirian Moghadam T, Zamani M, Zamanian M, Zandian H, Zastrozhin MS, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhao JT, Zhao XJG, Zhao Y, Zhou M, Ziapour A, Zimsen SRM, Brauer M, Afshin A, Lim SS. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020; 396:1223-1249. [PMID: 33069327 PMCID: PMC7566194 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3234] [Impact Index Per Article: 808.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. METHODS GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk-outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk-outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk-outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30 652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. FINDINGS The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 10·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·51-12·1) deaths (19·2% [16·9-21·3] of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 8·71 million (8·12-9·31) deaths (15·4% [14·6-16·2] of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253-350) DALYs (11·6% [10·3-13·1] of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0-9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10-24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25-49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50-74 years and 75 years and older. INTERPRETATION Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
61
|
Wang H, Abbas KM, Abbasifard M, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A, Abolhassani H, Abreu LG, Abrigo MRM, Abushouk AI, Adabi M, Adair T, Adebayo OM, Adedeji IA, Adekanmbi V, Adeoye AM, Adetokunboh OO, Advani SM, Afshin A, Aghaali M, Agrawal A, Ahmadi K, Ahmadieh H, Ahmed MB, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam T, Alanezi FM, Alanzi TM, Alcalde-Rabanal JE, Ali M, Alicandro G, Alijanzadeh M, Alinia C, Alipour V, Alizade H, Aljunid SM, Allebeck P, Almadi MAH, Almasi-Hashiani A, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Altirkawi KA, Alumran AK, Alvis-Guzman N, Amini-Rarani M, Aminorroaya A, Amit AML, Ancuceanu R, Andrei CL, Androudi S, Angus C, Anjomshoa M, Ansari F, Ansari I, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Antonio CAT, Antony CM, Anvari D, Appiah SCY, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Aravkin AY, Aremu O, Ärnlöv J, Aryal KK, Asadi-Pooya AA, Asgari S, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Atteraya MS, Ausloos M, Avila-Burgos L, Avokpaho EFGA, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayano G, Ayanore MA, Azarian G, Babaee E, Badiye AD, Bagli E, Bahrami MA, Bakhtiari A, Balassyano S, Banach M, Banik PC, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen TW, Barzegar A, Basu S, Baune BT, Bayati M, Bazmandegan G, Bedi N, Bell ML, Bennett DA, Bensenor IM, Berhe K, Berman AE, Bertolacci GJ, Bhageerathy R, Bhala N, Bhattacharyya K, Bhutta ZA, Bijani A, Biondi A, Bisanzio D, Bisignano C, Biswas RK, Bjørge T, Bohlouli S, Bohluli M, Bolla SRR, Borzì AM, Borzouei S, Brady OJ, Braithwaite D, Brauer M, Briko AN, Briko NI, Bumgarner BR, Burugina Nagaraja S, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Cai T, Callender CSKH, Cámera LLAA, Campos-Nonato IR, Cárdenas R, Carreras G, Carrero JJ, Carvalho F, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castelpietra G, Castro F, Catalá-López F, Cederroth CR, Cerin E, Chattu VK, Chin KL, Chu DT, Ciobanu LG, Cirillo M, Comfort H, Costa VM, Cowden RG, Cromwell EA, Croneberger AJ, Cunningham M, Dahlawi SMA, Damiani G, D'Amico E, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dargan PI, Darwesh AM, Daryani A, Das Gupta R, das Neves J, Davletov K, De Leo D, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Deribe K, Dervenis N, Desai R, Dhungana GP, Dias da Silva D, Diaz D, Dippenaar IN, Djalalinia S, Do HT, Dokova K, Doku DT, Dorostkar F, Doshi CP, Doshmangir L, Doyle KE, Dubljanin E, Duraes AR, Edvardsson D, Effiong A, El Sayed I, El Tantawi M, Elbarazi I, El-Jaafary SI, Emamian MH, Eskandarieh S, Esmaeilzadeh F, Estep K, Farahmand M, Faraj A, Fareed M, Faridnia R, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fattahi N, Fazaeli AA, Fazlzadeh M, Feigin VL, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes E, Ferreira ML, Filip I, Fischer F, Flohr C, Foigt NA, Folayan MO, Fomenkov AA, Freitas M, Fukumoto T, Fuller JE, Furtado JM, Gad MM, Gakidou E, Gallus S, Gebrehiwot AM, Gebremedhin KB, Gething PW, Ghamari F, Ghashghaee A, Gholamian A, Gilani SA, Gitimoghaddam M, Glushkova EV, Gnedovskaya EV, Gopalani SV, Goulart AC, Gugnani HC, Guo Y, Gupta R, Gupta SS, Haagsma JA, Haj-Mirzaian A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halvaei I, Hamadeh RR, Hamagharib Abdullah K, Han C, Handiso DW, Hankey GJ, Haririan H, Haro JM, Hasaballah AI, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Hay SI, Heibati B, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Henny K, Henry NJ, Herteliu C, Heydarpour F, Hole MK, Hoogar P, Hosgood HD, Hossain N, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hoy DG, Hu G, Huda TM, Ibitoye SE, Ikuta KS, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Imani-Nasab MH, Islam M, Iso H, Iwu CJ, Jaafari J, Jacobsen KH, Jahagirdar D, Jahanmehr N, Jalali A, Jalilian F, James SL, Janjani H, Jenabi E, Jha RP, Jha V, Ji JS, Jonas JB, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, Kabir Z, Kalani H, Kalankesh LR, Kamiab Z, Kanchan T, Kapoor N, Karch A, Karimi SE, Karimi SA, Kassebaum NJ, Katikireddi SV, Kawakami N, Kayode GA, Keiyoro PN, Keller C, Khader YS, Khalid N, Khan EA, Khan M, Khang YH, Khater AM, Khater MM, Khazaei S, Khazaie H, Khodayari MT, Khubchandani J, Kianipour N, Kim CI, Kim YE, Kim YJ, Kinfu Y, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Kivimäki M, Komaki H, Kopec JA, Kosen S, Koul PA, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko MA, Krishan K, Krohn KJ, Kuate Defo B, Kumar GA, Kumar M, Kumar P, Kumar V, Kusuma D, Kyu HH, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Lal DK, Lalloo R, Lami FH, Lansky S, Larson SL, Larsson AO, Lasrado S, Lassi ZS, Lazarus JV, Lee PH, Lee SWH, Leever AT, LeGrand KE, Leonardi M, Li S, Lim LL, Lim SS, Linn S, Lodha R, Logroscino G, Lopez AD, Lopukhov PD, Lotufo PA, Lozano R, Lu A, Lunevicius R, Madadin M, Maddison ER, Magdy Abd El Razek H, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Mahasha PW, Mahdavi MM, Malekzadeh R, Mamun AA, Manafi N, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mansouri B, Mansournia MA, Mapoma CC, Martini S, Martins-Melo FR, Masaka A, Mastrogiacomo CI, Mathur MR, May EA, McAlinden C, McGrath JJ, McKee M, Mehndiratta MM, Mehri F, Mehta KM, Meitei WB, Memiah PTN, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha EW, Mensah GA, Meretoja A, Meretoja TJ, Mestrovic T, Michalek IM, Mihretie KM, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Milne GJ, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei M, Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Misganaw AT, Moazen B, Moghadaszadeh M, Mohamadi E, Mohammad DK, Mohammad Y, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N, Mohammadbeigi A, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed H, Mohammed S, Mohebi F, Mohseni Bandpei MA, Mokari A, Mokdad AH, Momen NC, Monasta L, Mooney MD, Moradi G, Moradi M, Moradi-Joo M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradzadeh R, Moraga P, Moreno Velásquez I, Morgado-da-Costa J, Morrison SD, Mosser JF, Mouodi S, Mousavi SM, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Mueller UO, Musa KI, Muthupandian S, Nabavizadeh B, Naderi M, Nagarajan AJ, Naghavi M, Naghshtabrizi B, Naik G, Najafi F, Nangia V, Nansseu JR, Ndwandwe DE, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen HLT, Nguyen TH, Nigatu YT, Nikbakhsh R, Nikpoor AR, Nixon MR, Nnaji CA, Nomura S, Noubiap JJ, Nouraei Motlagh S, Nowak C, Oţoiu A, Odell CM, Oh IH, Oladnabi M, Olagunju AT, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Omar Bali A, Ong KL, Onwujekwe OE, Ortiz A, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Øverland S, Owolabi MO, P A M, Padubidri JR, Pakshir K, Palladino R, Pana A, Panda-Jonas S, Park J, Pasupula DK, Patel JR, Patel SK, Patton GC, Paulson KR, Pazoki Toroudi H, Pease SA, Peden AE, Pepito VCF, Peprah EK, Pereira A, Pereira DM, Perico N, Pigott DM, Pilgrim T, Pilz TM, Piradov MA, Pirsaheb M, Pokhrel KN, Postma MJ, Pourjafar H, Pourmalek F, Pourshams A, Poznańska A, Prada SI, Prakash S, Preotescu L, Quazi Syed Z, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafiei A, Raggi A, Rahman MA, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Ram P, Ranabhat CL, Rao SJ, Rasella D, Rashedi V, Rastogi P, Rathi P, Rawal L, Remuzzi G, Renjith V, Renzaho AMN, Resnikoff S, Rezaei N, Rezai MS, Rezapour A, Rickard J, Roever L, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Rostamian M, Rubagotti E, Rwegerera GM, Sabour S, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Sadeghi M, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Safari Y, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian MA, Sajadi SM, Salahshoor MR, Salama JS, Salamati P, Salem MRR, Salimi Y, Salomon JA, Salz I, Samad Z, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Santric-Milicevic MM, Saraswathy SYI, Sartorius B, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sathish T, Sattin D, Saylan M, Schaeffer LE, Schiavolin S, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Sekerija M, Senbeta AM, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Serván-Mori E, Shabani M, Shahabi S, Shahbaz M, Shaheen AA, Shaikh MA, Shalash AS, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsi M, Shamsizadeh M, Shannawaz M, Sharafi K, Sharafi Z, Sharara F, Sharma R, Shaw DH, Sheikh A, Shin JI, Shiri R, Shrime MG, Shuval K, Siabani S, Sigfusdottir ID, Sigurvinsdottir R, Silva DAS, Simonetti B, Simpson KE, Singh JA, Skiadaresi E, Skryabin VY, Soheili A, Sokhan A, Sorensen RJD, Soriano JB, Sorrie MB, Soyiri IN, Spurlock EE, Sreeramareddy CT, Stockfelt L, Stokes MA, Stubbs JL, Sudaryanto A, Sufiyan MB, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sykes BL, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabb KM, Tadakamadla SK, Taherkhani A, Tang M, Taveira N, Taylor HJ, Teagle WL, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Teklehaimanot BF, Tessema ZT, Thankappan KR, Thomas N, Thrift AG, Titova MV, Tohidinik HR, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Topouzis F, Tovani-Palone MRR, Traini E, Tran BX, Travillian R, Trias-Llimós S, Truelsen TC, Tudor Car L, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Vacante M, Vakilian A, Valdez PR, Valli A, Vardavas C, Vasankari TJ, Vasconcelos AMN, Vasseghian Y, Veisani Y, Venketasubramanian N, Vidale S, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vollset SE, Vos T, Vujcic IS, Vukovic A, Vukovic R, Waheed Y, Wallin MT, Walters MK, Wang H, Wang YP, Watson S, Wei J, Weiss J, Weldesamuel GT, Werdecker A, Westerman R, Whiteford HA, Wiangkham T, Wiens KE, Wijeratne T, Wiysonge CS, Wojtyniak B, Wolfe CDA, Wondmieneh AB, Wool EE, Wu AM, Wu J, Xu G, Yamada T, Yamagishi K, Yano Y, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yearwood JA, Yeheyis TY, Yilgwan CS, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Yoosefi Lebni J, York HW, Younis MZ, Younker TP, Yousefi Z, Yousefinezhadi T, Yousuf AY, Yusefzadeh H, Zahirian Moghadam T, Zakzuk J, Zaman SB, Zamani M, Zamanian M, Zandian H, Zhang ZJ, Zheng P, Zhou M, Ziapour A, Murray CJL. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020; 396:1160-1203. [PMID: 33069325 PMCID: PMC7566045 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 701] [Impact Index Per Article: 175.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. METHODS 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10-14 and 50-54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. FINDINGS The global TFR decreased from 2·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·66-2·79) in 2000 to 2·31 (2·17-2·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134·5 million (131·5-137·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139·6 million (133·0-146·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135·3 million (127·2-144·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27·1% (95% UI 26·4-27·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67·2 years (95% UI 66·8-67·6) in 2000 to 73·5 years (72·8-74·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50·7 million (49·5-51·9) in 2000 to 56·5 million (53·7-59·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9·6 million (9·1-10·3) in 2000 to 5·0 million (4·3-6·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25·7%, from 6·2 billion (6·0-6·3) in 2000 to 7·7 billion (7·5-8·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58·6 years (56·1-60·8) in 2000 to 63·5 years (60·8-66·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019. INTERPRETATION Over the past 20 years, fertility rates have been dropping steadily and life expectancy has been increasing, with few exceptions. Much of this change follows historical patterns linking social and economic determinants, such as those captured by the GBD Socio-demographic Index, with demographic outcomes. More recently, several countries have experienced a combination of low fertility and stagnating improvement in mortality rates, pushing more populations into the late stages of the demographic transition. Tracking demographic change and the emergence of new patterns will be essential for global health monitoring. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
62
|
