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Abrol GS, Singh AK, Pal R, Kumar A, Sharma P, Sharma G. Utilization of bottle gourd ( Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.) pomace for the preparation of instant kheer (dessert) mix. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18533. [PMID: 37576206 PMCID: PMC10415662 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bottle gourd pomace, a waste from vegetable processing industry was used to prepare instant kheer (dessert) mix. In this study, the bottle gourd was procured from the farm, washed, grated, steam blanched and the grits were further divided into two parts. One part of grits was dried without juice extraction (BGFD- Bottle gourd fresh dried), while, the other half (BGPD- Bottle gourd pomace dried) was dehydrated after extraction of juice. The dehydrated grits were used for the preparation of kheer mix and the recipe was optimized using RSM Central Composite Design (CCD). The variables were BGFD and BGPD ranged 3-7 g. The other ingredients with the fixed quantities were milk powder (50 g), sugar (15 g), and small cardamom (1 g). The product was selected based on sensory responses like taste, colour, flavour, texture, and overall acceptability (OAA). The software suggested a kheer mix prepared using 7 g BGFD and 3 g BGPD will produce the best sensory scores. The prepared kheer mix had a moisture, TSS, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, total sugars, titratable acidity, crude protein, and crude fat content of 7.9%, 27 °B, 72.21%, 10.79%, 16.75%, 0.896% CA, 10.76%, and 7.63%, respectively. The product was rich in energy (400.55 kcal/100 g), total phenols (4.99 mg/100 g), and exhibited strong antioxidant activity (46%). The total plate count on the product on nutrient agar medium was 4.3 × 106 CFU/g. The kheer could be prepared by adding 140 mL of water to 70 g of water to kheer mix and cooking it for 10 min. Further, to see the credibility and obtain more clearer patterns, the Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied. The overall variation of the BGFD and BGPD on the sensory parameters based on canonical correlation analysis was 92.5%. The sum of Principal Components PC1 and PC2 explained a very high variability (98.2%) among the studied treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghan Shyam Abrol
- Department of Postharvest Technology, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Postharvest Technology, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, India
| | - Ranjit Pal
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Postharvest Technology, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Floriculture and Land Scaping, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Postharvest Technology, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, India
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Gautam S, Kumar R, Bhadoria DP, Mawari G, Kumar N, Daga MK, Pandit S, Anuradha S, Pradhan GS, Garg S, Sharma G, Raghu RV, Ritchie N, Jayamsulekha D. Clinical profile of hospitalised moderate category COVID-19 patients: Short study from a Tertiary Care Centre in Delhi. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:1644-1653. [PMID: 37767420 PMCID: PMC10521840 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2245_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical profile of hospitalized moderate-category COVID-19 patients has been understudied globally and in India. Aim The present study was conducted to study the clinical profile and assess the proportions of patients who progressed to severe disease and its predictors among moderate COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods In this single-center observational study, 100 moderate-category COVID-19 patients as per Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) criteria of age ≥18 years of either sex, excluding pregnant females from February to November 2021, were studied by analyzing their clinical profiles and assessing Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS-2), and chest computed-tomography severity score (CTSS) to predict progression to severe disease. Severe disease was defined as per MoHFW criteria. Results Out of 100 moderate-category COVID-19 patients, progression to severe disease was seen in 11 patients (11%), among which eight patients had expired, three patients were discharged, and the rest of the 89 patients (89%) who did not progress to severe disease were discharged. A higher age (62.2± 19.5 vs 54.8 ± 14.6 years), along with multivariate analysis revealing male sex (1.25 times), chronic kidney disease (2.86 times), leukocytosis (6.10 times), thrombocytopenia (1.04 times), anemia (9.3 times), a higher qSOFA score (3.6 times), and a higher NEWS-2 score on admission (1.56 times) had higher odds of progression to severe disease. A significant correlation (P < .05) of qSOFA score with serum LDH, ferritin, and hs-CRP levels; CT severity score with the serum ferritin, IL-6, and LDH levels; and NEWS-2 with serum LDH, hs-CRP, and ferritin levels were found. Moreover, the NEWS-2 score was found slightly better than qSOFA on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, with an area under the curve of 85.8% and 83.2%, respectively, predicting progression to severe disease. Conclusion Our study revealed male gender, chronic kidney disease, leukocytosis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, a higher qSOFA and NEWS-2 score on admission, and further, NEWS-2 score better than qSOFA on ROC curve analysis, with an area under the curve of 85.8% and 83.2%, respectively, in predicting severe disease among hospitalized moderate COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Gautam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharam Pal Bhadoria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Govind Mawari
- Department of Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Mradul K. Daga
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Pandit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Anuradha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sandeep Garg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - RV Raghu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Nupur Ritchie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Dasari Jayamsulekha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Kakkar RA, Haneen MA, Parida AC, Sharma G. The known, unknown, and the intriguing about members of a critically endangered traditional medicinal plant genus Aconitum. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1139215. [PMID: 37575934 PMCID: PMC10421671 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1139215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Humanity will always be indebted to plants. In the ongoing scientific era, the 'Herbal Revolution' has helped discover several valuable medicinal plants and associated novel secondary metabolites from the diverse unexplored ecosystems, treating several diseases via phytotherapy. The Aconitum genus comprises several economically-important poisonous mountainous medicinal plant species whose unique biodiversity is on the verge of extinction due to illegal human intervention triggered habitat loss, over-harvesting, and unrestricted trading. Owing to its vast diversity of diterpene alkaloids, most species are extensively used to treat several ailments in rural parts of the world. Irrespective of this, many unexplored and intriguing prospects exist to understand and utilize this critical plant for human benefit. This systematic review tries to fill this gap by compiling information from the sporadically available literature known for ~300 Aconitum spp. regarding its nomenclature and classification, endangerment, plant morphology, ploidy, secondary metabolites, drug pharmacokinetics, conservation, and omics-based computational studies. We also depicted the disparity in the studied model organisms for this diverse genus. The absence of genomic/metagenomic data is becoming a limiting factor in understanding its plant physiology, metabolic pathways, and plant-microbes interactions, and therefore must be promoted. Additionally, government support and public participation are crucial in establishing conservation protocols to save this plant from endangerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mariam Azeezuddin Haneen
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
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Jiang Y, Li Z, Sui D, Sharma G, Wang T, MacRenaris K, Takahashi H, Merz K, Hu J. Rational engineering of an elevator-type metal transporter ZIP8 reveals a conditional selectivity filter critically involved in determining substrate specificity. Commun Biol 2023; 6:778. [PMID: 37495662 PMCID: PMC10372143 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05146-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering of transporters to alter substrate specificity as desired holds great potential for applications, including metabolic engineering. However, the lack of knowledge on molecular mechanisms of substrate specificity hinders designing effective strategies for transporter engineering. Here, we applied an integrated approach to rationally alter the substrate preference of ZIP8, a Zrt-/Irt-like protein (ZIP) metal transporter with multiple natural substrates, and uncovered the determinants of substrate specificity. By systematically replacing the differentially conserved residues with the counterparts in the zinc transporter ZIP4, we created a zinc-preferring quadruple variant (Q180H/E343H/C310A/N357H), which exhibited largely reduced transport activities towards Cd2+, Fe2+, and Mn2+ whereas increased activity toward Zn2+. Combined mutagenesis, modeling, covariance analysis, and computational studies revealed a conditional selectivity filter which functions only when the transporter adopts the outward-facing conformation. The demonstrated approach for transporter engineering and the gained knowledge about substrate specificity will facilitate engineering and mechanistic studies of other transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Dexin Sui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Keith MacRenaris
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kenneth Merz
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Singhvi N, Talwar C, Mahanta U, Kaur J, Mondal K, Ahmad N, Tyagi I, Sharma G, Gupta V. Comparative genomics and integrated system biology approach unveiled undirected phylogeny patterns, mutational hotspots, functional patterns, and molecule repurposing for monkeypox virus. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:231. [PMID: 37432480 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis with symptoms that are reminiscent of those experienced in previous smallpox cases. The GSAID database (Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data) was used to assess 630 genomes of MPXV. The phylogenetic study revealed six primary clades, as well as a smaller percentage in radiating clades. Individual clades that make up various nationalities may have formed as a result of a particular SNP hotspot type that mutated in a specific population. The most significant mutation based on a mutational hotspot analysis was found at G3729A and G5143A. The gene ORF138, which encodes the Ankyrin repeat (ANK) protein, was found to have the most mutations. This protein mediates molecular recognition via protein-protein interactions. It was shown that 243 host proteins interacted with 10 monkeypox proteins identified as the hub proteins E3, SPI2, C5, K7, E8, G6, N2, B14, CRMB, and A41 through 262 direct connections. The interaction with chemokine system-related proteins provides further evidence that the monkeypox virus suppresses human proteins to facilitate its survival against innate immunity. Several FDA-approved molecules were evaluated as possible inhibitors of F13, a significant envelope protein on the membrane of extracellular versions of the virus. A total of 2500 putative ligands were individually docked with the F13 protein. The interaction between the F13 protein and these molecules may help prevent the monkeypox virus from spreading. After being confirmed by experiments, these putative inhibitors could have an impact on the activity of these proteins and be used in monkeypox treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirjara Singhvi
- Department of Zoology, School of Allied Sciences, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Chandni Talwar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India, 110007
| | - Utkarsha Mahanta
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560100, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Jasvinder Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110049, India
| | - Krishnendu Mondal
- Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Integrated Regional Office, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Nabeel Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Allied Sciences, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Inderjeet Tyagi
- Centre of DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India,, Kolkata, 700053, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560100, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Vipin Gupta
- Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Integrated Regional Office, Dehradun, 248001, India.