Siders ZA, Ducharme-Barth ND, Carvalho F, Kobayashi D, Martin S, Raynor J, Jones TT, Ahrens RNM. Ensemble Random Forests as a tool for modeling rare occurrences. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2020. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Relative to target species, priority conservation species occur rarely in fishery interactions, resulting in imbalanced, overdispersed data. We present Ensemble Random Forests (ERFs) as an intuitive extension of the Random Forest algorithm to handle rare event bias. Each Random Forest receives individual stratified randomly sampled training/test sets, then down-samples the majority class for each decision tree. Results are averaged across Random Forests to generate an ensemble prediction. Through simulation, we show that ERFs outperform Random Forest with and without down-sampling, as well as with the synthetic minority over-sampling technique, for highly class imbalanced to balanced datasets. Spatial covariance greatly impacts ERFs’ perceived performance, as shown through simulation and case studies. In case studies from the Hawaii deep-set longline fishery, giant manta ray Mobula birostris syn. Manta birostris and scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini presence had high spatial covariance and high model test performance, while false killer whale Pseudorca crassidens had low spatial covariance and low model test performance. Overall, we find ERFs have 4 advantages: (1) reduced successive partitioning effects; (2) prediction uncertainty propagation; (3) better accounting for interacting covariates through balancing; and (4) minimization of false positives, as the majority of Random Forests within the ensemble vote correctly. As ERFs can readily mitigate rare event bias without requiring large presence sample sizes or imparting considerable balancing bias, they are likely to be a valuable tool in bycatch and species distribution modeling, as well as spatial conservation planning, especially for protected species where presence can be rare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ZA Siders
- UF/IFAS SFRC Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - ND Ducharme-Barth
- Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Pacific Community, Nouméa 98800, New Caledonia
| | - F Carvalho
- NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI 96818, USA
| | - D Kobayashi
- NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI 96818, USA
| | - S Martin
- NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI 96818, USA
| | - J Raynor
- Department of Economics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, USA
| | - TT Jones
- NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI 96818, USA
| | - RNM Ahrens
- NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI 96818, USA
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Coonen E, van Montfoort A, Carvalho F, Kokkali G, Moutou C, Rubio C, De Rycke M, Goossens V. ESHRE PGT Consortium data collection XVI-XVIII: cycles from 2013 to 2015. Hum Reprod Open 2020; 2020:hoaa043. [PMID: 33033756 PMCID: PMC7532546 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the trends and developments in preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) in 2013–2015 as compared to previous years? SUMMARY ANSWER The main trends observed in the retrospective data collections 2013–2015, representing valuable data on PGT activity in (mainly) Europe, are the increased application of trophectoderm biopsy at the cost of cleavage stage biopsy and the continuing expansion of comprehensive testing technology in PGT for chromosomal structural rearrangements and for aneuploidies (PGT-SR and PGT-A). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Since it was established in 1997, the ESHRE PGT Consortium has been collecting data from international PGT centres. To date, 15 data sets and an overview of the first 10 years of data collections have been published. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Collection of (mainly) European data by the PGT Consortium for ESHRE. The data for PGT cycles performed between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015 were provided by participating centres on a voluntary basis. For the collection of cycle, pregnancy and baby data, separate, pre-designed MS Excel tables were used. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Data were submitted by 59, 60 and 59 centres respectively for 2013, 2014 and 2015 (full PGT Consortium members). Records with incomplete or inconsistent data were excluded from the calculations. Corrections, calculations, figures and tables were made by expert co-authors. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE For data collection XVI/XVII/XVIII, 59/60/59 centres reported data on 8164/9769/11 120 cycles with oocyte retrieval: 5020/6278/7155 cycles for PGT-A, 2026/2243/2661 cycles for PGT for monogenic/single gene defects, 1039/1189/1231 cycles for PGT-SR and 79/59/73 cycles for sexing for X-linked diseases. From 2013 until 2015, the uptake of biopsy at the blastocyst stage was mainly observed in cycles for PGT-A (from 23% to 36%) and PGT-SR (from 22% to 36%), alongside the increased application of comprehensive testing technology (from 66% to 75% in PGT-A and from 36% to 58% in PGT-SR). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The findings apply to the 59/60/59 participating centres and may not represent worldwide trends in PGT. Data were collected retrospectively and no details of the follow-up on PGT pregnancies and babies born were provided. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Being the largest data collection on PGT worldwide, detailed information about ongoing developments in the field is provided. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study has no external funding and all costs are covered by ESHRE. There are no competing interests declared. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Coonen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A van Montfoort
- Department of Clinical Genetics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F Carvalho
- Genetics-Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3s-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - G Kokkali
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Genesis Athens Clinic, Athens, Greece
| | - C Moutou
- Université de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Diagnostic préimplantatoire, CMCO, Schiltigheim, France
| | - C Rubio
- PGT-A Research, Igenomix, Valencia, Spain
| | - M De Rycke
- Centre for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - V Goossens
- ESHRE Central Office, Grimbergen, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Deshpande A, Miller-Petrie MK, Lindstedt PA, Baumann MM, Johnson KB, Blacker BF, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A, Abdollahpour I, Abegaz KH, Abejie AN, Abreu LG, Abrigo MR, Abualhasan A, Accrombessi MMK, Adamu AA, Adebayo OM, Adedeji IA, Adedoyin RA, Adekanmbi V, Adetokunboh OO, Adhikari TB, Afarideh M, Agudelo-Botero M, Ahmadi M, Ahmadi K, Ahmed MB, Ahmed AE, Akalu TY, Akanda AS, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Alam S, Alam N, Alamene GM, Alanzi TM, Albright J, Albujeer A, Alcalde-Rabanal JE, Alebel A, Alemu ZA, Ali M, Alijanzadeh M, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Almasi A, Almasi-Hashiani A, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Altirkawi KA, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Amini S, Amit AML, Amul GGH, Andrei CL, Anjomshoa M, Ansariadi A, Antonio CAT, Antony B, Antriyandarti E, Arabloo J, Aref HMA, Aremu O, Armoon B, Arora A, Aryal KK, Arzani A, Asadi-Aliabadi M, Asmelash D, Atalay HT, Athari SM, Athari SS, Atre SR, Ausloos M, Awasthi S, Awoke N, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayano G, Ayanore MA, Aynalem YA, Azari S, Azman AS, Babaee E, Badawi A, Bagherzadeh M, Bakkannavar SM, Balakrishnan S, Banach M, Banoub JAM, Barac A, Barboza MA, Bärnighausen TW, Basu S, Bay VD, Bayati M, Bedi N, Beheshti M, Behzadifar M, Behzadifar M, Bejarano Ramirez DF, Bell ML, Bennett DA, Benzian H, Berbada DA, Bernstein RS, Bhat AG, Bhattacharyya K, Bhaumik S, Bhutta ZA, Bijani A, Bikbov B, Bin Sayeed MS, Biswas RK, Bohlouli S, Boufous S, Brady OJ, Briko AN, Briko NI, Britton GB, Brown A, Burugina Nagaraja S, Butt ZA, Cámera LA, Campos-Nonato IR, Campuzano Rincon JC, Cano J, Car J, Cárdenas R, Carvalho F, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castro F, Cerin E, Chalise B, Chattu VK, Chin KL, Christopher DJ, Chu DT, Cormier NM, Costa VM, Cromwell EA, Dadi AFF, Dahiru T, Dahlawi SMA, Dandona R, Dandona L, Dang AK, Daoud F, Darwesh AM, Darwish AH, Daryani A, Das JK, Das Gupta R, Dash AP, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Davis Weaver N, De la Hoz FP, De Neve JW, Demissie DB, Demoz GT, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Deribe K, Desalew A, Dharmaratne SD, Dhillon P, Dhimal M, Dhungana GP, Diaz D, Dipeolu IO, Do HT, Dolecek C, Doyle KE, Dubljanin E, Duraes AR, Edinur HA, Effiong A, Eftekhari A, El Nahas N, El Sayed Zaki M, El Tantawi M, Elhabashy HR, El-Jaafary SI, El-Khatib Z, Elkout H, Elsharkawy A, Enany S, Endalew DA, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Etemadi A, Ezekannagha O, Faraon EJA, Fareed M, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fasil AF, Fazlzadeh M, Feigin VL, Fekadu W, Fentahun N, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes E, Filip I, Fischer F, Flohr C, Foigt NA, Folayan MO, Foroutan M, Franklin RC, Frostad JJ, Fukumoto T, Gad MM, Garcia GM, Gatotoh AM, Gayesa RT, Gebremedhin KB, Geramo YCD, Gesesew HA, Gezae KE, Ghashghaee A, Ghazi Sherbaf F, Gill TK, Gill PS, Ginindza TG, Girmay A, Gizaw Z, Goodridge A, Gopalani SV, Goulart BNG, Goulart AC, Grada A, Green MS, Gubari MIM, Gugnani HC, Guido D, Guimarães RA, Guo Y, Gupta R, Gupta R, Ha GH, Haagsma JA, Hafezi-Nejad N, Haile DH, Haile MT, Hall BJ, Hamidi S, Handiso DW, Haririan H, Hariyani N, Hasaballah AI, Hasan MM, Hasanzadeh A, Hassen HY, Hayelom DH, Hegazy MI, Heibati B, Heidari B, Hendrie D, Henok A, Herteliu C, Heydarpour F, Hidru HDD, Hird TR, Hoang CL, Hollerich GI, Hoogar P, Hossain N, Hosseinzadeh M, Househ M, Hu G, Humayun A, Hussain SA, Hussen MAA, Ibitoye SE, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic MD, Imani-Nasab MH, Iqbal U, Irvani SSN, Islam SMS, Ivers RQ, Iwu CJ, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, Jalali A, Jayatilleke AU, Jenabi E, Jha RP, Jha V, Ji JS, Jonas JB, Jozwiak JJ, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kanchan T, Karch A, Karki S, Kasaeian A, Kasahun GG, Kasaye HK, Kassa GG, Kassa GM, Kayode GA, Kebede MM, Keiyoro PN, Ketema DB, Khader YS, Khafaie MA, Khalid N, Khalilov R, Khan EA, Khan J, Khan MN, Khatab K, Khater MM, Khater AM, Khayamzadeh M, Khazaei M, Khosravi MH, Khubchandani J, Kiadaliri A, Kim YJ, Kimokoti RW, Kisa S, Kisa A, Kochhar S, Kolola T, Komaki H, Kosen S, Koul PA, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Kuate Defo B, Kugbey N, Kumar P, Kumar GA, Kumar M, Kusuma D, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Lal A, Lal DK, Lam H, Lami FH, Lansingh VC, Lasrado S, Lebedev G, Lee PH, LeGrand KE, Leili M, Lenjebo TL, Leshargie CT, Levine AJ, Lewycka S, Li S, Linn S, Liu S, Lopez JCF, Lopukhov PD, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Mahadeshwara Prasad D, Mahasha PW, Mahotra NB, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta DC, Mamun AA, Manafi N, Mansournia MA, Mapoma CC, Martinez G, Martini S, Martins-Melo FR, Mathur MR, Mayala BK, Mazidi M, McAlinden C, Meharie BG, Mehndiratta MM, Mehrabi Nasab E, Mehta KM, Mekonnen T, Mekonnen TC, Meles GG, Meles HG, Memiah PTN, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mereta ST, Meretoja TJ, Mestrovic T, Metekiya WM, Metekiya WM, Miazgowski B, Miller TR, Mini GK, Mirrakhimov EM, Moazen B, Mohajer B, Mohammad Y, Mohammad DK, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N, Mohammadibakhsh R, Mohammed S, Mohammed JA, Mohammed H, Mohebi F, Mokdad AH, Moodley Y, Moradi M, Moradi G, Moradi-Joo M, Moraga P, Morales L, Mosapour A, Mosser JF, Mouodi S, Mousavi SM, Mozaffor M, Munro SB, Muriithi MK, Murray CJL, Musa KI, Mustafa G, Muthupandian S, Naderi M, Nagarajan AJ, Naghavi M, Naik G, Nangia V, Nascimento BR, Nazari J, Ndwandwe DE, Negoi I, Netsere HB, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen CT, Nguyen HLT, Nguyen QP, Nigatu SG, Ningrum DNA, Nnaji CA, Nojomi M, Norheim OF, Noubiap JJ, Oancea B, Ogbo FA, Oh IH, Olagunju AT, Olusanya JO, Olusanya BO, Onwujekwe OE, Ortega-Altamirano DV, Osarenotor O, Osei FB, Owolabi MO, P A M, Padubidri JR, Pakhale S, Pana A, Park EK, Patel SK, Pathak A, Patle A, Paulos K, Pepito VCF, Perico N, Pervaiz A, Pescarini JM, Pesudovs K, Pham HQ, Pigott DM, Pilgrim T, Pirsaheb M, Poljak M, Pollock I, Postma MJ, Pourmalek F, Pourshams A, Prada SI, Preotescu L, Quintana H, Rabiee N, Rabiee M, Radfar A, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi S, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman MA, Rahman MHU, Rajati F, Ranabhat CL, Rao PC, Rasella D, Rath GK, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Rawasia WF, Remuzzi G, Renjith V, Renzaho AM, Resnikoff S, Riahi SM, Ribeiro AI, Rickard J, Roever L, Ronfani L, Rubagotti E, Rubino S, Saad AM, Sabour S, Sadeghi E, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Safari Y, Sagar R, Sahraian MA, Sajadi SM, Salahshoor MR, Salam N, Saleem A, Salem H, Salem MR, Salimi Y, Salimzadeh H, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Santos IS, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sao Jose BP, Saraswathy SYI, Sarrafzadegan N, Sartorius B, Sathian B, Sathish T, Satpathy M, Sawhney M, Sayyah M, Sbarra AN, Schaeffer LE, Schwebel DC, Senbeta AM, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Serván-Mori E, Shafieesabet A, Shaheen AA, Shahid I, Shaikh MA, Shalash AS, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsi M, Shamsizadeh M, Shannawaz M, Sharafi K, Sharma R, Sheikh A, Shetty BSK, Shiferaw WS, Shigematsu M, Shin JI, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shivakumar KM, Si S, Siabani S, Siddiqi TJ, Silva DAS, Singh V, Singh NP, Singh BBS, Singh JA, Singh A, Sinha DN, Sisay MM, Skiadaresi E, Smith DL, Soares Filho AM, Sobhiyeh MR, Sokhan A, Soriano JB, Sorrie MB, Soyiri IN, Spurlock EE, Sreeramareddy CT, Sudaryanto A, Sufiyan MB, Suleria HAR, Sykes BL, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabuchi T, Tadesse DB, Tarigan IU, Taye B, Tefera YM, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Tekelemedhin SW, Tekle MG, Temsah MH, Tesfay BE, Tesfay FH, Tessema ZT, Thankappan KR, ThekkePurakkal AS, Thomas N, Thompson RL, Thomson AJ, Topor-Madry R, Tovani-Palone MR, Traini E, Tran BX, Tran KB, Ullah I, Unnikrishnan B, Usman MS, Uthman OA, Uzochukwu BSC, Valdez PR, Varughese S, Veisani Y, Violante FS, Vollmer S, W/hawariat FG, Waheed Y, Wallin MT, Wang YP, Wang Y, Wangdi K, Weiss DJ, Weldesamuel GT, Werkneh AA, Westerman R, Wiangkham T, Wiens KE, Wijeratne T, Wiysonge CS, Wolde HF, Wondafrash DZ, Wonde TE, Worku GT, Yadollahpour A, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yamada T, Yaseri M, Yatsuya H, Yeshaneh A, Yilma MT, Yip P, Yisma E, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yousof HASA, Yu C, Yusefzadeh H, Zadey S, Zahirian Moghadam T, Zaidi Z, Zaman SB, Zamani M, Zandian H, Zar HJ, Zerfu TA, Zhang Y, Ziapour A, Zodpey S, Zuniga YMH, Hay SI, Reiner RC. Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17. Lancet Glob Health 2020; 8:e1162-e1185. [PMID: 32827479 PMCID: PMC7443708 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities is an essential human right, recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals as crucial for preventing disease and improving human wellbeing. Comprehensive, high-resolution estimates are important to inform progress towards achieving this goal. We aimed to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of access to drinking water and sanitation facilities. METHODS We used a Bayesian geostatistical model and data from 600 sources across more than 88 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to estimate access to drinking water and sanitation facilities on continuous continent-wide surfaces from 2000 to 2017, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. We estimated mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subcategories of facilities for drinking water (piped water on or off premises, other improved facilities, unimproved, and surface water) and sanitation facilities (septic or sewer sanitation, other improved, unimproved, and open defecation) with use of ordinal regression. We also estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths in children younger than 5 years attributed to unsafe facilities and estimated deaths that were averted by increased access to safe facilities in 2017, and analysed geographical inequality in access within LMICs. FINDINGS Across LMICs, access to both piped water and improved water overall increased between 2000 and 2017, with progress varying spatially. For piped water, the safest water facility type, access increased from 40·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 39·4-40·7) to 50·3% (50·0-50·5), but was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, where access to piped water was mostly concentrated in urban centres. Access to both sewer or septic sanitation and improved sanitation overall also increased across all LMICs during the study period. For sewer or septic sanitation, access was 46·3% (95% UI 46·1-46·5) in 2017, compared with 28·7% (28·5-29·0) in 2000. Although some units improved access to the safest drinking water or sanitation facilities since 2000, a large absolute number of people continued to not have access in several units with high access to such facilities (>80%) in 2017. More than 253 000 people did not have access to sewer or septic sanitation facilities in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe, despite 88·6% (95% UI 87·2-89·7) access overall. Many units were able to transition from the least safe facilities in 2000 to safe facilities by 2017; for units in which populations primarily practised open defecation in 2000, 686 (95% UI 664-711) of the 1830 (1797-1863) units transitioned to the use of improved sanitation. Geographical disparities in access to improved water across units decreased in 76·1% (95% UI 71·6-80·7) of countries from 2000 to 2017, and in 53·9% (50·6-59·6) of countries for access to improved sanitation, but remained evident subnationally in most countries in 2017. INTERPRETATION Our estimates, combined with geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden, identify where efforts to increase access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities are most needed. By highlighting areas with successful approaches or in need of targeted interventions, our estimates can enable precision public health to effectively progress towards universal access to safe water and sanitation. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
65
|
Gomes A, Godinho-Pereira J, Oudot C, Sequeira CO, Macià A, Carvalho F, Motilva MJ, Pereira SA, Matzapetakis M, Brenner C, Santos CN. Berry fruits modulate kidney dysfunction and urine metabolome in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 154:119-131. [PMID: 32437928 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Berries are rich sources of (poly)phenols which have been associated with the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in animal models and in human clinical trials. Recently, a berry enriched diet was reported to decrease blood pressure and attenuate kidney disease progression on Dahl salt-sensitive rats. However, the relationship between kidney function, metabolism and (poly)phenols was not evaluated. We hypothesize that berries promote metabolic alterations concomitantly with an attenuation of the progression of renal disease. For that, kidney and urinary metabolomic changes induced by the berry enriched diet in hypertensive rats (Dahl salt-sensitive) were analyzed using liquid chromatography (UPLC-MS/MS) and 1H NMR techniques. Moreover, physiological and metabolic parameters, and kidney histopathological data were also collected. The severity of the kidney lesions promoted in Dahl rats by a high salt diet was significantly reduced by berries, namely a decrease in sclerotic glomeruli. In addition, was observed a high urinary excretion of metabolites that are indicators of alterations in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, citrate cycle, and pyruvate metabolism in the salt induced-hypertensive rats, a metabolic profile counteracted by berries consumption. We also provide novel insights that relates (poly)phenols consumption with alterations in cysteine redox pools. Cysteine contribute to the redox signaling that is normally disrupted during kidney disease onset and progression. Our findings provide a vision about the metabolic responses of hypertensive rats to a (poly)phenol enriched diet, which may contribute to the understanding of the beneficial effects of (poly)phenols in salt-induced hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gomes
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - J Godinho-Pereira
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - C Oudot
- INSERM UMR-S 1180, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296, Châtenay Malabry, France
| | - C O Sequeira
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Macià
- Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - F Carvalho
- Laboratório de Morfologia Renal, Hospital Curry Cabral, EPE, Rua da Beneficência n. 8, 1069-166, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M J Motilva
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino-ICVV, CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja, Finca "La Grajera", Carretera de Burgos km 6, 26007, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - S A Pereira
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Matzapetakis
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - C Brenner
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects métaboliques et systémiques de l'oncogénèse pour de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - C N Santos
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal; CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Carvalho F, Wiseman T. Report on the impact of a service improvement programme in a well-established radiologically inserted gastrostomy service. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 33:584-586. [PMID: 32020682 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to evaluate whether the implementation of a service improvement programme improved the occurrence of radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG) tube displacements, post-insertion. METHODS A retrospective observational study of cancer patients was conducted over a 2-year period divided into two time points. Eighty-two RIG insertions were audited retrospectively; 42 in Time 1 and 40 in Time 2. RESULTS Some 70% (n = 57) of patients had head and neck (H&N) malignancy, 24% (n = 20) had gastrointestinal cancer and 6% (n = 5) had a variety of other malignancies. Following the implementation of the service improvement programme, the number of RIG tube displacements almost halved from nine (21%) to five (12%). CONCLUSIONS The present study offers persuasive evidence indicating that the implemented service improvement programme improved patient care; however, further research incorporating a more robust evaluation is necessary. People with advanced disease are living longer and so there is a need to maintain good nutritional support. This innovation offers the potential to enhance patients' quality of care and minimise complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Carvalho
- Colorectal Surgery Department, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - T Wiseman
- Applied Health Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Dias B, Alencar D, Carvalho F, Yaedú R. Virtual planning of premaxilla replacement surgery using free software: a method proposal. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
68
|
Dias B, Alencar D, Carvalho F, Yaedú R. 3D assesment of facial soft tissue changes after le fort i osteotomy in cleft lip and palate patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
69
|
Dias B, Alencar D, Carvalho F, Yaedú R. Effects of bone anchored maxillary protraction in patients with uniteral and bilateral cleft lip and palate compared with patients without clefts. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
70
|
Marques PI, Gonçalves JC, Monteiro C, Cavadas B, Nagirnaja L, Barros N, Barros A, Carvalho F, Lopes AM, Seixas S. Semen quality is affected by HLA class I alleles together with sexually transmitted diseases. Andrology 2019; 7:867-877. [PMID: 31002754 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus includes several genes with key roles in antigen presentation and immune response, some of them inclusively found to be associated with non-obstructive azoospermia. Still, HLA connections to other infertility phenotypes such as semen hyperviscosity (SHV), asthenozoospermia (AST), and oligozoospermia (OLI) have been often neglected. OBJECTIVES In this work, we aimed to evaluate the association of HLA class I and II genes with SHV, AST, and OLI phenotypes while exploring a possible role in an adaptive immune response to sexually transmitted diseases (STD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed in a Portuguese cohort of 71 infertility cases and 68 controls, followed by HLA typing using a specific software-HLA*PRG:LA tool. Molecular screenings of seven STD were carried out in a subset of 72 samples (30 cases and 42 controls). RESULTS Statistical tests uncovered three protective alleles: HLA-A*11:01, associated with all forms of male infertility (p = 0.0006); HLA-DQB1*03:02 with SHV and OLI (PSHV = 0.0303, POLI = 0.0153); and HLA-A*29:02 with OLI (p = 0.0355), which was found to interfere in sperm number together with HPV (p = 0.0313). Five risk alleles were also identified: two linked with SHV (HLA-B*50:01, p = 0.0278; and HLA-C*06:02, p = 0.0461), another one with both SHV and OLI (HLA-DQA1*05:01, PSHV = 0.0444 and POLI =0.0265), and two with OLI (HLA-C*03:03, p = 0.0480; and HLA-DQB1*03:01, p = 0.0499). Here, HLA-C*03:03 carriers tend to be HPV infected. CONCLUSIONS The application of HLA*PRG:LA tool to the study of male infertility provided novel insights for an HLA correlation with semen quality, namely among SHV and OLI phenotypes. The discovery of an HLA-A*29:02/HPV crosstalk, together with former reports of HLA alleles conferring resistance-susceptibility to diverse human pathogens, raises the hypothesis of a mechanistic link between male infertility, HLA polymorphism, and host response to STD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P I Marques
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - J C Gonçalves
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - C Monteiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - B Cavadas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Nagirnaja
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - N Barros
- Center for Reproductive Genetics Alberto Barros, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Barros