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Narwani TJ, Sharma G, de Brevern AG. Editorial: Flexibility in the genome and proteome: an adaptive toolkit for organisms. Front Genet 2023; 14:1229315. [PMID: 37485333 PMCID: PMC10361655 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1229315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Jairaj Narwani
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité and Université de la Réunion and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, DSIMB, Paris, France
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangāreddi, Telangana, India
| | - Alexandre G. de Brevern
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité and Université de la Réunion and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, DSIMB, Paris, France
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Jagdish B, Balija SS, Yhoshu E, Vathulya M, Menghwani H, Sharma G. A Rare Case of Anorectal Injury Communicating with the Back in a Child. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2023; 28:352-353. [PMID: 37635881 PMCID: PMC10455717 DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_4_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. Jagdish
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Satya Sree Balija
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Enono Yhoshu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Madhubari Vathulya
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Himanshu Menghwani
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Jin ES, Malloy CR, Sharma G, Finn E, Fuller KNZ, Reyes YG, Lovell MA, Derderian SC, Schoen JA, Inge TH, Cree MG. Glycerol as a precursor for hepatic de novo glutathione synthesis in human liver. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102749. [PMID: 37224695 PMCID: PMC10225920 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycerol is a substrate for gluconeogenesis and fatty acid esterification in the liver, processes which are upregulated in obesity and may contribute to excess fat accumulation. Glycine and glutamate, in addition to cysteine, are components of glutathione, the major antioxidant in the liver. In principle, glycerol could be incorporated into glutathione via the TCA cycle or 3-phosphoglycerate, but it is unknown whether glycerol contributes to hepatic de novo glutathione biosynthesis. METHODS Glycerol metabolism to hepatic metabolic products including glutathione was examined in the liver from adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery. Participants received oral [U-13C3]glycerol (50 mg/kg) prior to surgery and liver tissue (0.2-0.7g) was obtained during surgery. Glutathione, amino acids, and other water-soluble metabolites were extracted from the liver tissue and isotopomers were quantified with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS Data were collected from 8 participants (2 male, 6 female; age 17.1 years [range 14-19]; BMI 47.4 kg/m2 [range 41.3-63.3]). The concentrations of free glutamate, cysteine, and glycine were similar among participants, and so were the fractions of 13C-labeled glutamate and glycine derived from [U-13C3]glycerol. The signals from all component amino acids of glutathione - glutamate, cysteine and glycine - were strong and analyzed to obtain the relative concentrations of the antioxidant in the liver. The signals from glutathione containing [13C2]glycine or [13C2]glutamate derived from the [U-13C3]glycerol drink were readily detected, and 13C-labelling patterns in the moieties were consistent with the patterns in corresponding free amino acids from the de novo glutathione synthesis pathway. The newly synthesized glutathione with [U-13C3]glycerol trended to be lower in obese adolescents with liver pathology. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of glycerol incorporation into glutathione through glycine or glutamate metabolism in human liver. This could represent a compensatory mechanism to increase glutathione in the setting of excess glycerol delivery to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsook S Jin
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, 75216, USA
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, 75216, USA
| | - Erin Finn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kelly N Z Fuller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Yesenia Garcia Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Mark A Lovell
- Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Sarkis C Derderian
- Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jonathan A Schoen
- Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Thomas H Inge
- Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, USA
| | - Melanie G Cree
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Rath R, Smitha T, Bhatta A, Nagar SR, Mishra S, Sharma G. Understanding the approach to interpretation and challenges in measurement of pathological depth of invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A cross-sectional survey of oral and maxillofacial pathologists in India. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:481-488. [PMID: 38033975 PMCID: PMC10683922 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To understand the approach to interpretation along with challenges encountered in assessing pathological depth of invasion (pDOI) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as per 8th Edition of TNM-AJCC staging among oral and maxillofacial pathologists in India. Method and Materials A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted (May 2021-October 2021) with a pre-validated 21-item questionnaire. Responses were stored in a Microsoft Excel worksheet and analysed by descriptive statistics using SPSS v 25.0. Results About 69.7% of the 267 respondents correctly defined pDOI while 13.1% measured the same from tumour surface. Among those not reporting pDOI, one-third of respondents (36.6%) lacked requisite awareness about 8th edition staging while more than half of them (55.4%) lacked proper tools to measure. The vst majority of the oral pathologists found pDOI measurement practically challenging (85.8%), mostly with difficulty in obtaining adjacent normal mucosa (77.9%). Selection of reference points of adjacent normal mucosa was divided between deepest point of rete ridge (43.1%), the closest rete ridge (28.8%) and the tip of highest submucosal papilla (15%). Conclusion Underreporting of pDOI was observed owing to inherent challenges in measurement, thus ostensibly substituted with tumour thickness. Elaboration on reference points of adjacent normal mucosa is awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Rath
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - T Smitha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, VS Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Archana Bhatta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Saurabh R. Nagar
- Department of Pathology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, SCB Govt. Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
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Fang L, Chen C, Li S, Ye P, Shi Y, Sharma G, Sarkar B, Shaheen SM, Lee SS, Xiao R, Chen X. A comprehensive and global evaluation of residual antibiotics in agricultural soils: Accumulation, potential ecological risks, and attenuation strategies. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 262:115175. [PMID: 37379666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of antibiotics in agricultural soils has raised concerns due to their potential risks to ecosystems and human health. However, a comprehensive understanding of antibiotic accumulation, distribution, and potential risks to terrestrial ecosystems on a global scale is still limited. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the accumulation of antibiotics and their potential risks to soil microorganisms and plants, and highlighted the driving factors of antibiotic accumulation in agricultural soils based on 134 peer-reviewed studies (between 2000 and 2022). The results indicated that 56 types of antibiotics were detected at least once in agricultural soils with concentrations ranging from undetectable to over 7000 µg/kg. Doxycycline, tylosin, sulfamethoxazole, and enrofloxacin, belonging to the tetracyclines, macrolides, sulfonamides, and fluoroquinolones, respectively, were the most accumulated antibiotics in agricultural soil. The accumulation of TCs, SAs, and FQs was found to pose greater risks to soil microorganisms (average at 29.3%, 15.4%, and 21.8%) and plants (42.4%, 26.0%, and 38.7%) than other antibiotics. East China was identified as a hot spot for antibiotic contamination due to high levels of antibiotic concentration and ecological risk to soil microorganisms and plants. Antibiotic accumulation was found to be higher in vegetable fields (245.5 µg/kg) and orchards (212.4 µg/kg) compared to croplands (137.2 µg/kg). Furthermore, direct land application of manure resulted in a greater accumulation of TCs, SAs, and FQs accumulation in soils than compost fertilization. The level of antibiotics decreased with increasing soil pH and organic matter content, attributed to decreasing adsorption and enhancing degradation of antibiotics. In conclusion, this study highlights the need for further research on the impacts of antibiotics on soil ecological function in agricultural fields and their interaction mechanisms. Additionally, a whole-chain approach, consisting of antibiotic consumption reduction, manure management strategies, and remediation technology for soil contaminated with antibiotics, is needed to eliminate the potential environmental risks of antibiotics for sustainable and green agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfa Fang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Chengyu Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - ShiYang Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Pingping Ye
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yujia Shi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173212 Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173212 Himachal Pradesh, India; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ran Xiao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
| | - Xinping Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
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Amirian J, Wychowaniec JK, Amel Zendehdel E, Sharma G, Brangule A, Bandere D. Versatile Potential of Photo-Cross-Linkable Silk Fibroin: Roadmap from Chemical Processing Toward Regenerative Medicine and Biofabrication Applications. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37353217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, hydrogels have come to the forefront of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their biocompatibility, tunable degradation and low immunogenicity. Due to their porosity and polymeric network built up, it is possible to incorporate inside drugs, bioactive molecules, or other biochemically active monomers. Among biopolymers used for the fabrication of functional hydrogels, silk fibroin (SF) has received considerable research attention owing to its known biocompatibility and tunable range of mechanical properties. However, its relatively simple structure limits the potential usability. One of the emerging strategies is a chemical functionalization of SF, allowing for the introduction of methacrylate groups. This allows the versatile processing capability, including photo-cross-linking, which makes SF a useful polymer as a bioink for 3D printing. The methacrylation reaction has been done using numerous monomers such as methacrylic anhydride (MA), 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM), or glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). In this Review, we summarize the chemical functionalization strategies of SF materials and their resulting physicochemical properties. More specifically, a brief explanation of the different functionalization methods, the cross-linking principles, possibilities, and limitations of methacrylate compound functionalization are provided. In addition, we describe types of functional SF hydrogels and link their design principles to the performance in applications in the broad fields of biofabrication, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. We anticipate that the provided guidelines will contribute to the future development of SF hydrogels and their composites by providing the rational design of new mechanisms linked to the successful realization of targeted biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhaleh Amirian
- Riga Stradins University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
| | | | - Ehsan Amel Zendehdel
- The Faculty of Art and Architecture, Eshragh Institute of Higher Education, F8FQ+9V3 Bojnord, Iran
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
- School of Chemistry, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Agnese Brangule
- Riga Stradins University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
| | - Dace Bandere
- Riga Stradins University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
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Rana SS, Sharma R, Sharma G, Gupta R. Safety and Efficacy of Long-Term Transmural Plastic Stent Placement After Removal of Lumen Apposing Metal Stent in Resolved Pancreatic Fluid Collections with Duct Disconnection at Head/Neck of Pancreas. Dig Dis Sci 2023:10.1007/s10620-023-07973-7. [PMID: 37269369 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Replacing lumen apposing metal stents (LAMS) with permanent indwelling plastic stents after the resolution of pancreatic fluid collections (PFC) in patients with disconnected pancreatic duct (DPD) is a debatable issue. We retrospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of replacing LAMS with long-term indwelling transmural plastic stents in patients with DPD at head/neck of pancreas. METHODS The database of patients with PFC who underwent endoscopic transmural drainage with LAMS over the last three years was retrospectively analyzed to identify patients with DPD at the level of the head/neck of the pancreas. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A where LAMS could be replaced with plastic stents and Group B, where LAMS could not be replaced with plastic stents. The two groups were compared for recurrence of symptoms/PFC and complications. RESULTS Out of 53 patients studied, 39 patients (34 males; mean age: 35.7 ± 6.6 years) were included in Group A and 14 patients in Group B (11 males; mean age: 33.4 ± 5.9 years). The demographic profile as well as indwelling time of LAMS was comparable between two groups. PFC recurrence was observed in 2/39 (5.1%) patients in group A and 6/14 (42.8%) patients in group B (p = 0.0001) with one patient in group A and 5 patients in group B requiring repeat intervention for recurrent PFC. CONCLUSIONS Long-term transmural plastic stent placement after removal of LAMS in pancreatic duct disconnection at head/neck of the pancreas is safe and effective strategy to prevent the recurrence of PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder S Rana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Ravi Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
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Sharma G, Jafari M, Merz KM. Getting zinc into and out of cells. Methods Enzymol 2023; 687:263-278. [PMID: 37666635 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels are specialized proteins located on the plasma membrane and control the movement of ions across the membrane. Zn ion plays an indispensable role as a structural constituent of various proteins, moreover, it plays an important dynamic role in cell signaling. In this chapter, we discuss computational insights into zinc efflux and influx mechanism through YiiP (from Escherichia coli and Shewanella oneidensis) and BbZIP (Bordetella bronchiseptica) transporters, respectively. Gaining knowledge about the mechanism of zinc transport at the molecular level can aid in developing treatments for conditions such as diabetes and cancer by manipulating extracellular and intracellular levels of zinc ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Majid Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kenneth M Merz
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
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Krishnarjuna B, Sharma G, Ravula T, Ramamoorthy A. Factors influencing the detergent-free membrane protein isolation using synthetic nanodisc-forming polymers. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.12.540572. [PMID: 37214793 PMCID: PMC10197705 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.12.540572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The detergent-free isolation of membrane proteins using synthetic polymers is becoming the desired approach for functional and structural studies of membrane proteins. Since the expression levels for many membrane proteins are low and a high yield of functionalized reconstituted membrane proteins is essential for in vitro studies, it is crucial to optimize the experimental conditions for a given polymer to effectively solubilize target membranes/proteins. The factors that affect membrane solubilization and subsequently the isolation of a target membrane protein include polymer concentration, polymer charge, temperature, pH, and concentration of divalent metal ions. Therefore, it is important to have knowledge about the efficacy of different types of polymers in solubilizing cell membranes. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of inulin-based non-ionic polymers in solubilizing E. coli membranes enriched with rat flavin mononucleotide binding-domain (FBD) of cytochrome-P450-reductase (CPR) and rabbit cytochrome-b5 (Cyt-b5) under various solubilization conditions. Our results show that a 1:1 (w/w) membrane:polymer ratio, low temperature, high pH and sub-millimolar concentration of metal ions favor the solubilization of E. coli membrane enriched with FBD or Cyt-b5. Conversely, the presence of excess divalent metal ions affected the final protein levels in the polymer-solubilized samples. We believe that the results from this study provides knowledge to assess and plan the use of non-ionic polymers in membrane protein studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thirupathi Ravula
- Biophysics Program, Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, and Michigan Neuroscience Institute, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics Program, Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, and Michigan Neuroscience Institute, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Barron I, Sharma G. Optimized Modulation and Coding for Dual Modulated QR Codes. IEEE Trans Image Process 2023; 32:2800-2810. [PMID: 37145944 DOI: 10.1109/tip.2023.3272468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We present optimized modulation and coding for the recently introduced dual modulated QR (DMQR) codes that extend traditional QR codes to carry additional secondary data in the orientation of elliptical dots that replace black modules in the barcode images. By dynamically adjusting the dot size, we realize gains in embedding strength for both the intensity modulation and the orientation modulation that carry the primary and secondary data, respectively. Furthermore, we develop a model for the coding channel for the secondary data that enables soft-decoding via 5G NR (new radio) codes already supported by mobile devices. The performance gains for the proposed optimized designs are characterized via theoretical analysis, simulations, and actual experiments using smartphone devices. The theoretical analysis and simulations inform our design choices for the modulation and coding, and the experiments characterize the overall improvement in performance for the optimized design over the prior unoptimized designs. Importantly, the optimized designs significantly increase usability of DMQR codes with commonly used QR code beautification that cannibalizes a portion of the barcode image area for the insertion of a logo or image. In experiments with a capture distance of 15 inches, the optimized designs increase the decoding success rates between 10% and 32% for the secondary data while also providing gains for primary data decoding at larger capture distances. When used with beautification in typical settings, the secondary message is decoded with a high success rate for the proposed optimized designs, whereas it invariably fails for the prior unoptimized designs.
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Sharma G, Chakole S, Prasad R, Wanjari MB, Sharma R. A Review on Preventing Tragedy: Strategies to Combat the Devastating Effects of Adolescent Drug Overdoses. Cureus 2023; 15:e39132. [PMID: 37378166 PMCID: PMC10292105 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent drug overdose deaths are a growing public health crisis, with significant consequences for individuals, families, and communities. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of prevention strategies to combat the devastating effects of adolescent drug overdose. Drawing on a comprehensive literature search of electronic databases, the article evaluates the effectiveness of prevention strategies and identifies risk factors associated with overdose deaths. The review outlines three key prevention strategies, including education and awareness programs, access to treatment and support services, and policy changes and regulations. The article also discusses the limitations and challenges of prevention efforts, including limited access to treatment and support services, the need for more research on effective prevention strategies, and the ongoing challenges posed by the opioid epidemic and the emergence of new synthetic drugs. Overall, this review highlights the urgent need for continued research, innovative prevention strategies, and effective policies to prevent adolescent drug use and overdose deaths and promote healthier communities for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Swarupa Chakole
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Roshan Prasad
- Medicine and Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Mayur B Wanjari
- Research and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ranjana Sharma
- Medical Surgical Nursing, Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Sharma VK, Kathrotia R, Barde PB, Sharma G, Chitturi V, Parmar N, Dhruva G, Kavathia G. COVID-19-induced Stress in Health-care Workers: Effect of 8-week Common Yoga Protocol on Autonomic Function and Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers. Int J Yoga 2023; 16:79-89. [PMID: 38204773 PMCID: PMC10775844 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_127_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 pandemic posed a huge stress on health-care givers affecting their physical and mental health. Wellness strategies like yoga can improve flexibility, resilience, and outlook. Aim The present study explored the effect of 8-week standard common yoga protocol (CYP) intervention on autonomic functions, emotional stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation markers in the nurse group of health-care givers. Materials and Methods It is a randomized controlled trial where 50 nurses underwent CYP and 50 participated as controls. Anthropometric parameters, cardiovascular parameters, autonomic function including time and frequency domain parameters, biochemical parameters, and psychological stress using the questionnaire were assessed before and after 8-week CYP. Results Total 88 nurses completed the study with 42 and 46 participants, respectively, in the CYP and control groups. CYP intervention resulted in a significant reduction in cardiovascular parameters systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and rate pressure product (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.002, respectively), perceived stress score and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale psychological variables of depression, anxiety, and stress, and serum lipid parameters compared to the control group. CYP significantly increased total power, low frequency, high frequency, root mean square of successive differences between adjacent NN intervals, change in successive normal sinus (NN) intervals exceeds 50 ms, and pNN50% (P < 0.001, P = 0.006, P = 0.006, P = 0.039, P < 0.001, and P = 0.013, respectively) suggesting improved resting autonomic modulation and parasympathodominance due to higher vagal efferent activity. There were significant reductions in serum cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6 in both the groups. Serum telomerase significantly reduced (P = 0.024) and total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.036) increased in the CYP group post intervention. Conclusion CYP intervention was beneficial in improving psychophysiological, autonomic, and biochemical profile of the nurse group of health-care workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Sharma
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Kathrotia
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradip B. Barde
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Vinay Chitturi
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Naresh Parmar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Gauravi Dhruva
- Department of Pathology, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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Sharma G, Enriquez JS, Armijo R, Wang M, Bhattacharya P, Pudakalakatti S. Enhancing Cancer Diagnosis with Real-Time Feedback: Tumor Metabolism through Hyperpolarized 1- 13C Pyruvate MRSI. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050606. [PMID: 37233647 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article discusses the potential of hyperpolarized (HP) 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) as a noninvasive technique for identifying altered metabolism in various cancer types. Hyperpolarization significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio for the identification of 13C-labeled metabolites, enabling dynamic and real-time imaging of the conversion of [1-13C] pyruvate to [1-13C] lactate and/or [1-13C] alanine. The technique has shown promise in identifying upregulated glycolysis in most cancers, as compared to normal cells, and detecting successful treatment responses at an earlier stage than multiparametric MRI in breast and prostate cancer patients. The review provides a concise overview of the applications of HP [1-13C] pyruvate MRSI in various cancer systems, highlighting its potential for use in preclinical and clinical investigations, precision medicine, and long-term studies of therapeutic response. The article also discusses emerging frontiers in the field, such as combining multiple metabolic imaging techniques with HP MRSI for a more comprehensive view of cancer metabolism, and leveraging artificial intelligence to develop real-time, actionable biomarkers for early detection, assessing aggressiveness, and interrogating the early efficacy of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - José S Enriquez
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 75390, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ryan Armijo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 75390, USA
| | - Muxin Wang
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 75390, USA
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 75390, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 75390, USA
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Collier AB, Viswanadhapalli S, Lee TK, Kassees K, Parra K, Sharma G, Reese T, Hsieh M, Liu X, Yang X, Ebrahimi B, Pratap UP, Gopalam R, Chen CY, Elmore ST, Sareddy GR, Kost ER, Ahn JM, Raj GV, Vadlamudi RK. Abstract 3986: Novel LIPA targeted therapy for treating ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer (OCa) is the deadliest of all gynecologic cancers in the United States. Currently approved therapies have improved OCa survival for clinically localized disease, however, the majority (~90%) of patients with high-grade serous OCa (HGSOC) experience relapse with incurable metastases. There is a dire need for new therapeutic approaches. We hypothesized that the high basal endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in OCa represents a critical and targetable vulnerability and may overcome the tumor heterogeneity. The objective of this project is to exploit increased ERS in ovarian cancer cells by engaging the novel target LIPA using the unique compound ERX-41.
METHODS: The utility of ERX-41 as a new therapy was evaluated using MTT and CellTiter-Glo Cell Viability Assays. We used multiple established and patient derived OCa cell lines. The effect of ERX-41 on the Cell viability of patient-derived organoids (PDO) was measured using CellTiter-Glo 3D Assay. Long term effects of ERX-41 on cell survival were measured using colony formation assays. Apoptosis was measured using Annexin V and Caspase-Glo® 3/7 Assays. Cell cycle analysis was analyzed by Flow Cytometry. Mechanistic studies were done using LIPA knockout (KO) cells, RT-qPCR, and western blotting. Status of LIPA in OCa was determined using TNMplot database. In vivo efficacy of ERX-41 was tested using both cell line derived (CDX) and patient derived (PDXs) xenografts.