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Reproductive Genetics Alberto Barros, Porto, Portugal.,Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A M Lopes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - S Seixas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Kakourou G, Kahraman S, Ekmekci GC, Tac HA, Kourlaba G, Kourkouni E, Sanz AC, Martin J, Malmgren H, Giménez C, Gold V, Carvalho F, Billi C, Chow JFC, Vendrell X, Kokkali G, Liss J, Steffann J, Traeger-Synodinos J. The clinical utility of PGD with HLA matching: a collaborative multi-centre ESHRE study. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:520-530. [PMID: 29432583 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Has PGD-HLA been successful relative to diagnostic and clinical efficacy? SUMMARY ANSWER The diagnostic efficacy of PGD-HLA protocols was found lower in this study in comparison to published PGD-HLA protocols and to that reported for general PGD by ESHRE (78.5 vs 94.1% and vs 92.6%, respectively), while the clinical efficacy has proven very difficult to assess due to inadequate follow-up of both the ART/PGD and HSCT procedure outcomes. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The first clinical cases for PGD-HLA were reported in 2001. It is now a well-established procedure, with an increasing number of cycles performed every year. However, PGD-HLA is still offered by relatively few PGD centres, the currently available data is fragmented and most reports on PGD-HLA applications are limited in number and scope. Published systematic details on methodology, diagnostic results, overall ART success and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) outcomes are limited, precluding an evaluation of the true clinical utility of PGD-HLA cycles. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This retrospective multi-centre cohort study aimed to investigate the diagnostic and clinical efficacy of the PGD-HLA procedure and the aspects of PGD-HLA cycles influencing positive outcomes: birth of genetically suitable donor-baby (or babies) and HSCT. In April 2014, 32 PGD centres (Consortium members and non-members) with published/known PGD-HLA activity were invited to participate. Between February and September 2015, 14 centres submitted their data, through a custom-designed secure database, with unique login access for each centre. Data parameters covered all aspects of PGD-HLA cycles (ART, embryology and genetic diagnosis), donor-babies born and HSCT. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS From 716 cycles submitted by 14 centres (performed between August 2001 and September 2015), the quality evaluation excluded 12 cycles, leaving 704, from 364 couples. The online database, based on REDCap, a free, secure, web-based data-capture application, was customized by Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), Athens. Continuous variables are presented using mean, standard deviation, median and interquartile range, and categorical variables are presented as absolute and relative frequencies. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The data included 704 HLA-PGD cycles. Mean maternal age was 33.5 years. Most couples (81.3%) requested HLA-typing with concurrent exclusion of a single monogenic disease (58.6% for beta-thalassaemia). In 92.5% couples, both partners were fertile, with an average 1.93 HLA-PGD cycles/couple. Overall, 9751 oocytes were retrieved (13.9/cycle) and 5532 embryos were analysed (7.9/cycle). Most cycles involved fresh oocytes (94.9%) and Day 3 embryo biopsy (85.3%). In 97.5% of cycles, the genotyping method involved PCR only. Of 4343 embryos diagnosed (78.5% of analysed embryos), 677 were genetically suitable (15.4% of those analysed for HLA alone, 11.6% of those analysed for HLA with exclusion of monogenic disease). Of the 364 couples, 56.6% achieved an embryo transfer (ET) and 598 embryos were transferred in 382 cycles, leading to 164 HCG-positive pregnancies (pregnancy rate/ET 41.3%, pregnancy rate/initiated cycle 23.3%) and 136 babies born (live birth rate/ET 34.3%, live birth rate/initiated cycle 19.3%) to 113 couples. Data analysis identified the following limitations to the overall success of the HLA-PGD procedure: the age of the mother undergoing the treatment cycle, the number of oocytes collected per cycle and genetic chance. HSCT was reported for 57 cases, of which 64.9% involved combined umbilical cord-blood and bone marrow transplantation from the HLA-identical sibling donor; 77.3% of transplants reported no complications. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION The findings of the study may be limited as not all PGD centres with PGD-HLA experience participated. Reporting bias on completion of the online database may be another potential limitation. Furthermore, the study is based on retrospective data collection from centres with variable practices and strategies for ART, embryology and genetic diagnosis. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first multi-centre study evaluating the clinical utility of PGD-HLA, indicating variations in practice and outcomes throughout 15 years and between centres. The study highlights parameters important for positive outcomes and provides important information for both scientists and couples interested in initiating a cycle. Above all, the study underlines the need for better collaboration between all specialists involved in the ART-PGD/HLA procedure, as well as the need for comprehensive and prospective long-term data collection, and encourages all specialists to aim to properly evaluate and follow-up all procedures, with the ultimate aim to promote best practice and encourage patient informed decision making. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study wishes to acknowledge ESHRE for funding the customization of the REDCap database. There are no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Kakourou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Choremio Research Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Livadias, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - S Kahraman
- Istanbul Memorial Hospital, ART and Reproductive Genetics Unit, Piyale Pasa Bulvari, 34385 Okmeydani sisli-Instanbul, Turkey
| | - G C Ekmekci
- Istanbul Memorial Hospital, ART and Reproductive Genetics Unit, Piyale Pasa Bulvari, 34385 Okmeydani sisli-Instanbul, Turkey
| | - H A Tac
- Istanbul Memorial Hospital, ART and Reproductive Genetics Unit, Piyale Pasa Bulvari, 34385 Okmeydani sisli-Instanbul, Turkey
| | - G Kourlaba
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), 5 Chatzigianni Mexi 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - E Kourkouni
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), 5 Chatzigianni Mexi 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - A Cervero Sanz
- Igenomix, Parc Científic Universitat de Valéncia, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino 9, 46980 Paterna (València), Spain
| | - J Martin
- Igenomix, Parc Científic Universitat de Valéncia, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino 9, 46980 Paterna (València), Spain
| | - H Malmgren
- Stockholm PGD Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Karolinska vägen, 171 76 Solna, Sweden
| | - C Giménez
- Reprogenetics Spain, Carrer de Tuset, 23, 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Gold
- PGD Lab, Lis Fertility Institute, Lis Maternity and Women's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - F Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - C Billi
- Preimplantation Diagnosis Department, Alfalab Private Diagnostic Laboratory Medical S.A., Anastasiou Georgiou 11, 115 24 Athens, Greece
| | - J F C Chow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Tsan Yuk Hospital Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Laboratory, Tsan Yuk Hospital, 30 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong
| | - X Vendrell
- Reproductive Genetics Unit, Sistemas Genómicos Ltd, Ronda G.Marconi 6, 46980 Paterna (València), Spain
| | - G Kokkali
- Genesis Athens Clinic, Reproductive Medicine Unit, 14 Papanikoli Str, Chalandri 15232, Athens, Greece
| | - J Liss
- Invicta Fertility and Reproductive Center, 10 Rajska St., 80-850 Gdansk, Poland
| | - J Steffann
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR1163, Laboratoire de Génétique, APHP Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sévres, 75743 PARIS CEDEX 15, Paris, France
| | - J Traeger-Synodinos
- Department of Medical Genetics, Choremio Research Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Livadias, Athens 11527, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Ventura L, Carvalho F, Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Opioids in the Frame of New Psychoactive Substances Network: A Complex Pharmacological and Toxicological Issue. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 11:97-108. [PMID: 28676005 DOI: 10.2174/1874467210666170704110146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New psychoactive substances (NPS), often referred to as "legal highs" or "designer drugs", are derivatives and analogues of existing psychoactive drugs that are introduced in the recreational market to circumvent existing legislation on drugs of abuse. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to gather the state of the art regarding chemical, molecular pharmacology and toxicological information of opioid class of NPS. METHODS Chemical, pharmacological, toxicological and clinical effects of opioid class of NPS were searched in books and in PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine) without a limiting period. RESULTS Within this class, fentanyl analogues are among the most frequently abused and pose several clinical concerns and therefore will be thoroughly discussed. Other opioid sub-categories of NPS frequently misused include AH-7921, MT-45, U-47700, U-50488, desomorphine, mitragynine, tramadol, tapentadol, salvinorin A and its analogue herkinorin. CONCLUSION Due to inefficient monitoring techniques, as well as limited knowledge regarding the acute and long-term effects of opioids NPS, further clinical and forensic toxicological studies are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Ventura
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Felix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Carvalho F. The impact of service improvement strategies in a well-established radiologically inserted gastrostomies (RIGs) service: A retrospective audit. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
74
|
Coppo R, D'Arrigo G, Tripepi G, Russo ML, Roberts ISD, Bellur S, Cattran D, Cook TH, Feehally J, Tesar V, Maixnerova D, Peruzzi L, Amore A, Lundberg S, Di Palma AM, Gesualdo L, Emma F, Rollino C, Praga M, Biancone L, Pani A, Feriozzi S, Polci R, Barratt J, Del Vecchio L, Locatelli F, Pierucci A, Caliskan Y, Perkowska-Ptasinska A, Durlik M, Moggia E, Ballarin JC, Wetzels JFM, Goumenos D, Papasotiriou M, Galesic K, Toric L, Papagianni A, Stangou M, Benozzi L, Cusinato S, Berg U, Topaloglu R, Maggio M, Ots-Rosenberg M, D’Amico M, Geddes C, Balafa O, Quaglia M, Cravero R, Lino Cirami C, Fellstrom B, Floege J, Egido J, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C, Tesar V, Maixnerova D, Lundberg S, Gesualdo L, Emma F, Fuiano L, Beltrame G, Rollino C, Coppo R, Amore A, Camilla R, Peruzzi L, Praga M, Feriozzi S, Polci R, Segoloni G, Colla L, Pani A, Angioi A, Piras L, Feehally J, Cancarini G, Ravera S, Durlik M, Moggia E, Ballarin J, Di Giulio S, Pugliese F, Serriello I, Caliskan Y, Sever M, Kilicaslan I, Locatelli F, Del Vecchio L, Wetzels JFM, Peters H, Berg U, Carvalho F, da Costa Ferreira AC, Maggio M, Wiecek A, Ots-Rosenberg M, Magistroni R, Topaloglu R, Bilginer Y, D’Amico M, Stangou M, Giacchino F, Goumenos D, Papastirou M, Galesic K, Toric L, Geddes C, Siamopoulos K, Balafa O, Galliani M, Stratta P, Quaglia M, Bergia R, Cravero R, Salvadori M, Cirami L, Fellstrom B, Kloster Smerud H, Ferrario F, Stellato T, Egido J, Martin C, Floege J, Eitner F, Rauen T, Lupo A, Bernich P, Menè P, Morosetti M, van Kooten C, Rabelink T, Reinders MEJ, Boria Grinyo JM, Cusinato S, Benozzi L, Savoldi S, Licata C, Mizerska-Wasiak M, Roszkowska-Blaim M, Martina G, Messuerotti A, Dal Canton A, Esposito C, Migotto C, Triolo G, Mariano F, Pozzi C, Boero R, Mazzucco G, Giannakakis C, Honsova E, Sundelin B, Di Palma AM, Ferrario F, Gutiérrez E, Asunis AM, Barratt J, Tardanico R, Perkowska-Ptasinska A, Arce Terroba J, Fortunato M, Pantzaki A, Ozluk Y, Steenbergen E, Soderberg M, Riispere Z, Furci L, Orhan D, Kipgen D, Casartelli D, GalesicLjubanovic D, Gakiopoulou H, Bertoni E, Cannata Ortiz P, Karkoszka H, Groene HJ, Stoppacciaro A, Bajema I, Bruijn J, Fulladosa Oliveras X, Maldyk J, Ioachim E. Is there long-term value of pathology scoring in immunoglobulin A nephropathy? A validation study of the Oxford Classification for IgA Nephropathy (VALIGA) update. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 35:1002-1009. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
It is unknown whether renal pathology lesions in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) correlate with renal outcomes over decades of follow-up.
Methods
In 1130 patients of the original Validation Study of the Oxford Classification for IgA Nephropathy (VALIGA) cohort, we studied the relationship between the MEST score (mesangial hypercellularity, M; endocapillary hypercellularity, E; segmental glomerulosclerosis, S; tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis, T), crescents (C) and other histological lesions with both a combined renal endpoint [50% estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) loss or kidney failure] and the rate of eGFR decline over a follow-up period extending to 35 years [median 7 years (interquartile range 4.1–10.8)].
Results
In this extended analysis, M1, S1 and T1–T2 lesions as well as the whole MEST score were independently related with the combined endpoint (P < 0.01), and there was no effect modification by age for these associations, suggesting that they may be valid in children and in adults as well. Only T lesions were associated with the rate of eGFR loss in the whole cohort, whereas C showed this association only in patients not treated with immunosuppression. In separate prognostic analyses, the whole set of pathology lesions provided a gain in discrimination power over the clinical variables alone, which was similar at 5 years (+2.0%) and for the whole follow-up (+1.8%). A similar benefit was observed for risk reclassification analyses (+2.7% and +2.4%).