RESULTS: TNM plot results showed that LIPA is highly expressed in OCa tumors compared to normal tissues and LIPA expression correlated with clinical grade. Kaplan-Meier plotter analyses of TCGA data revealed that LIPA expression is negatively correlated with overall survival in OCa patients. MTT and CellTitre-Glo assay results showed that ERX-41 significantly reduced the cell viability of both established and primary OCa cells, and PDO’s with an IC50 of ~500nM. ERX-41 treatment also significantly reduced the cell survival, increased S-phase arrest, and promoted apoptosis of OCa cells. A time course study revealed a robust and consistent induction of ERS markers (CHOP and sXBP1) in OCa cells by ERX-41 within 4h. Western blotting analyses also confirmed increased expression of ERS markers including CHOP, elF2α, PERK, and ATF4 upon ERX-41 treatment confirming that ERX-41 induces ERS. In xenograft studies, ERX-41 treatment resulted in ~66% reduction of tumor volume measured by Xenogen-IVIS. Further, in studies using PDX tumors, treatment with ERX-41 resulted in a significant reduction (~60%) of tumor volume and tumor weight.
CONCLUSION: Collectively, our results suggest that ERX-41 is a novel therapeutic agent that targets the LIPA with a unique mechanism of action and implicate ERX-41 binding to LIPA induces ER stress, and apoptosis of OCa cells. Further molecular characterization of how ERX-41 binding to LIPA induces ER stress in OCa cells is ongoing.
Citation Format: Alexia B. Collier, Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli, Tae-Kyung Lee, Kara Kassees, Karla Parra, Gaurav Sharma, Tanner Reese, Michael Hsieh, Xihui Liu, Xue Yang, Behnam Ebrahimi, Uday P. Pratap, Rahul Gopalam, Chia Yuan Chen, Scott Terry Elmore, Gangadhara Reddy Sareddy, Edward R. Kost, Jung-Mo Ahn, Ganesh V. Raj, Ratna K. Vadlamudi. Novel LIPA targeted therapy for treating ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3986.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xihui Liu
- 3UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Xue Yang
- 1UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Uday P. Pratap
- 1UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Rahul Gopalam
- 1UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | | | | | - Edward R. Kost
- 1UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
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Viswanadhapalli S, Lee TK, Kassees K, Sharma G, Gopalam R, Parra K, Reese T, Hsieh M, Pratap UP, Yang X, Ebrahimi B, Chen CY, Elmore ST, Cervantes C, Xu Z, Kost E, Sareddy GR, Tekmal RR, Ann JM, Raj GV, Vadlamudi RK. Abstract 4813: ERX-208 as a novel therapeutic for treating ovarian cancer by enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-4813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer (OCa) is the deadliest of all gynecologic cancers in the United States. Despite initial response to chemotherapy, most OCa patients become chemo resistant and progress to metastatic disease. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the high basal level of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in OCa represents a critical vulnerability and drugs that further aggravate this already engaged system in OCa may exhaust its protective features and contribute to apoptosis induction. The objective of this proposal is to identify a hit compound that enhances ERS in OCa and to conduct mechanistic studies.
Methods: We synthesized a small library of >200 chemically distinct oligobenzamide analogs with maintenance of the chemical backbone but altered R groups of ERX-11. We performed the primary screening of this library to evaluate the induction of mRNA levels of two canonical ERS/UPR (unfolded protein response) genes- sXBP1 and CHOP. Biological activity of ERX-208 was validated using multiple OCa cells. Mechanistic studies were conducted using CRISPR/Cas9 KO, Western blotting, reporter gene assays, IHC and RNA-seq analysis. PK (pharmacokinetics) and toxicity studies were done using C57BL/6 mice. Cell line-derived xenografts (CDXs), patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), patient-derived explants (PDEs), and patient-derived organoids (PDO) were used for preclinical evaluation.
Results: From a screen of a curated ERX-11 derived oligobenzamide library, we identified a hit compound, ERX-208 that potently (IC50~100nM) induces ERS/UPR and apoptosis in multiple OCa cells in vitro. CRISPR KO screen identified the lysosomal acid lipase A (LIPA) protein as the critical target of ERX-208. LIPA KO abrogates response to ERX-208, while reconstitution of LIPA restores ERX-208 response. The time course studies showed a robust and consistent induction (>15-fold CHOP, and >10-fold sXBP1) by ERX-208 treatment within 24h. We confirmed induction of classic UPR components peIF2α, CHOP and LC3B using Western blotting in multiple OCa cells. Functionally, ERX-208 causes growth inhibition of OCa cells, as noted by MTT cell viability assays using 15 OCa cells with an IC50 of ~50-100nM. The activity of ERX-208 is distinct among oligobenzamides as ERX-11 has limited/no activity against OCa cells. RNA-seq analysis confirmed that ERX-208 induces significant ERS, UPR, and apoptosis. Further, ERX-208 reduced the growth of OCa PDO’s in vitro, PDEs ex vivo and CDXs and PDXs in vivo. ERX-208 treatment did not show any signs of toxicity and body weight of mice was not affected. IHC analyses showed increased activation of ERS/UPR markers such as GRP78, p-PERK and decreased proliferation measured by Ki67.
Conclusions: Collectively, our results demonstrated the utility of ERX-208 and will establish a novel therapeutic paradigm in OCa that overcomes tumor heterogeneity by targeting LIPA and enhancing ERS leading to apoptosis.
Citation Format: Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli, Tae-Kyung Lee, Kara Kassees, Gaurav Sharma, Rahul Gopalam, Karla Parra, Tanner Reese, Michael Hsieh, Uday P. Pratap, Xue Yang, Behnam Ebrahimi, Chia Yuan Chen, Scott Terry Elmore, Christian Cervantes, Zhenming Xu, Edward Kost, Gangadhara Reddy Sareddy, Rajeshwar Rao Tekmal, Jung-Mo Ann, Ganesh V. Raj, Ratna K. Vadlamudi. ERX-208 as a novel therapeutic for treating ovarian cancer by enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4813.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rahul Gopalam
- 1UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | | | | | - Uday P. Pratap
- 1UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Xue Yang
- 1UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhenming Xu
- 1UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Edward Kost
- 1UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
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Das S, Chatterjee N, Munjal M, Sharma G. G-PACK block for post-operative analgesia in a patient with morbid obesity. Saudi J Anaesth 2023; 17:287-288. [PMID: 37260670 PMCID: PMC10228850 DOI: 10.4103/sja.sja_381_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samaresh Das
- Consultant in Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Yeovil, Somerset, BA21 4AT, United Kingdom
| | - Nilay Chatterjee
- Consultant in Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Yeovil, Somerset, BA21 4AT, United Kingdom
| | - Manish Munjal
- Medical Director and Senior Consultant in Anaesthetics and Intensive Care, Manglam Medicity Hospital, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Palliative Medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Sharma G, Vela R, Powell L, Malloy C, Jessen M, Peltz M. Metabolic Analysis of Human Hearts Preserved with a Novel Hypothermic Perfusion System. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Naruse TK, Konishi-Takemura M, Yanagida R, Sharma G, Vajpayee M, Terunuma H, Mehra NK, Kaur G, Kimura A. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor three domains long cytoplasmic tail 1 gene *007 may modulate disease progression of human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in the Japanese population. Int J Immunogenet 2023; 50:48-52. [PMID: 36807537 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
One of the KIR allele, KIR3DL1*007, was associated with the progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and not with the susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in the Japanese and Indian populations, implying that KIR3DL1*007-positive NK cells might eliminate HIV-infected cells less effectively than NK cells bearing the other KIR3DL1 alleles or KIR3DS1 alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko K Naruse
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Makiko Konishi-Takemura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Yanagida
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhu Vajpayee
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Narinder K Mehra
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Akinori Kimura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Sharma G, Vela R, Powell L, Mizerska M, Deja S, Burgess S, Malloy C, Jessen M, Peltz M. Metabolic Indicators in Donor Hearts Following Conventional and Temperature Controlled Storage. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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75
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Prachi P, Aiyer HM, Sharma G, Shrivastav AK. A Commoner at an Extremely Rare Site: A Case of Dorsal Intramedullary Spinal Dermoid Cyst. Asian J Neurosurg 2023; 18:219-222. [PMID: 37056901 PMCID: PMC10089744 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1764326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractIntramedullary dorsal dermoid cysts are rare benign tumors, arising from the nests of embryonic ectoderm, which get buried or trapped under the lines of fusion of the ectodermal folds in the developing embryo. We present a rare case of intramedullary dermoid cyst in a 30-year-old asymptomatic female, who presented with paraplegia and ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging was suggestive of neoplastic intramedullary mass. Intraoperatively, findings were suspicious of tuberculosis, but on final histopathological evaluation, the final and definitive diagnosis of intramedullary dermoid cyst was rendered. The postoperative phase was uneventful.
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Singh DK, Sharma G, Chand VK, Kaif M, Yadav K. Comparative Study of Intraoperative Fluorescein and Indocyanine Green Videoangiography for Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms Clipping: A Single Centre Study of 30 Cases. Asian J Neurosurg 2023; 18:25-29. [PMID: 37056891 PMCID: PMC10089731 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study assesses the application of microscope integrated videoangiography techniques in aneurysm clipping surgery using Indocyanine Green and Fluorescein fluorophores and evaluates merits and demerits of each technique.
Materials and Methods Total 30 patients of cerebral aneurysmal clipping were included. Standard microsurgical procedures were done. After clipping, we administered a 25 mg bolus intravenous dose of indocyanine green with microscope focused through the INFRARED 800 camera module, followed by administration of 60 mg bolus intravenous dose of fluorescein with microscope focused through the yellow 560 module and images were assessed.
Results The average aneurysm size was 17 mm. In 12 patients (40%), FL-VA allowed better assessment of perforating arteries (seven cases) or distal branches (three cases) or both (two cases), when compared with ICG-VA. In one case of MCA (M1) aneurysm, ICG-VA showed no fluorescent signal in one of the distal trunks whereas FL-VA showed normal signal. In one case of ACOM aneurysm, perforators were missed on ICG-VA but were seen on FL-VA. FL-VA was able to identify inadequate aneurysm clipping in one case. In two patients, FL-VA provided the advantage of real-time manipulation of the vessels to expose the vessels and aneurysms of interest. Fluorescein detected all the perforators that were visible under white light (68/68) whereas ICG was able to detect 56 (82.35%) perforators (p-value< 0.05).
Conclusion Intraoperative ICG and Fluorescein videoangiography recognize inadequate occlusion of aneurysm, decreased flow in branches or perforators. When various study parameters were considered such as ability to assess small size perforators, branching vessels, adequacy of aneurysmal clipping, and useful information on repeat imaging, FL-VA was found superior to ICG-VA.
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Dhiman P, Rana G, Kumar A, Dawi EA, Sharma G. Rare Earth Doped ZnO Nanoparticles as Spintronics and Photo Catalyst for Degradation of Pollutants. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062838. [PMID: 36985808 PMCID: PMC10058257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic water contamination is a growing environmental problem in the present day. As a result, water treatment is required for its reduction and elimination. Due to their important role in resolving this issue, photocatalysts have drawn a great deal of interest over the past few decades. When non-biodegradable organic matter is present in polluted water, the photo catalytic process, which is both environmentally friendly and an improved oxidation method, can be an effective means of remediation. In this regard, we report the successful synthesis of pure phased rare earth doped ZnO nanoparticles for tetracycline degradation. The prepared catalysts were systematically characterized for structural, optical, and magnetic properties. The optical band gap was tailored by rare earth doping, with redshift for Sm and Dy doped nanoparticles and blueshift for Nd doped ZnO nanoparticles. The analysis of photoluminescence spectra revealed information about the defect chemistry of all synthesised nanoparticles. Magnetic studies revealed that all synthesized diluted magnetic semiconductors exhibit room temperature ferromagnetism and can be employed for spintronic applications. Moreover, Dy doped ZnO nanoparticles were found to exhibit a maximum degradation efficiency of 74.19% for tetracycline (TCN) removal. The synthesized catalysts were also employed for the degradation of Malachite green (MG), and Crystal violet (CV) dyes. The maximum degradation efficiency achieved was 97.18% for MG and 98% for CV for Dy doped ZnO nanoparticles. The degradation mechanism involved has been discussed in view of the reactive species determined from scavenging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dhiman
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Garima Rana
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Elmuez A Dawi
- Nonlinear Dynamics Research Centre (NDRC), College of Humanities and Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
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Chand S, Tong Q, Thapa S, Babayale O, McCrea H, Sharma G. HARD TO STOMACH: SEVERE MITRAL STENOSIS FROM GASTRIC COMPRESSION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(23)02876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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79
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Sharma G, De S, Mandal U, Bhattacherjee R, Suman DS. Ecological variations in adult life table attributes of Aedes aegypti (L.) from the desert and coastal regions of India. Med Vet Entomol 2023; 37:164-169. [PMID: 36070098 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ecological variation in biological and adult life-table attributes of two populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from the desert (Jodhpur) and coastal (Kolkata) regions of India are assessed to understand the reproductive and survival strategies. The results showed that females lived longer than males in both strains. The desert strain was more r-strategist because of its higher intrinsic rate of increase (rm = 0.23), finite rate of increase (λ = 1.25), lower life expectancy of males (7.9 days) and females (14.4 days), mean generation time (T = 19.2 days) and doubling time (DT = 3.0 days). However, there was no difference in net reproductive rate (R0 ) between the desert and coastal strains. The coastal strain showed a longer female life expectancy (22.0 days) than the desert strain (14.4 days). However, the fecundity (eggs/female/day) was lower in the coastal strain (11.4) than in the desert strain (15.1). Conclusively, the desert (Jodhpur) strain is adapted to a better r-strategy than the coastal (Kolkata) strain of Ae. aegypti, which might be helpful to flourish in harsh environmental conditions. This study may provide accurate predictions of Ae. aegypti population dynamics for vector management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Diptera Section, Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik De
- Diptera Section, Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Udita Mandal
- Diptera Section, Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Rashmi Bhattacherjee
- Diptera Section, Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Devi Shankar Suman
- Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Gopalpur-On-Sea, Ganjam, Odisha, India
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80
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Sharma G, Maptue N, Rahim M, Trigo Mijes ML, Hever T, Wen X, Funk AM, Malloy CR, Young JD, Khemtong C. Oxidation of hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]pyruvate in isolated rat kidneys. NMR Biomed 2023; 36:e4857. [PMID: 36285844 PMCID: PMC9980878 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Kidneys play a central role in numerous disorders but current imaging methods have limited utility to probe renal metabolism. Hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C magnetic resonance imaging is uniquely suited to provide metabolite-specific information about key biochemical pathways and it offers the further advantage that renal imaging is practical in humans. This study evaluated the feasibility of hyperpolarization examinations in a widely used model for analysis of renal physiology, the isolated kidney, which enables isolation of renal metabolism from the effects of other organs and validation of HP results by independent measurements. Isolated rat kidneys were supplied with either HP [1-13 C]pyruvate only or HP [1-13 C]pyruvate plus octanoate. Metabolic activity in both groups was confirmed by stable renal oxygen consumption. HP [1-13 C]pyruvate was readily metabolized to [13 C]bicarbonate, [1-13 C]lactate, and [1-13 C]alanine, detectable seconds after HP [1-13 C]pyruvate was injected. Octanoate suppressed but did not eliminate the production of HP [13 C]bicarbonate from [1-13 C]pyruvate. Steady-state flux analyses using non-HP 13 C substrates validated the utilization of HP [1-13 C]pyruvate, as observed by HP 13 C NMR. In the presence of octanoate, lactate is generated from a tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate, oxaloacetate. The isolated rat kidney may serve as an excellent model for investigating and establishing new HP 13 C metabolic probes for future kidney imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nesmine Maptue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mohsin Rahim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Miriam L. Trigo Mijes
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Hever
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexander M. Funk
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Craig R. Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jamey D. Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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81
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Islam ST, Jolivet NY, Cuzin C, Belgrave AM, My L, Fleuchot B, Faure LM, Mahanta U, Kezzo AA, Saïdi F, Sharma G, Fiche JB, Bratton BP, Herrou J, Nollmann M, Shaevitz JW, Durand E, Mignot T. Unmasking of the von Willebrand A-domain surface adhesin CglB at bacterial focal adhesions mediates myxobacterial gliding motility. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eabq0619. [PMID: 36812310 PMCID: PMC9946355 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The predatory deltaproteobacterium Myxococcus xanthus uses a helically-trafficked motor at bacterial focal-adhesion (bFA) sites to power gliding motility. Using total internal reflection fluorescence and force microscopies, we identify the von Willebrand A domain-containing outer-membrane (OM) lipoprotein CglB as an essential substratum-coupling adhesin of the gliding transducer (Glt) machinery at bFAs. Biochemical and genetic analyses reveal that CglB localizes to the cell surface independently of the Glt apparatus; once there, it is recruited by the OM module of the gliding machinery, a heteroligomeric complex containing the integral OM β barrels GltA, GltB, and GltH, as well as the OM protein GltC and OM lipoprotein GltK. This Glt OM platform mediates the cell-surface accessibility and retention of CglB by the Glt apparatus. Together, these data suggest that the gliding complex promotes regulated surface exposure of CglB at bFAs, thus explaining the manner by which contractile forces exerted by inner-membrane motors are transduced across the cell envelope to the substratum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim T. Islam
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- PROTEO, the Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS - Université Aix-Marseille UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Y. Jolivet
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- PROTEO, the Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Clémence Cuzin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS - Université Aix-Marseille UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Akeisha M. Belgrave
- Integrated Sciences Program, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Harrisburg, PA 17101, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Laetitia My
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS - Université Aix-Marseille UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Betty Fleuchot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS - Université Aix-Marseille UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Laura M. Faure
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS - Université Aix-Marseille UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Utkarsha Mahanta
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City, Bengaluru-560100, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana-502284, India
| | - Ahmad A. Kezzo
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- PROTEO, the Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Fares Saïdi
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- PROTEO, the Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City, Bengaluru-560100, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana-502284, India
| | - Jean-Bernard Fiche
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin P. Bratton
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Julien Herrou
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS - Université Aix-Marseille UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Marcelo Nollmann
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Joshua W. Shaevitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Eric Durand
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS - Université Aix-Marseille UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Tâm Mignot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS - Université Aix-Marseille UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France
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Buteau JP, Moon D, Fahey MT, Roberts M, Thompson J, Murphy DG, Papa N, Mitchell C, Kasivisvanathan V, Stricker P, O'Brien J, Counter W, Sharma G, Agrawal S, Ho B, Yeung T, De Abreu Lourenço R, Dhillon HM, Hofman MS, Emmett L. PRIMARY2: A phase III, multi-centre, randomised controlled trial investigating the additive diagnostic value of [ 68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in men with negative/equivocal MRI in the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2023.41.6_suppl.tps397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
TPS397 Background: Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an established role for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (sPCa), with superior diagnostic accuracy compared with transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy alone. PRIMARY demonstrated significant improvement in sensitivity (97% vs 83%) and negative predictive value (91% vs 72%) with the addition of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT (PSMA PET/CT) vs MRI alone. Furthermore, 38% of patients with PI-RADS 2 or 3 were true negative on PSMA PET/CT, a population which may potentially benefit from avoiding transperineal prostate biopsy (TPPB). We hypothesize that the addition of PSMA PET/CT is non-inferior to MRI for the detection of sPCa in men with PI-RADS 2-3 disease, while providing the advantages of reducing unnecessary biopsies and limiting to targeted-only TPPB. Methods: This multi-centre, two-arm, randomized controlled, phase III trial will recruit 660 men with high clinical suspicion of sPC. Participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio in permuted blocks, stratified by center. In the experimental arm, participants will undergo a pelvic PSMA PET/CT. Local and central reviewers will interpret independently, based on the PRIMARY Score. Participants with a positive result will undergo targeted-TPPB, whereas those with negative PSMA PET/CT will avoid biopsy. In the control arm, all participants undergo template-TPPB. Patients will continue follow-up for subsequent clinical care for up to two years post-randomization. Key eligibility criteria include an MRI result of PI-RADS 2 with at least one red flag [PSA density >0.1, abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE), strong family history, BRCA mutation, PSA >10, PSA doubling time <36 months, PSA velocity >0.75/year], or PI-RADS 3, having never undergone a prostate biopsy, <cT3 on DRE, and PSA ≤20 ng/mL. The co-primary objectives are to estimate the percentage difference in sPCa between the experimental and control arms, and the percentage of participants who avoid TPPB in the experimental arm. The primary endpoints will be analyzed on the intention-to-treat principle. The main secondary objectives are the percentage difference between arms in insignificant prostate cancer, in complications following biopsy, in health-related quality of life, generalized anxiety, cancer worry, as well as the health economics impact. Patient enrolment began in March 2022, with recruitment expected to take 36 months. Clinical trial information: NCT05154162 .