Conclusion
Long-term follow-up analyses of the VALIGA cohort showed that the independent relationship between kidney biopsy findings and the risk of progression towards kidney failure in IgAN remains unchanged across all age groups and decades after the renal biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Coppo
- Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, Turin, Piemonte, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Shubha Bellur
- Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - John Feehally
- Department of Nephrology, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Vladimir Tesar
- Nephrology, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dita Maixnerova
- Nephrology, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Licia Peruzzi
- Nephrology, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Sigrid Lundberg
- Department of Nephrology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Francesco Emma
- Department of Nephrology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Manuel Praga
- Department of Nephrology, H12Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Rosaria Polci
- Department of Nephrology, Belcolle Hospital, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Jonathan Barratt
- Department of Nephrology, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Magdalena Durlik
- Department of Transplantation Medicine and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Jack F M Wetzels
- Department of Nephrology and Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitris Goumenos
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Marios Papasotiriou
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Luka Toric
- Department of Nephrology, Dubrava University, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aikaterini Papagianni
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Stangou
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Ulla Berg
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rezan Topaloglu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Ankara, Turkey
| | - Milena Maggio
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Maggiore di Lodi, Lodi, Italy
| | | | | | - Colin Geddes
- Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Olga Balafa
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Marco Quaglia
- Department of Nephrology, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Piem, Onte Orientale University, Novara, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jesus Egido
- Department of Nephrology, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Abstract
Diquat (1,1'-ethylene-2,2'-bipyridinium ion; DQ) is a nonselective quick-acting herbicide, which is used as contact and preharvest desiccant to control terrestrial and aquatic vegetation. Several cases of human poisoning were reported worldwide mainly due to intentional ingestion of the liquid formulations. Its toxic potential results from its ability to produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species through redox cycling processes that can lead to oxidative stress and potentially cell death. Kidney is the main target organ due to DQ toxicokinetics and redox cycling. There is no antidote against DQ intoxications, and the efficacy of treatments currently applied is still unsatisfactory. The aim of this work was to review the most relevant human and experimental findings related to DQ, characterizing its chemistry, activity as herbicide, mechanisms of toxicity, consequences of poisoning, and potential therapeutic approaches taking into account previous experience in developing antidotes for paraquat, a more toxic bipyridinium herbicide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Magalhães
- 1 UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Carvalho
- 1 UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R J Dinis-Oliveira
- 1 UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- 2 IINFACTS-Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
- 3 Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Alexandre J, Carmo H, Carvalho F, Silva J. Synthetic cannabinoids enhance neuronal differentiation in neuroblastoma cells at in vivo relevant concentrations. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
77
|
Soares T, Freitas M, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. Low size citrate coated silver nanoparticles are potent inducers of human neutrophils’ oxidative burst. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
78
|
Bravo R, Moreira P, Carvalho F, Bastos M, Carmo H, Silva DDD. The synthetic psychostimulant 4-fluoromethamphetamine induces in vitro hepatotoxic effects, via CYP2E1 metabolism. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
79
|
Reis-Mendes A, Carvalho F, Sousa E, Remião F, Bastos M, Costa V. Cardiotoxicity of FAC (5-Fluorouracil + Adriamycin + Cyclophosphamide) Metabolotes in H9c2 Cardiac Differentiated Cells. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
80
|
Soares T, Gónzalez-Gómez M, Rivas J, Freitas P, Carvalho F, Fernandes E, Freitas M. Polyethylemine coated silver nanoparticles induce human neutrophils’ oxidative burst via NADPH oxidase, through the activation of PKC. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
81
|
Rocha-Pereira C, Soares J, Casanova A, Carmo H, Carvalho F, Bastos M, Remião F. TOX-OER MOOC: The liver as target organ. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
82
|
Guedes de Pinho P, Sousa D, Carvalho F, Carmo H, Bastos M, Dias da Silva D. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) induces toxicity in primary hepatocytes through oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysregulation. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
83
|
Araújo A, Bastos M, Carvalho F, Carvalho M, Guedes de Pinho P. Metabolomic analysis of the toxicity pathways elicited by subtoxic concentrations of methylone in primary mouse hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
84
|
Ribeiro D, Proenca C, Rocha S, Lima JL, Carvalho F, Fernandes E, Freitas M. Immunomodulatory Effects of Flavonoids in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Med Chem 2018; 25:3374-3412. [PMID: 29446723 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180214121734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) comprised of two disorders of idiopathic
chronic intestinal inflammation that affect about three million people worldwide: Crohn’s disease
and ulcerative colitis. Nowadays, the first-line of treatment for patients with mild to
moderate symptoms of IBD is comprised of corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, antibiotics,
and biological agents. Unfortunately, none of these drugs are curative, and their long-term use
may cause severe side effects and complications. Almost 40% of IBD patients use alternative
therapies to complement the conventional one, and flavonoids are gaining attention for this
purpose. The biological properties of flavonoids are well documented and their antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory activities have been arousing attention in the scientific community.
Flavonoids are the most widely distributed polyphenols in plants and fruits, making part of
the human diet. Taking into account that all ingested flavonoids are expected to exert biological
actions at the gastrointestinal level, research on the modulatory effect of these compounds
in IBD is of paramount importance. This review intends to summarize, in an integrated and
comprehensive form, the effect of flavonoids, both in vitro and in vivo, in the different phases
of the characteristic IBD inflammatory network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Proenca
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Silvia Rocha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jose L.F.C. Lima
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Felix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Feio-Azevedo R, Costa VM, Barbosa DJ, Teixeira-Gomes A, Pita I, Gomes S, Pereira FC, Duarte-Araújo M, Duarte JA, Marques F, Fernandes E, Bastos ML, Carvalho F, Capela JP. Aged rats are more vulnerable than adolescents to “ecstasy”-induced toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2275-2295. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
86
|
Fullman N, Yearwood J, Abay SM, Abbafati C, Abd-Allah F, Abdela J, Abdelalim A, Abebe Z, Abebo TA, Aboyans V, Abraha HN, Abreu DMX, Abu-Raddad LJ, Adane AA, Adedoyin RA, Adetokunboh O, Adhikari TB, Afarideh M, Afshin A, Agarwal G, Agius D, Agrawal A, Agrawal S, Ahmad Kiadaliri A, Aichour MTE, Akibu M, Akinyemi RO, Akinyemiju TF, Akseer N, Al Lami FH, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam T, Alasfoor D, Albittar MI, Alene KA, Al-Eyadhy A, Ali SD, Alijanzadeh M, Aljunid SM, Alkerwi A, Alla F, Allebeck P, Allen C, Alomari MA, Al-Raddadi R, Alsharif U, Altirkawi KA, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare AT, Amenu K, Ammar W, Amoako YA, Anber N, Andrei CL, Androudi S, Antonio CAT, Araújo VEM, Aremu O, Ärnlöv J, Artaman A, Aryal KK, Asayesh H, Asfaw ET, Asgedom SW, Asghar RJ, Ashebir MM, Asseffa NA, Atey TM, Atre SR, Atteraya MS, Avila-Burgos L, Avokpaho EFGA, Awasthi A, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayalew AA, Ayele HT, Ayer R, Ayuk TB, Azzopardi P, Azzopardi-Muscat N, Babalola TK, Badali H, Badawi A, Banach M, Banerjee A, Banstola A, Barber RM, Barboza MA, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen T, Barquera S, Barrero LH, Bassat Q, Basu S, Baune BT, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Bedi N, Beghi E, Behzadifar M, Behzadifar M, Bekele BB, Belachew AB, Belay SA, Belay YA, Bell ML, Bello AK, Bennett DA, Bennett JR, Bensenor IM, Berhe DF, Bernabé E, Bernstein RS, Beuran M, Bhalla A, Bhatt P, Bhaumik S, Bhutta ZA, Biadgo B, Bijani A, Bikbov B, Birungi C, Biryukov S, Bizuneh H, Bolliger IW, Bolt K, Bou-Orm IR, Bozorgmehr K, Brady OJ, Brazinova A, Breitborde NJK, Brenner H, Britton G, Brugha TS, Butt ZA, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Campos-Nonato IR, Campuzano JC, Car J, Car M, Cárdenas R, Carrero JJ, Carvalho F, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castillo Rivas J, Catalá-López F, Cercy K, Chalek J, Chang HY, Chang JC, Chattopadhyay A, Chaturvedi P, Chiang PPC, Chisumpa VH, Choi JYJ, Christensen H, Christopher DJ, Chung SC, Ciobanu LG, Cirillo M, Colombara D, Conti S, Cooper C, Cornaby L, Cortesi PA, Cortinovis M, Costa Pereira A, Cousin E, Criqui MH, Cromwell EA, Crowe CS, Crump JA, Daba AK, Dachew BA, Dadi AF, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dargan PI, Daryani A, Daryani M, Das J, Das SK, das Neves J, Davis Weaver N, Davletov K, de Courten B, De Leo D, De Neve JW, Dellavalle RP, Demoz G, Deribe K, Des Jarlais DC, Dey S, Dharmaratne SD, Dhimal M, Djalalinia S, Doku DT, Dolan K, Dorsey ER, dos Santos KPB, Doyle KE, Driscoll TR, Dubey M, Dubljanin E, Duncan BB, Echko M, Edessa D, Edvardsson D, Ehrlich JR, Eldrenkamp E, El-Khatib ZZ, Endres M, Endries AY, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Esteghamati A, Fakhar M, Farag T, Faramarzi M, Faraon EJA, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fatusi A, Fazeli MS, Feigin VL, Feigl AB, Fentahun N, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes E, Fernandes JC, Fijabi DO, Filip I, Fischer F, Fitzmaurice C, Flaxman AD, Flor LS, Foigt N, Foreman KJ, Frostad JJ, Fürst T, Futran ND, Gakidou E, Gallus S, Gambashidze K, Gamkrelidze A, Ganji M, Gebre AK, Gebrehiwot TT, Gebremedhin AT, Gelaw YA, Geleijnse JM, Geremew D, Gething PW, Ghadimi R, Ghasemi Falavarjani K, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Gill PS, Giref AZ, Giroud M, Gishu MD, Giussani G, Godwin WW, Goli S, Gomez-Dantes H, Gona PN, Goodridge A, Gopalani SV, Goryakin Y, Goulart AC, Grada A, Griswold M, Grosso G, Gugnani HC, Guo Y, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gupta T, Gupta T, Gupta V, Haagsma JA, Hachinski V, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hailu GB, Hamadeh RR, Hamidi S, Hankey GJ, Harb HL, Harewood HC, Harikrishnan S, Haro JM, Hassen HY, Havmoeller R, Hawley C, Hay SI, He J, Hearps SJC, Hegazy MI, Heibati B, Heidari M, Hendrie D, Henry NJ, Herrera Ballesteros VH, Herteliu C, Hibstu DT, Hiluf MK, Hoek HW, Homaie Rad E, Horita N, Hosgood HD, Hosseini M, Hosseini SR, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Hoy DG, Hsairi M, Htet AS, Hu G, Huang JJ, Iburg KM, Idris F, Igumbor EU, Ikeda C, Ileanu BV, Ilesanmi OS, Innos K, Irvani SSN, Irvine CMS, Islami F, Jacobs TA, Jacobsen KH, Jahanmehr N, Jain R, Jain SK, Jakovljevic MB, Jalu MT, Jamal AA, Javanbakht M, Jayatilleke AU, Jeemon P, Jha RP, Jha V, Jóúwiak J, John O, Johnson SC, Jonas JB, Joshua V, Jürisson M, Kabir Z, Kadel R, Kahsay A, Kalani R, Kar C, Karanikolos M, Karch A, Karema CK, Karimi SM, Kasaeian A, Kassa DH, Kassa GM, Kassa TD, Kassebaum NJ, Katikireddi SV, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Kazanjan K, Kebede S, Keiyoro PN, Kemp GR, Kengne AP, Kereselidze M, Ketema EB, Khader YS, Khafaie MA, Khajavi A, Khalil IA, Khan EA, Khan G, Khan MN, Khan MA, Khanal MN, Khang YH, Khater MM, Khoja ATA, Khosravi A, Khubchandani J, Kibret GD, Kiirithio DN, Kim D, Kim YJ, Kimokoti RW, Kinfu Y, Kinra S, Kisa A, Kissoon N, Kochhar S, Kokubo Y, Kopec JA, Kosen S, Koul PA, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko M, Krishan K, Krohn KJ, Kuate Defo B, Kumar GA, Kumar P, Kutz M, Kuzin I, Kyu HH, Lad DP, Lafranconi A, Lal DK, Lalloo R, Lam H, Lan Q, Lang JJ, Lansingh VC, Lansky S, Larsson A, Latifi A, Lazarus JV, Leasher JL, Lee PH, Legesse Y, Leigh J, Leshargie CT, Leta S, Leung J, Leung R, Levi M, Li Y, Liang J, Liben ML, Lim LL, Lim SS, Lind M, Linn S, Listl S, Liu P, Liu S, Lodha R, Lopez AD, Lorch SA, Lorkowski S, Lotufo PA, Lucas TCD, Lunevicius R, Lurton G, Lyons RA, Maalouf F, Macarayan ERK, Mackay MT, Maddison ER, Madotto F, Magdy Abd El Razek H, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Majdan M, Majdzadeh R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra R, Malta DC, Mamun AA, Manhertz T, Manguerra H, Mansournia MA, Mantovani LG, Manyazewal T, Mapoma CC, Margono C, Martinez-Raga J, Martins SCO, Martins-Melo FR, Martopullo I, März W, Massenburg BB, Mathur MR, Maulik PK, Mazidi M, McAlinden C, McGrath JJ, McKee M, Mehata S, Mehrotra R, Mehta KM, Mehta V, Meier T, Mejia-Rodriguez F, Meles KG, Melku M, Memiah P, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Mengiste DA, Mengistu DT, Menota BG, Mensah GA, Meretoja A, Meretoja TJ, Mezgebe HB, Miazgowski T, Micha R, Milam R, Millear A, Miller TR, Mini GK, Minnig S, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov EM, Misganaw A, Mitchell PB, Mlashu FW, Moazen B, Mohammad KA, Mohammadibakhsh R, Mohammed E, Mohammed MA, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Mola GL, Molokhia M, Momeniha F, Monasta L, Montañez Hernandez JC, Moosazadeh M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Morawska L, Moreno Velasquez I, Mori R, Morrison SD, Moses M, Mousavi SM, Mueller UO, Murhekar M, Murthy GVS, Murthy S, Musa J, Musa KI, Mustafa G, Muthupandian S, Nagata C, Nagel G, Naghavi M, Naheed A, Naik GA, Naik N, Najafi F, Naldi L, Nangia V, Nansseu JRN, Narayan KMV, Nascimento BR, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Newton CR, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen G, Nguyen L, Nguyen TH, Nichols E, Ningrum DNA, Nolte E, Nong VM, Norheim OF, Norrving B, Noubiap JJN, Nyandwi A, Obermeyer CM, Ofori-Asenso R, Ogbo FA, Oh IH, Oladimeji O, Olagunju AT, Olagunju TO, Olivares PR, Oliveira PPVD, Olsen HE, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Ong K, Opio JN, Oren E, Ortega-Altamirano DV, Ortiz A, Ozdemir R, PA M, Pain AW, Palone MRT, Pana A, Panda-Jonas S, Pandian JD, Park EK, Parsian H, Patel T, Pati S, Patil ST, Patle A, Patton GC, Paturi VR, Paudel D, Pedroso MDM, Pedroza SP, Pereira DM, Perico N, Peterson H, Petzold M, Peykari N, Phillips MR, Piel FB, Pigott DM, Pillay JD, Piradov MA, Polinder S, Pond CD, Postma MJ, Pourmalek F, Prakash S, Prakash V, Prasad N, Prasad NM, Purcell C, Qorbani M, Quintana HK, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rafiei A, Rahimi K, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahman SU, Rai RK, Raju SB, Ram U, Rana SM, Rankin Z, Rasella D, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Ray SE, Razo-García CA, Reddy P, Reiner RC, Reis C, Reitsma MB, Remuzzi G, Renzaho AMN, Resnikoff S, Rezaei S, Rezai MS, Ribeiro AL, Rios Blancas MJ, Rivera JA, Roever L, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Rostami A, Roth GA, Rothenbacher D, Roy A, Roy N, Ruhago GM, Sabde YD, Sachdev PS, Sadat N, Safdarian M, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian MA, Sajadi HS, Salama J, Salamati P, Saldanha RDF, Salimzadeh H, Salomon JA, Samy AM, Sanabria JR, Sancheti PK, Sanchez-Niño MD, Santomauro D, Santos IS, Santric Milicevic MM, Sarker AR, Sarrafzadegan N, Sartorius B, Satpathy M, Savic M, Sawhney M, Saxena S, Saylan MI, Schaeffner E, Schmidhuber J, Schmidt MI, Schneider IJC, Schumacher AE, Schutte AE, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Sekerija M, Sepanlou SG, Servan-Mori EE, Shafieesabet A, Shaikh MA, Shakh-Nazarova M, Shams-Beyranvand M, Sharafi H, Sharif-Alhoseini M, Shariful Islam SM, Sharma M, Sharma R, She J, Sheikh A, Shfare MT, Shi P, Shields C, Shigematsu M, Shinohara Y, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shiue I, Shrime MG, Shukla SR, Siabani S, Sigfusdottir ID, Silberberg DH, Silva DAS, Silva JP, Silveira DGA, Singh JA, Singh L, Singh NP, Singh V, Sinha DN, Sinke AH, Sisay M, Skirbekk V, Sliwa K, Smith A, Soares Filho AM, Sobaih BHA, Somai M, Soneji S, Soofi M, Sorensen RJD, Soriano JB, Soyiri IN, Sposato LA, Sreeramareddy CT, Srinivasan V, Stanaway JD, Stathopoulou V, Steel N, Stein DJ, Stokes MA, Sturua L, Sufiyan MB, Suliankatchi RA, Sunguya BF, Sur PJ, Sykes BL, Sylaja PN, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tadakamadla SK, Tadesse AH, Taffere GR, Tandon N, Tariku AT, Taveira N, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temam Shifa G, Temsah MH, Terkawi AS, Tesema AG, Tesfaye DJ, Tessema B, Thakur JS, Thomas N, Thompson MJ, Tillmann T, To QG, Tobe-Gai R, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Topouzis F, Torre A, Tortajada M, Tran BX, Tran KB, Tripathi A, Tripathy SP, Troeger C, Truelsen T, Tsoi D, Tudor Car L, Tuem KB, Tyrovolas S, Uchendu US, Ukwaja KN, Ullah I, Updike R, Uthman OA, Uzochukwu BSC, Valdez PR, van Boven JFM, Varughese S, Vasankari T, Violante FS, Vladimirov SK, Vlassov VV, Vollset SE, Vos T, Wagnew F, Waheed Y, Wallin MT, Walson JL, Wang Y, Wang YP, Wassie MM, Weaver MR, Weiderpass E, Weintraub RG, Weiss J, Weldegwergs KG, Werdecker A, West TE, Westerman R, White RG, Whiteford HA, Widecka J, Winkler AS, Wiysonge CS, Wolfe CDA, Wondimkun YA, Workicho A, Wyper GMA, Xavier D, Xu G, Yan LL, Yano Y, Yaseri M, Yimer NB, Yin P, Yip P, Yirsaw BD, Yonemoto N, Yonga G, Yoon SJ, Yotebieng M, Younis MZ, Yu C, Zadnik V, Zaidi Z, Zaki MES, Zaman SB, Zamani M, Zenebe ZM, Zhou M, Zhu J, Zimsen SRM, Zipkin B, Zodpey S, Zuhlke LJ, Murray CJL, Lozano R. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2018; 391:2236-2271. [PMID: 29893224 PMCID: PMC5986687 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 504] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. METHODS Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita. FINDINGS In 2016, HAQ Index performance spanned from a high of 97·1 (95% UI 95·8-98·1) in Iceland, followed by 96·6 (94·9-97·9) in Norway and 96·1 (94·5-97·3) in the Netherlands, to values as low as 18·6 (13·1-24·4) in the Central African Republic, 19·0 (14·3-23·7) in Somalia, and 23·4 (20·2-26·8) in Guinea-Bissau. The pace of progress achieved between 1990 and 2016 varied, with markedly faster improvements occurring between 2000 and 2016 for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia, whereas several countries in Latin America and elsewhere saw progress stagnate after experiencing considerable advances in the HAQ Index between 1990 and 2000. Striking subnational disparities emerged in personal health-care access and quality, with China and India having particularly large gaps between locations with the highest and lowest scores in 2016. In China, performance ranged from 91·5 (89·1-93·6) in Beijing to 48·0 (43·4-53·2) in Tibet (a 43·5-point difference), while India saw a 30·8-point disparity, from 64·8 (59·6-68·8) in Goa to 34·0 (30·3-38·1) in Assam. Japan recorded the smallest range in subnational HAQ performance in 2016 (a 4·8-point difference), whereas differences between subnational locations with the highest and lowest HAQ Index values were more than two times as high for the USA and three times as high for England. State-level gaps in the HAQ Index in Mexico somewhat narrowed from 1990 to 2016 (from a 20·9-point to 17·0-point difference), whereas in Brazil, disparities slightly increased across states during this time (a 17·2-point to 20·4-point difference). Performance on the HAQ Index showed strong linkages to overall development, with high and high-middle SDI countries generally having higher scores and faster gains for non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, countries across the development spectrum saw substantial gains in some key health service areas from 2000 to 2016, most notably vaccine-preventable diseases. Overall, national performance on the HAQ Index was positively associated with higher levels of total health spending per capita, as well as health systems inputs, but these relationships were quite heterogeneous, particularly among low-to-middle SDI countries. INTERPRETATION GBD 2016 provides a more detailed understanding of past success and current challenges in improving personal health-care access and quality worldwide. Despite substantial gains since 2000, many low-SDI and middle-SDI countries face considerable challenges unless heightened policy action and investments focus on advancing access to and quality of health care across key health services, especially non-communicable diseases. Stagnating or minimal improvements experienced by several low-middle to high-middle SDI countries could reflect the complexities of re-orienting both primary and secondary health-care services beyond the more limited foci of the Millennium Development Goals. Alongside initiatives to strengthen public health programmes, the pursuit of universal health coverage hinges upon improving both access and quality worldwide, and thus requires adopting a more comprehensive view-and subsequent provision-of quality health care for all populations. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
87
|
Carvalho F, Gonçalves V, Navarra F, Spiering D. Exclusive vector meson photoproduction with a leading baryon in photon-hadron interactions at hadronic colliders. Int J Clin Exp Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.074002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
88
|
Grangeia A, Alves S, Gonçalves L, Gregório I, Santos AC, Barros H, Barros A, Carvalho F, Moura C. Spectrum of CFTR gene sequence variants in a northern Portugal population. Pulmonology 2018; 24:3-9. [PMID: 29589582 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In Portugal, the spectrum of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene variants is not known. The main objective of this work was to determine the type and frequency of CFTR variants in a sample from northern Portugal by the complete analysis of the CFTR coding sequencing performed in 512 Portuguese children. A total of 30 different CFTR sequence variants, already reported as cystic fibrosis (CF) or CFTR related disorders variants, were detected. Ninety-two children (18.0%; 95%CI: 14.7-21.6) were found to be carriers of one sequence variant and 8 (1.6%; 95%CI: 0.7-3.1) had two sequence variants. Taking into consideration only variants that may cause CF when combined with a pathogenic CF variant, the CF pathogenic variant carrier frequency was 3.3% (95%CI: 1.9-5.3). One (0.2%; 95%CI: 0.01-0.7) child presented two CF pathogenic variants. CONCLUSIONS The majority of CFTR variants detected have been associated with a less severe CF phenotype. A wide spectrum of CFTR variants was identified, confirming the highest CFTR allelic heterogeneity previously reported in Mediterranean country. Additionally, better knowledge about the CFTR sequence variation spectrum may contribute to more efficient genetic testing in the Portuguese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Grangeia
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - S Alves
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - L Gonçalves
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - I Gregório
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - A C Santos
- Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - H Barros
- Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Barros
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - F Carvalho
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - C Moura
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; São João Hospital Centre, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Magalhães N, Carvalho F, Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Human and experimental toxicology of diquat poisoning: Toxicokinetics, mechanisms of toxicity, clinical features, and treatment. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 37:1131-1160. [PMID: 29569487 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118765330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diquat (1,1'-ethylene-2,2'-bipyridinium ion; DQ) is a nonselective quick-acting herbicide, which is used as contact and preharvest desiccant to control terrestrial and aquatic vegetation. Several cases of human poisoning were reported worldwide mainly due to intentional ingestion of the liquid formulations. Its toxic potential results from its ability to produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species through redox cycling processes that can lead to oxidative stress and potentially cell death. Kidney is the main target organ due to DQ toxicokinetics and redox cycling. There is no antidote against DQ intoxications, and the efficacy of treatments currently applied is still unsatisfactory. The aim of this work was to review the most relevant human and experimental findings related to DQ, characterizing its chemistry, activity as herbicide, mechanisms of toxicity, consequences of poisoning, and potential therapeutic approaches taking into account previous experience in developing antidotes for paraquat, a more toxic bipyridinium herbicide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Magalhães
- 1 UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Carvalho
- 1 UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R J Dinis-Oliveira
- 1 UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,2 IINFACTS-Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal.,3 Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Faria J, Barbosa J, Moreira R, Queirós O, Carvalho F, Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Comparative pharmacology and toxicology of tramadol and tapentadol. Eur J Pain 2018; 22:827-844. [PMID: 29369473 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Moderate-to-severe pain represents a heavy burden in patients' quality of life, and ultimately in the society and in healthcare costs. The aim of this review was to summarize data on tramadol and tapentadol adverse effects, toxicity, potential advantages and limitations according to the context of clinical use. We compared data on the pharmacological and toxicological profiles of tramadol and tapentadol, after an extensive literature search in the US National Library of Medicine (PubMed). Tramadol is a prodrug that acts through noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake inhibition, with a weak opioid component added by its metabolite O-desmethyltramadol. Tapentadol does not require metabolic activation and acts mainly through noradrenaline reuptake inhibition and has a strong opioid activity. Such features confer tapentadol potential advantages, namely lower serotonergic, dependence and abuse potential, more linear pharmacokinetics, greater gastrointestinal tolerability and applicability in the treatment of chronic and neuropathic pain. Although more studies are needed to provide clear guidance on the opioid of choice, tapentadol shows some advantages, as it does not require CYP450 system activation and has minimal serotonergic effects. In addition, it leads to less side effects and lower abuse liability. However, in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that tramadol and tapentadol cause similar toxicological damage. In this context, it is important to underline that the choice of opioid should be individually balanced and a tailored decision, based on previous experience and on the patient's profile, type of pain and context of treatment. SIGNIFICANCE This review underlines the need for a careful prescription of tramadol and tapentadol. Although both are widely prescribed synthetic opioid analgesics, their toxic effects and potential dependence are not completely understood yet. In particular, concerning tapentadol, further research is needed to better assess its toxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Faria
- Department of Sciences, IINFACTS, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal.,Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Barbosa
- Department of Sciences, IINFACTS, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal.,Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Moreira
- Department of Sciences, IINFACTS, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - O Queirós
- Department of Sciences, IINFACTS, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - F Carvalho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R J Dinis-Oliveira
- Department of Sciences, IINFACTS, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal.,Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Barboza LGA, Vieira LR, Branco V, Figueiredo N, Carvalho F, Carvalho C, Guilhermino L. Microplastics cause neurotoxicity, oxidative damage and energy-related changes and interact with the bioaccumulation of mercury in the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758). Aquat Toxicol 2018; 195:49-57. [PMID: 29287173 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics pollution is a global paradigm that raises concern in relation to environmental and human health. This study investigated toxic effects of microplastics and mercury in the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), a marine fish widely used as food for humans. A short-term (96 h) laboratory bioassay was done by exposing juvenile fish to microplastics (0.26 and 0.69 mg/L), mercury (0.010 and 0.016 mg/L) and binary mixtures of the two substances using the same concentrations, through test media. Microplastics alone and mercury alone caused neurotoxicity through acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, increased lipid oxidation (LPO) in brain and muscle, and changed the activities of the energy-related enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). All the mixtures caused significant inhibition of brain AChE activity (64-76%), and significant increase of LPO levels in brain (2.9-3.4 fold) and muscle (2.2-2.9 fold) but not in a concentration-dependent manner; mixtures containing low and high concentrations of microplastics caused different effects on IDH and LDH activity. Mercury was found to accumulate in the brain and muscle, with bioaccumulation factors of 4-7 and 25-40, respectively. Moreover, in the analysis of mercury concentrations in both tissues, a significant interaction between mercury and microplastics was found. The decay of mercury in the water increased with microplastics concentration, and was higher in the presence of fish than in their absence. Overall, these results indicate that: microplastics influence the bioaccumulation of mercury by D. labrax juveniles; microplastics, mercury and their mixtures (ppb range concentrations) cause neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and damage, and changes in the activities of energy-related enzymes in juveniles of this species; mixtures with the lowest and highest concentrations of their components induced different effects on some biomarkers. These findings and other published in the literature raise concern regarding high level predators and humans consuming fish being exposed to microplastics and heavy metals, and highlight the need of more research on the topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Gabriel Antão Barboza
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Department of Populations Study, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology & CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Research Group of Ecotoxicology, Stress Ecology and Environmental Health (ECOTOX). ICBAS - Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, 70040-020, Brasília - DF, Brazil.