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Affiliation(s)
- James Patrick Buteau
- Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging; Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Moon
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; and University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael T Fahey
- Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Roberts
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James Thompson
- Department of Urology, St. George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Declan G. Murphy
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nathan Papa
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catherine Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Veeru Kasivisvanathan
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; and Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Phillip Stricker
- Department of Urology, St. Vincent’s Hospital Sydney; St. Vincent’s Prostate Cancer Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan O'Brien
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William Counter
- Department of Theranostics and Nuclear Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shikha Agrawal
- Department of Theranostics and Nuclear Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bao Ho
- Department of Theranostics and Nuclear Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Theresa Yeung
- Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Peter Maccallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard De Abreu Lourenço
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Haryana M. Dhillon
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Centre for Medical Psychology & Evidence-based Decision-making, Psycho-Oncology Cooperative Research Group, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael S Hofman
- Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging; Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise Emmett
- Department of Theranostics and Nuclear Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Prasad S, Sharma G, Devana SK, Kumar S, Sharma S. Is tranexamic acid associated with decreased need for blood transfusion in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:99-106. [PMID: 36720263 PMCID: PMC9889173 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bleeding is a common complication after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for renal stone disease. Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been found to reduce mortality and blood transfusion in surgical and trauma patients. This review aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of TXA in patients undergoing PNL. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed to recognise all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the use of TXA in PNL. The primary outcome of the study was to compare the need for blood transfusion with and without TXA. FINDINGS Six RCTs with 1,323 patients were included in this review. Haemoglobin fall was lower in the TXA group compared with the control group, and the need for blood transfusion was reduced by 67% (odds ratio (OR) 0.33, confidence interval (CI) (0.21, 0.52), p<0.00001). However, blood loss was comparable for the two groups (mean difference -116.9, CI (-244.5,10.7) p=0.07). Length of stay and duration of surgery was significantly shorter with TXA. Furthermore, both minor and major complications were lower in the TXA group. Stone-free rate was higher with the TXA group. No thromboembolic complications were noted in the TXA group. CONCLUSIONS TXA is safe and efficacious for PNL with a reduction in need for blood transfusion and without an attending increase in complication rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prasad
- MM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Ambala, India
| | | | | | | | - S Sharma
- VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Sharma G, Shah M, Ahluwalia P, Gautam G, Dasgupta P, Challacombe B, Bhandari M, Ahlawat R, Rawal S, Buffi N, Sivaraman A, Porter J, Rogers C, Mottire, Abaza R, Rha K, Moon D, Yuvaraja T, Parekh D, Capitanio U, Maes K, Porpiglia F, Turkeri L. Off-clamp versus on-clamp robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: A propensity-matched analysis. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)01060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Sharma G, Sharma R, Saxena R, Rajni E, Prakash Mamoria V. [Pharmacological importance of novel spiro derivatives against human pathogenic fungi]. Biomed Khim 2023; 69:55-61. [PMID: 36857427 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20236901055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Human mycoses have become a threat to health world-wide. Unfortunately there are only a limited number of antimycotic drugs in use. In the present study, antifungal activity of earlier synthesized spiro-1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) was investigated. The antifungal activity of spiro-1,4-DHPs compounds were screened against Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, and Candida albicans by using Disc Diffusion and Modified Microdilution method. Among six spiro-1,4-DHPs compounds tested all of them showed stronger antifungal activity possibly through inhibiting the synthesis of chitin in cell wall against A. flavus, A. fumigatus, and C. albicans as compared to fluconazole, a standard antifungal drug. The combination of compounds showed that the synthesized compounds had synergistic, additive effects as compared to currently used drugs as an antifungal agent. These results indicated that these designed compounds were potential chitin synthase inhibitors and had excellent antimycotic activity for the treatment of fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, MPS International, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - R Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - R Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - E Rajni
- Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - V Prakash Mamoria
- Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Sharma G, Sinha B. Future emissions of greenhouse gases, particulate matter and volatile organic compounds from municipal solid waste burning in India. Sci Total Environ 2023; 858:159708. [PMID: 36302408 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Waste generation projections for the 21st century are important for the investigation of long-term global environmental problems, and greenhouse gas emissions associated with waste management. This paper presents future waste generation and open waste burning projections for India, which are consistent with the scenarios in the shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) database. India's waste generation will increase to 547 Tgy-1 and 828 Tgy-1, by 2030 and 2050, respectively, if India's waste generation rates converge to those of developed economies under the fossil fuel based economic growth projections of SSP5. This will increase open waste burning emissions by 140 % and 110 % over 2015 levels by 2030 and 2050, respectively. Business-as-usual projections predict a waste generation of 268 ± 14 Tgy-1 by 2030 and 356 ± 34 Tgy-1 by 2050 and elimination of waste burning other than landfill fires by the mid-2040s. Aggressive promotion of source segregation and treatment of biodegradable waste under a sustainable development scenario (SSP1) can advance this transition despite higher income growth and reduce waste burning from 68 (45-105) Tgy-1 in 2015 to 21-48 Tgy-1 and 2-22 Tgy-1 of waste burning by 2030 and 2050, respectively. The failure of programs targeted at this waste component would result in 31-60 Tgy-1 and 26-108 Tgy-1 of waste burning by 2030 and 2050, respectively. For the SSP5 income trajectory a failure to successfully source segregate and treat biodegradable waste would almost double open waste burning by 2050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Manauli PO, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Baerbel Sinha
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Manauli PO, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
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87
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Karmakar K, Kumar S, Roy D, Singh M, Kolte V, Choudhury A, Sharma G. Comparative genomics reveals the diversity of CRISPR-Cas locus in Azotobacter organisms. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:6887834. [PMID: 36688751 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) are known to provide adaptive immunity to bacteria against invading bacteriophages. In recent years, CRISPR-based technologies have been used for creating improved plant varieties; however, the indigenous CRISPR-Cas elements of plant growth-promoting bacteria are usually neglected. These indigenous genetic cassettes have evolved over millions of years and have shaped the bacterial genome. Therefore, these genetic loci can be used to study the adaptive capability of the bacteria in the environment. This study aims to bioinformatically analyze the genomes of a common free-living nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter spp. to assess their CRISPR-Cas diversity. Strains of Azotobacter vinelandii and Azotobacter chroococcum were found to harbor a large number of spacers. The phylogeny of different Cas and Cse1 proteins revealed a close evolutionary relationship among A. chroococcum B3, A. chroococcum NCIMB 8003 locus II, and A. vinelandii DJ locus I. The secondary structure of the hairpin loop of the repeat was also analyzed, and a correlation was derived between the structural stability of the hairpin loop and the number of spacers acquired by the CRISPR loci. These findings revealed the diversity and evolution of the CRISPR sequences and Cas proteins in Azotobacter species. Although the adaptive immune system of bacteria against bacteriophage, CRISPR-Cas, has been identified in many bacteria, studies of plant growth-promoting bacteria have been neglected. These indigenous CRISPRs have shaped the genome over millions of years and their study can lead to the understanding of the genome composition of these organisms. Our results strengthen the idea of using A. chroococcum and A. vinelandii as biofertilizer strains as they possess more spacers with highly stable repeat sequences, thereby imparting them higher chance of survival against mobile genetic elements like phages and plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapudeep Karmakar
- Regional Research Station, Terai Zone, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Coochbehar, 736165, West Bengal, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Division of Crop Research, ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, 800014, Bihar, India
| | - Dipankar Roy
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Coochbehar, 736165, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohini Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vaishnavi Kolte
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City, Bengaluru, 560100, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashok Choudhury
- Regional Research Station, Terai Zone, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Coochbehar, 736165, West Bengal, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City, Bengaluru, 560100, Karnataka, India
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Sharma G, Sharma A. Recent Insights on Drug Delivery System in Hypertension: From Bench to Market. Curr Hypertens Rev 2023; 19:93-105. [PMID: 37550916 DOI: 10.2174/1573402119666230707120846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a significant hazardous aspect for several diseases, like cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, and brain disease. Hypertension has become the most lethal condition globally, affecting approximately 1 billion people aged around 30-79 years worldwide. In the year 2022, India was ranked 170th for men and 193rd for women for HTN diagnosis rates among 200 countries worldwide. The main risk factor for cardiac failure and stroke is hypertension. The conventional classes of antihypertensive medications currently available have some side effects. Previously, hypertension has been discussed by various researchers using conventional drug-targeting methods such as ACE inhibitors, aldosterone inhibitors, or renin inhibitors. Recently, novel drug delivery technologies utilizing nanoparticles and new pharmacological classes like ACE2 and APA inhibitors have been studied for the medication of hypertension. In this review, we have covered the epidemiology of hypertension in India, its pathophysiology, medications used in the management of hypertension using nanotechnology, and antihypertensive drugs currently available in the market that are approved and patented. Finally, we have covered how hypertension can be managed with the help of smart devices and artificial intelligence (AI) for improved therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab-140413, India
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab-140413, India
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Shaheen SM, Mosa A, Natasha, Arockiam Jeyasundar PGS, Hassan NEE, Yang X, Antoniadis V, Li R, Wang J, Zhang T, Niazi NK, Shahid M, Sharma G, Alessi DS, Vithanage M, Hseu ZY, Sarmah AK, Sarkar B, Zhang Z, Hou D, Gao B, Wang H, Bolan N, Rinklebe J. Pros and Cons of Biochar to Soil Potentially Toxic Element Mobilization and Phytoavailability: Environmental Implications. Earth Syst Environ 2023; 7:321-345. [DOI: 10.1007/s41748-022-00336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWhile the potential of biochar (BC) to immobilize potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in contaminated soils has been studied and reviewed, no review has focused on the potential use of BC for enhancing the phytoremediation efficacy of PTE-contaminated soils. Consequently, the overarching purpose in this study is to critically review the effects of BC on the mobilization, phytoextraction, phytostabilization, and bioremediation of PTEs in contaminated soils. Potential mechanisms of the interactions between BC and PTEs in soils are also reviewed in detail. We discuss the promises and challenges of various approaches, including potential environmental implications, of BC application to PTE-contaminated soils. The properties of BC (e.g., surface functional groups, mineral content, ionic content, and π-electrons) govern its impact on the (im)mobilization of PTEs, which is complex and highly element-specific. This review demonstrates the contrary effects of BC on PTE mobilization and highlights possible opportunities for using BC as a mobilizing agent for enhancing phytoremediation of PTEs-contaminated soils.
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90
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Dhiman P, Rana G, Alshgari RA, Kumar A, Sharma G, Naushad M, ALOthman ZA. "Magnetic Ni-Zn ferrite anchored on g-C 3N 4 as nano-photocatalyst for efficient photo-degradation of doxycycline from water". Environ Res 2023; 216:114665. [PMID: 36334828 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, mixed-spinel ferrite anchored onto graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) was synthesized for mineralization of antibiotic pollutant from waste water. A Z-scheme g-C3N4/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nano heterojunction was fabricated by three step procedure: pyrolysis, solution combustion and mechanical grinding followed by annealing. The prepared photocatlyst was tested for degradation of Doxycycline (DC) drug under the natural sun light. Results revealed that the prepared heterojunction has maximum degradation efficiency of 97.10% pollutant in 60 min experiment. The Z-scheme heterojunction between g-C3N4 and Ni-Zn ferrite improves the photoinduced charges separation and protection of redox capability and therby increases the photo degradation efficiency. The scavenging experiments suggested that O2-● and h+ as main active species responsible for degradation of the antibiotic. In addition, the dopant variation can drive the shists in band gap and energy band positiong too which makes then excellent candidates for synthesizing tunable heterostructures with organic semiconductors. The work focusses on designing and developing of saimpler but efficient magnetic heterojunctions with superior redox capability for solar powered waste water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dhiman
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India
| | - Garima Rana
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India
| | - Razan A Alshgari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Bldg.#5, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amit Kumar
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Bldg.#5, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Mu Naushad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Bldg.#5, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid A ALOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Bldg.#5, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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91
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Sharma G, Kouzaev GA. Miniature glass-metal coaxial waveguide reactors for microwave-assisted liquid heating. ELECTRENG 2023. [DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2023006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
<abstract>
<p>Microwave (MW) irradiation is recognized as an effective tool in industries related to pharmaceuticals, chemistry, nanoparticle synthesis, food, etc. In the hardware field, some research efforts are concentrated on creating miniature reactors using low-cost technologies aimed at on-demand chemistry or parallel synthesis of many drugs.</p>
<p>This paper reports on the development and characterization of novel miniature chemical-resistant glass-metal coaxial reactors based on a modified Liebig condenser. It is composed of two concentric glass tubes, one for the central conductor carrying MW current, and the other for the copper-foiled cylinder surrounding the first pipe. The gap between them is filled with a liquid that is pumped and evacuated by using shielded thin inlet/outlet glass tubes, which are melted and opened into this cylindrical cavity. The reactor's geometry allows for the direct soldering of miniature MW SMA coaxial connectors of 50-Ω impedance.</p>
<p>The developed components are studied analytically, numerically and experimentally. The frequency properties of reactors are measured with a network analyzer. The temperature trends are explored by using a variable high-power MW generator, power meters and temperature sensors.</p>
<p>These reactors demonstrate their relative insensitivity toward variations in the permittivity of filling liquids in the range of $3.75 < \varepsilon < 30$, as shown in simulations and measurements. They demonstrate the increase by two orders in the longitudinal modal penetration depth and a more homogeneous heating along reactors as compared to their hollow coaxial prototypes.</p>
<p>These glass-metal miniature reactors can be used in on-demand continuous-flow accelerated liquid heating, chemistry and pharmacy.</p>
</abstract>
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Chemical Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (on leave), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guennadi A. Kouzaev
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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92
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Abstract
Modeling the interaction between a metal ion and small molecules can provide pivotal information to bridge and close the gap between two types of simulations: metal ions in water and metal ions in metalloproteins. As previously established, the 12-6-4 Lennard-Jones (LJ)-type nonbonded model, because of its ability to account for the induced dipole effect, has been highly successful in simulating metal ion systems. Using the potential of mean force (PMF) method, the polarizability of the metal-chelating nitrogen from two types of imidazole molecules, delta nitrogen protonated (HID) and epsilon nitrogen protonated (HIE), has been parametrized against experiment for 11 metals (Ag(I), Ca(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(I), Cu(II), Fe(II), Mg(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II)) in conjunction with three commonly used water models (TIP3P, SPC/E, and OPC). We show that the standard 12-6 and unmodified 12-6-4 models are not able to accurately model these interactions and, indeed, predict that the complex should be unstable. The resultant parameters further establish the flexibility and the reliability of the 12-6-4 LJ-type nonbonded model, which can correctly describe three-component interactions between a metal, ligand, and solvent by simply tuning the polarizability of the chelating atom. Also, the transferability of this model was tested, showing the capability of describing metal-ligand interactions in various environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan48824, United States
| | - Lin Frank Song
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan48824, United States
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan48824, United States
| | - Basak Koca Fındık
- Department of Chemistry, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, 34342Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kenneth M Merz
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan48824, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan48824, United States
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Abstract
The recent outbreak of COVID-19 infection started in Wuhan, China, and spread across China and beyond. Since the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic (March 11, 2020), three vaccines and only one antiviral drug (remdesivir) have been approved (Oct 22, 2020) by the FDA. The coronavirus enters human epithelial cells by the binding of the densely glycosylated fusion spike protein (S protein) to a receptor (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, ACE2) on the host cell surface. Therefore, inhibiting the viral entry is a promising treatment pathway for preventing or ameliorating the effects of COVID-19 infection. In the current work, we have used all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the influence of the MLN-4760 inhibitor on the conformational properties of ACE2 and its interaction with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. We have found that the presence of an inhibitor tends to completely/partially open the ACE2 receptor where the two subdomains (I and II) move away from each other, while the absence results in partial or complete closure. The current study increases our understanding of ACE inhibition by MLN-4760 and how it modulates the conformational properties of ACE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Lin Frank Song
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Kenneth M. Merz
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Lopez-Olivo MA, Sharma G, Singh G, James J, Krause KJ, Cinciripini P, Volk RJ, Suarez-Almazor ME. A systematic review with meta-analysis of the effects of smoking cessation strategies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279065. [PMID: 36520847 PMCID: PMC9754184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking rates among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) exceed those in the general population. This study identified smoking cessation strategies used in patients with RA and synthesized data on their effects. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of studies that reported effects of interventions for smoking cessation in patients with RA. We searched 5 electronic databases until March 2022. Screening, quality appraisal, and data collection were done independently by 2 reviewers. RESULTS We included 18 studies reporting interventions for patients or providers: 14 evaluated strategies for patients (5 education on cardiovascular risk factors including smoking, 3 educational interventions on smoking cessation alone, 3 education with nicotine replacement and counseling, and 1 study each: education with nicotine replacement, counseling sessions alone, and a social marketing campaign). Smoking cessation rates ranged from 4% (95% CI: 2%-6%, 24 to 48 weeks) for cardiovascular risk education to 43% (95% CI: 21%-67%, 104 weeks) for counseling sessions alone. The pooled cessation rate for all interventions was 22% (95% CI: 8%-41%, 4 weeks to 104 weeks; 9 studies). Four interventions trained providers to ascertain smoking status and provide referrals for smoking cessation. The pooled rates of referrals to quit services increased from 5% in pre-implementation populations to 70% in post-implementation populations. CONCLUSION Studies varied in patient characteristics, the interventions used, and their implementation structure. Only 3 studies were controlled clinical trials. Additional controlled studies are needed to determine best practices for smoking cessation for patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Lopez-Olivo
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | | | - Justin James
- City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kate J. Krause
- Research Medical Library, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Paul Cinciripini
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Volk
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maria E. Suarez-Almazor
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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95
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Sharma G, Naushad M, ALOthman ZA, Iqbal J, Bathula C. High interfacial charge separation in visible-light active Z- scheme g-C 3N 4/MoS 2 heterojunction: Mechanism and degradation of sulfasalazine. Chemosphere 2022; 308:136162. [PMID: 36037951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Examination of highly proficient photoactive materials for the degradation of antibiotics from the aqueous solution is the need of the hour. In the present study, a 2D/2D binary junction GCM, formed between graphitic-carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and molybdenum disulphide (MoS2), was synthesized using facile hydrothermal method and its photo-efficacy was tested for the degradation of sulfasalazine (SUL) from aqueous solution under visible-light irradiation. Morphological analysis indicated the nanosheets arrangement of MoS2 and g-C3N4. The visible-light driven experiments indicated that 97% antibiotic was degraded by GCM-30% within 90 min which was found to be quite high than pristine g-C3N4 and MoS2 at solution pH of 6, GCM-30% dose of 20 mg, and SUL concentration of 20 mgL-1. The degradation performance of GCM-30% was selectively improved due to enhanced visible-light absorption, high charge carrier separation, and high redox ability of the photogenerated charges which was induced by the effective Z-scheme 2D/2D heterojunction formed between g-C3N4 and MoS2. The reactive radicals as determined by the scavenging study were •O2-, and h+. A detailed degradation mechanism of SUL by GCM-30% was also predicted based on the detailed examination of the band gaps of g-C3N4 and MoS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Lab. for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Mu Naushad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zeid A ALOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jibran Iqbal
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, P.O. Box 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chinna Bathula
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
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96