| | - Luís Russo Vieira
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Department of Populations Study, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology & CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Research Group of Ecotoxicology, Stress Ecology and Environmental Health (ECOTOX). ICBAS - Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vasco Branco
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Neusa Figueiredo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Felix Carvalho
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Carvalho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Lúcia Guilhermino
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Department of Populations Study, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology & CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Research Group of Ecotoxicology, Stress Ecology and Environmental Health (ECOTOX). ICBAS - Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Vos T, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abd-Allah F, Abdulkader RS, Abdulle AM, Abebo TA, Abera SF, Aboyans V, Abu-Raddad LJ, Ackerman IN, Adamu AA, Adetokunboh O, Afarideh M, Afshin A, Agarwal SK, Aggarwal R, Agrawal A, Agrawal S, Ahmadieh H, Ahmed MB, Aichour MTE, Aichour AN, Aichour I, Aiyar S, Akinyemi RO, Akseer N, Al Lami FH, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam N, Alam T, Alasfoor D, Alene KA, Ali R, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Alkerwi A, Alla F, Allebeck P, Allen C, Al-Maskari F, Al-Raddadi R, Alsharif U, Alsowaidi S, Altirkawi KA, Amare AT, Amini E, Ammar W, Amoako YA, Andersen HH, Antonio CAT, Anwari P, Ärnlöv J, Artaman A, Aryal KK, Asayesh H, Asgedom SW, Assadi R, Atey TM, Atnafu NT, Atre SR, Avila-Burgos L, Avokphako EFGA, Awasthi A, Bacha U, Badawi A, Balakrishnan K, Banerjee A, Bannick MS, Barac A, Barber RM, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen T, Barquera S, Barregard L, Barrero LH, Basu S, Battista B, Battle KE, Baune BT, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Beardsley J, Bedi N, Beghi E, Béjot Y, Bekele BB, Bell ML, Bennett DA, Bensenor IM, Benson J, Berhane A, Berhe DF, Bernabé E, Betsu BD, Beuran M, Beyene AS, Bhala N, Bhansali A, Bhatt S, Bhutta ZA, Biadgilign S, Bicer BK, Bienhoff K, Bikbov B, Birungi C, Biryukov S, Bisanzio D, Bizuayehu HM, Boneya DJ, Boufous S, Bourne RRA, Brazinova A, Brugha TS, Buchbinder R, Bulto LNB, Bumgarner BR, Butt ZA, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Cameron E, Car M, Carabin H, Carapetis JR, Cárdenas R, Carpenter DO, Carrero JJ, Carter A, Carvalho F, Casey DC, Caso V, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castle CD, Catalá-López F, Chang HY, Chang JC, Charlson FJ, Chen H, Chibalabala M, Chibueze CE, Chisumpa VH, Chitheer AA, Christopher DJ, Ciobanu LG, Cirillo M, Colombara D, Cooper C, Cortesi PA, Criqui MH, Crump JA, Dadi AF, Dalal K, Dandona L, Dandona R, das Neves J, Davitoiu DV, de Courten B, De Leo DD, Defo BK, Degenhardt L, Deiparine S, Dellavalle RP, Deribe K, Des Jarlais DC, Dey S, Dharmaratne SD, Dhillon PK, Dicker D, Ding EL, Djalalinia S, Do HP, Dorsey ER, dos Santos KPB, Douwes-Schultz D, Doyle KE, Driscoll TR, Dubey M, Duncan BB, El-Khatib ZZ, Ellerstrand J, Enayati A, Endries AY, Ermakov SP, Erskine HE, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Esteghamati A, Estep K, Fanuel FBB, Farinha CSES, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fazeli MS, Feigin VL, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes JC, Ferrari AJ, Feyissa TR, Filip I, Fischer F, Fitzmaurice C, Flaxman AD, Flor LS, Foigt N, Foreman KJ, Franklin RC, Fullman N, Fürst T, Furtado JM, Futran ND, Gakidou E, Ganji M, Garcia-Basteiro AL, Gebre T, Gebrehiwot TT, Geleto A, Gemechu BL, Gesesew HA, Gething PW, Ghajar A, Gibney KB, Gill PS, Gillum RF, Ginawi IAM, Giref AZ, Gishu MD, Giussani G, Godwin WW, Gold AL, Goldberg EM, Gona PN, Goodridge A, Gopalani SV, Goto A, Goulart AC, Griswold M, Gugnani HC, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gupta T, Gupta V, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hailu GB, Hailu AD, Hamadeh RR, Hamidi S, Handal AJ, Hankey GJ, Hanson SW, Hao Y, Harb HL, Hareri HA, Haro JM, Harvey J, Hassanvand MS, Havmoeller R, Hawley C, Hay SI, Hay RJ, Henry NJ, Heredia-Pi IB, Hernandez JM, Heydarpour P, Hoek HW, Hoffman HJ, Horita N, Hosgood HD, Hostiuc S, Hotez PJ, Hoy DG, Htet AS, Hu G, Huang H, Huynh C, Iburg KM, Igumbor EU, Ikeda C, Irvine CMS, Jacobsen KH, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic MB, Jassal SK, Javanbakht M, Jayaraman SP, Jeemon P, Jensen PN, Jha V, Jiang G, John D, Johnson SC, Johnson CO, Jonas JB, Jürisson M, Kabir Z, Kadel R, Kahsay A, Kamal R, Kan H, Karam NE, Karch A, Karema CK, Kasaeian A, Kassa GM, Kassaw NA, Kassebaum NJ, Kastor A, Katikireddi SV, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Keiyoro PN, Kengne AP, Keren A, Khader YS, Khalil IA, Khan EA, Khang YH, Khosravi A, Khubchandani J, Kiadaliri AA, Kieling C, Kim YJ, Kim D, Kim P, Kimokoti RW, Kinfu Y, Kisa A, Kissimova-Skarbek KA, Kivimaki M, Knudsen AK, Kokubo Y, Kolte D, Kopec JA, Kosen S, Koul PA, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko M, Krishnaswami S, Krohn KJ, Kumar GA, Kumar P, Kumar S, Kyu HH, Lal DK, Lalloo R, Lambert N, Lan Q, Larsson A, Lavados PM, Leasher JL, Lee PH, Lee JT, Leigh J, Leshargie CT, Leung J, Leung R, Levi M, Li Y, Li Y, Li Kappe D, Liang X, Liben ML, Lim SS, Linn S, Liu PY, Liu A, Liu S, Liu Y, Lodha R, Logroscino G, London SJ, Looker KJ, Lopez AD, Lorkowski S, Lotufo PA, Low N, Lozano R, Lucas TCD, Macarayan ERK, Magdy Abd El Razek H, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Mahdavi M, Majdan M, Majdzadeh R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra R, Malta DC, Mamun AA, Manguerra H, Manhertz T, Mantilla A, Mantovani LG, Mapoma CC, Marczak LB, Martinez-Raga J, Martins-Melo FR, Martopullo I, März W, Mathur MR, Mazidi M, McAlinden C, McGaughey M, McGrath JJ, McKee M, McNellan C, Mehata S, Mehndiratta MM, Mekonnen TC, Memiah P, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Mengistie MA, Mengistu DT, Mensah GA, Meretoja TJ, Meretoja A, Mezgebe HB, Micha R, Millear A, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Mirarefin M, Mirrakhimov EM, Misganaw A, Mishra SR, Mitchell PB, Mohammad KA, Mohammadi A, Mohammed KE, Mohammed S, Mohanty SK, Mokdad AH, Mollenkopf SK, Monasta L, Montico M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Mori R, Morozoff C, Morrison SD, Moses M, Mountjoy-Venning C, Mruts KB, Mueller UO, Muller K, Murdoch ME, Murthy GVS, Musa KI, Nachega JB, Nagel G, Naghavi M, Naheed A, Naidoo KS, Naldi L, Nangia V, Natarajan G, Negasa DE, Negoi RI, Negoi I, Newton CR, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen TH, Nguyen QL, Nguyen CT, Nguyen G, Nguyen M, Nichols E, Ningrum DNA, Nolte S, Nong VM, Norrving B, Noubiap JJN, O'Donnell MJ, Ogbo FA, Oh IH, Okoro A, Oladimeji O, Olagunju TO, Olagunju AT, Olsen HE, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Ong K, Opio JN, Oren E, Ortiz A, Osgood-Zimmerman A, Osman M, Owolabi MO, PA M, Pacella RE, Pana A, Panda BK, Papachristou C, Park EK, Parry CD, Parsaeian M, Patten SB, Patton GC, Paulson K, Pearce N, Pereira DM, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Peterson CB, Petzold M, Phillips MR, Pigott DM, Pillay JD, Pinho C, Plass D, Pletcher MA, Popova S, Poulton RG, Pourmalek F, Prabhakaran D, Prasad NM, Prasad N, Purcell C, Qorbani M, Quansah R, Quintanilla BPA, Rabiee RHS, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rahimi K, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman MHU, Rahman M, Rai RK, Rajsic S, Ram U, Ranabhat CL, Rankin Z, Rao PC, Rao PV, Rawaf S, Ray SE, Reiner RC, Reinig N, Reitsma MB, Remuzzi G, Renzaho AMN, Resnikoff S, Rezaei S, Ribeiro AL, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Roth GA, Roy A, Rubagotti E, Ruhago GM, Saadat S, Sadat N, Safdarian M, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahathevan R, Salama J, Saleem HOB, Salomon JA, Salvi SS, Samy AM, Sanabria JR, Santomauro D, Santos IS, Santos JV, Santric Milicevic MM, Sartorius B, Satpathy M, Sawhney M, Saxena S, Schmidt MI, Schneider IJC, Schöttker B, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Seedat S, Sepanlou SG, Servan-Mori EE, Setegn T, Shackelford KA, Shaheen A, Shaikh MA, Shamsipour M, Shariful Islam SM, Sharma J, Sharma R, She J, Shi P, Shields C, Shifa GT, Shigematsu M, Shinohara Y, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shirude S, Shishani K, Shrime MG, Sibai AM, Sigfusdottir ID, Silva DAS, Silva JP, Silveira DGA, Singh JA, Singh NP, Sinha DN, Skiadaresi E, Skirbekk V, Slepak EL, Sligar A, Smith DL, Smith M, Sobaih BHA, Sobngwi E, Sorensen RJD, Sousa TCM, Sposato LA, Sreeramareddy CT, Srinivasan V, Stanaway JD, Stathopoulou V, Steel N, Stein MB, Stein DJ, Steiner TJ, Steiner C, Steinke S, Stokes MA, Stovner LJ, Strub B, Subart M, Sufiyan MB, Sunguya BF, Sur PJ, Swaminathan S, Sykes BL, Sylte DO, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Taffere GR, Takala JS, Tandon N, Tavakkoli M, Taveira N, Taylor HR, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Tekelab T, Terkawi AS, Tesfaye DJ, Tesssema B, Thamsuwan O, Thomas KE, Thrift AG, Tiruye TY, Tobe-Gai R, Tollanes MC, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Tortajada M, Touvier M, Tran BX, Tripathi S, Troeger C, Truelsen T, Tsoi D, Tuem KB, Tuzcu EM, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja KN, Undurraga EA, Uneke CJ, Updike R, Uthman OA, Uzochukwu BSC, van Boven JFM, Varughese S, Vasankari T, Venkatesh S, Venketasubramanian N, Vidavalur R, Violante FS, Vladimirov SK, Vlassov VV, Vollset SE, Wadilo F, Wakayo T, Wang YP, Weaver M, Weichenthal S, Weiderpass E, Weintraub RG, Werdecker A, Westerman R, Whiteford HA, Wijeratne T, Wiysonge CS, Wolfe CDA, Woodbrook R, Woolf AD, Workicho A, Xavier D, Xu G, Yadgir S, Yaghoubi M, Yakob B, Yan LL, Yano Y, Ye P, Yimam HH, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Yotebieng M, Younis MZ, Zaidi Z, Zaki MES, Zegeye EA, Zenebe ZM, Zhang X, Zhou M, Zipkin B, Zodpey S, Zuhlke LJ, Murray CJL. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390:1211-1259. [PMID: 28919117 PMCID: PMC5605509 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4400] [Impact Index Per Article: 628.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As mortality rates decline, life expectancy increases, and populations age, non-fatal outcomes of diseases and injuries are becoming a larger component of the global burden of disease. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 328 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. METHODS We estimated prevalence and incidence for 328 diseases and injuries and 2982 sequelae, their non-fatal consequences. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death rates for each condition. For some causes, we used alternative modelling strategies if incidence or prevalence needed to be derived from other data. YLDs were estimated as the product of prevalence and a disability weight for all mutually exclusive sequelae, corrected for comorbidity and aggregated to cause level. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. GBD 2016 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER). FINDINGS Globally, low back pain, migraine, age-related and other hearing loss, iron-deficiency anaemia, and major depressive disorder were the five leading causes of YLDs in 2016, contributing 57·6 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 40·8-75·9 million [7·2%, 6·0-8·3]), 45·1 million (29·0-62·8 million [5·6%, 4·0-7·2]), 36·3 million (25·3-50·9 million [4·5%, 3·8-5·3]), 34·7 million (23·0-49·6 million [4·3%, 3·5-5·2]), and 34·1 million (23·5-46·0 million [4·2%, 3·2-5·3]) of total YLDs, respectively. Age-standardised rates of YLDs for all causes combined decreased between 1990 and 2016 by 2·7% (95% UI 2·3-3·1). Despite mostly stagnant age-standardised rates, the absolute number of YLDs from non-communicable diseases has been growing rapidly across all SDI quintiles, partly because of population growth, but also the ageing of populations. The largest absolute increases in total numbers of YLDs globally were between the ages of 40 and 69 years. Age-standardised YLD rates for all conditions combined were 10·4% (95% UI 9·0-11·8) higher in women than in men. Iron-deficiency anaemia, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, major depressive disorder, anxiety, and all musculoskeletal disorders apart from gout were the main conditions contributing to higher YLD rates in women. Men had higher age-standardised rates of substance use disorders, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and all injuries apart from sexual violence. Globally, we noted much less geographical variation in disability than has been documented for premature mortality. In 2016, there was a less than two times difference in age-standardised YLD rates for all causes between the location with the lowest rate (China, 9201 YLDs per 100 000, 95% UI 6862-11943) and highest rate (Yemen, 14 774 YLDs per 100 000, 11 018-19 228). INTERPRETATION The decrease in death rates since 1990 for most causes has not been matched by a similar decline in age-standardised YLD rates. For many large causes, YLD rates have either been stagnant or have increased for some causes, such as diabetes. As populations are ageing, and the prevalence of disabling disease generally increases steeply with age, health systems will face increasing demand for services that are generally costlier than the interventions that have led to declines in mortality in childhood or for the major causes of mortality in adults. Up-to-date information about the trends of disease and how this varies between countries is essential to plan for an adequate health-system response. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the National Institute on Aging and the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health.
Collapse
|
93
|
Taveira RZ, Moraes J, Silva RMD, Amaral A, Mendonça F, Ponte F, Carvalho F, Pereira A. 026 Evaluation of heat tolerance of Tabapuã bovines in the central region of Brazil. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
94
|
Coelho A, Sousa C, Marinho AS, Barbosa-Sequeira J, Recaman M, Carvalho F. [Post-appendectomy intra-abdominal abscesses: six years' experience in a Pediatric Surgery Department]. Cir Pediatr 2017; 30:152-155. [PMID: 29043693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Post-appendectomy intra-abdominal abscesses are estimated to complicate up to 4.2% of acute non-perforated appendicitis and between 6.7% and 28% acute perforated appendicitis. This study was performed with the aim to review and characterize post-appendectomy intra-abdominal abscesses in our Pediatric Surgery department; to calculate their incidence and to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment modality. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of all patients, under 18 years and with the diagnosis of intra-abdominal abscess post-appendectomy, between January 2010 and December 2015 was performed, taking in account initial surgical approach, type of acute appendicitis, length of hospital stay and the treatment applied. Data were collected by reviewing clinical files. RESULTS In a total of 1,340 appendectomies performed, there were 24 intra-abdominal abscesses identified (1.79%). Eight were feminine and sixteen masculine, and mean age was 11.9 years. In 52% of cases the diagnosis was made in the initial admission. Twelve have been submitted to laparoscopic appendectomy and the other 12 to open appendectomy. Of the 24 patients, only 4 needed a surgical re-intervention, which leaves medical treatment an 83.3% success rate. CONCLUSIONS TThe incidence of intra-abdominal abscesses post-appendectomy, in the studied population, is what was expected and inferior to what's described in the literature. In our sample, conservative management for intra-abdominal abscesses post-appendectomy was successful in most of the cases, only 4 needing further surgical intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Coelho
- Serviço de Cirurgia Pediátrica. Centro Materno Infantil do Norte. Centro Hospitalar do Porto EPE. Portugal
| | - C Sousa
- Serviço de Cirurgia Pediátrica. Centro Materno Infantil do Norte. Centro Hospitalar do Porto EPE. Portugal
| | - A S Marinho
- Serviço de Cirurgia Pediátrica. Centro Materno Infantil do Norte. Centro Hospitalar do Porto EPE. Portugal
| | - J Barbosa-Sequeira
- Serviço de Cirurgia Pediátrica. Centro Materno Infantil do Norte. Centro Hospitalar do Porto EPE. Portugal
| | - M Recaman
- Serviço de Cirurgia Pediátrica. Centro Materno Infantil do Norte. Centro Hospitalar do Porto EPE. Portugal
| | - F Carvalho
- Serviço de Cirurgia Pediátrica. Centro Materno Infantil do Norte. Centro Hospitalar do Porto EPE. Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Affiliation(s)
- F. Carvalho
- Institut für Angewandte Kernphysik, Kemforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Marques PI, Fernandes S, Carvalho F, Barros A, Sousa M, Marques CJ. DNA methylation imprinting errors in spermatogenic cells from maturation arrest azoospermic patients. Andrology 2017; 5:451-459. [PMID: 28296202 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Imprinting errors have been described in spermatozoa from infertile patients with oligozoospermia and azoospermia. However, little is known about methylation of imprinted genes in other spermatogenic cells from azoospermic patients. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the methylation status of single CpGs located in the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of two imprinted genes, one paternally (H19) and one maternally (MEST) methylated, in primary spermatocytes of azoospermic patients presenting complete (MAc, n = 7) and incomplete (MAi, n = 8) maturation arrest, as well as in other spermatogenic cells from MAi patients that presented focus of complete spermatogenesis in some seminiferous tubules. We observed H19 imprinting errors in primary spermatocytes from one MAi patient and MEST imprinting errors in one MAi and two MAc patients. Additionally, H19 imprinting errors were observed in elongated spermatids/spermatozoa from one MAi patient. Nevertheless, no statistical differences were found for H19 and MEST global methylation levels (percentage of methylated and unmethylated CpGs, respectively) between patients with complete and incomplete MA and also between MA groups and a control group. These results provide further evidence that imprinting errors occur in spermatogenic cells from patients presenting impaired spermatogenesis, as we and others have previously described in ejaculated and testicular spermatozoa. As paternal imprinting errors can be transmitted to the embryo by the sperm cell, they can provide a possible explanation for poor embryo development and/or low pregnancy rates as correct expression of imprinted genes is crucial for embryo and placental development and function. Therefore, in cases with male factor infertility where unsuccessful in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments are recurrent, analysis of imprinting marks in spermatozoa might be a useful diagnostic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P I Marques
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Fernandes
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Carvalho
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Barros
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centre for Reproductive Genetics A Barros, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Sousa
- Centre for Reproductive Genetics A Barros, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research-UMIB, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C J Marques
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Alves EE, Brandao P, Magalhaes T, Carvalho F, Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Fatal Intoxications in the North of Portugal: 12 Years of Retrospective Analysis. Curr Drug Saf 2017; 12:39-45. [PMID: 27457768 DOI: 10.2174/1574886311666160724212407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
98
|
Feio-Azevedo R, Costa VM, Ferreira LM, Branco PS, Pereira FC, Bastos ML, Carvalho F, Capela JP. Toxicity of the amphetamine metabolites 4-hydroxyamphetamine and 4-hydroxynorephedrine in human dopaminergic differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol Lett 2017; 269:65-76. [PMID: 28115274 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine (AMPH) is a psychostimulant used worldwide by millions of patients in the clinical treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy or even obesity, and is also a drug of abuse. 4-Hydroxynorephedrine (4-OHNE) and 4-hydroxyamphetamine (4-OHAMPH) are two major metabolites known to persist in the brain longer than AMPH. The contribution of AMPH metabolites for its neurotoxicity is undetermined. We evaluated the toxicity of AMPH and its metabolites 4-OHNE and 4-OHAMPH, obtained by chemical synthesis, in human dopaminergic differentiated SH-SY5Y neurons. Cells were exposed to AMPH (concentration range 0-5mM) or 4-OHAMPH or 4-OHNE (concentration range 0-10mM) for 24 or 48h, and the viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assays. Results showed that for both AMPH and the metabolites a concentration-dependent toxicity was observed. The toxic concentration 50% (TC50) for AMPH and 4-OHNE following 24h exposure was circa 3.5mM and 8mM, respectively. For 4-OHAMPH the TC50 was not reached in the tested concentration range. N-acetyl cysteine, cycloheximide, l-carnitine, and methylphenidate were able to reduce cell death induced by AMPH TC50. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining showed evident signs of late apoptotic cells and necrotic cells following 24h exposure to AMPH 3.50mM. The 4-OHAMPH metabolite at 8.00mM originated few late apoptotic cells, whereas 4-OHNE at 8.00mM resulted in late apoptotic cells and necrotic cells, in a scenario similar to AMPH. In conclusion, the AMPH metabolite 4-OHNE is more toxic than 4-OHAMPH, nonetheless both are less toxic than the parent compound in vitro. The most toxic metabolite 4-OHNE has longer permanence in the brain, rendering likely its contribution for AMPH neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Feio-Azevedo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
| | - V M Costa
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - L M Ferreira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, Portugal
| | - P S Branco
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, Portugal
| | - F C Pereira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Terapêutica Experimental/Instituto de Imagem Biomédica e Ciências da Vida (IBILI), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M L Bastos
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - F Carvalho
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - J P Capela
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; FP-ENAS (Unidade de Investigação UFP em Energia, Ambiente e Saúde), CEBIMED (Centro de Estudos em Biomedicina), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Fonseca DA, Guerra AF, Carvalho F, Fernandes E, Ferreira LM, Branco PS, Antunes PE, Antunes MJ, Cotrim MD. Hyperthermia Severely Affects the Vascular Effects of MDMA and Metabolites in the Human Internal Mammary Artery In Vitro. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2017; 17:405-416. [PMID: 28084566 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-017-9398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
100
|
Carvalho F, Navarra FS. Nuclear effects on tetraquark production by double parton scattering. EPJ Web Conf 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201713706004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|