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Mahajan R, Hudson BS, Sharma D, Kolte V, Sharma G, Goel G. Transcriptome Analysis of Podoscypha petalodes Strain GGF6 Reveals the Diversity of Proteins Involved in Lignocellulose Degradation and Ligninolytic Function. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:569-582. [PMID: 36458217 PMCID: PMC9705691 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-022-01037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports transcriptomic profiling of a Basidiomycota fungus, Podoscypha petalodes strain GGF6 belonging to the family Podoscyphaceae, isolated from the North-Western Himalayan ranges in Himachal Pradesh, India. Podoscypha petalodes strain GGF6 possesses significant biotechnological potential as it has been reported for endocellulase, laccase, and other lignocellulolytic enzymes under submerged fermentation conditions. The present study attempts to enhance our knowledge of its lignocellulolytic potential as no previous omics-based analysis is available for this white-rot fungus. The transcriptomic analysis of P. petalodes GGF6 reveals the presence of 280 CAZy proteins. Furthermore, bioprospecting transcriptome signatures in the fungi revealed a diverse array of proteins associated with cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin degradation. Interestingly, two copper-dependent lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (AA14) and one pyrroloquinolinequinone-dependent oxidoreductase (AA12) were also identified, which are known to help in the lignocellulosic plant biomass degradation. Overall, this transcriptome profiling-based study provides deeper molecular-level insights into this Basidiomycota fungi, P. petalodes, for its potential application in diverse biotechnological applications, not only in the biofuel industry but also in the environmental biodegradation of recalcitrant molecules. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-022-01037-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Mahajan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, 176062 India
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, 173234 India
| | - B. Shenu Hudson
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, Karnataka India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, 173234 India
| | - Vaishnavi Kolte
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, Karnataka India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, Karnataka India
| | - Gunjan Goel
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, 173234 India
- Department of Microbiology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences (SIAS), Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana India
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97
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Dhiman P, Sharma G, Alodhayb AN, Kumar A, Rana G, Sithole T, ALOthman ZA. Constructing a Visible-Active CoFe 2O 4@Bi 2O 3/NiO Nanoheterojunction as Magnetically Recoverable Photocatalyst with Boosted Ofloxacin Degradation Efficiency. Molecules 2022; 27:8234. [PMID: 36500330 PMCID: PMC9741353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Constructing visible-light-active Z-scheme heterojunctions has proven fruitful in enhancing the photocatalytic activity of photocatalysts for superior water clean-up. Herein, we report the fabrication of a CoFe2O4@Bi2O3/NiO (CBN) Z-scheme nanoheterojunction. The obtained CBN heterojunction was used for visible-light-assisted degradation of ofloxacin (OFL) in water. The OFL degradation efficiency achieved by the CBN heterojunction was 95.2% in 90 min with a rate constant of kapp = 0.03316 min-1, which was about eight times that of NiO and thirty times that of CoFe2O4. The photocatalytic activity of a Bi2O3/NiO Z-scheme heterojunction was greatly enhanced by the visible activity and redox mediator effect of the cobalt ferrite co-catalyst. Higher charge-carrier separation, more visible-light capture, and the Z-scheme mechanism in the Z-scheme system were the important reasons for the high performance of CBN. The scavenging experiments suggested ●O2- as an active species for superior OFL degradation. The possible OFL degradation pathway was predicted based on LC-MS findings of degradation intermediate products. The magnetic nature of the CBN helped in the recovery of the catalyst after reuse for six cycles. This work provides new insights into designing oxide-based heterojunctions with high visible-light activity, magnetic character, and high redox capabilities for potential practical applications in environmental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dhiman
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Bldg. #5, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2088, South Africa
| | - Abdullah N. Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amit Kumar
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Garima Rana
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Thandiwe Sithole
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2088, South Africa
| | - Zeid A. ALOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Bldg. #5, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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98
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Sharma G, Schlosser L, Jones BDM, Blumberger DM, Gratzer D, Husain MO, Mulsant BH, Rappaport L, Stergiopoulos V, Husain MI. Brief App-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Symptoms in Psychiatric Inpatients: Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e38460. [DOI: 10.2196/38460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Psychiatric inpatients often have limited access to psychotherapeutic education or skills for managing anxiety, a common transdiagnostic concern in severe and acute mental illness. COVID-19–related restrictions further limited access to therapy groups on inpatient psychiatric units. App-based interventions may improve access, but evidence supporting the feasibility of their use, acceptability, and effectiveness in psychiatric inpatient settings is limited. MindShift CBT is a free app based on cognitive behavioral therapy principles with evidence for alleviating anxiety symptoms in the outpatient setting.
Objective
We aimed to recruit 24 participants from an acute general psychiatric inpatient ward to a 1-month randomized control study assessing the feasibility and acceptability of providing patients with severe and acute mental illness access to the MindShift CBT app for help with managing anxiety symptoms.
Methods
Recruitment, data collection, analysis, and interpretation were completed collaboratively by clinician and peer researchers. Inpatients were randomized to two conditions: treatment as usual (TAU) versus TAU plus use of the MindShift CBT app over 6 days. We collected demographic and quantitative data on acceptability and usability of the intervention. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress were measured in pre- and poststudy surveys for preliminary signals of efficacy. We conducted individual semistructured interviews with participants in the MindShift CBT app group at the end of their trial period, which were interpreted using a standardized protocol for thematic analysis.
Results
Over 4 weeks, 33 inpatients were referred to the study, 24 consented to participate, 20 were randomized, and 11 completed the study. Of the 9 randomized participants who did not complete the study, 7 were withdrawn because they were discharged or transferred prior to study completion, with a similar distribution among both conditions. Among the enrolled patients, 65% (13/20) were admitted for a psychotic disorder and no patient was admitted primarily for an anxiety disorder. The average length of stay was 20 days (SD 4.4; range 3-21) and 35% (7/20) of patients were involuntarily admitted to hospital. Small sample sizes limited accurate interpretation of the efficacy data. Themes emerging from qualitative interviews included acceptability and usability of the app, and patient agency associated with voluntary participation in research while admitted to hospital.
Conclusions
Our study benefitted from collaboration between peer and clinician researchers. Due to rapid patient turnover in the acute inpatient setting, additional flexibility in recruitment and enrollment is needed to determine the efficacy of using app-based psychotherapy on an acute psychiatric ward. Despite the limited sample size, our study suggests that similar interventions may be feasible and acceptable for acutely unwell inpatients. Further study is needed to compare the efficacy of psychotherapeutic apps with existing standards of care in this setting.
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04841603; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04841603
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99
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Sharma G, Vidalis S, Menon C, Anand N. Analysis and implementation of semi-automatic model for vulnerability exploitations of threat agents in NIST databases. Multimed Tools Appl 2022; 82:16951-16971. [PMID: 36339055 PMCID: PMC9628632 DOI: 10.1007/s11042-022-14036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Proactive security plays a vital role in preventing the attack before entering active mode. In the modern information environment, it depends on the vulnerability management practitioners of an organization in which the critical factor is the prioritization of threats. The existing models and methodology follow the traditional approaches of a Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) to prioritize threats and vulnerabilities. The CVSS is not able to provide effectiveness to the security of the business of an organization. In contrast, the vulnerability analysis needs a model which can give significance to the prioritization policies. The model depends on the CVSS score of threats and compares various features of vulnerability like threat vectors, inputs, environments used by threat agent's groups, and potential outputs of threat agents. Therefore, the research aims to design a semi-automatic model for vulnerability analysis of threats for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database of cyber-crime. We have developed a semi-automatic model that simulates the CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) list of the NIST database between 1999 and 2021, concerning the resources used by the threat agents, pre-requisites input, attack vectors, and dormant results. The semi-automatic approach of the model to perform the vulnerability analysis of threat agent groups identified in a network makes the model more efficient and effective to addresses the profiling of threat agents and evaluating the CTI (Critical Threat intelligence feed). Our experimental results imply that the semi-automatic model implements the vulnerability prioritization based on the CVSS score and uses the comparative analysis based on the threat agent's vectors identified. It also provides potency and optimized complexity to an organization's business to mitigate the vulnerability identified in a network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Niharika Anand
- Indian Institute of Information Technology Lucknow (IIITL), Lucknow, India
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100
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Jain N, Sharma G, Das S. Instability of liquid film flow inside of a vertical tube in presence of an interfacial surfactant. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:055101. [PMID: 36559512 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.055101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Liquid film coating inside a tube becomes unstable to surface-tension-driven Rayleigh-Plateau (RP) instability. The presence of interfacial surfactant reduces the growth rate of RP instability but is unable to completely eliminate it. Further, it is known that the surfactant mode, an eigenmode emerging because of the presence of surfactant, remains stable for such liquid films. However, the above two observations hold true only when the liquid film remains stationary (i.e., in the absence of base flow). Here, we investigate the linear stability of surfactant-laden liquid film inside of the tube with base flow included in the analysis. We observed a complete suppression of Rayleigh-Plateau instability because of the presence of surfactant when the basic flow is included in the analysis. However, the surfactant mode, which otherwise remains stable in the absence of base flow, is found to be unstable when the basic flow is taken into account in the stability analysis. More importantly, depending on the base flow strength, the wave number corresponding to maximum growth rate and cutoff wave number for surfactant mode are greater than unity for a wide variety of parameters. This is unlike the (RP) instability observed for surfactant-covered stationary films where the cutoff wave number is always less than unity. Further, we show that the growth rate observed for this surfactant-mode instability in the presence of sufficiently strong basic flow is significantly higher than the growth rate of RP instability observed for a stationary liquid film. These observations imply that depending on the strength of basic flow, the effect of presence of surfactant is destabilizing for such film flows as opposed to a stabilizing effect observed for stationary liquid films in earlier studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode-673601, Kerala, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode-673601, Kerala, India
| | - Susmita Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode-673601, Kerala, India
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